title: Acute respiratory exposure of human volunteers to octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4): absence of immunological effects.
abstract: Humans are exposed to silicones in a number of commercial and consumer products. Some of these silicones, including octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), are volatile. Therefore, there is a potential for respiratory exposure. A pharmacokinetic analysis of respiratory exposure to D4 is presented in the accompanying paper (M. J. Utell et al., 1998, Toxicol. Sci. 44, 206-213). Possible immune effects of respiratory exposure to D4 are investigated in this paper. Normal volunteers were exposed to 10 ppm D4 or air for 1 h via a mouthpiece using a double-blind, crossover study design. Assays were chosen to screen for immunotoxicity or a systemic inflammatory response. Assessment of immunotoxicity included enumeration of peripheral lymphocyte subsets and functional assays using peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Because in humans there is no direct test for adjuvant effect of respiratory exposure, we analyzed proinflammatory cytokines and acute-phase reactants in peripheral blood, markers for a systemic inflammatory response, as surrogate markers for adjuvancy. These tests were repeated when the volunteers were reexposed to D4 approximately 3 months after this initial exposure. Blood was obtained prior to exposure, immediately postexposure, and 6 and 24 h postexposure. In these short-term, controlled human exposures, no immunotoxic or proinflammatory effects of respiratory exposure to D4 were found.
authors.affiliation: University of Rochester School of Medicine, New York 14642, USA.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Looney
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Frampton
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Byam
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kenaga
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Speers
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mast
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Klykken
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Morrow
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Utell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007109:Immunity / Q000187:drug effects*; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012833:Siloxanes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D012833:Siloxanes; C024064:octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane