title: High levels of interleukin-12 in the aqueous humor and vitreous of patients with uveitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to investigate the role of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in initiation and maintenance of intraocular inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Aqueous humor and vitreous levels of IL-12 and IL-10 were measured in 22 patients with uveitis undergoing cataract surgery, paracentesis of the anterior chamber, and/or vitrectomy for diagnostic reasons, and in 4 patients with cataract only.
  
  
  METHODS
  Aqueous humor and vitreous levels of IL-12 and IL-10 were measured with specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.
  
  
  METHODS
  Disease activity was correlated to IL-12 levels in the aqueous humor and the vitreous of patients with uveitis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cytokine levels found in the anterior chamber and the vitreous are presented in picogram/milliliter (medium; range). The highest IL-12 levels were found in patients with active uveitis (108.5 pg/ml; 72-293 pg/ml). Interleukin-12 in patients with moderate uveitis or with their disease in remission was lower (32 pg/ml; 15-94 pg/ml) than in patients with active disease (P > 0.001) but higher than in the control group (10.5 pg/ml; 9-14 pg/ml). Interleukin-10 was detectable in only 3 of 22 patients with uveitis (12 pg/ml; 9-23 pg/ml).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors found statistically significant differences of IL-12 levels in the various patient groups (active vs. inactive vs. control). These results support the idea that these uveitis cases represent type 1 (Th1)-T lymphocyte-mediated diseases in which IL-12 plays a pivotal role in the initiation and maintenance of the intraocular inflammation. The high levels of IL-12 in the vitreous and/or aqueous humor of the patients with uveitis suggest that susceptibility or resistance to ocular autoimmunity may be connected to a genetic predisposition to an elevated Th1 response.
authors.affiliation: Uveitis and Immunology Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: el-Shabrawi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Livir-Rallatos
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Christen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baltatzis
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Foster
mesh_terms: D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002387:Cataract Extraction; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000378:metabolism*; D014605:Uveitis / Q000378:metabolism*; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016753:Interleukin-10; D018664:Interleukin-12