Evaluation of the interface between one-bottle bonding agents and dentin by cryopreparation and low-temperature scanning electron microscopy (LTSEM). A pilot study on perfused dentinal samples.
OBJECTIVE
Dentin bonding samples are generally observed in the high vacuum chamber of an electron microscope only after completion of the bonding procedure fixation, dehydration and drying of the specimens. The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of each step in the application of various one-bottle dentin bonding agents (DBA) using cryopreparation followed by low-temperature scanning electron microscopy (LTSEM).


METHODS
Prime&Bond 2.1 (P&B 2.1), Coltène Experimental (Exp.) and Syntac Single Component (Syntac SC) were applied onto perfused dentin of extracted, human third permanent molar teeth. After acid-etching, rinsing and drying, and following the application of the respective resins, the teeth were fractured at random and plunge-frozen in liquid nitrogen before examination under LTSEM. As this method preserves the state of the treated surface at the moment when it is frozen, each step of the application of the DBA can be observed as if it were a 'real-time' procedure.


RESULTS
Acid-etching the dentin resulted in the removal of the smear layer for all materials tested. Those one-bottle DBAs which recommend the application of two consecutive resin layers (P&B 2.1 and Syntac SC) showed incomplete saturation of the dentinal surface after application of the first layer. With Syntac SC the incomplete saturation was more pronounced than with P&B 2.1. The use of Exp. resulted in a much more homogeneous coverage of the dentin despite only one layer of resin having been applied.


CONCLUSIONS
It is concluded that cryo-preparation followed by LTSEM appears to be a method which allows each stage of the application of DBA to be evaluated.
Kälin
C
C
University of Zurich, Department of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics, Switzerland.
Paul
S J
SJ
Schärer
P
P
Düggelin
M
M
Mathys
D
D
Guggenheim
R
R
D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D003080:Cold Temperature; D015925:Cryopreservation; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005615:Freezing; D016591:Histocytological Preparation Techniques; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning / Q000379:methods; D008963:Molar; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D016369:Smear Layer; D013499:Surface Properties; D014618:Vacuum
D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; C103500:Prime & Bond; D019279:Resin Cements; C078484:Syntac dentine adhesive; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; D009584:Nitrogen