title: The bZip transcription factor vitellogenin-binding protein is post transcriptional down regulated in chicken liver.
abstract: The vitellogenin-binding protein (VBP) is a member of the proline and acidic-region rich (PAR) family of bZip transcription factors. PAR is located N-terminally to the DNA-binding domain. VBP binds to specific sites within the 300-bp 5'-flanking region of the chicken-liver-specific estrogen-dependent very-low-density apolipoprotein gene (apoVLDL II). One of these binding sites (site D) resembles the albumin site D and is positioned in close proximity of the major estrogen-responsive element. Previous studies showed that VBP can bind simultaneously with the estrogen receptor to the putative complex regulatory element E1D. To investigate whether VBP is involved in apoVLDL II gene expression, we examined its capacity to enhance apoVLDL II transcription and its presence in liver. We show that VBP is capable of enhancing transcription in transfection experiments. However, VBP could not be detected in liver by Western-blots or immuno-electro mobility shift assays (EMSAs) using antibodies against different moieties of the protein. We examined the possible reduction in translation efficiencies due to a small upstream open reading frame in the VBP leader sequence, but did not find any. Although VBP binds to the proximal apoVLDL II promoter region and enhances transcription in co-transfection experiments, the protein is unlikely to be involved in apoVLDL II gene transcription because of its undetectable low level in liver nuclei.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Groningen, The Netherlands. Smidt@med.ruu.nl
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Smidt
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Snippe
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: van Keulen
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ab
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D030161:Avian Proteins; D050976:Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D019556:COS Cells; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D002645:Chickens; D015536:Down-Regulation; D016350:Leucine Zippers; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D001053:Apolipoproteins; D030161:Avian Proteins; D050976:Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C027610:apolipoprotein VLDL II