title: IGF-I and/or growth hormone preserve diaphragm fiber size with moderate malnutrition.
abstract: Resistance to the anabolic effects of growth hormone (GH) occurs with severe caloric deficit. This study examined whether moderate caloric deficit (50% of daily intake for 7 days) in the adolescent rat exceeds a critical threshold for GH action and whether a combination of GH and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) would have enhanced anabolic effects on the diaphragm (Dia). Five groups of rats (4 wk old) were studied: 1) control (Ctl), 2) nutritionally deprived (ND), 3) ND + GH, 4) ND + IGF-I, and 5) ND + GH + IGF-I. IGF-I was given by continuous infusion (200 microg/day). GH was injected subcutaneously (250 microg every 12 h). Contractile and fatigue properties of the Dia were determined in vitro. Quantitative histochemical methods were used to determine Dia fiber type proportions, cross-sectional areas, and succinate dehydrogenase activities. The body weight of Ctl rats increased 46% compared with 7% in ND animals, whereas that of ND rats receiving growth factors was intermediate. Serum IGF-I levels were reduced 54% in ND animals and maintained with the provision of growth factors. Dia fatigue resistance was improved in ND animals receiving growth factors. There were no differences in Dia contractile properties, fiber type proportions, or succinate dehydrogenase activities across groups. ND resulted in atrophy/growth arrest of all Dia fibers (20-32%) compared with Ctl. Administration of IGF-I and/or GH completely prevented atrophy/growth arrest of all Dia fibers. No additive or synergistic effects were noted. We propose that these growth factors may provide useful short-term adjunctive nutritional support in circumstances in which the provision of optimal nutrition may be delayed or inadequate.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Burns and Allen Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA. lewism@cshs.org
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Feinberg
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fournier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D004347:Drug Interactions; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D007551:Isotonic Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D018763:Muscle Fatigue / Q000502:physiology; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D009748:Nutrition Disorders / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013385:Succinate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D013006:Growth Hormone; D013385:Succinate Dehydrogenase