title: Clinical manifestations of mitochondrial DNA depletion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We studied five new patients with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion to better define the clinical spectrum of this disorder.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  mtDNA depletion has been associated with myopathy or hepatopathy, or both, in infants and young children. Involvement of the CNS and peripheral nervous system has not been clearly established.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the clinical course and performed morphologic, biochemical, and genetic analyses of muscle samples from five patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age at onset ranged from 3 months to 5 years, and one patient survived until age 10 1/2 years. Two patients had laboratory and clinical features reminiscent of dystrophinopathy, two had evidence of brain involvement, and two had peripheral neuropathy. Muscle biopsy specimens in all patients showed abundant ragged-red fibers. Biochemistry showed cytochrome c oxidase deficiency in all patients tested and decreased activities of other respiratory chain complexes in some.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inheritance appeared to be autosomal recessive, suggesting that mutations in nuclear DNA are responsible for mtDNA depletion. mtDNA depletion should be considered in children with mitochondrial disorders of uncertain etiology, and criteria for diagnosis are proposed.
authors.affiliation: H. Houston Merritt Clinical Research Center for Muscular Dystrophy and Related Diseases, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Vu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sciacco
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanji
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nichter
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bonilla
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chatkupt
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maertens
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shanske
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mendell
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Koenigsberger
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sharer
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Schon
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: DiMauro
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: DeVivo
mesh_terms: D015139:Blotting, Southern; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000378:metabolism; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000473:pathology; D009132:Muscles / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D010375:Pedigree; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D004247:DNA; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV