Long-term results of adjuvant irradiation or surveillance in stage I testicular seminoma.
BACKGROUND
Excellent treatment results are obtained for stage I testicular seminoma treated with orchiectomy and prophylactic radiotherapy. In patients with stage I nonseminomatous testicular tumors, surveillance alone is successful, however, this treatment option for stage I testicular seminomas is controversial. There have been few reports of long-term follow-up of surveillance alone for patients with stage I testicular seminoma.


METHODS
To assess the appropriateness of th is treatment option, a retrospective survey of stage I testicular seminoma was undertaken. Twenty-seven patients who underwent prophylactic radiation therapy (RT group) and 41 patients followed only by surveillance (S group) after high orchiectomy were evaluated. Their follow-up consisted of frequent clinical examinations, abdominal CT scans, chest x-rays and serum tumor markers.


RESULTS
In the RT group, with a median follow-up period of 15 years, 1 patient (3.6%) had a recurrence in the lung at 4 months after orchiectomy and died, but the remaining 26 are alive with no evidence of disease (NED). In the S group, with a median follow-up period of 7.3 years, 5 (12.2%) relapsed in the retroperitoneal lymph nodes, but all are alive with NED following chemotherapy. The remaining 36 are all alive without recurrence (follow-up period, 38 to 132 months). Although the relapse rate in the S group was relatively higher than in the RT group, there was no significant difference between the 2 groups.


CONCLUSIONS
If a frequent follow-up protocol is administered and followed by the patient, surveillance alone may be a recommended management for stage I testicular seminoma.
Miki
T
T
Department of Urology, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Japan.
Nonomura
N
N
Saiki
S
S
Kotake
T
T
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009919:Orchiectomy; D011379:Prognosis; D012008:Recurrence; D018239:Seminoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor