Pain perception following subcutaneous injections of citrate-buffered and phosphate-buffered epoetin alpha.
Subcutaneous injection of citrate-buffered epoetin alpha (EPO-alpha) causes pain. Substitution of citrate buffer with a phosphate buffer in the EPO-alpha resulted in a significant reduction in duration and severity of pain. It is possible that sodium citrate which is present in the EPO-alpha may be the agent that causes discomfort in the patients.
Yu
A W
AW
Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin. yualexw@cuhk.edu.hk
Leung
C B
CB
Li
P K
PK
Lui
S F
SF
Lai
K N
KN
D000328:Adult; D002021:Buffers; D002951:Citrates / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004339:Drug Compounding; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced*; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000187:drug effects; D010710:Phosphates / Q000009:adverse effects; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000379:methods; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D000077559:Sodium Citrate
D002021:Buffers; D002951:Citrates; D010710:Phosphates; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D004921:Erythropoietin; D000077559:Sodium Citrate