title: Nonopaque crystal deposition causing ureteric obstruction in patients with HIV undergoing indinavir therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We describe the unique CT features of ureteric calculi in six HIV-infected patients receiving indinavir, the most commonly used HIV protease inhibitor, which is associated with an increased incidence of urolithiasis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ureteric obstruction caused by precipitated indinavir crystals may be difficult to diagnose with unenhanced CT. The calculi are not opaque, and secondary signs of obstruction may be absent or minimal and should be sought carefully. Images may need to be obtained using i.v. contrast material to enable diagnosis of ureteric stones or obstruction in patients with HIV infection who receive indinavir therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Blake
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: McNicholas
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Raptopoulos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003460:Crystallization; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D019469:Indinavir / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D019469:Indinavir