title: Relation of Helicobacter pylori infection to 13-year mortality and incident ischemic heart disease in the caerphilly prospective heart disease study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Associations have been suggested between Helicobacter pylori seropositivity, cardiovascular risk factors, and ischemic heart disease (IHD). The effect of this common infection on mortality is uncertain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma specimens collected during 1979 to 1983 from 1796 men in Caerphilly, South Wales, were analyzed for IgG antibodies to H pylori. Cause of death and occurrence of incident IHD events were ascertained over an average of 13.7 years from death certificates, hospital records, and ECG changes at 5-yearly follow-up examinations. Seventy percent of men were seropositive. The prevalence of IHD at entry was similar in men with and without H pylori antibodies (odds ratio [OR], 1.10; 95% CI, 0.87 to 1.40). Seropositivity was significantly (P<0.05) associated with poorer socioeconomic status currently and in childhood, shorter stature, and poorer ventilatory function at entry but not with age, smoking, body mass index, blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, fibrinogen, plasma viscosity, or heat shock protein antibodies. Thirteen-year incidence of IHD was not significantly associated with H pylori (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.80 to 1.39), but there was a stronger relationship with all-cause mortality (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.92) and fatal IHD (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.03 to 2.30). After adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors and both adult and childhood socioeconomic status, ORs were slightly reduced and lost statistical significance (OR=1.32 [95% CI, 0.99 to 1.78] for all-cause mortality and OR=1.52 [95% CI, 0.99 to 2.34] for fatal IHD).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  H pylori infection is unlikely to be as strong a risk factor for IHD as some previous studies have suggested, but its relationship to mortality, including fatal IHD, deserves further investigation. The mechanism underlying these associations is unlikely to involve hypertension, circulating lipid profile, fibrinogen, or cross-reacting antibodies to bacterial heat shock proteins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, St George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, London, UK. d.strachan@sghms.ac.uk
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Strachan
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mendall
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Carrington
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Butland
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Yarnell
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Sweetnam
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Elwood
mesh_terms: D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects