title: Overexpression of human superoxide dismutase inhibits oxidation of low-density lipoprotein by endothelial cells.
abstract: Oxidation of LDL in the subendothelial space has been proposed to play a key role in atherosclerosis. Endothelial cells produce superoxide anions (O2.-) and oxidize LDL in vitro; however, the role of O2.- in endothelial cell-induced LDL oxidation is unclear. Incubation of human LDL (200 microg/mL) with bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) for 18 hours resulted in a 4-fold increase in LDL oxidation compared with cell-free incubation (22.5+/-1.1 versus 6.3+/-0.2 [mean+/-SEM] nmol malondialdehyde/mg LDL protein, respectively; P<0.05). Under similar conditions, incubation of LDL with porcine aortic endothelial cells resulted in a 5-fold increase in LDL oxidation. Inclusion of exogenous copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/ZnSOD, 100 microg/mL) in the medium reduced BAEC-induced LDL oxidation by 79%. To determine whether the intracellular SOD content can have a similar protective effect, BAECs were infected with adenoviral vectors containing cDNA for human Cu/ZnSOD (AdCu/ZnSOD) or manganese SOD (AdMnSOD). Adenoviral infection increased the content and activity of either Cu/ZnSOD or MnSOD in the cells and reduced cellular O2.- release by two thirds. When cells infected with AdCu/ZnSOD or AdMnSOD were incubated with LDL, formation of malondialdehyde was decreased by 77% and 32%, respectively. Two other indices of LDL oxidation, formation of conjugated dienes and increased LDL electrophoretic mobility, were similarly reduced by SOD transduction. These data suggest that production of O2.- contributes to endothelial cell-induced oxidation of LDL in vitro. Furthermore, adenovirus-mediated transfer of cDNA for human SOD, particularly Cu/ZnSOD, effectively reduces oxidation of LDL by endothelial cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City 52242, USA.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Weintraub
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Rios
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Chappell
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Zwacka
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Engelhardt
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Oberley
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Heistad
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Spector
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism*; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006801:Humans; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D010100:Oxygen