title: Relationship among cystectomy, microvessel density and prognosis in stage T1 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The selection of therapy for stage T1 bladder cancer is controversial, and reliable biomarkers that identify patients likely to require cystectomy for local disease control have not been established. We evaluated our experience with T1 bladder cancer to determine whether early cystectomy improves prognosis, and whether microvessel density has prognostic value for T1 lesions and could be used for patient selection.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the records of 88 patients with T1 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Patient outcome was correlated with therapeutic intervention. Paraffin embedded tissue from 54 patients was available for factor VIII immunohistochemical staining for microvessel density quantification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median followup was 48 months (range 12 to 239). Of the patients 34% had no tumor recurrence. The rates of recurrence only and progression to higher stage disease were 41 and 25%, respectively. The survival of patients in whom disease progressed was diminished (p = 0.0002). Grade did not predict recurrence or progression nor did cystectomy provide a survival advantage. Microvessel density did not correlate with recurrence or progression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with T1 bladder cancer have a high risk of recurrence and progression. Tumor progression has a significant negative impact on survival. Neither grade nor early tumor recurrence predicted disease progression. Because early cystectomy did not improve patient outcome, we suggest reserving cystectomy for patients with progression or disease refractory to local therapy. Microvessel density is not a prognostic marker for T1 bladder cancer and has no value in selecting patients with T1 disease for cystectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA.
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Dinney
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Babkowski
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Antelo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Perrotte
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liebert
authors.forename: H Z
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Veltri
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Grossman
mesh_terms: D002196:Capillaries; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D015653:Cystectomy; D018450:Disease Progression; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*