title: Colocalization of heparin and receptor binding sites on keratinocyte growth factor.
abstract: Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. FGFs are also known as heparin-binding growth factors because they bind to heparin and their physical and biological properties are modulated by heparin. Consistent with a role as a paracrine effector, KGF is produced by cells of mesenchymal origin but is active primarily, if not exclusively, on epithelial cells. KGF is involved in a variety of physiological processes, including proliferation, differentiation, wound healing, and cytoprotection. To identify regions in KGF that contribute to heparin and tyrosine kinase receptor interactions, nine peptides spanning defined motifs in the predicted structure of KGF were synthesized, and their heparin and receptor binding properties were analyzed. Peptides at the amino and carboxyl termini bound heparin, and one peptide showed relative binding comparable to that of KGF. Competitive binding studies showed that this peptide along with two other overlapping peptides specifically displaced KGF bound to the KGF receptor. These three peptides were also selectively recognized by a neutralizing monoclonal antibody against KGF, though only in the presence of heparin. Together, these data suggest that the sites for heparin and receptor binding both reside in the amino and carboxyl termini of KGF, which are spatially juxtaposed in the predicted three-dimensional structure of this molecule.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakaguchi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Saxinger
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Day
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McPhie
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Rubin
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Bottaro
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000378:metabolism; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D051526:Fibroblast Growth Factor 10; D051523:Fibroblast Growth Factor 7; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006493:Heparin / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010455:Peptides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D017510:Protein Folding; D051497:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism*; D017468:Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D051526:Fibroblast Growth Factor 10; D006133:Growth Substances; D010455:Peptides; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D017468:Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor; C037680:heparin receptor; D051523:Fibroblast Growth Factor 7; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; D006493:Heparin; D051497:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2; C065104:keratinocyte growth factor receptor