A multivariate sensory model in glaucoma diagnosis.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate whether the combination of two psychophysical and two electrophysiological procedures improves diagnostic validity compared with single procedures.


METHODS
In a clinical study, 73 patients with glaucoma from the University Eye Hospital in Erlangen and 122 healthy control subjects from the university staff, ranging in age from 19 to 62 years, underwent measurement of temporal contrast sensitivity using a full-field flicker test, spatiotemporal contrast sensitivity, blue-on-yellow visual evoked potential (VEP), and a black-and-white, pattern-reversal electroretinogram. Diagnostic reference criteria included applanation tonometry, optic disc morphometry, and automated perimetry. Sensitivity was determined univariately with a fixed specificity of 80% and in a multivariate approach using logistic regression analysis. The classification rate was estimated using the leaving-one-out method. The correlation with intraocular pressure, visual field defects, and optic nerve defects was determined.


RESULTS
Contrast sensitivity measurements and the blue-on-yellow pattern-onset VEP showed comparable sensitivity (85%, 84%, and 85%) with 80% specificity, and a pattern-reversal electroretinogram showed lower sensitivity (64%). The first three methods contributed independent information to a diagnostic score. This score improved sensitivity to 94%, with a specificity of 89%. All procedures moderately correlated with the neuroretinal rim area of the optic disc (r=0.32-0.46). The psychophysical tests showed a higher correlation with visual field defects (r > 0.5) than the electrophysiological tests (r < 0.3).


CONCLUSIONS
The multivariate approach substantially increased the diagnostic validity compared with single procedures. This was probably because the diagnostic procedures under investigation tested different aspects of visual function.
Martus
P
P
Department of Medical Statistics and Documentation, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
Korth
M
M
Horn
F
F
Jünemann
A
A
Wisse
M
M
Jonas
J B
JB
D000328:Adult; D015350:Contrast Sensitivity; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D004596:Electroretinography; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012684:Sensory Thresholds; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular; D058609:Visual Field Tests