title: Urethroplasty for balanitis xerotica obliterans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the results of different methods of urethroplasty for anterior urethral strictures caused by balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight patients underwent urethroplasty for BXO; 12 had a one-stage pedicled penile skin-flap urethroplasty and 16 excision and a two-stage free-graft urethroplasty using nongenital skin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The treatment failed in all patients undergoing a one-stage pedicle penile skin urethroplasty because the disease recurred with BXO, whereas the treatment failed in only one patient using a two-stage free graft procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A two-stage free-graft urethroplasty using nongenital skin is recommended for anterior urethral strictures caused by BXO.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Urology and Nephrology and Department of Urology, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Venn
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Mundy
mesh_terms: D001446:Balanitis / Q000601:surgery*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012008:Recurrence; D012086:Reoperation; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D017211:Treatment Failure; D014521:Urethra / Q000601:surgery*; D014525:Urethral Stricture / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D013521:Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male / Q000379:methods*