title: Three-dimensional guidance system for implant insertion: Part I.
abstract: A technique is presented, with two sets of newly designed drills, that facilitates three-dimensional guided insertion of implants. A radiographic guide has been fabricated with titanium markers that are transferred into the CT scan reformatted images. The resulting cross-sectional and panoramic reformatted images provide the precise location for each implant. The buccolingual and mesiodistal inclinations of each implant are measured and transferred to a surgical guide that contains steel drill guide tubes. The starting point and three-dimensional orientation of each implant is then transferred to a pilot osteotomy. The widening of an osteotomy, with end-cutting drills of the usual design, can lead to the loss of orientation because a wider drill cannot be effectively guided by a smaller diameter osteotomy. A newly designed set of drills has been developed that maintains tracking of the original orientation as the incremental increase in width proceeds. The three-dimensional guidance system for implant insertion was first accomplished in vitro and then on patients.
authors.affiliation: New York University College of Dentistry, NY, USA.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Weinberg
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kruger
mesh_terms: D019412:Anatomy, Cross-Sectional; D003748:Dental Equipment; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007576:Jaw, Edentulous, Partially / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D003765:Models, Dental; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000379:methods; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed