Association of Helicobacter pylori infection with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease in diabetic patients.
OBJECTIVE
Infection by Helicobacter pylori has been epidemiologically linked to some extradigestive conditions, including ischemic heart disease. Diabetic patients are an at-risk population for cardiovascular and thrombo-occlusive cerebral disease. The aim of the study was to examine a possible relationship between H. pylori infection and cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease in diabetic patients.


METHODS
This was a cross-sectional case-control study with 127 diabetic patients (both IDDM and NIDDM). Special emphasis was placed on the detection of clinical macro- and microvascular complications, cardiovascular risk factors, acute phase reactants, and serological markers of increased cardiovascular disease risk. H. pylori infection was assessed through the determination of specific Ig-G titers, measured by a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.


RESULTS
Coronary heart disease was more prevalent in diabetic patients with than without H. pylori (odds ratio [OR] 4.07; 95% CI 1.21-13.6; P < 0.05). A history of thrombo-occlusive cerebral disease was also more frequent in H. pylori-positive diabetic patients (OR 4.8; 95% CI 1.24-18.51; P < 0.05). Other complications such as peripheral arteriopathy, advanced nephropathy, neuropathy, or retinopathy were no differently distributed according to serological status. Alterations in the levels of the following acute-phase reactants and blood chemistry determinations were significantly more profound in H. pylori-positive diabetic patients: high fibrinogen (P < 0.05), high erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P < 0.001), high triglycerides (P < 0.001), and low HDL cholesterol (P < 0.001). There values were also more deeply altered in H. pylori-positive diabetic patients with a history of coronary heart disease, thrombo-occlusive cerebral disease, or both, when compared with H. pylori-positive diabetic patients without those complications.


CONCLUSIONS
Our data indicate a possible association of H. pylori infection and the development of coronary heart disease, thrombo-occlusive cerebral disease, or both, in diabetic patients. The importance of this link is highlighted by the possibility of an effective intervention against H. pylori infection.
de Luis
D A
DA
Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain. daniel.deluis@hrc.es
Lahera
M
M
Cantón
R
R
Boixeda
D
D
San Román
A L
AL
Aller
R
R
de La Calle
H
H
D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000382:microbiology*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000382:microbiology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology*; D012307:Risk Factors
D015415:Biomarkers