title: Efficacy of oral ciprofloxacin as selective intestinal decontaminant in cirrhosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Selective intestinal decontamination has been proposed to prevent bacterial infection in cirrhosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of ciprofloxacin as selective intestinal decontaminant.
  
  
  METHODS
  Quantitative microbiological studies on serial faeces were carried out in 15 cirrhotic patients. Ciprofloxacin was given orally at the starting dose of 250 mg every 12 hours for 7 days followed by a single dose of 250 mg/day from day 7 to day 14 and 125 mg/day for the next 3 weeks. Total stool samples were examined in basal conditions and on days 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 of treatment and 3 and 7 days after treatment withdrawal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gram-negative flora was completely eliminated in all patients by ciprofloxacin given at doses of 500 and 250 mg/day. When the drug was tapered to 125 mg/day, Escherichia coli reappeared in stools of 7 patients (antibiotic-resistant in one patient) and Klebsiella oxytoca in two patients (antibiotic-resistant in one patient). Faecal concentration of Group D Streptococcus was significantly increased at the end of therapy (basal mean 7.7 +/- 1.2 log CFU vs post treatment mean 9.6 +/- 0.5 log CFU, p < 0.05) while the faecal concentration of anaerobic flora and Candida albicans showed no change.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of this study demonstrate the efficacy of oral ciprofloxacin as a selective intestinal decontaminant and ciprofloxacin 250 mg/day is the recommended dose for maintaining Selective Intestinal Decontamination. However, the risks of inducing antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative flora and promoting overgrowth of Gram-positive flora must be carefully considered in all patients chronically treated with oral quinolones.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Borzio
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Salerno
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saudelli
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Galvagno
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Piantoni
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fragiacomo
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D002939:Ciprofloxacin