Mechanisms of hepatic toxicity. I. TNF-induced liver injury.
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) functions as a two-edged sword in the liver. TNF-alpha is required for normal hepatocyte proliferation during liver regeneration. It functions both as a comitogen and to induce the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB, which has antiapoptotic effects. On the other hand, TNF-alpha is the mediator of hepatotoxicity in many animal models, including those involving the toxins concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide. TNF-alpha has also been implicated as an important pathogenic mediator in patients with alcoholic liver disease and viral hepatitis.
Bradham
C A
CA
Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7080, USA.
Plümpe
J
J
Manns
M P
MP
Brenner
D A
DA
Trautwein
C
C
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D006525:Hepatitis, Viral, Human / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology; D008108:Liver Diseases, Alcoholic / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008115:Liver Regeneration; D008954:Models, Biological; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000502:physiology*
D016328:NF-kappa B; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha