Endoscopic ultrasonography.
Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is nowadays a clinically relevant technology and its findings can have a major impact on patient management. This technique is currently indicated for staging digestive cancers, assessment of submucosal tumors, diagnosis of intestinal wall infiltrative diseases, common bile-duct stones and gut neuroendocrine tumors. As far as neoplasms are concerned, EUS appears to be a reliable and safe technique, thus making the physician able to plan either an aggressive surgical treatment, or a conservative palliative therapy. This is of the utmost importance in order to optimize medical-related costs, and to make the best therapeutic decision for each individual patient. EUS is also helpful in monitoring the course of a disease, as it is simple and virtually without complications. When EUS findings are not sufficient for a complete diagnosis, it is now possible to perform an EUS-guided fine-needle biopsy, which can allow a cytological diagnosis. Finally, some therapeutic endosonography-guided procedures are being increasingly adopted, such as cystoenterostomy, celiac plexus neurolysis, cholangio-pancreatography and selective injection of botulinum toxin in the muscle layer of the lower esophageal sphincter.
Caletti
G
G
Department of Medicine and Gastroenterology, University of Bologna, Italy. caletti@med.unibo.it
Fusaroli
P
P
Bocus
P
P
D001660:Biliary Tract Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D001706:Biopsy; D019160:Endosonography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D010182:Pancreatic Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity