title: Intraepithelial lymphocytes from villus tip and crypt portions of the murine small intestine show distinct characteristics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) are located between epithelial cells that are thought to display unique features and functions at the small intestinal villus tip and crypt levels. We have addressed whether the spatial differences in the intestinal epithelium extend to IELs and subsequent cross-talk between IELs and epithelial cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  IELs were isolated from villus tip and crypt portions of mouse small intestine and then compared for spontaneous cytokine production and responsiveness to interleukin (IL)-2 and/or IL-7.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No difference was observed between number of beta IELs in villus tips and crypts, whereas a trend toward increased frequencies of IELs bearing the gamma delta form of T-cell receptor was noted in villus tips. Interestingly, the number of beta IELs producing interferon gamma and IL-5 was significantly reduced in the cells from crypts compared with villus tips. Furthermore, villus tip beta IELs exhibited higher responses to stimulation signals provided by IL-2 and/or IL-7 than their crypt counterpart. Such functional differences were not observed with gamma delta IELs from the two intestinal sites.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Distinct molecular cross-talk between IELs and epithelial cells occurs in intestinal villus tips and crypts.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Oral Biology and Microbiology, Immunobiology Vaccine Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawabata
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Boyaka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Coste
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujihashi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: McGhee
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kiyono
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000494:pharmacology; D015851:Interleukin-7 / Q000494:pharmacology; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D016693:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta / Q000378:metabolism; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta / Q000378:metabolism; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007376:Interleukin-2; D015851:Interleukin-7; D016693:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta