Sexually dimorphic interaction of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and sex steroids in lactotrophs.
Anterior pituitary hormone secretion is sexually dimorphic due partially to gender differences in the postpubertal hormone environment; however, differences in the pituitary's responsiveness to these signals may also play a role. We have used simple and double in situ hybridization to determine whether lactotrophs and somatotrophs from male and female rats respond differently in vitro to growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), somatostatin (SS) or insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and whether sex steroids modulate these responses. Cultures were treated with either 17 beta-estradiol (E; 10(-9)M), testosterone (T; 10(-7)M), dihydrotestosterone (DHT; 10(-7) M) or vehicle in combination with either GHRH (10(-7)M), SS (10(-7)M), IGF-I (10(-7)M) or vehicle. Basal mRNA levels of GH, prolactin (PRL) and pituitary transcription factor-1 (Pit-1) did not differ between the sexes. The responses to peptide hormones alone were similar between the sexes, but not in the presence of gonadal steroids. In females, DHT reduced and E increased the stimulatory effect of GHRH and inhibitory effect of SS on GH mRNA levels (two-way ANOVA: P < 0.05), while having no effect in males. An additive effect of E and GHRH on PRL mRNA levels was seen only in males. The E induced rise in PRL mRNA levels was completely inhibited by SS in females, but only partially so in males (two-way ANOVA: P < 0.001). IGF-I inhibited the E induced rise in PRL and lactotroph Pit-1 mRNA levels only in females. These results suggest that sex steroids modulate the pituitary's response to hypothalamic and circulating factors differently in males and females and that this may play a role in generating the sexually dimorphic patterns of pituitary hormone secretion.
Chowen
J A
JA
Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
González-Parra
S
S
García-Segura
L M
LM
Argente
J
J
D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D013196:Dihydrotestosterone / Q000494:pharmacology; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D010903:Pituitary Gland, Anterior / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D011388:Prolactin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013739:Testosterone / Q000494:pharmacology; D050817:Transcription Factor Pit-1; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics
D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; C494186:Pou1f1 protein, rat; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D050817:Transcription Factor Pit-1; D014157:Transcription Factors; D013196:Dihydrotestosterone; D013739:Testosterone; D004958:Estradiol; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D011388:Prolactin; D013006:Growth Hormone