title: Results of treatment of inferior vena cava syndrome with expandable metallic stents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with hepatic metastases often develop obstruction of the intrahepatic inferior vena cava (IVC), known as IVC syndrome. This obstruction is debilitating due to the development of ascites and anasarca.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To update our experience in the diagnosis and treatment of IVC syndrome and to evaluate the efficacy of expandable stents in the treatment of IVC syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight patients with hepatic metastases diagnosed as having IVC syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients underwent transfemoral placement of Gianturco-Rosch self-expandable Z metallic stents in the intrahepatic IVC. One patient was treated with a Wallstent. Stents were 15 to 25 mm in diameter and 60 to 140 mm in length. Pressure gradients across the IVC were measured before and after stent placement in all patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Change in pressure gradient, relief of ascites and anasarca, loss of weight, patency of the primary stent, and survival after stent placement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pressure gradients were reduced in all patients, which was followed by rapid reduction of ascites and anasarca with a median weight loss of 5.85 kg. Survival after stent placement varied from 1 to 99 days, with a mean of 34 days. Stent patency remained until death in all patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The debilitation of IVC syndrome due to ascites and anasarca can be considerably palliated by placement of transfemoral percutaneous stents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201-3098, USA. fletchew@ohsu.edu
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Fletcher
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Lakin
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Pommier
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wilmarth
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001201:Ascites / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating; D011312:Pressure; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D013577:Syndrome; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000601:surgery*