title: Are the brains of monozygotic twins similar? A three-dimensional MR study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The role of genetic mechanisms and the influence of environmental events in human brain development have been difficult to evaluate. The purpose of this study was to compare the cerebral cortical morphology and midline structures of monozygotic twin pairs using MR imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six observers, blinded to twin pairings, evaluated the 3-D renderings of the cortical surface and midline structures from MR images of seven monozygotic twin pairs. A morphometric analysis of the corpus callosum and of the distance between the anterior and posterior commissures was also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Despite surprising anatomic differences, the brains of the twin pairs were similar enough to enable the observers to distinguish twin pairs from unrelated subjects. Five of six observers correctly identified the brains of all seven twin pairs; the remaining observer failed to make a correct match in only one of seven pairs. Three of six observers identified the midline sagittal images of the related twins in all seven pairs, and the other three identified the related midline sagittal images in five of seven pairs. The results were statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the observed differences in morphologic characteristics between twins necessarily reflect nongenetic influences, the cortical patterns and midline structures of monozygotic twins probably are genetically similar.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroradiology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, University Paris VI, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Biondi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nogueira
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dormont
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Duyme
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hasboun
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zouaoui
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chantôme
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marsault
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000254:growth & development; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D003337:Corpus Callosum / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012737:Sex Factors; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014430:Twins, Monozygotic / Q000235:genetics