title: Are superabsorbers useful for endovascular embolization of saccular aneurysms? An in vitro study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors conducted in vitro evaluation of superabsorber for endovascular embolization of saccular aneurysms.
  
  
  METHODS
  The swelling properties of the superabsorber Sanwet IM-7000 were investigated in various solvents. The material used was granulate (group A: particle size approximately 459 microm; group B: particle size approximately 20 microm) as well as cubes with an edge length of 1 mm prepared from a block. With ascending concentrations of Sanwet IM-7000 held in suspensions made of Lipiodol and 96% ethanol, the injectability was determined using microcatheters (2.1 F/3 F). The behavior of Sanwet IM-7000 as occlusion material for aneurysms was examined in a sacciform glass-model aneurysm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The granule showed no significant increase in size in Lipiodol and in 96% ethanol, so that they were chosen for catheter measurement. In Lipiodol suspension the maximum fraction of the granulate suitable for injection through a 3 F catheter was 3.2%. In 96% ethanol suspension the maximum fraction of granulate suitable for injection through a 3 F catheter was 0.8%. Suspended in Lipiodol Sanwet IM-7000 showed a moderate swelling in the aneurysm model, whereas the use of 96% ethanol resulted in a pronounced swelling of the granulate (100 vol%) after the 96% ethanol was washed off. Irrespective of the granulate size used, a rinse-off process of the granulate occurred in the model aneurysm at a flow rate above 200 mL x min(-1). Cubes prepared from a block of the base polymerisate of Sanwet IM-7000 showed a delayed increase in size. The final size in 0.9% NaCl solution was reached in the cubes after 220 min, in the granulate already after 20 mins. The cubes displayed a high form stability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Due to the substance-related absence of intercorporeal cross-linking and the unpredictable increase in size, embolization of aneurysms using Sanwet IM-7000 granulate is inadvisable at present. In spite of a longer swelling time and because of its form consistency, the use of prepared cubes could provide a reasonable alternative.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroradiology, University of Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schellhammer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schumacher
mesh_terms: D000783:Aneurysm / Q000628:therapy*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008422:Materials Testing; D010316:Particle Size; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D011673:Pulsatile Flow
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D011108:Polymers