title: Determinants of ventricular arrhythmias in hemodialysis patients. Evaluation of the effect of arrhythmogenic substrate and autonomic imbalance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In chronic hemodialysis patients, we evaluated determinants of repetitive ventricular tachyarrhythmias which included late potentials and heart rate variability.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared the presence of late potentials and heart rate variability obtained by ambulatory electrocardiogram (ECG), findings of echocardiography, and laboratory data between patients with and those without ventricular arrhythmias of Lown class 4A or 4B. Ambulatory ECG was recorded for 24 h from the beginning of hemodialysis. Heart rate variability was evaluated by the standard deviation of the normal RR interval (SDNN).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty patients (17%) had ventricular arrhythmias of Lown class 4A or 4B. They were older than patients without such arrhythmias (p=0.0021). Left-ventricular wall motion score (2.0+/-3.9 and 0.3+/-1.2, respectively, p < 0.0001) and left-ventricular mass index (167 +/-59 and 140+/-44 g/m2, respectively, p=0.0053) were larger in patients with ventricular arrhythmias of Lown class 4A or 4B than in those without. Stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed to select variables related to ventricular arrhythmias of Lown class 4A or 4B from the following 8 candidate variables; age, sex, presence of ischemic heart disease, diabetic nephropathy as the primary renal disease, presence of late potentials, SDNN, left-ventricular wall motion score and left-ventricular mass index. Higher left-ventricular wall motion score (p < 0.0001), older age (p=0.0022) and male sex (p=0.0235) were the variables associated with ventricular arrhythmias of Lown class 4A or 4B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients receiving hemodialysis, predominantly with chronic glomerulonephritis, ventricular arrhythmias of Lown class 4A or 4B were not associated with arrhythmogenic substrate revealed by late potentials or autonomic dysfunction assessed by heart rate variability. Left-ventricular wall motion abnormalities, age and sex were significant factors.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Center, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsuji
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishiue
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tokunaga
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yajima
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Higashi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwasaka
mesh_terms: D001342:Autonomic Nervous System Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; D005260:Female; D005921:Glomerulonephritis / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D017180:Tachycardia, Ventricular / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology