title: Labelling of bleomycin with Auger-emitter increases cytotoxicity in squamous-cell cancer cell lines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the cytotoxicity of bleomycin (BLM), two Auger-emitting bleomycin complexes (indium-111 ((111)In)-BLMC) and (111)InCl3 in three squamous cell cancer (SCC) cell lines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three recently established SCC cell lines were investigated using the 96-well clonogenic assay. Concentrations causing 50% inhibition in cell survival (IC50) were calculated for BLM and two specific activities of (111)In-BLMC (40 MBq/mg BLM (low) and 195 MBq/mg BLM (high)).
  
  
  RESULTS
  (111)In-BLMC (low) was the most toxic to the SCC cell lines. (111)In-BLMC containing 4.9-fold more activity of (111)In (195 MBq/mg BLM) was more effective than BLM (p=0.0029), but not as toxic as (111)In-BLMC (low) (p=0.0023). UT-SCC-19A had a IC50 value for BLM as low as 4.1 nM, whereas IC50 values for (111)In-BLMC (low) and (111)In-BLMC (high) were 2.0 nM and 2.6 nM, respectively. The most chemoresistant cell line UT-SCC-12A had a IC50 value for BLM of 18.8 nM, for (111)In-BLMC (low) 10.7 nM and for (111)In-BLMC (high) 12.7 nM. (111)InCl3 had no cell killing effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that (111)In-BLMC is superior in SCC cell killing compared with BLM. These data provide the basis for further clinical investigations of (111)In-BLMC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Jääskelä-Saari
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Kairemo
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Ramsay
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grénman
mesh_terms: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001761:Bleomycin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D007204:Indium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D007205:Indium Radioisotopes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007553:Isotope Labeling; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D007205:Indium Radioisotopes; D007204:Indium; D001761:Bleomycin; C020758:indium trichloride