title: HERG potassium channel activation is shifted by phorbol esters via protein kinase A-dependent pathways.
abstract: We investigated the effects of the phorbol ester phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) on the rapid component of the delayed rectifier potassium current, IKr, in guinea pig cardiomyocytes and found that the IKr current amplitude was reduced by 20% with 10 nM PMA and 44% with 100 nM PMA. The ether-a-go-go-related gene (HERG) encodes IKr in human heart. We expressed HERG heterologously in Xenopus oocytes and investigated the effects of PMA on the delayed rectifier potassium current. Upon application of PMA in a concentration of 100 nM, we found a similar reduction of HERG outward current amplitude by 59%. This reduction was due to a shift in the HERG activation curve by 37 mV. The ED50 for the PMA-induced shift was 9.0 nM. The inactive 4alpha-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (4alpha-PMA) had no effect. PMA is known to act by stimulating distinct protein kinase cascades. Additional application of the specific protein kinase C inhibitors chelerythrine (10 microM) or bisindolylmaleimide (1 microM) could not attenuate the PMA-induced shift. In contrast, the shift by PMA was reduced significantly when the specific protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitors H89 (50 microM) or KT5720 (2.5 microM) were applied. Forskolin (400 microM), an activator of the adenylate cyclase that results in PKA activation, shifted the HERG activation curve by 14 mV. Moreover the specific protein kinase C activator 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonylglycerol (10 microM) showed no effect. Our data suggest that mainly PKA is mediating the shift of the HERG activation kinetics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Bergheimerstr. 58, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany. johannkiehn@ukl.umi-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kiehn
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Karle
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brachmann
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kübler
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids; D000818:Animals; D053119:Benzophenanthridines; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D051638:Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D008133:Long QT Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism*; D008301:Maleimides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D010617:Phenanthridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D053119:Benzophenanthridines; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D051638:Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels; D007211:Indoles; C092509:KCNH6 protein, human; D008301:Maleimides; D010617:Phenanthridines; D015221:Potassium Channels; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated; C016299:chelerythrine; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D011493:Protein Kinase C; C088060:bisindolylmaleimide; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate