title: Evaluation of Institutional Review Board review and informed consent in publications of human research in critical care medicine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the frequency of obtaining Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval and informed consent in critical care research.
  
  
  METHODS
  One-year retrospective review of original critical care research in humans published in seven journals, including American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chest, Critical Care Medicine, Intensive Care Medicine, The Journal of the American Medical Association, Lancet, and The New England Journal of Medicine. Studies were examined for general information (country/state where the research was performed, affiliation of the hospital to a medical school, and whether the work was supported by a grant and specifically by a pharmaceutical company), approval by IRB, method of consent, design of research, and interventions involved in the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred seventy-nine studies were reviewed, 124 (44%) of which were conducted in the United States. Two hundred forty-three (87%) studies were performed in a university institution, 96 (34%) studies were supported by a grant, and 23 (24%) studies were supported by a pharmaceutical company. In 66 (24%) studies, there was no evidence of IRB review and informed consent approval. IRB approval was obtained but the method of consent was not specified in 36 (13%) studies. No significant differences were found in obtaining IRB approval and informed consent between research conducted in the United States (n=71, 57%) or outside the United States (n=92, 59%). Grant support was obtained in ten (9%) of the 116 studies not fully approved, compared with 70 (50%) of the 140 studies that obtained full approval (p < .05). All studies (23) supported by the pharmaceutical industry were fully approved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many published studies in critical care lack IRB approval and/or informed consent. All research supported by the pharmaceutical industry was fully approved. The findings raise ethical concerns about critical care research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Ethics and Law, Hadassah University Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Matot
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pizov
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Sprung
mesh_terms: D015706:Bibliometrics; D003422:Critical Care / Q000592:standards*; D004345:Drug Industry; D035081:Editorial Policies; D026724:Ethical Review; D028744:Ethics Committees, Research; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D006805:Human Experimentation; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D038622:Internationality; D010506:Periodicals as Topic; D011367:Professional Staff Committees; D012106:Research / Q000592:standards*; D012109:Research Support as Topic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014481:United States