title: Two 2-hydroxy-3-alkyl-1,4-naphthoquinones with in vitro and in vivo activities against Toxoplasma gondii.
abstract: Two 3-alkyl-substituted 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinones, NSC 113452 (NSC52) and NSC 113455 (NSC55), were evaluated for activity against Toxoplasma gondii in vitro and in murine models of acute toxoplasmosis. In vitro, both NSC52 and NSC55 significantly inhibited intracellular replication of T. gondii. In vivo, each compound was examined alone and in combination with other drugs currently used for treatment of human toxoplasmosis. Although none of the compounds protected mice against death when administered orally, both were significantly protective when administered intraperitoneally. In addition, a significant increase in survival was observed when suboptimal doses of each compound were used in combination with suboptimal doses of pyrimethamine or sulfadiazine. These results indicate that combinations of NSC52 or NSC55 with pyrimethamine or sulfadiazine have promising activity against T. gondii.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Research Institute, Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Palo Alto, California 94301, USA.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nasr
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Araujo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009285:Naphthoquinones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000187:drug effects*; D014124:Toxoplasmosis, Animal / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D009285:Naphthoquinones