title: A comparison of the prevalence of HIV infection and injecting risk behaviour in urban and rural samples in Scotland.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the prevalence of HIV infection and injecting risk behaviour among injecting drug users from urban and rural areas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two samples of injecting drug users were recruited using a multi-site sampling strategy. Respondents were first interviewed by trained interviewers then specimens of saliva were collected for anonymous testing for antibodies to HIV.
  
  
  METHODS
  Respondents were recruited from drug treatment services and street sites.
  
  
  METHODS
  Respondents were eligible for inclusion in the study if they had "ever" injected a drug and were currently using drugs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Measurements taken included self-reported patterns of drug use and injecting risk behaviour. Specimens of saliva were tested for the presence of HIV infection using GACELISA with reactive specimens confirmed by Western blot analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our data indicate that there are two separate populations which are geographically discrete but broadly similar in profile and current injecting risk behaviour. The prevalence of HIV infection among IDUs from Dundee city was found to be 26.8% (95% CI, 20.2%-33.0%) compared with 3.7% (95% CI, 0.13%-15.8%) for IDUs from rural Tayside. This marked difference in prevalence of HIV infection we attribute to a high level of injecting risk among urban IDUs between 1980 and 1984, limited migration from the urban epicentre of infection and a reluctance among rural IDUs to share with IDUs outside their immediate social and kinship networks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although current levels of injecting risk behaviour are similar in our urban and rural samples, rural IDUs may be less likely to contract HIV from their fellow injectors because of the lower prevalence of HIV infection and more closed sharing networks within the rural population. The implications of this for the development and expansion of drug services are considered.
authors.affiliation: Health Education Board for Seotland, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haw
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Higgins
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012606:Scotland / Q000453:epidemiology; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data