Functional magnetic stimulation of the respiratory muscles in dogs.
This study assessed the ability of functional magnetic stimulation (FMS) to activate the respiratory muscles in dogs. With the animal supine, FMS of the phrenic nerves using a high-speed magnetic stimulator was performed by placing a round magnetic coil (MC) at the carotid triangle. Following hyperventilation-induced apnea, changes in volume (deltaV) and airway pressure (deltaP) against an occluded airway were determined. FMS of the phrenic nerves produced substantial inspired function (deltaV = 373 +/- 20.5 mL and deltaP = -20 +/- 2.0 cm H2O). After bilateral phrenectomies, maximal inspired deltaV (219 +/- 12.2 mL) and deltaP (-10 +/- 1.0 cm H2O) were produced when the MC was placed near the C6-C7 spinous processes, while maximal expired deltaV (-199 +/- 22.5 mL) and deltaP (11 +/- 2.3 cm H2O) were produced following stimulation near the T9-T10 spinous processes. We conclude: (1) FMS of either the phrenic or upper intercostal nerves results in inspired volume production; (2) FMS of the lower intercostal nerves generates expired volume production; and (3) FMS of the respiratory muscles may be a useful noninvasive tool for artificial ventilation and assisted cough in patients with spinal cord injuries or other neurological disorders.
Lin
V W
VW
Spinal Cord Injury Service, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, California 94304, USA.
Romaniuk
J R
JR
DiMarco
A F
AF
D000818:Animals; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology*; D004285:Dogs; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000502:physiology; D007366:Intercostal Muscles / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology*; D007367:Intercostal Nerves / Q000502:physiology*; D008176:Lung Volume Measurements; D008280:Magnetics; D009121:Muscle Denervation; D009431:Neural Conduction / Q000502:physiology; D010791:Phrenic Nerve / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery; D012119:Respiration / Q000502:physiology