title: Opioid withdrawal in neonates after continuous infusions of morphine or fentanyl during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Complications of opioid analgesia include tolerance and withdrawal.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of morphine and fentanyl on the prevalence of withdrawal after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two groups of neonates were compared during and after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a prospective group receiving a continuous infusion of morphine for analgesia and sedation and a retrospective group who had received a continuous infusion of fentanyl.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neonates receiving morphine required significantly less supplemental analgesia (P < .001) than did neonates who had received fentanyl and had a significantly lower prevalence of withdrawal after the therapy (P = .01). Neonates receiving morphine were discharged from the hospital a mean of 9.6 days sooner (P = .01) than neonates who had received fentanyl.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Morphine may offer marked advantages over fentanyl for providing continuous analgesia and sedation in neonates.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Franck
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vilardi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Durand
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Powers
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015199:Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D009020:Morphine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009730:Nursing Assessment; D009737:Nursing Records; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000209:etiology* / Q000451:nursing
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D009020:Morphine; D005283:Fentanyl