title: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase in the formation of superoxide in osteoclasts.
abstract: Osteoclasts use a variety of chemical agents to degrade bone. One important component of this process is the generation of superoxide. It has been reported that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase is the enzyme responsible for superoxide production in phagocyte; however, the NADPH oxidase present in osteoclasts has not been studied in detail. One of the membrane-bound subunits of the NADPH oxidase is gp91(phox) which represents the rate-limiting component for the formation of the NADPH oxidase complex. This study was designed to demonstrate the presence of gp91(phox) in individual osteoclasts using the RT-PCR technique developed for limited numbers of cells. Compared with white cells, 1.8 times the amount of gp91(phox) mRNA was found in osteoclasts. This difference may be related to the size of the osteoclast and the multiple nuclei present. The presence of gp91(phox) in osteoclasts was confirmed at protein level by immunocytochemistry. Osteoclastic superoxide generation is inhibited by diphenylene iodonium, a specific inhibitor of the NADPH oxidase. These studies suggest that superoxide generation by osteoclasts correlates with the activity of NADPH oxidase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Ries
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Key
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D000074662:NADPH Oxidase 2; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009861:Onium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000201:enzymology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012886:Skull / Q000166:cytology; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009861:Onium Compounds; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013481:Superoxides; C007517:diphenyleneiodonium; C056558:CYBB protein, human; D000074662:NADPH Oxidase 2; D019255:NADPH Oxidases