title: Catecholamines and lipopolysaccharide synergistically induce the release of interleukin-6 from thymic epithelial cells.
abstract: The thymus as the major site of T-cell development is exposed to circulating hormones as well as to neurotransmitters released from peripheral nerves. We investigated the influence of catecholamines on the synthesis of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-6 by cultured rat thymic epithelial cells. Basal or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated production of IL-1 was not affected by catecholamines. Release of IL-6 was stimulated only scarcely by catecholamines or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and moderately by LPS alone. However, co-stimulation with adrenaline, noradrenaline, or the beta-adrenoceptor agonist isoproterenol (isoprenaline) had an additive (TNF-alpha) or synergistic (LPS) effect on IL-6 release. The synergistic effect was dose-dependent on catecholamine or LPS concentrations. It was mediated by beta-adrenoceptors that are linked to elevation of intracellular cAMP levels, since it was promoted by beta-adrenoceptor agonists and could be blocked by beta-adrenoceptor antagonists. Co-incubation of LPS with agents directly raising cAMP-levels like forskolin or dibutyryl cAMP yielded even stronger IL-6 induction. After co-stimulation IL-6 mRNA was first detected after 3-4 h and a constant increase of IL-6 bioactivity in the culture supernatant was measured for up to 48 h. Since IL-6 is an important factor for thymocyte differentiation and proliferation, the findings demonstrate an influence of neuronal or hormonal catecholamines on the thymic microenvironment that is created by thymic epithelial cells.
authors.affiliation: Anatomisches Institut der Universität Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: von Patay
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Loppnow
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Feindt
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kurz
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mentlein
mesh_terms: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D007545:Isoproterenol; D009638:Norepinephrine