Stress (heat shock) proteins: molecular chaperones in cardiovascular biology and disease.
How a cell responds to stress is a central problem in cardiovascular biology. Diverse physiological stresses (eg, heat, hemodynamics, mutant proteins, and oxidative injury) produce multiple changes in a cell that ultimately affect protein structures and function. Cells from different phyla initiate a cascade of events that engage essential proteins, the molecular chaperones, in decisions to repair or degrade damaged proteins as a defense strategy to ensure survival. Accumulative evidence indicates that molecular chaperones such as the heat shock family of stress proteins (HSPs) actively participate in an array of cellular processes, including cytoprotection. The versatility of the ubiquitous HSP family is further enhanced by stress-inducible regulatory networks, both at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. In the present review, we discuss the regulation and function of HSP chaperones and their clinical significance in conditions such as cardiac hypertrophy, vascular wall injury, cardiac surgery, ischemic preconditioning, aging, and, conceivably, mutations in genes encoding contractile proteins and ion channels.
Benjamin
I J
IJ
Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-8573, USA. benjamin@ryburn.swmed.edu
McMillan
D R
DR
D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D014355:Chagas Disease / Q000276:immunology; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning; D008954:Models, Biological; D018832:Molecular Chaperones / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D024510:Muscle Development; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D009132:Muscles / Q000378:metabolism; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D017510:Protein Folding; D011817:Rabbits; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
D001323:Autoantibodies; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D007473:Ion Channels; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species