The protein component of Bacillus subtilis ribonuclease P increases catalytic efficiency by enhancing interactions with the 5' leader sequence of pre-tRNAAsp.
Ribonuclease P (RNase P) is a ribonucleoprotein complex that catalyzes the formation of the mature 5' end of tRNA. To investigate the role of the protein component in enhancing the affinity of Bacillus subtilis RNase P for substrate (Kurz, J. C., Niranjanakumari, S., Fierke, C. A. (1998) Biochemistry 37, 2393), the kinetics and thermodynamics of binding and cleavage were analyzed for pre-tRNAAsp substrates containing 5' leader sequences of varying lengths (1-33 nucleotides). These data demonstrate that the cleavage rate constant catalyzed by the holoenzyme is not dependent on the leader length; however, the association rate constant for substrate binding to holoenzyme increases as the length of the leader increases, and this is reflected in enhanced substrate affinity of up to 4 kcal/mol. In particular, the protein component of RNase P stabilizes interactions with nucleotides at -2 and -5 in the 5' leader sequence of the pre-tRNA substrate. A 1 nucleotide leader decreases substrate affinity >/=15-fold compared to tRNAAsp due to ground-state destabilization of the enzyme-substrate complex. This destabilization is overcome by increasing the length of the leader to 2 nucleotides due to P RNA-pre-tRNA contacts that are stabilized by the P protein. The affinity of RNase P holoenzyme (but not RNA alone) for pre-tRNAAsp is further enhanced with a substrate containing a 5 nucleotide leader. These data indicate that novel direct or indirect interactions occur between the 5' leader sequence of pre-tRNAAsp and the protein component of RNase P.
Crary
S M
SM
Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
Niranjanakumari
S
S
Fierke
C A
CA
D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000201:enzymology*; D001665:Binding Sites; D002384:Catalysis; D003067:Coenzymes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004722:Endoribonucleases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007700:Kinetics; D012322:RNA Precursors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D016337:RNA, Catalytic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D012349:RNA, Transfer, Asp / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D043262:Ribonuclease P; D012261:Ribonucleoproteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D013816:Thermodynamics
D003067:Coenzymes; D012322:RNA Precursors; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D016337:RNA, Catalytic; D012349:RNA, Transfer, Asp; D012261:Ribonucleoproteins; D004722:Endoribonucleases; D043262:Ribonuclease P