The role of the oral environment in HIV-1 transmission.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1, or HIV-1, is infrequently transmitted through the mouth, unlike other mucosal sites. Factors such as low salivary viral titers, low numbers of CD4-positive target cells, anti-HIV antibodies and endogenous salivary antiviral factors work in concert to protect oral tissues from infection and reduce the risk of viral transmission through salivary secretions. This review summarizes the various factors thought to influence oral transmission HIV-1, focusing on the mucosal protein secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor, or SLPI.
Shugars
D C
DC
Department of Dental Ecology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 27599-7450, USA.
Wahl
S M
SM
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000821:virology; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000032:analysis; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000635:transmission*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D009055:Mouth / Q000502:physiology* / Q000821:virology; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000502:physiology / Q000821:virology; D053491:Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory; D011506:Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology / Q000821:virology; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides / Q000502:physiology; D053481:Secretory Leukocyte Peptidase Inhibitor; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000502:physiology; D019562:Viral Load
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D053491:Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory; D011506:Proteins; C506814:SLPI protein, human; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides; D053481:Secretory Leukocyte Peptidase Inhibitor; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors