title: Effect of smoking cessation counseling on recovery from alcoholism: findings from a randomized community intervention trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effects of a smoking cessation program for recovering alcoholics on use of alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs after discharge from residential treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized community intervention trial design was employed in which 12 residential drug treatment centers in Iowa, Kansas and Nebraska were matched and then randomly assigned to the intervention or control condition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Approximately 50 adult residents (inpatients) from each site were followed for 12 months after treatment discharge.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participating residents in the six intervention centers received a 4-part, individually tailored, smoking cessation program while those in the six control sites received usual care.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both moderate and heavy drinking rates were reduced in the intervention group. Intervention site participants were significantly more likely than controls to report alcohol abstinence at both the 6-month (OR = 1.59, 95%CI: 1.09-2.35) and 12-month assessment (OR = 1.84, 95%CI: 1.28-2.92). Illicit drug use rates were comparable. Effect of the intervention on tobacco quit rates was not statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Counseling alcoholics in treatment to quit smoking does not jeopardize the alcohol recovery process. However, low-intensity tobacco interventions are unlikely to yield high tobacco quit rates.
authors.affiliation: University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA. yzb3@cdc.gov
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Bobo
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: McIlvain
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Lando
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leed-Kelly
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012907:Smoking; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors