title: Coadministration of galanin antagonist M40 with a muscarinic M1 agonist improves delayed nonmatching to position choice accuracy in rats with cholinergic lesions.
abstract: The neuropeptide galanin is overexpressed in the basal forebrain in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In rats, galanin inhibits evoked hippocampal acetylcholine release and impairs performance on several memory tasks, including delayed nonmatching to position (DNMTP). Galanin(1-13)-Pro2-(Ala-Leu)2-Ala-NH2 (M40), a peptidergic galanin receptor ligand, has been shown to block galanin-induced impairment on DNMTP in rats. M40 injected alone, however, does not improve DNMTP choice accuracy deficits in rats with selective cholinergic immunotoxic lesions of the basal forebrain. The present experiments used a strategy of combining M40 with an M1 cholinergic agonist in rats lesioned with the cholinergic immunotoxin 192IgG-saporin. Coadministration of intraventricular M40 with intraperitoneal 3-(3-S-n-pentyl-1,2,5-thiadiazol-4-yl)-1,2,5, 6-tetrahydro-1-methylpyridine (TZTP), an M1 agonist, improved choice accuracy significantly more than a threshold dose of TZTP alone. These results suggest that a galanin antagonist may enhance the efficacy of cholinergic treatments for the cognitive deficits of AD.
authors.affiliation: Section on Behavioral Neuropharmacology, Experimental Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20982, USA.
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Willard
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Wenk
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Crawley
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000378:metabolism; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D002755:Choice Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D018678:Cholinergic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002799:Cholinergic Fibers / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D019004:Galanin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000922:Immunotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018721:Muscarinic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D009699:N-Glycosyl Hydrolases; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D043643:Receptor, Muscarinic M1; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000502:physiology*; D054789:Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1; D000076985:Saporins; D013830:Thiadiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C085696:192 IgG-saporin; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D018678:Cholinergic Agents; D000922:Immunotoxins; C079517:M40; D018721:Muscarinic Agonists; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011725:Pyridines; D043643:Receptor, Muscarinic M1; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D054789:Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1; D013830:Thiadiazoles; D019004:Galanin; C075257:xanomeline; D009699:N-Glycosyl Hydrolases; D000076985:Saporins; D000109:Acetylcholine