title: Intraoperative duplex scanning for carotid endarterectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the results of intraoperative duplex scans during carotid endarterectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case review.
  
  
  METHODS
  One-hundred consecutive intraoperative carotid duplex scans performed during carotid endarterectomy between July 1993 and December 1995 at a university teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Abnormalities of the B-mode image and/or the Doppler flow analysis were classified. The result of intraoperative carotid duplex scans (ICDS) were related to the events of the intraoperative course, perioperative neurologic morbidity and mortality, and to residual carotid stenosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Abnormalities of the ICDS were demonstrated in 13 cases (13%). Abnormalities were classified into four types: I, internal carotid artery spasm (n = 9); II, high distal resistance flow (n = 2); III, high grade residual stenosis (n = 1); IV, intraluminal thrombosis (n = 1). Immediate intraoperative exploration and revision of the endarterectomy was performed based on the ICDS in two cases (type III and IV) and the findings of ICDS were confirmed. The other 11 cases with abnormal ICDS (types I, II) were not revised and duplex scans done 1 month postoperatively (available in 10 cases) showed normal carotid artery flow. Intraoperative angiography was performed selectively in five cases and confirmed the results of ICDS. Reversible abnormalities of the ICDS were not associated wit perioperative morbidity or residual carotid stenosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraoperative carotid duplex scanning can be used to assess the immediate technical adequacy of carotid endarterectomy. B-mode image and Doppler flow abnormalities which are reversible can be distinguished from those which require immediate revision.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: O K
authors.initials: OK
authors.lastname: Steinmetz
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: MacKenzie
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nault
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Singher
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dumaine
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex / Q000706:statistics & numerical data