Bacille Calmette Guérin vaccination in pre-term infants.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the efficacy of bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccine in pre-term infants.


METHODS
BCG vaccine was given to three groups of neonates: 1) 36 pre-terms born at different gestational ages (GA) vaccinated at birth, 2) 16 pre-terms vaccinated at 40 weeks post conceptional age, and 3) 20 full-terms vaccinated at birth. All of the infants were tested by purified protein derivative (PPD) 2-4 months post vaccination.


RESULTS
The mean sizes of BCG scarring and PPD tuberculin induration were largest in full-term and smallest in pre-term infants vaccinated at birth. The pre-term infants of lower GA (27-33 weeks) had non-significantly smaller BCG scar and PPD induration than the pre-terms of higher GA (34-36 weeks). The results of logistic regression analyses revealed that female infants were more likely to have a BCG scar, and both birth weight and female sex were significantly associated with a reactive PPD induration.


CONCLUSIONS
This study indicates that male pre-term infants of lower GA (<33 weeks) are less likely to develop BCG scar and a reactive PPD tuberculin test after BCG vaccination. These findings do not support routine BCG vaccination at birth of pre-term neonates of GA <33 weeks. Studies including larger groups of infants are needed to confirm these findings.
Department of Neonatal Medicine and Surgery, Mafraq Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
M R
MR
Sedaghatian
F
F
Hashem
M
M
Moshaddeque Hossain
D001500:BCG Vaccine; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000517:prevention & control*
D001500:BCG Vaccine