title: Comparisons of two-, three-, and four-compartment models of body composition analysis in men and women.
abstract: This study compared the traditional two-compartment (fat mass or FM; fat free mass or FFM) hydrodensitometric method of body composition measurement, which is based on body density, with three (FM, total body water or TBW, fat free dry mass)- and four (FM, TBW, bone mineral mass or BMM, residual)-compartment models in highly trained men (n = 12), sedentary men (n = 12), highly trained women (n = 12), and sedentary women (n = 12). The means and variances for the relative body fat (%BF) differences between the two- and three-compartment models [2.2 +/- 1.6 (SD) % BF; n = 48] were significantly greater (P </= 0.02) than those between the three- and four-compartment models (0.2 +/- 0.3% BF; n = 48) for all four groups. The three-compartment model is more valid than the two-compartment hydrodensitometric model because it controls for biological variability in TBW, but additional control for interindividual variability in BMM via the four-compartment model achieves little extra accuracy. The combined group (n = 48) exhibited greater (P < 0.001) FFM densities (1.1075 +/- 0.0049 g/cm3) than the hydrodensitometric assumption of 1.1000 g/cm3, which is based on analyses of three male cadavers aged 25, 35, and 46 yr. This was primarily because their FFM hydration (72.4 +/- 1.1%; n = 48) was lower (P </= 0.001) than the hydrodensitometric assumption of 73.72%.
authors.affiliation: Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Education, The Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001.
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Withers
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: LaForgia
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Pillans
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Shipp
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Chatterton
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Schultz
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Leaney
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D001834:Body Water / Q000502:physiology; D015519:Bone Density; D003720:Densitometry; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology; D012727:Sex Characteristics