Laparoscopic ultrasound enhances standard laparoscopy in the staging of pancreatic cancer.
OBJECTIVE
To define the role of laparoscopic ultrasound (LUS) in the staging of pancreatic tumors.


BACKGROUND
Laparoscopy has recently been established as a valuable tool in the staging of pancreatic cancer. It has been suggested that the addition of LUS to standard laparoscopy could improve the accuracy of this procedure.


METHODS
A prospective evaluation of 90 patients with pancreatic tumors undergoing laparoscopy and LUS was performed over a 27-month period. LUS equipped with an articulated curved and linear array transducer (6 to 10 MHz) was used. All patients underwent rigorous laparoscopic examination. Clinical, surgical, and pathologic data were collected.


RESULTS
The median age was 65 years (range 43 to 85 years). Sixty-four patients had tumors in the head, 19 in the body, and 3 in the tail of the pancreas. Four patients had ampullary tumors. LUS was able to image the primary tumor (98%), portal vein (97%), superior mesenteric vein (94%), hepatic artery (93%), and superior mesenteric artery (93%) in these patients. LUS was particularly helpful in determining venous involvement (42%) and arterial involvement (38%) by the tumor. This resulted in a change in surgical treatment for 13 (14%) of the 90 patients in whom standard laparoscopic examination was equivocal.


CONCLUSIONS
LUS is useful in evaluating the primary tumor and peripancreatic vascular anatomy. When standard laparoscopic findings are equivocal, LUS allowed accurate determination of resectability. Supplementing laparoscopy with LUS offers improved assessment and preoperative staging of pancreatic cancer.
Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York 10021, USA.
E A
EA
Minnard
K C
KC
Conlon
A
A
Hoos
E C
EC
Dougherty
L E
LE
Hann
M F
MF
Brennan
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods