The past, present, and future of the prevention of lung cancer.
The article relates details of the history of research into the causal association of cigarette smoking and lung cancer on the basis of multidisciplinary studies that have explored the epidemiology, biology, chemistry, and biochemistry of tobacco carcinogenesis and research in behavioral sciences and health education that has sought to address one of our nation's foremost public health problems. Recalling past and present challenges and achievements in all of these areas, the author then outlines his vision for addressing this health problem in the future. This is laid out for various segments of the research community and for society as a whole, i.e., Cancer Centers and hospitals, epidemiologists, laboratory scientists, legislators, educators and behavioral scientists, and the media. It is proposed that for the current policy initiatives in tobacco-related cancer control to succeed, there needs to be a focus on preventing the initiation of tobacco use among children and adolescents. All segments of society can help to achieve this goal. In the nation's research planning, there needs to be a proper balance between basic and applied research, including research on and application of preventive principles, because cancer need not be an inevitable consequence of aging but is largely preventable.
Wynder
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American Health Foundation, New York, New York 10017, USA.
D000367:Age Factors; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000639:trends*; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D020340:Tobacco Use Cessation