title: Auditory neuropathy in childhood.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Auditory neuropathy is a recently described disorder in which patients demonstrate hearing loss for pure tones, impaired word discrimination out of proportion to pure tone loss, absent or abnormal auditory brainstem responses, and normal outer hair cell function as measured by otoacoustic emissions and cochlear microphonics. We have identified eight pediatric patients having hearing deficits that are most likely due to a neuropathy of the eighth nerve. In this study, the results of audiologic testing performed with these eight children are described.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of audiologic findings in eight children with auditory neuropathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Each subject was tested with pure tone and speech audiologic testing, auditory brainstem response, and click-evoked otoacoustic emissions. Results of these tests were tabulated and summarized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pure tone audiologic testing revealed five children with upsloping sensorineural hearing loss, two with high frequency loss, and one with a mild, flat configuration. Six children demonstrated poor word discrimination scores, and the other two had fair to good word discrimination. All eight subjects had normal distortion product and transient otoacoustic emissions. All eight children demonstrated absent or marked abnormalities of brainstem auditory evoked potentials. These findings suggest that while cochlear outer hair cell function is normal, the lesion is located at the eighth nerve.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recent advances in otoacoustic emissions testing permit differentiation of neural deafness from sensory deafness. This paper describes the clinical presentation and audiologic findings in pediatric auditory neuropathy, as well as the recommended management of these patients. Otolaryngologists should be aware of this disorder and implications for its management, which differs from treatment of sensorineural hearing loss.
authors.affiliation: University of California Irvine, 92717, USA.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Doyle
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sininger
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Starr
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001301:Audiometry, Pure-Tone / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003051:Cochlea / Q000503:physiopathology; D016057:Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem; D005260:Female; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013063:Speech Discrimination Tests