Antioxidant vitamin supplementation and lipid peroxidation in smokers.
Previous studies have shown that cigarette smoke enhances lipid peroxidation. This study examined the effect of daily consumption of a tomato-based juice supplemented with vitamin C (600 mg), vitamin E (400 IU, or 400 mg), and beta-carotene (30 mg) on various indexes of lipid peroxidation (breath pentane excretion and susceptibility of LDL to copper-mediated oxidation) in smokers. In addition, plasma lycopene and vitamin concentrations and total peroxyl radical trapping potential, a measure of antioxidant defenses, were assessed. Relative to the placebo juice, the vitamin-supplemented juice resulted in a significant decrease in breath-pentane excretion as well as a significant improvement in the resistance of LDL to oxidation. The lag phase of conjugated diene formation lengthened and the propagation rate decreased, indicating a decreased susceptibility of LDL to oxidative modification. Increased concentrations of plasma vitamin C, beta-carotene, and lycopene were found to be significantly correlated with the conjugated diene lag phase and rate of formation. Vitamin E was highly correlated with beta-carotene. Plasma total peroxyl radical trapping potential values did not change in response to supplementation. This study thus indicates that an antioxidant-supplemented drink can reduce lipid peroxidation and susceptibility of LDL to oxidation in smokers and may ameliorate the oxidative stress of cigarette smoke.
Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle 98195-6426, USA.
F M
FM
Steinberg
A
A
Chait
D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000378:metabolism; D010420:Pentanes / Q000378:metabolism; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012907:Smoking / Q000378:metabolism*; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000008:administration & dosage*
D000975:Antioxidants; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D010420:Pentanes; D019207:beta Carotene; D014810:Vitamin E; C033353:pentane; D001205:Ascorbic Acid