title: Communication outcomes related to early implantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to document the communicative outcomes of early implantation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  It is hypothesized that by implanting children between the ages of 2 and 5 years, it would be possible to capitalize on the critical period of language learning that occurs in the preschool years and thus positively effect communicative outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-three children who were between 2 and 5 years at the time of implantation were followed longitudinally. They were administered a battery of speech perception (closed and open set), speech production, and oral language (vocabulary and syntax) tests at five test intervals across a 3-year span.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Open-set speech perception was attained by 24 months with mean scores of 70% correct phonemes by the end of year 3. Speech production improved to mean scores of 90% for suprasegmental features and 88% and 69% for vowels and consonants, respectively, by 3 years postimplant. These children made 33 months' gain in receptive vocabulary and 48 months' gain in expressive vocabulary in 36 months' time. Syntactically, they progressed from simple vocalization to simple sentences with some grammatical elements present. Repeated measures analysis of variance showed no significant differences between the subjects implanted between 2 and 3 years of age and those implanted between 3 and 5 years of age at any period. Within groups, the scores obtained for each test period were significantly different from each other.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rapid improvement was noted in speech production and language acquisition after improved speech perception for these children implanted before 5 years of age, at levels that exceed those reported in the literature for children implanted at older ages.
authors.affiliation: CHIP Hearing Services, University of Connecticut, Storrs 06269, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brackett
authors.forename: C V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Zara
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002663:Child Language; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019929:Cochlear Implantation; D003638:Deafness / Q000151:congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007804:Language Development; D007807:Language Tests; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D010700:Phonetics; D013063:Speech Discrimination Tests; D013067:Speech Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D013068:Speech Production Measurement