title: Inhibition of hyphal growth of azole-resistant strains of Candida albicans by triazole antifungal agents in the presence of lactoferrin-related compounds.
abstract: The effects of bovine lactoferrin (LF) or the LF-derived antimicrobial peptide lactoferricin B (LFcin B) on the growth of Candida albicans hyphae, including those of three azole-resistant strains, were investigated by a crystal violet staining method. The hyphae of two highly azole-resistant strains were more susceptible to inhibition by LF or LFcin B than the azole-susceptible strains tested. One moderately azole-resistant strain was defective in the formation of hyphae and showed a susceptibility to LF greater than that of the susceptible strains but a susceptibility to LFcin B similar to that of the susceptible strains. The highly azole-resistant strain TIMM3317 showed trailing growth in the presence of fluconazole or itraconazole, while the extent of growth was reduced by the addition of LF or LFcin B at a sub-MIC. Thus, the addition of LF or LFcin B at a sub-MIC resulted in a substantial decrease in the MICs of fluconazole and itraconazole for two highly azole-resistant strains; e.g., the MIC of fluconazole for TIMM3317 was shifted from > 256 to 0.25 micrograms/ml by LF, but the MICs were not decreased for the susceptible strains. The combination effects observed with triazoles and LF-related compounds in the case of the two highly azole-resistant strains were confirmed to be synergistic by the fractional inhibitory concentration index. These results demonstrate that for some azole-resistant C. albicans strains, LF-related compounds combined with triazoles can inhibit the growth of hyphae, an important form of this organism in pathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Nutritional Science Laboratory, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wakabayashi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Teraguchi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hayasawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014230:Triazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D014230:Triazoles; C082171:lactoferricin B; D007781:Lactoferrin