title: Airbag-induced eye injuries: experiments with in situ cadaver eyes.
abstract: In an attempt to investigate eye injuries from airbags, a set of experiments was performed that involved the deployment of several types of airbags onto thirteen unembalmed, previously frozen cadaver heads. The airbags differed in the material, coating, presence of a tether, and folding pattern, and were deployed via a pneumatic deployment system. The eyes were impacted in situ after being repressureized with saline injected through a 30-gauge needle. Injury determination was achieved by ophthalmic ultrasound imaging, staining with fluorescein dye, and dissection. All twenty-six eyes revealed detached retinas, as shown by the ultrasound, before impact as a result of decaying tissue and the freezing process. High speed video and film were used to capture the events. The impact velocities of the airbags were recorded from the digitized film at the first contact location with the eye and ranged from 30 m/s to 66 m/s. Eyeglasses were placed on four of the specimens, and the presence of eyeglasses seemed to provide protection to the eye because of the lack of contact between the airbag and ocular region. Minimal ocular damage was recorded for all experiments.
authors.affiliation: University of Virginia, Automobile Safety Laboratory, Charlottesville 22902, USA.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Duma
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Kress
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Porta
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Simmons
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Woods
mesh_terms: D017278:Air Bags / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005131:Eye Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005139:Eyeglasses; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques