title: Bladder dysfunction: an integral part of the ectopic ureterocele complex.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluate whether bladder dysfunction is common in patients with ectopic ureterocele and, if so, whether it is an integral part of the ectopic ureterocele complex or a result of surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1986 to 1995, 34 patients with a mean age of 10 months were treated for large or medium ectopic ureteroceles at our institution and 32 participated in postoperative followup. Bladder function was investigated by a careful history and repeat uroflowmetry, and residual urine estimation was assessed by ultrasound and cystometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 32 patients 19 had infrequent voiding and 3 had incontinence. Cystometric bladder capacity was increased to greater than 150% of the normal value for age in 15 of 27 patients (55%). Uroflowmetry revealed greater than 5 ml. residual urine in 15 patients (56%). Postoperatively no radiological signs of bladder neck obstruction were found. Increased bladder capacity and residual urine did not correlate with ureterocele size or location, or surgical procedure. There was no progression of bladder dysfunction with age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children with ectopic ureterocele are at high risk for a high capacity bladder with incomplete emptying. This bladder dysfunction associated with ectopic ureterocele does not seem to be the result of surgery but an integral part of the disorder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Ostra Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Abrahamsson
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hansson
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Sillén
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hermansson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hjälmås
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D014518:Ureterocele / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014563:Urodynamics