title: Cell cycle arrest by Vpr in HIV-1 virions and insensitivity to antiretroviral agents.
abstract: Expression of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) Vpr after productive infection of T cells induces cell cycle arrest in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. In the absence of de novo expression, HIV-1 Vpr packaged into virions still induced cell cycle arrest. Naturally noninfectious virus or virus rendered defective for infection by reverse transcriptase or protease inhibitors were capable of inducing Vpr-mediated cell cycle arrest. These results suggest a model whereby both infectious and noninfectious virions in vivo, such as those surrounding follicular dendritic cells, participate in immune suppression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Medicine, UCLA AIDS Institute, and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Poon
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Grovit-Ferbas
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D016195:G2 Phase / Q000187:drug effects; D016336:Gene Products, vpr / Q000502:physiology*; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D016334:Genes, vpr; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D019469:Indinavir / Q000494:pharmacology; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000821:virology; D019829:Nevirapine / Q000494:pharmacology; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D018800:Thy-1 Antigens / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D014771:Virion / Q000502:physiology; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000494:pharmacology; D054325:vpr Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D016336:Gene Products, vpr; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D018800:Thy-1 Antigens; D054325:vpr Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D015215:Zidovudine; D019469:Indinavir; D019829:Nevirapine