title: The ectopic parathyroid adenoma: a cost justification for routine preoperative localization with technetium Tc 99m sestamibi scan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the cumulative costs of failure to identify the ectopic parathyroid adenoma when exploration without preoperative localization is performed and to compare these costs with the expenses of routine preoperative localization in every patient.
  
  
  METHODS
  A consecutive series of 59 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism studied with preoperative scans using technetium Tc 99m sestamibi and ultrasound was submitted to a cost analysis. A subset of 5 cases of ectopic adenomas, presumed to be unidentifiable on routine surgery, was similarly analyzed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic tertiary referral center.
  
  
  METHODS
  The operative, anesthesia, hospitalization, imaging, and physician reimbursement costs of a failed exploration are compared with the costs of preoperative technetium Tc 99m sestamibi and ultrasound scans in every patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two cases of mediastinal parathyroid adenomas in this consecutive series of 59 patients were given a theoretical cost, including hospitalization, physician reimbursement, and anesthesia fees. These costs were based on a failed cervical exploration and extracted from the record of an actual patient who underwent such a process at the University of Vermont, Burlington, in 1995. In addition, the records of 2 patients with intrathyroidal adenomas were submitted to the same theoretical cost analysis with the exception that these patients were assumed to have adenomas that could be discovered after prolonged cervical exploration and thyroid lobectomy. The net management and imaging costs for 4 cases of ectopic parathyroid adenomas undergoing theoretical failed exploration are compared with the cost of obtaining routine technetium Tc 99m sestamibi and ultrasound scans for each of the 59 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The added cost of protracted or failed cervical exploration nearly neutralized the costs of a routine preoperative localization with technetium Tc 99m sestamibi and ultrasound scans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington 05401, USA. rsofferm@salus.uvm.edu
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Sofferman
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Nathan
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000191:economics; D002828:Choristoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D006961:Hyperparathyroidism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D007349:Insurance, Health, Reimbursement / Q000191:economics; D008479:Mediastinal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D010282:Parathyroid Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000191:economics; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi