title: Vasoactive intestinal peptide ameliorates reperfusion injury in rat lung transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) has been reported to have some properties that provide protection from lung injury. Furthermore, its protective effect in cold storage of donor lungs has been confirmed. We examined its effect and the timing of administration in an in vivo rat lung transplantation model.
  
  
  METHODS
  All lungs were flushed with low-potassium dextran-1% glucose solution, and orthotopic left lung transplantations were performed. Rats were divided into four groups (n = 6). Group I received no preservation or storage. Groups II, III, and IV grafts were stored for 18 hours at 4 degrees C. Group II received no VIP. Group III received VIP (0.1 g/ml) via the flush solution. Group IV recipients received VIP (3 microg/kg) intravenously just after reperfusion. Twenty-four hours after transplantation, the right main pulmonary artery and right main bronchus were ligated, and the rats were ventilated with 100% O2 for 5 minutes. Mean pulmonary arterial pressure, peak airway pressure, blood gas analysis, serum lipid peroxide level, tissue myeloperoxidase activity, and wet-dry weight ratio were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The partial O2 tension values of groups III and IV were better than group II (groups II, III, and IV: 147.4 +/- 71.4, 402.1 +/- 64.8, 373.4 +/- 81.0 mm Hg; p < 0.05). Peak airway pressure was lower in groups III and IV than in group II (groups II, III, and IV: 19.7 +/- 0.8, 16.7 +/- 0.9. and 16.3 +/- 1.0 mm Hg; p < 0.05). Mean pulmonary arterial pressure in group III was lower than group II (groups II and III: 36.3 +/- 3.0 and 22.1 +/- 2.2 mm Hg; p < 0.01). Wet-dry weight ratio in group III was lower than in groups II and IV (group II, III, and IV: 5.2 +/- 0.2, 4.4 +/- 0.2, and 5.2 +/- 0.3; II vs III; p < 0.05, III vs IV; p < 0.01). Serum lipid peroxide levels in groups III and IV were significantly lower (groups II, III, and IV: 2.643 +/- 0.913, 0.455 +/- 0.147, and 0.325 +/- 0.124 nmol/ml; p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VIP ameliorates reperfusion injury in an in vivo rat lung transplantation model. Either administration of VIP via the flush solution or systemically just after reperfusion was associated with improved pulmonary function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nagahiro
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Boasquevisque
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujino
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Patterson
mesh_terms: D000403:Airway Resistance; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000201:enzymology; D016040:Lung Transplantation; D008297:Male; D009926:Organ Preservation; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D011651:Pulmonary Artery; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000032:analysis; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; D009195:Peroxidase; D010100:Oxygen