title: Nitric oxide and cutaneous active vasodilation during heat stress in humans.
abstract: Whether nitric oxide (NO) is involved in cutaneous active vasodilation during hyperthermia in humans is unclear. We tested for a role of NO in this process during heat stress (water-perfused suits) in seven healthy subjects. Two forearm sites were instrumented with intradermal microdialysis probes. One site was perfused with the NO synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) dissolved in Ringer solution to abolish NO production. The other site was perfused with Ringer solution only. At those sites, skin blood flow (laser-Doppler flowmetry) and sweat rate were simultaneously and continuously monitored. Cutaneous vascular conductance, calculated from laser-Doppler flowmetry and mean arterial pressure, was normalized to maximal levels as achieved by perfusion with the NO donor nitroprusside through the microdialysis probes. Under normothermic conditions, L-NAME did not significantly reduce cutaneous vascular conductance. During hyperthermia, with skin temperature held at 38-38.5 degreesC, internal temperature rose from 36.66 +/- 0.10 to 37.34 +/- 0.06 degreesC (P < 0.01). Cutaneous vascular conductance at untreated sites increased from 12 +/- 2 to 44 +/- 5% of maximum, but only rose from 13 +/- 2 to 30 +/- 5% of maximum at L-NAME-treated sites (P < 0.05 between sites) during heat stress. L-NAME had no effect on sweat rate (P > 0.05). Thus cutaneous active vasodilation requires functional NO synthase to achieve full expression.
authors.affiliation: Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Audie L. Murphy Division, San Antonio 78284, USA. kelloggd@uthscsa.edu
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Kellogg
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Crandall
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Charkoudian
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D003080:Cold Temperature; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D008297:Male; D017551:Microdialysis; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply*; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009599:Nitroprusside; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester