title: Multidisciplinary approach to biliary complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bile leaks and bile duct strictures are major complications of cholecystectomy which increased in incidence after the introduction of laparoscopic surgery. The management and outcome of these complications following the introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy was reviewed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen patients of median age 45 (range 22-70) years were treated between January 1992 and December 1995. Six patients had a common hepatic duct (CHD) stricture, four following a failed previous repair. Nine patients had bile leaks from bile duct transection (four), cystic stump (four) or segment V duct (one). Two patients had partial bile duct damage with primary sutured repair at time of cholecystectomy. One patient had recurrent haemobilia from a hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cystic stump or segment V leaks were treated successfully by endoscopic stenting (median follow-up 42 months). Roux loop biliary reconstruction was carried out in nine patients: two CHD strictures, three of the four failed primary CHD repairs and four bile duct transections. All had normal liver function test results at median follow-up of 30 months. The two patients with partial duct injuries repaired at initial surgery required no further intervention. The right hepatic artery aneurysm was successfully embolized. There have been no deaths or major complications of endoscopic, radiological or surgical intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic stenting successfully treats cystic stump and segment V duct leaks. Duct strictures, including failed initial repairs and transections, have a good outcome with Roux-en-Y loop reconstruction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Royal Free Hospital and Medical School, London, UK.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Doctor
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Dooley
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dick
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Watkinson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rolles
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Davidson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000713:Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y; D000792:Angiography / Q000379:methods; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D001646:Bile; D001649:Bile Duct Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D005260:Female; D006499:Hepatic Artery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010348:Patient Care Team; D015607:Stents