title: [Intracranial pressure monitoring in France, and French-speaking Belgium and Switzerland. Retrospective and prospective survey].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the use of ICP monitoring in France and French-speaking Belgium and Switzerland.
  
  
  METHODS
  Neuro-intensive care unit (ICU) and neuroanaesthesia teams.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective survey (concerning the year 1995), followed by a prospective one (spread over a period of 4 months in 1996) about policy concerning: frequency, delay, duration, indications, complications and cost of ICP monitoring in their units. Other questions were: type of devices, duration of the device insertion, operators and place of operating.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of the 77 units which replied, 54 regularly carried out ICP monitoring, corresponding to a total of 2,012 patients in 1995. Only 23 participated in the prospective survey (301 patients). Out of the 54 hospitals, 25 assessed the ICP in more than 50 patients per year. Head trauma was the main indication for ICP monitoring (61%), the second indication was intracranial haemorrhage (23% of patients). The most often monitored patients were young males for head trauma, whereas females were mainly monitored for intracranial haemorrhage. The delay for starting ICP monitoring was 16 hours and was maintained for 7 days in head trauma patients. Intraventricular catheter and fibreoptic devices were chosen in the same proportion, a subdural system was used in 8% of the cases. The devices were inserted by neurosurgeons in 80% of cases, anaesthetists also participated in this operation. Risk of haemorrhage was very low (0.7%), the risk of infection was 4% and always concerned intraventricular catheters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ICP monitoring is widely practised in France and French-speaking Belgium and Switzerland, especially for traumatic brain injury in young males. Anaesthetists mainly took part in the operation, especially for the fibreoptic devices.
authors.affiliation: Département d'anesthésie-réanimation, CHRU, hôpital de Fontmaure, Chamalières, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Picard
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Waleckx
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bonnard-Gougeon
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sinardet
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lemaire
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chazal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000776:Anesthesiology; D001530:Belgium; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D005568:Forms and Records Control; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D019586:Intracranial Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007427:Intracranial Pressure; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013557:Switzerland