Genotype-phenotype analysis in late onset 21-hydroxylase deficiency in comparison to the classical forms.
OBJECTIVE
To establish the type and frequency of mutations causing late onset 21-hydroxylase deficiency and associated clinical and biochemical phenotypes and to compare these findings to those from heterozygotes and homozygotes for classical 21-hydroxylase deficiency.


METHODS
Analysis of the 21-hydroxylase genes by DNA amplification and mutation detection. Measurement of serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone following stimulation with adrenocorticotrophic hormone.


METHODS
Fifteen patients with late onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia, 18 obligate heterozygotes for classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia, 95 patients with classical 21-hydroxylase deficiency.


METHODS
17-hydroxyprogesterone following adrenal stimulation with adrenocorticotrophic hormone; frequency of 10 common mutations in the 21-hydroxylase gene.


RESULTS
Of alleles from patients with late onset CAH 46% carried V281L and 10% P30L mutations compared to 2.6% and 1.1% respectively of alleles from patients with the classical disease where the most common mutations are a splice site mutation in intron 2 (34%), deletions (25%) and I172N (15%). Serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone following Synacthen stimulation reliably differentiated the late onset patients from carriers for the classical disease, whereas there was overlap of the basal 17-hydroxyprogesterone concentration between these two conditions.


CONCLUSIONS
Normal basal serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels cannot exclude late onset CAH, although response to adrenocorticotrophic stimulation clearly distinguished this disorder from carriers of the classical disease. The frequency of mutations causing less severe enzyme deficiency was higher in the late onset patients than in a group of classical patients, although other genes or environmental pressures may determine the age of onset of disease.
Rumsby
G
G
Department of Chemical Pathology, University College London Medical School, UK. g.rumsby@ucl.ac.uk
Avey
C J
CJ
Conway
G S
GS
Honour
J W
JW
D019326:17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone / Q000097:blood; D000293:Adolescent; D000312:Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D002648:Child; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D013255:Steroid 21-Hydroxylase / Q000235:genetics*
D019326:17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D004247:DNA; D013255:Steroid 21-Hydroxylase