A comparison of left ventricular performance indices measured by transesophageal echocardiography with automated border detection.
BACKGROUND
Automated border detection (ABD) allows semiautomated measurement of left ventricular (LV) areas. They can be combined with left ventricular pressure signals to generate pressure-area loops and pressure-dimension indices of contractility. This study compared conventional indices of ventricular performance (fractional area change [FAC] and circumferential fiber shortening [Vcfc]) with pressure-dimension indices of contractility. A secondary aim was to compare the effects of volatile anesthetics on the indices.


METHODS
Using transesophageal echocardiography with automated border detection, FAC and Vcfc were obtained in 23 patients after cardiopulmonary bypass. Left ventricular pressures were obtained with a left ventricular catheter. Preload reduction by inferior vena caval occlusion was used to obtain end-systolic elastance (Ees), preload recruitable stroke force (PRSF), and dP/dtmax x EDA(-1) (EDA = end-diastolic area). In 11 patients, the measurements were repeated at 1 end-tidal minimum alveolar concentration of halothane or isoflurane. The results are expressed as mean +/- SD.


RESULTS
After cardiopulmonary bypass, FAC was 31.1+/-7.9%, Vcfc was 0.6+/-0.2 circ x s(-1), Ees was 25.8+/-11.6 mmHg x cm(-2), PRSF was 60.8+/-26.6 mmHg, and dP/dtmax x EDA(-1) was 245+/-123.4 mmHg x s(-1) x cm(-2). At 1 minimum alveolar concentration of a volatile anesthetic agent, FAC, Vcfc, and dP/dtmax x EDA(-1) remained unchanged. Significant decreases in Ees (19%) and PRSF (28%) were observed.


CONCLUSIONS
The association between pressure-dimension indices and Vcfc or FAC was weak or nonexistent. A reduction in myocardial contractility induced by the administration of volatile anesthetic agents was detected by Ees and PRSF, but not by FAC, Vcfc, or dP/dtmax x EDA(-1). After myocardial revascularization, Ees and PRSF appear more sensitive than FAC or Vcfc for measuring changes in contractility.
Declerck
C
C
Department of Anesthesiology, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10025, USA.
Hillel
Z
Z
Shih
H
H
Kuroda
M
M
Connery
C P
CP
Thys
D M
DM
D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000494:pharmacology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects
D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation