title: Posterior interosseous flap and its variations for coverage of hand wounds.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Conventional posterior interosseous flap has the disadvantage of partial or even complete necrosis of the flap when there is anatomical variation or contusion around its distal pedicle. To make it a more reliable flap, three types of auxiliary procedures were designed.
  
  
  METHODS
  (1) When there is congestion after inset of the distally based flap, an additional venous anastomosis was carried out. (2) When there is anatomical variation so that a distally based flap could not be raised without compromising the nerve branches, or when contusion was found around the distal pedicle, the flap was changed into a free flap. This design is also indicated for coverage of the distal fingers. (3) When the patient is elderly with possible peripheral arterial disease, the flap was raised with a wide base, incorporating the branches of both the anterior and posterior interosseous arteries. There were eight, 36, and five patients in each group, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was only one failure in the free flap group. No partial necrosis of the flap was found. Other complications were analyzed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With these backup procedures, the posterior interosseous flap can be more widely used with safety. By combining various reconstructive armaments, the result of a conventional procedure can be improved.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Schneeberger
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Y B
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006230:Hand Injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply*; D016896:Treatment Outcome