title: Urea and NaCl differentially regulate FAK and RAFTK/PYK2 in mIMCD3 renal medullary cells.
abstract: Two cytosolic tyrosine kinases, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and the newly described FAK homolog, related adhesion focal tyrosine kinase (RAFTK, also called PYK2 and CAKbeta), have been implicated in signaling to multiple mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Therefore, the ability of NaCl and urea to activate these kinases was investigated by in vitro kinase assay and anti-phosphotyrosine immunoblotting. RAFTK was promptly but only transiently activated by urea (within 1 min; 45%), whereas NaCl activated this kinase at 1, 5, 15, and 30 min of treatment (35-60%). In contrast, FAK exhibited only subtle regulation by the two solutes; however, the time course of induction was distinct for each solute. NaCl activated FAK at 1, 5, and 15 min (25-40%), whereas urea-inducible FAK activation (30%) was not evident until fully 15 min of treatment. At 5 min of treatment with increasing concentrations of solute, both urea and NaCl activated RAFTK in a dose-dependent and comparable fashion, culminating in an approximately twofold activation at 800 mosmol/kgH2O solute. Consistent with these data, solute treatment also enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of RAFTK.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Oregon Health Sciences University and the Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon 97207, USA.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Avraham
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1; D051418:Focal Adhesion Kinase 2; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007163:Immunosorbent Techniques; D007679:Kidney Medulla / Q000201:enzymology*; D007685:Kidney Tubules, Collecting; D007700:Kinetics; D051379:Mice; D019000:Phosphotyrosine / Q000032:analysis; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014508:Urea / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D019000:Phosphotyrosine; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D014508:Urea; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1; D051418:Focal Adhesion Kinase 2; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C496051:Ptk2 protein, mouse; C496053:Ptk2b protein, mouse