title: Evaluation of a novel diffusion cell for in vitro transdermal permeation: effects of injection height, volume and temperature.
abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of a new, compact, dynamic diffusion cell for in vitro transdermal permeation. These so-called Kelder-cells were developed as an automated alternative to the static Franz diffusion cells. The new cells were used in combination with the ASPEC-system (automatic sample preparation with extraction columns) which was initially designed for the automation of solid-phase extractions. Three variables were tested to optimize the performance of the new cell system: injection height into the inlet compartment, volume flowing through the receptor compartment and temperature. Experiments were performed using the tritium labelled anticholinergic [3H]dexetimide permeating through an artificial membrane (Silastic). The injection height of the needle into the inlet compartment of the cell should be programmed at -34 mm to ensure complete air tightness, thus forcing the buffer to flow through the cell. The volume of buffer flow through the receptor compartment is important in maintaining sink conditions: a volume of 117 microliters was chosen to replace the total content of the cell (84 microliters) every 2 min. The temperature was precisely controlled in a thermostatic cabinet to minimize variations in experimental conditions. For [3H]dexetimide, an increase in temperature of 20 degrees C reduced the lag time by a factor of approximately two, however the influence on the flux was negligible. The data for the Kelder-cells were comparable with static Franz diffusion cells at a pseudo-steady state, however Kelder-cells have the advantage of automatic sampling, continuous replacement of the receptor solution, and unattended operation over at least 24 h.
authors.affiliation: Groningen Istitute for Drug Studies (GIDS), University Centre for Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Toxicology, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Bosman
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Avegaart
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Lawant
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ensing
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: de Zeeuw
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003909:Dexetimide / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D013696:Temperature; D014316:Tritium / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D014316:Tritium; D003909:Dexetimide