title: A prospective, randomized trial comparing laparoscopic versus conventional techniques in colorectal cancer surgery: a preliminary report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Uncontrolled studies using laparoscopic techniques in colorectal surgery have not demonstrated clear advantages to these procedures compared with conventional ones, and surgeons are concerned about unusual early recurrences reported after laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a prospective, randomized trial in one surgical department comparing laparoscopic (LAP) and conventional (CON) techniques in 109 patients undergoing bowel resection for colorectal cancers or polyps. Postoperatively, all patients underwent measurement of pulmonary function tests every 12 hours, and were treated identically on a highly controlled protocol with regard to analgesic administration, feeding, and postoperative care.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 55 patients assigned to LAP and 54 to the CON group, there were 42 and 38 with cancer, respectively (the other patients had large adenomas). Overall recovery of 80% of forced expiratory volume in 1 second and forced vital capacity was a median of 3 days for LAP and 6.0 days for CON (p = 0.01). LAP patients used significantly less morphine than CON patients up to the second day after surgery (0.78 +/- 0.32 versus 0.92 +/- 0.34 mg/kg per day, p = 0.02). Flatus returned a median of 3.0 days after LAP versus 4.0 days after CON surgery (p = 0.006). Tumor margins were clear in all patients. After a median followup of 1.5 years (LAP) and 1.7 years (CON), there were no port site recurrences in the LAP group. Seven cancer-related deaths have occurred (three in the LAP group, four in the CON group).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within this prospective, randomized trial, laparoscopic techniques were as safe as conventional surgical techniques and offered a faster recovery of pulmonary and gastrointestinal function compared with conventional surgery for selected patients undergoing large bowel resection for cancer or polyps. There were no apparent shortterm oncologic disadvantages. Longer followup is needed to fully assess oncologic outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH 44195-5044, USA.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Milsom
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Böhm
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Hammerhofer
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fazio
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Steiger
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Elson
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000601:surgery; D000236:Adenoma / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003106:Colon / Q000601:surgery; D003111:Colonic Polyps / Q000601:surgery*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012007:Rectum / Q000601:surgery; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics