title: Type 1 diabetes mellitus and oral health: assessment of tooth loss and edentulism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The oral health of an adult population previously diagnosed with juvenile onset insulin dependent-diabetes was comprehensively assessed. The goal of this exploratory cross-sectional evaluation was to described the characteristics related to partial tooth loss edentulism in subjects with Type 1 diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  An adult population of 406 Type 1 diabetes mellitus subjects, who had been monitored for 6-8 years as part of a University of Pittsburgh longitudinal study of medical complications associated with diabetes, received an oral health examination for missing teeth, edentulism, coronal and root caries, periodontal status, and oral health behaviors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 406 subjects evaluated, 204 had no missing teeth, 186 had partial tooth loss (1-27 missing teeth), and 16 were edentulous. Patients who had partial tooth loss or who were edentulous were generally older; had lower incomes and levels of education; and had higher rates of nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, and peripheral vascular disease. A logistic regression model found partial tooth loss to be significantly associated with extensive periodontal disease in remaining teeth (OR = 7.35), a duration of diabetes longer than 24 years (OR = 5.32), not using dental floss (OR = 2.37), diabetic neuropathy (OR = 2.29), household income less than $20,000 (OR = 2.21), multiple coronal caries and fillings (OR = 1.98), and bleeding on probing (OR = 1.82).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the majority of these adult Type 1 diabetes patients had serious medical complications associated with their diabetes, the possible impact of diabetes mellitus on oral health should be included in their overall management.
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh, School of Dental Medicine, PA 15261, USA. PAM7@pitt.edu
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Weyant
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Mongelluzzo
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rossie
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guggenheimer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hubar
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Block
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Orchard
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000453:epidemiology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000453:epidemiology; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000453:epidemiology; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000453:epidemiology; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000453:epidemiology; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009066:Mouth, Edentulous / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009910:Oral Hygiene / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010414:Pennsylvania / Q000453:epidemiology; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D017213:Root Caries / Q000453:epidemiology; D016388:Tooth Loss / Q000453:epidemiology*