title: Comparative toxic effects of iobitridol and iohexol on the kidney.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors compare the toxic effects of iobitridol and iohexol, which are nonionic contrast media with equivalent osmolalities and viscosities on the kidney.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a rat acute renal failure (ARF) model, iobitridol or iohexol (both at the dose of 2.87 g I/kg) were injected to rats after pretreatment with indomethacin and N omega-nitro-L-arginin methyl ester. The effects on histopathology, creatinine clearance, and urinary N-acethyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity were assessed. In a rat renal slice system, the slices were exposed to iobitridol or iohexol (both at the concentration range of 17.5-70 mg iodine/mL) for 60 min. The accumulation of para-aminohippuric acid (PAH), an organic anion, and the intracellular potassium content as the indicators of renal tubular injury were measured to assess the direct effects of iobitridol and iohexol on renal tubules.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the ARF model, no significant difference was detected between the effects of iobitridol and those of iohexol on the creatinine clearance and urinary NAG activity 24 hours after the injection. However, iobitridol produced a lower degree and incidence of renal tubular injury of renal proximal tubules (P < 0.001) and distal tubules (P < 0.05) compared with iohexol. In the rat renal slice system, the iobitridol treatment had significantly less effect on the PAH accumulation compared with iohexol (P < 0.001). There were no changes in the intracellular potassium content.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that iobitridol has significantly less toxic effects on the kidney compared with iohexol under the condition of our experiment.
authors.affiliation: Toxicology Laboratory, Yokohama Research Center, Mitsubishi Chemical Co., Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wasaki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gemba
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007472:Iohexol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D007672:Kidney Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D003287:Contrast Media; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; C093233:iobitridol; D007472:Iohexol; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; D007213:Indomethacin