title: Corticotropin releasing factor receptor 1-deficient mice display decreased anxiety, impaired stress response, and aberrant neuroendocrine development.
abstract: Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) is a major integrator of adaptive responses to stress. Two biochemically and pharmacologically distinct CRF receptor subtypes (CRFR1 and CRFR2) have been described. We have generated mice null for the CRFR1 gene to elucidate the specific developmental and physiological roles of CRF receptor mediated pathways. Behavioral analyses revealed that mice lacking CRFR1 displayed markedly reduced anxiety. Mutant mice also failed to exhibit the characteristic hormonal response to stress due to a disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Homozygous mutant mice derived from crossing heterozygotes displayed low plasma corticosterone concentrations resulting from a marked agenesis of the zona fasciculata region of the adrenal gland. The offspring from homozygote crosses died within 48 hr after birth due to a pronounced lung dysplasia. The adrenal agenesis in mutant animals was attributed to insufficient adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) production during the neonatal period and was rescued by ACTH replacement. These results suggest that CRFR1 plays an important role both in the development of a functional HPA axis and in mediating behavioral changes associated with anxiety.
authors.affiliation: Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, The Salk Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Aubry
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dellu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Contarino
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Bilezikjian
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Gold
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Marchuk
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hauser
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Bentley
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Sawchenko
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Koob
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Vale
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology; D000307:Adrenal Gland Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality; D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001007:Anxiety / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D002678:Chimera; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000502:physiology*; D006720:Homozygote; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008818:Mice, Neurologic Mutants; D009154:Mutation / Q000502:physiology; D009490:Neurosecretory Systems / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000473:pathology; D010286:Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000254:growth & development; D018019:Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000235:genetics*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D018019:Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D003345:Corticosterone