title: [Diet and risk of myocardial infarction. A case-control community-based study].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate diet as a risk factor for myocardial infarction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community based case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University Hospital, Oporto.
  
  
  METHODS
  First time consecutive cases of acute myocardial infarction (n = 100) and 198 community controls, older than 39 years and living in Oporto, were compared.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected by trained interviewers using a structured questionnaire designed to obtain information on socio-demographic, medical and behavioural aspects, emphasising the description of diet and food habits (using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire). Controls were selected by random digit dialing with a participation rate of 70%. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) according to quartiles of nutrient ingestion were calculated using unconditional logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Female controls presented significantly higher mean intakes of protein, omega-3 fatty acids, fiber, cholesterol and vitamin C. Male controls had a significantly higher mean daily intake of fiber, vitamin C, vitamin E, and carotenes. After adjusting for age, sex, education, body mass index, ethanol, smoking and total energy intake, there was a protective effect of vitamin C (OR = 0.2, 95% CI: 0.1-0.6, for the 4th quartile), vitamin E (OR = 0.3, 95% CI: 0.1-0.9 for the 4th quartile) and total fiber (OR = 0.3, 95% CI: 0.1-0.9) for the 4th quartile). No significant effect was found for trans-fatty acids, but there was a higher risk with increased energy intake.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that diet has an important independent effect on myocardial infarction, a protective independent role for anti-oxidant vitamin C and E was verified.
authors.affiliation: Serviço de Higiene e Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Medicina do Porto, Hospital de S. João.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Von Hafe
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Fernando
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Maciel
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Barros
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D012307:Risk Factors
vernacular_title: Alimentação e Risco de Enfarte do Miocárdio. Um estudo caso-controlo de base comunitária.