Inhibition of the growth and development of asexual and sexual stages of drug-sensitive and resistant strains of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum by Neem (Azadirachta indica) fractions.
Neem (Azadirachta indica) has been shown to possess anti-malarial activity. In this study we systematically evaluated extracts of neem seeds and purified fractions further enriched in polar or non-polar constituents for their effect on in vitro growth and development of asexual and sexual stages of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Use of synchronized stages of parasites suggested trophozoites/schizonts as the susceptible target stages to various neem extracts. In addition, all the maturation stages of gametocytes were also killed by various neem fractions tested. The anti-plasmodial effect of neem components was also observed on parasites previously shown to be resistant to other anti-malarial drugs, i.e. chloroquine and pyrimethamine suggesting a different mode of action. Neem seed fractions are thus active not only against the parasite stages that cause the clinical infection but also against the stages responsible for continued malaria transmission.
Dhar
R
R
Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Zhang
K
K
Talwar
G P
GP
Garg
S
S
Kumar
N
N
D000818:Animals; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004351:Drug Resistance; D006801:Humans; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D011739:Pyrimethamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects; D012639:Seeds
D000962:Antimalarials; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002738:Chloroquine; D011739:Pyrimethamine