Inflammatory mediators in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and plasma in leukocytopenic patients with septic shock-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome.
OBJECTIVE
The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a frequent complication of severe sepsis and a major cause of death in patients with hematologic malignancy during chemotherapy-induced leukocytopenia. Inflammatory mediators are important modulators of host response to injury and have been found to be increased in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of nonleukocytopenic patients with ARDS. Since inflammatory cytokines in plasma of nonleukocytopenic patients seem to be efficient predictors of the course of ARDS, we examined this hypothesis in leukocytopenic patients with septic shock-induced ARDS.


METHODS
Prospective, observational study.


METHODS
Intensive care unit (ICU) of a university hospital.


METHODS
Nineteen patients with leukocytopenia (white blood cell count of <1/nL) following cytoreductive chemotherapy for malignant disorders and severe sepsis with shock-induced ARDS (Murray score of >2.5).


METHODS
BAL and plasma sampling and ICU management.


RESULTS
The proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8 were measured in the BAL aspirates and in plasma samples, both obtained within 18 hrs after onset of ARDS. Hemodynamic and oxygen metabolism data were measured immediately before plasma samples were taken and BAL was performed. Of the 19 patients studied, nine patients responded to ICU treatment (e.g., mechanical ventilation as indicated by PaO2/FIO2, FIO2, shunt volume, and course of pulmonary infiltrates), whereas ten patients did not respond. BAL cytokine concentrations were significantly increased in nonresponders in comparison with responding patients (TNF-alpha, p = .021; IL-6, p = .008; IL-8, p = .019). In contrast, we did not observe any differences between the groups in terms of plasma cytokine concentrations.


CONCLUSIONS
Determination of cytokine concentrations in BAL samples may be useful for evaluation of severity and course of ARDS in leukocytopenic patients, whereas measurement of plasma cytokines is not helpful.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Muenster, Germany.
M G
MG
Kiehl
H
H
Ostermann
M
M
Thomas
C
C
Müller
U
U
Cassens
J
J
Kienast
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000276:immunology*; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D007970:Leukopenia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha