title: Choroidopathy after blunt trauma to the eye: a fluorescein and indocyanine green angiographic study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the uses of fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography in highlighting traumatic choroidopathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective study, 21 patients (21 eyes) who presented with traumatic retinal opacity ophthalmoscopically underwent fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography. With indocyanine green angiography, the subtraction method was used for detailed examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 11 of 21 eyes, fluorescein angiography showed no abnormalities. On indocyanine green angiography, delayed filling in the choroid was found locally in nine of these 11 eyes. Delayed filling of the choroidal veins was clearly visualized by the subtraction method. In six eyes, intrachoroidal indocyanine green leakage around the choroidal vessels, including vortex veins, was found. In the remaining 10 of the 21 eyes, fluorescein angiography showed fluorescein leakage or a salt-and-pepper appearance in the region of retinal opacity. On indocyanine green angiography, a triangular-shaped area of delayed filling of the choroidal arteries was observed in four eyes. Delayed filling of the choroidal veins was visualized in all 10 eyes, intrachoroidal indocyanine green leakage was found in eight, and dilation and/or narrowing of the choroidal veins and changes in choroidal vasculature were visualized in five eyes. Furthermore, in regions with fluorescein leakage, indocyanine green leakage or hypofluorescence was observed, suggesting damage to the choriocapillaris.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Indocyanine green angiography allows the analysis of various degrees of choroidal vascular damage. Because the choroidal circulation nourishes the outer retinal layer, traumatic choroidopathy may play a role in the prognosis for visual recovery in eyes affected by contusion retinal opacities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kohno
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayashi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000150:complications; D002199:Capillary Permeability; D002648:Child; D002829:Choroid / Q000098:blood supply / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology; D015862:Choroid Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D005131:Eye Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007208:Indocyanine Green