Chorioamnionitis and pregnancy outcome in HIV-infected African women. Pregnancy and HIV Study Group.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the role of chorioamnionitis (CAM) on pregnancy outcome in HIV-1-infected (HIV-positive) pregnant women, treated for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), during the last trimester of pregnancy in Kigali, Rwanda.


METHODS
At inclusion in a prospective cohort, from July 1992 to August 1993, 561 pregnant women between 24 and 28 weeks were systematically screened for HIV infection, STDs, anemia, malaria, and hepatitis B infection; a CD4 lymphocyte count was performed. Until delivery, each woman enrolled had a monthly clinical follow-up with STD treatment when needed. The pregnancy outcome was recorded. Diagnosis of CAM was based on histologic examination of the placenta.


RESULTS
Among the 275 placentas of HIV-negative women and 286 placentas of HIV-positive women examined, CAM was diagnosed (CAM-positive) in 27 HIV-positive women (9.8%) and in 28 HIV-negative women (9.8%). No statistical association was found between CAM and the following variables, independent of the HIV serostatus: age, parity, hepatitis B, anemia, STDs, and immune deficiency. Among HIV-negative women, CAM was significantly associated with prematurity (relative risk [RR] = 3.0; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.5-6.3), stillbirth (RR = 4.2; 95% CI = 1.6-11.0) and premature rupture of membranes (RR = 2.9; 95% CI = 1.4-6.1). Among HIV-positive women, early neonatal mortality was the only adverse outcome associated with CAM (RR = 2.0; 95% CI = 1.6-11.0).


CONCLUSIONS
In our study, the prevalence of CAM was low and no risk factor of CAM was identified, a probable consequence of the control factor of STDs. CAM was strongly associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in HIV-infected women, reflecting a possible deleterious effect of HIV.
Ladner
J
J
Medical Information Unit, Centre Hospitalier de Kigali, Rwanda. ladnerj@ci.refer.org
Leroy
V
V
Hoffman
P
P
Nyiraziraje
M
M
De Clercq
A
A
Van de Perre
P
P
Dabis
F
F
D002821:Chorioamnionitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000453:epidemiology; D005322:Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes / Q000453:epidemiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007226:Infant Mortality; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007752:Obstetric Labor, Premature / Q000453:epidemiology; D010920:Placenta / Q000473:pathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012432:Rwanda / Q000453:epidemiology; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology