title: CCR5 chemokine receptor genotype frequencies among Puerto Rican HIV-1-seropositive individuals.
abstract: Some individuals remain uninfected by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), despite multiple sexual contacts with subjects with confirmed HIV-1 infection. Several studies have confirmed that individuals who are homozygous for a 32 base pair (bp) deletion mutation in the chemokine receptor gene CCR5, designated as delta 32/ delta 32, are protected against HIV-1 infection. Heterozygotes of the same chemokine receptor deletion mutation are, however, not protected from acquiring HIV-1 infection but seemingly have slower progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndromes (AIDS). Genotype frequencies of the delta 32 CCR5 mutation vary markedly among different ethnic groups; heterozygosity is found in approximately 15% of Caucasians, about 5-7% of Hispanics and African Americans and 1% or less of Asians. The ethnic background of Puerto Ricans is highly complex and usually includes admixture of Caucasian, Caribbean Indian and African traits to a varying extent. This study was conducted to examine the frequencies of the delta 32 CCR5 mutation among Puerto Ricans who are infected with HIV-1. Samples were received from different geographical regions of the island. Of 377 samples tested, 94.2% were wild type (non-deletion mutant) homozygotes, 5.8% were delta 32 CCR5 heterozygotes, and none were delta 32 CCR5 homozygotes. The incidence of CCR5 delta 32/w heterozygous mutation among Puerto Ricans seems to be somewhat lower than what was reported with US Hispanics. Some age and gender associated bias of the mutation frequency were observed with the study population, the reason for which is unclear at present.
authors.affiliation: Ponce School of Medicine AIDS Research Program, PR 00732.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tirado
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Revuelta
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: V R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Nerurkar
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yanagihara
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000235:genetics*; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011647:Puerto Rico; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000235:genetics*; D017384:Sequence Deletion
chemical_list: D019713:Receptors, CCR5