title: Nitric oxide enhances prostaglandin production in ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats.
abstract: The interaction between endogenous nitric oxide (NO), elicited by administration of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, and cyclooxygenase system, in ethanol-induced injury in rat gastric mucosa, was investigated. Administration of graded doses of lipopolysaccharide reduced the gastric mucosal injury in response to ethanol. The ex vivo production of both nitrite and prostaglandin E2 was increased in dose-related manner by lipopolysaccharide. Pretreatment with dexamethasone, L-N6-(1-Iminoethyl)lysine(dihydrochloride) and L-NG-nitro arginine methyl ester inhibited the protection associated with lipopolysaccharide treatment and the ex vivo production of both, nitrite and prostaglandin E2. The pretreatment with L-arginine counteracted the decrease of nitrite and prostaglandin E2 production in lipopolysaccharide-treated rats in which nitric oxide synthesis was blocked by L-N6-(1-Iminoethyl)lysine(dihydrochloride). Administration of sodium nitroprusside and S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine caused a dose related enhancement in the accumulation of prostaglandin E2. Indomethacin administration and N-(2-Cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide were ineffective in suppressing lipopolysaccharide-mediated protection against ethanol-induced damage, and in suppressing ex vivo increase of nitrite whereas the ex vivo increase of prostaglandin E2 was prevented in a dose-related fashion. These results indicate that in ethanol-induced rat gastric injury, endogenous NO elicited by lipopolysaccharide or released by NO donors is able to activate the cyclooxygenase pathway, and the protective effect of lipopolysaccharide is dependent upon NO formation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacology, University of Verona, Policlinico di Borgo Roma, Italy. luigina@farma.univr.it
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Doria
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001120:Arginine / Q000494:pharmacology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000431:Ethanol; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008297:Male; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D010396:Penicillamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D026423:S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000431:Ethanol; D026423:S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine; D003907:Dexamethasone; D001120:Arginine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; D010396:Penicillamine; D015232:Dinoprostone; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; D007213:Indomethacin