The inhibiting effect of cola on gastric mucosal cell cycle proliferation in humans.
BACKGROUND
Acidic beverages may be involved in regulating the cell proliferation of the gastric mucosa. We therefore analyzed the interaction of Coca-Cola consumption and gastric mucosal proliferation by means of flow cytometry.


METHODS
Sixteen healthy students agreed to participate in this study. All volunteers underwent an oesophagogastroduodenoscopy after a 12-h overnight fast. Endoscopic changes in the gastric mucosa were determined quantitatively. One day later, after a 12-h overnight fast, all volunteers received standard Coca-Cola (200 ml, pH 2.6, 4 degrees C). One hour later all volunteers again underwent oesophagogastroduodenoscopy, to measure gastric mucosal damage. During both the first and the second endoscopy at least four biopsy specimens were taken from the antrum for flow cytometric analysis.


RESULTS
The endoscopic analysis showed that there was no difference before and after Coca-Cola consumption. However, the flow cytometric analysis showed that Coca-Cola inhibited the proliferation index and the S phase. Before Coca-Cola consumption G0/G1: 60 (57-62), G2/M: 0.6 (0.2-1), S: 40 (37-42), and PI: 0.40 (0.38-0.43) and after Coca-Cola consumption G0/G1: 70 (60-73), G2/M: 1.9 (1.2-2.5), S: 28 (26-32), and PI: 0.30 (0.27-0.34) the cell population G0/G1 and G2/M phases were significantly increased (P < 0.0001, 0.0003), and the cell population S and PI phases were significantly low compared with the pre-consumption data (P < 0.0002, 0.0001).


CONCLUSIONS
The cell cycle analysis reflects that Coca-Cola inhibits a crucial event in the cell cycle occurring at the G1/S border.
Dept. of Internal Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, School of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey.
S
S
Kapicioğlu
A
A
Baki
Y
Y
Tekelioğlu
M
M
Arslan
M
M
Sari
E
E
Ovali
D000328:Adult; D002253:Carbonated Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D016195:G2 Phase / Q000187:drug effects; D005744:Gastric Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology*; D005773:Gastroscopy; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D012016:Reference Values; D016196:S Phase / Q000187:drug effects; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric