title: [Approach to upper limb edema secondary to subclavian vein occlusion situated distal to an arteriovenous fistula].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyse the course of upper limb edema in patients with an arteriovenous fistula used for dialysis and to analyse the available therapeutic options.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study of patients with this type of edema, who were treated in our institution from 1992 to 1996.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven consecutive patients with an arterioveinous fistula treated for edema of the upper extremity, were reviewed. The fistula was created at the elbow in 6 patients and at the forearm in 1. The edema appeared immediately after operation in 4 patients and after a delay in 3 patients. Stenosis (3 patients) or occlusion (2 patients) of the subclavian vein was documented in 5 patients who were investigated by angiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The edema regressed spontaneously in 4 patients because collaterals developed in 3 patients, and the fistula thrombosed in 1 patient. Surgical intervention allowed regression of the edema in the other 3 patients: excessive output of the fistula was reduced in 2 patients and an axillojugular bypass was performed in 1 patient. The fistula remained effective in 6 patients. Another fistula was performed on the contralateral arm in 1 patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Non-operative management is recommended in patients who develop edema immediately after creation of the fistula, because spontaneous regression is likely. Measures aimed at reducing the output of the fistula or enhancing the venous capacities of the arm are required when edema appears at a later stage. The fistula can be saved in the majority of cases.
authors.affiliation: Service de Chirurgie, Hôpital Cantonal Universitaire, Genève, Suisse.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Prêtre
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Delay
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bonada
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Murith
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001132:Arm; D001166:Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003097:Collateral Circulation; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D004487:Edema / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011859:Radiography; D012075:Remission, Spontaneous; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D013350:Subclavian Vein; D016019:Survival Analysis