[Explicit and implicit memory during inhalation and intravenous anesthesia].
OBJECTIVE
Patients rarely report memory or knowledge of surgery after general anesthesia. During apparently adequate surgical anesthesia, however, information processing of high level functions, such as language comprehension and learning, can continue unconsciously. Our objective is to assess whether different anesthetic techniques (two inhalational and two intravenous) guarantee the absence of both types of memory.


METHODS
One hundred patients were randomly assigned to receive the following anesthetic procedures: desflurane/N2O (group 1), isoflurane/N2O (group 2), fentanyl/N2O (group 3) and total intravenous anesthesia (group 4). A cassette with the same music was played in all cases, and an order requiring a nonverbal response was given to 15 randomly chosen patients in each group. Response was evaluated at a visit 24 to 48 hours after surgery. Fifteen patients, therefore, constituted the study group for each anesthetic procedure, and 10 patients formed the control group. We assessed the presence of explicit memory in a structured interview, and implicit memory by way of the relation between the number of times the nonverbal order was obeyed and the time of the interview.


RESULTS
Explicit memory was absent in all patients. The presence of implicit memory was confirmed, however, in the isoflurane (p = 0.02) group. Significant differences between the isoflurane group and both the desflurane and total intravenous anesthesia groups (p = 0.03) were found.


CONCLUSIONS
Explicit memory was absent with all four anesthetic techniques used in our study. Implicit memory was more difficult to inhibit, however, with isoflurane/N2O.
Echevarría
M
M
Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital de Valme, Sevilla.
Caba
F
F
Rodríguez
J
J
Olmedo
L
L
Avila
C
C
Vázquez
T
T
Bernal
L
L
Sánchez
J
J
Pallarés
J A
JA
Rodríguez
R
R
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous; D000077335:Desflurane; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl; D006801:Humans; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D011939:Mental Recall; D008875:Middle Aged; D011184:Postoperative Period
D000077335:Desflurane; D007530:Isoflurane; D005283:Fentanyl