Changes in cigarette smoking among adults in 35 populations in the mid-1980s. WHO MONICA Project.
OBJECTIVE
To examine changes in the prevalence of cigarette smoking in 35 study populations of the World Health Organisation's MONICA Project.


METHODS
Data from two independent, community-based surveys conducted, on average, five years apart.


METHODS
Geographically defined populations in 21 countries mainly in eastern and western Europe.


METHODS
Randomly selected men and women aged 25-64 years. Numbers of participants in each study population ranged from 586 to 2817 in each survey.


METHODS
Changes in proportions of current smokers, ex-smokers, and never-smokers by age and sex using data collected by standardised methods.


RESULTS
Among men, smoking prevalence decreased in most populations, by three to four percentage points over five years. In Beijing, however, it increased in all age groups--overall by 11 percentage points. Among women there were increases in smoking in about half the populations. The increases were mainly in the age group 35-54 years and often in those populations where smoking prevalence among women has been relatively low.


CONCLUSIONS
Smoking initiation by middle-aged women in parts of southern and eastern Europe and among men of all ages in Beijing is a matter of concern. The various public health measures that have helped to reduce smoking among men in developed countries should be vigorously extended to these other groups now at growing risk of smoking-related disease.
Department of Statistics, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
A J
AJ
Dobson
K
K
Kuulasmaa
V
V
Moltchanov
A
A
Evans
S P
SP
Fortmann
K
K
Jamrozik
S
S
Sans
J
J
Tuomilehto
D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014944:World Health Organization