Management of the hypertensive patient who smokes.
Smoking and arterial hypertension are highly prevalent at the community level. While the coexistence of both risk factors is less frequent, the potentiation of cardiovascular risk when both are present makes the association highly relevant in terms of a preventive approach. There are many interrelationships between smoking and high blood pressure at the clinical, epidemiological and pathophysiological levels. Those demonstrable links compel us to review the usual explanation of the influence of smoking on blood pressure. Pharmacological treatment of the hypertensive patient who smokes must be adapted to the patient's risk profile, using the most efficacious antihypertensive agents. With the exception of nonselective beta-blockers, all the available antihypertensive drugs can be prescribed. Minimal intervention and nicotine replacement constitute the most well tested interventions in helping smokers to quit their habit. Nicotine replacement is currently a well tolerated intervention, even in patients with cardiovascular disease.
Department of Internal Medicine, Consortium of the Red Cross Hospital, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. rtress@dsss.scs.es
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Pardell
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Tresserras
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Saltó
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Armario
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Hernández
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009538:Nicotine / Q000009:adverse effects; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016540:Smoking Cessation
D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D009538:Nicotine