title: Aspirin inhibition and acetylation of the plant cytochrome P450, allene oxide synthase, resembles that of animal prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthase.
abstract: The enzymatic reactions leading to octadecanoid lipid signaling intermediates in plants are similar to those of animals and are inhibited by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as salicylic acid and aspirin. In animals, NSAIDs inhibit the cyclooxygenase (COX) activity of prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthase, which ultimately blocks the formation of prostaglandins. In plants, NSAIDs block the formation of 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid and jasmonates, which are the equivalent signaling compounds. In this study we show that NSAIDs act as competitive inhibitors of allene oxide synthase (AOS), the cytochrome P450 that initiates plant oxylipin synthesis. We also show that aspirin causes the time-dependent inhibition and acetylation of AOS, which leads the irreversible inactivation of this enzyme. This inhibition and acetylation superficially resembles that observed for the inactivation of COX in animals. In AOS, aspirin acetylates three serine residues near the C-terminal region that appear to be highly conserved among AOS sequences from other plants but are not conserved among "classical" type P450s. The role of these serine residues is unclear. Unlike animal COX, where acetylation of a single serine residue within the substrate channel leads to inactivation of prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthase, the three serine residues in AOS are not thought to line the putative substrate channel. Thus, inhibition by aspirin may be by a different mechanism. It is possible that aspirin and related NSAIDs could inhibit other P450s that have motifs similar to AOS and consequently serve as potential biochemical targets for this class of drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1601, USA.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Camara
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Backhaus
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001241:Aspirin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D016384:Consensus Sequence; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004926:Escherichia coli; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D008956:Models, Chemical; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism*; D016415:Sequence Alignment
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; C021377:hydroperoxide isomerase; D001241:Aspirin