Effects of peripheral sympathectomy on thermoregulatory vascular control in the rabbit ear.
A rabbit ear model of the human digit was utilized to determine the vascular response to peripheral sympathectomy. Vascular responses were evaluated by subjecting chronically instrumented rabbits to a cold stress before and after sympathectomy surgery. The typical response to cold stress is for ear temperatures and auricular cutaneous perfusion to decrease during the cooling phase of the test and to increase toward baseline levels during the rewarming phase after cold exposure. Following peripheral sympathectomy, ear temperatures were significantly increased during both the cooling and rewarming phase of the cold stress test although overall ear perfusion and skin perfusion were not different from sham-operated rabbits. The responses observed in the rabbit ear following peripheral sympathectomy appear to mimic those noted in patients receiving digital peripheral sympathectomies for the treatment of refractory pain and ulceration. Peripheral sympathectomy may result in clinical improvements in patients because it improves both total digital and nutritional cutaneous blood flow. Peripheral sympathectomy in normal rabbit ears does not result in altered perfusion patterns with cold exposure although ear temperature is significantly higher. This pattern of changes suggests that the distribution of extremity perfusion is altered even though overall extremity perfusion and cutaneous perfusion per se are not significantly different from sham-operated controls. Complete sympathectomy was accompanied by a persistent increase in ear temperature and a dissociation between conductance and microvascular perfusion. Auricular conductance was transiently increased and then decreased to levels below preoperative control values. Microvascular perfusion is decreased immediately following amputation/replantation and thereafter increases.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Bowman Gray School of Medicine of Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1070, USA.
T L
TL
Smith
L A
LA
Koman
E S
ES
Gordon
M B
MB
Holden
B P
BP
Smith
D000818:Animals; D001158:Arteries / Q000294:innervation*; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D003080:Cold Temperature; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004423:Ear / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D011817:Rabbits; D012016:Reference Values; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D013562:Sympathectomy; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014654:Vascular Patency / Q000502:physiology; D014680:Veins / Q000294:innervation*