title: Dopamine D1 stimulation of Na+,K+,Cl- cotransport in human NPE cells: effects of multiple hormones.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of dopamine on Na+,K+,Cl- cotransport in human ciliary nonpigmented epithelial (NPE) cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors used 86Rb+ as a marker for K+ to study ouabain-insensitive, bumetanide-sensitive 86Rb+ uptake in cultured fetal human NPE monolayers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Na+,K+,Cl- cotransport was stimulated 1.63-fold by 10 microM dopamine. Stimulation was dose dependent, with a maximum stimulation occurring at 10 microM dopamine and an EC50 of 0.5 microM. NaK-ATPase (measured as ouabain-sensitive, bumetanide-insensitive 86Rb+ uptake) and bumetanide-insensitive, ouabain-insensitive 86Rb+ uptake were not affected by dopamine. The D1-receptor-specific antagonist, SCH23390, inhibited stimulation by 10 microM dopamine more than 90% at 1 microM, with an IC50 of 4 nM, whereas the D2-receptor-specific antagonist, sulpiride, was over 250 times less effective. Similarly, a D1 agonist, SKF81297, was more potent than the D2 agonist bromocriptine in stimulation of Na+,K+,Cl- cotransport. The beta-adrenergic antagonists timolol and propranolol did not significantly inhibit stimulation of Na+,K+,Cl- cotransport by dopamine. Conversely, SCH23390, showed minimal inhibition of isoproterenol stimulation of Na+,K+,Cl- cotransport. Stimulation by maximally stimulating concentrations of isoproterenol and dopamine were not additive, but were similar to stimulation by 1 microM forskolin, suggesting that adenylyl cyclase may be close to maximally activated by either catecholamine. In vivo concentrations (stimulation approximately 25% over control) of dopamine, isoproterenol, and norepinephrine added together stimulated Na+,K+,Cl- cotransport 80% to 89% of stimulation by maximal concentrations of these drugs. The protein kinase A inhibitor N-[2-p-bromocinnamylaminoethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide (H-89) blocked dopamine stimulation of Na+,K+,Cl- cotransport by more than 75%, whereas phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a protein kinase C activator, given with 10 microM dopamine inhibited Na+,K+,Cl- cotransport by 75% to 80%, similarly to inhibition by PMA given alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dopamine stimulates Na+,K+,Cl- cotransport in NPE through dopamine-D1-type receptors and activation of protein kinase A. Beta-adrenergic receptors do not appear to play a role. Inhibition of Na+,K+,Cl- cotransport by protein kinase C is dominant over stimulation of Na+,K+,Cl- cotransport through the cyclic adenosine monophosphate pathway.
authors.affiliation: Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco 94143, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Riese
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Beyer
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Lui
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Crook
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002712:Chlorides / Q000378:metabolism*; D002924:Ciliary Body / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D004298:Dopamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D010857:Pigment Epithelium of Eye / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism*; D028021:Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D002712:Chlorides; D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1; D028021:Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters; D012964:Sodium; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D011188:Potassium; D004298:Dopamine