title: New equipment for neuromuscular transmission monitoring: a comparison of the TOF-Guard with the Myograph 2000.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study is to clarify whether the bias and limits of agreement of the TOF-Guard and the mechanomyograph differ from those of two mechanomyographs on contra lateral arms. Previous studies of the bias and limits of agreement between acceleromyographical (TOF-Guard) and mechanomyographical measurements of neuromuscular transmission did not take the error introduced by using contra lateral arms into consideration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-two women undergoing gynecological surgery were anesthetized with midazolam, fentanyl, thiopental, halothane and nitrous oxide. Neuromuscular blockade was induced and maintained with atracurium. In 32 patients, neuromuscular monitoring was performed with a Myograph 2000 on one hand and a TOF-Guard at the other (M/T group). In 20 patients, monitoring was performed with a Myograph 2000 at both hands (M/M group). Train-of-four stimulations were applied to the ulnar nerve at the wrist in both groups. Bias and limits of agreement between the contra lateral hands in each group were calculated as proposed by Bland and Altman.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When the TOF ratio was 0.25, TOF ratio bias and limits of agreement in the M/T group were 0.86 and 17.58 to -15.85, respectively. Corresponding values in the M/M group were -1.75 and 12.3 to -8.8. Bias in the M/T group decreased significantly to -8.1 when TOF ratio increased to 0.70, resulting in limits of agreement of 12.1 to -28.4. The corresponding values in the M/M group were bias 2.0 and limits of agreement 10.7 to -6.7. TOF-Guard bias for onset time and time to 5% recovery of T1 (first twitch in TOF) were -19s and -1.5 min, respectively; both values differed significantly from zero (P < 0.05). Taken together with the changing TOF-ratio bias during recovery in the M/T group, these results indicate different onset and recovery curves for the two monitoring devices.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Due to wide limits of agreement and different recovery courses, acccleromyographic and mechanomyographic recordings of neuromuscular transmission cannot be used interchangeably. The substantial variation between simultaneous mechanomyographical recordings of neuromuscular transmission obtained in contra lateral arms suggests that this factor should be taken into account when studying new neuromuscular monitoring techniques using the two-arm technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Odense University Hospital, Denmark.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kirkegaard-Nielsen
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Helbo-Hansen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lindholm
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: I K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Severinsen
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Schmidt
mesh_terms: D000054:Acceleration; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001279:Atracurium / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015982:Bias; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004582:Electronics, Medical / Q000295:instrumentation; D004867:Equipment Design; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005836:Genitalia, Female / Q000601:surgery; D006221:Halothane / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000295:instrumentation*; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D019148:Neuromuscular Blockade; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000502:physiology*; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000502:physiology*; D014459:Ulnar Nerve / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; D001279:Atracurium; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D008874:Midazolam; D005283:Fentanyl; D006221:Halothane