title: Hospital admissions in children due to pneumococcal pneumonia in England.
abstract: Hospital records of 116 children under 5 years of age discharged from 11 hospitals in three regions in England with a diagnosis of lobar (pneumococcal) pneumonia were reviewed to estimate the proportion likely to be attributable to infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Of these, 100 (86%) had lobar/focal changes on chest X-ray consistent with pneumococcal infection, although only one (1%) had pneumococcus isolated from blood. However, a further 89 (89%) with a lobar/focal picture were considered to be likely or possibly due to pneumococcal infection on the basis of the white cell count, level of C-reactive protein, isolation of the S. pneumoniae from either sputum or nasopharingeal aspirate and failure to identify another responsible pathogen. Of 135 cases with a discharge diagnosis of bronchopneumonia or pneumonia (organism unspecified), two (1%) had S. pneumoniae isolated from blood and a further 95 (70%) had clinical or laboratory features consistent with pneumococcal infection or S. pneumoniae isolated from either sputum or nasopharyngeal aspirate. With the imminent availability of conjugate pneumococcal vaccines, there is a need for improved diagnostic methods for identifying the pathogens responsible for community-acquired pneumonia in young children.
authors.affiliation: Immunisation Division, PHLS Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, London, UK.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Djuretic
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Fairley
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goldblatt
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D006753:Hospital Records; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010351:Patient Discharge / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000145:classification; D011018:Pneumonia, Pneumococcal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000302:isolation & purification*