title: Inhibition of angiogenesis by interleukin 4.
abstract: Interleukin (IL)-4, a crucial modulator of the immune system and an active antitumor agent, is also a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis. When incorporated at concentrations of 10 ng/ml or more into pellets implanted into the rat cornea or when delivered systemically to the mouse by intraperitoneal injection, IL-4 blocked the induction of corneal neovascularization by basic fibroblast growth factor. IL-4 as well as IL-13 inhibited the migration of cultured bovine or human microvascular cells, showing unusual dose-response curves that were sharply stimulatory at a concentration of 0.01 ng/ml but inhibitory over a wide range of higher concentrations. Recombinant cytokine from mouse and from human worked equally well in vitro on bovine and human endothelial cells and in vivo in the rat, showing no species specificity. IL-4 was secreted at inhibitory levels by activated murine T helper (TH0) cells and by a line of carcinoma cells whose tumorigenicity is known to be inhibited by IL-4. Its ability to cause media conditioned by these cells to be antiangiogenic suggested that the antiangiogenic activity of IL-4 may play a role in normal physiology and contribute significantly to its demonstrated antitumor activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
authors.forename: O V
authors.initials: OV
authors.lastname: Volpert
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fong
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Waltenbaugh
authors.forename: R I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Tepper
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Bouck
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma; D000818:Animals; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003315:Cornea / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000737:chemistry; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free / Q000737:chemistry; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000502:physiology*; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D051381:Rats; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D015847:Interleukin-4