Changing epidemiology of congenital rubella syndrome in the United States.
To describe clinical presentation and epidemiology of US infants with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) and to identify missed opportunities for maternal vaccination, data from CRS cases reported to the National Congenital Rubella Syndrome Registry (NCRSR) from 1985 through 1996 were analyzed. Missed opportunities for maternal vaccination were defined as missed postpartum, premarital, and occupational opportunities, that is, times when rubella vaccination is recommended but was not given. From 1985 through 1996, 122 CRS cases were reported to the NCRSR. The most frequent CRS-related defect was congenital heart disease. Of the reported infants with CRS, 44% were Hispanic. Of 121 known missed opportunities for rubella vaccination among 94 mothers of infants with indigenous CRS, 98 (81%) were missed postpartum opportunities. CRS continues to occur in the United States. Hispanic infants have an increased risk of CRS. Missed opportunities for postpartum rubella vaccination were identified for 52% of indigenous CRS cases.
Schluter
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Epidemiology Program Office and Epidemiology and Surveillance Division, National Immunization Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
Reef
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Redd
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Dykewicz
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D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D012042:Registries; D012410:Rubella Syndrome, Congenital / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014611:Vaccination