title: Reliability of the 35% carbon dioxide panic provocation challenge.
abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the test-retest reliability of the 35% carbon dioxide (CO2) panic provocation challenge. Thirty patients with panic disorder were included in this study. Twenty-four patients were challenged twice, with 1 week between the two challenges. Six patients dropped out after the first test. The 35% CO2 challenge appeared to have a good test-retest reliability; both on induced subjective anxiety, measured on a Visual Analogue Scale for Anxiety (VAS-A), and induced panic symptoms, measured with a Panic Symptom List. Assessing the state of anxiety immediately after the challenge gave the most reliable results. Calculating increase in anxiety from the pre- and post-scores on the VAS-A rendered less reliable scores. This study completes a series of studies in which the criteria for an ideal model of panic are tested for the 35% CO2 challenge. Apart from an absolute specificity for panic disorder, the challenge meets these criteria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Academic Psychiatric Center, Maastricht University, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Verburg
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pols
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Leeuw
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Griez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000139:chemically induced; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000209:etiology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide