title: [Transparent 3-D ultrasound in fetal abnormalities].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluation of three-dimensional ultrasound (3D-ultrasound) for optimal diagnosis in fetal malformations.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 3D-system used consists of a transmitter, position sensor and 3D-workstation. In 38 fetal malformations, verified using real-time two dimensional ultrasound, 101 volume scans were recorded to prove the following functional abilities of the system; (1) Sequential analysis of single images including volume estimation; (2) Simultaneous three plane display (longitudinal, transverse and horizontal planes); (3) Cubic sectional image; (4) Rotating or swinging volume block.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 85% of the cases the 3D-ultrasound clearly achieved a more reliable diagnosis in comparison to the two-dimensional images. Furthermore, the diagnostic information was considerably improved in 44% of the investigated malformations compared to the conventional two-dimensional method. The main advantages of the transparent 3D-technology are (1) Plastic global imaging of the pathological topography (fetal tumours, ureteral stenosis); (2) Exact measurement of irregular volumes (ventricle system, cerebellum); (3) Precise evaluation of fetal disproportions (triploidy, osteochondrodysplasia); (4) Detection of minor malformations. The disadvantages of the method is that all fetal movements during the scanning procedure affect adversely the three-dimensional display.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The application of 3D-ultrasound in specialized prenatal units recommended.
authors.affiliation: St. Elisabeth Krankenhaus Leipzig.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Meinel
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Guntermann
mesh_terms: D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000295:instrumentation*