title: Ventral abdominal approach for laparoscopic ovariectomy in llamas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate a technique for laparoscopic ovariectomy by a ventral abdominal approach in the llama.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective evaluation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six healthy adult female llamas, aged 2 to 6 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laparoscopic ovariectomy was performed with the llamas in a 30-degree Trendelenburg position. The mesovarium and proper ligament of the ovary were isolated, and two Hulka clips were placed in opposite directions across each mesovarium and proper ligament of the ovary. Ovaries were removed through either the instrument cannula or instrument portal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ovaries, mesovarium, and proper ligaments of the ovaries were easily identified using laparoscopy by a ventral abdominal approach. The Hulka Clip Applicator was easy to use, and the Hulka Clips provided secure hemostasis of the vessels within the mesovarium. Mean duration of surgery was 35 minutes (range, 17 to 85 minutes). Two llamas were depressed after surgery but improved within 24 hours. No other complications occurred during an 18-month follow-up period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic ovariectomy in the llama was facilitated by the use of Hulka Clips placed across the mesovarium and proper ligament of the ovary.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic ovariectomy in the llama can be accomplished easily with few complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Surgery and Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL 36849-5522, USA.
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Rodgerson
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Baird
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Pugh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002161:Camelids, New World / Q000601:surgery*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018475:Head-Down Tilt; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000662:veterinary; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000662:veterinary*; D010052:Ovariectomy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000662:veterinary; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013525:Surgical Instruments / Q000662:veterinary