title: Tick salivary gland extracts promote virus growth in vitro.
abstract: Saliva of blood-feeding arthropods promotes infection by the vector-borne pathogens they transmit. To investigate this phenomenon in vitro, cultures of mouse L cells were treated with a salivary gland extract (SGE) prepared from feeding ticks and then infected with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). At low input doses of VSV, viral yield was increased 100-fold to 10,000-fold by 16-23 h post-infection compared with untreated cultures, and depending on the SGE concentration. SGE-mediated acceleration of viral yield corresponded with the earlier appearance of VSV nucleocapsid protein as detected by 2-dimensional electrophoresis of infected cells. The observation that physiological doses of virus (i.e. doses likely to be inoculated by an infected arthropod vector into its vertebrate host during blood-feeding) respond to SGE treatment in vitro provides a new opportunity for identifying the factors in tick saliva that promote virus transmission in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Preventive and Clinical Medicine, Bratislava, Slovakia.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hajnická
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fuchsberger
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Slovák
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kocakova
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Labuda
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Nuttall
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003239:Connective Tissue Cells; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007739:L Cells; D051379:Mice; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000737:chemistry*; D013987:Ticks / Q000821:virology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014020:Tissue Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014721:Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D014758:Viral Core Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D014020:Tissue Extracts; D014758:Viral Core Proteins