title: Distribution and excretion of sertraline and N-desmethylsertraline in human milk.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterise milk/plasma (M/P) ratio and infant exposure, for sertraline and N-desmethylsertraline, in breast-feeding women taking sertraline for the treatment of depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight women (mean age 28 years) taking sertraline (1.05 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) and their infants (mean age 5.7 months) were studied. Sertraline and N-desmethylsertraline in plasma and milk were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography over a 24 h dose interval at steady-state. M/P values were estimated from area under the plasma and milk concentration-time curves. All milk produced was collected over the dose interval. Infant exposure was estimated as the product of actual or estimated milk production, and average drug concentration in milk, normalized to body weight and expressed as a percentage of the weight-adjusted maternal dose.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean milk production was 321 ml day(-1) (range 34-974 ml). Mean M/P values of 1.93 and 1.64 were calculated for sertraline and N-desmethylsertraline respectively. Infant exposure estimated from actual milk produced was 0.2% and 0.3% of the weight-adjusted maternal dose for sertraline and N-desmethylsertraline (as sertraline equivalents) respectively. When calculated from estimated milk production (0.15 l kg(-1) day(-1)), infant exposure was significantly greater (P<0.0001) at 0.90% and 1.32% for sertraline and N-desmethylsertraline respectively. Neither sertraline nor its N-desmethyl metabolite could be detected in plasma samples from the four infants tested. No adverse effects were observed in any of the eight infants and all had achieved normal developmental milestones.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Irrespective of the method of calculation of infant exposure, the mean total dose of sertraline and its N-desmethyl metabolite transmitted to infants via breast-feeding is low and unlikely to cause any significant adverse effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, Western Australia.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kristensen
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Ilett
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Dusci
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Hackett
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yapp
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Wojnar-Horton
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paech
mesh_terms: D015057:1-Naphthylamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001942:Breast Feeding; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D020280:Sertraline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D015057:1-Naphthylamine; C065162:desmethylsertraline; D020280:Sertraline