title: Importance of preimplantation procedures in candidates for an implantable atrial defibrillator.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Due to the limited efficacy of antiarrhythmic drugs for the treatment of atrial fibrillation, several nonpharmacologic therapeutic options have been developed. One of these options is an implantable atrial defibrillator for patients with severe symptoms and infrequent drug-refractory episodes of atrial fibrillation. The purposes of this study were: (1) to evaluate how many patients with atrial fibrillation are possible candidates for an implantable atrial defibrillator; and (2) to report the results and findings of preimplantation testing in a single center.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From our atrial fibrillation outpatient clinic, we evaluated the number of possible candidates for an atrial defibrillator using the following criteria: (1) recurrent persistent atrial fibrillation; (2) long-lasting but infrequent episodes; (3) refractory to antiarrhythmic drugs; (4) capability of maintaining normal sinus rhythm; and (5) no factors increasing proarrhythmic risk. In those patients eligible for an atrial defibrillator, a separate preimplantation test was performed to evaluate atrial defibrillation limits and patient acceptance. Thirty-one of 196 patients were possible candidates for an atrial defibrillator. Fourteen of these 31 patients agreed to participate in the METRIX clinical study phase I on atrial defibrillators. Six of these patients met implantation criteria; two patients refused permanent implantation because of intolerable pain. Implantation was performed in four patients; however, one patient could not be cardioverted intraoperatively despite a successful preimplantation test.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  About 16% of selected patients with atrial fibrillation are possible candidates for an atrial defibrillator. However, successful preimplantation testing does not exclude implantation failure.
authors.affiliation: Heart Center Ludwigshafen, Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Seidl
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hauer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kirca
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Drögemüller
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Werling
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schwacke
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zahn
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Saggau
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Senges
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable / Q000009:adverse effects; D004554:Electric Countershock; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000523:psychology