Bone density in long term users of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate.
OBJECTIVE
To identify any adverse effect on bone density in long term users of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) for contraception.


METHODS
Cross-sectional measurement of bone density in users with amenorrhoea of more than one year or any woman using DMPA for more than five years.


METHODS
Community Family Planning Clinics in Portsmouth and Manchester.


METHODS
One hundred and eighty-five women aged 17-52 years (mean 33.3 years) who had used DMPA for between 1 and 16 years and were attending the clinics for further injections, between August 1994 and August 1996.


METHODS
Dual energy X-ray measurement of bone density of femoral neck and lumbar spine, and venous blood sample taken just prior to the next injection of DMPA.


METHODS
Bone density of femoral neck and lumbar spine and serum oestradiol in relationship to years of DMPA use and duration of amenorrhoea.


RESULTS
Most women (n=153) had serum oestradiol levels < 150 pmol/l. Despite this, the mean bone density of the lumbar spine compared with the population mean for women aged 20-59 years gave a Z score (95% CI) of -0.332 (-0.510 to -0.154). There was no significant difference in the mean density of the femoral neck from the normal population mean.


CONCLUSIONS
Despite amenorrhoea and low serum oestradiol, this sample of long term DMPA users had bone density only minimally below the normal population mean. We therefore found no clinically important adverse effect on bone density and therefore no reason to recommend bone conserving measures, such as add-back oestrogen.
Palatine Centre, University of Manchester, UK.
B
B
Gbolade
S
S
Ellis
B
B
Murby
S
S
Randall
R
R
Kirkman
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005272:Femur Neck; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D013997:Time Factors
D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate