title: The effect of the urban ambient air pollution mix on daily mortality rates in 11 Canadian cities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Determine the risk of premature mortality due to the urban ambient air pollution mix in Canada.
  
  
  METHODS
  The number of daily deaths for non-accidental causes were obtained in 11 cities from 1980 to 1991 and linked to concentrations of ambient gaseous air pollutants using relative risk regression models for longitudinal count data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nitrogen dioxide had the largest effect on mortality with a 4.1% increased risk (p < 0.01), followed by ozone at 1.8% (p < 0.01), sulphur dioxide at 1.4% (p < 0.01), and carbon monoxide at 0.9% (p = 0.04) in multiple pollutant regression models. A 0.4% reduction in premature mortality was attributed to achieving a sulphur content of gasoline of 30 ppm in five Canadian cities, a risk reduction 12 times greater than previously reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ambient air pollution generated from the burning of fossil fuels is a risk factor for premature mortality in 11 Canadian cities.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Health Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON. rickvburnett@hc-sc.gc.ca
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Burnett
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cakmak
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Brook
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis*; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D009026:Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D010126:Ozone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D012044:Regression Analysis; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide; D010126:Ozone; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide