title: [Total androgen blockade--concept, theory, method and clinical application].
abstract: There can be seen many investigations to examine the effects and benefits of total androgen blockade (TAB), combining an antiandrogen with surgical castration or a LH-RH analogue, for advanced prostate cancer. This review summarizes the concept, theory, method and clinical application of TAB. The concept of TAB was supported by reports that show a survival advantage using the combined blockade over LH-RH analogue alone. The theory of TAB proposes that suppression of all androgen production, adrenal and testicular androgen, should result in a better response than standard hormonal management such as castration and/or estrogens. In Japan, Chlormadinone acetate (100 mg twice daily) or Flutamide (375 mg three times daily) is orally administered and Leuprorelin acetate (3.75 mg every 4 weeks) or Goserelin acetate (3.6 mg every 4 weeks) is administered by hypodermic injection. There have been unresolved controversies surrounding this therapeutic modality, therefore future studies should help to define the role of TAB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Nara Medical University.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozono
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirao
mesh_terms: D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002715:Chlormadinone Acetate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005485:Flutamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017273:Goserelin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D016729:Leuprolide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D009376:Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / Q000628:therapy*; D009919:Orchiectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D017273:Goserelin; D002715:Chlormadinone Acetate; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D005485:Flutamide; D016729:Leuprolide