title: Our heritage: a history of gastroenterology and gastroenterology nursing.
abstract: Gastroenterology is a relatively new specialty but has roots dating back to 1868. Gabriella and Rudolph Schindler pioneered humane methods of performing gastroscopies with a semiflexible gastroscope that are still used today, including numbing of the throat, instruction about the examination to encourage cooperation, and spoken guidance and encouragement during the procedure. This history is presented to demonstrate the creativity and dedication of the founders of gastroenterology.
authors.affiliation: Ambulatory Care Unit, Centura Penrose St. Francis Health Care System, Colorado Springs, CO 80933, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Salmore
mesh_terms: D019723:Endoscopes / Q000266:history; D005060:Europe; D005762:Gastroenterology / Q000266:history* / Q000295:instrumentation; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D007564:Japan; D013041:Specialties, Nursing / Q000266:history*; D014481:United States