Dual signaling of the Fas receptor: initiation of both apoptotic and necrotic cell death pathways.
Murine L929 fibrosarcoma cells were transfected with the human Fas (APO-1/CD95) receptor, and the role of various caspases in Fas-mediated cell death was assessed. Proteolytic activation of procaspase-3 and -7 was shown by Western analysis. Acetyl-Tyr-Val-Ala-Asp-chloromethylketone and benzyloxycarbonyl-Asp(OMe)-Glu(OMe)-Val-Asp(OMe)-fluoromethylketone++ +, tetrapeptide inhibitors of caspase-1- and caspase-3-like proteases, respectively, failed to block Fas-induced apoptosis. Unexpectedly, the broad-spectrum caspase inhibitors benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp(OMe)-fluoromethylketone and benzyloxycarbonyl-Asp(OMe)-fluoromethylketone rendered the cells even more sensitive to Fas-mediated cell death, as measured after 18 h incubation. However, when the process was followed microscopically, it became clear that anti-Fas-induced apoptosis of Fas-transfected L929 cells was blocked during the first 3 h, and subsequently the cells died by necrosis. As in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced necrosis, Fas treatment led to accumulation of reactive oxygen radicals, and Fas-mediated necrosis was inhibited by the oxygen radical scavenger butylated hydroxyanisole. However, in contrast to TNF, anti-Fas did not activate the nuclear factor kappaB under these necrotic conditions. These results demonstrate the existence of two different pathways originating from the Fas receptor, one rapidly leading to apoptosis, and, if this apoptotic pathway is blocked by caspase inhibitors, a second directing the cells to necrosis and involving oxygen radical production.
Vercammen
D
D
Department of Molecular Biology, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology and University of Ghent, Belgium.
Brouckaert
G
G
Denecker
G
G
Van de Craen
M
M
Declercq
W
W
Fiers
W
W
Vandenabeele
P
P
D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D053148:Caspase 3; D053179:Caspase 7; D020169:Caspases; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000276:immunology; D005354:Fibrosarcoma; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009336:Necrosis; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology*; D014162:Transfection / Q000276:immunology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000502:physiology*
D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; D008024:Ligands; C098738:N-acetyl-tyrosyl-valyl-alanyl-aspartyl chloromethyl ketone; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009842:Oligopeptides; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; C096713:benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone; C103192:butyloxycarbonyl-O-methyl-aspartyl-fluoromethyl ketone; D019014:fas Receptor; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; C505520:CASP7 protein, human; C505409:Casp3 protein, mouse; C505524:Casp7 protein, mouse; D053148:Caspase 3; D053179:Caspase 7; D020169:Caspases; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases