title: Double-evoked otoacoustic emissions. II. Intermittent noise rejection, calibration and ear-canal measurements.
abstract: Measurements of double-click-evoked otoacoustics emissions (2CEOAEs) and double-chirp distortion products (2ChDPs) are reported for normal-hearing adults based upon theory presented in an earlier report [Keefe, J. Acoust, Soc. Am. 103, 3489-3498 (1998)]. The nonlinear acoustic response of a probe assembly used in ear-canal measurements in tested in a calibration cavity to compare the double-evoked (2E) technique with existing OAE techniques. The 2E technique reduces the peak distortion by approximately 30 dB relative to existing click-evoked techniques. The 2E subtraction of click responses is partially analogous to current techniques in that the linear response is eliminated, but differs in that high-frequency measurements are improved by eliminating time gating of the cochlear response, and low-frequency measurements are improved by reducing probe distortion, especially when two acoustic sources are used. Because time gating is eliminated, it is straightforward to measure the onset of a click-evoked OAE. The nonlinear coherence function is used to measure the nonlinear distortion signal-to-noise ratio (DNR) for the 2ChDPs and 2CEOAEs. The DNR is typically 20-30 dB. An intermittent noise rejection technique is implemented in real time that compares a currently acquired ear-canal response with a stored response. Dissimilar responses indicate the presence of intermittent noise, and the noise-contaminated responses are thereby discarded before ensemble averaging.
authors.affiliation: Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, Nebraska 68131, USA.
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Keefe
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ling
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000328:Adult; D002138:Calibration; D004424:Ear Canal / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009622:Noise; D013997:Time Factors