title: Requirement of analgesia for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and efficacy of a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug: piroxicam.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, the requirement of analgesia and the analgesic efficacy of a long-acting nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID), piroxicam, were investigated in patients with renal stone disease treated with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL).
  
  
  METHODS
  This randomized, placebo-controlled study included 60 patients. Patients were divided into two groups randomly. A single dose of saline (2 ml) was given to the patients in group 1 (n = 20) and 2 ml of 40 mg piroxicam to the patients in group 2 (n = 40). All injections were administered into the gluteal muscle 45 min before ESWL. A verbal rating scale (VRS) was used to evaluate the pain. Groups were compared according to age, sex, weight, height, stone size, number of shock waves, duration of ESWL and VRS scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no statistically significant difference between both groups in demographic data, stone size, number of shock waves and duration of ESWL procedure (p > 0.05). However mean VRS scores were significantly lower in group 2 than in group 1 during and after the ESWL procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We considered that analgesic agents should be used to control the pain in second-generation lithotriptors. Piroxicam has clinically significant effects on the pain and also antiinflammatory effects, inhibits ureteric activity, and helps in stone passage.
authors.affiliation: Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Department of Urology, Denizli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Aybek
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Turan
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yonguç
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bozbay
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Atahan
authors.forename: O L
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Tuncay
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000698:Analgesia; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000628:therapy; D008096:Lithotripsy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010894:Piroxicam / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016037:Single-Blind Method
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D010894:Piroxicam