title: Alprazolam reduces response to loud tones in panic disorder but not in posttraumatic stress disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and panic disorder (PD) share several clinical features, and theory postulates that phasic arousal is similarly dysregulated in both. The modulation of phasic arousal can be probed by measuring the effect of pharmacologic agents on auditory startle.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eyeblink electromyogram, heart rate, and skin conductance (SC) responses to 15 consecutive presentations of 1000-Hz, 95-dB, zero rise-time pure tones were measured, before and during treatment with alprazolam, in 9 PTSD and 9 PD patients. Concurrent anxiety was assessed by the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The groups did not differ in initial psychometric and physiological measures. Significant decrease in anxiety was observed in both groups during treatment. A decrease in response probability and a decrease in the SC responses were observed in PD, but not in PTSD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results may reflect a difference in the modulation of phasic arousal between the disorders. They may also express an impaired between-session habituation or contextual sensitization in PTSD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: A Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Shalev
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bloch
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Peri
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bonne
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000328:Adult; D000525:Alprazolam / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001143:Arousal / Q000187:drug effects; D001307:Auditory Perception / Q000187:drug effects*; D001767:Blinking / Q000187:drug effects; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004576:Electromyography / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005712:Galvanic Skin Response / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013216:Reflex, Startle / Q000187:drug effects*; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000525:Alprazolam