title: Quantification of aqueous melanin granules in primary pigment dispersion syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Aqueous melanin granules are essential in the pathogenesis of pigment dispersion syndrome and pigmentary glaucoma. We quantified aqueous melanin granules with the laser flare-cell meter in patients with pigment dispersion syndrome, assessed the measurement reproducibility, and correlated the numbers with clinical findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Aqueous melanin granules were counted by means of the cell count mode of the laser flare-cell meter (KOWA FC-1000; Kowa, Tokyo, Japan) in 42 eyes of 21 patients with primary pigment dispersion syndrome under three conditions (undilated pupils, dilated pupils, after exercise). The reproducibility of the measurements was determined with the intraclass correlation coefficient. A control group of 40 age- and sex-matched eyes was also examined after pupillary dilation. The results were correlated with biomicroscopic findings in eyes with pigment dispersion syndrome (retrocorneal Krukenberg spindle, iris transillumination, pigmentation of trabecular meshwork).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Numerous aqueous melanin granules were detected in eyes with pigment dispersion syndrome (mean, 2.9 +/- 3.7 granules/0.075 mm3) but only small numbers were counted in normal eyes (0.2 +/- 0.3, P < .001). Medical pupil dilation caused an additional increase of aqueous melanin granules in pigment dispersion syndrome (6.3 +/- 5.3, P < .001), but not undilated exercise (climbing stairs) (2.9 +/- 3.7, P > .5). The reproducibility of the measurements was very high (intraclass coefficient >0.92). The number of melanin granules correlated with the degree of Krukenberg spindle (r = .61, P = .004) and with iris transillumination (r = .69, P = .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Quantification of aqueous melanin granules yields reproducible results and shows increased numbers in pigment dispersion syndrome, especially after pupillary dilation. Aqueous melanin granule quantification may be useful for evaluating eyes with pigment dispersion syndrome and for assessing treatment effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and University Eye Hospital, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany. michael.kuechle@augen.med.uni-erlangen.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Küchle
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Mardin
authors.forename: N X
authors.initials: NX
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martus
authors.forename: G O
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Naumann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000378:metabolism*; D017889:Exfoliation Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008543:Melanins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009798:Ocular Hypertension / Q000378:metabolism*; D009885:Ophthalmology / Q000295:instrumentation; D011680:Pupil; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D008543:Melanins