title: Stability of cardiodynamic and some blood parameters in the baboon following intravenous anaesthesia with ketamine and diazepam.
abstract: The stability of cardiodynamic and some blood parameters during a slow, continuous infusion of a combination of ketamine and diazepam is reported. Contractility (dP/dt), myocardial relaxation (Tln), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), arterial blood pressure and certain blood parameters were assessed in 3 male and 3 female juvenile baboons (Papio ursinus). Anaesthesia was induced with 15 mg/kg ketamine i.m. and maintained with a continuous i.v. infusion (40-60 ml/h) of ketamine and diazepam. The mixture consisted of 2 ml ketamine (100 mg/ml), 2 ml diazepam (5 mg/ml) and 50 ml saline. A period of 75 +/- 10 min was allowed for preparation of the animals, after which lead II of the ECG, femoral artery blood pressure and left ventricular pressure were recorded at 15-min intervals for a period of 2 h: the total duration of anaesthesia was 195 min. Arterial blood samples were analysed at 30-min intervals for blood gases, electrolytes, glucose and insulin. Left ventricular parameters were derived from the left ventricular pressure curve. Tln, LVSP and LVEDP showed small fluctuations. Contractility decreased (p < 0.037) at the 195-min interval. No arrhythmias or ECG changes were seen, while blood pressure decreased gradually. Serum calcium concentration decreased and blood glucose levels increased gradually over time. Anaesthesia and analgesia were sufficient and no other drugs were necessary. The animals appeared sedated and dazed 60-80 min after the procedure. A continuous infusion of a combination of ketamine and diazepam for a duration of 150 min can provide stable anaesthesia for cardiodynamic measurements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Southern Africa, Medunsa, South Africa.
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: du Plooy
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Schutte
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Still
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hay
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Kahler
mesh_terms: D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000662:veterinary; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000187:drug effects*; D003975:Diazepam / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D007649:Ketamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D010215:Papio / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D004338:Drug Combinations; D007649:Ketamine; D003975:Diazepam