Prospective assessment of the ability of endoscopic ultrasound to diagnose, exclude, or establish the severity of chronic pancreatitis found by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.
BACKGROUND
Our aim was to verify endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) accuracy to diagnose, rule out, and establish the severity of chronic pancreatitis found by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).


METHODS
Patients undergoing ERCP for unexplained abdominal pain and/or suspected chronic pancreatitis underwent EUS. EUS was performed by experienced operators who were aware of the history but blinded to ERCP results. Chronic pancreatitis was defined using the Cambridge classification: 0 to 1 = "normal," 2 to 4 = "all chronic pancreatitis," 3 to 4 = "moderate to severe chronic pancreatitis." The number of EUS criteria required to obtain sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values > or = 85% was determined. EUS criteria for chronic pancreatitis are hyperechoic foci, hyperechoic strands, lobularity, hyperechoic duct, irregular duct, visible side-branches, ductal dilation, calcification, and cysts.


RESULTS
One hundred twenty-six patients underwent EUS and ERCP. EUS was highly sensitive and specific (> 85%) depending on the number of criteria present. Chronic pancreatitis is likely (PPV > 85%) when more than two criteria (for "all chronic pancreatitis") and more than six criteria (for "moderate to severe chronic pancreatitis") are present. "Moderate to severe chronic pancreatitis" is unlikely (NPV > 85%) when fewer than three criteria are present. Independent predictors of chronic pancreatitis were "calcification" (p = 0.000001), history of alcohol abuse (p = 0.002), and the total number of EUS criteria (p = 0.008).


CONCLUSIONS
EUS can accurately diagnose, rule out, and establish the severity of chronic pancreatitis found by ERCP.
Digestive Disease Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425-2220, USA.
A V
AV
Sahai
M
M
Zimmerman
L
L
Aabakken
P R
PR
Tarnasky
J T
JT
Cunningham
A
A
van Velse
R H
RH
Hawes
B J
BJ
Hoffman
D000328:Adult; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D002908:Chronic Disease; D019160:Endosonography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity