Removal of cytokines and activated complement components in an experimental model of continuous plasma filtration coupled with sorbent adsorption.
BACKGROUND
Sepsis is associated with enhanced cytokine production. Here, we examined the in vitro removal of plasma cytokines during continuous plasmafiltration coupled with sorbent adsorption.


METHODS
Proinflammatory (tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukins-1, -8) and anti-inflammatory (interleukin 1 receptor antagonist, soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor type I and II) cytokines in whole blood spiked with Escherichia coli endotoxin were determined during 2-h recirculation in the ultrafiltrate (condition A), plasma filtrate (condition B), before and after different sorbents (of the Amberlite-, Amberchrome- Ambersorb -type and charcoal). We studied the maximal adsorbing capacity, the 1% leakage test for cytokines and C3a des Arg and the adsorption of complement-dependent leukocyte chemiluminescence. Plasma proteins eluted from the resins were examined by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting with an anti-human alpha2-macroglobulin.


RESULTS
In condition B, we observed a 40- and 121-fold % increase (vs condition A) in the removed mass and clearance of tumour necrosis factor-alpha. For all other cytokines, the removed mass and the clearance increased from 2.3- up to 6-fold. The Amberchrome but not the Amberlite or Ambersorb resins could remove the highest amount of cytokines and could reduce complement-dependent chemiluminescence. Two protein bands of approximately 400,000 D and 200,000 D were eluted only from Amberchrome resins and immunoprecipitated by anti-human alpha2-macroglobulin and anti-human C3c antibodies, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
These studies suggest an efficient removal of cytokines in continuous plasmafiltration with sorbent adsorption. The binding of alpha2-macroglobulin, a carrier of cytokines in plasma, might be a additional mechanism in the removal of cytokines from plasma.
Tetta
C
C
Clinical and Laboratory Research Department, Bellco S.p.A., Mirandola (Modena) Italy.
Cavaillon
J M
JM
Schulze
M
M
Ronco
C
C
Ghezzi
P M
PM
Camussi
G
G
Serra
A M
AM
Curti
F
F
Lonnemann
G
G
D000327:Adsorption; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006440:Hemofiltration / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000097:blood / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism; D010949:Plasma / Q000378:metabolism; D018805:Sepsis / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000097:blood / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014462:Ultrafiltration
D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors; D001798:Blood Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; C507763:IL1RN protein, human; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1; D016209:Interleukin-8; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D003165:Complement System Proteins