The inflammatory response system in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: increased serum interleukin-6.
There is some evidence that the pathophysiology of schizophrenia is related to activation of the inflammatory response system (IRS), as indicated by increased serum concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-6 receptor (IL-6R), IL-1R antagonist (IL-1RA) and IL-2R and lower serum concentrations of CC16, an endogenous anti-inflammatory protein with immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects. The aims of the present study were to examine serum CC16 in relation to IL-6, IL-6R and gp130, the IL-6 transducing signal protein, in schizophrenia and in treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). Serum IL-6 and sIL-6R were significantly higher in medicated schizophrenic patients than in normal controls. Serum IL-6 was significantly higher in TRS than in normal volunteers, whereas schizophrenic patients without TRS showed intermediate values. Serum CC16 was significantly lower in schizophrenic patients with a positive family history for psychoses than in normal volunteers and patients without a positive family history. There was a significant inverse relationship between serum CC16 and serum IL-6 or sIL-6R in schizophrenic patients, but not in normal volunteers. The results suggest that the inflammatory response in schizophrenia, as indicated by increased serum IL-6 and sIL-6R, may be causally related to lower serum CC16 and that the latter might be a trait marker for schizophrenia.
Lin
A
A
Clinical Research Center for Mental Health (CRC-MH), University Department of Psychiatry, Antwerp, Belgium.
Kenis
G
G
Bignotti
S
S
Tura
G J
GJ
De Jong
R
R
Bosmans
E
E
Pioli
R
R
Altamura
C
C
Scharpé
S
S
Maes
M
M
D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D012016:Reference Values; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D014598:Uteroglobin
D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; D011506:Proteins; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6; C556389:SCGB1A1 protein, human; D014598:Uteroglobin