title: Subtherapeutic corticosteroids potentiate the ability of interleukin 10 to prevent chronic inflammation in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Interleukin (IL)-10, which inhibits macrophages and T-helper lymphocyte type 1 (TH1) lymphocytes, attenuates chronic granulomatous inflammation induced by bacterial cell wall polymers. This study determines whether corticosteroids enhance the protective effects of IL-10 in cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) and in vivo when started before or after the onset of experimental chronic granulomatous inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intestines of Lewis rats were injected intramurally with streptococcal peptidoglycan-polysaccharide (PG-APS) polymers. Daily murine recombinant IL-10 and/or dexamethasone (DEX) therapy was started 12 hours before or at several intervals after PG-APS injection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-10 plus corticosteroids additively inhibited IL-1beta secretion in human PBMNCs but preserved the beneficial IL-1RA/IL-1beta ratio induced by IL-10. IL-10 started before PG-APS injection significantly attenuated intestinal and extraintestinal inflammation, with even more pronounced effects in combination with subtherapeutic doses of DEX. The combination of DEX decreased the effective dose of IL-10 by at least one half. After onset of systemic inflammation using doses effective for prevention, IL-10 monotherapy had nearly no benefit and DEX plus IL-10 was similar to the mild therapeutic effect of DEX alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of IL-10 and corticosteroids allows lower doses of both agents in preventing chronic intestinal and systemic inflammation. However, timing of IL-10 administration is a critical variable in regulating inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Center for GI Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Herfarth
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Böcker
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Janardhanam
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Sartor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004760:Enterocolitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011994:Recombinant Proteins
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007375:Interleukin-1; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016753:Interleukin-10; D003907:Dexamethasone