title: Retinal vessel changes in galactose-fed dogs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Retinal lesions similar to those in human early-stage diabetic retinopathy have been reported to occur in dogs fed galactose for long periods. Investigations of retinal changes, however, have been limited to studies of the intact retinal vasculature isolated by trypsin digestion.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To document the onset and progression of retinal lesions in galactose-fed dogs by the common clinical techniques of fundus color photography and fluorescein angiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen 6-month-old male beagles made aphakic in 1 eye were divided into a control group (4 dogs), receiving a diet containing 30% cellulose, and a galactosemic group (10 dogs), receiving a diet containing 30% galactose. The progression of retinal changes in these dogs was periodically monitored by color fundus photography and fluorescein angiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dogs fed a 30% galactose diet for 28 to 41 months were observed by fluorescein angiography and color fundus photography to develop, in order of frequency, microaneurysms, retinal hemorrhages, intraretinal microvascular abnormalities, retinal nonperfused areas, and varicose and serpiginous veins. These findings are similar to the early clinical retinal changes observed in humans with diabetes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results confirm that galactosemic dogs are an appropriate and suitable animal model for investigating human diabetic retinopathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Fukui Medical University, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kasahara
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yonezawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Akagi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001035:Aphakia; D002199:Capillary Permeability; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D004285:Dogs; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D005690:Galactose / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005693:Galactosemias / Q000150:complications; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D012166:Retinal Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D005690:Galactose