Higher plants light harvesting proteins. Structure and function as revealed by mutation analysis of either protein or chromophore moieties.
Mutation analysis of higher plants light harvesting proteins has been prevented for a long time by the lack of a suitable expression system providing chromophores essential for the folding of these membrane-intrinsic pigment-protein complexes. Early work on in vitro reconstitution of the major light harvesting complex of photosystem II (LHCII) indicated an alternative way to mutation analysis of these proteins. A new procedure for in vitro refolding of the four light harvesting complexes of photosystem II, namely CP24, CP29, CP26 and LHCII yields recombinant pigment-proteins indistinguishable from the native proteins isolated from leaves. This method allows both the performing of single point mutations on protein sequence and the exchange of the chromophores bound to the protein scaffold. We review here recent results obtained by this method on the pigment-binding properties, on the chlorophyll-binding residues, on the identification of proton-binding sites and on the role of xanthophylls in the regulation of light harvesting function.
Sandonà
D
D
Facoltà di Scienze MM.FF.NN., Biotecnologie Vegetali, Università di Verona, Italy.
Croce
R
R
Pagano
A
A
Crimi
M
M
Bassi
R
R
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D045342:Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D045322:Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex; D010940:Plant Proteins; D017510:Protein Folding; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
C069660:CP29 light harvesting complex; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D045342:Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes; D045322:Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex; D010940:Plant Proteins