Stabilization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein trimers by disulfide bonds introduced into the gp41 glycoprotein ectodomain.
Biochemical and structural studies of fragments of the ectodomain of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp41 transmembrane envelope glycoprotein have demonstrated that the molecular contacts between alpha helices allow the formation of a trimeric coiled coil. By introducing cysteine residues into specific locations along these alpha helices, the normally labile HIV-1 gp160 envelope glycoprotein was converted into a stable disulfide-linked oligomer. Although proteolytic cleavage into gp120 and gp41 glycoproteins was largely blocked, the disulfide-linked oligomer was efficiently transported to the cell surface and was recognized by a series of conformationally dependent antibodies. The pattern of hetero-oligomer formation between this construct and an analogous construct lacking portions of the gp120 variable loops and of the gp41 cytoplasmic tail demonstrates that these oligomers are trimers. These results support the relevance of the proposed gp41 structure and intersubunit contacts to the native, complete HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein. Disulfide-mediated stabilization of the labile HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein oligomer, which has been suggested to possess advantages as an immunogen, may assist attempts to develop vaccines.
Farzan
M
M
Division of Human Retrovirology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. farzan@mbcrr.harvard.edu
Choe
H
H
Desjardins
E
E
Sun
Y
Y
Kuhn
J
J
Cao
J
J
Archambault
D
D
Kolchinsky
P
P
Koch
M
M
Wyatt
R
R
Sodroski
J
J
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D019556:COS Cells; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D003545:Cysteine / Q000737:chemistry*; D004220:Disulfides; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D015700:HIV Envelope Protein gp41 / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D011487:Protein Conformation
D004220:Disulfides; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; D015700:HIV Envelope Protein gp41; D003545:Cysteine