A Golgi localization signal identified in the Menkes recombinant protein.
Menkes disease arises from a genetic impairment in copper transport. The gene responsible for the phenotype has been identified as a copper transporting ATPase ( ATP7A ). Recently, the protein encoded by the ATP7A gene has been localized to the Golgi complex. In order to investigate the role of the Menkes disease protein in copper transport, recombinant constructs containing both the full-length open reading frame and an alternatively spliced form have been successfully expressed and localized in mammalian cells. Other studies of a patient with occipital horn syndrome, an allelic variant of Menkes disease, have demonstrated that only this alternatively spliced isoform and not the full-length form is expressed in this patient. The milder form of this patient's phenotype suggests that the alternatively spliced isoform has some functional role in copper transport. In the present study the full-length recombinant Menkes protein was shown by immunofluorescence to localize to the Golgi apparatus and the alternatively spliced form, lacking sequences for transmembrane domains 3 and 4 encoded by exon 10, was shown to localize to the endoplasmic reticulum. Using sequences from exon 10 fused to a non-Golgi reporter molecule, a 38 amino acid sequence containing transmembrane domain 3 of the Menkes protein was found to be sufficient for localization to the Golgi complex. Therefore, the protein sequence encoded by exon 10 may be responsible for this differential localization and both isoforms may be required for comprehensive transport of copper within the cell.
Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Windmill Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
M J
MJ
Francis
E E
EE
Jones
E R
ER
Levy
S
S
Ponnambalam
J
J
Chelly
A P
AP
Monaco
D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D019556:COS Cells; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D000073840:Copper-Transporting ATPases; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007706:Menkes Kinky Hair Syndrome / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection
D002352:Carrier Proteins; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; C081184:ATP7A protein, human; D000073840:Copper-Transporting ATPases