Orientation-dependent changes in MR signal intensity of articular cartilage: a manifestation of the "magic angle" effect.
OBJECTIVE
To study magnetic resonance (MR) imaging pattern of normal hyaline articular cartilage in the knee joint with regard to the contribution of the "magic angle" effect to the MR signal.


METHODS
Thirty-two healthy volunteers were imaged in a standard supine position in a 1.5-T unit using spin echo and gradient echo sequences. Nine volunteers were reimaged with the knee flexed. The signal behavior of the hyaline cartilage of the femoral condyles was evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. The extended and flexed positions of the nine volunteers were compared.


RESULTS
A superficial and a deep hyperintense layer and a hypointense middle cartilage layer were observed. Segments of increased signal intensity were visible along the condyles; a magic angle effect on signal intensity was evident in the hypointense middle layer with both gradient echo and spin echo images.


CONCLUSIONS
The MR signal behavior of hyaline cartilage is influenced by the alignment of the collagen fibers within the cartilage in relation to the magnetic field. Failure to recognize this effect may lead to inaccurate diagnosis.
Benjamin Franklin University Hospital, Free University Berlin, Germany.
F K
FK
Wacker
X
X
Bolze
D
D
Felsenberg
K J
KJ
Wolf
D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006818:Hyalin; D007089:Image Enhancement; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values