title: beta-adrenergic receptor-induced activation of nerve growth factor gene transcription in rat cerebral cortex involves CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein delta.
abstract: Stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors (BAR) by clenbuterol (CLE) increases nerve growth factor (NGF) biosynthesis in the rat cerebral cortex but not in other regions of the brain. We have explored the transcription mechanisms that may account for the cortex-specific activation of the NGF gene. Although the NGF promoter contains an AP-1 element, AP-1-binding activity in the cerebral cortex was not induced by CLE, suggesting that other transcription factors govern the brain area-specific induction of NGF. Because BAR activation increases cAMP levels, we examined the role of CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBP), some of which are known to be cAMP-inducible. In C6-2B glioma cells, whose NGF expression is induced by BAR agonists, (i) CLE increased C/EBPdelta-binding activity, (ii) NGF mRNA levels were increased by overexpressing C/EBPdelta, and (iii) C/EBPdelta increased the activity of an NGF promoter-reporter construct. Moreover, DNase footprinting and deletion analyses identified a C/EBPdelta site in the proximal region of the NGF promoter. C/EBPdelta appears to be responsible for the BAR-mediated activation of the NGF gene in vivo, since CLE elicited a time-dependent increase in C/EBPdelta-binding activity in the cerebral cortex only. Our data suggest that, while AP-1 may regulate basal levels of NGF expression, C/EBPdelta is a critical component determining the area-specific expression of NGF in response to BAR stimulation.
authors.affiliation: Eukaryotic Transcriptional Regulation Group, Advanced BioScience Laboratories-Basic Research Program, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Colangelo
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mocchetti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051743:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-delta; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D016716:PC12 Cells; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / Q000502:physiology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; C497254:Cebpd protein, rat; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051743:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-delta