title: Electrolyte concentration in skeletal muscles and plasma of rats during and after exposure to hypokinesia and hyperhydration.
abstract: The objective of this investigation was to determine electrolyte concentration in skeletal muscles and plasma of rats during 90 days of hypokinesia (decreased motor activity) and 15 days of posthypokinesia. The animals were divided into three groups: 1) supplemented hypokinetic rats (SHR), i.e., rats subjected to hypokinesia and taking daily an additional 9 ml water per 100 g body weight plus 6 ml isotonic sodium chloride per 100 g body weight; 2) unsupplemented hypokinetic rats (UHR), i.e., rats subjected to hypokinesia; 3) vivarium control rats (VCR), i.e., rats placed under ordinary vivarium conditions. Hypokinesia was effected by keeping SHR and UHR animals in small individual cages that restricted their movements in all directions without hindering food and water intake. Determinations were made of water and electrolyte (sodium potassium, calcium, magnesium) concentrations in muscle tissue; concentration of electrolytes (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, chloride) in plasma; body weight; fluid consumed and eliminated in urine; whole blood, red blood cell and plasma volumes; hematocrit content and plasma protein concentration. During the hypokinetic period, electrolytes and water concentration in muscle tissue and plasma electrolyte concentration changes significantly in the UHR when compared with SHR and VCR while in comparing the SHR with the VCR these same variables had no significant changes. Body weight, water balance, volume of blood, red blood cell and plasma, hematocrit and plasma protein concentration in the UHR were also significantly different when compared with the VCR. No significant difference was seen in these parameters when the SHR and VCR were compared. During the initial seven days of the posthypokinetic period the changes in these same parameters remained significantly different in the UHR when compared with the SHR and VCR while changes were insignificant when the SHR and the VCR were compared. It was concluded that daily hyperhydration may be used to attenuate or normalize water and electrolyte concentrations in muscles and plasma of rats subjected to prolonged restriction of motor activity.
authors.affiliation: Hypokinetic Physiology Laboratory, European Institute of Environmental Cybernetics, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Y G
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Zorbas
authors.forename: Y Y
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Yaroshenko
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Kuznetsov
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Madvedev
authors.forename: Y F
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Federenko
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D004032:Diet; D004326:Drinking / Q000502:physiology; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D006400:Hematocrit; D018476:Hypokinesia / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012149:Restraint, Physical; D014869:Water Intoxication / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D004573:Electrolytes