title: Racial and ethnic variations in the prevalence of orofacial clefts in California, 1983-1992.
abstract: To investigate variations in the prevalence of oral cleft anomalies according to parental race and ethnicity and maternal country of birth, the authors analyzed a cohort of 2,221,755 live births and fetal deaths delivered between 1983 and 1992 to residents of California. A total of 2,329 cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL +/- P) cases and 1,475 cleft palate alone (CP) cases were identified by the California Birth Defects Monitoring Program, a population-based registry. Compared to Whites, the prevalence of CL +/- P was lower among African Americans (prevalence ratio (PR) = 0.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.45-0.69), higher among Native Americans (PR = 1.81, CI = 1.20-2.69), and the same among the Japanese (PR = 1.07, CI = 0.62-1.82) and Chinese (PR = 0.96, CI = 0.71-1.29). The risk of CL +/- P was slightly lower among the offspring of foreign-born Chinese women relative to U.S.-born Chinese women (PR = 0.71, CI = 0.33-1.57), and slightly higher among foreign-born Filipinos relative to their U.S.-born counterparts (PR = 1.37, CI = 0.57-3.53), although confidence intervals around these risk estimates were wide owing to sparse data. For CP, lower prevalences were observed among African Americans (PR = 0.72, CI = 0.58-0.91) and Hispanics (PR = 0.77, CI = 0.67-0.87) than among Whites. The risk of CP was higher among foreign-born Filipinos compared to U.S.-born Filipinos (PR = 1.52, CI = 0.58-4.33), although the confidence interval around this estimate included unity. These prevalence variations may reflect differences in both environmental and genetic factors affecting clefting risk.
authors.affiliation: March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation, California Birth Defects Monitoring Program, California Department of Health Services, Emeryville 94608-1811, USA.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Croen
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Wasserman
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Tolarová
mesh_terms: D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence