title: Contrast radiography of the lower urinary tract in the management of obstructive urolithiasis in small ruminants and swine.
abstract: Contrast radiographic visualization of the small ruminant and porcine lower urinary tract is an infrequently used modality for the evaluation and management of obstructive urolithiasis. The administration of contrast medium through a tube cystostomy catheter used to divert urine flow until the resolution of the obstruction may provide an easy method to evaluate the status of the urethral obstruction. Contrast fluoroscopy is utilized to monitor and visualize therapeutic flushing of the urethra. A review of 26 patients seen at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital suggested that among the radiographic techniques used, positive contrast normograde cystourethrography through the tube cystostomy catheter allowed the best visualization of the lower urinary tract structures and enabled assessment of the resolution of the obstructive lesion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Dykes
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Love
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Fubini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003559:Cystostomy / Q000662:veterinary; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006041:Goats; D008297:Male; D011859:Radiography; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014521:Urethra / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014524:Urethral Obstruction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000662:veterinary*