title: Effects of antidepressant treatment on neuroactive steroids in major depression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is evidence from animal studies that fluoxetine may enhance the concentrations of neuroactive steroids. Therefore, the authors investigated whether clinically effective treatment with antidepressants may alter the concentrations of neuroactive steroids in patients suffering from a major depressive episode.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the first study, eight drug-naive outpatients with major depression were studied during treatment with fluoxetine. In a complementary study, 11 inpatients with major depression were studied during a severe depressive episode and after recovery following treatment with different antidepressants. Plasma samples were quantified for neuroactive steroids by means of a highly sensitive and specific combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During depression, there was a significant decrease in 3 alpha, 5 alpha-tetrahydroprogesterone (3 alpha, 5 alpha-THP) and 3 alpha, 5 beta-THP concentrations, both of which are positive modulators of the gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptor, and a concomitant increase in 3 beta, 5 alpha-THP levels. This dysequilibrium of neuroactive steroids could be corrected by treatment with different antidepressants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results provide the first clinical evidence of a possible role of neuroactive steroids in successful antidepressant therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Romeo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ströhle
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Spalletta
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: di Michele
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hermann
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Holsboer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pasini
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rupprecht
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003687:Dehydroepiandrosterone / Q000097:blood; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011280:Pregnanolone / Q000097:blood; D011284:Pregnenolone / Q000097:blood; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D018079:Receptors, GABA / Q000187:drug effects; D013256:Steroids / Q000097:blood*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D018079:Receptors, GABA; D013256:Steroids; D005473:Fluoxetine; D003687:Dehydroepiandrosterone; D011374:Progesterone; D011284:Pregnenolone; D011280:Pregnanolone