title: Duplex-Doppler evaluation of the effects of propranolol and isosorbide-5-mononitrate on portal flow and splanchnic arterial circulation in cirrhosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A decrease in portal flow is an important pharmacological effect of drugs used for the prophylaxis of variceal bleeding.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the acute and chronic effects of propranolol, and the effect of the acute addition of isosorbide-5-mononitrate, on splanchnic circulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Measurements of portal blood flow volume (PBFV) and of Doppler ultrasound pulsatility index of the superior mesenteric, femoral and interlobar renal arteries were performed in 10 cirrhotic patients with varices at baseline, 90 min after propranolol or placebo, after 30 days of chronic propranolol treatment and 45 min after the addition of isosorbide-5-mononitrate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean PBFV was significantly lower at all times than at baseline, with the greatest mean percentage decrease achieved after the addition of isosorbide-5-mononitrate (> or = 20% in all patients). Acute changes, however, did not predict the chronic effects in many patients. Isosorbide-5-mononitrate significantly increased the mesenteric and femoral pulsatility indices, whereas no significant change was observed in the kidney.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Propranolol significantly decreases PBFV, but chronic effects cannot be reliably predicted by the acute change. All patients achieved a decrease in PBFV of > or = 20% after the acute addition of isosorbide-5-mononitrate to chronic propranolol treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, University of Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Piscaglia
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gaiani
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Siringo
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gramantieri
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Serra
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bolondi
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007548:Isosorbide Dinitrate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011168:Portal System / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects*; D011433:Propranolol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013152:Splanchnic Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D011433:Propranolol; D007548:Isosorbide Dinitrate; C030397:isosorbide-5-mononitrate