title: Insulin-like growth factor 1 and prostate cancer risk: a population-based, case-control study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent epidemiologic investigations have suggested an association between increased blood levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and increased risk of prostate cancer. Our goal was to determine whether an association exists between serum levels of IGF-1 and one of its binding proteins, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3), and prostate cancer risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  An immunoradiometric assay was used to quantify IGF-1 levels and IGFBP-3 levels in serum samples as part of a population-based, case-control study in Sweden. The study population comprised 210 patients with newly diagnosed, untreated prostate cancer and 224 frequency-matched control subjects. Data were analyzed by use of unconditional logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Reported P values are two-sided.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean serum IGF-1 level for case patients (158.4 ng/mL) was significantly higher than that for control subjects (147.4 ng/mL) (P = .02); corresponding mean serum IGFBP-3 levels were not significantly different between case patients (2668 ng/mL) and control subjects (2518 ng/mL) (P =.09). We found a moderately strong and statistically significant (P = .04) positive association between serum levels of IGF-1 levels and risk of prostate cancer (OR = 1.51; 95% CI = 1.0-2.26 per 100 ng/mL increment); the association was particularly strong for men younger than 70 years of age (OR = 2.93; 95% CI = 1.43-5.97). No association was found between serum IGF-1 levels and disease stage. Serum IGFBP-3 levels were not significantly associated with increased risk of disease, and adjustment for IGFBP-3 had little effect on the association between IGF-1 levels and risk of prostate cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated serum IGF-1 levels may be an important predictor of risk for prostate cancer. However, our results do not support an important role for serum IGFBP-3 as a predictor of risk for this disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. Alicja.Wolk@mep.ki.se
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wolk
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Mantzoros
authors.forename: S O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bergström
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Signorello
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lagiou
authors.forename: H O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Adami
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Trichopoulos
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D006801:Humans; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 / Q000097:blood*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I