title: Biosynthesis of branched polylactosaminoglycans. Embryonal carcinoma cells express midchain beta1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity that generates branches to preformed linear backbones.
abstract: Two types of beta1,6-GlcNAc transferases (IGnT6) are involved in in vitro branching of polylactosamines: dIGnT6 (distally acting), transferring to the penultimate galactose residue in acceptors like GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-R, and cIGnT6 (centrally acting), transferring to the midchain galactoses in acceptors of the type (GlcNAcbeta1-3)Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-+ ++4GlcNAcbeta1-R. The roles of the two transferases in the biosynthesis of branched polylactosamine backbones have not been clearly elucidated. We report here that cIGnT6 activity is expressed in human (PA1) and murine (PC13) embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells, both of which contain branched polylactosamines in large amounts. In the presence of exogenous UDP-GlcNAc, lysates from both EC cells catalyzed the formation of the branched pentasaccharide Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-3(GlcNAcbeta1-6)Galbeta1-4 GlcNAc from the linear tetrasaccharide Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAc. The PA1 cell lysates were shown to also catalyze the formation of the branched heptasaccharides Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-3(+ ++GlcNAcbeta1-6)Galbeta1 -4GlcNAc and Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-3(GlcNAcbeta1-6)Galbeta1-+ ++4GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1 -4GlcNAc from the linear hexasaccharide Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1- 3Galbeta1-4GlcNAc in reactions characteristic to cIGnT6. By contrast, dIGnT6 activity was not detected in the lysates of the two EC cells that were incubated with UDP-GlcNAc and the acceptor trisaccharide GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAc. Hence, it appears likely that cIGnT6, rather than dIGnT6 is responsible for the synthesis of the branched polylactosamine chains in these cells.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 56, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leppänen
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maaheimo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Helin
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lehtonen
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Renkonen
mesh_terms: D000606:Amino Sugars / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D002236:Carbohydrate Conformation; D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D018236:Carcinoma, Embryonal / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002384:Catalysis; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017351:N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000606:Amino Sugars; D011134:Polysaccharides; C039448:lactosaminoglycan; D017351:N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases