Novel nonnucleoside inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. 8. 8-Aryloxymethyl- and 8-arylthiomethyldipyridodiazepinones.
Nevirapine (I) is the first human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor to reach regulatory approval. As a result of a second generation program around the tricyclic core system of nevirapine, 2-chloro-5, 11-dihydro-11-ethyl-5-methyl-8-(2-(pyridin-4-yl)ethyl)-6H-dipyrido[3, 2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepin-6-one (II)1a and 2-chloro-5, 11-dihydro-11-ethyl-5-methyl-8-phenylethyl-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2', 3'-e][1,4]diazepin-6-one (III)1a were identified as broad spectrum HIV-1 RT inhibitors. A detailed examination of replacing either of the methylenes of the 8-ethyl linker of II or III is presented. It was found that 8-aryloxymethyl and 8-arylthiomethyl are the preferred pattern of substitution for potency against RT. The most potent compounds were further evaluated against a panel of clinically significant mutant RT enzymes (K103N, V106A, G190A, P236L) and in cytotoxicity and in vitro metabolism assays. The most potent compound was 2-chloro-8-phenylthiomethyl analogue 37 which displayed sub-100 nM activity against all HIV-1 RT enzymes tested.
Cywin
C L
CL
Research and Development Center, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, P.O. Box 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, USA.
Klunder
J M
JM
Hoermann
M
M
Brickwood
J R
JR
David
E
E
Grob
P M
PM
Schwartz
R
R
Pauletti
D
D
Barringer
K J
KJ
Shih
C K
CK
Sorge
C L
CL
Erickson
D A
DA
Joseph
D P
DP
Hattox
S E
SE
D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D001381:Azepines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D001682:Biological Availability; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D004355:Drug Stability; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D019829:Nevirapine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D011725:Pyridines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects
C113639:2-chloro-5,11-dihydro-11--ethyl-5-methyl-8-phenylethyl-6H-dipyrido(3,2-b-2',3'-e)(1,4)diazepin-6-one; C113638:2-chloro-5,11-dihydro-11-ethyl-5-methyl-8-(2-(pyridin-4-yl)ethyl)-6H-dipyrido(3,2-b-2',3'-e)(1,4)diazepin-6-one; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D001381:Azepines; D011725:Pyridines; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D019829:Nevirapine; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase