title: Effects of fenretinide (4-HPR) on dark adaptation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the alterations in dark adaptation induced by low (200 mg/d) doses of fenretinide (4-HPR), to assess whether these effects were cumulative and whether they were reversible, and to attempt to elucidate the mechanism underlying the changes in night vision.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatient eye clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two women enrolled in a breast cancer chemoprevention trial, and 18 normal control subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Measurements of absolute luminance thresholds during dark adaptation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Parameters of an exponential model of the dark-adaptation function before, during, and after administration of fenretinide.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most conspicuous effect of fenretinide on dark adaptation was a significant delay in the timing of the rod-cone break (P<.001). A minimal elevation of the final cone threshold was also observed. These effects were reversible after fenretinide therapy was discontinued and did not seem to be cumulative. An inverse relationship between delay of the rod-cone break and plasma retinol concentration was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The dose of fenretinide used in this study produced clearly measurable, but not severe, changes in night vision, which were rarely symptomatic.
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmic Genetics and Clinical Services Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md 20892-1860, USA. rccaruso@helix.nih.gov
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Caruso
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zujewski
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Iwata
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Podgor
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Conley
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Ayres
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Kaiser-Kupfer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003623:Dark Adaptation / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D017313:Fenretinide / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010786:Photoreceptor Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D012684:Sensory Thresholds; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014801:Vitamin A; D017313:Fenretinide; D014212:Tretinoin; C058346:N-(4-methoxyphenyl)retinamide