title: Identification of a flunixin metabolite in camel by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
abstract: A flunixin metabolite, a hydroxylated product, has been identified in camel urine and plasma samples using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and GC-MS-MS in the electron impact and chemical ionization modes. Its major fragmentation pattern has been verified by GC-MS-MS in daughter ion and parent ion scan modes. The method could detect flunixin and its metabolite in camel urine after a single intravenous dose of 2.2 mg of flunixin/kg body weight for 96 and 48 h, respectively, which increases the reliability of antidoping control analysis.
authors.affiliation: Camelracing Forensic Laboratory, Forensic Science Laboratory, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Wasfi
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Hadi
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Alkatheeri
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Barezaiq
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: ElGhazali
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Boni
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Zorob
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D002162:Camelus / Q000378:metabolism*; D003002:Clonixin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D004300:Doping in Sports; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; C014557:flunixin; D003002:Clonixin