title: Co-activators and co-repressors in the integration of transcriptional responses.
abstract: The nuclear hormone receptors are DNA binding transcription factors that are regulated by binding of ligands, switching them from an inactive or repressive state to gene-activating functions. Recent evidence supports the hypothesis that many nuclear receptors switch, in a ligand-dependent manner, between binding of a multicomponent co-repressor complex containing histone deacetyltransferase activity, and binding of a co-activator complex containing factors with histone acetyltransferase activity that are further regulated by diverse signal transduction pathways. The identification of these limiting co-repressor and co-activator complexes and their specific interaction motifs, in concert with solution of the structures of the receptor ligand-binding domain in apo (empty) and ligand bound forms, indicates a common molecular mechanism by which these factors activate and repress gene transcription.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Diego 92093, USA. jtorchia@julian.uwo.ca
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Torchia
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Glass
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Rosenfeld
mesh_terms: D000123:Acetyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000378:metabolism; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000502:physiology; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000502:physiology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D000123:Acetyltransferases; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; D006655:Histone Deacetylases