title: Multiple anthelmintic resistance on a goat farm in Kenya.
abstract: The anthelmintic efficacy of benzimidazoles, levamisole, rafoxanide and ivermectin was evaluated on an institutional farm in Kenya using faecal egg count reduction test, larval cultures and a controlled slaughter trial. The results of this study indicated simultaneous resistance of Haemonchus contortus against benzimidazoles, levamisole and rafoxanide and Trichostrongylus columbriformis and Oesophagostomum sp. against levamisole on the same farm. Injectable and orally administered ivermectin was effective against the benzimidazole and levamisole resistant H. contortus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (Kabete Campus), University of Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Waruiru
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kogi
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Weda
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Ngotho
mesh_terms: D015766:Albendazole / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000969:Antinematodal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology; D006041:Goats; D006189:Haemonchus / Q000187:drug effects; D007559:Ivermectin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007630:Kenya; D007978:Levamisole / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D009815:Oesophagostomum / Q000187:drug effects*; D010270:Parasite Egg Count / Q000662:veterinary; D011888:Rafoxanide / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011897:Random Allocation; D017206:Strongylida Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D013875:Thiophanate / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014251:Trichostrongyloidea / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000969:Antinematodal Agents; D011888:Rafoxanide; D007978:Levamisole; D013875:Thiophanate; D007559:Ivermectin; D015766:Albendazole