title: Retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy in staging and treatment. The development of nerve-sparing techniques.
abstract: Currently, where available and widely practiced, nerve-sparing RPLND offers the least toxic and safest alternative in management of clinical stage I nerve-sparing germ cell tumor. Twenty-six percent to 30% of such cases are found to be node positive and, if no adjuvant chemotherapy is elected, two thirds do not relapse; those who do are uniformly rescued by chemotherapy. The 70% who are node negative have no long-term toxicity and do better in quality of life studies than their surveillance counterparts. Also, risk-benefit and cost-benefit studies support the competitive position, of RPLND vis-à-vis the other options. Nonetheless, it is fair to say there are several options for management of clinical stage I nonseminomatous germ cell tumors that, when well applied, work well. Their choice depends on regional factors related to availability and experience.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, USA.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Donohue
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Foster
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*