title: Establishment of total cavopulmonary connection without use of cardiopulmonary bypass.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To minimize deleterious postoperative influences of cardiopulmonary bypass on the pulmonary circulation immediately after the Fontan type procedure, total cavopulmonary connection was achieved without use of cardiopulmonary bypass.
  
  
  METHODS
  Since April 1996, 15 patients including five patients with visceral heterotaxy, in whom no intracardiac procedure was needed, have undergone this operative maneuver. Age at operation ranged from 1.2 to 44.6 years. Construction of a systemic to pulmonary shunt had been previously employed in seven patients, banding of the pulmonary trunk in two patients, and the Norwood procedure in one patient. The superior caval vein was initially anastomosed to the pulmonary arteries in bidirectional fashion under temporary bypass from the superior caval vein to the atrium. The channel for draining the inferior caval vein was subsequently constructed with the aid of temporary bypass from the inferior caval vein to the atrium, using a Goretex tube in ten patients, using a pedicled autologous pericardial roll in four patients, and directly anastomosing the pulmonary trunk to the orifice of the inferior caval vein in one patient. In patients with visceral heterotaxy and an independent hepatic venous drainage, redirection of the blood flow via the caval vein as well as the hepatic vein could be successfully achieved by placing dual temporary bypasses into these veins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postoperative courses were excellent in all patients. Superior caval venous pressure was 11 +/- 2 mmHg at 12 h after the operation. No blood transfusion was needed in nine patients(60%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This alternative operative procedure is undoubtedly attractive when establishing the Fontan circulation in patients undergoing no intracardiac maneuvers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uemura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yagihara
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishizaka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshizumi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawahira
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018729:Fontan Procedure; D018610:Heart Bypass, Right / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D010166:Palliative Care; D012086:Reoperation