1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 upregulates functional CXCR4 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 coreceptors in U937 minus clones: NF-kappaB-independent enhancement of viral replication.
U937 cell clones which sustain efficient or poor replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) (referred to herein as plus clones and minus clones, respectively) have been previously described. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (vitamin D3) potently induced HIV-1 replication and proviral DNA accumulation in minus clones but not in plus clones. Vitamin D3 did not induce NF-kappaB activation but selectively upregulated CXCR4 expression in minus clones. The CXCR4 ligand stromal-cell derived factor-1 induced Ca2+ fluxes and inhibited both constitutive and vitamin D3-enhanced HIV replication in minus clones.
Biswas
P
P
AIDS Immunopathogenesis Unit, DIBIT, Milan, Italy. biswas.priscilla@hsr.it
Mengozzi
M
M
Mantelli
B
B
Delfanti
F
F
Brambilla
A
A
Vicenzi
E
E
Poli
G
G
D001483:Base Sequence; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002999:Clone Cells; D017931:DNA Primers; D004279:DNA, Viral; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000378:metabolism*; D014779:Virus Replication
D017931:DNA Primers; D004279:DNA, Viral; D016328:NF-kappa B; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D002117:Calcitriol