title: Outcome of anorexia nervosa: a case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although there have been many studies of the outcome of anorexia nervosa, methodological weaknesses limit their interpretation. The authors used a case-control design to try to improve knowledge about the outcome of anorexia nervosa.
  
  
  METHODS
  All new female patients referred to an eating disorders service between Jan. 1, 1981, and Dec. 31, 1984, who had probable or definite anorexia nervosa were eligible for inclusion. Of these women, 86.4% (N = 70) were located and agreed to participate. The comparison group (N = 98) was a random community sample. All subjects were interviewed with a structured diagnostic instrument.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A minority of the patients (10%) continued to meet the criteria for anorexia nervosa a mean of 12 years after initial referral. Even among those who no longer met these criteria, relatively low body weight and cognitive features characteristic of anorexia nervosa (perfectionism and cognitive restraint) persisted. The rates of lifetime comorbid major depression, alcohol dependence, and a number of anxiety disorders were very high.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the managed care/brief treatment era, therapeutic approaches with an excessive focus on weight gain that neglect the detection and treatment of associated psychological features and comorbidity may be inappropriate. Anorexia nervosa is a serious psychiatric disorder with substantial morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298-0126, USA. sullivan@psycho.psi.vcu.edu
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bulik
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Fear
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pickering
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000856:Anorexia Nervosa / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010555:Personality Inventory; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012494:Sampling Studies