Thiamin-dependent enzymes as catalysts in chemoenzymatic syntheses.
Enzymes are increasingly being used to perform regio- and enantioselective reactions in chemoenzymatic syntheses. To utilize enzymes for unphysiological reactions and to yield novel products, a broad substrate spectrum is desirable. Thiamin diphosphate (ThDP)-dependent enzymes vary in their substrate tolerance from rather strict substrate specificity (phosphoketolases, glyoxylate carboligase) to more permissive enzymes (transketolase, dihydroxyacetone synthase, pyruvate decarboxylase) and therefore differ in their potential to be used as biocatalysts. We give an overview of the known substrate spectra of ThDP-dependent enzymes and present examples of multi-enzyme or chemoenzymatic approaches which involve ThDP-dependent enzymes as biocatalysts to obtain pharmaceutical compounds as ephedrine and glycosidase inhibitors, sex pheromones as exo-brevicomin, 13C-labeled metabolites, and other intermediates as 1-deoxyxylulose 5-phosphate, a precursor of vitamins and isoprenoids.
Schörken
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Institut für Biotechnologie 1, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, P.O. Box 1913, D-52425 Jülich, Germany.
Sprenger
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D019880:Aldehyde-Ketone Transferases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002262:Carboxy-Lyases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002384:Catalysis; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D011767:Pyruvate Decarboxylase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011768:Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D013835:Thiamine Pyrophosphate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D014166:Transferases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D014174:Transketolase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D011768:Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex; D014166:Transferases; D019880:Aldehyde-Ketone Transferases; C109461:deoxyxylulose-5-phosphate synthase; D014174:Transketolase; C031222:formaldehyde transketolase; D002262:Carboxy-Lyases; D011767:Pyruvate Decarboxylase; C019778:benzoylformate decarboxylase; D013835:Thiamine Pyrophosphate