title: Chlamydia trachomatis infections in female military recruits.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Asymptomatic genital Chlamydia trachomatis infections in women can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, and ectopic pregnancy. To design a chlamydia-control program, we conducted a large survey of women in the U.S. military.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 1996 through December 1997, urine samples from 13,204 new female U.S. Army recruits from 50 states were screened by ligase chain reaction for C. trachomatis infection. Information on potential risk factors was obtained by questionnaire. With multivariate analysis, we identified criteria for a screening program.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall prevalence of chlamydial infection was 9.2 percent, with a peak of 12.2 percent among the 17-year-old recruits. The prevalence was 15 percent or more among the recruits from five southern states. The following risk factors were independently associated with chlamydial infection: having ever had vaginal sex (odds ratio for infection, 5.9), being 25 years of age or less (odds ratio, 3.0), being black (odds ratio, 3.4), having had more than one sex partner in the previous 90 days (odds ratio, 1.4), having had a new partner in the previous 90 days (odds ratio, 1.3), having had a partner in the previous 90 days who did not always use condoms (odds ratio, 1.4), and having ever had a sexually transmitted disease (odds ratio, 1.2). A screening program for subjects 25 years of age or less (87.9 percent of our sample) would have identified 95.3 percent of the infected women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among female military recruits, the prevalence of chlamydial infection is high. A control program that screens female recruits who are 25 years old or younger with urine DNA-amplification assays has the potential to reduce infection, transmission, and the sequelae of chlamydial infection.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Gaydos
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Howell
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pare
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Hendrix
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Gaydos
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: McKee
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Quinn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011088:DNA Ligases; D005260:Female; D005784:Gene Amplification; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014556:Urine / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D011088:DNA Ligases