title: Gender matching and outcome after pediatric liver transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gender is not a selection criterion for orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), and reports in adults have shown a less favorable outcome for male recipients of female organs; the only pediatric study did not support this finding. The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of donor and recipient gender on graft and patient survival rates after pediatric OLT.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have reviewed retrospectively 137 children (male=63; median age: 3.4 years; range: 14 days to 15 years) undergoing primary OLT from January 1991 to June 1996. These children were divided into donor-recipient gender match (M; n=64) and nonmatch (NM; n=73) groups and then classified into female to female (FF; n=30), female to male (FM; n=29), male to female (MF; n=44), and male to male (MM; n=34) subgroups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The M group had better graft and patient survival rates at both 1- and 5-year follow-up compared with the NM group (P<0.01). Graft and patient survival rates were different among gender subgroups (P<0.04). Graft and patient survival rates in the FM group were poorer than in the MM subgroup at both 1 and 5 years (P<0.03, P<0.01). The FM group had a higher incidence of early complications than the MM (P<0.01) group, with 50% and 33% of graft losses, respectively, related to the complications. To minimize the influence of hormonal factors, we have analyzed separately the patients younger than 12 and 10 years who had similar findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Graft and patient survival rates after pediatric OLT are worse in gender mismatch groups, particularly for male recipients of female organs. Early complications play a role in the decreased survival rates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Health, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Francavilla
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hadzic
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Heaton
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rela
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dhawan
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mieli-Vergani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001788:Blood Grouping and Crossmatching; D001824:Body Constitution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D018579:Patient Selection; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012723:Sex; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome