title: Inhaled nitric oxide does not increase rat pulmonary allograft rejection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is evidence that inducible nitric oxide (NO) may be directly related to the process of allograft rejection. Because of its strong pulmonary vasodilatory activity, inhaled NO (INO) has recently been used as a therapeutic option for allograft dysfunction after lung transplantation. The action of inducible NO and inhaled NO seems contradictory for preserving posttransplantation pulmonary allograft function. INO used for lung transplant recipients may actually enhance acute allograft rejection. We studied the effect of INO on acute allograft rejection with a rat pulmonary allograft model.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 24 left lung allotransplantations were performed from Lewis donors into F344 recipients. Animals were divided into two groups and inhaled either room air alone or 20 ppm NO with room air in a closed chamber immediately after transplantation until rats were killed on days 7 and 14. During observation, NO uptake was monitored by measuring serum NO2-/NO3- level. Acute rejection was evaluated by use of a semiquantitative radiographic scoring method (aeration score: 0 to 6, opaque to normal appearance) and rejection score (0 to 4, no sign of rejection to diffuse mononuclear infiltration).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Markedly elevated serum NO2-/NO3- levels were observed in the NO inhalation group compared with levels in the normal air inhalation control group (110.8 +/- 25.3 vs 16.3 +/- 4.0 micromol/L/ml on day 7, p < 0.01; 107.0 +/- 30.9 vs 16.8 +/- 4.8 micromol/L/ml on day 14, p < 0.01). However, no positive effect of INO on acute rejection was found histologically or radiographically.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The effect of INO on acute rejection is likely so minimal as not to be clinically relevant.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery (General Thoracic Surgery), Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shiraishi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawahara
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shirakusa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okabayashi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoneda
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000818:Animals; D006084:Graft Rejection; D016040:Lung Transplantation; D008297:Male; D009566:Nitrates / Q000097:blood; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009573:Nitrites / Q000097:blood; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D014185:Transplantation, Isogeneic; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D009569:Nitric Oxide