High incidence of extramedullary relapse of AML after busulfan/cyclophosphamide conditioning and allogeneic stem cell transplantation.
While allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) is curative for a significant number of patients with AML, relapse of disease within the bone marrow and/or extramedullary (EM) sites following high-dose therapy continues to limit the success of this treatment. Between October 1985 and December 1996, 81 adults underwent allogeneic SCT for de novo AML at our centre. Forty-two patients remain alive and free of leukaemia with a median follow-up of 50 months. The 5-year actuarial event-free survivals (EFS) for all patients and for those undergoing SCT in CR1 or with advanced disease were 46% (95% confidence interval (CI) 34-58%), 63% (CI 46-76%), and 19% (CI 7-36%), respectively. Twenty-two patients relapsed at a median of 8 (range 1.6-54.5) months with the actuarial risk of relapse for all, CR1 and advanced disease patients being 38%, (CI 27-52%), 23% (CI 13-40%) and 68% (CI 46-88%), respectively. Ten patients relapsed at EM sites; six of these (27% of relapses) had an isolated EM relapse at a median of 31 (range 8.5-54) months. Three of the patients with isolated EM relapse survived > or =24 months following relapse and two patients remain disease-free at 29+ and 33+ months. BuCy conditioning followed by allogeneic SCT in AML results in satisfactory EFS although there is a significant risk of late isolated EM relapse.
Simpson
D R
DR
Division of Hematology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Centre, Canada.
Nevill
T J
TJ
Shepherd
J D
JD
Fung
H C
HC
Horsman
D E
DE
Nantel
S H
SH
Vickars
L M
LM
Sutherland
H J
HJ
Toze
C L
CL
Hogge
D E
DE
Klingemann
H G
HG
Naiman
S C
SC
Barnett
M J
MJ
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002066:Busulfan / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000209:etiology; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D019172:Transplantation Conditioning / Q000009:adverse effects; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D002066:Busulfan