title: Increased expression of epidermal growth factor receptor in normal epithelium adjacent to head and neck carcinomas independent of tobacco and alcohol abuse.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study we examined if expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in normal epithelium adjacent to head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) is increased and if this increase is due to the use of tobacco and alcohol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cut sections of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded material of histologically normal epithelium adjacent to HNSCC from 25 patients who smoke excessively and abuse alcohol, and 17 HNSCC patients who do not abuse tobacco and alcohol were compared with cut sections of normal epithelium from 27 control individuals. The sections were immunohistochemically stained for the EGFR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We show an elevation of the expression of the EGFR in patients who smoke and drink excessively, that could also be ascertained, to a lesser extent, in patients that do not have a history of smoking or drinking (P = 0.08). We also find that the closer the epithelium lies to the HNSCC the higher the expression of the EGFR is.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Expression of the EGFR is increased in tumour-adjacent epithelium and this is not only due to the use of tobacco and/or alcohol. We suggest that paracrine effects of the HNSCC and migration of tumour cells may also play a role in this increased expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology, Jordan Laboratory, University Hospital Utrecht, The Netherlands. MOIjen@AZU1.AZU.NL
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: van Oijen
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rijksen
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: ten Broek
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Slootweg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004848:Epithelium / Q000378:metabolism; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000378:metabolism; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D066246:ErbB Receptors