title: [Treatment of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis with pentamidine isothionate].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The mucocutaneous form of New World cutaneous leishmaniasis is caused, theoretically, by Leishmania (viannia) braziliensis. Pentad valency antimonic compounds are widely used for treatment of New World cutaneous leishmaniasis. The rate of recurrence is often high when these drugs are used for mucocutaneous forms. Pentamidine has been considered as a second line treatment although little data is available.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen patients with mucocutaneous leishmaniasis were treated with pentamidine isothionate, 4 mg/kg every 48 hours. A complete oto-rhino-laryngological examination was performed once a week to determine the course of the lesions. Treatment was discontinued when the lesions healed. A follow-up oto-rhinolaryngological examination was also performed after treatment withdrawal and every three months thereafter for an undetermined period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lesions healed with pentamidine isothionate in 16 patients (94%). Mean dosage required was 2872 mg (2025-4320 mg) for a mean treatment duration of 22 days (12-32 days). Mean follow-up was 13.3 months (3-37 months). Leishmaniasis relapsed in one patient 4 months after treatment withdrawal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pentamidine isothionate is an effective treatment for mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, providing cure with a low rate of recurrence.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Amato
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Amato
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nicodemo
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Uip
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Amato-Neto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Duarte
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007892:Leishmania braziliensis / Q000187:drug effects*; D007897:Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010419:Pentamidine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D010419:Pentamidine