title: Randomised placebo-controlled trial of human recombinant insulin-like growth factor I plus intensive insulin therapy in adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Good glycaemic control in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) to prevent complications may be difficult to achieve during adolescence, because abnormalities in production of growth hormone or insulin-like growth-factor-I (IGF-I) can lead to lower insulin sensitivity. Recombinant human IGF-I (rhIGF-I) given as an adjunct to insulin therapy in IDDM, might improve glycaemic control in adolescents; we investigated the effects of the addition of IGF-I in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  53 patients with IDDM (26 male, 27 female) with a median age of 16.1 years (range 10.8-20.6) and diabetes of more than 2 years' duration were randomly assigned subcutaneous rhIGF-I (20 or 40 microg/kg daily [n=18, n=18, respectively]) or placebo (n=17), both in addition to multiple-injection insulin therapy for 24 weeks. The primary endpoint, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and routine biochemistry were measured every 4 weeks. Retinal photographs and glomerular-filtration rates were assessed at base line and at the end of the study. Data were analysed by intention to treat.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With a dose of 40 microg/kg rhIGF-I daily, we found significant reductions in HbA1c compared with placebo (p=0.03), without changes in body-mass index, rate of hypoglycaemia, insulin dose, or circulating concentrations of IGF-binding proteins 1 and 3. The greatest median change in HbA1c of -0.6% (range -2.8 to -1.5%) was seen with rhIGF-I 40 microg/kg at week 12, but was not sustained at week 24. The greatest reductions in HbA1c at week 24 were seen among patients with the greatest changes in IGF-I concentrations (r=-0442, p=0.002). Retinal photographs, renal function (glomerular filtration rate and urinary albumin excretion), and routine biochemistry showed no adverse events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data confirm that rhIGF-I as an adjunct to insulin therapy can improve HbA1c values in adolescents with IDDM without overt toxic effects, but they raise questions about whether these effects can be sustained in cases of poor compliance or reduced bioefficacy.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Paediatrics, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Acerini
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Patton
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Savage
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kernell
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Westphal
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Dunger
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000517:prevention & control; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D011994:Recombinant Proteins