title: Prenatal diagnosis of limb-body wall complex.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate prenatal diagnosis of limb-body wall complex (LBWC) by ultrasonography in eight cases.
  
  
  METHODS
  The diagnosis was based on two of the following: exencephaly/encephalocele with facial clefts, thoracoschisis and/or abdominoschisis and limb defect. The ultrasonographic findings were compared with the autopsy findings in each case.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average weeks of gestation at which malformations were diagnosed by ultrasonography was 21.7 +/- 4.7 (mean +/- SD, n = 8). All eight fetuses were diagnosed as having characteristic abnormalities and six of them as having scoliosis by ultrasonography. Four of the eight were examined for maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP); the levels exceeded 2.5 multiples of the mean according to the standard value at our hospital. Chromosomal analysis was performed for six cases and revealed that they were normal in karyotype. All eight cases showed abdominoschisis, scoliosis and abnormalities of the lower extremities. A single umbilical artery was present in seven cases (87.5%), and a short umbilical cord was present in seven (87.5%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ultrasonographic detection of abdominoschisis, scoliosis abnormalities of the lower extremities, a single umbilical artery and a short umbilical cord is important for the prenatal diagnosis of LBWC. An extremely elevated level of MSAFP is also indicative of the complex.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Negishi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yaegashi
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okuyama
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
mesh_terms: D000009:Abdominal Muscles / Q000002:abnormalities*; D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000328:Adult; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development; D004677:Encephalocele / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D017880:Limb Deformities, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D014470:Umbilical Cord / Q000002:abnormalities