Anaesthetic induction time for tracheal intubation using sevoflurane or halothane in children.
The current study was designed to determine the anaesthetic induction time required for tracheal intubation (TimeEI) with equipotent inspired concentrations of 5% sevoflurane and 2.5% halothane in oxygen. TimeEI that prevents 50% and 95% of patients from coughing and gross purposeful muscular movements after intubation was defined as TimeEI50 and TimeEI95, respectively. Thirty-six patients aged 1-7 years were enrolled in the study. Anaesthesia was induced via mask and when TimeEI attained a predetermined value, intubation was performed using an uncuffed tube. Each TimeEI at which tracheal intubation was attempted was predetermined according to the up-and-down method. When intubation was accomplished without gross purposeful muscular movements, it was considered a smooth intubation. Determination with this method revealed that TimeEI50 and TimeEI95 for the sevoflurane/halothane groups were 147/214 s and 194/255 s, respectively. In conclusion, it is possible to determine TimeEI using an inspired sevoflurane concentration of 5% and halothane 2.5% in oxygen. The technique with 5% sevoflurane seems more practical for paediatric anaesthesia induction in busy clinical situations.
Inomata
S
S
Department of Anaesthesia, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
Yamashita
S
S
Toyooka
H
H
Yaguchi
Y
Y
Taguchi
M
M
Sato
S
S
D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006221:Halothane; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D009068:Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D013997:Time Factors
D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D006221:Halothane