A prospective 4- to 5-year study of DSM-III-R hypochondriasis.
BACKGROUND
Although hypochondriasis is generally thought to be a chronic and stable condition with a relatively low remission rate, this disorder remains understudied.


METHODS
This is a 4- to 5-year prospective case-control study of DSM-III-R hypochondriasis. Medical outpatients meeting DSM diagnostic criteria for hypochondriasis completed an extensive research battery assessing hypochondriacal symptoms, medical and psychiatric comorbidity, functional status and role impairment, and medical care. A comparison group of nonhypochondriacal patients from the same setting underwent the same battery. Four to 5 years later, both cohorts were re-interviewed.


RESULTS
One hundred twenty hypochondriacal and 133 nonhypochondriacal comparison patients were originally studied. Follow-up was obtained on 73.5% (n = 186) of all patients. At follow-up, the hypochondriacal sample was significantly (P<.001) less hypochondriacal and had less somatization (P<.001) and disability than at inception, but 63.5% (n = 54) still met DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria. When compared with the comparison group using repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance, these changes remained statistically significant (P<.0001). Changes in medical and psychiatric comorbidity did not differ between the 2 groups. When hypochondriacal patients who did and did not meet diagnostic criteria at follow-up were compared, the latter had significantly less disease conviction (P<.05) and somatization (P<.01) at inception, and their incidence of major medical illness during the follow-up period was significantly (P<.05) greater.


CONCLUSIONS
Hypochondriacal patients show a considerable decline in symptoms and improvement in role functioning over 4 to 5 years but two thirds of them still meet diagnostic criteria. Hypochondriasis, therefore, carries a very substantial, long-term burden of morbidity, functional impairment, and personal distress.
Barsky
A J
AJ
Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass 02115, USA. ajbarsky@bics.bwh.harvard.edu
Fama
J M
JM
Bailey
E D
ED
Ahern
D K
DK
D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D006998:Hypochondriasis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009017:Morbidity; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012923:Social Class