title: [Endovascular treatment of dural arteriovenous fistulas with medullary venous drainage. Experience with 18 patients].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors report a series of 18 patients with myelopathy who were diagnosed of dural arteriovenous fistulas with venous medullary drainage (DFVMd). Purpose was to assess the effectiveness, initial and long term, of embolization, as the initial treatment, using polyvinyl alcohol particles (PVA) and liquid adhesives. N-butyl-cyanoacrylate (NBCA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Magnetic resonance images were obtained in all patients showing spinal cord tissue changes consistent with an isquemic process secondary to venous hypertension. All 18 patients showed initially an improvement in clinical symptoms, demonstrating previous MR images resolution.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The neurological status of 8 patients subsequently deteriorated with angiographically proven recurrences of their DFVMd. These patients underwent a second successful embolization procedure using NBVA. PVA embolization is long term ineffective and is not without risk. Endovascular treatment is less invasive than surgery, its morbidity is less, and it ensures earlier recovery for the patients. If embolization has failed, surgery can still be done.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We recommend that NBVA embolization be the initial treatment of choice for DFVMd if referring the patient to an experienced interventional Neuroradiology unit is available. Careful clinical and neurologic examination is necessary to establish the diagnosis of DFVMd. Finally, we strongly recommend that patients be followed closely and aggressively. Periodic clinical and radiologic assessments, including MR and spinal angiography, are essential to achieve complete cure.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neurologia, Hospital Juan Canalejo, La Coruña, España.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marey
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pego
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: López-Facal
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Díaz-Valiño
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000792:Angiography; D001164:Arteriovenous Fistula / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D004322:Drainage / Q000379:methods*; D004388:Dura Mater / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D014690:Venous Pressure
vernacular_title: Tratamiento endovascular de fístulas arteriovenosas durales con drenaje venoso medular. Experiencia en 18 pacientes.