title: Depressive symptoms of Alzheimer caregivers are mainly due to personal rather than patient factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the predictors of caregiver's depressive symptoms in a sample of community-dwelling Alzheimer's patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted in an Alzheimer's unit specifically devoted to the care of demented patients in Brescia Province (Italy). One hundred and three dyads were consecutively recruited between July 1994 and July 1995. Caregivers were sons/daughters (65%) or husbands/wives; mean age was 54.6 +/- 13.2. Alzheimer's patients Mini Mental State Examination score was 11.3 +/- 8.3; patients were equally distributed among disease severity levels. The following variables have been collected: (a) background and context variables (caregiver's age, gender, marital status, education, relationship and cohabitation with the patient, employment status, satisfaction with household income);(b) caregiver's personal resources (health, social relationships and social interactions, formal supports use, assistance and vigilance); (d) primary stressors (patient's age and gender, cognitive status, functional status, frequency of behavioural disturbances). Caregiver's depressive symptoms represented the main outcome measure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Being husband or wife, low self-rated health and caregiving competence, high numbers of hours for assistance and patient's behavioural disturbances and younger age were associated caregiver's depressive symptoms. With multivariate analysis only relationship to the patient, caregiver's health and competence were independent predictors of caregiver's depressive symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Factors related to the caregiver--relationship, health and competence--rather than to the patient constitute the main risk factors for caregiver's depressive symptomatology.
authors.affiliation: Alzheimer's Dementia Unit, I.R.C.C.S. S. Giovanni di Dio-Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy. ozanetti@master.cci.unibs.it
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Zanetti
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Frisoni
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bianchetti
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tamanza
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cigoli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trabucchi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000523:psychology*; D001526:Behavioral Symptoms / Q000523:psychology; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012647:Self-Assessment; D018454:Spouses / Q000523:psychology