title: Blood-gas measurements adjusted for temperature at three sites during incremental exercise in the horse.
abstract: Rectal temperature (Tre) is often used to adjust measurements of blood gases, but these adjusted measurements may not approximate temperatures during intense exercise at main sites of gas exchange: muscle and lung. To evaluate differences in blood gases between sites, temperatures (T) were measured with thermocouples in the rectum (re), in mixed venous blood (v), in gluteal muscle (mu), and on the skin (sk) in seven Arabian horses as they underwent an incremental exercise test on a treadmill. Blood samples were drawn from the carotid artery and pulmonary artery (mixed venous) 30 s before each increase in speed and during recovery. Blood gases and pH were measured at 37 degreesC, and all variables were adjusted to Tre, Tv, and Tmu. Adjusted variables during exercise and recovery were significantly different from each other at the three sites. Linear and polynomial equations described the time course of venous temperature and from Tre and Tsk during exercise and from Tsk during recovery. Interpretation of changes in muscle metabolism and gas exchanges based on blood-gas measurements is improved if they are adjusted appropriately to Tmu or Tv, which may be predicted from Tsk in addition to Tre during strenuous exercise and from Tsk during recovery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0306, USA.
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Kronfeld
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Ferrante
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tiegs
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000097:blood; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D005080:Exercise Test; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology*; D012881:Skin Temperature / Q000502:physiology*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D001639:Bicarbonates; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010100:Oxygen