title: Randomised trial of glutamine-enriched enteral nutrition on infectious morbidity in patients with multiple trauma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with multiple trauma. Studies in both animals and human beings have suggested that glutamine-enriched nutrition decreases the number of infections.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with multiple trauma with an expected survival of more than 48 h, and who had an Injury Severity Score of 20 or more, were randomly allocated glutamine supplemented enteral nutrition or a balanced, isonitrogenous, isocaloric enteral-feeding regimen along with usual care. Each patient was assessed every 8 h for infection, the primary endpoint. Data were analysed both per protocol, which included enteral feeding for at least 5 days, and by intention to treat.
  
  
  RESULTS
  72 patients were enrolled and 60 received enteral feeding (29 glutamine-supplemented) for at least 5 days. Five (17%) of 29 patients in the glutamine-supplemented group had pneumonia compared with 14 (45%) of 31 patients in the control group (p<0.02). Bacteraemia occurred in two (7%) patients in glutamine group and 13 (42%) in the control group (p<0.005). One patient in the glutamine group had sepsis compared with eight (26%) patients in the control group (p<0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a low frequency of pneumonia, sepsis, and bacteraemia in patients with multiple trauma who received glutamine-supplemented enteral nutrition. Larger studies are needed to investigate whether glutamine-supplemented enteral nutrition reduces mortality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Free University Hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Houdijk
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Rijnsburger
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.forename: R I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Wesdorp
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: McCamish
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Teerlink
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Meuwissen
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Haarman
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Thijs
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: van Leeuwen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001120:Arginine / Q000097:blood; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000453:epidemiology; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology; D004750:Enteral Nutrition / Q000379:methods*; D005973:Glutamine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D007902:Length of Stay; D008875:Middle Aged; D009104:Multiple Trauma / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D005973:Glutamine; D001120:Arginine