title: Comparison of measured and predicted energy expenditure in mechanically ventilated children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the energy requirements in mechanically ventilated pediatric patients using indirect calorimetry and to compare the results with the predicted metabolic rate.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 50 mechanically ventilated children with a moderate severity of illness, energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry. Daily caloric intake was recorded for all patients. Total urinary nitrogen excretion was determined in 31 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although there was a close correlation between the measured total energy expenditure (mTEE) and the predicted basal metabolic rate (pBMR) (r = 0.93, p < 0.001), Bland-Altman analysis showed lack of agreement between individual mTEE and pBMR values. The ratio of caloric intake/mTEE was significantly higher in the patients with a positive nitrogen balance (1.4 +/- 0.07) compared with those with a negative nitrogen balance (0.8 +/- 0.1; p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Standard prediction equations are not appropriate to calculate the energy needs of critically ill, mechanically ventilated children. Individual measurements of energy expenditure and respiratory quotient by means of indirect calorimetry in combination with nitrogen balance are necessary for matching adequate nutritional support.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Sophia Children's Hospital, University Hospital Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Verhoeven
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hazelzet
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van der Voort
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Joosten
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001481:Basal Metabolism; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002149:Energy Intake; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000652:urine; D011379:Prognosis; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D009584:Nitrogen