title: Reduction of hospital resources utilization in vascular surgery: a four-year experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Managed care whether through risk or through capitated contracts results in reduction in resources, reduced length of hospital stay, and reduced utilization of hospital resources (collectively referred to as resource reductions). These resource reductions will become even more noticeable as a greater proportion of Medicare patients who need vascular operations select a managed-care senior product. We examined the results of a 4-year experience with resource management in an academic vascular surgery practice during which best practice plans were developed and implemented.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed hospital cost data, which included both total hospital and intensive care unit length of stay, average units per operation for laboratory, pharmacy, and radiology services and operating room and direct hospital costs for 257 carotid endarterectomies performed over fiscal years (FY) 1994, 1995, 1996, and 1997 (6 month data) and 175 infrainguinal bypass procedures performed during the same period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For carotid endarterectomy, length of stay decreased 66% over the 4-year period to an average of 2.07 days in FY97. Both radiology and pharmacy utilization were reduced after the first year of institution of best practice plans (56% and 32% respectively) with 4-year total reductions of 86% and 55% by FY97. The most notable changes included elimination of routine postoperative laboratory testing, use of aspirin rather than low-molecular-weight dextran, emphasis on oral rather than intravenous vasoactive drugs, and routine use of duplex scanning alone rather than angiography for diagnosis after FY94-95. The length of operating room time for carotid endarterectomy remained relatively constant from FY94 to FY97. As a result of these multiple factors, our study showed a 30% decrease in total average direct hospital costs for carotid endarterectomy from $9974 to $7002 in this 4-year period. Infrainguinal bypass graft procedures showed a progressive decrease in total cost of 28% for patients without complications to $15,186 but remained unchanged for those with complications. Laboratory use, pharmacy use, and radiology use were not significantly different.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Case management for patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy and infrainguinal bypass grafting involving an integrated team of vascular surgeons, surgical house staff, a dedicated vascular nurse, and a social work case manager resulted in dramatic reductions both in length of stay and hospital resource utilization. As these costs decreased, operating room expenses assumed increasing importance. Operating room costs account for 60% of the direct costs of carotid endarterectomy and a comparable percentage for uncomplicated infrainguinal bypass grafting. Further substantial reductions in direct hospital costs will depend primarily on reductions in operating room costs, particularly those related to length of time in the operating room.
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular Surgery, New England Medical Center, Boston, Mass, USA.
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Roddy
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: O'Donnell
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Iafrati
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Isaacson
authors.forename: V E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Mackey
mesh_terms: D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D006295:Health Resources / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017721:Hospital Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016014:Linear Models; D008404:Massachusetts; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*