title: Beneficial effects of FK409, a novel nitric oxide donor, on reperfusion injury of rat liver.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nitric oxide (NO) seems to play an important role in modulating tissue injury during reperfusion of the liver. In this study, we have evaluated and compared the effects of FK409 (FK), a potent spontaneous NO releaser, and L-arginine in ischemia-reperfusion injury of the rat liver.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 90 min of hepatic ischemia followed by reperfusion. FK or L-arginine was used (intravenously) in two different doses for each drug (group I, 3.2 mg/kg FK; group II, 1.6 mg/kg FK; group IV, 100 mg/kg L-arginine; and group V, 300 mg/kg L-arginine). Saline was used in control animals (group III). Hepatic enzyme status, microcirculation, serum nitrite (NO2-) and nitrate (NO3-) and tissue injury score were evaluated at predetermined times.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum NO2-/NO3- was elevated immediately by FK treatment dose-dependently but not by L-arginine. However, L-arginine caused late (6-24 hr) elevation of the NO metabolites dose-dependently. The elevation of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase was suppressed and hepatic microcirculation was improved in the FK-treated groups dose-dependently. L-Arginine also improved the microcirculation, but hepatic enzymes at 24 hr of reperfusion were significantly higher in group V than in the control group. These findings were well reflected by the extent of tissue injury in respective groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FK treatment in the immediate reperfusion period improves hepatic microcirculation and confers a significant protective effect on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Shimane Medical University, Izumo, Japan. nigeka33@shimane-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohmori
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Dhar
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Masumura
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nagasue
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D009574:Nitro Compounds; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C061872:FK 409; D001120:Arginine