Mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase-1 (MSK1) is directly activated by MAPK and SAPK2/p38, and may mediate activation of CREB.
We have identified a novel mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase (MSK1) that contains two protein kinase domains in a single polypeptide. MSK1 is activated in vitro by MAPK2/ERK2 or SAPK2/p38. Endogenous MSK1 is activated in 293 cells by either growth factor/phorbol ester stimulation, or by exposure to UV radiation, and oxidative and chemical stress. The activation of MSK1 by growth factors/phorbol esters is prevented by PD 98059, which suppresses activation of the MAPK cascade, while the activation of MSK1 by stress stimuli is prevented by SB 203580, a specific inhibitor of SAPK2/p38. In HeLa, PC12 and SK-N-MC cells, PD 98059 and SB 203580 are both required to suppress the activation of MSK1 by TNF, NGF and FGF, respectively, because these agonists activate both the MAPK/ERK and SAPK2/p38 cascades. MSK1 is localized in the nucleus of unstimulated or stimulated cells, and phosphorylates CREB at Ser133 with a Km value far lower than PKA, MAPKAP-K1(p90Rsk) and MAPKAP-K2. The effects of SB 203580, PD 98059 and Ro 318220 on agonist-induced activation of CREB and ATF1 in four cell-lines mirror the effects of these inhibitors on MSK1 activation, and exclude a role for MAPKAP-K1 and MAPKAP-K2/3 in this process. These findings, together with other observations, suggest that MSK1 may mediate the growth-factor and stress-induced activation of CREB.
Deak
M
M
MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, Departments of Biochemistry, Anatomy and Physiology, University of Dundee, Scotland.
Clifton
A D
AD
Lucocq
L M
LM
Alessi
D R
DR
D051697:Activating Transcription Factor 1; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000502:physiology; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007668:Kidney; D051379:Mice; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016716:PC12 Cells; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000528:radiation effects; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D038744:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000502:physiology; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D000099190:MAP-Kinase-Activated Kinase 2
D051697:Activating Transcription Factor 1; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases; D038744:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D000099190:MAP-Kinase-Activated Kinase 2; C497100:Atf1 protein, mouse; C115634:RPS6KA4 protein, human; C485459:Rps6ka4 protein, mouse; C116919:mitogen and stress-activated protein kinase 1