IL-4 protects adult C57BL/6 mice from prolonged Cryptosporidium parvum infection: analysis of CD4+alpha beta+IFN-gamma+ and CD4+alpha beta+IL-4+ lymphocytes in gut-associated lymphoid tissue during resolution of infection.
Resistance of adult C57BL/6 mice to severe Cryptosporidium parvum infection is dependent on CD4+alpha beta+ TCR lymphocytes. In this study, we demonstrated that treatment with anti-IFN-gamma mAb extended oocyst excretion 18 days longer, and anti-IL-4 mAb extended oocyst excretion at least 11 days longer than isotype control mAb treatment. Analysis of the specific activity of anti-IFN-gamma mAb present in treated mouse sera suggested that IFN-gamma may have a limited role in the resolution phase of infection. Changes were also documented in numbers of CD4+alpha beta+IFN-gamma+ and CD4+alpha beta+IL-4+ lymphocytes in Peyer's patches and intraepithelium of adult C57BL/6 mice during resolution of C. parvum infection. Resistance to initial severe infection was associated with CD4+alpha beta+IFN-gamma+ lymphocytes, and eventual resolution of infection was associated with CD4+alpha beta+IL-4+ lymphocytes. Analysis of cytokine expression following in vitro stimulation with C. parvum Ags during resolution of infection demonstrated consistent increases in CD4+alpha beta+IL-4+ lymphocytes, but not CD4+alpha beta+IFN-gamma+ lymphocytes. The relevance of CD4+alpha beta+IL-4+ lymphocytes in protection against C. parvum was then evaluated in C57BL/6 IL-4 gene knockout mice (IL-4(-/-)). Adult IL-4(-/-) mice excreted oocysts in feces approximately 23 days longer than IL-4(+/+) mice. Further, anti-IFN-gamma mAb treatment increased the severity and the duration of infection in IL-4(-/-) mice compared with those in IL-4(+/+) mice. Together, the data demonstrated that IFN-gamma was important in the control of severity of infection, and either IFN-gamma or IL-4 accelerated termination of infection. However, neither IL-4 nor IFN-gamma was required for the final clearance of infection from the intestinal tract of adult mice.
Aguirre
S A
SA
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman 99164, USA. saa@leland.stanford.edu
Perryman
L E
LE
Davis
W C
WC
McGuire
T C
TC
D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D003457:Cryptosporidiosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016785:Cryptosporidium parvum / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D007156:Immunologic Memory / Q000276:immunology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D016693:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta / Q000032:analysis*; D012074:Remission Induction; D013045:Species Specificity; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D016693:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma