title: Diversity of calcium signaling by metabotropic glutamate receptors.
abstract: During prolonged application of glutamate (20 min), patterns of increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) were studied in HEK-293 cells expressing metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR1alpha or mGluR5a. Stimulation of mGluR1alpha induced an increase in [Ca2+]i that consisted of an initial transient peak with a subsequent steady plateau or an oscillatory increase in [Ca2+]i. The transient phase was largely attributed to Ca2+ mobilization from the intracellular Ca2+ stores, but the sustained phase was solely due to Ca2+ influx through the mGluR1alpha receptor-operated Ca2+ channel. Prolonged stimulation of mGluR5a continuously induced [Ca2+]i oscillations through mobilization of Ca2+ from the intracellular Ca2+ stores. Studies on mutant receptors of mGluR1alpha and mGluR5a revealed that the coupling mechanism in the sustained phase of Ca2+ response is determined by oscillatory/non-oscillatory patterns of the initial Ca2+ response but not by the receptor identity. In mGluR1alpha-expressing cells, activation of protein kinase C selectively desensitized the pathway for intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, but the mGluR1alpha-operated Ca2+ channel remained active. In mGluR5a-expressing cells, phosphorylation of mGluR5a by protein kinase C, which accounts for the mechanism of mGluR5a-controlled [Ca2+]i oscillations, might prevent desensitization and result in constant oscillatory mobilization of Ca2+ from intracellular Ca2+ stores. Our results provide a novel concept in which oscillatory/non-oscillatory mobilizations of Ca2+ induce different coupling mechanisms during prolonged stimulation of mGluRs.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Institute for Drug Discovery Research, Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ibaraki 305, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawabata
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kohara
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tsutsumi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Itahana
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hayashibe
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okada
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006801:Humans; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; D002118:Calcium