title: TNF-alpha and IL-6 synergistically inhibit ketogenesis from fatty acids and alpha-ketoisocaproate in isolated rat hepatocytes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  During sepsis, lipid metabolism is shunted toward triacylglycerol synthesis and hepatic lipogenesis. A decrease in ketogenesis from free fatty acids also is observed, probably mediated by cytokines involved in host response to infection. Whether such an inhibition of ketogenesis occurs with other ketone body precursors such as ketoacids is not known. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) on hepatic ketone body production from octanoic acid, a medium-chain fatty acid, and from alpha-ketoisocaproate (KIC), the ketoanalogue of leucine.
  
  
  METHODS
  The experiments were conducted in cultured hepatocytes isolated from 24-hour-fasted Sprague-Dawley rats. Hepatocyte monolayers were incubated for 6 hours, with either KIC or octanoic acid (1 mmol/L), in the presence of glucagon and TNF-alpha (25 micro/L) IL-6 (15 microg/L) and/or IL-6. Acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and free fatty acids were determined in culture medium by enzymatic methods and KIC was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  KIC and octanoic acid uptake by hepatocytes was 79% and 92%, respectively, over 6 hours, and cytokines had no influence. However, TNF-alpha and IL-6 caused inhibition of ketogenesis from alpha-ketoisocaproate (5.6% +/- 2.3% and 4.4% +/- 3.0%, respectively), and from octanoic acid (7.9% +/- 2.9%, 5.7% +/- 3.2%, respectively). In addition, when the two cytokines were present together in the culture medium, the inhibition was enhanced (inhibition of ketogenesis from KIC: 14.0% +/- 4.8%; from octanoic acid: 11.6% +/- 3.4%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our experimental conditions, cytokines mediate an inhibition of ketogenesis; this process could be explained by a direct effect of cytokines on metabolic pathways of octanoic acid and KIC oran indirect effect by modification of the mitochondrial redox state.
authors.affiliation: Biochem Laboratory Emile Roux Hospital, Limeil-Brévannes, France.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pailla
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: De Bandt
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aussel
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Giboudeau
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Troupel
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cynober
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Blonde-Cynober
mesh_terms: D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid / Q000032:analysis; D000090:Acetoacetates / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D002210:Caprylates / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003470:Culture Media; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000032:analysis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007651:Keto Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D007657:Ketone Bodies / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000090:Acetoacetates; D002210:Caprylates; D003470:Culture Media; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D015850:Interleukin-6; D007651:Keto Acids; D007657:Ketone Bodies; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C016635:acetoacetic acid; C013082:alpha-ketoisocaproic acid; C031492:octanoic acid; D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid