title: Phase I and pharmacologic study of estramustine phosphate and short infusions of paclitaxel in women with solid tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to determine the tolerance of estramustine phosphate (EMP) combined with a 3-hour paclitaxel infusion in women with solid paclitaxel-pretreated solid tumors. Paclitaxel pharmacology was to be studied at the recommended phase II dose.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paclitaxel was administered to cohorts of at least three assessable patients at doses of 150, 180, 210, and 225 mg/m2, while EMP was given at 900 and 1,200 mg/m2/d in divided doses orally for 2 days preceding and on the day of paclitaxel. The pharmacologic study was performed at 225 mg/m2 paclitaxel given in the absence and 3 weeks later in the presence of EMP 900 mg/m2/d.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-eight patients received a total of 178 courses. Grade 3 nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea were common at EMP 1,200 mg/m2 and paclitaxel 225 mg/ m2; this was considered the maximum-tolerated dose. Since these toxicities appeared related to EMP, the pharmacologic study used a dose of 900 mg/m2 of this agent with 225 mg/m2 paclitaxel. Antitumor activity was documented against breast and ovarian cancers at all levels. Paclitaxel pharmacokinetics without and with EMP did not differ.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EMP 900 mg/m2 for 3 days and 225 mg/m2 paclitaxel by 3-hour infusion are well tolerated; antitumor activity was seen in women with paclitaxel-pretreated solid tumors. This apparent enhancement of antitumor effects is unlikely to be mediated by P-glycoprotein.
authors.affiliation: University of Southern California-Norris Cancer Center and the School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Keren-Rosenberg
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Parimoo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jeffers
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Koda
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Muggia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004961:Estramustine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D004961:Estramustine; D017239:Paclitaxel