title: [Interstitial brachytherapy in infiltrating cancer of the bladder. The Nancy experience].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  From 1975 to 1996, 98 patients with infiltrative vesical carcinomas were treated at the Centre Alexis Vautrin by conservative surgery and interstitial brachytherapy (192lr). The mean follow-up was about eight years. From this retrospective non randomized study, we tried to determine the tolerance to this treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  There were 86 men and 12 women. The mean age was 63 years. We found three pTis tumors, 28 stage pT1 tumors, 38 stage pT2 tumors, 24 stage pT3A tumors, four stage pT3B tumors and one stage Tx tumors. The therapeutic scheme consisted of pelvic radiation therapy (3 fractions of 3,5 Gy) immediately followed by lymphadenectomy (for stage pT3 tumors) and by cystotomy or partial cystectomy during which we inserted brachytherapy plastic tubes. The delivered dose was 50 Gy for superficially infiltrative tumors and 30 Gy for deeply infiltrative tumors; at the lowest dose, the treatment ended with external beam irradiation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 5 years the control rate was 72%, the specific survival 80% and the global survival 71%. Twenty-nine patients had a local recurrence. Of these, seven underwent total cystectomy. Thirty-seven patients developed 43 complications; 35 were intravesical, 10 (28%) were estimated to be higher than grade 2 because of technical problems that led us to modify the technique.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is essential to develop close collaboration between surgeons and brachytherapists, to select patients and to use a rigorous technique. Interstitial brachytherapy for infiltrative vesical carcinomas thus yields both high local control and satisfying results in regard to patient's well-being.
authors.affiliation: Département de radiothérapie, Centre Alexis-Vautrin, Vandaeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hoffstetter
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hubert
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guillemin
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Peiffert
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marchal
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Luporsi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pernot
mesh_terms: D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D015653:Cystectomy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007496:Iridium Radioisotopes / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000601:surgery; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D007496:Iridium Radioisotopes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals