title: Metabolic effects of adjuvant recombinant human growth hormone in patients with continuing sepsis receiving parenteral nutrition.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adjuvant growth hormone is advocated for treating the catabolism of prolonged sepsis not corrected by parenteral nutrition alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  An open study was performed in which eight patients whose postabsorptive resting energy expenditure was persistently elevated by a mean of 19% as a result of continuing sepsis were randomized to receive 0.03 or 0.06 mg/kg recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) each evening for 7 days adjuvant to total parenteral nutrition. Plasma concentrations of growth hormone, insulin, insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 (IGF-1 and -2) and their binding proteins IGFBP-1 and -3 were measured before and after rhGH, and their relationship with rates of whole-body protein turnover was determined in the morning in the postabsorptive state by using L-[1-13C]leucine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Before rhGH, the patients were hyperinsulinemic (mean, 44.4 mU/L) but had growth hormone levels within the normal range (< 10 mU/L). After the seventh dose of rhGH, nocturnal growth hormone concentrations rose to a mean of 35.3 +/- 26.1 and 61.3 +/- 21.05 mU/L for the low and higher dose groups, respectively. Morning IGF-1 concentrations showed a small increase during treatment, rising from a mean of 241.3 +/- 99.0 to 301.7 +/- 167.3 ng/mL for the low-dose group and from 214.5 +/- 74.6 to 294.1 +/- 116.9 ng/mL for the higher-dose group. IGF-2 increased slightly by 89 +/- 39 and 75 +/- 49 ng/mL for the low and higher doses, respectively. IGFBP-1 and -3 and insulin did not change. The balance between nitrogen input and urinary urea nitrogen increased after rhGH by a mean of 5.3 g/d with no differences between the two dosage groups (4.74 +/- 1.56 g/d for the higher dose, 5.94 +/- 3.70 g/d for the lower). No significant changes were observed in whole-body protein turnover after a 1-week course of rhGH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutrition, Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel.
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Bettany
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Camacho-Hubner
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Obeid
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Halliday
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Powell-Tuck
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D005260:Female; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D018970:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1 / Q000097:blood; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 / Q000097:blood; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010289:Parenteral Nutrition, Total; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018805:Sepsis / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D018970:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II