title: Characteristics of psychiatrists who perform ECT.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Use of ECT is highly variable, and previous study has linked its availability to the geographic concentration of psychiatrists. However, less than 8% of all U.S. psychiatrists provide ECT. The authors analyzed the characteristics of psychiatrists who use ECT to understand more fully the variation in its use and how changes in the psychiatric workforce may affect its availability.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from the 1988-1989 Professional Activities Survey were examined to investigate the influence of demographic, training, clinical practice, and geographic characteristics on whether psychiatrists use ECT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Psychiatrists who provided ECT were more likely to be male, to have graduated from a medical school outside the United States, and to have been trained in the 1960s or 1980s rather than the 1970s. They were more likely to provide medications than psychotherapy, to practice at private rather than state and county public hospitals, to treat patients with affective and organic disorders, and to practice in a county containing an academic medical center.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Demographic and training characteristics significantly influence whether a psychiatrist uses ECT. Opposing trends in the U.S. psychiatric workforce could affect the availability of the procedure. Expanding training opportunities for ECT and making education, training, and testing more consistent nationwide could improve clinicians' consensus about ECT and narrow variation in its use.
authors.affiliation: Malcolm Wiener Center for Social Policy, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., USA.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Hermann
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Ettner
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Dorwart
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Hoover
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yeung
mesh_terms: D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004565:Electroconvulsive Therapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005550:Foreign Medical Graduates; D005852:Geriatric Psychiatry / Q000193:education; D016304:Hospitals, Private; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008504:Medical Staff Privileges; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000628:therapy; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010820:Physicians / Q000600:supply & distribution; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011570:Psychiatry / Q000193:education / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012737:Sex Factors; D000078329:Workforce