title: The status of human papillomavirus and tumor suppressor genes p53 and p16 in carcinomas of uterine cervix from India.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Infection with the high-risk strain of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) and the inactivation of the tumor suppressor gene p53 through mutation are important factors in cervical carcinogenesis. To know whether such events would occur in cervical carcinomas of Indians, 43 tumors (consisting of 36 of stage III B and 6 of stage II B) were screened for p53 and p16 gene mutations.
  
  
  METHODS
  PCR followed by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis were used to detect mutations in p53 and p16 genes and PCR for the presence of human papillomavirus genome. HPV status was ascertained by PCR amplification of parts of E6 and E7 genes using primers pU-1M and pU-2R and typing was carried out by restriction analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 43 samples analyzed, 4 samples (9%) showed mobility shifts for p53 mutations; PCR products of the p16 gene did not show band shifts in SSCP analysis. HPV DNA was detected in 70% of the 43 samples analyzed: HPV 16 in 23 cases (53%), HPV 18 in 4 cases (13.3%), and HPV 33 in 1 case (3.3%). Two amplified HPV DNAs that were difficult to type with various restriction enzymes were cloned and the amplified regions were sequenced. One of these was 93% close to HPV 35 and the other was 80% close to HPV 58. Three samples had both p53 mutations and HPV genome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that HPV 16 infection was more common than HPV 18, the p53 mutations and HPV infection were not mutually exclusive events in the genesis of carcinoma of uterine cervix among Indian women, and p16 gene may not play a role in Indian cervical carcinomas.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Biology Division, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, India.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Munirajan
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kannan
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bhuvarahamurthy
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujinaga
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tsuchida
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shanmugam
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D019942:Genes, p16 / Q000235:genetics*; D016158:Genes, p53 / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018807:Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral