Do not resuscitate: an ethical dilemma for the decision-maker.
Since its introduction in the 1960s, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) has been universally available to all hospital patients unless the consultant in charge has specified a 'do not resuscitate' (DNR) order. The public perception of CPR has tended to be one of overoptimism, but this is not matched by the low survival to discharge ratio of approximately 1:10. In addition, there is the risk of prolonging suffering, compared with the quick and relatively painfree alternative offered by cardiac arrest. Decisions about resuscitation pose many ethical dilemmas for those involved and should take into consideration the patient's wishes, prognosis and quality of life.
Birtwistle
J
J
University of Southampton, Department of Psychiatry, Royal South Hants Hospital.
Nielsen
A
A
D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; D003657:Decision Making; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D011788:Quality of Life; D016414:Resuscitation Orders; D013534:Survival