title: Water enema computed tomography (WE-CT) in the local staging of low colorectal neoplasms: comparison with transrectal ultrasound.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To determine the accuracy of computed tomography performed with a water enema application (WE-CT) in the local staging of low colorectal neoplasms and to compare the results with those of transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients with low colorectal tumors were evaluated prospectively by CT with the simultaneous administration of a lukewarm rectal enema (0.5-1.5 L). Thin slices (5 mm) and intravenous application of iodinated contrast media were routinely used. TRUS was performed in 18 patients. Tumor size, location, and staging according to the TNM classification of the UICC were registered. Tumors were classified as < T3 (T1 or T2) or as T3 or T4. For staging peritumoral lymph node metastases on WE-CT, two criteria of positivity were tested: N+ if at least one peritumoral node > or 5 mm in diameter was seen (reading A); N+ if at least one peritumoral node > or = 5 mm or three peritumoral nodes < 5 mm were identified (reading B).
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the tumor staging, WE-CT showed a sensitivity of 90%, a specificity of 73%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 90%, a negative predictive value (NPV) of 73%, and an accuracy of 85%. For TRUS, the results were sensitivity of 73%, specificity of 29%, PPV of 62%, NPV of 40%, and an accuracy of 39%. Concerning nodal staging with WE-CT, results were superior when reading A was used: sensitivity = 84%, specificity = 83%, PPV = 73%, NPV = 91%, and accuracy = 84%. TRUS showed a sensitivity of 29%, specificity of 100%, PPV of 100%, NPV of 67%, and an accuracy of 71%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  WE-CT is a reliable technique for the local staging of low colorectal tumors that can be superior to TRUS. For diagnosis of peritumoral metastatic lymph nodes on WE-CT, the 5-mm diameter cutoff value is the most appropriate size criterion.
authors.affiliation: Serviço de Radiologia, Hospital Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Caseiro-Alves
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gonçalo
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ilharco
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agostinho
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Castro e Sousa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vilaça-Ramos
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D018253:Adenoma, Villous / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D019160:Endosonography; D004733:Enema; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012007:Rectum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water