title: Informed consent in the Childrens Cancer Group: results of preliminary research.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Informed consent is critical to the ethical conduct of pediatric cancer clinical research. Research regarding such consent has been limited.
  
  
  METHODS
  After conducting a background survey of institutional practice from principal investigators (PIs) at 113 Childrens Cancer Group (CCG) centers, the authors obtained more detailed data regarding informed consent from 23 parents of children recently enrolled in CCG research trials and from 23 clinician-investigators at 5 CCG institutions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Approximately 73% of PIs responded to the background survey, providing context in which to interpret the more detailed information. Parents reported that they found the informed consent process helpful, although somewhat confusing. Satisfaction with informed consent was not related to ethnicity or education level. Parents found discussion with staff more helpful than the consent document, and the majority reported that the amount of information conveyed was appropriate. Although only 3 parents (13%) reported that too much information was given, nearly 50% of the investigators believed too much information usually is provided. All investigators believed that patients benefit from participation in CCG studies; the majority recommend that the child be enrolled on study, and the majority believe the major obstacle to good informed consent is parents' "state of shock."
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parents expressed general satisfaction with the consent process. By contrast, clinician responses indicate dissatisfaction with the informed consent process. Future research must include more centers and larger numbers of parents of children who we enrolled as well as those who declined to participate in CCG studies, examine consent in minority subgroups, and further investigate the role of clinician-investigators and their interaction with parents and children during the informed consent process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Childrens Hospital of University Hospitals of Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Kodish
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Pentz
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Noll
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ruccione
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Buckley
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Lange
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000592:standards; D032882:Comprehension; D032962:Consent Forms; D003625:Data Collection; D030881:Disclosure; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent; D008297:Male; D008495:Medical Oncology / Q000592:standards; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D033282:Parental Consent; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000592:standards; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D012107:Research Design; D018570:Risk Assessment; D036302:Therapeutic Human Experimentation