title: Cardiovascular effects of verapamil enantiomer combinations in conscious dogs.
abstract: We examined the systemic and coronary hemodynamic effects of five combinations of R- and S-verapamil enantiomers (R/S; 100/0, 90/10, 80/20, 50/50, and 20/80%, respectively) in conscious dogs chronically instrumented for measurement of aortic and LV pressure, +dP/dt, subendocardial segment length, coronary blood flow velocity, and aortic blood flow. Dogs received escalating doses (0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mg kg(-1)) of each verapamil combination over 2 min at 30 min intervals on different experimental days and peak changes in hemodynamics were recorded 2 min after each dose. All verapamil combinations increased heart rate, mean aortic blood flow, and coronary blood flow velocity and decreased calculated systemic and coronary vascular resistance. Alterations in coronary hemodynamics were most pronounced with 20/80 R/S verapamil. Racemic and 20/80 R/S verapamil decreased mean arterial and left ventricular systolic pressure, in contrast to combinations with greater concentrations of the R enantiomer. Left ventricular function was unchanged during administration of 100/0, 90/10, and 80/20 R/S verapamil. Direct negative inotropic and lusitropic effects occurred with 50/50 and 20/80 R/S verapamil. The high dose of 20/80 R/S verapamil also increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and the regional chamber stiffness constant, consistent with diastolic dysfunction. The results indicate that combinations of R- and S-verapamil produce differential hemodynamic and left ventricular functional effects in conscious, unsedated dogs that are dependent on the relative ratio of these enantiomers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, USA.
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Pagel
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Hettrick
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lowe
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Gowrie
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kersten
authors.forename: Z J
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Bosnjak
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Warltier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000187:drug effects*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004285:Dogs; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects; D014700:Verapamil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D014700:Verapamil