Symptoms, cognitive functioning, and adaptive skills in geriatric patients with lifelong schizophrenia: a comparison across treatment sites.
OBJECTIVE
Although many geriatric patients with schizophrenia have been referred to nursing home care, little is known about their characteristics. Across nursing home and chronic hospital settings, the authors directly assessed poor outcome geriatric patients with schizophrenia and contrasted their cognitive, symptomatic, and adaptive functioning to that of acutely admitted patients with a better outcome over the lifetime course of the illness.


METHODS
The subjects were 97 chronically hospitalized patients with schizophrenia, 37 patients with chronic schizophrenia who lived in nursing homes, and 31 acutely admitted geriatric patients with schizophrenia. These patients were rated with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, tested with a neuropsychological battery, evaluated with the Mini-Mental State examination, and rated on a scale of social and adaptive deficits, the Social Adaptive Functioning Evaluation scale.


RESULTS
Each group of patients proved discriminable from the other two: nursing home patients displayed the most severe adaptive deficits, and acutely admitted patients were the least cognitively impaired. Cognitive impairment was the strongest predictor of adaptive deficits for all three groups, and negative symptom differences among the groups were smaller than differences in cognitive impairment. Nursing home patients had the least severe positive symptoms, and the acutely ill and chronic hospital patients did not differ on positive symptoms.


CONCLUSIONS
Cognitive impairment is a predictor of both overall outcome and specific adaptive deficits. These data suggest that interventions aimed at cognitive impairment may have an impact on overall functional status. In comparison, positive symptom severity is less strongly correlated with overall adaptive outcome and is uncorrelated with specific deficits in adaptive skills.
Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine and Franklin Delano Roosevelt Veterans Administration Medical Center, Montrose, NY 10029, USA. pdharvey@compuserve.com
P D
PD
Harvey
E
E
Howanitz
M
M
Parrella
L
L
White
M
M
Davidson
R C
RC
Mohs
J
J
Hoblyn
K L
KL
Davis
D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003156:Community Mental Health Services; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006760:Hospitalization; D006778:Hospitals, Psychiatric; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009735:Nursing Homes; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012917:Social Adjustment
D014150:Antipsychotic Agents