title: In vitro and in vivo effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors and nitric oxide inactivators on the South American opossum ileocolonic junction.
abstract: The potential role of nitrergic nerves in the regulation of the South American (SA) opossum ileocolonic junction (ICJ) function was investigated. In vitro, the effects of nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitors and NO inactivators on the non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) nerve-mediated relaxations of the circular muscle of the SA opossum ICJ were determined by employing isolated strips. Electrical field stimulation (0.2-8.0 Hz) caused frequency-dependent NANC relaxations. Nicotine and ATP also induced concentration dependent NANC relaxations that were abolished by tetrodotoxin (TTX). The relaxation response induced by NANC nerve activation was reduced in a dose dependent manner by NO synthase inhibitors while vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) induced relaxations were uninfluenced by these drugs. In vivo, the NO synthase inhibitor, L-NAME, administered into the local artery caused a raise in intraluminal pressure of the ICJ in anaesthetized SA opossums in a L-arginine-preventable manner. Hydroquinone and pyrogallol, while being able to reduce, in a superoxide dimutase (SOD) reversible manner, the relaxations induced by exogenous NO failed to affect the NANC nerve-induced relaxations. Finally, neurones and nerve fibres in the myenteric plexus as well as varicose nerve fibres on the circular smooth layer were positive for NADPH-diaphorase activity. These findings indicate that nitrergic nerves inhibit ICJ circular smooth muscle in vitro and in vivo but cast doubts on the neuromediator being the NO radical.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Feitosa
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Lemos
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: De Oliveira
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ballejo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D017615:Enteric Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000187:drug effects; D007082:Ileum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D019335:Nitroarginine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009893:Opossums / Q000502:physiology*; D013779:Tetrodotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D019335:Nitroarginine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D013779:Tetrodotoxin; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester