title: Comorbidity of diabetes and eating disorders. Does diabetes control reflect disturbed eating behavior?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This multicenter study was designed to explore the prevalence of clinical and subclinical eating disorders (EDs), the extent of intentional omission of insulin and oral antidiabetic agents, and its relationship to glycemic control in an inpatient and outpatient population of men and women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data have been collected from 12 diabetes medical centers in two German cities. In a questionnaire and interview-based study, a sample of male and female patients (n = 341 type 1, n = 322 type 2) was assessed for the following eating disorders: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, and eating disorder not otherwise specified. For lack of interview data of several patients meeting the screening criteria, prevalence ranges were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall prevalence range of current EDs was 5.9-8.0% (lifetime prevalence 10.3-14.0%). When patients were stratified according to type 1 and type 2 diabetes, there was no difference in prevalence of EDs. However, the distribution of the EDs was different in both types of diabetes, with a predominance of binge eating disorder in the type 2 diabetes sample. Type 1 (5.9%) and type 2 (2.2%) diabetic patients reported deliberate omission of hyperglycemic drugs (insulin or oral agents) in order to lose weight. Compared with control subjects, neither the presence of EDs nor insulin omission influenced diabetic control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There seems to be no difference in prevalence rates of EDs in both types of diabetes; however, distribution of EDs is different. The findings suggest that neither EDs nor insulin omission are necessarily associated with poor control of glycemia. Binge eating disorder seems to precede type 2 diabetes in most patients and could be one of the causes of obesity that often precedes type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Essen, Germany. stephan.herpertz@uni-essen.de
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Herpertz
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Albus
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wagener
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kocnar
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Henning
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Best
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Foerster
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schulze Schleppinghoff
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Köhle
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Senf
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015897:Comorbidity; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001068:Feeding and Eating Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012650:Self Disclosure; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin