title: Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I)-stimulated pancreatic beta-cell growth is glucose-dependent. Synergistic activation of insulin receptor substrate-mediated signal transduction pathways by glucose and IGF-I in INS-1 cells.
abstract: Nutrients and certain growth factors stimulate pancreatic beta-cell mitogenesis, however, the appropriate mitogenic signal transduction pathways have not been defined. In the glucose-sensitive pancreatic beta-cell line, INS-1, it was found that glucose (6-18 mM) independently increased INS-1 cell proliferation (>20-fold at 15 mM glucose). Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I)-induced INS-1 cell proliferation was glucose-dependent only in the physiologically relevant concentration range (6-18 mM glucose). The combination of IGF-I and glucose was synergistic, increasing INS-1 cell proliferation >50-fold at 15 mM glucose + 10 nM IGF-I. Glucose metabolism and phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI 3'-kinase) activation were necessary for both glucose and IGF-I-stimulated INS-1 cell proliferation. IGF-I and 15 mM glucose increased tyrosine phosphorylation mediated recruitment of Grb2/mSOS and PI 3'-kinase to IRS-2 and pp60. Glucose and IGF-I also induced Shc association with Grb2/mSOS. Glucose (3-18 mM) and IGF-I, independently of glucose, activated mitogen-activated protein kinase but this did not correlate with IGF-I-induced beta-cell proliferation. In contrast, p70(S6K) was activated with increasing glucose concentration (between 6 and 18 mM), and potentiated by IGF-I in the same glucose concentration range which correlated with INS-1 cell proliferation rate. Thus, glucose and IGF-I-induced beta-cell proliferation were mediated via a signaling mechanism that was facilitated by mitogen-activated protein kinase but dependent on IRS-mediated induction of PI 3'-kinase activity and downstream activation of p70(S6K). The glucose dependence of IGF-I mediated INS-1 cell proliferation emphasizes beta-cell signaling mechanisms are rather unique in being tightly linked to glycolytic metabolic flux.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Gifford Laboratories for Diabetes Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75235-8854, USA.
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Hügl
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Rhodes
mesh_terms: D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C072216:TRS1 protein, Human herpesvirus 5; D014764:Viral Proteins; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D005947:Glucose