title: Effects of critical coronary stenosis on global systolic left ventricular function quantified by pressure-volume relations during dobutamine stress in the canine heart.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study we quantified the effects of a critical coronary stenosis on global systolic function using pressure-volume relations at baseline and during incremental dobutamine stress.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The effects of coronary stenosis have previously been analyzed mainly in terms of regional (dys)function. Global hemodynamics are generally considered normal until coronary flow is substantially reduced. However, pressure-volume analysis might reveal mechanisms not fully exposed by potentially load-dependent single-beat parameters. Moreover, no systematic analysis by pressure-volume relations of the effects of dobutamine over a wide dose range has previously been presented.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 14 dogs left ventricular volume and pressure were measured by conductance and micromanometer catheters, and left circumflex coronary flow by Doppler probes. Measurements in control and with left circumflex stenosis were performed at baseline and at five levels of dobutamine (2.5 to 20 microg/kg/min). The end-systolic pressure-volume relation (ESPVR) dP/dtMAX vs. end-diastolic volume (dP/dtMAX - V(ED)) and the relation between stroke work and end-diastolic volume (preload recruitable stroke work [PRSW]) were derived from data obtained during gradual caval occlusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In control, dobutamine gradually increased heart rate up to 20 microg/kg/min, the inotropic effect blunted at 15 microg/kg/min. With stenosis, the chronotropic effect was similar, however, contractile state was optimal at approximately 10 microg/kg/min and tended to go down at higher levels. At baseline, the positions of ESPVR and PRSW, but not of dP/dtMAX - V(ED), showed a significant decrease in function with stenosis. No differences between control and stenosis were present at 2.5 microg/kg/min; the differences were largest at 15 microg/kg/min.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pressure-volume relations and incremental dobutamine may be used to quantify the effects of critical coronary stenosis. The positions of these relations are more consistent and more useful indices than the slopes. The positions of the ESPVR and PRSW show a reduced systolic function at baseline, normalization at 2.5 microg/kg/min and a consistent significant difference between control and stenosis at dobutamine levels of 5 microg/kg/min and higher.
authors.affiliation: Leiden University Medical Centre, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands. steendijk@cardio.azl.nl
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Steendijk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baan
authors.forename: E T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Van der Velde
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004280:Dobutamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004285:Dogs; D005080:Exercise Test; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013599:Systole / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D004280:Dobutamine