Psychoneuroendocrinology of mood disorders. The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis.
Abnormal thyroid functioning can affect mood and influence the course of unipolar and bipolar disorder. Even mild thyroid dysfunction has been associated with changes in mood and cognitive functioning. Thyroid hormone supplementation may have role in the treatment of certain mood disorders, particularly rapid-cycling bipolar disorder. Women are more vulnerable to thyroid dysfunction than men and also respond better to thyroid augmentation. This article reviews the relationship between thyroid function and mood, and the use of thyroid hormones in the treatment of mood disorders. The impact of gender on these issues is also discussed.
Hendrick
V
V
Department of Psychiatry, UCLA Neuropsychiatric Institute and Hospital, USA.
Altshuler
L
L
Whybrow
P
P
D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006980:Hyperthyroidism / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000502:physiology*; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000502:physiology*; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use
D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D013963:Thyroid Hormones