title: Regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha is mediated by an O2-dependent degradation domain via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.
abstract: Hypoxia induces a group of physiologically important genes such as erythropoietin and vascular endothelial growth factor. These genes are transcriptionally up-regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), a global regulator that belongs to the basic helix-loop-helix PAS family. Although HIF-1 is a heterodimer composed of alpha and beta subunits, its activity is primarily determined by hypoxia-induced stabilization of HIF-1alpha, which is otherwise rapidly degraded in oxygenated cells. We report the identification of an oxygen-dependent degradation (ODD) domain within HIF-1alpha that controls its degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. The ODD domain consists of approximately 200 amino acid residues, located in the central region of HIF-1alpha. Because portions of the domain independently confer degradation of HIF-1alpha, deletion of this entire region is required to give rise to a stable HIF-1alpha, capable of heterodimerization, DNA-binding, and transactivation in the absence of hypoxic signaling. Conversely, the ODD domain alone confers oxygen-dependent instability when fused to a stable protein, Gal4. Hence, the ODD domain plays a pivotal role for regulating HIF-1 activity and thereby may provide a means of controlling gene expression by changes in oxygen tension.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schau
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Bunn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D002460:Cell Line; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D019281:Dimerization; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000378:metabolism*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D011485:Protein Binding; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014452:Ubiquitins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014452:Ubiquitins; D004247:DNA; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D010100:Oxygen