title: Principles for Sustainable Governance of the Oceans
abstract: Pressures being exerted on the ocean ecosystems through overfishing, pollution, and environmental and climate change are increasing. Six core principles are proposed to guide governance and use of ocean resources and to promote sustainability. Examples of governance structures that embody these principles are given.
authors.affiliation: R. Costanza, Univ. of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Biology Dept., and Inst. for Ecological Economics, P.O. Box 38, Solomons, MD 20688, USA. F. Andrade, Marine Laboratory of Guia, Sciences Faculty of Lisbon Univ. (FCUL), Estrada do Guincho, 2750 Cascais, Portugal. P. Antunes and R. Santos, Ecoman Center, Dept. of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, New University of Lisbon, Quinta da Torre, 2825 Monte da Caparica, Portugal. M. van den Belt, Ecological Economics Research and Applications, Inc., P.O. Box 1589, Solomons, MD 20688, USA. D. Boersma, Dept. of Zoology, Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. D. Boesch, Univ. of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, P.O. Box 775, Cambridge, MD 21613, USA. F. Catarino, Faculty of Sciences, Univ. of Lisbon, Rua Escola Politecnica, 58, 1250 Lisbon, Portugal. S. Hanna, Dept. of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Oregon State Univ., Corvalis, OR 97331-3601, USA. K. Limburg, Dept. of Systems Ecology, Univ. of Stockholm, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden. B. Low, School of Natural Resources, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI 48109-1115, USA. M. Molitor, Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia Univ., P.O. Box 689, Oracle, AZ 85623, USA. J. G. Pereira, Dept. of Oceanography and Fisheries, Univ. of the Azores, PT 9900 Horta, Azores, Portugal. S. Rayner, Battelle, 901 D Street SW, Suite 900, Washington, DC 20024-2115, USA. J. Wilson, School of Marine Sciences, Univ. of Maine, Orono, ME 04469-5741, USA. M. Young, CSIRO Land and Water, Private Bag No. 2, Glen Osmond, Australia 5064.
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Costanza
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Antunes
authors.lastname: den Belt M
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Boersma
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Boesch
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Catarino
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hanna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Limburg
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Low
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Molitor
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rayner
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Young