title: Spontaneous abnormal involuntary movements in first-episode schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder: baseline rate in a group of patients from an Irish catchment area.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the rate of spontaneous abnormal involuntary movements in a group of patients presenting with a first episode of schizophrenia or schizophreniform psychosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-nine patients with a first episode of schizophrenia or schizophreniform psychosis who presented to a catchment area psychiatric service over a 3-year period, and who were neuroleptic-naive or had been medicated for less than 1 month, were examined for the presence of involuntary movements with use of the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six patients (7.6%) had spontaneous dyskinesia as defined by the criteria of Schooler and Kane, and nine other patients had mild orofacial involuntary movements. The patients with spontaneous dyskinesia had completed significantly fewer years of education than the patients without dyskinesia. Spontaneous involuntary movements were unrelated to age at presentation for treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Spontaneous abnormal involuntary movements were evident among a proportion of patients with first-episode schizophrenia or schizophreniform psychosis at baseline presentation and were associated with reduced educational attainment. This finding supports previous suggestions that abnormal involuntary movements in schizophrenia may be related to the pathophysiology of the illness and therefore cannot be attributed entirely to the adverse effects of neuroleptic medication.
authors.affiliation: Theodore and Vada Stanley Research Unit, Cluain Mhuire Services, Hospitaller Order of St. John of God, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gervin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Browne
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Waddington
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Larkin
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: O'Callaghan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002391:Catchment Area, Health; D015897:Comorbidity; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007494:Ireland / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents