Risk and prevention of type 2 diabetes in women with gestational diabetes.
Women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at increased risk of future diabetes, predominantly type 2 diabetes, as are their children. The extent of this risk depends both on the diagnostic criteria used to identify GDM and on maternal risk factors, some of which are potentially modifiable whereas others are not. The unmodifiable risk factors are ethnicity, pre-pregnancy weight, age, parity, family history of diabetes, and degree of hyperglycemia in pregnancy and immediately postpartum. The modifiable risk factors are persistent obesity, future weight gain, and subsequent pregnancies. Additional modifiable risk factors in these women are likely to be levels of physical activity, dietary fat, and avoidance of other lifestyle factors that adversely influence insulin resistance, such as smoking and certain drugs. Diabetic prevention strategies need to address the potentially modifiable risk factors using the unmodifiable risk factors to identify women most at risk.
Department of Metabolic Medicine, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, U.K. anneritter@easynet.co.uk
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Dornhorst
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Rossi
D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004041:Dietary Fats; D018450:Disease Progression; D005006:Ethnicity; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008019:Life Style; D008131:London / Q000453:epidemiology; D009765:Obesity; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D049590:Postpartum Period / Q000097:blood; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors
D001786:Blood Glucose; D004041:Dietary Fats; D007328:Insulin