title: Association between hyperadrenocorticism and development of calcium-containing uroliths in dogs with urolithiasis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine, among dogs with urolithiasis, whether dogs that had hyperadrenocorticism would be more likely to have calcium-containing uroliths than would dogs that did not have clinical evidence of hyperadrenocorticism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  20 dogs that had urolithiasis and hyperadrenocorticism and 42 breed-matched dogs that had urolithiasis but did not have clinical evidence of hyper-adrenocorticism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Signalment, urolith composition, results of bacterial culture of urine, and results of adrenal axis tests were recorded. A multivariate logistic regression model was created, including terms for age, sex, and hyperadrenocorticism. The outcome variable was presence or absence of calcium-containing uroliths.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among dogs with urolithiasis, those that had hyperadrenocorticism were 10 times as likely to have calcium-containing uroliths as were dogs that did not have clinical evidence of hyperadrenocorticism (odds ratio, 10.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.5 to 23.4). Neutered and sexually intact females were less likely to have calcium-containing uroliths than were neutered males (odds ratios, 0.041 [95% confidence interval, 0.0057 to 0.29] and 0.024 [95% confidence interval, 0.0012 to 0.51, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prompt diagnosis and treatment of hyperadrenocorticism may decrease prevalence of calcium-containing uroliths in dogs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104-6010, USA.
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Hess
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Kass
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Ward
mesh_terms: D000308:Adrenocortical Hyperfunction / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000737:chemistry / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D002118:Calcium