title: Increase in gingival inflammation under academic stress.
abstract: Several correlational questionnaire studies have observed a positive relationship between psychological stress and periodontal diseases. This paper analyses the effects of academic stress on periodontal health in a prospective quasi-experimental design. 26 medical students participating in a major exam and the same number of medical students not participating in any exam throughout the study period volunteered for the study. Bleeding on probing was assessed 4 weeks prior to the exam period (baseline) and at the last day of the exam. Severe deterioration in gingival health from baseline to the last exam day were observed more frequently in exam students than in controls (p=0.014). 6 exam students but only 1 control person developed a severe gingivitis at at least one formerly healthy tooth throughout the study period. These results further support the hypothesis that psychological stress is a significant risk factor for periodontal inflammation. Future studies should examine factors mediating this relationship.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Psychology, University of Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Deinzer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rüttermann
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Möbes
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Herforth
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000473:pathology; D005881:Gingiva / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000523:psychology; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications*; D013337:Students, Medical; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires