title: Correction of the twisted nose deformity: a surgical algorithm using the external rhinoplasty approach.
abstract: Successful correction of the twisted nose is challenging due to the complex nature of the underlying anatomic deformity. Although the literature has in general supported endonasal rhinoplasty techniques for the twisted nose, we propose a surgical algorithm using the external rhinoplasty approach. The algorithm offer a stepwise, structured method that is adaptable to individual variations in anatomic deformity. The advantages and relative disadvantages of the external rhinoplasty approach are discussed, and a clinical experience of 30 patients is reviewed. Application of the external rhinoplasty algorithm in correction of the twisted nose can yield consistently satisfactory functional and aesthetic results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, USA.
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Maas
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001458:Bandages; D002356:Cartilage / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002370:Casts, Surgical; D062109:Dermatologic Surgical Procedures; D004954:Esthetics; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D009295:Nasal Bone / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D015508:Nasal Obstruction / Q000601:surgery; D009300:Nasal Septum / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D009666:Nose / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D009667:Nose Deformities, Acquired / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology; D013165:Splints; D014420:Turbinates / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery