title: Ethanol induces apoptosis in cerebellar granule neurons by inhibiting insulin-like growth factor 1 signaling.
abstract: The ability of ethanol to interfere with insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)-mediated cell survival was examined in primary cultured cerebellar granule neurons. Cells underwent apoptosis when switched from medium containing 25 mM K+ to one containing 5 mM K+. IGF-1 protected granule neurons from apoptosis in medium containing 5 mM K+. Ethanol inhibited IGF-1-mediated neuronal survival but did not inhibit IGF-1 receptor binding or the neurotrophic action of elevated K+, and failed to potentiate cell death in the presence of 5 mM K+. Inhibition of neuronal survival by ethanol was not reversed by increasing the concentration of IGF-1. Significant inhibition by ethanol (15-20%) was observed at 1 mM and was half-maximal at 45 mM. The inhibition of IGF-1 protection by ethanol corresponded to a marked reduction in the phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1, the binding of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase), and a block of IGF-1-stimulated PI 3-kinase activity. The neurotrophic response of IGF-1 was also inhibited by the PI 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002, the protein kinase C inhibitor chelerythrine chloride, and the protein kinase A inhibitor KT5720, but unaffected by the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor PD 98059. These data demonstrate that ethanol promotes cell death in cerebellar granule neurons by inhibiting the antiapoptotic action of IGF-1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA.
authors.forename: F X
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rubin
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Rooney
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000166:cytology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1 / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D000431:Ethanol; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1