Edema associated with I-125 or Pd-103 prostate brachytherapy and its impact on post-implant dosimetry: an analysis based on serial CT acquisition.
OBJECTIVE
To characterize the magnitude and duration of post-implant edema following the implantation of I-125 or Pd-103 seeds into the prostate and to investigate its effect on the CT-based calculation of the total dose delivered by the implant.


METHODS
A pre-implant CT scan and 3 to 5 serial post-implant CT scans were obtained on 10 patients who received either I-125 or Pd-103 seed implants. None of the patients received hormone therapy. The magnitude and duration of edema were determined from the change in the spatial distribution of the implanted seeds as the edema resolves. Dose volume histograms were compiled to determine the percentage of the prostate volume that received a dose equal to, or greater than, the prescribed dose.


RESULTS
The magnitude of the edema, expressed as the ratio of the post- to pre-implant volume on the day of the procedure, ranged from 1.33 to 1.96 (mean 1.52). The edema decreased exponentially with time; however, the edema half-life (time for the edema to decrease by 1/2) varied from 4 to 25 days (mean 9.3 days). As the edema resolved, the percentage of the prostate that received a dose equal to or greater than the prescribed dose increased by at least 7% in 7 of the 10 patients and increased by more than 15% in 2. In those patients in whom dose coverage was unaffected by the resolution of edema, more than 90% of the prostate was covered by the prescribed dose in the initial CT scan.


CONCLUSIONS
Post-implant edema increased the prostate volume by factors which ranged from 1.33 to 1.96 (mean: 1.52). The edema resolved exponentially with an edema half-life which varied from 4 to 25 days (mean: 9.3 days). Edema had a significant effect on the post-implant dosimetry in 7 of 10 cases. Factors that affect the impact of edema on the dosimetry are the magnitude of the edema and the planned margin between the prescribed isodose line and the periphery of the prostate.
Department of Radiation Oncology, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. frank.waterman@mail.tju.edu
F M
FM
Waterman
N
N
Yue
B W
BW
Corn
A P
AP
Dicker
D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004487:Edema / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D010165:Palladium / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011467:Prostate / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000528:radiation effects*; D011469:Prostatic Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy; D011859:Radiography; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D013997:Time Factors
D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D010165:Palladium