title: Flexion and traction effect on C5-C6 foraminal space.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of cervical flexion and traction on foraminal volume and isthmus area at the C5-C6 foraminal space in cadavers.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study evaluated the foraminal space at C5-C6 in cadaver specimens during flexion and traction of the cervical spine.
  
  
  METHODS
  An orthopedic biomechanics laboratory and department of radiology of a university medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine cadaver cervical spines, C1 through T3, were used in the study. Superficial tissues were dissected, preserving the ligaments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Proximal and distal portions of the cadaver spines were potted using bone cement. Spines were mounted and imaged with computed tomography in neutral position, 15 degrees of flexion, and maximum flexion with and without 25lbs of axial traction.
  
  
  METHODS
  The areas and volumes of the foramen were measured and calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Flexion alone significantly increased the foraminal volume and isthmus area at C5-C6. Traction resulted in little additional change.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For cervical spines with mild to moderate degenerative changes at C5-C6, cervical flexion with or without traction produces significant increases in foraminal volume and area at the foraminal isthmus.
authors.affiliation: Chattanooga Orthopaedic Group, Foundation for Research, TN 37404, USA.
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Humphreys
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chase
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patwardhan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shuster
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lomasney
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Hodges
mesh_terms: D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019416:Head Movements / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007403:Intervertebral Disc / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009408:Nerve Compression Syndromes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D013126:Spinal Nerve Roots / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed