title: Prevalence of papillomavirus, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus type 2 in urinary bladder cancer.
abstract: Recent epidemiological studies suggest that the risk for urological malignancies may be related to the exposure to infectious agents. Human Papillomaviruses type 16 and 18 (HPV 16, HPV 18), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) have been suggested previously as cofactors in the pathogenesis of some malignancies in humans. The present paper, the presence of HPV 16, HPV 18, EBV, CMV and HSV-2 genomes was investigated in a panel of 35 biopsies from urinary bladder carcinomas using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sequences of EBV, HPV, CMV and HSV-2 genomes were detected in 34%, 31%, 11% and 9% of tissue samples respectively, while in 20% of patients we found more than one viral infection. Absence of viral genomes was found in normal bladder. To our knowledge, this is the first report concerning the association of EBV, CMV and HSV-2 with bladder cancer. This finding may raise the question whether such viral infection may contribute to development and progression of some types of urological malignancies in humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine and Pathology, University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gazzaniga
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vercillo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gradilone
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Silvestri
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gandini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Napolitano
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Giuliani
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fioravanti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gallucci
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Aglianò
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006564:Herpesviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006566:Herpesviridae Infections / Q000150:complications*; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000150:complications*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral