title: Cytokines and cognitive behavior.
abstract: Proinflammatory cytokines help orchestrate host responses to infection and are a major communication link between peripheral immunity and the CNS. These cytokines initiate a number of CNS events that culminate in both physiological and behavioral changes. Peripheral IL-1beta also affects information processing. A series of experiments examining the effect of learning intensity, motivation, and cytokine dose are reported. Using a well-established Morris water maze (MWM) system with female C57BL/6 mice, we report that (1) IL-1 (100 ng/mouse, i.p.) has no effect on MWM learning when mice are subjected to a spaced as opposed to a massed learning protocol; (2) water temperature is critical to the IL-1 effect on learning insofar as IL-1 interferes with learning in a warm-water but not a cold-water maze, and (3) higher doses (1,000 ng/mouse, i.p.) of IL-1 in experimental systems known to produce the IL-1-induced learning deficit with lower doses (100 ng/mouse, i.p.) show consistent facilitation, not impairment, of learning.
authors.affiliation: Midwest Research Institute, Kansas City, Mo., USA. mgibertini@mriresearch.org
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gibertini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009042:Motivation; D015213:Neuroimmunomodulation / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1