Psychoneuroendocrinology of children and adolescents.
This article reviews psychoneuroendocrinologic approaches to the understanding of internalizing disorders (depression and anxiety disorders) and externalizing disorders. This article discusses three specific psychoneuroendocrine systems: measures of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, measure of the serotonergic function, and measures of the growth-hormone (GH) response to pharmacologic challenge. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is the main system; understanding this system may reveal information on the permissive and etiologic relationship of stress to psychiatric disorder.
Ryan
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Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennyslvania, USA.
D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000523:psychology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003000:Clonidine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000378:metabolism; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000378:metabolism; D013565:Sympatholytics / Q000627:therapeutic use
D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D013565:Sympatholytics; D003000:Clonidine