Treatment of iron overload in the "ex-thalassemic". Report from the phlebotomy program.
After successful marrow transplantation (BMT) iron overload remains an important cause of morbidity in Thalassemia. After BMT, patients have normal erythropoiesis capable of producing a hyperplastic response to phlebotomy so that this procedure can be contemplated as a method of mobilizing iron from overloaded tissues. Forty-one patients (mean age 16 +/- 2.9 years) with prolonged follow-up (range 2-7 years) after BMT were submitted to a moderate intensity phlebotomy program (6 ml/kg blood withdrawal at 14-day intervals) to reduce iron overload. Values are expressed as mean +/- SD or as median with a range (25th-75th percentile). Serum ferritin decreased from 2,587 (2,129-4,817) to 280 (132-920) micrograms/l (p < 0.0001), total transferrin increased from 2.34 +/- 0.37 to 2.9 +/- 0.66 g/l (p = 0.0001), transferrin saturation decreased from 90% +/- 14% to 39% +/- 34% (p < 0.0001). Liver iron concentration evaluated on liver biopsy specimens decreased from 20.8 (15.5-28.1) to 3 (0.9-14.6) mg/g dry weight (p < 0.0001). Alanine amino-transaminase from 5.2 +/- 3.4 to 1.6 +/- 1.2 (p < 0.0001) times the upper level of normality. The histological grading for chronic hepatitis (Histology Activity Index) decreased from 4.2 +/- 2.4 to 2.3 +/- 1.8 (p < 0.0001). Phlebotomy is a safe, efficient, and widely applicable method to decrease iron overload in "ex-thalassemic."
Angelucci
E
E
Divisione di Ematologia di Muraglia, Azienda Ospedale di Pesaro, Italy. g.lucarelli@wnt.it
Muretto
P
P
Lucarelli
G
G
Ripalti
M
M
Baronciani
D
D
Erer
B
B
Galimberti
M
M
Annibali
M
M
Giardini
C
C
Gaziev
D
D
Rapa
S
S
Polchi
P
P
D000293:Adolescent; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009017:Morbidity; D018962:Phlebotomy; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D013997:Time Factors; D014168:Transferrin / Q000378:metabolism; D017086:beta-Thalassemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*
D014168:Transferrin; D005293:Ferritins; D007501:Iron; D000410:Alanine Transaminase