title: Rectal imaging and cancer.
abstract: Rectal imaging has evolved substantially during the past 25 years and now offers surgeons exquisite anatomic detail and physiologic information. Dynamic cystoproctography, helical computed tomography, endoscopic ultrasonography, endorectal magnetic resonance imaging, and immunoscintigraphy have become standards for the diagnosis of rectal disease, staging of neoplasia, and survey of therapeutic results. The indications, limitations, and relative costs of current imaging methods are reviewed, and advances in imaging technology that promise future benefits to colorectal surgeons are introduced.
authors.affiliation: Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157-1088, USA. dvining@relito.medeng.bgsm.edu
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Vining
mesh_terms: D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012007:Rectum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging