title: End tidal halothane concentration and postoperative analgesia requirements in dogs: a comparison between intravenous oxymorphone and epidural bupivacaine alone and in combination with oxymorphone.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of epidural bupivacaine (BUP) and oxymorphone/bupivacaine (O/B) and intravenous (i.v.) oxymorphone (IVO) on halothane requirements during hind end surgery and postoperative analgesia in 24 dogs. Dogs were randomly assigned to treatment groups: O/B--oxymorphone (0.1 mg/kg) in 0.75% bupivacaine (1 mg/kg for a total volume of 0.2 ml/kg); BUP--0.5% bupivacaine (1 mg/kg for a total volume of 0.2 ml/kg) with i.v. oxymorphone (0.05 mg/kg) postoperatively; and IVO--oxymorphone (0.05 mg/kg) pre- and postoperatively. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate, arterial blood pressure, end-tidal carbon dioxide and halothane, and arterial blood gases were recorded prior to treatment and every 15 minutes thereafter. Once surgery had begun, end-tidal halothane concentrations were decreased as low as possible while still maintaining a stable anesthetic plane. Data were analyzed using ANOVA with P < 0.05 considered significant. End-tidal halothane requirements did not differ significantly among treatments. Respiratory depression was increased and HR was decreased in the O/B and IVO groups. Postoperative analgesic requirements were significantly less in dogs receiving O/B.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph.
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Torske
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Dyson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pettifer
mesh_terms: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000698:Analgesia / Q000662:veterinary; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis / Q000662:veterinary; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D004285:Dogs / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006221:Halothane / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D007268:Injections, Epidural / Q000662:veterinary; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D010111:Oxymorphone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010111:Oxymorphone; D006221:Halothane; D002045:Bupivacaine