title: Characterization of bradykinin-related peptides generated in the plasma of six sarcopterygian species (African lungfish, amphiuma, coachwhip, bullsnake, gila monster, and Gray's monitor).
abstract: Incubation of heat-denatured plasma from six species occupying different evolutionary positions within the Sarcopterygian lineage [the dipnoan, Protopterus annectens (African lungfish); the urodele, Amphiuma tridactylum (three-toed amphiuma); the colubrid snakes, Pituophis melanoleucus sayi (bullsnake) and Masticophis flagellum (coachwhip); and the lizards Heloderma suspectum (Gila monster) and Varanus Grayi (Gray's monitor)] with trypsin generated bradykinin-related peptides that were detected by radioimmunoassay using an antiserum raised against mammalian bradykinin (BK). The peptides were purified by HPLC and their primary structures were established as lungfish [Tyr1,Gly2,Ala7,Pro8]BK, amphiuma [Phe1,Ile2, Leu5]BK, bullsnake and coachwhip [Val1,Thr6]BK, Gila monster [Leu2, Thr6]BK, and Gray's monitor [Thr6]BK. Monitor BK is identical to the peptide generated in turtle and alligator plasma and coachwhip/bullsnake BK shows one amino acid substitution (Ala1 --> Val) compared with the peptide generated in the plasma of the python. The data provide further evidence for the widespread occurrence of a kallikrein-kininogen system in nonmammalian vertebrates but indicate that the primary structure of BK has been poorly conserved during evolution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, 68178, USA.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Secor
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Lance
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Masini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vallarino
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Conlon
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000097:blood*; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D017812:Colubridae / Q000097:blood*; D005399:Fishes / Q000097:blood*; D008116:Lizards / Q000097:blood*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D013045:Species Specificity; D014357:Trypsin / Q000378:metabolism; D014562:Caudata / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D010446:Peptide Fragments; D014357:Trypsin; D001920:Bradykinin