title: Major histocompatibility complex class II expression and parathyroid autoantibodies in primary hyperparathyroidism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Autoimmune diseases are characterized by induced parenchymal expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigens and circulating autoantibodies directed toward surface structures on the target cells. MHC class II expressions can be modified by viral infections of potential pathogenic importance in autoimmune reactions. Primary hyperparathyroidism exhibits incompletely clarified cause.
  
  
  METHODS
  With cryosections, human parathyroid glands were stained with monoclonal antibodies to MHC class II antigens according to a peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. Human parathyroid adenoma tissue transplanted to nude mice and rat parathyroid glands was tested with serum from patients with hyperparathyroidism and control subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Induced MHC class II expression was demonstrated on parathyroid parenchymal cells in 13 of 54 adenomatous and eight of 23 hyperplastic glands of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. This reactivity was absent in 12 normal glands, nine normal-sized glands associated with the adenomas, and 17 enlarged glands of patients with hyperparathyroidism caused by uremia. Staining of parathyroid tissue was found with serum from 27 of 38 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, whereas this reactivity was absent on rat thyroid and pancreatic tissue, as well as with control sera.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The concurrent induction of MHC class II antigen expression and c circulating antiparathyroid autoantibodies in 16 or 38 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism suggests hitherto unrecognized immunologic involvement in this disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bjerneroth
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Juhlin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gudmundsson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rastad
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Akerström
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Klareskog
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D006961:Hyperparathyroidism / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D010280:Parathyroid Glands / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D010282:Parathyroid Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II