Monk seal mortality: virus or toxin?
During the past few months, more than half of the total population of about 300 highly endangered Mediterranean monk seals (Monachus monachus) on the western Saharan coast of Africa, died in a mysterious disease outbreak. Epizootiological and postmortem findings were reminiscent of similar outbreaks amongst pinniped and cetacean species in recent years, which were caused by an infection with newly discovered morbilliviruses (for review see osterhaus et al.). Virological, as well as toxicological, analysis performed on tissue samples collected from relatively fresh carcasses during the outbreak indicate that infection with a virus closely related to dolphin morbillivirus (DMV), possibly originating from affected dolphins in the same area, was the primary cause of the outbreak. Therefore it is concluded that vaccination with a safe and effective non-replicating vaccine should be considered as a management tool in the conservation of Mediterranean monk seals.
Erasmus University Hospital Rotterdam, Institute of Virology, The Netherlands. Osterhaus@viro.fgg.eur.nl
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Osterhaus
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van de Bildt
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Vedder
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Martina
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Niesters
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Vos
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van Egmond
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Liem
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Baumann
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Androukaki
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Kotomatas
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Komnenou
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Abou Sidi
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Jiddou
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Barham
D000354:Africa, Western; D000818:Animals; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000662:veterinary*; D004289:Dolphins / Q000821:virology; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000032:analysis; D018103:Morbillivirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018185:Morbillivirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D046048:Seals, Earless / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D014611:Vaccination / Q000662:veterinary; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis
D008387:Marine Toxins; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical