title: Effects of cardiopulmonary bypass and use of modified ultrafiltration.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hemodilution is a prominent problem in cardiopulmonary bypass in a pediatric population. Ultrafiltration is a method used to reduce fluid volume and tissue edema and to increase hematocrit without the need for blood products. Modified ultrafiltration may offer advantages in comparison with conventional ultrafiltration.
  
  
  METHODS
  This article reviews the technique of modified ultrafiltration and its use, results, complications, and safety in pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Modified ultrafiltration in pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass reduces total body water and serum levels of inflammatory mediators. It results in an elevated hematocrit without the need for transfusion, improved pulmonary compliance in the immediate postbypass period, and probably improved cerebral metabolic recovery after deep hypothermic circulatory arrest.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Modified ultrafiltration can be performed safely in neonatal patients after cardiopulmonary bypass and offers advantages in comparison with conventional ultrafiltration.
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Surgery and Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Ungerleider
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001778:Blood Coagulation Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014462:Ultrafiltration / Q000379:methods*