title: Expression of bcl-2-, p53, and Ki-67 and outcome of patients with primary nasopharyngeal carcinomas following DNA-damaging treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies suggest that apoptosis is important in the cell death induced by treatment that damages deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). We assessed the correlation between the expression of the apoptosis-related proteins, p53 and bcl-2, and the clinical outcome of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPCs) who were treated with both DNA-damaging treatments. We also assessed the level of Ki-67, a marker of cell proliferation, in these tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated statistically the relationships among the expression of p53, bcl-2, and Ki-67 and clinicopathologic factors, the sensitivity to radiation, the incidence of distant metastases, and survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The group that was positive for p53 tended to be resistant to radiotherapy and to have a significantly poorer prognosis (p = .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The enhanced expression of p53 may be a prognostic factor in patients with NPCs whose tumor is resistant to therapy that damages DNA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shinokuma
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hirakawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Komiyama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000556:secondary; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004249:DNA Damage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D015996:Survival Rate; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53