title: Effect of melatonin on activated macrophage TNF, IL-6, and reactive oxygen intermediates.
abstract: Melatonin has recently been investigated as a biological response modifier in sepsis and hypovolemic shock. Although melatonin is reported to influence a variety of inflammatory and immune responses, evidence supporting its effects on important macrophage-derived mediators is incomplete. This study was designed to determine whether melatonin alters the release TNF, IL-6, and reactive oxygen intermediates by activated macrophages. TNF and IL-6 bioactivity in LPS-stimulated Wistar rat alveolar macrophage and RAW 264.7 cell culture supernatants were unchanged by pretreatment with melatonin. Similarly, macrophage production of reactive oxygen intermediates, including H2O2 and superoxide anion, were unaffected by melatonin pretreatment. PMA-stimulated H2O2 production was determined in rat alveolar macrophages and RAW 264.7 cells. Superoxide anion generation was determined in the rat alveolar macrophage NR8383 cell line. Melatonin, at concentrations ranging from 10(-7) to 10(-4) M, does not alter LPS-stimulated TNF and IL-6, or PMA-stimulated H2O2 and superoxide anion production by the macrophage populations studied. These observations are in contrast to previous reports. Further studies are necessary to determine whether melatonin indirectly influences macrophage function by actions on nonmacrophage cell populations.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Dallas 75235-9081, USA.
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bernstein
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prager
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008550:Melatonin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D008550:Melatonin; D001205:Ascorbic Acid