title: The helix-loop-helix protein Id2 is overexpressed in human pancreatic cancer.
abstract: Id2 belongs to the Id family of helix-loop-helix (HLH) proteins, which upon heterodimerization with basic HLH proteins prevent basic HLH proteins from DNA binding. Proteins of the Id family act as negative regulatory transcriptional factors, and their expression correlates with cell proliferation and arrested differentiation in many cell lineages. In this study, we characterized the expression of Id2 in normal and cancerous pancreatic tissues. Pancreatic cancers markedly overexpressed Id2 mRNA in comparison to the normal pancreas. Furthermore, there was abundant Id2 immunoreactivity in the cancer cells within the pancreatic tumor mass. In PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer cells, steady-state Id2 mRNA levels increased upon serum addition and decreased after induction of differentiation with either sodium butyrate or 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. Inhibition of Id2 expression with Id2 antisense oligonucleotides inhibited the growth of these cells, whereas random and sense oligonucleotides were without effect. These findings suggest that Id2 may have a role in human pancreatic cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine 92697, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kleeff
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishiwata
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Friess
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Büchler
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Israel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Korc
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002455:Cell Division; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D018257:Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051797:Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 2; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C497450:ID2 protein, human; D051797:Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors