[Endocrine orbitopathy 1998].
BACKGROUND
Ophthalmopathy is the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves' disease, also called thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.
This autoimmune disorder is characterized by a lymphocyte infiltration of the retrobulbar space. Activated T cells react with the target organ and secrete cytokines, leading to accumulation of glycosaminoglycans, interstitial edema of the peri- and retrobulbar tissue and enlargement of the extraocular muscles. During the inflammatory stage, the increased orbital pressure results in the clinical manifestation of the eye disease.


METHODS
Thus, therapeutic immunosuppression is often used initially, and by suppressing inflammatory changes, it can result in subjective and objective improvement of the thyroid eye disease. In recent years, new pathogenetic aspects and clinical randomized trials led to modified therapy concepts.


CONCLUSIONS
Interdisciplinary management is recommended for rapid diagnosis and effective therapy of patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.
Förster
G
G
Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin, Schwerpunkt Endokrinologie und Stoffwechselerkrankungen, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz.
Kahaly
G
G
D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology
D016207:Cytokines; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents
Endokrine Orbitopathie 1998.