title: Accelerated linear growth and advanced bone age in Sotos syndrome is not associated with abnormalities of collagen metabolism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether the advanced bone age in Sotos syndrome is associated with alterations in type I collagen metabolism in bone.
  
  
  METHODS
  The metabolism of collagen was studied by analyzing the production, gene expression and degradation of type I collagen in dermal fibroblast strains from patients with Sotos syndrome and comparing them with fibroblasts from age-matched healthy subjects. Collagen production was determined as collagenase digestible radioactivity and collagen mRNA levels were measured by RT-PCR. Collagen degradation was assessed by specific collagenase assay and gelatin zymography. To determine the structural defects in type I collagen, the newly synthesized proteins were analyzed by SDS-PAGE before and after proteolytic digestion with pepsin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the present study, we have demonstrated that the collagen production, secretion and degradation in Sotos syndrome is comparable to controls. In addition, no qualitative differences in mRNA transcripts for type I collagen were detected between the control and Sotos syndrome fibroblasts. The secretion and intracellular accumulation of procollagen is also comparable to controls. The analysis of both procollagen and collagen on SDS-PAGE did not exhibit any major structural changes as compared with controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results on several aspects of collagen metabolism have demonstrated for the first time that collagen, the most abundant of mammalian proteins and the major constituent of bone, is normal in patients with Sotos syndrome. Therefore, it appears that the advanced bone age and accelerated linear growth seen in patients with Sotos syndrome may not be attributed to inherent abnormalities of collagen metabolism. The etiology and the pathogenesis of Sotos syndrome still remains unclear.
authors.affiliation: Matrix Research Laboratory, Munroe Meyer Institute for Genetics and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha 68198, USA.
authors.forename: V H
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Buehler
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Schaefer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000365:Age Determination by Skeleton; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002648:Child; D003094:Collagen / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D017364:Collagenases / Q000378:metabolism; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000378:metabolism; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000201:enzymology; D018093:Gelatinases / Q000378:metabolism; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D011347:Procollagen / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013577:Syndrome
chemical_list: D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D011347:Procollagen; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D003094:Collagen; D004492:Edetic Acid; D017364:Collagenases; D018093:Gelatinases; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9