title: Endothelial cell proliferation activity in benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer: an in vitro model for assessment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Urinary excretion of several pro-angiogenic and antiangiogenic substances has been correlated with malignant tumor growth. The aim of this study was to assay angiogenic activity in urine from patients with cancer of the prostate and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
  
  
  METHODS
  Urine specimens from 22 healthy male volunteers (control), 33 patients with BPH and 29 with organ confined prostate cancer were analyzed for angiogenic activity in a bovine capillary endothelial cell proliferation assay. In parallel the concentration of basic fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor was determined by enzyme immunoassay in the corresponding urine specimens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Urine samples from patients with BPH and prostate cancer increased bovine capillary endothelial cell proliferation by 13.1% and 15.1%, respectively, whereas urine from the control group showed a significantly lower angiogenic activity, increasing endothelial cell proliferation by only 0.7% (p = 0.001). Urinary basic fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor were highest in patients with BPH and lowest in the group with prostate cancer (p = 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urine from patients with BPH and prostate cancer stimulates endothelial cell proliferative activity. The degree of endothelial cell stimulation does not correlate with the concentration of basic fibroblast growth factor or vascular endothelial growth factor. Whether the observed pro-angiogenic activity is due to an increased production or release of (an) other angiogenic factor(s) and/or loss of (an) angiogenesis inhibitor(s), deserves further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Julius-Maximilians University Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Weingärtner
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ben-Sasson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Richie
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Riedmiller
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Folkman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002455:Cell Division; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000652:urine; D004727:Endothelium / Q000473:pathology; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000473:pathology* / Q000652:urine; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000652:urine; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D008222:Lymphokines; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2