title: Enhanced expression of anti-apoptotic proteins in human papillomavirus-immortalized and cigarette smoke condensate-transformed human endocervical cells: correlation with resistance to apoptosis induced by DNA damage.
abstract: Apoptosis plays an important role in various biological processes including embryogenesis, differentiation, homeostasis, and oncogenesis. We have developed a system composed of primary human endocervical cells (HEN), HEN immortalized by human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16, and their counterparts subsequently malignantly transformed by cigarette smoke condensate (CSC). To understand the role of apoptosis in the multistep oncogenesis of human cervical cells, we examined the expression of apoptosis-associated proteins in our in vitro model system. The results showed no significant difference in the levels of apoptosis-inducing proteins bak and bax among all the cell types examined. On the other hand, the levels of apoptosis-inhibiting proteins bcl-2, bcl-xL and BAG-1 increased progressively after immortalization and transformation. The p53 protein level decreased in the HPV16-immortalized HEN and increased in one of two lines of the CSC-transformed HEN. Further, the increased levels of apoptosis-inhibiting proteins in the HPV16-immortalized and the CSC-transformed HEN correlated with progressively increased resistance of these cells to apoptosis induced by staurosporine or cisplatin. This study provided the first evidence that overexpression of apoptosis-inhibiting proteins is important for both multistep oncogenesis and resistance of human endocervical cells to apoptosis induced by DNA-damaging reagents.
authors.affiliation: Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Pater
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pater
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002472:Cell Transformation, Viral; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004249:DNA Damage; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D027383:Papillomaviridae; D010947:Plants, Toxic; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012906:Smoke; D019311:Staurosporine / Q000494:pharmacology; D014026:Nicotiana; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D051020:bcl-X Protein
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C091732:BCL2-associated athanogene 1 protein; C494811:BCL2L1 protein, human; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D012906:Smoke; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D051020:bcl-X Protein; D019311:Staurosporine; D002945:Cisplatin