title: Liver transplant recipients are not at increased risk for nonlymphoid solid organ tumors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Organ transplant recipients are at higher risk for developing lymphoid tumors, skin carcinomas, and sarcomas. Whether liver transplant recipients are at higher risk for developing more common cancers is unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients with a history of malignancy prior to liver transplantation and those who developed malignancy, either de novo or recurrent, after transplantation were identified retrospectively. The following parameters were examined: age at diagnosis; indication for transplant; interval from transplant to tumor diagnosis; tumor treatment received; predisposing factors for the development of cancer; immunosuppression regimen, including the use of OKT3; number and treatment of rejection episodes; and survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 888 patients, 29 (3.2%) had 31 previous malignancies; of these 29 patients, 4 developed a recurrence in the posttransplant period. Thirty-nine patients (4.3%) developed 43 de novo nonlymphoid malignancies. Alcoholic cirrhotic patients had a significantly higher incidence of de novo carcinomas. Except for skin carcinomas, tumors did not occur with greater frequency than in the general population, and recurrent tumors were not more aggressive than reported for that disease. One patient had an unrecognized renal cell carcinoma at the time of transplant that progressed rapidly; this patient died 64 days after transplantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With current immunosuppressive regimens, liver transplant patients do not appear to be at an increased risk for developing nonlymphoid solid organ tumors. However, longer follow-up will be necessary to confirm these results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Emre
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Guy
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Sheiner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000209:etiology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine