Influence of medium-chain and long-chain triacylglycerols on the control of food intake in men.
Hunger may be delayed and food intake reduced under metabolic conditions that spare carbohydrate oxidation, especially during oxidation of medium-chain triacylglycerols (MCTs) or monounsaturated triacylglycerols. In 12 healthy, adult, male volunteers isolated and deprived of any time cues, we compared the effects of 4 high-carbohydrate breakfasts (1670 kJ) supplemented either with a fat substitute (Sub; 70 kJ) or with 1460 kJ fat as monounsaturated long-chain triacylglycerols (LCT-U), saturated long-chain triacylglycerols (LCT-S), or MCTs. In the first session we investigated the effects of these breakfasts on the following food intake variables: hunger ratings at repeated intervals, the time until the spontaneous request for the next 2 free-choice meals, and the amount of food consumed. In a second session with fixed lunches, we studied the effects of the same breakfasts on plasma glucose, insulin, triacylglycerol, fatty acid, and beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations. The addition of any of the fats to the high-carbohydrate breakfasts did not alter hunger ratings, but significantly delayed the request for lunch compared with the low-fat breakfast. The free-choice lunch eaten after the MCT breakfast was also significantly smaller. Blood glucose and insulin concentrations were lower after the 3 fat breakfasts, followed by larger increases in glucose and enhanced insulin responses 30 min after the lunch. No differences were observed between the LCT-U and LCT-S conditions. We conclude that MCTs decreased food intake by a postabsorptive mechanism, although the exact effect of these lipids on carbohydrate oxidation will require further studies involving nutrient balance measurements.
Groupe Nutrition et Métabolisme Humain, Institut Européen des Sciences du Goût et des Comportements Alimentaires, UPR-CNRS 90-54, Dijon, France.
V
V
Van Wymelbeke
A
A
Himaya
J
J
Louis-Sylvestre
M
M
Fantino
D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D012527:Satiation / Q000187:drug effects; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000494:pharmacology*
D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D007328:Insulin; D014280:Triglycerides