DNA immunization of infants: potential and limitations.
DNA immunization is a relatively new and efficacious approach to vaccination. Only recently have we begun to test the efficacy of DNA vaccines in infants. DNA vaccines for a retrovirus, hepatitis B, influenza, rabies, measles, tetanus toxoid, and sendai virus, have now been proven to induce cellular and humoral immune responses in infant animals. Here we review the field of DNA immunization of newborn animals, some new promising immunization strategies, and the rapid progress obtained in this field.
Butts
C
C
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore 21201, USA.
Zubkoff
I
I
Robbins
D S
DS
Cao
S
S
Sarzotti
M
M
D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*
D019444:Vaccines, DNA