title: Rates of and risk factors for trichomoniasis among pregnant inmates in New York City.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Trichomonas vaginalis is a common pathogen that is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and may serve as a cofactor in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To define the epidemiology of trichomoniasis in a population of newly incarcerated pregnant women in New York City.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study of 213 pregnant prisoners attending prenatal clinic. Patients participated in an interview regarding sexual and drug-related behaviors, and underwent direct culture for T. vaginalis in addition to routine testing for syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of trichomoniasis was 46.9%. On univariate analysis, there was a significant association between trichomoniasis and older age, crack use, prostitution, known HIV infection, and positive serological test for syphilis. Multivariate analysis showed a significant association of trichomoniasis with crack use and positive serological test for syphilis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Trichomoniasis is highly prevalent in pregnant prisoners in New York City. The extent of disease observed may justify a formal program of testing and treatment and emphasizes the urgent need for harm reduction education and expanded HIV counseling and testing services in this high-risk population.
authors.affiliation: Montefiore Rikers Island Health Services, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shuter
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Holbrook
authors.forename: E Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Bellin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D015597:Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011329:Prisoners / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014247:Trichomonas Vaginitis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology