title: Laparoscopic cholangiography: a prospective study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The place of cholangiography has been controversial in the conventional and now in the laparoscopic setting. The aim of this study was to evaluate laparoscopic cholangiography and compare use of a portable C-arm image intensifier with conventional radiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and ninety-seven consecutive patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomized before operation to cholangiography by either C-arm image intensifier or conventional radiography. Data were collected on a pro forma completed immediately after the operation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cholangiography was successful in 93.0 per cent of patients. Cholangiography with an image intensifier was significantly faster. In 19 patients the ductal system was obscured by a cannula; in 17 of these cases a metal cannula was used. In 31.6 per cent of patients the clip on the cystic duct was within 1 cm or less of the common bile duct (CBD).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic cholangiography is a safe procedure. Use of an image intensifier should be the preferred method of obtaining images. Metal cannulas are more likely to obscure the ductal system. The proximity of the clip on the cystic duct to the CBD highlights the potential for injury caused by electrocautery or erroneous clip application.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Dumfries and Galloway Royal Infirmary, Dumfries, UK.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Sabharwal
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Minford
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Marson
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Muir
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Auld
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001649:Bile Duct Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D002758:Cholangiography / Q000379:methods*; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D042882:Gallstones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement