title: Endoscopic irradiation and parallel arrangement of Wallstents for hilar cholangiocarcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The placement of two Wallstents in parallel seems to be a common solution for endoscopic technique in order to obtain bilateral hepatic drainage in patients with hilar biliary strictures. However, a biliary stricture at the hepatic confluence hinders the sequential delivery of multiple Wallstents. Intraductal irradiation has been shown to recanalize the cancerous stricture caused by cholangiocarcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  We attempted to place two Wallstents in parallel by endoscopic means after endoscopic intraductal irradiation with a high-dose rate afterloading device in three patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma. After the placement of two guidewires into the bilateral hepatic ducts, two Wallstents were sequentially delivered over the guidewires.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Owing to adequate re-opening of the hilar bile ducts after irradiation, the delivery of the second Wallstent alongside the expanded first Wallstent could be readily accomplished in all of the patients without complications. Two Wallstents were placed so that their distal ends were juxtaposed in the common bile duct, ensuring good drainage. There were no signs of recurrent biliary obstruction in any of the patients during the follow-up period of 24 to 44 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This endoscopic technique seems to be simple, safe, and reliable in obtaining bilateral hepatic drainage with Wallstents in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takaoka
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuji
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yanagitani
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; D001918:Brachytherapy; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000628:therapy*; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004724:Endoscopy; D006801:Humans; D007496:Iridium Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015642:Radiology, Interventional; D015607:Stents
chemical_list: D007496:Iridium Radioisotopes