title: Tumour necrosis factor beta alleles and hyperinsulinaemia in coronary artery disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hyperinsulinaemia and dyslipoproteinaemia are markers and risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). We investigated the influence of a tumour necrosis factor beta (TNF-beta) gene polymorphism on serum parameters related to these metabolic disorders in patients with CAD.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 199 patients with CAD and 81 control subjects with angiographically normal coronary arteries were studied. A digestion of amplified DNA with NcoI revealed three fragment patterns: homozygosity for TNF-beta *1 or TNF-beta *2 and heterozygosity (TNF-beta *1/*2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with CAD who had increased serum insulin or C-peptide (fasting and after glucose load) were predominantly heterozygous for TNF-beta (72% vs. 47%) and less frequently homozygous for TNF-beta *2 (22% vs. 43%, P = 0 x 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates an association of TNF-beta alleles with the risk factor hyperinsulinaemia in CAD. Genomic variants of TNF-beta may therefore contribute to the complex susceptibility for the metabolic syndrome in patients with CAD.
authors.affiliation: Klinikum der J. W. Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: März
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Winkelmann
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Donner
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Henning Usadel
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Badenhoop
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000235:genetics; D006579:Heterozygote; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
chemical_list: D002096:C-Peptide; D007328:Insulin; D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha