title: Oral guar gum treatment of intrahepatic cholestasis and pruritus in pregnant women: effects on serum cholestanol and other non-cholesterol sterols.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Our aim was to investigate whether intestinal binding of bile acids by guar gum, a dietary fibre, relieves cholestasis and pruritus in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight pregnant women with cholestasis and pruritus were randomized double-blind to guar gum and placebo until the time of delivery, and 20 healthy pregnant women were used as control subjects. The pruritus score and serum bile acids, lipids and non-cholesterol sterols were measured at baseline, at least 2 weeks after treatment, just before delivery and up to 4 weeks after delivery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The increase in serum bile acids and worsening of pruritus were prevented by guar gum in relation to placebo (P < 0.05). Serum cholesterol was unchanged, but increased cholesterol precursor sterol values suggested that cholesterol synthesis was increased by guar gum. Serum cholestanol proportion, an indicator of cholestasis, was related to pruritus but was unaffected by guar gum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and pruritus, guar gum treatment is beneficial in relieving pruritus, even although indicators of cholestasis are only partially reduced.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gylling
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Riikonen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nikkilä
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Savonius
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Miettinen
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D004083:Cholestanol / Q000097:blood*; D002780:Cholestasis, Intrahepatic / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D003897:Desmosterol / Q000097:blood; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005685:Galactans / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D008351:Mannans / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010840:Phytosterols; D053149:Plant Gums; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011537:Pruritus / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011897:Random Allocation; D012855:Sitosterols / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D004043:Dietary Fiber; D005685:Galactans; D008351:Mannans; D010840:Phytosterols; D053149:Plant Gums; D012855:Sitosterols; D003897:Desmosterol; C021273:campesterol; C025473:gamma-sitosterol; C001521:lathosterol; D004083:Cholestanol; D002784:Cholesterol; C007894:guar gum