Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectral profiles of urine in type II diabetic patients.
Serial urine samples of 33 type II diabetic patients and 20 control subjects were examined by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Metabolites including lactate, citrate, glycine, alanine, hippurate, trimethylamine-N-oxide, and dimethylamine were identified in all subjects although in higher concentrations in diabetic patients. Other analytes, such as creatine, acetate, betaine, and ketone bodies, were found more frequently and in greater concentrations in diabetics than in controls. In addition, although lactate, citrate, alanine, and hippurate concentrations increased with increasing glycosuria and glycohemoglobin, trimethylamine-N-oxide and dimethylamine were present at high concentrations even in diabetics with good metabolic control. 1H NMR spectroscopy permitted us to explore the relationships among the metabolites present in the urine samples and to obtain information about the disease status in type II diabetic patients.
Istituto di Chimica e Chimica Clinica e Centro di Studio per la Chimica dei Recettori e delle Molecole Biologicamente Attive, CNR, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
I
I
Messana
F
F
Forni
F
F
Ferrari
C
C
Rossi
B
B
Giardina
C
C
Zuppi
D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011522:Protons; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000379:methods
D015415:Biomarkers; D011522:Protons