title: Anesthesia for pediatric herniorrhaphy or hydrocelectomy: comparison of propofol/ketamine and thiopentone/halothane.
abstract: Total intravenous anesthesia has recently become available for ambulatory surgery. It has the advantages of decreased air contamination from volatile anesthetics and decreased exposure of operating room personnel to volatile anesthetics. The purpose of this study was to compare the anesthetic properties of propofol/ketamine (total intravenous) anesthesia and thiopentone/halothane (intravenous and gaseous) anesthesia for herniorrhaphy or hydrocelectomy in children. Sixty children aged 2 to 7 years scheduled for herniorrhaphy or hydrocelectomy were allocated to two groups. The propofol/ketamine group (group 1) received a loading dose of intravenous propofol 3 mg/kg followed by propofol infusion 200 micrograms/kg/minute; additional bolus doses of propofol 1 mg/kg were given as needed or the infusion dose was increased or decreased by 33 micrograms/kg/minute as needed. Ketamine 1 mg/kg was administered intravenously 2 to 3 minutes before herniorrhaphy or hydrocelectomy to reinforce the analgesic and anesthetic effects of propofol. The thiopentone/halothane group (group 2) received intravenous thiopentone 6 mg/kg followed by halothane with 40% oxygen using a mask. Group 2 patients maintained spontaneous breathing with intermittent assistance and group 1 patients maintained spontaneous natural airway breathing during anesthesia. The scores on the postoperative assessment scale were higher in group 2 patients, indicating poorer anesthesia recovery characteristics, but the differences were not significant. Pain on injection was more frequent in group 1 (12/32) than in group 2 (2/28). The incidence of vomiting in group 2 (6/28) was significantly higher than in group 1 (0/32). We conclude that propofol/ketamine allows patients to maintain spontaneous natural airway breathing during anesthesia, and its analgesic and anesthetic effects are comparable to those of thiopentone/halothane. Propofol/ketamine is appropriate for pediatric herniorrhaphy and hydrocelectomy. It can be recommended for pediatric ambulatory surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Medical College, Taiwan.
authors.forename: K I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: T I
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Z F
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Tseng
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006221:Halothane / Q000008:administration & dosage; D059685:Herniorrhaphy; D006801:Humans; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006848:Testicular Hydrocele / Q000601:surgery*; D013874:Thiopental / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D007649:Ketamine; D013874:Thiopental; D010100:Oxygen; D006221:Halothane; D015742:Propofol