title: Comparison of three treatment regimens of inhaled sodium cromoglycate in the management of adult patients with severe, steroid-dependent asthma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Asthmatic patients whose asthma remains poorly controlled despite treatment with high doses of inhaled corticosteroids and co-administration of oral corticosteroids are a difficult problem in therapeutics.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relative efficacy of three treatment regimens of inhaled sodium cromoglycate in the treatment of adult, severe, corticosteroid-dependent patients as determined by the reduction in the dose of oral corticosteroids and change in lung function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Open, randomized, group comparative trial of 12 weeks duration in asthmatic patients attending a hospital outpatient department. Patients whose asthma is (1) severe according to the classification of the Japanese Society of Allergology, (2) stable, and (3) needing treatment with at least 1600 microg of inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate and 5 mg or greater of oral prednisolone per day. The three treatment regimens of inhaled sodium cromoglycate were group A received sodium cromoglycate powder at a dose of 16 mg/day administered by a metered dose inhaler. Group N received sodium cromoglycate aqueous solution at a dose of 80 mg/day administered by a nebulizer. Group C received sodium cromoglycate aqueous solution (80 mg/day) combined with salbutamol (3 mg/day) administered by a nebulizer. The main outcome measures were a change in the daily dose of oral corticosteroids and in lung function with twice daily measurements of peak expiratory flow (PEF) recorded in the morning (PEF AM) and in the evening (PEF PM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean reduction in oral corticosteroid dose/day was group A, 3.68 mg (95% CI 1.35,5.95); group N, 3.59 mg (95% CI 0.73,6.45); and group C, 3.97 mg (95% CI 1.81,6.13). The dosage reductions are all significant but with no differences between the groups. The mean increase in PEF over the last 4 weeks of treatment compared with baseline values was significant in all groups. The increases in group C are significantly greater than those in the other groups. These changes are all significant and the increases in group C are significantly greater than those in the other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inhaled sodium cromoglycate may be a useful additional treatment in the management of adult patients with severe, oral steroid-dependent asthma. Of the three methods of administration compared in this trial the most useful immediate results were obtained when the drug was administered as an aqueous solution mixed with salbutamol and delivered by a powered nebulizer.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Nagasaki University, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimoda
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuse
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Obase
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Asai
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kohno
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Edwards
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004205:Cromolyn Sodium / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents; D011239:Prednisolone; D004205:Cromolyn Sodium