title: Relation between MR abnormalities and patterns of cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study correlated the extent of abnormalities detected by different magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques [proton density (PD)-weighted, T1-weighted, and magnetization transfer imaging (MTI)] with the overall cognitive, frontal lobe, and memory impairments in patients with MS.
  
  
  METHODS
  There were 30 clinically definite MS patients, with different disease courses.
  
  
  METHODS
  psychoactive/steroid treatments, mood disorders, acute relapse phase.
  
  
  METHODS
  Neuropsychological test results. Total (TLL) and frontal (FLL) lesion loads assessed from PD-weighted, T1-weighted (22 patients), and MTI (22 patients) MRI scans. Average lesion MT ratios (MTR) and analysis of the MTR histograms from brain tissue axial slabs on MTI scans.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with frontal lobe deficits (n=15) or memory impairment (n-17) had a higher TLL on PD scans (p=0.04 and p=0.01, respectively). Patients with frontal lobe deficits had higher FLL on PD scans (p=0.01) and TLL on MTI (p=0.03) scans. No significant relationships between the extent of T1-weighted lesion loads and the presence of any neuropsychological impairment. Mean MTR of both MS lesions and whole brain tissue was lower in patients with frontal lobe impairment (p=0.04). MRI lesion loads correlated significantly with some neuropsychological test scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lesion loads on PD-weighted MRI and MTI-derived measures are associated with cognitive decline in MS patients. Overall macroscopic and microscopic brain damage is more important than the corresponding regional brain disease in determining deficits of selective cognitive domains.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, MS Biosignal Analysis Center, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, University of Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rovaris
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Filippi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Falautano
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Minicucci
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rocca
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Martinelli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Comi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests