title: Thirty-day mortality and long-term survival following surgery for prosthetic endocarditis: a study from the UK heart valve registry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the 30-day mortality, long-term survival and freedom from reoperation following surgery for prosthetic endocarditis (PVE).
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of data from the UK Heart Valve Registry of 322 patients who had undergone single mechanical/bioprosthetic valve replacement for PVE between 1 January 1986 and 31 December 1996. The mean age was 54.9 +/- 12.8 years and 213 (66.1%) were males. There were 170 aortic and 152 mitral valve implantations. Eighty-five (26%) of the infected valves were bioprosthetic and 237 (74%) were mechanical. Of the new prostheses implanted 53 (17%) were bioprosthetic and 269 (83%) were mechanical. Of those with infected bioprostheses, 50 (15.2%) had mechanical valves at redo surgery, whilst 219 (68.3%) of infected mechanical prostheses were re-replaced by mechanical prostheses. The follow-up was 98% complete with a total of 1084.9 patient years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 30-day mortality was 63 (19.9%; 95%CI 15.9-24.7%). There were 85 late deaths. One, 5 and 10 year survival rates were 67.1% (61.6-72.0%), 55.0% (49.0-60.7%) and 37.6% (27.9-47.2%), respectively. Age was the only significant determinant of 30-day mortality (P = 0.04). Age (P = 0.001) and explanting of infected bioprosthesis and replacement by mechanical valve (P = 0.04) determined long-term survival (P = 0.001). The incidence of re-reoperation was 9.9%. Freedom from reoperation for PVE was 88.4, 87.3 and 87.3% at 1, 5 and 10 years, respectively. Explanting of bioprosthesis and replacement by mechanical valve (P < 0.001) and reoperation within 60 days of native valve replacement (P = 0.02) were determinants of reoperation for PVE. Freedom from death or reoperation was 61.1, 50.6 and 34.2% at 1, 5 and 10 years, respectively. Age (P = 0.003), explanting of bioprosthesis and replacement by mechanical valve (P = 0.002) and the period between prosthetic re-replacement (P = 0.04) determined freedom from death or reoperation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Operation for PVE carries a high 30-day mortality and reduced long-term survival. There is no evidence that type of prosthesis used for re-reoperation determines survival or freedom from re-reoperation.
authors.affiliation: United Kingdom Heart Valve Registry, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Ratnatunga
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Dore
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D001705:Bioprosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004696:Endocarditis / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery*; D012042:Registries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012086:Reoperation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology