title: Clinical significance of serum and urine prolactin levels in lupus glomerulonephritis.
abstract: Prolactin (PRL) has been involved in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and hyperprolactinemia has been connected with systemic activity. However, the clinical significance of PRL has not been investigated in lupus glomerulonephritis (GN).
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied SLE patients (ACR criteria) with biopsy-proven renal disease. Renal histology was classified according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Renal function tests, albuminuria, complement levels (nephelometry), anti-DNA antibodies (C. luciliae) and serum and urine PRL concentrations (RIA) were determined at baseline and at 4-month intervals for one year. Renal activity was defined as mild, moderate or severe according to serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, albuminuria, red blood cells (RBC), and casts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 26 patients with mean age 28.5 y and mean disease duration 47.9 months. Twenty patients had diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (GN), four had focal GN and two had membranous GN with proliferative changes. Renal activity was mild in ten patients, moderate in ten and severe in six. Mean serum (24.7+/-5.3) and urine (0.90+/-0.36) PRL levels were higher in patients with severe renal activity (P < 0.05 compared with mild group). PRL levels decreased after treatment, but this trend was not uniform during the follow-up period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hyperprolactinemia was prevalent in SLE patients and high levels of PRL in the serum and urine could be related to severe renal disease.
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Mexico.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Prieto
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Paniagua
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Amato
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barile
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Jara
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D015415:Biomarkers; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008181:Lupus Nephritis / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D015415:Biomarkers; D011388:Prolactin