title: Pilot randomized trial of education to improve self-management skills of men with symptomatic HIV/AIDS.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the acceptability, practicality, and short-term efficacy of a health education program to improve disease self-management in patients with symptomatic HIV/AIDS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled trial, baseline and 3-month follow-up questionnaire assessments.
  
  
  METHODS
  San Francisco Bay communities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-one men with symptomatic HIV or AIDS were randomly assigned to a seven-session group educational intervention (N=34) or a usual-care control group (N=37).
  
  
  METHODS
  Interactive health education groups were used to teach wide-ranging disease self-management skills and information: symptom assessment and management, medication use, physical exercise, relaxation, doctor-patient communication, and nutrition. Each group was led by two trained peer-leaders (one of whom was HIV-positive) recruited from the community.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary outcome of interest was symptom status. Secondary outcomes were self-efficacy and health behaviors. Analysis of covariance was used to compare experimental and control group mean outcomes, adjusting for baseline value differences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The symptom severity index (number of symptoms moderate or greater severity) decreased in the experimental, and increased in the control group (-0.9 versus +0.5; p < .03). Pain, fatigue, and psychological symptoms were not significantly different between groups. Self-efficacy for controlling symptoms improved in the experimental, and decreased in the control group (+4 versus -7; p < .02). Changes in stress/relaxation exercises and HIV/AIDS knowledge were not different between groups. A trend was shown toward more frequent physical exercise in the experimental group compared with less in the control group (+1.3 versus -0.5 times/week; p=.06).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Health education emphasizing self-management skills for HIV/AIDS patients can be implemented and evaluated and was accepted by patients, peer-leaders, and health care providers. Whether this educational program can lead to prolonged improvement in HIV symptoms and behaviors can be adequately addressed only by a larger trial of longer duration.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, Department of Medicine, the University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla 92161, USA.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Gifford
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Laurent
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Gonzales
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Chesney
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Lorig
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000628:therapy; D002140:California; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012648:Self Care / Q000379:methods*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires