title: Progressive deterioration of coronary flow reserve after heart transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to determine coronary flow reserve in cardiac allograft recipients early (0 to 3 years) and late (3 to 7 years) after heart transplantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With the use of a Doppler tipped guide wire, coronary flow reserve (ratio of hyperemic to baseline coronary flow velocity) was measured in 82 patients before and after intracoronary adenosine. Forty-five patients were early (< or =3 years) after transplantation, 24 were late, and 13 were control patients with single-vessel coronary artery disease. Coronary flow reserve in the early transplantation patients was similar to that in the control group (2.9+/-0.2 vs 3.0 +/-0.6, p=not significant) but was reduced in the late transplantation group (2.2+/-0.5 vs 3.0+/-0.6, p < 0.001). There were differences in coronary flow reserve between the early and late transplantation patient groups (3.0+/-0.6 vs 2.2+/-0.5, p < 0.001 ) despite equally elevated mean arterial pressure, mean heart rate, mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, and mean left ventricular mass in the two groups. Coronary flow reserve in patients with angiographic allograft arteriopathy (n=19) was reduced when compared with coronary flow reserve of patients with normal vessels (n=50) (1.9+/-0.3 vs 3.1+/-0.6, p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is progressive deterioration of coronary flow reserve over time after transplantation. Dysfunction of the coronary microcirculation rather than determinants of myocardial oxygen consumption contributes to this reduction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and the Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mazur
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Bitar
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Khalil
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vardan
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Short
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rivera
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Raizner
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Farmer
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Zoghbi
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Kleiman
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D005260:Female; D016027:Heart Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D000241:Adenosine