title: Histological evaluation of the effects of electropermeabilization after administration of bleomycin on bladder cancer in the rat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to examine the usefulness of an electropermeabilization method in the administration of a chemotherapeutic agent in bladder cancer in the rat.
  
  
  METHODS
  N-Butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine was used to induce bladder tumors in Wistar rats. Rats in group 1 were given a sham treatment. Rats in group 2 received an injection of bleomycin (BLM). Rats in group 3 received a series of eight 100- micros square-wave pulses at an electric field intensity of 1,000 V/cm (electropermeabilization) applied to the bladder. Rats in group 4 were treated with square-wave pulses after the injection of BLM. Nine days after the various treatments, all the bladders were removed and examined histopathologically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histopathological examination revealed severe damage to tumors in group 4 exclusively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cytotoxic effect of BLM on bladder cancer tissue was enhanced by electropermeabilization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan. ykubota@med.id.yamagata-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakada
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yanai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sasagawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001761:Bleomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002085:Butylhydroxybutylnitrosamine; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D001761:Bleomycin; D002085:Butylhydroxybutylnitrosamine