title: Intraoperative radiographic assessment of ankle fractures.
abstract: This retrospective study was performed to determine whether three or two radiographic views are necessary for intraoperative evaluation of low energy, rotational ankle fracture reduction and fixation. Four orthopaedic surgeons independently reviewed two sets of radiographs of 93 low energy, rotational ankle fractures treated by open reduction and internal fixation. The reviewers judged reduction and fixation, without measurement, as if they had been the operating surgeons. Set 1 consisted of mortise and lateral views and Set 2 consisted of anteroposterior, mortise, and lateral views. There was a 2-month interval between the review of Set 1 and Set 2. Intraobserver consistency for Sets 1 and 2 for reduction ranged from 92% to 98% and consistency for fixation ranged from 85% to 94%. These results underwent statistical testing by calculation of the kappa value. With a 95% confidence interval, the kappa value for reduction ranged from 0.376 to 0.701; the kappa value for fixation ranged from 0.598 to 0.781. The interobserver consistency for Sets 1 and 2 also was calculated. The authors conclude that fracture reduction and fixation can be assessed adequately with lateral and mortise views. The anteroposterior view can be eliminated from the standard radiographic protocol, potentially resulting in cost savings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mount Carmel Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43222, USA.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Musgrave
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Fankhauser
mesh_terms: D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015588:Observer Variation; D011859:Radiography