title: Increased preoperative C-reactive protein (CRP)-values without signs of an infection and complicated course after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)-operations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  C-Reactive protein (CRP) is known to be a sensitive indicator of infection. Since it is also involved in the acute phase reaction, it is of great interest, whether an isolated preoperative increase of CRP without further signs of infection is of any prognostic value for postoperative outcome after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), which itself is possibly causing a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty patients with an isolated CRP-elevation (>5 mg/l) (from 6.2 to 93.3 mg/l) were operated using CPB (group A). A control group (group B) consisted of 50 cardiac surgery patients, matched in the patterns of age, gender and kind of disease. No preoperative CRP-elevation (from 0 to 4.8 mg/l) occurred in this group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The postoperative course of both groups showed significant differences. Septic complications were seen more often in group A (20%) than in the controls (2%) (P < 0.01). Microbiology (blood culture, cultures from nose, tracheal aspirate and urine) was positive only in 10% of these patients. Catecholamine support (epinephrine, norepinephrine and/or doses of dopamine or dobutamine of more than 3 microg/kg per min) was needed in 26% of group A cases, whereas it was only needed in 10% of group B (P < 0.05). A significantly longer respiratory support was also necessary in patients with elevated CRP (25.2 +/- 6.4 h vs. 6.6 +/- 0.8 h) (P < 0.01). Furthermore there was a significant difference in the duration of intensive care (4.6 +/- 0.8 days vs. 2.6 +/- 0.3 days) (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data show that patients without apparent infection or inflammation, who had elevated CRP-values preoperatively, face an increased risk of septic complications after extracorporeal circulation. As microbiology tests are negative in most cases, it may be speculated that the majority of septic complications are due to a SIRS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heinrich Heine University Hospital, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Boeken
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Feindt
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kalweit
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Petzold
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gams
mesh_terms: D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018805:Sepsis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D002097:C-Reactive Protein