title: Long-term cytokine alterations following allogeneic blood transfusion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Allogeneic blood transfusion is associated with an increased risk of infection and higher cancer recurrence rates. Previous research has shown that blood transfusion results in multiple immune effects, including cytokine alterations. The purpose of this study was to measure the long term kinetics of splenocyte cytokine production in transfused mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Balb/c mice received either syngeneic transfusion (Syn-BT) or allogeneic transfusion (Allo-BT) from C3H-HeN mice. Splenocyte production of IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-gamma was quantitated by ELISA on post-transfusion days 5, 10, 21, and 30.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both Allo-BT and Syn-BT produced significant alterations in cytokine production, but Allo-BT produced the most dramatic and enduring effects as summarized: IL-2: Production of IL-2 was suppressed at day 5, (p < 0.0001), but then rose, peaking at day 21, 30% greater than control values (p < 0.05). IL-6: Allo-BT mice showed suppression of IL-6 throughout the study period (p < 0.005 vs controls, each time point). IL-10: A 5-fold increase in IL-10 production was seen at day 5 after Allo-BT (p < 0.0001 vs control). Production of IL-10 was suppressed at days 10 and 21 (p < 0.001), but returned to control levels by day 30, gamma-IFN: At day 5 post Allo-BT, gamma-IFN was 4 x greater than controls (p < 0.0001). Gamma-IFN production was suppressed at day 10, but then rose at days 21 and 30 to nearly 3 x control levels (p < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Allo-BT produced multiple cytokine alterations that were of prolonged duration. These results provide a theoretic explanation for the multiple, long-term immunomodulating effects seen in patients who have received transfusions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City 84132, USA.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Edelman
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shelby
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007376:Interleukin-2; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007371:Interferon-gamma