Th1 and Th2 cell involvement in immune response to Salmonella typhimurium porins.
In understanding the regulation of the specific immune response to Salmonella typhimurium, the role of a surface major component (porins) was studied. In this study we demonstrate that purified porins are able to induce a different response to that induced by the porins present on the S. typhimurium cell surface. Porin-treated or orally infected mice show anti-porin antibodies with bactericidal activity. The complete adoptive transfer of resistance to S. typhimurium is achieved only using splenic T cells from survivor mice after experimental infection. After stimulation with specific antigen in vitro CD4+ cells from porin-immunized mice released large amounts of interleukin-4 (IL-4), at a time when CD4+ cells from S. typhimurium-infected mice predominantly secreted interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). Limiting dilution analysis showed that infection resulted in a higher precursor frequency of IFN-gamma-producing CD4+ T cells and a lower precursor frequency of IL-4-producing CD4+ T cells, while immunization with porins resulted in a higher precursor frequency of IL-4-producing cells and a low frequency of IFN-gamma-producing cells. Analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified cDNA from the spleens of infected mice revealed that IFN-gamma, IL-2 and IL-12 p40 mRNA were found 5 days after in vitro challenge and increased after 15 days; IL-10 expression was barely present after both 5 and 15 days, while IL-4 mRNA expression was not detected. In immunized mice, the IL-4 mRNA expression increased after 15 days, IFN-gamma mRNA expression disappeared entirely after 15 days, while IL-2, IL-10 and IL-12 mRNA remained relatively unchanged.
Galdiero
M
M
Department of Pathology, Prophylaxis and Food Inspection, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Naples Frederico II, Italy.
De Martino
L
L
Marcatili
A
A
Nuzzo
I
I
Vitiello
M
M
Cipollaro de l'Ero
G
G
D019264:Adoptive Transfer; D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology*; D001770:Blood Bactericidal Activity; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018272:Porins / Q000276:immunology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000517:prevention & control; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000276:immunology*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*
D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D016207:Cytokines; D018272:Porins; D012333:RNA, Messenger