title: Modulation of rat brain synaptosomal plasma membrane achieved by atracurium and its metabolite laudanosine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Atracurium besylate and laudanosine cause excitement and seizures when introduced into the central nervous system of laboratory animals. We examined the modulation of lipid-protein interaction in the lipid environment of rat brain synaptosomal plasma membrane (SPM)-bound enzymes as a possible mechanism leading to these effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effect of various concentrations of atracurium besylate and laudanosine, or of varying duration of SPM, on the activity of Na+/K+-stimulated ATPase, Mg2+-stimulated ATPase and 5'-nucleotidase were assessed. The modulation of lipid protein interaction by laudanosine was estimated on the basis of the temperature dependence and cooperative behaviour of Na+/K+-stimulated ATPase.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The effect of atracurium besylate or laudanosine on Na+/K+-stimulated ATPase activity was biphasic. Maximal enzyme stimulation appeared at 10(-4) M atracurium besylate or 10(-8) M laudanosine, and at 30 min of pre-incubation with both drugs. Arrhenius plots of Na+/K+-stimulated ATPase showed a transition temperature of 23.0 +/- 1.2 degrees C in control SPM and shifted to 16.5 +/- 0.9 degrees C (p < 0.01) in SPM treated with 10(-8) M laudanosine. The Hill coefficients for the allosteric inhibition of Na+/K+-stimulated ATPase by fluoride decreased from 1.99 +/- 0.22 in controls to 1.06 +/- 0.11 (p < 0.001) in the presence of 10(-8) M laudanosine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that laudanosine, one of the principal metabolites of atracurium besylate, affects nerve cell function in rats through the perturbation of the membrane lipid structure accompanied by SPM-bound enzyme dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, University of Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Kamper
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Siafaka
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stavridis
mesh_terms: D015720:5'-Nucleotidase / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D001279:Atracurium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D017301:Ca(2+) Mg(2+)-ATPase / Q000187:drug effects; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D002491:Central Nervous System Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009467:Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000187:drug effects; D013574:Synaptosomes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology
chemical_list: D002491:Central Nervous System Agents; D007546:Isoquinolines; D009467:Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents; D001279:Atracurium; C001522:laudanosine; D015720:5'-Nucleotidase; D017301:Ca(2+) Mg(2+)-ATPase; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase