title: Rheumatoid synovial endothelial cells secrete decreased levels of tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP1).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Angiogenesis (the formation of new blood vessels) is a major component of the inflammatory pannus in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) secretion by microvascular endothelial cells is an essential step in angiogenesis. The secretion of MMP1, MMP2, MMP9, and TIMP1 by human microvascular endothelial cells derived from RA synovium (RASE) to normal synovium (NSE) and neonatal foreskin (FSE) was compared.
  
  
  METHODS
  Confluent monolayers of endothelial cells in basal medium were pre-incubated for 24 hours in the presence or absence of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA, 100 ng/ml). MMP1 activity was measured using a spectrophotometric assay and western blotting. MMP2 and MMP9 were measured using zymography. TIMP1 was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was little difference between the amounts of MMP2 secreted by any of the cell lines. In response to PMA both synovial cell types showed a significantly higher MMP1 and MMP9 activity compared with FSE, although there was no difference between RASE and NSE. Tumour necrosis factor alpha had minimal effect on MMP activity. There was a striking decrease in the amount of TIMP1 secreted by RASE compared with normal synovium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As overall MMP activity is a balance between the amount of MMP and TIMP1 present, the low levels of TIMP1 produced by RASE would shift the balance in favour of increased MMP activity by these cells. This is likely to contribute to the angiogenic potential of RASE.
authors.affiliation: Sutton Arthritis Research Laboratory, Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arkell
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nguyen
mesh_terms: D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000201:enzymology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017364:Collagenases / Q000378:metabolism; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004727:Endothelium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D018093:Gelatinases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin / Q000201:enzymology; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D017364:Collagenases; D018093:Gelatinases; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate