title: Simultaneous vs sequential initiation of therapy with indinavir, zidovudine, and lamivudine for HIV-1 infection: 100-week follow-up.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Combination antiretroviral therapy can markedly suppress human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication but the duration of HIV suppression varies among patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the antiretroviral effect of a 3-drug regimen started simultaneously or sequentially in patients with HIV infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multicenter, randomized, double-blind study, modified after at least 24 weeks of blinded therapy to provide open-label 3-drug therapy with follow-up through 100 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four clinical research units
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-seven patients with HIV infection who had taken zidovudine for at least 6 months with serum HIV RNA level of at least 20000 copies/mL and CD4 cell count of 0.05 to 0.40 x 10(9)/L.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were initially randomized to receive 1 of 3 antiretroviral regimens: indinavir, 800 mg every 8 hours; zidovudine, 200 mg every 8 hours and lamivudine, 150 mg every 12 hours; or all 3 drugs. After at least 24 weeks of blinded therapy, all patients received open-label 3-drug therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Antiretroviral activity was assessed by changes in HIV RNA level and CD4 cell count from baseline. Data through 100 weeks were summarized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Simultaneous initiation of indinavir, zidovudine, and lamivudine suppressed HIV RNA in 78% (25/32) of contributing patients to less than 500 copies/mL and increased CD4 cell count to a median of 0.209 x 10(9)/L above baseline at 100 weeks. When these 3 drugs were initiated sequentially, only 30% to 45% of contributing patients (10 of 33 in the zidovudine-lamivudine group and 13 of 29 in the indinavir group, respectively) had a sustained reduction in HIV RNA to less than 500 copies/mL, and median CD4 cell count increased to 0.101 to 0.163 x 10(9)/L above baseline at 100 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A 3-drug combination of indinavir, zidovudine, and lamivudine started simultaneously has durable antiretroviral activity for at least 2 years. Sequential initiation of the same 3 drugs is much less effective.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA. rgulick@mail.med.cornell.edu
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Gulick
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Mellors
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Havlir
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Eron
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McMahon
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jonas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meibohm
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Holder
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Schleif
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Condra
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Emini
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Isaacs
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Chodakewitz
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Richman
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D019469:Indinavir / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019259:Lamivudine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019562:Viral Load; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D019259:Lamivudine; D015215:Zidovudine; D019469:Indinavir