title: Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity by adenovirus-mediated gene transfer and its effect on insulin action.
abstract: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-K) is implicated in cellular events including glucose transport, glycogen synthesis, and protein synthesis. It is activated in insulin-stimulated cells by binding of the Src homology 2 (SH2) domains in its 85-kDa regulatory subunit to insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), and, others. We have previously shown that IRS-1-associated PI 3-kinase activity is not essential for insulin-stimulated glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and that alternate pathways exist in these cells. We now show that adenovirus-mediated overexpression of the p85N-SH2 domain in these cells behaves in a dominant-negative manner, interfering with complex formation between endogenous PI 3-K and its SH2 binding targets. This not only inhibited insulin-stimulated IRS-1-associated PI 3-kinase activity, but also completely blocked anti-phosphotyrosine-associated PI 3-kinase activity, which would include the non-IRS-1-associated activity. This resulted in inhibition of insulin-stimulated glucose transport, glycogen synthase activity and DNA synthesis. Further, Ser/Thr phosphorylation of downstream molecules Akt and p70 S6 kinase was inhibited. However, co-expression of a membrane-targeted p110(C) with the p85N-SH2 protein rescued glucose transport, supporting our argument that the p85N-SH2 protein specifically blocks insulin-mediated PI 3-kinase activity, and, that the signaling pathways downstream of PI 3-kinase are intact. Unexpectedly, GTP-bound Ras was elevated in the basal state. Since p85 is known to interact with GTPase-activating protein in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, the overexpressed p85N-SH2 peptide could titrate out cellular GTPase-activating protein by direct association, such that it is unavailable to hydrolyze GTP-bound Ras. However, insulin-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation was inhibited. Thus, PI 3-kinase may be required for this action at a step independent of and downstream of Ras. We conclude that, in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, non-IRS-1-associated PI 3-kinase activity is crucial for insulin's metabolic signaling, and that overexpressed p85N-SH2 protein inhibits a variety of insulin's ultimate biological effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Egawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Huvar
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Boss
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Olefsky
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000256:Adenoviridae; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000201:enzymology; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D004261:DNA Replication; D003847:Deoxyglucose / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000502:physiology*; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D051379:Mice; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D003847:Deoxyglucose; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate; D007328:Insulin; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); D012333:RNA, Messenger; C526292:IRS1 protein, human; C526295:Irs1 protein, mouse; C501009:HRAS protein, human