title: Relationship between plasma testosterone concentrations and age, breeding season and harem size in Misaki feral horses.
abstract: Jugular vein blood samples were collected from 23 young and sexual mature feral stallions to examine the relationship between plasma testosterone concentration and age, breeding season or harem size. Testosterone concentration increased with the age of the stallions until they formed their own harems, at about 4 to 6 years old. Seasonal variations in testosterone concentrations were observed, and found to be significantly higher (P<0.001) throughout the breeding season than non-breeding season, from 3 years of age. Testosterone levels were correlated with harem size for individual stallions. It can be inferred from these results that there is a relationship between plasma testosterone concentration and age, breeding season and harem size.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Animal Behavioral Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Miyazaki University, Japan.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Khalil
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kaseda
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild; D006736:Horses; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D012098:Reproduction; D012621:Seasons; D012726:Sexual Behavior, Animal; D012741:Sexual Maturation; D012919:Social Behavior; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D013739:Testosterone