title: Influence of temperature on adenovirus-mediated gene transfer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The transfer of recombinant genes to donor organs may allow for novel therapeutic approaches to the challenges of acute and chronic rejection. Adenoviral vectors are capable of efficient gene transfer, but use of these vectors during donor organ preservation may be less efficient due to the low temperature. This study was designed to examine the effect of temperature on the efficiency of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gene transfer to human endothelial cells, porcine vascular smooth muscle cells and cultured rat thoracic aortas was examined. Incubation with an adenoviral vector encoding for E. coli beta-galactosidase was performed for 1 h at three different temperatures: 4 degrees C, 10 degrees C and 37 degrees C. Transgene expression was assessed by histochemical staining for beta-galactosidase in transduced cells and by evaluation of beta-galactosidase activity in organ cultures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both in human endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells the percentage of positively staining cells following transduction at 37 degrees C was significantly greater than at 4 degrees C and at 10 degrees C (30.55 +/- 7.26% vs. 14.29 +/- 3.79% and 12.43 +/- 2.47%, respectively for endothelial cells, P < 0.01 vs. 4 degrees C and 10 degrees C; and 28.25 +/- 4.52% vs. 17.91 +/- 3.76% and 16.63 +/- 3.92%, respectively for smooth muscle cells, P < 0.05 vs. 4 degrees C, P < 0.01 vs. 10 degrees C). Beta-galactosidase activity was significantly greater in aortas transduced at 37 degrees C than in vessels transduced at 4 degrees C and 10 degrees C (289,700 +/- 113,300 vs. 149,600 +/- 54,390 and 108,800 +/- 23,140 relative chemiluminesce units/mg of total protein, respectively; P < 0.05 vs. 4 degrees C, P < 0.001 vs. 10 degrees C).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study demonstrates that the efficiency of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer is significantly reduced at lower temperatures. The need for cold preservation of donor organs may render efficient adenovirus-mediated gene transfer more difficult in the transplantation setting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pellegrini
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jeppsson
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Fitzpatrick
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yap
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Tazelaar
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: McGregor
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000201:enzymology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000201:enzymology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000201:enzymology; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D013552:Swine; D013696:Temperature; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D001616:beta-Galactosidase