title: Urinary N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase as an indicator of renal dysfunction in electroplating workers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate chromium-induced renal dysfunction in electroplating workers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was used to evaluate four biochemical markers of renal function. A total of 178 workers were divided into 3 comparable groups consisting of 34 hard-chrome plating workers, 98 nickel-chrome electroplating workers. and 46 aluminum anode-oxidation workers, who represented the reference group. Ambient and biological monitoring of urinary chromium were performed to measure exposure concentrations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, urinary chromium concentrations were highest among hard-chrome plating workers (geometric mean 2.44 microg/g creatinine), followed by nickel-chrome electroplating workers (0.31 microg/g creatinine) and aluminum workers (0.09 microg/g creatinine). Airborne chromium concentrations were also highest in the hard-chrome plating area (geometric mean 4.20 microg/m3), followed by the nickel-chrome electroplating area (0.58 microg/m3) and the aluminum area (0.43 microg/m3). A positive correlation was found between urinary chromium and airborne concentrations (r=0.54, P < 0.01). Urinary concentrations of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) were also highest among hard-chrome plating workers (geometric mean 4.9 IU/g creatinine), followed by nickel-chrome workers (3.4 IU/g creatinine) and aluminum workers (2.9 IU/g creatinine). The prevalence of "elevated" NAG (>7 IU/g creatinine) was significantly highest among hard-chrome plating workers (23.5%), then among nickel-chrome workers (7.1%) and aluminum workers (8.7%). Differences in beta2-microglobulin, total protein, and microalbumin were not significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The author's evidence indicates that NAG is an early indicator of renal dysfunction in hard-chrome plating workers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, China Medical College Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: T I
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase / Q000652:urine*; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D002857:Chromium / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004595:Electroplating; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002857:Chromium; D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase