title: A premodern legacy: the "easy" criminalization of homosexual acts between women in the Finnish Penal Code of 1889.
abstract: Homosexual acts between women were criminalized in Finland in the 1889 Penal Code which also criminalized men's homosexual acts for the first time explicitly in Finnish legislation. The inclusion of women in the Penal Code took place without much ado. In the article it is argued that the uncomplicated juxtaposing of men and women was due to the legacy of a cultural pattern where man and woman, as categories, were not in an all-pervasive polarity to each other, for example, in sexual subjectivity. A cultural pattern of low gender polarization was typical of preindustrial rural culture, and it can help us apprehend also certain other features in contemporary Finnish social and political life, for example, women obtaining a general franchise and eligibility for the parliament first in the world, in 1906. A modern image of "public man" and "private woman" was only making its way in Finnish society; hence, there was not much anxiety at women's entry in politics, or, for that matter, at their potential for (homo)sexual subjectivity becoming recognized publicly in criminal law.
authors.affiliation: Ethnology Department, University of Jyväskylä, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Löfström
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D049672:History, 19th Century; D018452:Homosexuality, Female / Q000266:history*; D006801:Humans; D007878:Legislation as Topic / Q000266:history; D008297:Male