title: Prognostic factors in clinical stage I nonseminomatous germ cell testicular tumors: rationale for different risk-adapted treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Surveillance after orchiectomy alone becomes popular for the management of clinical stage I nonseminomatous germ cell testicular tumours (CS I NSGCTT). Effort to identify patients at high risk of relapse leads to searching prognostic factors of CS I NSGCTT. The aim of this study was to identify those patients in whom a surveillance policy is less likely to be successful.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-two CS I NSGCTT patients were stratified to different risk-adapted therapeutic approaches according to histopathologic findings of primary tumor removed by inguinal orchiectomy. Eighteen patients (group A) with vascular invasion and majority of embryonal carcinoma component in the primary tumor were treated with adjuvant BEP chemotherapy. None of them experienced disease progression after a median follow-up period of 36 months after orchiectomy. Five patients (group B) with vascular invasion and the majority of teratomatous elements in the primary tumor have been followed up 56 months after orchiectomy. They were treated with primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND). Two of them (40%) had pathologic stage II after RPLND and underwent subsequent chemotherapy. One of them died due to disease progression 29 months following orchiectomy. Another one lives with no evidence of disease (NED). Three patients in pathologic stage I are alive with NED. Forth-nine patients (group C) without vascular invasion have been followed up for a median duration of 37 months after orchiectomy. They were kept under close surveillance, consisted of regular follow-up with tumor markers, chest x-ray and CT of the retroperitoneum. Disease progression was observed in 7 (14.3%) patients after a median duration of 8 months after orchiectomy. They were treated with BEP chemotherapy and live with disease-free median survival of 22 months after completion of therapy. The overall survival rate of all 72 patients was 98.6%. The median survival for all patients was 37 months (range 7-73).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors will continue to use surveillance policy only in patients without vascular invasion in the primary tumor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Comenius University Medical School, Dérer Memorial Hospital. Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ondrus
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Matoska
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Belan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kausitz
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Goncalves
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hornák
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018237:Germinoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009919:Orchiectomy; D011379:Prognosis; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*