title: Anaesthetic induction time for tracheal intubation using sevoflurane or halothane in children.
abstract: The current study was designed to determine the anaesthetic induction time required for tracheal intubation (TimeEI) with equipotent inspired concentrations of 5% sevoflurane and 2.5% halothane in oxygen. TimeEI that prevents 50% and 95% of patients from coughing and gross purposeful muscular movements after intubation was defined as TimeEI50 and TimeEI95, respectively. Thirty-six patients aged 1-7 years were enrolled in the study. Anaesthesia was induced via mask and when TimeEI attained a predetermined value, intubation was performed using an uncuffed tube. Each TimeEI at which tracheal intubation was attempted was predetermined according to the up-and-down method. When intubation was accomplished without gross purposeful muscular movements, it was considered a smooth intubation. Determination with this method revealed that TimeEI50 and TimeEI95 for the sevoflurane/halothane groups were 147/214 s and 194/255 s, respectively. In conclusion, it is possible to determine TimeEI using an inspired sevoflurane concentration of 5% and halothane 2.5% in oxygen. The technique with 5% sevoflurane seems more practical for paediatric anaesthesia induction in busy clinical situations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inomata
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toyooka
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yaguchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taguchi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sato
mesh_terms: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006221:Halothane; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D009068:Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D006221:Halothane