title: Prognostic value of gastric intramucosal pH in critically ill children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the association of tonometrically measured gastric intramucosal pH (pHi) to the occurrence of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and death in critically ill children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) of a teaching children's hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-one critically ill children admitted (median age 5.4+/-5 [SD] yrs; range 1 mo to 16 yrs) with the following diagnoses: post major surgery (n=26), sepsis (n=8), multiple trauma (n=5), acute respiratory distress syndrome (n=4), and "miscellaneous" (n=8).
  
  
  METHODS
  Placement of a tonometric catheter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pediatric Risk of Mortality (PRISM) score and clinical data were collected on admission and pHi daily during their stay in the pediatric ICU. A sigmoid tonometer was used to determine the pHi. Unconditional logistic regression was used to investigate the prognostic value of pHi. On admission, 26 patients presented with low gastric pHi (< or =7.35) and 17 of them had values of <7.30. The mortality rate in children with pHi <7.30 was 47.1% (95% confidence interval, 26.2 to 69) in contrast with an 11.7% mortality rate (95% confidence interval, 4.6 to 26.6) in children having a pHi of > or =7.30 (p=.015). The pHi and PRISM score on admission were independent predictive factors of death. The risk of mortality is increased when the pHi is low (odds ratio=2.5). However, we did not find the pHi to be a predictor for developing MODS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show that pHi is an independent predictor of mortality in patients admitted to a pediatric ICU. Although no relationship was observed between the risk of MODS and gastric pHi, the univariate difference of 21% vs. 41% is highly suggestive. The pHi determination is a minimally invasive procedure and well tolerated in children of all ages.
authors.affiliation: Hospital del Niño Jesús, Departamento de Pediatría, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Casado-Flores
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mora
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pérez-Corral
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martínez-Azagra
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: García-Teresa
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ruiz-López
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000098:blood supply / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects; D006635:Histamine H2 Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007223:Infant; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; D007511:Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011899:Ranitidine / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D006635:Histamine H2 Antagonists; D011899:Ranitidine