title: Pharmacist-patient privilege, confidentiality, and legally-mandated counseling: a legal review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To indicate the necessity for uniform, privileged status of pharmacist-patient communications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Published cases (LEXIS), literature (NEXIS and MEDLINE), and abstracts available through November 1997. CASE SELECTION AND DATA ABSTRACTION: Selected by the authors for inclusion based on objectives, publication in English, and usefulness of information for practicing pharmacists.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Since pharmacists are now legally required to counsel patients under federal and state laws, protection of the confidentiality of such information is of concern. Statutes are largely silent on the issue of pharmacist-patient communications, particularly oral communications. Some states recognize privilege (protection from subpoenas and court orders), others provide confidentiality only (information must be divulged only upon subpoena or court order), and most states specify neither type of protection for pharmacist-patient communications. An evaluation of case law indicates personal and legal risks, for both pharmacist and patient, associated with unprivileged communications occurring within a counseling situation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pharmacist-patient communications must be granted privileged status, in all states, to protect both pharmacist and patient if pharmacists are to fulfill their legally-mandated counseling responsibilities.
authors.affiliation: DePaul University, Chicago, Ill., USA. amcbri1@uic.edu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Craft
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McBride
mesh_terms: D003219:Confidentiality / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D003376:Counseling; D006801:Humans; D010595:Pharmacists