Nurse-mediated cholesterol management compared with enhanced primary care in siblings of individuals with premature coronary disease.
BACKGROUND
Siblings of individuals with premature coronary heart disease have a high prevalence of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels requiring treatment.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate management strategies for high LDL-C levels in apparently healthy 30- to 59-year-old siblings of individuals with documented coronary heart disease prior to age 60 years.


METHODS
In a 2-year trial of care provided by either a nurse trained in lipid management (NURS) or enhanced primary care (EPC), in which physicians received recommendations based on national guidelines, 156 siblings with LDL-C levels of 4.14 mmol/L (160 mg/dL) were randomized by family. The LDL-C goal levels below 3.36 mmol/L (130 mg/dL) were compared between and within intervention groups. Multiple logistic regression analyses were applied to predict 2-year achievement of the goal.


RESULTS
The NURS group achieved a significantly greater percentage of goal LDL-C levels than the EPC group (26% vs 10%; P=.008). The NURS LDL-C levels decreased an average of 0.91 mmol/L (35 mg/dL) while EPC levels decreased by 0.52 mmol/L (24 mg/dL) (P=.09). In the final multivariate model, siblings taking lipid-lowering drug treatment were 6.02 times more likely (95% confidence interval, 2.24-16.18) than those not receiving pharmacotherapy to achieve LDL-C goals; nurse management (P=.09) was marginally significant. Pharmacotherapy was instituted in 45.2% of NURS and 16.7% of EPC siblings (P=.001).


CONCLUSIONS
High LDL-C levels in siblings were more effectively treated by a trained nurse, probably related to greater adherence to the application of national guidelines. Nonetheless, the majority of siblings with high LDL-C levels did not meet goal levels 2 years after an index case coronary heart disease event.
Becker
D M
DM
Center for Health Promotion, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. dbecker@welchlink.welch.jhu.edu
Raqueño
J V
JV
Yook
R M
RM
Kral
B G
BG
Blumenthal
R S
RS
Moy
T F
TF
Bezirdjian
P J
PJ
Becker
L C
LC
D000328:Adult; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000235:genetics* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000451:nursing* / Q000628:therapy*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008396:Maryland; D008875:Middle Aged; D009732:Nursing Care; D011320:Primary Health Care; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D008078:Cholesterol, LDL