title: Clinical utility of positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose in detecting residual/recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The use of positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG-PET) to detect residual/recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck has been tested only in small groups of patients. Our purpose, therefore, was to evaluate the ability of this technique to detect the presence of tumor at both primary and nodal sites in a large cohort of patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients referred for PET scanning over a 2.5-year period with a question of residual or recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were identified. Thirty-five of 44 patients had sufficient follow-up to be meaningful to our analysis (range, 6-33 months). PET scans were interpreted visually with knowledge of the clinical history and correlative anatomic imaging findings. Detection of disease involving primary and nodal sites was assessed independently. Additionally, because each patient had been referred in an attempt to resolve a specific clinical problem, the usefulness of PET in accurately addressing these questions was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the primary site, sensitivity and specificity for residual/recurrent disease were 100% and 64%, respectively; for nodal disease, sensitivity and specificity were 93% and 77%, respectively. In helping to resolve the clinical question being asked, the positive predictive value of the test result was 65% and the negative predictive value was 91%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high sensitivity and negative predictive value of PET scanning in our cohort of patients suggest an important role for this technique in the care of patients with suspected residual/recurrent head and neck carcinoma. The lower figures obtained for specificity and positive predictive value reflect the fact that increased FDG uptake may be due to either tumor or inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco 94143, USA.
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Fischbein
authors.forename: O S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: AAssar
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Caputo
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Singer
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Dillon
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hawkins
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000556:secondary; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014067:Tonsillar Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18