title: Characteristics of urea transport of cells derived from rabbit thick ascending limb of Henle's loop.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The thick ascending limb of Henle's loop (TALH) is thought to be involved in the regulation of the renal urea gradient.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have characterized the uptake of urea (oil density centrifugation and 2-compartment-culture) and volume regulation (impedance measurement) in highly differentiated cells derived from rabbit outer medulla.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TALH cells exposed to 600 mOsm/liter (300 mM urea) shrunk to 72 +/- 5% of the isoosmotic volume. Due to a regulatory volume increase (RVI), the cell volume was almost completely regained at 92 +/- 6% after five minutes. The uptake of 14C-urea in the presence of urea concentrations up to 600 mM did not show any saturation. In the presence of phloretin the urea uptake decreased to 69 +/- 14%. The transport was sodium and chloride independent. Changing the membrane potential caused an increase of regulatory volume increase and urea uptake. Hyperosmolarity induced by sucrose (300 mM) and NaCl (150 mM) caused a decrease of urea uptake to 70 +/- 14% and 53 +/- 11%, respectively. The permeability coefficient (P) in a two compartment culture was P = 1.7 . 10(-6) +/- 0.39.10(-6) cm/second, suggesting a relatively low permeability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Due to the low permeability, it seems impossible to achieve a physiologically significant participation of the TALH in the urea circulation within the nephron. However, the results of this study provides significant hints about the existence of a specific urea transport mechanism that enables the cell to adapt rapidly to different osmolarities.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung Nephrologie and Rheumatologie, Universitätsklinik Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Grunewald
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Reisse
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Müller
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002460:Cell Line; D016764:Cell Polarity / Q000502:physiology; D015194:Diffusion Chambers, Culture; D007476:Ionophores / Q000494:pharmacology; D007679:Kidney Medulla / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D008138:Loop of Henle / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008782:Methylurea Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D011817:Rabbits; D013890:Thiourea / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D014508:Urea / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014634:Valinomycin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; D007476:Ionophores; D008782:Methylurea Compounds; D014634:Valinomycin; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D014508:Urea; C030686:acetamide; D013890:Thiourea; C002352:methylurea