Skin and plasma levels of acetylsalicylic acid: a comparison between topical aspirin/diethyl ether mixture and oral aspirin in acute herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this investigation was to elucidate whether the analgesic effect was due to the local aspirin or to the systemic drug. This was done by comparing skin and plasma levels of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and salicylic acid (SA) after topically administered ASA/diethyl ether (ADE) mixture in acute herpetic neuralgia (AHN) and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). The analgesia and the plasma and skin levels of ASA were also determined after oral administration of aspirin.


METHODS
Nineteen patients, 11 (57.9%) with AHN and 8 (42.1 %) with PHN were given, on different days, a single 500-mg oral dose of ASA or a topical dose (750 mg) of (ADE) daubed onto the painful skin. The analgesic effect was assessed by means of a visual analogue scale (VAS). Overall pain relief was graded as: excellent, good, fair, or poor. AHN as well as PHN patients had severe pain at baseline (6.83 and 5.93). Levels of ASA and SA in plasma and in the stratum corneum after adhesive tape stripping of the treated area were determined by HPLC.


RESULTS
After ADE application, the analgesic effect was very rapid and VAS scores were lower than at baseline. Pain significantly decreased by 82.6% after topical and 15.4% after oral ASA. After ADE, 95% of the patients had excellent or good pain relief, but after oral administration 79% of the patients had a poor response. Pain relief was similar in the two subgroups after ADE. Skin concentrations of ASA, but not of SA, after ADE were about 80- to 100-fold those after oral administration. Levels of ASA and SA in plasma after oral administration were similar to those previously found, but after ADE were undetectable or very low. Patients with excellent pain relief showed a trend towards higher ASA skin concentrations.


CONCLUSIONS
The analgesic effect can be obtained only after topical administration, because by this route the skin levels of ASA are much higher than after oral administration. The mechanism is exclusively local; there are no active drugs in plasma after topical administration.
Department of Pharmacology, University of Milan, Italy.
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Bareggi
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Pirola
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De Benedittis
D000208:Acute Disease; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000368:Aged; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001241:Aspirin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004986:Ether / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006562:Herpes Zoster / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D006566:Herpesviridae Infections / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009437:Neuralgia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects; D012459:Salicylates; D020156:Salicylic Acid; D012867:Skin / Q000737:chemistry*; D012997:Solvents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D000700:Analgesics; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D012459:Salicylates; D012997:Solvents; D004986:Ether; D020156:Salicylic Acid; D001241:Aspirin