title: Cervicocephalic kinesthetic sensibility, active range of cervical motion, and oculomotor function in patients with whiplash injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate cervicocephalic kinesthetic sensibility, active range of cervical motion, and oculomotor function in patients with whiplash injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 2-year review of consecutive patients admitted to the emergency unit after whiplash injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  An otorhinolaryngology department.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-seven consecutive patients with diagnosed whiplash injury (14 men and 13 women, mean age, 33.8yrs [range, 18 to 66yrs]). The controls were healthy subjects without a history of whiplash injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Oculomotor function was tested at 2 months and at 2 years after whiplash injury. The ability to appreciate both movement and head position was studied. Active range of cervical motion was measured. Subjective intensity of neck pain and major medical symptoms were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Active head repositioning was significantly less precise in the whiplash subjects than in the control group. Failures in oculomotor functions were observed in 62% of subjects. Significant correlations occurred between smooth pursuit tests and active cervical range of motion. Correlations also were established between the oculomotor test and the kinesthetic sensibility test.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that restricted cervical movements and changes in the quality of proprioceptive information from the cervical spine region affect voluntary eye movements. A flexion/extension injury to the neck may result in dysfunction of the proprioceptive system. Oculomotor dysfunction after neck trauma might be related to cervical afferent input disturbances.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Northern Sweden, Umeå.
authors.forename: H V
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Heikkilä
authors.forename: B I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Wenngren
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000293:injuries / Q000503:physiopathology; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000293:injuries / Q000503:physiopathology; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000293:injuries* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D019416:Head Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007699:Kinesthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009886:Ophthalmoplegia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D011434:Proprioception / Q000502:physiology; D011698:Pursuit, Smooth / Q000502:physiology; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D014911:Whiplash Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology