title: Identification of a glucocorticoid response element in the human gamma chain fibrinogen promoter.
abstract: The effect of the synthetic glucocorticoid hormone dexamethasone on human gamma chain fibrinogen gene expression was examined. The whole promoter region of 3.8 kb of this gene and progressive 5'-deletions were inserted into a promoterless expression vector, upstream of the luciferase gene and transiently transfected into the human hepatoma HepG2 cells, in the presence or in the absence of dexamethasone stimulation. Deletion analysis allowed to identify a region located between -1359 and -954 bp upstream from the transcription start site, involved in hormone inducibility. On the basis of a computer-assisted analysis, a putative GRE was found in this region at bases -1116 to -1102. Specific point mutations eliminating this putative GRE led to complete loss of glucocorticoid inducibility, thus indicating its functional role. Binding of the rat glucocorticoid receptor to this site was demonstrated by mobility-shift assays.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Genetics for Medical Sciences, University of Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Asselta
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Duga
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Modugno
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malcovati
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Tenchini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000473:pathology; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D016384:Consensus Sequence; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D015723:Gene Library; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D051381:Rats; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D003907:Dexamethasone; D005340:Fibrinogen