title: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of topical cyclosporin A in steroid-dependent atopic keratoconjunctivitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of topical cyclosporin A (CsA) 2% in maize oil as a steroid-sparing agent in steroid-dependent atopic keratoconjunctivitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one patients with steroid-dependent atopic keratoconjunctivitis were studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients used either topical CsA or vehicle four times daily for 3 months in addition to their usual therapy, and the clinical response was used to taper or stop topical steroids when possible.
  
  
  METHODS
  Steroid drop usage per week, ability to cease steroid use, scores for symptoms and clinical signs, drop side effects, and overall subjective rating of trial drop by patients and clinician were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cyclosporin A had a greater steroid-sparing effect than did placebo. Nine of 12 CsA patients ceased steroids compared to 1 of 9 placebo patients (P = 0.01), the final steroid use was lower in the CsA group (2.6 +/- 1.4 vs. 27.7 +/- 17.7, P = 0.005), and the mean reduction in steroid use was greater for CsA (85.5 +/- 14.7 vs. 13.9 +/- 16.0, P = 0.005). Clinical signs and symptom scores were reduced to a greater level for CsA. Serious side effects were lid skin maceration in one patient using CsA and an allergic reaction in one placebo patient. Marked blurring of vision after drop instillation was common in both groups, but intense stinging was more common in CsA patients (9/12 vs. 1/9, P = 0.01), limiting frequency of drop use. The clinician rated the trial drops as good or excellent more frequently for CsA (11/12 vs. 0/9, P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Topical CsA is an effective and safe steroid-sparing agent in atopic keratoconjunctivitis and, despite difficulties in patient tolerance, also improves symptoms and signs.
authors.affiliation: Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hingorani
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moodaley
authors.forename: V L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Calder
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Buckley
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lightman
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D003233:Conjunctivitis, Allergic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003314:Corn Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012449:Safety; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D003314:Corn Oil; D016572:Cyclosporine