Pedal manifestations of musculoskeletal disease.
The major systemic musculoskeletal diseases that involve the foot include the inflammatory arthritides, gout, and diabetic osteoarthropathy. Podiatric problems are present in over one-third of patients with musculoskeletal disease and in over half of all patients with diabetes. The pedal manifestations of musculoskeletal disease are reviewed as the first indicators of systemic disorders and as they occur in established systemic diseases.
Sobel
E
E
Division of Orthopedics, New York College of Podiatric Medicine, New York, USA.
Caselli
M A
MA
McHale
K A
KA
D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000150:complications; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000473:pathology; D005528:Foot / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D005534:Foot Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D011859:Radiography