Living alone does not adversely affect nutrient intake and nutritional status of 70- to 75-year-old men and women in small towns across Europe.
This study determined the relationships between living alone and a variety of sociodemographic variables and dietary intake and nutritional status of 70- to 75-year-old men and women across Europe. Data from nine centers, collected as part of the SENECA study, were selected for analysis. Respondents were categorized as either living alone, living with a spouse/partner only, or living with a spouse/partner and/or other person(s). Analyses included chi-square statistics, t-tests, and analysis of variance, measures of relationships and differences between residential-status groups. The sample included 512 subjects who lived alone, 1017 who lived with a spouse/partner only, and 380 who lived with a spouse/partner and/or other person(s). Variables which differed significantly by living arrangement included higher vitamin A, calcium, riboflavin and water intake by both males and females living alone as compared to either those living with a spouse, those living with others, or both groups. Females who lived alone had lower energy intake than those who lived with other than a spouse/partner, and women who lived alone or as couples versus those who lived with others had lower protein and carbohydrate intakes. Males who lived alone had significantly lower intakes of vitamin C than those who lived with person(s) other than a spouse, but still they were considerably above recommended levels. Respondents who lived with a spouse/partner only were less likely to have an unfavorable BMI status than people in the other two groups. Thus, nutrient intakes of 70- to 75-year-olds across Europe are generally not adversely impacted by living alone, and relative to some nutrients, namely vitamin A, calcium, and riboflavin, their diets are better than those living in one or both of the other residential categories.
Department of Health Sciences, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA.
J M
JM
Pearson
D
D
Schlettwein-Gsell
W
W
van Staveren
L
L
de Groot
D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002118:Calcium; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004032:Diet; D004326:Drinking; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006707:Homes for the Aged; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008393:Marriage; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D009752:Nutritional Status; D012256:Riboflavin; D012847:Single Person; D014801:Vitamin A
D014801:Vitamin A; D002118:Calcium; D012256:Riboflavin