title: Chemokines produced by mesothelial cells: huGRO-alpha, IP-10, MCP-1 and RANTES.
abstract: Recently we showed the in vivo relevance of chemokines in cases of bacterial peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. Mesothelial cells, the most numerous cells in the peritoneal cavity, are hypothesized to function as a main source of chemokine production. We investigated the time- and dose-dependent expression patterns of four chemokines by mesothelial cells at the mRNA and protein level in response to stimulation with physiological doses of proinflammatory mediators that are present at the site of bacterial inflammation. Besides the chemokines huGRO-alpha (attractant for neutrophils), MCP-1 and RANTES (monocyte attractants), the expression and production of IP-10 was analysed. Mesothelial cells were cultured and stimulated with either IL-1beta, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) or IFN-gamma or combinations of these. The time- and dose-dependent mRNA expression of the chemokines was determined by Northern blot analysis and the protein production by ELISA. It was concluded that mesothelial cells could indeed be triggered by the mentioned stimuli to induce mRNA and protein production (huGRO-alpha and IP-10) or to augment constitutive protein production (MCP-1). However, RANTES mRNA and protein production could only be induced in some cases and only in small amounts. The chemokine response of mesothelial cells was regulated differentially, depending on the stimulus and the chemokine measured. In distinct cases, combination of the stimuli led to synergy in mRNA expression and protein production. The presented in vitro data support our hypothesis that mesothelial cells in vivo are the main source of relevant chemokines in response to proinflammatory mediators, suggesting an important role for mesothelial cells in host defence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tekstra
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Brouwer-Steenbergen
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Tuk
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Boorsma
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Sampat-Sardjoepersad
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meijer
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Krediet
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Beelen
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002630:Chemotactic Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D009852:Omentum; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C475829:CXCL1 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D002630:Chemotactic Factors; D006133:Growth Substances; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007375:Interleukin-1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma