Mycophenolate mofetil-based, cyclosporine-free induction and maintenance immunosuppression: first-3-months analysis of efficacy and safety in two cohorts of renal allograft recipients.
BACKGROUND
The currently used macrolide immunosuppressants, i.e., cyclosporine and tacrolimus, exert considerable nephrotoxicity. We aimed to avoid the nephrotoxic effects by applying a cyclosporine-free regimen for the induction as well as for the maintenance treatment of renal allograft recipients using mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) as the primary immunosuppressant.


METHODS
Thirteen patients were converted from cyclosporine (CsA) to MMF monotherapy. For 4 weeks, MMF (2 g/day) was added to the CsA treatment, before CsA was tapered by weekly steps of 25 mg/day and without "safeguard treatment" with additional immunosuppressants. In a second approach, 12 patients older than 50 years, and receiving a renal graft from a donor older than 50 years, were treated primarily with MMF combined with steroids and an induction therapy using antithymocyte globulin, and without the addition of CsA.


RESULTS
Thirteen long-term renal transplant patients could be converted from CsA to MMF monotherapy. Conversion resulted in an immediate and long-lasting improvement of their median creatinine values by 20%. No serious adverse events occurred. In the second cohort of 12 patients, MMF was used as the primary immunosuppressant. All patients are alive and no grafts were lost after 4 months (n= 12) and after 6 months (n=7). The median creatinine values achieved after 4 and 6 months were 1.16+/-0.25 and 1.30+/-0.21 mg/dl, respectively. One patient was converted to CsA because of a reversible rejection episode (8.3%), and another patient was converted because of cytomegalovirus disease. Major complications consisted of wound-healing disturbances (16.6%) and cytomegalovirus infections (41.6%).


CONCLUSIONS
MMF monotherapy can be safely applied as long-term maintenance immunosuppression with improvement of renal function. Steroids are not required as an adjunct to MMF. MMF monotherapy, in the absence of drug-related nephrotoxicity, is particularly beneficial for grafts derived from marginal donors, such as donors of advanced age.
Zanker
B
B
Division of Transplant Surgery, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany. BernZanker@aol.com
Schneeberger
H
H
Rothenpieler
U
U
Hillebrand
G
G
Illner
W D
WD
Theodorakis
I
I
Stangl
M
M
Land
W
W
D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019233:Retreatment
D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid