title: Upregulation of hypothalamic nitric oxide synthase gene expression in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
abstract: Plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) is known to be elevated in patients with uncontrolled insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus who have plasma hyperosmolality with hyperglycaemia. Although osmotic stimuli cause an increase in nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity as well as synthesis of AVP and oxytocin in the paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic nuclei (SON), it is not known whether NOS activity in the hypothalamus changes in the diabetic patients who have plasma hyperosmolality with hyperglycaemia caused by insulin deficiency. Expression of the neuronal (n) NOS gene in the PVN and SON in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats was investigated by using in situ hybridization histochemistry and NADPH-diaphorase histochemical staining. Four weeks after intraperitoneal (i. p.) administration of STZ, male Wistar rats developed hyperglycaemia and plasma hyperosmolality. The expression of nNOS gene and NADPH-diaphorase staining in the PVN and SON remarkably increased in STZ-induced diabetic rats compared to control rats. Three weeks after administration of STZ, the diabetic rats were subcutaneously treated with insulin for 1 week, which resulted in significant suppression of the induction of nNOS, AVP and oxytocin gene expression in the PVN and SON. Furthermore, the induction of nNOS gene expression in the PVN and SON was suppressed in STZ-induced diabetic rats treated with phlorizin and diet to normalize hyperglycaemia without insulin treatment. These results suggest that upregulation of nNOS gene expression as well as AVP and oxytocin gene expression in the PVN and SON in STZ-induced diabetic rats may be associated with hyperglycaemia and plamsa hyperosmolality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Serino
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ueta
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tokunaga
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kabashima
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shibuya
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamashita
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D005796:Genes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D010121:Oxytocin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D010695:Phlorhizin / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013194:Staining and Labeling
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin; D010121:Oxytocin; D010695:Phlorhizin; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; C496322:Nos1 protein, rat; D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase