title: Female exposure to high G: performance of simulated flight after 24 hours of sleep deprivation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ground-based research has investigated the loss of cognitive function in the extreme conditions of G-induced loss of consciousness, however, little is known about pilots' abilities to maintain cognitive performance throughout prolonged conscious exposure in the high-G environment. The effects of fatigue and G layoff on performance during exposure to high G are mostly unknown for the female population.
  
  
  METHODS
  This research was conducted on the centrifuge Dynamic Environment Simulator. Active-duty personnel (8 male and 8 female) were trained to fly the F-16 simulation while 30 performance measures were recorded. Performance was re-evaluated after 24 h of sleep deprivation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neither male nor female overall performance was affected significantly by sleep status, although individual tasks showed sensitivity; call-sign reaction time was longer by 33%, and missile survival was less likely. Also, when sleep deprived, perceived effort and physical demand were higher while perceived performance was lower. No differences in performance were found in either gender due to lay-off, although some physiologic deconditioning was apparent. Women commanded and endured the same amount of G load as men, however, on average they could not perform the tracking task quite as well.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sleep deprivation (24 h) produced sensations of fatigue and frustration, but overall performance was not reduced. The ability of personnel to complete a complex defensive maneuver was reduced when they were sleep deprived. The women that we tested apparently could not optimize the tracking task as well as their male counterparts when Gz was in the simulation. None of these results were sufficient to suggest that women should not be allowed to compete for flying assignments in high-performance aircraft.
authors.affiliation: Crew Systems Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433-7008, USA.
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Chelette
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Albery
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Esken
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Tripp
mesh_terms: D000337:Aerospace Medicine; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D005221:Fatigue / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005676:Gravity Suits; D006801:Humans; D018471:Hypergravity / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000523:psychology; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000502:physiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014636:Valsalva Maneuver / Q000502:physiology; D016526:Workload