A Visual Study of High Grade Oil Sand Disintegration Process.
High-grade oil sand disintegration process is observed under a microscope (320x) to validate laboratory experiments on bitumen displacement and final contact angles of bitumen droplets on glass surfaces. The bitumen film on a sand grain was displaced by water and bitumen droplets were formed on the sand grain. Photographs of the bitumen/water/sand contact line and bitumen droplets are presented. Bitumen droplets formed on the sand grain and those on a microscope glass surface were compared. It is observed that the static contact angle of bitumen droplet on a sand grain is similar to that observed on a microscope glass slide in aqueous environment at a pH of 9. Copyright 1998 Academic Press.
Basu
S
Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G6, Canada
Nandakumar
K
Masliyah
JH