title: Numerical modeling of facial aging.
abstract: Facial aging is a biological phenomenon. Skin properties change with time, and gravity and facial expressions exert mechanical deformation. Knowledge of these alterations may suggest ways to reverse them by identifying the corresponding distortional forces. The aim of this study was to determine a pattern of change for parameters of the face during the aging process, based on the numerical fitting of measures from a sample of patients. The first aspect of this study was to define adequate facial parameters and means of measuring them. Subsequently, each parameter was defined individually, and these data were analyzed as a set. The sample for the research was restricted to a group of 40 white female patients with a history of limited exposure to the sun, with ages ranging from 25 to 65. The reason for choosing this sample was the availability of frontal pattern photographs at different ages. The parameters for each patient were measured at two different ages. A strong correlation was found between age and behavior of the parameters. This aging model can be verified qualitatively by comparing photographs of a patient with manipulated photographs simulating aging. The quantitative verification of the model was done through the comparison of the measured and the predicted parameters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Pontifical Catholic University, and the Carlos Chagas Postgraduate Medical School, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pitanguy
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pamplona
authors.forename: H I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Leta
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Salgado
authors.forename: H N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Radwanski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000473:pathology*; D000465:Algorithms; D002508:Cephalometry; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005123:Eye / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005143:Eyelids / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D005546:Forehead / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006112:Gravitation; D006801:Humans; D008046:Lip / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D009666:Nose / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D010781:Photography; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000473:pathology; D013314:Stress, Mechanical