title: [Inhalation therapy in children younger than two years. I. From theory to practice].
abstract: Effective inhalation of drugs, even by small children under 2 years, is often faster, simpler, cheaper and better with metered dose inhalers with small antistatic (metal) inhalation chambers than with nebulisation. This is also true during considerable bronchial obstruction. It is mandatory that the inhalation chamber has a small dead space and well functioning valves opening at low flows. Effective dosing in small children is enhanced by more doses, given separately, while choosing the highest dose per spray available. Important factors determining bronchial deposition in small children are breathing frequency, tidal volume and the degree of bronchial obstruction and nasal obstruction, since inhalation goes primarily through the nose. If well-performed medication with a small inhalation chamber is clinically ineffective, it is better to start systemic medication, e.g. a corticosteroid, or even to consider artificial ventilation, rather than to try nebulisation. Better effective deposition is possible with inhalation of drugs in hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) aerosols, which will replace chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) aerosols in the near future.
authors.affiliation: Emma Kinderziekenhuis AMC, afd. Kinderpulmonologie, Amsterdam.
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Griffioen
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: de Jongh
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy; D001982:Bronchial Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers / Q000592:standards*; D012138:Respiratory Therapy / Q000379:methods