title: Toxicity, mutagenicity, and behavioral effects of beta-CIT, a ligand for dopamine transporter exploration by SPECT.
abstract: The cocaine analog beta-CIT is one of the most used compounds for SPET examination of the dopamine transporter in drug abuse and Parkinson's disease. However, the toxicity of this agent has not yet been studied. We report here acute toxicity, mutagenicity, and effect on locomotor activity of beta-CIT. Acute toxicity experiments were performed in mice and rats. The LD50 values were about 20 mg and 5 mg for mice and rats, respectively. There was no sex difference. The mutagenicity was evaluated using the Ames' test. No mutagenic effect was observed for beta-CIT. Effects on locomotor activity were measured in mice using the open-field test. beta-CIT increased locomotion (+65%) when injected at a dose of 0.312 mg/kg; the maximal increase (+205%) was observed at a dose of 1.25 mg/kg; at higher doses, the effect was decreased slightly. These pharmacological findings are in agreement with an inhibitory effect of beta-CIT at the dopamine transporter. We conclude that with no mutagenic effects and LD50 more than 6 orders of magnitude higher than the routinely used doses in PET or SPET, it can be assumed that beta-CIT can be safely used as a radioligand in humans.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U316, Laboratoire de Biophysique Médicale et Pharmaceutique, Tours, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Emond
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Farde
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chalon
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Belzung
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mauclaire
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Chiron
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Halldin
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Besnard
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guilloteau
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D001692:Biological Transport; D003042:Cocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects*; D016296:Mutagenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
chemical_list: C069723:2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4-iodophenyl)tropane; D003042:Cocaine; D004298:Dopamine