Pain control in the pediatric patient.
This article reviews current methods of pediatric pain control. Nonpharmacologic approaches to painful procedures are reviewed with emphasis on developmental stages and how the perception of pain modifies patient response. Practical tips for minimizing the pain of injections and cryotherapy presented. Pharmacologic approaches to pain control including dosage charts and a discussion on side effects, as well as the safety of these agents, is discussed.
Division of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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AM
Wagner
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000698:Analgesia / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017679:Cryotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007267:Injections / Q000009:adverse effects; D007834:Lasers / Q000009:adverse effects; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control