title: Physical linkage of the human growth hormone gene family and the thyroid hormone receptor interacting protein-1 gene on chromosome 17.
abstract: A P1 cloned insert of about 85.5 kilobases (kb) was isolated, containing four members of the human growth hormone/chorionic somatomammotropin (GH/CS) gene family and the thyroid hormone receptor interacting protein (TRIP-1) gene. The presence of the CS-like, CS-A, GH-variant and, most downstream, CS-B gene was confirmed by DNA blotting and sequence analysis. The TRIP-1 gene was detected 40 kb downstream of the CS-B gene and in the reverse transcriptional orientation to all the GH/CS genes. The TRIP-1 gene is highly homologous to the SUG-1 gene in yeast and is evolutionarily conserved among several species. Based on the common location of the GH and TRIP-1 (or homologue) genes on the same chromosome in the human, pig and rat genomes, we suggest that these loci are physically linked. Previously, it was reported that a muscle-specific sodium channel (SCN4A) gene is located immediately upstream of the pituitary growth hormone (GH-N) gene, and is linked to the GH gene locus in both humans and rats. This suggests a further linkage between the SCN4A, GH and TRIP-1 loci. Also, deoxyribonuclease hypersensitive sites have been reported in and around these loci and were associated with an important locus control region for the GH/CS genes. Unlike the GH/CS genes, we show, using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction that the TRIP-1 gene is expressed ubiquitously and, through RNA blotting, as a 1.4-kb transcript. This implies an open and active chromatin structure. The possible effect of this structure on the adjacent human GH/CS gene locus is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Surabhi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bose
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Kuschak
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Cattini
mesh_terms: D000074183:ATPases Associated with Diverse Cellular Activities; D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002886:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17 / Q000235:genetics*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D015870:Gene Expression; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D010928:Placental Lactogen / Q000235:genetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D013552:Swine; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D017931:DNA Primers; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins; C092282:PSMC5 protein, human; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D012313:RNA; D010928:Placental Lactogen; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; C069670:RPT6 protein, S cerevisiae; D000074183:ATPases Associated with Diverse Cellular Activities