Pharmacokinetics, metabolism and urinary detection time of flunixin after intravenous administration in camels.
The pharmacokinetics of flunixin were determined after an intravenous dose of 1.1 mg/kg body weight in six camels and 2.2 mg/kg body weight in four camels. The data obtained (mean +/- SEM) for the low and high dose, respectively, were as follows: The elimination half-lives (t1/2 beta) were 3.76 +/- 0.24 and 4.08 +/- 0.49 h, the steady state volumes of distribution (Vdss) were 320.61 +/- 38.53 and 348.84 +/- 35.36 mL/kg body weight, total body clearances (ClT) were 88.96 +/- 6.63 and 84.86 +/- 4.95 mL/h/kg body weight and renal clearances (Clr) were 0.52 +/- 0.09 and 0.62 +/- 0.18 mL/h/kg body weight. A hydroxylated metabolite of flunixin was identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) under electron and chemical ionization and its major fragmentation pattern was verified by tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS) using neutral loss, daughter and parent scan modes. The detection times for flunixin and its hydroxylated metabolite in urine after an intravenous (i.v.) dose of 2.2 mg/kg body weight were 96 and 48 h, respectively.
Camelracing Forensic Laboratory, Forensic Science Laboratory, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
I A
IA
Wasfi
N S
NS
Boni
A
A
Abdel Hadi
M
M
Elghazali
O
O
Zorob
N A
NA
Alkatheeri
I M
IM
Barezaiq
D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D002162:Camelus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D003002:Clonixin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000652:urine; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000662:veterinary; D006207:Half-Life; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; C014557:flunixin; D003002:Clonixin