title: Motor and sensory mapping of the frontal and occipital lobes.
abstract: In patients with intractable epilepsy, surgical resections are performed with the primary goal of improving seizure control. The risk is that the resections may also remove tissues crucial for normal activities. The goal of surgical planning is therefore to determine as accurately as possible the regions of seizure onset and the regions controlling important functions, so that one can determine what to remove and what to leave in place. Clinical functional localization has been performed using cortical stimulation for over half a century, using both intraoperative and extraoperative methods. Signal averaging also has been widely used. More recently, techniques based on analysis of EEG in the frequency domain have shown promise. The methods appear to accurately indicate the function of the region assessed but do not necessarily predict functional consequences of resection. We review these methods, their indications, and the results obtained by their use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and the Zanvyl Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Lesser
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arroyo
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Crone
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gordon
mesh_terms: D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D017034:Epilepsy, Frontal Lobe / Q000601:surgery*; D005073:Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory / Q000502:physiology; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D009778:Occipital Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques / Q000706:statistics & numerical data