title: Outcome of gastric restriction procedures: weight, psychiatric diagnoses, and satisfaction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Weight losses following bariatric surgery have varied widely, depending on length of follow-up and various pre-surgical characteristics of patients undergoing surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred thirty one patients had a detailed presurgical psychiatric evaluation. Patients were assessed clinically for 2 years after surgery and at follow-up a mean of 5.7 years after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean presurgical body mass index (BMI) was 52.9 kg/m2; therefore, many patients had 'super obesity'. Two-thirds of the patients were located a mean of 5.7 years after surgery. The mean change in BMI at follow-up was 25% and the mean weight loss was 27%. One-third had excellent or good weight outcomes using the Griffen criteria. Five patients had died by follow-up. There was no relationship between age, gender, or fat content presurgically and weight loss at follow-up, although presurgical weight was associated with greater weight loss at follow-up. Weight regain began 2 years after surgery. There was no relationship between the presence or absence of a presurgical psychiatric diagnosis and weight loss at follow-up. There was also no relationship between the presence of a presurgical psychiatric diagnosis and various mental health parameters at follow-up. Satisfaction with the surgery was marginally associated with weight loss but significantly associated with improved mental and physical health.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mean weight losses were less than have been previously reported with gastric restriction procedures but the follow-up was longer than usually reported and many patients had 'super obesity' prior to surgery. The implications of 'super obesity' for weight loss are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, University of South Florida, Tampa 33613, USA.
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Powers
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rosemurgy
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Boyd
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perez
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000473:pathology; D000275:Adjustment Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002423:Cause of Death; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006262:Health; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D013270:Stomach / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015430:Weight Gain; D015431:Weight Loss