title: Thermal balloon endometrial ablation: safety aspects evaluated by serosal temperature, light microscopy and electron microscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Thermal balloon endometrial ablation is a new method for treating menorrhagia. The technique appears to be less difficult compared to standard hysteroscopic ablation techniques and to be significantly safer. The influence into the uterine wall of the thermal balloon ablation procedure was investigated with special reference to the ability of total destruction of the endometrium and the thermal action on the myometrium and the serosa.
  
  
  METHODS
  Temperatures were measured at the uterine serosal surface during thermal balloon endometrial ablation for 8-16 min in eight patients. After subsequent hysterectomy the extent of thermal damage into the myometrium was assessed by light and electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The highest temperature measured on the uterine serosa was 39.1 degrees C. Coagulation of the myometrium adjacent to the endometrium could be demonstrated by light microscopy in all patients, with a maximum depth of 11.5 mm. By electron microscopy no influence of heat could be demonstrated beyond 15 mm from the endometrial surface.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Up to 16 min of thermal balloon endometrial ablation therapy can destroy the endometrium and the submucosal layers. The myometrium is only coagulated to a depth where full thickness necrosis or injury is unlikely.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre Hospital, Denmark. lfa@danbbs.dk
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Meinert
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rygaard
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Junge
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Prentø
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Ottesen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002404:Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002823:Chorion / Q000502:physiology*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D007044:Hysterectomy; D008595:Menorrhagia / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D008853:Microscopy / Q000379:methods; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008875:Middle Aged