title: Troglitazone use in insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients. The Troglitazone Insulin Study Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the ability of troglitazone to reduce requirements for injected insulin while maintaining blood glucose levels in insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  This 26-week double-blind study with open-label extension included patients who had failed previous oral antidiabetic medication and took > or =30 but <150 U of insulin daily The 222 patients in the double-blind study received 200 or 400 mg troglitazone once daily or matching placebo. The primary end point was the proportion of patients meeting the target of > or =50% reduction in injected insulin and either a 15% reduction in fasting blood glucose or a blood glucose <7.8 mmol/l. Insulin dose was reduced 25% based on a study-specific algorithm whenever fasting blood glucose was reduced 5% from baseline. Also of interest were changes in insulin dose and HbA1c. The open-label extension included 173 patients. They received 200 mg of troglitazone with optional titration to 400 mg, and insulin dose was adjusted based on investigators' standards of care. Open-label measures were change in insulin dose, HbA1c, and fasting serum glucose (FSG).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the double-blind phase, 22 and 27% of the 200- and 400-mg troglitazone groups, respectively, reached target, compared with placebo (7%) (P < 0.01). Insulin dose reductions of 13 +/- 3, 30 +/- 3, and 41 +/- 3 U were observed for placebo, 200-, and 400-mg troglitazone groups, respectively HbA1c decreased 0.09 +/- 0.14% for placebo, 0.13 +/- 0.14% for 200 mg, and 0.41 +/- 0.14% for 400 mg (P < 0.05) troglitazone. In the open-label extension, troglitazone treatment resulted in >50% reduction from baseline in daily insulin dose and decreases in HbA1c of 1% and in FSG of >17%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Troglitazone decreases daily injected insulin dose requirements and improves glycemic control in insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Diabetes Care Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Buse
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gumbiner
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Mathias
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Faja
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Whitcomb
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002839:Chromans / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D000077288:Troglitazone
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002839:Chromans; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D013844:Thiazoles; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D000077288:Troglitazone