title: [Circumscribed apical left ventricular hypertrophy. Dynamic development and long term progression].
abstract: METHODS
  A 64-year-old obese man had for 15 years suffered from exercise-independent retrosternal pressure sensation, radiating to the neck and back. Shortly after the onset of these symptoms he had undergone coronary angiography with negative results. But at that time the resting ECG showed discrete T wave negativity in the left precordial leads.
  
  
  METHODS
  At the present admission the ECG showed deeply inverted T waves in the left precordial and limb leads and a positive Sokolow-Lyon index of 4.8 mV. Left ventricular angiography demonstrated in enddiastole a circumscribed myocardial hypertrophy limited to the apex and of typical "ace of spade" shape.
  
  
  METHODS
  Left-heart catheterization and angiocardiography provided the diagnosis of circumscribed apical left ventricular hypertrophy (ALVH). As the patient had only minor symptoms no treatment was given.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Circumscribed ALVH can show marked dynamic development in long-term observations. If there is marked T wave negativity, even with previously normal LV angiography, circumscribed ALVH should be included in the differential diagnosis. Patients with atypical angina pectoris and increasingly suggestive ECG changes should, even if previous coronary angiography had been negative, undergo transthoracic echocardiography with a high-frequency transducer, special attention being paid to muscular changes at the LV apex.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung Kardiologie, Deutsche Klinik für Diagnostik, Wiesbaden.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Honcamp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stellwaag
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lambertz
mesh_terms: D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000209:etiology; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D004562:Electrocardiography; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D012307:Risk Factors; D016540:Smoking Cessation