Diverse roles of single membrane organelles: factors establishing the acid lumenal pH.
Eukaryotic cells have developed an array of endomembrane systems that have differentiated to carry out various functions. They are involved in the pathways of endocytosis and exocytosis, and have an acidic lumenal pH ranging from 4.5 to 6.5. This review describes recent studies on the animal cell organelles and how they relate to the well studied systems of yeast. We focus mainly on (i) the primary proton pump (vacuolar type H+-ATPase) and other factors that establish acidic pH, and (ii) functions of the organelles as related to lumenal acidity.
Division of Biological Sciences, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan. m-futai@sanken.osaka-u.ac.jp
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Futai
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Oka
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Moriyama
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Wada
D000818:Animals; D003594:Cytoplasmic Granules / Q000201:enzymology; D004702:Endocrine Glands / Q000502:physiology; D004705:Endocytosis; D005089:Exocytosis; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000201:enzymology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology*; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D015388:Organelles / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology*; D006180:Proton-Translocating ATPases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D025262:Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases; D014617:Vacuoles / Q000502:physiology
D007473:Ion Channels; D025262:Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases; D006180:Proton-Translocating ATPases