title: Whole blood viscosity and haematocrit are associated with internal carotid atherosclerosis in men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Alterations in blood viscosity and haematocrit have been described in patients with coronary and cerebrovascular diseases. The results have not been conclusive, as modifications of these parameters are often associated with the presence of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors. The aim of this study was to verify whether blood viscosity and haematocrit are increased in patients with carotid atherosclerosis, independently of the presence of CHD risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male patients with internal carotid atherosclerosis (ICA+, n = 28) were selected from participants in a cardiovascular disease prevention campaign. Controls (ICA-, n = 28), also participating in the prevention campaign, were matched for age and all the classical CHD risk factors. Plasma lipids, glucose and fibrinogen were determined by routine methods. Cigarette smoking and current drug therapy was established by questionnaire. Whole blood viscosity was measured at shear rates of 450 and 225/s, using a cone-plate viscometer. Echo-Doppler of carotid arteries was performed with an ATL Ultramark 9 HDI using a 5-10 MHz multifrequency probe.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blood pressure, plasma lipids, glucose, body mass index, fibrinogen and plasma viscosity were similar in the two groups. ICA+ patients, compared with the ICA- group, had significantly greater values of blood viscosity (4.52 +/- 0.37 cP compared with 4.18 +/- 0.45 cP, P < 0.005 respectively; shear rate 450/s) and haematocrit (48.57 +/- 3.19% compared with 45.57 +/- 4.81%, P < 0.008 respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings demonstrate that blood viscosity and haematocrit are increased in men with internal carotid atherosclerosis, independently of the presence of risk factors for atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Centro Aterosclerosi, University of Reggio Calabria, Catanzaro, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carallo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pujia
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Irace
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: De Franceschi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Motti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gnasso
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000502:physiology; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D001809:Blood Viscosity; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D006400:Hematocrit; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011336:Probability; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity