title: Optimal parameters for transurethral intravesical electrostimulation determined in an experiment in the rat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Parameters of current for transurethral intravesical electrostimulation (IVES) are studied in the rat to determine the settings which elicit optimal detrusor contractions. Action mechanisms related to the induction of detrusor contractions upon ives are also investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 24 female Wistar rats transurethral IVES was performed using 95 combinations of different pulse durations and frequencies. The reference electrode was positioned in the bladder, in the urethra, or on the abdominal wall.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The optimal detrusor contractions are induced in the rat with a current of 10 Hz frequency and 20 ms pulse duration. A mathematical correlation is found between frequency and pulse duration which permits to determine the best combination. Evidence for the existence of local factors inducing detrusor contractions by IVES is given. The detrusor contractions proved independent of the position of the reference electrode.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Antwerp, UIA, Belgium.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Buyle
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Wyndaele
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: D'Hauwers
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wuyts
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sys
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000502:physiology*