title: The anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia gene (EDA) undergoes alternative splicing and encodes ectodysplasin-A with deletion mutations in collagenous repeats.
abstract: Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (EDA) is an X-linked recessive disorder which affects ectodermal structures. A cDNA encoding a 135 amino acid protein with mutations in 5-10% of EDA patients has been reported. We have built up a complete splicing map of the EDA gene and characterized the longest and what most probably represents the full-length EDA transcript, EDA-A. It encodes a 391 amino acid transmembrane protein with a short collagenous domain, (Gly-X-Y)19, and is highly homologous to the protein mutated in Tabby mice (Ta-A). Four new transcripts that code for truncated proteins lacking the collagenous domain were also detected. The splice variants show different expression patterns in eight tissues analyzed, suggesting a regulatory mechanism for gene expression. The EDA-A form of the protein is transported to the cell membrane and induces rounding of the cells, properties also associated with the 135 amino acid isoform. We have determined the genomic organization and the exon-intron boundaries of the EDA gene. SSCP analysis of the nine exons corresponding to EDA-A allowed the identification of mutations in 12 out of 15 EDA patients. Interestingly, three mutations removed either two or four of the Gly-X-Y repeats without interrupting the reading frame, thus suggesting a functional role for the collagenous domain. Our results will allow mutation diagnostics in the majority of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, PO Box 21, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bayés
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Hartung
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ezer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pispa
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Thesleff
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kere
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D004476:Ectodermal Dysplasia / Q000235:genetics*; D053331:Ectodysplasins; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D020449:Repetitive Sequences, Amino Acid; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: C506018:EDA protein, human; D053331:Ectodysplasins; C506019:Eda protein, mouse; D008565:Membrane Proteins