title: Femoral neck osteopenia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The mechanism of bone loss in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is not completely understood. The aim of this study was to assess indices of bone turnover and bone mineral density (BMD) in the lumbar spine and femoral neck in IBD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-three patients with Crohn's disease and 41 with ulcerative colitis were studied. Serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP), osteocalcin, parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25 hydroxyvitamin D, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and urinary N-telopeptide cross linked type 1 collagen (NTX) were determined. BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck was determined by dual x-ray absorptiometry in 59 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the femoral neck 42% of the patients had osteopenia (-2.5 SD < BMD T score < -1 SD) and another 41% had osteoporosis (BMD T score < -2.5). In the spine 34% of the patients had osteopenia and additional 42% had osteoporosis. BMD T scores were lower in the femoral neck compared to the spine. Reduced BMD was unrelated to gender, disease type, lifetime corticosteroid dose, but inversely correlated with disease duration (r = -0.36, p < 0.05). Serum IL-6 was higher in IBD patients compared to controls. A reduced level of osteocalcin, a marker of bone formation, was present in 7% of patients and an increase in NTX, a marker of bone resorption, in 25% of them. Osteoporotic IBD patients (spine or hip BMD T score < -2.5) had increased serum IL-6, osteocalcin and PTH level compared to nonosteoporotic patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a high prevalence of reduced BMD at the spine and femoral neck in IBD patients, which is more severe in the hip. Bone turnover in osteoporotic IBD patients is associated with an increase in osteocalcin, PTH and IL-6. IL-6 may play a role in the pathogenesis of bone loss in IBD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Hadassah University Hospital on Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Pollak
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Karmeli
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Eliakim
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ackerman
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tabb
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rachmilewitz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D015519:Bone Density; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000652:urine; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003094:Collagen / Q000652:urine; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005272:Femur Neck / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000097:blood; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D013131:Spine / Q000503:physiopathology; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015850:Interleukin-6; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D015675:Osteocalcin; D014807:Vitamin D; D003094:Collagen; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase