Direct visualization of surface charge in aqueous solution.
Tapping mode atomic force microscopy operated in the phase shift mode is used to directly visualize the surface charge on biological macromolecules under solution. A simple theory is presented which is qualitatively consistent with experimental observations, although a more complicated theoretical analysis is required for a quantitative comparison.
Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics and Biophysics Program, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22908, USA.
D M
DM
Czajkowsky
M J
MJ
Allen
V
V
Elings
Z
Z
Shao
D008051:Lipid Bilayers / Q000737:chemistry*; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D013499:Surface Properties
D008051:Lipid Bilayers; D046911:Macromolecular Substances