title: Responses of the red blood cells from two high-energy-demand teleosts, yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) and skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis), to catecholamines.
abstract: In fishes, catecholamines increase red blood cell intracellular pH through stimulation of a sodium/proton (Na+/H+) antiporter. This response can counteract potential reductions in blood O2 carrying capacity (due to Bohr and Root effects) when plasma pH and intracellular pH decrease during hypoxia, hypercapnia, or following exhaustive exercise. Tuna physiology and behavior dictate exceptionally high rates of O2 delivery to the tissues often under adverse conditions, but especially during recovery from exhaustive exercise when plasma pH may be reduced by as much as 0.4 pH units. We hypothesize that blood O2 transport during periods of metabolic acidosis could be especially critical in tunas and the response of rbc to catecholamines elevated to an extreme. We therefore investigated the in vitro response of red blood cells from yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) and skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) to catecholamines. Tuna red blood cells had a typical response to catecholamines, indicated by a rapid decrease in plasma pH. Amiloride reduced the response, whereas 4,4'diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid enhanced both the decrease in plasma pH and the increase in intracellular pH. Changes in plasma [Na+], [Cl-], and [K+] were consistent with the hypothesis that tuna red blood cells have a Na+/H+ antiporter similar to that described for other teleost red blood cells. Red blood cells from both tuna species were more responsive to noradrenaline than adrenaline. At identical catecholamine concentrations, the decrease in plasma pH was greater in skipjack tuna blood, the more active of the two tuna species. Based on changes in plasma pH, the response of red blood cells to catecholamines from both tuna species was less than that of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) red blood cells, but greater than that of cod (Gadus morhua) red blood cells. Noradrenaline had no measurable influence on the O2 affinity of skipjack tuna blood and only slightly increased the O2 affinity of yellowfin tuna blood. Our results, therefore, do not support our original hypothesis. The catecholamine response of red blood cells from high-energy-demand teleosts (i.e., tunas) is not enhanced compared to other teleosts. There are data on changes in cardio-respiratory function in tunas caused by acute hypoxia and modest increases in activity, but there are no data on the changes in cardio-respiratory function in tunas accompanying the large increases in metabolic rate seen during recovery from exhaustive exercise. However, we conclude that during those instances where high rates of O2 delivery to the tissues are needed, tunas' ability to increase cardiac output, ventilation volume, blood O2 carrying capacity, and effective respiratory (i.e., gill) surface area are probably more important than are the responses of red blood cells to catecholamines. We also use our data to investigate the extent of the Haldane effect and its relationship to blood O2 and CO2 transport in yellowfin tuna. Yellowfin tuna blood shows a large Haldane effect; intracellular pH increases 0.20 units during oxygenation. The largest change in intracellular pH occurs between 40-100% O2 saturation, indicating that yellowfin tuna, like other teleosts, fully exploit the Haldane effect over the normal physiological range of blood O2 saturation.
authors.affiliation: Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu 96822, USA.
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Lowe
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Brill
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Cousins
mesh_terms: D017878:4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000584:Amiloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004232:Diuretics / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers / Q000378:metabolism; D013045:Species Specificity; D014413:Tuna / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D002395:Catecholamines; D004232:Diuretics; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D000584:Amiloride; D017878:4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid; D010100:Oxygen; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine