title: Chemokines in the gastric mucosa in Helicobacter pylori infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although chemokines have been suggested to play an important role in Helicobacter pylori associated gastritis, few studies have investigated the role of chemokines other than interleukin 8 (IL-8) in gastric mucosa.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the expression and production patterns of various chemokines using gastric biopsy specimens.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 192 patients, expression patterns of C-X-C chemokines (IL-8 and growth regulated alpha (GRO alpha)) and C-C chemokines (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and presumably secreted (RANTES), monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF), macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha), and MIP-1 beta) were examined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). cagA gene was identified using PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  H pylori infection was associated with increased rates of expression of mRNA for IL-8, GRO alpha, RANTES, and MIP-1 alpha and with increased levels of mucosal IL-8 and GRO alpha. IL-8 and GRO alpha levels correlated with the density of H pylori in both the antrum and corpus. The levels of these chemokines correlated with cellular infiltration in the antrum but not the corpus. cagA gene positive H pylori infection was associated with increased rates of expression of mRNA for IL-8 and GRO alpha and with increased levels of these chemokines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  H pylori infection is associated with increased expression rates and production of C-X-C chemokines (IL-8 and GRO alpha), but not with increased production of C-C chemokines. Although H pylori infection is associated with increased C-X-C chemokines in the antrum and corpus, there is a difference in the inflammatory response between these two areas of the stomach.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamaoka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kita
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kodama
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sawai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanahashi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kashima
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Imanishi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000235:genetics; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D002630:Chemotactic Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000378:metabolism*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011706:Pyloric Antrum; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: C475829:CXCL1 protein, human; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D002630:Chemotactic Factors; D006133:Growth Substances; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D016209:Interleukin-8; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger