Oral budesonide as maintenance therapy in Crohn's disease--results of a 12-month study. Global Budesonide Study Group.
BACKGROUND
Budesonide is a corticosteroid with high topical anti-inflammatory activity and low systemic activity due to rapid inactivation. We have assessed the efficacy and safety of an oral controlled ileal release (CIR) preparation of budesonide for maintenance of remission in patients with ileal or ileocaecal Crohn's disease.


METHODS
In a double-blind, multicentre trial, 75 patients in clinical remission (Crohn's Disease Activity Index, CDAI, < or = 150) were randomly assigned to receive placebo, budesonide 3 mg or budesonide 6 mg daily for 12 months. Trial drugs were given at a fixed dose and without concomitant medication. The primary outcome measure was relapse, defined as a CDAI > 150 together with an increase of at least 60 units from entry. A patient was also considered to have a relapse if withdrawn from the study due to clinical deterioration, whether or not a CDAI value could be calculated at that time.


RESULTS
There were no statistically significant differences in the relapse rate at any time-point throughout the study. By 12 months the proportion of patients having relapsed were 48, 46 and 60% in those patients treated with budesonide 6 mg, 3 mg and placebo, respectively (N.S.). Treatments were well tolerated, and the proportion of patients with suppressed adrenal function (according to predetermined criteria) were 50% (6 mg), 26% (3 mg) and 17% (placebo) (P = 0.096).


CONCLUSIONS
In the present study, relapse rate and time to relapse were similar in the patients treated with budesonide CIR, 6 mg daily or 3 mg daily or with placebo, throughout 12 months. This is in contrast to the two previous trials with identical design, where a significant effect of budesonide CIR in prolonging the median time to relapse was found. Possible reasons for the negative results of the present study include small sample size, and the fact that there was a high placebo response.
Ferguson
A
A
Department of Medicine (WGH), University of Edinburgh, UK.
Campieri
M
M
Doe
W
W
Persson
T
T
Nygård
G
G
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019819:Budesonide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D006113:United Kingdom
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D019819:Budesonide; D006854:Hydrocortisone