Influence of an antiperspirant on foot blister incidence during cross-country hiking.
BACKGROUND
Rubbing moist skin results in higher frictional forces than rubbing very dry skin. As friction increases, the probability of activity-related blisters also increases. Therefore reducing moisture may reduce blister incidence during physical activity.


OBJECTIVE
We examined whether an antiperspirant can reduce foot blisters during hiking.


METHODS
In a double-blind study, cadets attending the US Military Academy were separated into two groups that used either an antiperspirant (20% aluminum chloride hexahydrate in anhydrous ethyl alcohol) or placebo (anhydrous ethyl alcohol) preparation. Cadets were told to apply preparations to their feet for 5 consecutive nights. On day 6, cadets completed a 21-km hike, and their feet were examined for blisters before and after.


RESULTS
Because of dropouts, the final sample size was 667 cadets with 328 in the antiperspirant group and 339 in the placebo group. There was a high rate of noncompliance with the treatment schedule: Cadets used the preparations from 0 to 5 nights before the hike. For cadets using the preparations at least 3 nights before the hike (n=269), the incidence of foot blisters was 21% for the antiperspirant group and 48% for the placebo group (P < 0.01). However, reports of skin irritation were 57% for the antiperspirant group and 6% for the placebo group (P < 0.01).


CONCLUSIONS
A 20% solution of aluminum chloride hexahydrate in anhydrous ethyl alcohol may be effective in reducing foot blisters during hiking; however, the side effect of skin irritation should be considered and preventive measures studied to reduce this irritation.
Knapik
J J
JJ
Epidemiology and Disease Surveillance, US Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21040, USA.
Reynolds
K
K
Barson
J
J
D000077410:Aluminum Chloride; D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001252:Astringents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001768:Blister / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002712:Chlorides; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D000431:Ethanol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015444:Exercise; D005533:Foot Dermatoses / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008889:Military Personnel; D009518:New York; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016312:Treatment Refusal; D016138:Walking / Q000293:injuries*
D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D001252:Astringents; D002712:Chlorides; D004338:Drug Combinations; D000077410:Aluminum Chloride; D000431:Ethanol