Changes in the Caucasian male facial profile as depicted in fashion magazines during the twentieth century.
The purposes of this study were to (1) measure changes in the young adult Caucasian male profile through time and (2) describe the male profile depicted in current fashion magazines. Profile photographs (n = 116) of male models collected from leading fashion magazines of the last 65 years were analyzed. They were reproduced as slides, and the images were scanned and projected onto a computer monitor. Soft tissue landmarks were digitized and the profiles were corrected for size differences. Six linear, nine angular, and three proportional parameters were measured. Anteroposterior lip position, lip curl, and vermilion area showed statistically significant correlations (r > or = 31, p < 0.01) with the progression of time. Other angular measurements and vertical facial proportions did not change significantly (r < or = 17, p > 0.05). The results showed that (1) the male profile depicted in fashion magazines has changed significantly with time and the changes were in the area of the lips; and (2) there was a trend of increasing lip protrusion, lip curl, and vermilion display. We conclude that similar to the female profile, the esthetic male profile has changed with time.
Nguyen
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University of California, Los Angeles, School of Dentistry, 90095-1668, USA.
Turley
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D000328:Adult; D002508:Cephalometry; D018864:Cultural Diversity; D004954:Esthetics; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008046:Lip / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010506:Periodicals as Topic; D010781:Photography; D011173:Portraits as Topic; D012928:Social Desirability; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014481:United States; D044465:White People