title: Immunolocalization of apolipoprotein D, androgen receptor and prostate specific antigen in early stage prostate cancers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the cellular distribution and levels of immunohistochemical staining for apolipoprotein D (Apo-D), prostate specific antigen (PSA) and androgen receptor (AR) in early stage prostate cancers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cellular distribution of Apo-D, PSA and AR in 30 stage A/B prostate cancers and in non-malignant glandular tissue contained in the same sections was detected immunohistochemically, and staining was evaluated by computerized video image analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Staining for Apo-D (percentage positive cellular area) was significantly increased in tumor cells of early stage prostate cancers compared with non-malignant glandular tissue. PSA and AR were present at high levels in both early stage prostate tumors and non-malignant prostate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Malignant transformation in the prostate is associated with increased cellular levels of Apo-D.
authors.affiliation: Flinders Cancer Centre, Department of Surgery, Flinders University School of Medicine, Bedford Park, Australia.
authors.forename: S X
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bentel
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ricciardelli
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Horsfall
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Haagensen
authors.forename: V R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Tilley
mesh_terms: D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000032:analysis*; D053399:Apolipoproteins D; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000032:analysis*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D001053:Apolipoproteins; D053399:Apolipoproteins D; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen