[Benign paroxysmal tonic upward gaze syndrome].
BACKGROUND
The benign paroxysmal tonic upward gaze syndrome (BPTUG) is a rare condition. We present two new cases analyzing the clinical, genetic, evolution and therapeutic aspects.


METHODS
Case 1. A 2 year-old girl with no family history of similar disorders started, at the age of 6 months, to have episodes of upward deviation of gaze with hyperextension of the neck and vertical nystagmus of fixation, increased by nervousness and episodes of fever. Some episodes caused the patient to fall in spite of there being no alteration of consciousness. Case 2. From the age of five months a 1 year-old girl with no significant personal or family history had episodes of ocular deviation upwards with forward inclination of the head to correct her gaze and slow motor development from the age of five months.


RESULTS
Complementary studies were normal in both patients. As in the cases described in the literature, our cases had no family history and were not sensitive to Dopa. To date 11 children have been described in the literature and few familial cases seen with dominant autosomal inheritance.


CONCLUSIONS
Our patients had a non-epileptic paroxystic phenomenon known as BPTUG syndrome. This condition starts during the first year of life, has a benign course and the episodes have ceased by the age of four years. We believe it is important to consider the differential diagnosis with epileptic phenomena, evaluate the response to L-Dopa and bear in mind that this syndrome may be the clinical expression of several different conditions. Although the course is usually benign, it may later be associated with other signs of neurological problems which should be taken into account.
Hospital Nacional de Pediatría Prof. Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
V L
VL
Ruggieri
I I
II
Yépez
N
N
Fejerman
D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D001259:Ataxia / Q000150:complications; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005403:Fixation, Ocular; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007980:Levodopa; D009759:Nystagmus, Pathologic / Q000175:diagnosis; D015835:Ocular Motility Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*
D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D007980:Levodopa