title: Anaerobic bacteria in men with urethritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Investigation of the urethral flora in men with urethritis, with particular reference to anaerobic bacteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multiple cultures were performed on three urethral samples from 110 men attending the STD Clinic of the School of Medicine in Seville: 35 with no evidence of urethritis (control group), and 75 with urethritis (17 gonococcal urethritis (GU) and 58 non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU)). In the 58 men with NGU, Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated in 16 (27.5%), Ureaplasma urealyticum in 18 (31%), Trichomonas vaginalis in two (3.4%) and no pathogens were isolated in the remaining 22 (38%) patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Aerobic flora, mainly Staphylococcus spp., were isolated less frequently (41%) in patients with GU than in the control group (80%), and those with NGU (72%). Anaerobic flora were isolated in 62% of patients, with similar isolation rates in each group. Gram-negative anaerobes were more frequently isolated in men with urethritis, especially NGU, compared to controls (P < 0.05). Prevotella spp. and Bacteroides spp. were significantly more frequently isolated in patients with NGU, including Chlamydia-negative NGU. Fusobacterium spp. were more frequent in the Chlamydia-positive NGU than in the controls (P < 0.05). P. magnus was the most frequent anaerobic species found in the control group, while P. prevotii was most frequently seen in the urethritis group. B. ureolyticus, P. prevotii and P. tetradius were more frequent on the NGU group (P < 0.05). B. ureolyticus was commoner in patients with Chlamydia-negative NGU, while P. tetradius and P. asaccharolytica was commoner in those where C. trachomatis was isolated than in the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urethral microflora isolated showed ten bacterial genus and 25 different species of anaerobes. The spectrum of these microflora changed with the presence of urethritis and varied with its aetiology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mazuecos
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aznar
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Pichardo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marmesat
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Borobio
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Perea
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Camacho
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D014521:Urethra / Q000382:microbiology; D014526:Urethritis / Q000382:microbiology*