title: Exocytosis of insulin promotes insulin gene transcription via the insulin receptor/PI-3 kinase/p70 s6 kinase and CaM kinase pathways.
abstract: The control of glucose homeostasis by insulin requires, in addition to the glucose-induced insulin release, a highly dynamic control of insulin biosynthesis. Although elevated glucose concentrations have been shown to trigger insulin biosynthesis at the levels of transcription and translation, the molecular mechanisms underlying the immediate transcriptional control are poorly understood. By investigating signal transduction pathways involved in the "glucose-dependent" transcriptional control, thereby analyzing endogenous (prepro)insulin mRNA levels and monitoring on-line insulin promoter-driven GFP expression, we provide, for the first time, evidence that physiologically stimulated insulin secretion from the pancreatic beta cell promotes insulin biosynthesis by enhancing insulin gene transcription in an autocrine manner. We show that secreted insulin acts via beta-cell insulin receptors and up-regulates insulin gene transcription by signaling through the IRS-2/PI-3 kinase/p70 s6k and CaM kinase pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, Rolf Luft Center for Diabetes Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: I B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Leibiger
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Leibiger
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moede
authors.forename: P O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Berggren
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D054732:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005089:Exocytosis / Q000235:genetics; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D007328:Insulin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011972:Receptor, Insulin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000502:physiology; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D011972:Receptor, Insulin; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases; D054732:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D005947:Glucose