title: Papaverine solutions cause loss of viability of endothelial cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The optimal composition of the solution used for irrigation of saphenous veins used for cardiac surgery may influence ultimate graft patency due to potential injurious effects on the vein endothelium of some of the solution constituents.
  
  
  METHODS
  The viability of cultured saphenous vein endothelial cells was assessed after incubation of saphenous vein endothelial cells with solutions containing saline, saline with papaverine (0.15 M NaCl, 32.5 mg/mL papaverine), culture medium and buffered saline solution (Plasma-Lyte-A).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cell viability was significantly decreased after one hour incubation with solutions containing saline with papaverine (24.4+/-9.4%) as compared to culture medium and buffered saline solutions (medium 100%, Plasma-Lyte-A 86.8+/-6.90%). Loss of viability was directly related to the length of exposure of the cultured cells to papaverine. Morphologic changes of cells incubated with saline: papaverine were also seen including cell retraction and nuclear pyknosis. The cells exposed to medium recovered 100% viability whereas by 4 hours only 22% of the saline: papaverine cells were viable, and by 3 days this viability had fallen to 7.7%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Loss of viability was shown in cultured saphenous vein endothelial cells exposed to saline solutions containing papaverine, whereas no difference was found between culture medium, saline and balanced salt solutions. Cell death was directly related to the length of exposure of the cells to papaverine. Further, after short- and long-term recovery periods, there was little recovery of cell viability. Although papaverine is a potent vasodilator, exposure to this compound may compromise long-term viability of graft endothelial cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: F D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Rubens
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Labow
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Meek
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bedard
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Dudani
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Ganz
mesh_terms: D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003470:Culture Media; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D009926:Organ Preservation; D010208:Papaverine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000637:transplantation; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D010208:Papaverine