title: Latanoprost treatment for glaucoma: effects of treating for 1 year and of switching from timolol. United States Latanoprost Study Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the efficacy and safety of latanoprost treatment for 1 year in glaucoma patients, and to evaluate the effects of switching from timolol to latanoprost therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Latanoprost 0.005% was topically applied once daily without masking for 6 months in 223 patients with elevated intraocular pressure after previous treatment with latanoprost once daily or 0.5% timolol twice daily for 6 months in a multicenter, randomized, double-masked, parallel group study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with baseline values before treatment, a significant (P < .0001) diurnal reduction in intraocular pressure of 6 to 8 mm Hg was maintained with minimal fluctuation for the duration of treatment. When treatment was switched from timolol to latanoprost, intraocular pressure was reduced by 1.5 +/- 0.3 mm Hg (mean +/- SEM; 8% change in intraocular pressure; 31% of the intraocular pressure reduction produced by timolol; P < .001) compared with the change in intraocular pressure in patients remaining on latanoprost therapy. Of the patients initially enrolled, 95% successfully completed treatment. There was a slight overall increase in conjunctival hyperemia in patients who switched from timolol to latanoprost, but no change in those who continued latanoprost. The timolol-induced reduction of resting heart rate returned to baseline levels after switching to latanoprost. Of the 247 patients treated with latanoprost during the masked and/or open-label studies, 12 (5%) demonstrated a definite (n = 4) or possible (n = 8) increase in iris pigmentation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Latanoprost is a well-tolerated ocular hypotensive agent that appears to be more effective than timolol in reducing intraocular pressure. The increase in iris pigmentation appears to be harmless but requires further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha 68198-5540, USA. cbcamras@mail.unmc.edu
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Camras
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Wax
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ritch
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Weinreb
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Robin
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Higginbotham
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lustgarten
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sherwood
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Krupin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wilensky
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Cioffi
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Schumer
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Kaufman
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Minckler
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stjernschantz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005127:Eye Color / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D000077338:Latanoprost; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009798:Ocular Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011461:Prostaglandins F, Synthetic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012449:Safety; D013999:Timolol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011461:Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; D000077338:Latanoprost; D013999:Timolol