title: Abrupt shift in subsurface temperatures in the tropical pacific associated with changes in El Nino
abstract: Radiocarbon (14C) content of surface waters inferred from a coral record from the Galapagos Islands increased abruptly during the upwelling season (July through September) after the El Nino event of 1976. Sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) associated with the upwelling season also shifted after 1976. The synchroneity of the shift in both 14C and SST implies that the vertical thermal structure of the eastern tropical Pacific changed in 1976. This change may be responsible for the increase in frequency and intensity of El Nino events since 1976.
authors.affiliation: T. P. Guilderson, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA, and Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA. D. P. Sc.
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Guilderson
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Schrag