title: Multidirectional observations of the larynx using transurethral rigid endoscopes during direct laryngoscopy.
abstract: Microscopic direct laryngoscopy (microlaryngoscopy) under general anaesthesia is the optimal method of observing the larynx. However, as microlaryngoscopy does not allow precise observations of the ventricle, inferior surface of the vocal fold and subglottis, multidirectional observations of the larynx using transurethral rigid endoscopes were performed during direct laryngoscopy. This endoscopic technique has been shown to be clinically useful in the diagnosis and treatment of laryngeal lesions. The equipment and methods are introduced herein, and a representative care is presented.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Tokyo Metropolitan Ohtsuka Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawaida
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kohno
mesh_terms: D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation; D005931:Glottis; D006801:Humans; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D020704:Laryngoscopes; D007828:Laryngoscopy / Q000379:methods; D014521:Urethra; D014572:Urology / Q000295:instrumentation; D014743:Videotape Recording