Molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in Brazil: high prevalence of HIV-1 subtype B and identification of an HIV-1 subtype D infection in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Evandro Chagas Hospital AIDS Clinical Research Group.
HIV-1-positive individuals were recruited from January 1993 to December 1996 from several cohorts receiving follow-up in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to evaluate HIV-1 genetic variability and the potential association with modes of transmission. HIV-1 subtyping was carried out using the heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA), and those samples corresponding to the typical Brazilian subtype B variant were further identified based on the Fok I restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). DNA sequencing was performed to evaluate one case of subtype D infection. From the 131 HIV-1-positive individuals analyzed, 106 (80.9%) could be identified as infected by subtype B and 20 (15.3%) by subtype F. One of the samples (0.8%) was classified as subtype D. DNA samples from 4 patients (3.0%) did not yield polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified products to be typed. Based on the Fok I RFLP, 39 of the 106 subtype B samples (37%) were identified as corresponding to the typical Brazilian subtype B variant containing the GWGR motif at the tip of the V3 loop. No statistically significant association could be detected between HIV-I subtypes and modes of transmission, exposure categories, or gender. This is the first reported case of HIV-1 subtype D infection in Brazil.
Department of Immunology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janerio, RJ, Brazil. morgado@gene.dbbm.fiocruz.br
M G
MG
Morgado
M L
ML
Guimarães
C B
CB
Gripp
C I
CI
Costa
I
I
Neves
V G
VG
Veloso
M I
MI
Linhares-Carvalho
L R
LR
Castello-Branco
F I
FI
Bastos
C
C
Kuiken
E A
EA
Castilho
B
B
Galvão-Castro
V
V
Bongertz
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016384:Consensus Sequence; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D015686:Gene Products, env / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009692:Nucleic Acid Heteroduplexes; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D015995:Prevalence; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014505:Urban Population
D004279:DNA, Viral; D015686:Gene Products, env; D009692:Nucleic Acid Heteroduplexes