title: EPR and DNP properties of certain novel single electron contrast agents intended for oximetric imaging.
abstract: Parameters of relevance to oximetry with Overhauser magnetic resonance imaging (OMRI) have been measured for three single electron contrast agents of the triphenylmethyl type. The single electron contrast agents are stable and water soluble. Magnetic resonance properties of the agents have been examined with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) at 9.5 mT in water, isotonic saline, plasma, and blood at 23 and 37 degreesC. The relaxivities of the agents are about 0.2-0.4 mM-1s-1 and the DNP enhancements extrapolate close to the dipolar limit. The agents have a single, narrow EPR line, which is analyzed as a Voigt function. The linewidth is measured as a function of the agent concentration and the oxygen concentration. The concentration broadenings are about 1-3 microT/mM and the Lorentzian linewidths at infinite dilution are less than 1 microT in water at room temperature. The longitudinal electron spin relaxation rate is calculated from the DNP enhancement curves. The oxygen broadening in water is about 50 microT/mM O2 at 37 degreesC. These agents have good properties for oximetry with OMRI.
authors.affiliation: Nycomed Innovation AB, Ideon Malmö, Malmö, S-20512, Sweden. jhal@nycomedin.ideon.se
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ardenkjaer-Larsen
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Laursen
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Leunbach
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ehnholm
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Wistrand
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Petersson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Golman
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000737:chemistry*; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D004583:Electrons; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D016014:Linear Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008956:Models, Chemical; D010092:Oximetry; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D010949:Plasma; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D012995:Solubility; D013696:Temperature; D014320:Triphenylmethyl Compounds / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D014320:Triphenylmethyl Compounds; D014867:Water; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D010100:Oxygen