title: The B-cell transmembrane protein CD72 binds to and is an in vivo substrate of the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Signals from the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) help to determine B-cell fate, directing either proliferation, differentiation, or growth arrest/apoptosis. The protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 is known to regulate the strength of BCR signaling. Although the B-cell co-receptor CD22 binds SHP-1, B cells in CD22-deficient mice are much less severely affected than those in SHP-1-deficient mice, suggesting that SHP-1 may also regulate B-cell signaling by affecting other signaling molecules. Moreover, direct substrates of SHP-1 have not been identified in any B-cell signaling pathway.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified the B-cell transmembrane protein CD72 as a new SHP-1 binding protein and as an in vivo substrate of SHP-1 in B cells. We also defined the binding sites for SHP-1 and the adaptor protein Grb2 on CD72. Tyrosine phosphorylation of CD72 correlated strongly with BCR-induced growth arrest/apoptosis in B-cell lines and in primary B cells. Preligation of CD72 attenuated BCR-induced growth arrest/death signals in immature and mature B cells or B-cell lines, whereas preligation of CD22 enhanced BCR-induced growth arrest/apoptosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have identified CD72 as the first clear in vivo substrate of SHP-1 in B cells. Our results suggest that tyrosine-phosphorylated CD72 may transmit signals for BCR-induced apoptosis. By dephosphorylation CD72. SHP-1 may have a positive role in B-cell signaling. These results have potentially important implications for the involvement of CD72 and SHP-1 in B-cell development and autoimmunity.
authors.affiliation: Program in Molecular Biology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Nadler
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Gish
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Timms
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fusaki
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jongstra-Bilen
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pawson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wither
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Neel
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hozumi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism*; D000944:Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte / Q000378:metabolism*; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D002455:Cell Division; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010766:Phosphorylation; D019000:Phosphotyrosine; D054592:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11; D053824:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011947:Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell / Q000502:physiology*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D054593:SH2 Domain-Containing Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D014162:Transfection; D018909:src Homology Domains
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000944:Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte; C064228:CD72 protein, human; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D011947:Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D019000:Phosphotyrosine; C516724:PTPN11 protein, human; C509249:PTPN6 protein, human; D054592:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11; D053824:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; C516725:Ptpn11 protein, mouse; C509248:Ptpn6 protein, mouse; D054593:SH2 Domain-Containing Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases