title: Increasing breast and cervical cancer screening in low-income women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if women would have higher breast and cervical cancer screening rates if lay health advisers recommended screening and offered a convenient screening opportunity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urban county teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women aged 40 years and over attending appointments in several non-primary-care outpatient clinics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lay health advisers assessed the participants' breast and cervical cancer screening status and offered women in the intervention group who were due for screening an appointment with a female nurse practitioner.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Screening rates at baseline and at follow-up 1 year after the intervention were determined. At follow-up, the mammography rate was 69% in the intervention group versus 63% in the usual care group (p = .009), and the Pap smear rate was 70% in the intervention group versus 63% in the usual care group (p = .02). In women who were due for screening at baseline, the mammography rate was 60% in the intervention group versus 50% in the usual care group (p = .006), and the Pap smear rate was 63% in the intervention group versus 50% in the usual care group (p = .002). The intervention was effective across age and insurance payer strata, and was particularly effective in Native American women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Breast and cervical cancer screening rates were improved in women attending non-primary-care outpatient clinics by using lay health advisers and a nurse practitioner to perform screening. The effect was strongest in women in greatest need of screening.
authors.affiliation: Hennepin County Medical Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55404, USA.
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Margolis
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lurie
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: McGovern
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tyrrell
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Slater
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003152:Community Health Nursing; D003150:Community Health Workers; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008327:Mammography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000451:nursing* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D065006:Papanicolaou Test; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011203:Poverty; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014626:Vaginal Smears / Q000706:statistics & numerical data