title: In vivo and in vitro action of endothelin-1 on goat cerebrovascular bed.
abstract: This study concerned the effects and mechanisms of action of endothelin-1 on the cerebral circulation. Cerebral blood flow was electromagnetically measured in awake goats. Endothelin-1 (0.01-0.3 nmol) produced dose-dependent decreases in this flow (maximal reduction = 34%) and increases in cerebrovascular resistance (maximal increase = 74%) (P < 0.01). IRL 1620 (Suc-[Glu9, Ala11,15]endothelin-1-(8-21), agonist for endothelin ET(B) receptors, 0.01-0.3 nmol) slightly decreased cerebral blood flow. The effects of endothelin-1, but not those of IRL 1620, on cerebral blood flow were diminished by 50% during infusion of the antagonist for endothelin ET(A) receptors, BQ-123 (cyclo-(D-Asp-Pro-D-Val-Leu-Trp), 2 nmol min(-1)), but not affected during infusion of the antagonist for endothelin ET(B) receptors, BQ-788 (N-[N-[N-[(2,6-dimethyl-1-piperidinyl)carbonyl]-4-methyl-L-Leucyl-1-(met hoxycarbonyl)-D-tryptophyl]-Dnorleucine monosodium), 2 nmol min(-1)). Intravenous administration of NW-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 47 mg kg(-1)) or NW-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, 47 mg kg(-1)) reduced basal cerebral blood flow by 39 and 33%, increased cerebrovascular resistance by 108 and 98% and mean arterial pressure by 23 and 17%, and decreased heart rate by 27 and 25%, respectively (all at least P < 0.05). The increases in cerebrovascular resistance (as absolute values) induced by endothelin-1 were not affected during either L-NAME or L-NNA (as absolute values and percentages). Intravenous administration of meclofenamate (5 mg kg(-1)) did not change the cerebrovascular effects of endothelin-1 and IRL 1620. In isolated goat cerebral arteries under control, resting conditions, endothelin-1 (10(-11)-10(-7) M) induced concentration-dependent contractions (EC50 = 4.78 X 10(-9) M; maximal contraction = 3177+/-129 mg), whereas IRL 1620 (10(-11)-10(-7) M) produced no effect. This contraction produced by endothelin-1 was competitively blocked by BQ-123 (10(-7)-3 X 10(-6) M), and was not affected by BQ-788 (10(-6) and 10(-5) M). L-NAME (10(-4) M), meclofenamate (10(-5) M), indomethacin (10(-5) M), L-NAME (10(-4) M) plus meclofenamate (10(-5) M) and phosphoramidon (10(-4) M) did not affect the contraction in response to endothelin-1. Endothelium removal increased the response to endothelin-1, as well as the BQ-123 antagonism against endothelin-1 (pA2 values, 7.62 vs. 6.88; P < 0.01). In both intact and de-endothelized arteries precontracted with prostaglandin F2alpha endothelin-1 induced a further contraction, and IRL 1620 caused no effect. These results suggest that: (1) endothelin-1 produces cerebral vasoconstriction by activating endothelin ET(A) receptors probably located in smooth muscle; (2) endothelin ET(B) receptors, nitric oxide and prostanoids might be not involved in the cerebrovascular action of endothelin-1, and (3) endothelium removal may increase cerebrovascular reactivity by increasing sensitivity of endothelin ET(A) receptors to endothelin-1.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma Arzobispo Morcillo 2, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Monge
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: García-Villalón
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gómez
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Diéguez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016232:Endothelins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D006041:Goats; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008469:Meclofenamic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D019335:Nitroarginine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D010880:Piperidines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin / Q000187:drug effects*; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D019332:Endothelin-1; D016232:Endothelins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009842:Oligopeptides; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D010880:Piperidines; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin; C074308:sovateltide; D019335:Nitroarginine; C086539:BQ 788; D008469:Meclofenamic Acid; C072247:cyclo(Trp-Asp-Pro-Val-Leu); D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester