title: [Immunohistochemical analysis of expression of angiogenic factors and tumor angiogenesis in superficial bladder cancer].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated expression of angiogenic factors, tumor vessel density and recurrence in superficial bladder cancer by immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourty tumor specimens from bladder preserving operation and 11 normal epithelia were stained for factor VIII-related antigen, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF). Maximum vessel density (MVD) was counted in a 200x field in the highest vascularized area stained for factor VIII. Superimposing a 4 x 4 square ocular grid on the boundary between epithelium and interstitium, average vessel density (AVD) and vascular surface density (VSD) were calculated by dividing the vessel number in the grid and the intersection number of vessel walls on the lattice lines by the area of interstitium calculated from the number of the gird cross points, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Positive rates of VEGF, bFGF and aFGF by immunohistochemistry were 50%, 23% and 43% in the superficial bladder cancer, respectively. The positive rate of VEGF staining was higher in G2-3 tumors than in G1 tumors. All normal epithelia, except one which was positive for aFGF, was negative for those three factors. T1 tumors had a higher MVD than that of Ta. AVD and VSD of the tumor were higher than those of normal epithelium, but negative correlation between the number of positive angiogenic factors and the vessel density was revealed. The recurrence group had a lower vessel density and a higher ratio of VSD/AVD than those of the non-recurrence group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that the expression of VEGF, bFGF and aFGF was not reflected by the tumor angiogenesis, the angiogenesis is required topically at the invasive front of the superficial bladder cancer, and the tumor which had fewer and broader tumor vessels has a high tendency to recur.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Akita University.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ogura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Enomoto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D016220:Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D008222:Lymphokines; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D016220:Fibroblast Growth Factor 1