title: Effect of intermittent hepatic pedicle clamping on free radical generation in the rat liver.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intermittent hepatic pedicle clamping is thought to cause less hepatic reperfusion injury compared with continuous clamping. The mechanisms underlying this difference are unknown. We examined the relationship between intermittent ischemia/reperfusion and the production of free radicals using electron spin resonance spectrometry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Alpha-(4-pyridyl 1-oxide)-N-tert-butylnitrone was administered to rats as a spin trap agent. Continuous clamping (15, 30, or 60 minutes) or intermittent clamping (four cycles of 15-minute ischemia and 5 or 15 minutes of reperfusion) of hepatic pedicle was carried out. After reperfusion, free radical production in the liver was measured by an electron spin resonance spectrometer, and the level of hepatic injury was evaluated by measuring liver enzyme.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Longer periods of ischemia increased free radical production after reperfusion. There was no significant increase in free radical production or liver enzymes when the duration of ischemia was 15 minutes. Free radical production and liver damage were significantly less severe in intermittent pedicle clamping than in continuous clamping for 60 minutes, especially when the duration of the reperfusion between four cycles of ischemia was 15 minutes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that intermittent pedicle clamping lessens free radical production when compared with continuous clamping, although many free radicals are produced.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Fukui Medical University, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uchinami
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Muraoka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Horiuchi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tabo
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D003250:Constriction; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism*; D007511:Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D008102:Liver Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides; D011725:Pyridines; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015424:Reperfusion; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005609:Free Radicals; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides; D011725:Pyridines; C043438:alpha-(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-N-tert-butylnitrone; D000410:Alanine Transaminase