title: Engineering analysis of penile hemodynamic and structural-dynamic relationships: Part III--Clinical considerations of penile hemodynamic and rigidity erectile responses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The extent to which hemodynamic erectile responses predict penile buckling forces has not previously been analytically investigated. An engineering study was performed to compare hemodynamic data with penile buckling force values.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dynamic infusion pharmacocavernosometry studies in 21 impotent patients (age 43, range 24-62 y) were accomplished to obtain information during penile erection concerning hemodynamic values, penile buckling forces and their determinants: intracavernosal pressure, erectile tissue mechanical properties and penile geometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the 21 patients, discrepancies existed in several patients who demonstrated normal hemodynamic values (low flow-to-maintain and high equilibrium intracavernosal pressures) but elevated cavernosal compliance values and diminished penile buckling forces. There was poor correlation between cavernosal compliance and equilibrium intracavernosal pressure (r = -0.36); better correlation between compliance and expandability (r = -0.72) and best correlation between dimensionless compliance and the dimensionless product of expandability with equilibrium pressure (r = -0.88). These data implied that cavernosal compliance was dependent on multiple factors, not only equilibrium intracavernosal pressure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hemodynamic indices which correlate with intracavernosal pressure alone do not predict penile buckling forces since the latter are dependent not only on intracavernosal pressure but also on penile geometry and erectile tissue properties. The most relevant tissue property in predicting adequate penile buckling forces is cavernosal expandability. A new impotence classification system and diagnostic algorithm based on the determinants of penile rigidity and not exclusively on hemodynamic responses in proposed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Boston University School of Medicine, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Udelson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nehra
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Hatzichristou
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Azadzoi
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Moreland
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Krane
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Saenz de Tejada
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Goldstein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001698:Biomedical Engineering; D001794:Blood Pressure; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000145:classification / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D010410:Penile Erection; D010413:Penis / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000503:physiopathology*