title: Detection of urethral diverticula in women: comparison of a high resolution fast spin echo technique with double balloon urethrography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We compared a rapid high resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique to contrast urethrography for the detection of urethral diverticula in women.
  
  
  METHODS
  During a 19-month interval 13 patients with clinically suspected urethral diverticula were evaluated with MRI and contrast urethrography. All patients were referred by a urologist, and had clinical signs and symptoms suggesting the presence of a urethral diverticulum. Double balloon urethrography was performed in 12 patients and voiding cystourethrography was done in 1. MRI was performed using a fast spin echo T2-weighted pulse sequence and a dedicated pelvic multicoil. Following a sagittal localizer sequence 3 mm. thick axial sections were obtained from the bladder base through the entire urethra. Total imaging time was 15 minutes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 7 patients MRI and urethrography were negative for urethral diverticula, and in 3 cystourethroscopy was negative. In 1 patient MRI revealed a vaginal inclusion cyst confirmed by surgery. Three patients had no other studies or procedures performed. In 6 patients MRI was positive for urethral diverticula, including 4 in whom the diverticulum was confirmed at surgery, 1 who declined surgery and 1 who was lost to followup. Of the 4 patients (75%) with a surgically confirmed diverticulum double balloon urethrogram was negative in 3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MRI is a valuable noninvasive technique for determining the presence of urethral diverticula as well as detecting other abnormalities. In our study MRI had a higher sensitivity for detecting diverticula and a much higher negative predictive rate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Neitlich
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Glickman
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D004240:Diverticulum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D011859:Radiography; D014522:Urethral Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*