title: Cardiovascular responses to microinjections of glutamate into the nucleus tractus solitarii of unanesthetized supracollicular decerebrate rats.
abstract: In anesthetized rats, microinjections of excitatory amino acids (EAAs) into the nucleus tractus solitarii (nTS), in a region located immediately rostral to the calamus scriptorius (CS), have been generally reported to elicit depressor and bradycardic responses. On the other hand, in conscious freely moving rats, similar microinjections have been reported to elicit pressor and bradycardic responses. These divergent results have been attributed to the effect of anesthetics. A reinvestigation of the effects of EAAs into the nTS in unanesthetized animals became necessary in order to resolve this controversy. The microinjection technique used in freely moving conscious rats suffers from several technical limitations; for example, microinjections cannot be delivered stereotaxically. In order to avoid these limitations, the present experiments were carried out in unanesthetized supracollicular decerebrate rats. A systematic mapping of nTS in these rats, using microinjections of the solutions of EAAs in artificial cerebrospinal (aCSF) fluid, confirmed that depressor and bradycardic responses are elicited from all the sites in the nTS extending from the CS to a level about 1 mm rostral to it. Pressor responses were elicited by microinjections of l-glutamate (l-Glu) only from the chemoreceptor projection site (a region of the commissural subnucleus, 0.1-0.5 mm caudal to the CS, 0-0.5 mm lateral to the midline and 0.4-0.5 mm deep from the medullary surface). The pressor responses elicited from the aforementioned site were accompanied with bradycardia; this response may be due to diffusion of l-Glu to the dorsal motor nucleus of vagus because the bradycardia disappeared when the depth of the microinjection was reduced to 0.3, instead of 0.5 mm, from the dorsal medullary surface. When urethane was administered intravenously in unanesthetized decerebrate rats, the responses to microinjections of l-Glu remained unchanged, i.e., depressor and bradycardic responses were elicited from all the sites in the nTS extending from the CS to a level about 1 mm rostral to it and pressor and tachycardic responses were elicited from the chemoreceptor projection site. These observations indicated that there is no anesthetic-induced qualitative alteration of the cardiovascular responses to microinjections of EAAs into the nTS.
authors.affiliation: Section of Neurological Surgery, MSB H-586, New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave., Newark, NJ 07103-2757, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dhruva
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bhatnagar
authors.forename: H N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Sapru
mesh_terms: D019412:Anatomy, Cross-Sectional; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000187:drug effects*; D003655:Decerebrate State / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008845:Microinjections; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017552:Solitary Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D013477:Superior Colliculi / Q000601:surgery; D014520:Urethane / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D014520:Urethane; D018698:Glutamic Acid