title: Synthesis of aryl 3'-sulfo-beta-lactosides as fluorogenic and chromogenic substrates for ceramide glycanases.
abstract: We have previously reported that 4-methylumbelliferyl 6'-O-benzyl-beta-lactoside (2) is a useful substrate for a fluorometric assay of ceramide glycanase (CGase) (L.-X. Wang, N. V. Pavlova, S.-C. Li, Y.-T. Li and Y. C. Lee, Glycoconjugate J., 13 (1996) 359-365). The introduction of a 6-O-benzyl group at the terminal Gal efficiently protected the substrate from its hydrolysis by exo-galactosidase, permitting the assay of CGase in crude biological materials. However, a drawback of this substrate is its low water-solubility and relatively high Km (at a mM level). Introduction of a sulfate group into 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-lactoside (1) led to the formation of 4-methylumbelliferyl 3'-O-sulfo-beta-lactoside (3), which was found to be a more effective substrate than 2. Moreover, the presence of a 3'-O-sulfate group not only increases the water solubility tremendously, but also protects the substrate from cleavage by exo-beta-galactosidase as the 6'-O-benzyl group in 2 does. In addition to the fluorogenic substrate (3), two sulfated chromogenic substrates, N-tetradecanoyl-4-O(3'-sulfo-beta-lactosyl)-3-nitro-L-tyrosine methyl ester (9) and 2-N-(tetradecanoylamino)-4-nitro-phenyl 3'-sulfo-beta-lactoside (12), were synthesized and their suitability for a photometric assay of CGase was evaluated. Substrates 9 and 12, with a long fatty acid chain attached to the aglycon part, have a Km value close to that of the natural substrate GM1 (at a microM level).
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218-2685, USA.
authors.forename: L X
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: N V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Pavlova
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Y T
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D002863:Chromogenic Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D005470:Fluorometry; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006027:Glycosides / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D012995:Solubility; D013431:Sulfates / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D014468:Umbelliferones / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002863:Chromogenic Compounds; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006027:Glycosides; D013431:Sulfates; D014468:Umbelliferones; C008245:lactosides; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases; C051111:ceramide glycanase; D001616:beta-Galactosidase