title: Diastolic ventricular function in children: a Doppler echocardiographic study establishing normal values and predictors of increased ventricular end-diastolic pressure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To extend noninvasive assessment of diastolic cardiac function into the pediatric age-group.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was divided into two phases, the first of which was designed to provide an age-appropriate set of normal diastolic Doppler echocardiographic data for children and adolescents and the second of which was to determine whether these Doppler techniques could be used to identify children with increased ventricular end-diastolic pressure (EDP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Complete echocardiographic studies focusing on Doppler variables of diastolic ventricular function were performed on 223 normal children. Values observed were analyzed for dependence on age, heart rate, and gender. Results from the normal group were then compared with Doppler values observed in a group of 24 children with catheterization-substantiated increases in ventricular EDP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Normal values for the Doppler factors studied vary with both age and heart rate. The variables that most confidently distinguished children with increased EDP from normal subjects were the ratio of and the difference between the durations of pulmonary vein atrial reversal and the mitral A wave. A ratio of 1.2 or more or a difference of 29 ms or more identified those children with increased EDP with sensitivities of 88 and 90% and specificities of 86 and 86%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of the normal data and the Doppler techniques described in this study will allow confident assessment of diastolic function in children as well as in adults.
authors.affiliation: Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: O'Leary
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Durongpisitkul
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Cordes
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hagler
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tajik
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Seward
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003971:Diastole; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012016:Reference Values; D012737:Sex Factors; D016276:Ventricular Function; D017725:Ventricular Pressure