title: A C-terminal fragment of Agouti-related protein increases feeding and antagonizes the effect of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone in vivo.
abstract: Agouti-related protein (Agrp) is present in rat and human hypothalamus and is structurally related to agouti protein. Overexpression of either of these proteins results in obesity. However the effect of exogenous Agrp and its in vivo interaction with alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alphaMSH), the likely endogenous melanocortin 3 and 4 receptor (MC3-R and MC4-R) agonist, have not been demonstrated. We report that 1 nmol of Agrp(83-132), a C-terminal fragment of Agrp, when administered intracerebroventricularly (ICV) into rats, increased food intake over a 24-h period (23.0+/-1.4 g saline vs 32.9+/-2.3 g Agrp, p<0.05). The hyperphagia was similar to that seen when 1 nmol of the synthetic MC3-R and MC4-R antagonist SHU9119 was given i.c.v. (19.6+/-1.8 g saline vs 32.5+/-1.7 g SHU9119, p<0.001). Both Agrp(83-132) and SHU9119 blocked the reduction in 1-h food intake of i.c.v. alphaMSH at the beginning of the dark phase. This effect occurred independently of whether the antagonists were administered simultaneously, or nine hours prior, to the alphaMSH. We have also shown Agrp(83-132) is an antagonist at the MC3-R and MC4-R, with similar inhibition of cAMP activation to that previously reported for the full length peptide. In conclusion, Agrp(83-132) administered i.c.v. increases feeding with long lasting effects and is able to inhibit the action of alphaMSH. This interaction may be mediated by the MC3-R and/or MC4-R.
authors.affiliation: Endocrine Unit, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Small
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sunter
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abusnana
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Goldstone
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Stanley
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yagaloff
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ghatei
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Bloom
mesh_terms: D054366:Agouti Signaling Protein; D054369:Agouti-Related Protein; D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects*; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008297:Male; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011506:Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D044104:Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 3; D018043:Receptors, Corticotropin / Q000187:drug effects; D000521:alpha-MSH / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: C515198:AGRP protein, human; C515197:AGRP protein, rat; C515182:ASIP protein, human; D054366:Agouti Signaling Protein; D054369:Agouti-Related Protein; C515184:Asip protein, rat; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011506:Proteins; D044104:Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 3; D018043:Receptors, Corticotropin; D000521:alpha-MSH