title: A human cadaver model for determination of pathologic fracture threshold resulting from tumorous destruction of the vertebral body.
abstract: METHODS
  Thoracic vertebrae were subjected to compressive loads after drilling of the centrum to simulate destruction from metastatic tumorous involvement.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether a threshold exists that is predictive of fractures to establish a correlation between significant variables and vertebral strength.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The mechanical effects of metastatic destruction of thoracic vertebral bodies and their correlation to pathologic fractures has been analyzed in few studies. In additional studies on intact vertebral strength, investigators have determined that bone mineral density and geometric factors are important.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-four cadaveric thoracic vertebrae were studied. All were examined by quantitative computed tomography. T4 and T10 served as mechanical controls to predict the intact strength of T7. The test vertebrae were drilled from the anterior cortex through to the posterior cortex before they were loaded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Linear correlation between the strength of T4 and T10 in each spine supported the predicted strengths of T7. Because of variation from other factors, no threshold defect size was noted beyond which failure consistently occurred. Results of linear correlation analyses showed that the best combination of parameters for predicting vertebral strength was the product of bone mineral density and the remaining intact vertebral body cross-sectional area. This vertebral strength index correlated linearly with the strength of intact and compromised T7 vertebrae (r2 = 0.52).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The vertebral strength index can be used to predict the strength of any thoracic vertebra. When compared with an idealized vertebral strength index based on the intact vertebral cross-sectional area and normal bone mineral density, a patient's actual vertebral strength index can be used as one of the criteria for prophylactic stabilization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Kentucky, USA.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Dimar
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Voor
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Glassman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015519:Bone Density; D002102:Cadaver; D019245:Compressive Strength; D005598:Fractures, Spontaneous / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013125:Spinal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000556:secondary; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000293:injuries* / Q000378:metabolism