title: Ultrasonographic findings in 14 dogs with ectopic ureter.
abstract: To evaluate ultrasonography as an alternative to contrast radiography for diagnosis of ectopic ureter in dogs, ultrasonography of the urinary tract was performed prospectively in a series of urinary incontinent dogs anesthetized for contrast radiography. Fourteen dogs had ectopic ureter based on surgical, necropsy or unequivocal contrast radiographic findings. There were eight females and six males of a variety of breeds; five were Labrador retrievers. Mean (range) age at the time of diagnosis was 1.2 (0.2-4) years for females and 3.5 (0.3-5) for males (p < 0.05). Ectopic ureters were unilateral in five dogs (2 left; 3 right) and bilateral in nine dogs. Both ultrasound images and contrast radiographs were positive for 21 (91%) ectopic ureters; the same two ectopic ureters were not detected using either modality. The termination of each of the five normal ureters was visible on ultrasound images; two (40%) were visible on radiographs. Other ultrasonographic findings included dilatation of the ectopic ureter and/or ipsilateral renal pelvis in ten (43%) instances, evidence of pyelonephritis in two dogs (with enlargement of the contralateral kidney in one dog), and urethral diverticuli in one dog. Ultrasonography is a practical diagnostic test for ectopic ureter in dogs. In this series there was close correlation between the ultrasonographic and contrast radiographic findings for each ectopic ureter, but ultrasonography enabled more accurate determination of normal ureteral anatomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Lamb
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Gregory
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004285:Dogs / Q000002:abnormalities*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D011859:Radiography; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014513:Ureter / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000662:veterinary*