Comparison of 3 investigational assays for the free form of prostate specific antigen.
OBJECTIVE
Measuring percent free/total prostate specific antigen (PSA) versus total PSA alone has been shown to enhance the stratification of cases with and without prostate cancer. We compared the diagnostic performance of 3 free PSA assays when values were interchanged over a common total PSA denominator.


METHODS
Archival sera from 123 consecutively accrued patients (25 with prostate cancer, 98 with no evidence of malignancy) who had pre-biopsy total PSA levels from 2.0 to 20.0 ng./ml. were obtained from our specimen bank. Serum specimens were analyzed using the Hybritech Tandem R, Dianon Systems and Chiron ACS 180 free PSA assays. Total PSA was measured using the Hybritech Tandem R total PSA assay. Linear regression was performed to evaluate the correlation and agreement among assays. Sensitivity and specificity of cancer detection were calculated to compare diagnostic performance.


RESULTS
The required percent free PSA cutoffs were different among the 3 free PSA assays. The cutoffs to ensure a 95% sensitivity of cancer detection were 22, 34 and 34%, and the number of negative biopsies that were prevented at these cutoffs (specificity) was 38, 19 and 33% for the Hybritech, Dianon, and Chiron assays, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
The results among the different assays were not interchangeable. Clinicians should be aware that different percent free PSA cutoffs need to be used based on the type of free and total PSA assays, and that not all assays diagnostically perform the same.
Nixon
R G
RG
University of Washington School of Medicine, Section of Urology, Seattle Puget Sound Veterans Administration Medical Center, USA.
Meyer
G E
GE
Blase
A B
AB
Gold
M H
MH
Brawer
M K
MK
D000368:Aged; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D001706:Biopsy; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D008297:Male; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen