title: Roles of epidemiology, pathology, molecular biology, and biomarkers in the investigation of occupational lung cancer.
abstract: The pathology and molecular biology of lung cancer demonstrate that these tumors evolve through a series of mutations, molecular changes, and corresponding morphologic changes. To elucidate how occupational and environmental factors influence lung cancer histogenesis it is important not only to understand epidemiology and the interactions between etiologic agents but also to integrate information from pathology, biochemistry and molecular biology. This review focuses on the range of techniques currently available for characterizing lung cancer and how their prudent use can be beneficial in the identification of occupational carcinogens. Because many occupational and environmental lung cancers are caused by multiple etiologic agents, the integration of histology with cellular, biochemical and molecular biomarker techniques may provide new approaches for understanding the disease process.
authors.affiliation: Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vallyathan
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ducatman
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schulte
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers; D016021:Epidemiologic Studies; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008967:Molecular Biology; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers