title: Photoanthropometric study of craniofacial traits in individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome on short-term growth hormone therapy.
abstract: An objective photoanthropometric method, useful for delineating craniofacial characteristics, was performed on 20 individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS; 14 males and 6 females) under 12 years of age and on growth hormone therapy (e.g. for 3-12 months) to determine the effects of therapy on craniofacial features in PWS. Facial parameters were measured from strict frontal and profile photographic 35 mm slides and compared with other facial measurements from the same face (e.g. palpebral fissure width to bizygomatic diameter). We studied 16 photoanthropometric craniofacial indices following previously established protocols. Our photoanthropometric data on 20 PWS subjects meeting diagnostic criteria further supported previous findings of a high midface, a broad interalar distance, a prominent high chin and broad ears in PWS patients without growth hormone therapy. In addition, while on growth hormone therapy, the high midface, broad interalar distance and prominent high chin appeared to accentuate over time in relationship to untreated PWS patients. Conversely, broad appearing ears were not accentuated by growth hormone therapy in the PWS subjects analyzed in this study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37230, USA.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hovis
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Angulo
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D005145:Face / Q000002:abnormalities*; D005260:Female; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011218:Prader-Willi Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019382:Human Growth Hormone