title: Can computerization of the exercise test replace the cardiologist?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The type of practitioners who use the standard exercise test is changing. Once a tool of the cardiologist, the standard exercise test is now being performed by internists and other noncardiologists. Because this change could be facilitated by computerization similar to the computerized interpretation programs available for the resting electrocardiograph (ECG), we performed this analysis. A secondary aim was to demonstrate the effects of medication status and resting ECG abnormalities on test diagnostic characteristics because these factors affect utility of the exercise test by the generalist.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A retrospective analysis was performed of consecutive patients referred at 2 university-affiliated Veteran's Affairs Medical Centers and a Hungarian Hospital for evaluation of chest pain and possible ischemic heart disease. There were 1384 consecutive male patients without a prior myocardial infarction with complete data who had exercise tests and coronary angiography between 1987 and 1997. Measurements included clinical, exercise test data, and visual interpretation of the ECG recordings as well as more than 100 computed measurements from the digitized ECG recordings and compilation of angiographic data from clinical reports. The computer measurements had similar diagnostic power compared with visual interpretation. Computerized measurements from maximal exercise or recovery were equivalent or superior to all other measurements. Prediction equations applied by computer were superior to single ECG measurements. Beta-blockers had no effect on test characteristics, whereas resting ST depression was associated with decreased specificity and increased sensitivity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Computerized exercise ST measurements are comparable to visual ST measurements by a cardiologist; computerized scores that included clinical and exercise test results exhibited the greatest diagnostic power. Applying scores with a computer allows the practicing physician to improve the diagnostic characteristics of the standard exercise test. This approach is successful even when there is resting ST depression, thus lessening the need for more expensive nuclear or imaging studies.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Division at the Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Calif 94304, USA.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Atwood
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Do
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Froelicher
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chilton
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dennis
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Froning
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Janosi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mortara
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Myers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002309:Cardiology / Q000379:methods; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005080:Exercise Test; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies