title: Treatment of type I spinal muscular atrophy with noninvasive ventilation and gastrostomy feeding.
abstract: Type I spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rapidly progressive, degenerative neuromuscular disease of infancy. In severe SMA, weakness, hypotonia, and bulbar involvement lead to progressive respiratory insufficiency and swallowing dysfunction, which are frequently complicated by aspirations. There are few studies reported in the literature that address the respiratory management of type I SMA. This article reports the results of treating four patients with infantile SMA with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation and gastrostomy feeding. All patients had gastroesophageal reflux disease, which was managed medically. Despite these therapies, survival was only 1 to 3.5 months after presenting with severe aspirations. The treatment strategy, which can be effective in less rapidly progressive neuromuscular diseases, did not alter the very poor prognosis of type I SMA. The treatment options are reviewed, and a strategy designed to optimize quality of life for infants with this fatal disease is presented.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44109, USA.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Birnkrant
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Pope
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Repucci
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Eiben
mesh_terms: D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D004750:Enteral Nutrition / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D005774:Gastrostomy; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007385:Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D008297:Male; D018447:Medical Futility; D011015:Pneumonia, Aspiration / Q000517:prevention & control; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D014897:Spinal Muscular Atrophies of Childhood / Q000150:complications*