title: Association of prognosis in surgically treated lung cancer patients with cytometric, histometric and ligand histochemical properties: with an emphasis on structural entropy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore new tumor features for refined category formation that permits the tailoring of individualized treatment schemes in lung cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Survival data on patients from six independent studies on cases with surgically treated lung cancer, primary lung carcinoids or metastasizing breast carcinoma (including data on primary breast carcinoma) were analyzed by nonhierarchic multivariant discriminant analysis with respect to a set of cytometric/histometric and immunohistochemical/ligand histochemical parameters. The number of stem lines, S-phase-related tumor cell fraction and the extent of structural entropy and its current were measured. In addition, the expression of binding capacities for histo-blood group trisacharides, galectins, the alpha/beta-interferon antagonist sarcolectin, the lymphokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor and a monoclonal antibody to the Le(y) epitope was monitored for insight into aspects of immunologic and biologic behavior.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all studies, a correlation between tumor parameters, according to TNM stage and survival, was seen. In order to refine this category formation, at least certain selected features should provide an even more stringent association than TNM stages. Indeed, statistical correlation of the cytometric and histometric parameters as well as the expression of receptors for the two histo-blood group trisaccharides, ligands for the galectins (CL-16, CL-14) and macrophage migration inhibitory factor was stronger than that of TNM stage. A large amount of the current of structural entropy was especially highly significantly associated with poor survival. This observation could be verified in each of the different studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The obtained data strongly support the notion that thermodynamic evaluation of tumor growth focusing on the "entropy distance" of the tumor from its environment is a promising perspective warranting extended studies. Additionally, glycohistochemical features, including binding capacities for histo-blood group trisaccharides, have the potential to aid in establishment of a biologic marker set for tumor staging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg, Germany. klkayser@metronet.de
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kayser
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kayser
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eichhorn
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Biechele
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Altiner
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaltner
authors.forename: F Y
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: E V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Vlasova
authors.forename: N V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Bovin
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Gabius
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019277:Entropy; D005260:Female; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D006801:Humans; D019044:Image Cytometry / Q000379:methods; D008024:Ligands; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D008024:Ligands