Oxidative stress activates the human histidine decarboxylase promoter in AGS gastric cancer cells.
Oxidant stress is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of many gastric disorders. We have recently reported that histidine decarboxylase (HDC) promoter activity is stimulated by gastrin through a protein kinase C- and extracellular signal-regulating kinase (ERK)-dependent pathway in gastric cancer (AGS-B) cells, and this transcriptional response is mediated by a downstream cis-acting element, the gastrin response element (GAS-RE). To study the mechanism through which oxidant stress affects gastric cells, we examined the effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on HDC promoter activity and intracellular signaling in AGS-B cells. H2O2 (10 mM) specifically activated the HDC promoter 10-12-fold, and this activation was blocked by both mannitol and N-acetylcysteine. Hydrogen peroxide treatment of AGS-B cells increased the phosphorylation and kinase activity of ERK-1 and ERK-2, but did not affect Jun kinase tyrosine phosphorylation or kinase activity. In addition, treatment of AGS-B cells with H2O2 resulted in increased c-fos/c-jun mRNA expression and AP-1 activity, and also led to increased phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Shc. H2O2-dependent stimulation of HDC promoter activity was completely inhibited by kinase-deficient ERKs, dominant-negative (N17 and N15) Ras, and dominant-negative Raf, and partially blocked by a dominant-negative EGFR mutant. In contrast, protein kinase C blockade did not inhibit H2O2-dependent induction of the HDC promoter. Finally, deletion analysis demonstrated that the H2O2 response element could be mapped to the GAS-RE (nucleotides 2 to 24) of the basal HDC promoter. Overall, these studies suggest that oxidant stress activates the HDC promoter through the GAS-RE, and through an Ras-, Raf-, and ERK-dependent pathway at least partially involving the EGFR.
Höcker
M
M
Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Hepatologie und Gastroenterologie, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Humboldt Universität, Berlin, Germany.
Rosenberg
I
I
Xavier
R
R
Henihan
R J
RJ
Wiedenmann
B
B
Rosewicz
S
S
Podolsky
D K
DK
Wang
T C
TC
D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D033942:Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport; D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D005753:Gastric Mucosa; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006640:Histidine Decarboxylase / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D008957:Models, Genetic; D016877:Oxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000235:genetics*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000378:metabolism; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf / Q000378:metabolism; D055765:Shc Signaling Adaptor Proteins; D015398:Signal Transduction; D000071425:Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing, Transforming Protein 1; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018909:src Homology Domains
D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D033942:Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport; D016877:Oxidants; D011506:Proteins; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; C528024:SHC1 protein, human; D055765:Shc Signaling Adaptor Proteins; D000071425:Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing, Transforming Protein 1; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D018631:ras Proteins; D006640:Histidine Decarboxylase