title: Signaling from G-protein-coupled receptors to mitogen-activated protein (MAP)-kinase cascades.
abstract: Heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein (G-protein)-coupled receptors are able to induce a variety of responses including cell proliferation, differentiation, and activation of several intracellular kinase cascades. Prominent among these kinases are the activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, including the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), ERK1 and ERK2 (p44mapk and p42mapk, respectively); stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs/JNKs); and p38 kinase. These receptors signal through G-proteins. Recent data have shown that the activation of mitogen-activated protein/ERK kinase induced by G-protein-coupled receptors is mediated by both Galpha and Gbetagamma subunits involving a common signaling pathway with receptor-tyrosine-kinases. Gbetagamma-mediated mitogen-activated protein kinase activation is mediated by activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase, followed by a tyrosine phosphorylation event, and proceeds in a sequence of events that involve functional association among the adaptor proteins Shc, Grb2, and Sos. SAPKs/JNKs and p38 are able to be activated by Gbetagamma proteins in a pathway involving Rho family proteins including RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42.
authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Research Unit Molecular Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Jena, Germany. mlopez@cbr.med.harvard.edu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lopez-Ilasaca
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D011494:Protein Kinases; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins