Pharmacokinetics of nevirapine in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected pregnant women and their neonates. Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 250 Team.
The safety, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics of intrapartum and early newborn nevirapine were evaluated in 17 human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected women in labor and their newborns. No adverse effects of nevirapine were noted in any study mothers or infants. Following maternal dosing with 200 mg during labor, concentrations exceeding 100 ng/mL (10 times the in vitro IC50) were achieved in the newborns. Nevirapine elimination was prolonged in both mothers and infants, with median half-lives ranging from 36.8 to 65.7 h. Administration of 200 mg orally to the mothers in labor and of a single 2-mg/kg oral dose to the infants at 48-72 h after birth maintained serum concentrations in the infants > 100 ng/mL through 7 days of life.
Mirochnick
M
M
Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Massachusetts 02118, USA. markm@bu.edu
Fenton
T
T
Gagnier
P
P
Pav
J
J
Gwynne
M
M
Siminski
S
S
Sperling
R S
RS
Beckerman
K
K
Jimenez
E
E
Yogev
R
R
Spector
S A
SA
Sullivan
J L
JL
D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D019829:Nevirapine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D019829:Nevirapine