title: The effect of tumor necrosis factor binding protein and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist on the development of abdominal aortic aneurysms in a rat model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin 1 (IL-1), and matrix metalloproteases have been noted to be elevated in human abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) as compared with normal and occlusive aortic disease. Because TNF and IL-1 have been shown to cause release of proteases that weaken the aortic matrix, it has been suggested that these cytokines may play a central role in the aortic dilatation process. To substantiate this hypothesis, we investigated the effects of TNF and IL-1 antagonists, tumor necrosis factor binding protein (TNF-BP) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), on the development of AAAs in a well-described rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Isolated segments of infrarenal aorta of 16 rats were perfused with porcine elastase. In the treated group, eight rats were given intravenous TNF-BP prior to elastase perfusion, at 48 hours and at 96 hours. In the control group, eight rats were given only intravenous vehicle at the same time intervals. Isolated segments of infrarenal aorta of an additional 16 rats were perfused with porcine elastase in a similar fashion. In the treated group, eight rats were given intraperitoneal IL-1RA prior to celiotomy and every eight hours. In the control group, eight rats were given only intraperitoneal vehicle at the same time intervals. On the sixth postoperative day, all rats underwent celiotomy and measurement of the infrarenal aortic diameter with a micrometer while the animal was alive. Aortic specimens were collected on day six for hematoxylin and eosin staining, trichrome staining, and gel polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) zymography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TNF-BP was completely able to block post elastase dilation, whereas IL-1Ra seemed to have no effect. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and trichrome staining revealed that animals treated with TNF-BP had less of an inflammatory response and preservation of the elastin and smooth muscles in the media of the aortic wall as compared with animals treated with IL-1RA or vehicle. Zymography was not able to detect significant protease activity in the aortic wall of any of the rats at six days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TNF-BP, but not IL-1RA, may inhibit the development of AAAs in this model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hingorani
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ascher
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scheinman
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yorkovich
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: DePippo
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Ladoulis
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Salles-Cunha
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D008297:Male; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000032:analysis; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D053319:Tumor Necrosis Factor Decoy Receptors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D053319:Tumor Necrosis Factor Decoy Receptors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C069521:recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-binding protein-1; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases