title: Recurrent hepatitis C virus infection after liver transplantation: immunohistochemical assessment of the viral antigen.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The value of immunohistochemical methods to identify hepatitis C virus antigen (HCVAg) in liver tissue has not been established. We have evaluated the significance of HCVAg expression in livers of patients with transplants and recurrent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two liver biopsy specimens from 32 liver-transplant recipients with recurrent HCV infection were tested for HCVAg using fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled polyclonal, polyreactive human immunoglobulin. Histologic assessment of liver and quantitation of HCV RNA in sera were carried out in specimens obtained simultaneously with biopsies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HCVAg was found in 33% of the liver specimens obtained during the first month after transplantation and in all liver specimens obtained between 1 and 18 months after transplantation. Amounts of the antigen were significantly greater in specimens obtained more than 1 month after transplantation. A statistically significant increase of the average HCV RNA level in serum was observed in samples tested after the first month after the transplantation, and some decrease in the HCV RNA level was found in those obtained between 6 and 18 months after transplantation. Larger amounts of HCVAg were observed in specimens corresponding to episodes of acute or chronic hepatitis than in those associated with minimal parenchymal evidence of rejection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OBSERVATIONS of HCVAg expression in liver biopsy specimens indicated that the presence of viral antigens in hepatocytes is a constant finding in specimens obtained 1 month or longer after transplantation. Although large amounts of HCVAg correlated with acute or chronic hepatitis, the nature of this association with the development of pathologic changes remains to be established.
authors.affiliation: Liver Unit, Hospital General Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vargas
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Krawczynski
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Castells
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Esteban
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Allende
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Esteban
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guardia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D018936:Hepatitis C Antigens / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008099:Liver / Q000821:virology; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D018936:Hepatitis C Antigens; D012367:RNA, Viral