title: The safety and efficacy of Australian tick-borne disease vaccine strains in cattle in Paraguay.
abstract: Glycerol preserved, frozen tick-borne disease vaccine strains developed in Australia were imported into Paraguay to test their safety in pregnant Holando heifers and their efficacy against challenge from inoculated local field strains of Babesia bigemina, B. bovis and Anaplasma marginale in Hereford X Criolla heifers. The two Babesia strains proved to be safe and the B. bovis K strain was very effective in providing immunity to a local field strain of B. bovis. The B. bigemina efficacy trial was inconclusive, possibly due to the avirulent nature of the local field strain used in challenge. The A. centrale strain did not prove to be as safe as would be desirable in safety trials, neither did it provide as good protection as the Babesia strains in the efficacy trial. It was concluded that the Babesia strains provided good protection against field challenge in Paraguay and were safe to use in highly susceptible cattle, however an alternative to A. centrale should be sought to provide protection against local strains of A. marginale.
authors.affiliation: Royal Veterinary College, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, UK.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Brizuela
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Ortellado
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sanabria
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ortigosa
mesh_terms: D000709:Anaplasma / Q000276:immunology; D000712:Anaplasmosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D000818:Animals; D001315:Australia; D001403:Babesia / Q000276:immunology*; D016793:Babesia bovis / Q000276:immunology; D001404:Babesiosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases; D005260:Female; D010239:Paraguay; D011247:Pregnancy; D016052:Protozoan Vaccines; D013983:Tick Control; D017282:Tick-Borne Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D016052:Protozoan Vaccines