title: Femoral venous flow dynamics during intraperitoneal and preperitoneal laparoscopic insufflation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laparoscopic herniorrhaphy may be performed using an intraperitoneal or a preperitoneal approach. Anecdotal and experimental evidence indicates that alterations in lower extremity venous flow, which occur during intraperitoneal laparoscopic insufflation, may be associated with an increased risk of deep vein thrombosis. However, no study has directly compared femoral venous flow during intraperitoneal insufflation with that during preperitoneal insufflation.
  
  
  METHODS
  In eight consecutive patients undergoing laparoscopic herniorrhaphy under general anesthesia, flow through the common femoral vein was evaluated with B-mode and color flow duplex. Pre- and intraperitoneal pressures were standardized to 10 mm Hg, and respiratory tidal volumes were standardized to 10 cc/kg. Flow measurements were taken at end expiration. Flow through the common femoral vein was measured after induction of anesthesia, during intraperitoneal insufflation, during preperitoneal insufflation, and between insufflations to ensure return to baseline.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients in the study were males. Their mean age was 59 years. Mean flow in the common femoral vein was essentially identical at baseline (138 ml/min) and during preperitoneal insufflation (135 ml/min). Alternatively, mean flow in the common femoral vein was significantly reduced during intraperitoneal insufflation (65 ml/min, p = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Flow in the common femoral vein is significantly reduced during intraperitoneal insufflation. However, flow in the common femoral vein is not affected by preperitoneal insufflation. These data suggest that laparoscopic preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair may pose as less a risk of thromboembolic complications than laparoscopic intraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, William Beaumont Army Medical Center, El Paso, TX 79920-5001, USA.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Schreiber
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Hetz
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Acosta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D005268:Femoral Vein / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D011028:Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial / Q000379:methods; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color