title: A quantitative assessment of the jugular foramen.
abstract: While it is generally accepted that the right jugular foramen is larger than the left, little quantitative evidence exists on the exocranial and endocranial openings of this foramen. The present study set out to clarify and quantify measurements of the two openings. The dimensions of the exocranial and endocranial openings of the jugular foramen and the volume and height of the jugular fossa were examined in a total sample of 93 skulls from white and black, male and female South Africans. The volume of the jugular fossa was determined with the use of a dental impression material. The exocranial area of the right jugular foramen was significantly larger (p < 0.05) than the left in the black group, while the endocranial area of the right foramen was significantly larger (p < 0.05) than the left only in black males. The height of the jugular fossa was significantly larger (p < 0.05) on the right side only in the black group. The volume of the jugular foramen was significantly larger (p < 0.05) on the right side only in females of both groups. Although the jugular foramen is generally larger on the right side than on the left, its size as well as the volume and height of the jugular fossa is variable in different groups and sexes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Navsa
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kramer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044383:Black People; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009777:Occipital Bone / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013701:Temporal Bone / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D044465:White People