Chronic performance of a transvenous steroid pacing lead used as an epi-intramyocardial electrode.
Excessive surface fibrosis or fat limits effective electrode insertion in patients requiring epicardial pacing. We present chronic performance of a modified transvenous steroid lead used as an epi-intramyocardial electrode in a patient following repair of a univentricular heart after failure of both standard and steroid-eluting epicardial leads. Low implant threshold values remained stable during a 3-year postimplant interval demonstrating an effective and innovative approach to epicardial pacing.
Karpawich
P P
PP
Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, USA.
Walters
H
H
Hakimi
M
M
D001919:Bradycardia / Q000628:therapy; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005260:Female; D006327:Heart Block / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D009206:Myocardium; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D010496:Pericardium