title: Fetal liver volume measurement by three-dimensional ultrasonography: a preliminary study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish the application of three-dimensional ultrasonography in measuring fetal liver volume during the second half of normal pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective cross-sectional study of normal fetal liver volume at 19-39 weeks of gestation (median 29 weeks).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-four non-smoking women with a singleton pregnancy resulting in the delivery of a healthy infant with a birth weight between the 5th and 95th centiles according to the Kloosterman tables adjusted for maternal parity and fetal sex.
  
  
  METHODS
  For fetal liver volume measurements, a simultaneous recording of a frontal section of the liver immediately anterior to the stomach and a sagittal section of the liver were obtained using a standard Combison 530 ultrasound machine with a 5-MHz annular array transducer for volume scanning.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Technically acceptable fetal liver volume measurements were obtained in 25 of 34 participating women. Mean fetal liver volume data (P50) ranged between 8 ml at 20 weeks' gestation and 116 ml at 38 weeks' gestation. A statistically significant increase in normal fetal liver volume was found with advancing gestational age (p < 0.0001) and with increasing estimated fetal weight (p < 0.00001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Three-dimensional ultrasound allows measurement of fetal liver volume, and this demonstrated an approximately 14-fold increase during the second half of pregnancy. It is speculated that three-dimensional fetal liver volume measurement may identify the fetus at risk of growth restriction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Laudy
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Struyk
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stijnen
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Wallenburg
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Wladimiroff
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal