"U" curve association of blood pressure and mortality in hemodialysis patients. Medical Directors of Dialysis Clinic, Inc.
BACKGROUND
Hypertension may play an important role in the pathogenesis of the excess cardiovascular and cerebrovascular (CV) morbidity observed in hemodialysis patients (HD). However, the optimal blood pressure (BP) range for HD patients has not been defined. We postulated that there is a "U" curve relationship between BP and CV mortality. To explore this hypothesis we studied 5,433 HD patients in Dialysis Clinic Inc., a large not-for-profit chain, over a five year period.


METHODS
Cox regression, with fixed and time-varying covariates, was used to assess the effect of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pre- and post-dialysis, on CV mortality, while adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, primary cause of end-stage renal disease, Kt/V, serum albumin, and antihypertensive medications.


RESULTS
The overall impact of BP on CV mortality was modest. Pre-dialysis, neither systolic nor diastolic hypertension were associated with an increase in CV mortality. Post-dialysis, SBP > or = 180 mm Hg (RR = 1.96, P < 0.015) and DBP > or = 90 mm Hg (RR = 1.73, P < 0.05) were associated with increased CV mortality. Low SBP (SBP < 110 mm Hg) was associated with increased CV mortality, pre- and post-dialysis.


CONCLUSIONS
The results suggest the presence of a "U" curve relationship between SBP post-dialysis and CV mortality in HD patients.
Zager
P G
PG
Dialysis Clinic, Inc., Nashville, Tennessee, USA. pzag@unm.edu
Nikolic
J
J
Brown
R H
RH
Campbell
M A
MA
Hunt
W C
WC
Peterson
D
D
Van Stone
J
J
Levey
A
A
Meyer
K B
KB
Klag
M J
MJ
Johnson
H K
HK
Clark
E
E
Sadler
J H
JH
Teredesai
P
P
D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000401:mortality*