title: Calorimetric study of mutant human lysozymes with partially introduced Ca2+ binding sites and its efficient refolding system from inclusion bodies.
abstract: During the process of evolution, ancestral lysozymes evolved into calcium-binding lysozymes by acquiring three critical aspartate residues at positions 86, 91 and 92. To investigate the process of the acquisition of calcium-binding ability, two of the aspartates were partially introduced into human lysozyme at positions 86, 91 and 92. These mutants (HLQ86D, HLA92D and HLQ86D/D91Q/A92D), having two critical aspartates in calcium-binding sites, were expressed in Escherichia coli as non-active inclusion bodies. For the preparation of lysozyme samples, a refolding system using thioredoxin was established. This system allowed for effective refolding of wild-type and mutant lysozymes, and 100% of activity was recovered within 4 days. The calcium ion dependence of the melting temperature (Tm) of wild-type and mutant lysozymes was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry at pH 4.5. The Tm values of wild-type, HLQ86D and HLA92D mutants were not dependent on calcium ion concentration. However, the Tm of HLQ86D/D91Q/A92D was 4 degrees higher in the presence of 50 mM CaCl2 than in its absence, and the calcium-binding constant of this mutant was estimated to be 2.25(+/-0.25)x10(2) M(-1) at pH 4.5. Moreover, the calcium-binding ability of this mutant was confirmed by the result using Sephadex G-25 gel chromatography. These results indicate that it is indispensable to have at least two aspartates at positions 86 and 92 for acquisition of calcium-binding ability. The process of the acquisition of calcium-binding site during evolution of calcium-binding lysozyme is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koshiba
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsumoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Masaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawano
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nitta
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kumagai
mesh_terms: D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D001665:Binding Sites; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning / Q000379:methods*; D002850:Chromatography, Gel / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D002479:Inclusion Bodies / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D009113:Muramidase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D011487:Protein Conformation; D017510:Protein Folding; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D009113:Muramidase; D002118:Calcium