Id helix-loop-helix proteins in cell growth and differentiation.
Id helix-loop-helix proteins function at a general level as positive regulators of cell growth and as negative regulators of cell differentiation. They act as dominant-negative antagonists of other helix-loop-helix transcription factors, which drive cell lineage commitment and differentiation in diverse cell types of higher eukaryotes. In addition, the functions of Id proteins are integrated with cell-cycle-regulatory pathways orchestrated by cyclin-dependent kinases and the retinoblastoma protein. Here, some of the recent advances that highlight the importance of Id proteins as regulatory intermediates for coordinating differentiation-linked gene expression with cell-cycle control in response to extracellular signalling are reviewed.
Cancer Research Campaign Dept of Gene Regulation, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Christie Hospital NHS Trust, Manchester, UK. JNorton@picr.man.ac.uk
J D
JD
Norton
R W
RW
Deed
G
G
Craggs
F
F
Sablitzky
D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D005057:Eukaryotic Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D018257:Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs / Q000235:genetics*; D051798:Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
D051798:Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors