title: One-week triple therapy with omeprazole, clarithromycin, and nitroimidazole for Helicobacter pylori infection in children and adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Resolution of Helicobacter pylori infection is important in the management of peptic ulcer disease and reduces peptic ulcer recurrence in both adults and children. Various anti-H pylori treatment regimens have been proposed, reflecting the incomplete clinical success of each. A combination of omeprazole, clarithromycin, and tinidazole, given for 1 week, has been shown to be highly tolerable and effective, achieving a success rate of >90% in the adult population.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate this short-term regimen in pediatric and adolescent populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group consisted of 35 children referred for evaluation of dyspeptic symptoms. They all underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, in which H pylori infection was confirmed by rapid urease test and/or histologic staining. They were given omeprazole (20 mg twice daily), clarithromycin (250 mg twice daily), and tinidazole or metronidazole (500 mg twice daily) for 1 week. The patients were divided into two groups: those who received the first course of anti-H pylori therapy during this study (group 1) and those who had previously received standard metronidazole and bismuth combination therapies that failed to eradicate H pylori (group 2). Therapeutic efficacy was assessed by a 13C-urea breath test performed 4 weeks after completion of treatment. Results. The 35 study patients had a mean age of 15.9 years (range, 10 to 19) and included 19 males and 16 females, of whom 22 were born in Israel and 13 were immigrants from the former USSR. There were 27 patients (77. 1%) in group 1 and 8 patients (22.9%) in group 2. Endoscopic findings were nodular gastritis (14), gastritis (11), gastric ulcer (1), duodenal ulcer (5), and duodenitis (4). H pylori resolution was significantly higher in group 1 patients (24/27, 88.9%) than in group 2 patients (1/8, 12.5%). There was no difference between patients with nodular gastritis and those with nonnodular gastritis, and between Israeli-born patients and patients born in the former USSR. Compliance in both groups was equally good, and no major side effects were recorded.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One-week omeprazole/clarithromycin/tinidazole triple therapy is highly tolerable and effective for treating H pylori in the pediatric age group, but previous treatment failure diminishes the likelihood of success with this regimen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Dana Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moshkowitz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reif
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brill
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ringel
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Arber
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Halpern
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bujanover
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D017291:Clarithromycin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005756:Gastritis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009853:Omeprazole / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014011:Tinidazole / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D014011:Tinidazole; D017291:Clarithromycin; D009853:Omeprazole