title: Protein translocation into and across the chloroplastic envelope membranes.
abstract: Post-translational protein import into chloroplasts follows a common route characterised by the need for nucleoside-triphosphates at various steps and two distinct protein import machineries at the outer and inner envelope membrane, respectively. Several subunits of these complexes have been elucidated. In contrast, protein translocation into the chloroplastic outer envelope uses distinct and various but poorly characterised insertion pathways. A topological framework for single-membrane spanning proteins of the chloroplastic outer envelope is presented.
authors.affiliation: Botanisches Institut, Universität Kiel, Germany. jsoll@bot.uni-kiel.de
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Soll
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tien
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001692:Biological Transport; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins