title: Plasma norepinephrine and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol concentrations and severity of depression in combat posttraumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Catecholamines are thought to play a significant role in the pathophysiology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but findings in PTSD have been discrepant.
  
  
  METHODS
  To obtain more information about catecholamine activity in PTSD, we sampled plasma norepinephrine (NE) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) concentrations over a 24-hour period in men with PTSD (n = 15) and major depressive disorder (MDD) (n = 12), and nonpsychiatric comparison subjects (n = 13), under unstimulated conditions. Chronobiological analyses were performed to determine possible changes in the circadian and ultradian release of these hormones.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant group differences were present for mean plasma NE levels (p = .03), but not MHPG. NE levels were significantly associated with severity of depression in the PTSD group (p = .002). Therefore, PTSD subjects were further subdivided into those with and without a comorbid secondary depression. Increased NE levels were only present in PTSD subjects who did not have a secondary depression. This study also found no significant group differences on any of the chronobiological parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results clarify that increased NE levels in PTSD may be confined to the subgroup of subjects who do not have comorbid depression, and as such, may help resolve some of the discrepancies in the literature regarding basal catecholamine activity.
authors.affiliation: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Program, Psychiatry Department, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yehuda
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Siever
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Teicher
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Levengood
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Gerber
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schmeidler
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000204:Activity Cycles; D000328:Adult; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D015897:Comorbidity; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008734:Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D008734:Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine