title: Randomised investigation of effects of pentoxifylline on left-ventricular performance in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is accumulating evidence that inflammatory cytokines have an important role in the pathogenesis of heart failure. Plasma concentrations of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) are high in heart failure and have been correlated with the severity of symptoms. Pentoxifylline suppresses the production of TNF-alpha. This study aimed to assess the effects of pentoxifylline on left-ventricular function and functional class in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We undertook a single-centre, prospective, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial, in which 28 patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy were assigned pentoxifylline 400 mg three times daily or matching placebo. Clinical, echocardiographic, and radionuclide assessments were done at baseline and after 6 months of treatment. Primary endpoints were New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class and left-ventricular function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline characteristics were similar in the two groups. Four patients died during the study period, all in the placebo group. After 6 months of treatment, the proportion of patients in NYHA functional class I or II was higher in the pentoxifylline group than in the placebo group (14/14 vs 10/14; p=0.01), and ejection fraction was higher in the pentoxifylline group than in the placebo group (mean 38.7% [SD 15.0] vs 26.8% [11.0], p=0.04). At 6 months, TNF-alpha plasma concentrations were significantly lower in the pentoxifylline-treated group than in the placebo group (2.1 [1.0] vs 6.5 [5.0] pg/mL, p=0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that pentoxifylline improves symptoms and left-ventricular systolic function in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. These results must be confirmed in larger-scale trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Baragwanath Hospital, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sliwa
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Skudicky
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Candy
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wisenbaugh
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sareli
mesh_terms: D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D015637:Gated Blood-Pool Imaging; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D010431:Pentoxifylline