title: Increased levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity in colorectal tumors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase), an enzyme that phosphorylates inositol phospholipids at the D-3 position of the inositol ring, has been implicated in the signaling pathways regulating cell growth by virtue of its activation in response to various mitogenic stimuli. In spite of the considerable attention PI 3-kinase has received with regard to its possible role in the mitogenic pathways in hematopoietic malignancies, there are few reports of investigations into PI 3-kinase activity in solid tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Colorectal tumor tissue and normal-appearing colonic mucosa from the same patients were homogenized and solubilized and adjusted to equal protein levels. PI 3-kinase then was immunoprecipitated from 200 microg of the solubilized tissue using a polyclonal antibody to the p85 subunit of PI 3-kinase. PI 3-kinase activity was assessed using phosphatidylinositol as the substrate and the assay product analyzed by thin-layer chromatography. Phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol in the D-3 position was confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography analysis of deacylated and deglycerated products.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-two of the 37 tumors tested (86%) demonstrated increased PI 3-kinase activity compared with normal-appearing mucosa from the same patients (overall mean increase+/-standard error of the mean=3.8+/-0.6-fold; P < 0.05, Student's t test for paired data). The frequency and extent of increased PI 3-kinase enzyme activity in tumors did not correlate with clinical parameters or the presence of oncogenic ras mutations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study colorectal tumors exhibited enhanced PI 3-kinase activity compared with normal colonic mucosa, raising the possibility that PI 3-kinase may be a potential target for new strategies for the treatment of colorectal carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, Western Hospital, Footscray, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: St Clair
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Munday
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Mitchell
mesh_terms: D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D011905:Genes, ras; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010766:Phosphorylation
chemical_list: D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases