Treatment of tinea capitis with itraconazole capsule pulse therapy.
BACKGROUND
The number of newly diagnosed cases of tinea capitis in children appears to be on the rise, particularly in urban centers.


OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness, safety, and compliance of itraconazole pulse therapy for tinea capitis.


METHODS
Fifty subjects (48 children [less than 18 years of age] and 2 adults) with tinea capitis were treated with pulse itraconazole in a multicenter evaluation. Each pulse lasted 1 week, with 2 weeks between the first two pulses and 3 weeks between the second and third pulses. The decision to administer a second or third pulse was determined by the response of the subject at the time that the next pulse was due. During the 1-week pulse of active therapy, itraconazole (5 mg/kg/day) was dosed as follows: more than 40 kg, 200 mg per day (two capsules per day); 20 to 40 kg, 100 mg per day (one capsule per day); and 10 to 19 kg, 50 mg per day (one half of a capsule per day). The duration of the study was 12 weeks with mycologic evaluation at this time. Subjects who were classified as treatment failures at 12 weeks after the start of therapy were given the option of receiving an additional 1-week pulse of active therapy, with 3 weeks between successive pulses.


RESULTS
The causative organisms were Trichophyton tonsurans (41 subjects), T violaceum (7), T. soudanense (1), and T rubrum (1). Thirteen subjects were lost to follow-up, with 37 subjects (35 children and 2 adults) available for evaluation 12 weeks after the start of therapy. At this time, cure (clinical and mycologic) was observed in 30 (81%) of 37 subjects. When the tinea capitis was mild, cure was obtained after one pulse in two subjects and after two pulses in five subjects. With tinea capitis of moderate extent, complete cure was obtained after one pulse in one subject, two pulses in eight subjects, and after three pulses in seven subjects. When tinea capitis was severe, two and three pulses produced complete cure in one and six subjects, respectively. Of the seven subjects whose conditions failed to respond (three subjects with moderate disease and four subjects with severe disease), five subjects chose to receive extra itraconazole. Clinical and mycologic cure was observed after four pulses in four subjects and after five pulses in one subject. There were no associated clinical adverse effects with itraconazole therapy.


CONCLUSIONS
With tinea capitis, itraconazole pulse therapy is effective and safe and is associated with high compliance. The pulse regimen enables the duration of treatment to be individualized, according to the extent of disease and its rate of resolution.
Gupta
A K
AK
Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Science Center and the University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Hofstader
S L
SL
Summerbell
R C
RC
Solomon
R
R
Adam
P
P
Alexis
M
M
Raboobee
N
N
De Doncker
P
P
D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002170:Canada; D002214:Capsules; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017964:Itraconazole / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012074:Remission Induction; D013019:South Africa; D013997:Time Factors; D014006:Tinea Capitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D017211:Treatment Failure; D014249:Trichophyton / Q000302:isolation & purification
D000935:Antifungal Agents; D002214:Capsules; D017964:Itraconazole