title: A modified protocol for early treatment of osteomyelitis and osteoradionecrosis of the mandible.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The treatment of osteoradionecrosis (ORN) and early chronic osteomyelitis (COM) of the mandible and maxilla is controversial. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) at two to three times the atmospheric pressure at sea level can result in tissue oxygen tension of almost 400 mmHg. Herewith HBO increases oxygen supply in hypoxic tissue, thus inducing fibroblastic proliferation and capillary formation.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1981 to 1991, we used a monoplace chamber and since 1992, we have also had a multiplace chamber for HBO treatment. Hyperbaric oxygen was given at 2.5-2.8 atmosphere absolute pressure (ATA) for 90-120 minutes, once per day. The patients had five to 10 preoperative and five to seven postoperative sessions. Surgical therapy consisted of decortication of the affected bone, subsequently covered with a free periosteal transplant from the tibia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-six patients with ORN and 33 with COM of the mandible and maxilla was treated with this protocol. The median follow-up time in this material is 34 months, with a minimum of 10 months. Thirty-six ORN patients (92%) and 26 COM patients (79%) have remained symptom-free after the first treatment period. Three failed ORN patients were successfully treated with a free microvascular flap. The seven failed COM patients have been retreated, and five of them have occasional clinical symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hyperbaric oxygen is a promising adjunct to surgery in the treatment of mandibular and maxillary ORN and COM. Using this protocol, the necessary HBO treatment sessions have been reduced from earlier protocols, without adverse effect on the outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Turku University Central Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aitasalo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Niinikoski
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grénman
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Virolainen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006931:Hyperbaric Oxygenation; D008297:Male; D008336:Mandibular Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D008439:Maxillary Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010019:Osteomyelitis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D010025:Osteoradionecrosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D013524:Surgical Flaps
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents