Screening for suppression in young children: the polaroid suppression test.
BACKGROUND
Assessment of monocular visual impairment during screening of young children is often hampered by lack of cooperation. Because strabismus, amblyopia, or anisometropia may lead to monocular suppression during binocular viewing conditions, a test was developed to screen for suppression in young children.


METHODS
Children were invited to look through two polaroid filters of different polarization direction at two pictures covered with polaroid filters of opposite polarization direction. In this way, each eye could only see one of the two pictures. In cases of suppression, only one picture would be visible. Acuity measurements in 201 5-year-old children were compared with the Polaroid Suppresion test (PST) results.


RESULTS
The PST had a high success rate (99.5%) and testing time was under 1 minute. Specificity of the PST for acuity impairments was 91%. The low sensitivity of 60% was caused mainly by the fact that some children with binocular acuity impairments were not detected with the PST. However, the PST was highly sensitive for significant interocular acuity differences.


CONCLUSIONS
The PST has been found to be a useful screening method for amblyogenic factors in young children. The test can be carried out without occlusion of one eye. The apparatus is portable, the test duration is short, and the costs are low. The results indicate that the PST is a very promising tool to use in clinical conditions and for screening large numbers of young children.
Department of Physiology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
J W
JW
Pott
D K
DK
Oosterveen
J
J
Van Hof-van Duin
D000550:Amblyopia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013285:Strabismus / Q000175:diagnosis; D014787:Vision Tests / Q000379:methods*; D014792:Visual Acuity