The cystometrogram at 70 years.
OBJECTIVE
The origin and the development of the cystometrogram are described.


METHODS
We reviewed and analyzed the published literature on cystometrography.


RESULTS
The cystometrogram originated in the latter half of the nineteenth century, an age of intense clinimetric investigation. Early investigators studied fundamental aspects of bladder function with meticulous techniques using relatively crude equipment. The first clinical cystometer was designed by Dalton K. Rose in 1927. He was followed by Nesbit, McLellan, Muschat and Munro, who brought the cystometrogram to its current key role in modern urology.


CONCLUSIONS
Numerous investigators have advanced the knowledge of bladder function using the cystometrogram, a key urological tool.
Department of Surgery, The University of Michigan, School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, USA.
D M
DM
Kraklau
D A
DA
Bloom
D005060:Europe; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D008365:Manometry / Q000266:history* / Q000295:instrumentation; D011312:Pressure; D014481:United States; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000502:physiology*; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D014572:Urology / Q000266:history*