title: Interstitial fluid pressure in cervical carcinoma: within tumor heterogeneity, and relation to oxygen tension.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) is elevated in many animal and human tumors. The authors assessed tumor IFP and its relation to tumor oxygenation in a prospective clinical study of patients with cervical carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Measurements were made in 77 patients with cervical carcinoma prior to treatment. IFP was measured in normal paravaginal submucosal tissue and at one to five positions in the visible tumor with the patients anesthetized and in the lithotomy position. Tumor oxygen tension was measured immediately prior to IFP using a polarographic needle electrode. Patients were treated with radiotherapy only. Response was evaluated 3 months after the completion of radiotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was substantial variation in IFP from region to region in some tumors. The mean IFP in individual tumors ranged from 3 to 48 millimeters of mercury (mmHg). The overall mean and median values for the entire patient group were 19 mmHg and 17 mmHg, respectively. IFP was significantly higher in tumor tissue than in normal tissue (P < 0.0001). Tumors with high IFP were more likely to be hypoxic (P < 0.007) and less likely to regress completely with radiotherapy (P < 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IFP in cervical carcinoma is elevated above normal tissue values. Multiple measurements are needed to evaluate IFP in these tumors. High IFP is associated with hypoxia and may provide information about the mechanism of hypoxia on which treatment can be based.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Hospital and University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Milosevic
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Fyles
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pintilie
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Kavanagh
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Manchul
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Keane
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Hill
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008365:Manometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood*; D010313:Partial Pressure; D011446:Prospective Studies; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen