Pressure-activated cation channel in intact rat endocardial endothelium.
OBJECTIVE
The endocardial endothelium (EE) regulates myocardial performance in response to humoral and mechanical stimuli. In vascular endothelium mechanosensitive ion channels (MSC) act as mechanosensors for hemodynamic changes. In the present study we examined whether MSC are present in intact EE of rat papillary muscle segments and characteristics of MSC are altered in experimental hypertension.


METHODS
MSC were investigated by the use of standard patch-clamp technique. For a comparative study, ion channel characteristics were determined in EE of two-kidney-one-clip rats and sham-operated controls.


RESULTS
We identified a new class of MSC with a mean conductance of 21.8 +/- 4.4 (s.d.) pS for K+ and Na+ and of 4.1 +/- 1.5 pS for Ca2+. Channel activity was initiated by positive pipette pressure and blocked by negative pipette pressure. Channel open probability (Po) was characterized by its pressure sensitivity. Po increased from 0.06 at 10 mmHg to 0.37 and 0.55 at 20 mmHg and 30 mmHg, respectively. Gadolinium (20 microM), a blocker of MSC, completely inhibited channel activity. In some experiments activation of this pressure-activated channel (PAC) was followed by the opening of a Ca2(+)-dependent non-selective cation channel (NSC). This indicates that Ca2+ influx through PAC may be sufficient to increase intracellular Ca2+ concentration and thereby to activate neighboring NSC. In renovascular hypertension (2K1C), channel density of PAC was significantly increased compared to sham-operated controls. Channel density of NSC was not changed in 2K1C compared to sham-operated controls.


CONCLUSIONS
A novel type of Ca2+ permeable MSC in intact EE of rat ventricular papillary muscle was identified, which is regulated by membrane pressure. PAC might be implicated in EE mechanotransduction by inducing an intracellular Ca2+ signal. Up-regulation of PAC density in EE from 2K1C might contribute to an altered mechanotransduction in hypertension.
Köhler
R
R
Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University Hospital Benjamin Franklin, Free University, Berlin, Germany. koe@zedat.fu-berlin.de
Distler
A
A
Hoyer
J
J
D000818:Animals; D015220:Calcium Channels; D004699:Endocardium / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007473:Ion Channels; D008465:Mechanoreceptors; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D015221:Potassium Channels; D011312:Pressure; D051381:Rats; D015222:Sodium Channels
D015220:Calcium Channels; D007473:Ion Channels; D015221:Potassium Channels; D015222:Sodium Channels