title: The association of peripheral monocyte derived interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), IL-1 receptor antagonist, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha with osteoarthritis in the elderly.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) derived interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and radiographic osteoarthritis (OA) in the elderly.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 703 subjects (436 women, 267 men, mean age 78.5+/-4.5 yrs) had both knee and hand radiographs, and cytokines were measured during the 22nd biennial examination of the Framingham Cohort. PBMC derived IL-1beta , IL-1Ra, and TNF-alpha production was assessed using a non-cross reacting polyclonal radioimmunoassay. Knee OA was defined as a score of > 2 using a modified Kellgren and Lawrence scale. The presence of osteophytes and joint space narrowing were scored separately on a 0-3 scale, in which disease was defined a priori as a score > 0 for each feature. Sex-specific odds ratios were calculated for knee OA after adjusting for weight, history of knee injury, and use of estrogen and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No uniform associations were found for IL-1beta or IL-1Ra in men, or for TNF-alpha production and radiographic OA in either sex. We found possible associations for the highest levels of IL-1beta production and the presence of knee osteophytes [OR=2.0 (1.2-3.5)] and joint space narrowing [OR=1.7 (1.1-2.8)] in women. Our data suggested a possible protective effect for IL-1Ra production and hand OA in women [OR=0.6 (0.4-1.0)].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found no consistent association of PBMC cytokine production and radiographic OA. However, women with the highest production of IL-1beta and IL-1Ra had respectively higher rates of knee OA and lower rates of hand OA than expected.
authors.affiliation: Arthritis Center, Boston University Medical Center, MA 02118, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fraenkel
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Roubenoff
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: LaValley
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: McAlindon
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chaisson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Dinarello
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Felson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D011859:Radiography; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C507763:IL1RN protein, human; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha