title: Neuropsychological, psychosocial and vocational correlates of the Glasgow Outcome Scale at 6 months post-injury: a study of moderate to severe traumatic brain injury patients.
abstract: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) subjects at Glasgow Outcome Scale levels 3 (severe disability), 4 (moderate disability), 5 (good recovery), and an other-injury control group (OIC) were compared in terms of neuropsychological, psychosocial, and vocational functioning 6 months after injury. Subjects were a sample of 100 patients with a moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and a matched sample of 30 other-injury control subjects (OIC) enrolled in the UCLA Brain Injury Research Center study of TBI outcome. Overall, the results showed a systematic decrease in mean neuropsychological test performance as a function of increasing GOS severity, as well as an increased prevalence of symptoms of depression and lower ratings on measures assessing employability and capacity for self care. TBI patients in the 'severe' and 'moderate disability' groups were distinctly inferior to the 'good recovery' and 'OIC' groups, who were quite similar to each other in terms of cognitive, psychosocial, and vocational outcomes. The results demonstrate overall support for the predictive and concurrent validity of the GOS 6 months post injury. Despite these results, which strengthen the utility and appeal of the GOS for multicentre studies, concerns still remain regarding GOS category 4 (moderate disability), which was shown to lack sufficient discriminability in this study.
authors.affiliation: University of California, Los Angeles 90024, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Satz
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zaucha
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Forney
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McCleary
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Asarnow
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Light
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bergsneider
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hovda
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Caron
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Namerow
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Becker
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D004651:Employment; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000592:standards*; D011379:Prognosis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012917:Social Adjustment