Related adhesion focal tyrosine kinase and the epidermal growth factor receptor mediate the stimulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase by the G-protein-coupled P2Y2 receptor. Phorbol ester or [Ca2+]i elevation can substitute for receptor activation.
The activation of growth factor receptors and receptors coupled to heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G-proteins) can increase mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activity in many cells. Previously, we demonstrated that the activation of G-protein-coupled P2Y2 receptors by extracellular ATP and UTP stimulated MAP (p42 ERK2) kinase by a mechanism that was dependent on the elevation of [Ca2+]i and the activation of related adhesion focal tyrosine kinase (RAFTK) (also called PYK2, CAKbeta, and CADTK) and protein kinase C (PKC). Here, we examine further the signaling cascade between the P2Y2 receptor and MAP kinase. MAP kinase was transiently activated by exposure of PC12 cells to UTP. UTP, ionomycin, and phorbol ester (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) increased MAP kinase activity and also promoted the tyrosine phosphorylation of RAFTK, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, SHC, and p120(cbl). Down-regulation of PKC and inhibition of the elevation of [Ca2+]i, conditions that block the activation of MAP kinase, also blocked the increases in the tyrosine phosphorylation of RAFTK and the EGF receptor. AG1478, a tyrphostin selective for the EGF receptor, reduced the activation of MAP kinase, the tyrosine phosphorylation of SHC, the association of Grb2 with SHC, and the tyrosine phosphorylation of the EGF receptor and p120(cbl) but did not block the tyrosine phosphorylation of RAFTK. The similar effects of UTP, ionomycin, and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) on these signaling proteins demonstrate that the two signaling molecules from phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate hydrolysis ([Ca2+]i, from inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate production, and diacylglycerol) can individually initiate the activation of MAP kinase in an EGF receptor-dependent manner. These results demonstrate that the P2Y2 receptor-mediated transactivation of the EGF receptor occurs at a point downstream of RAFTK and indicate that the EGF receptor is required for P2Y2 receptor-mediated MAP kinase activation. Although P2Y2 and EGF receptors may both activate a similar multiprotein signaling cascade immediately upstream of MAP kinase, the P2Y2 receptor appears to uniquely utilize [Ca2+]i, PKC, and, subsequently, RAFTK.
Division of Signal Transduction, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA. sspltoff@bidmc.harvard.edu
S P
SP
Soltoff
D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D033942:Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D051418:Focal Adhesion Kinase 2; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015759:Ionomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008954:Models, Biological; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology; D016716:PC12 Cells; D010703:Phorbol Esters / Q000494:pharmacology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D050721:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-cbl; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D058473:Receptors, Purinergic P2Y2; D055765:Shc Signaling Adaptor Proteins; D015398:Signal Transduction; D000071425:Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing, Transforming Protein 1; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism; D020032:Tyrphostins; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D014544:Uridine Triphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology*
D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D033942:Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport; D009570:Nitriles; C546387:P2ry2 protein, rat; D010703:Phorbol Esters; D011506:Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D011799:Quinazolines; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2; D058473:Receptors, Purinergic P2Y2; D055765:Shc Signaling Adaptor Proteins; C528035:Shc1 protein, rat; D000071425:Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing, Transforming Protein 1; D020032:Tyrphostins; C101044:RTKI cpd; D014443:Tyrosine; D015759:Ionomycin; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D050721:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-cbl; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D051418:Focal Adhesion Kinase 2; C496054:Ptk2b protein, rat; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D002118:Calcium; D014544:Uridine Triphosphate