title: Effectiveness of methylphenidate in Native American children with fetal alcohol syndrome and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a controlled pilot study.
abstract: This pilot study was designed to assess the short-term effectiveness and side effects of methylphenidate in treating symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Native American children (5 to 12 years old) with documented fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) or partial fetal alcohol syndrome. Using strict criteria for the diagnosis of FAS and ADHD, a randomized double-blind cross-over study of two placebos and a fixed dose of methylphenidate was completed in 4 Native American children in a residential school. Each treatment condition lasted 5 days, and daily observational outcome measures, the Conners Parent Rating Scale (CPRS-48), and the Conners Teacher Rating Scale (CTRS-39), were employed. Methylphenidate significantly improved scores of the Hyperactivity Index Scale on the CPRS-48 and the CTRS-39 but not the Daydreaming-Attention score on the CTRS-39. Side effects were similar to those traditionally found in other populations. The promising preliminary results suggest that a more definitive study of methylphenidate in Native and non-Native children with FAS and ADHD is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Division of Child Psychiatry, University of South Dakota School of Medicine, Sioux Falls 57105, USA.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Oesterheld
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kofoed
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tervo
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fogas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fiechtner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D063647:Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012114:Residential Treatment
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D008774:Methylphenidate