title: Inhibition of in vitro endosomal vesicle fusion activity by aminoglycoside antibiotics.
abstract: The effects of two aminoglycoside antibiotics, neomycin and Geneticin, on the endocytic pathway were studied using a cell-free assay that reconstitutes endosome-endosome fusion. Both drugs inhibit the rate and extent of endosome fusion in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 values of approximately 45 microM and approximately 1 mM, respectively. Because the IC50 for neomycin falls within the range of affinities reported for its binding to acidic phospholipids, notably phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), these data suggest that negatively charged lipids are required for endosome fusion. A role for negatively charged lipids in membrane traffic has been postulated to involve the activity of a PIP2-dependent phospholipase D (PLD) stimulated by the GTP-binding protein ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF). Although neomycin blocks endosome fusion at a stage of the in vitro reaction that is temporally related to steps inhibited by cytosolic ARFs when they bind guanosine-5'-gamma-thiophosphate (GTPgammaS), these inhibitors appear to act in a synergistic manner. This idea is confirmed by the fact that addition of a PIP2-independent PLD does not suppress neomycin inhibition of endosome fusion; moreover, in vitro fusion activity is not affected by the pleckstrin homology domain of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C delta1, which binds to acidic phospholipids, particularly PIP2, with high affinity. Thus, although aminoglycoside-sensitive elements of endosome fusion are required at mechanistic stages that are also blocked by GTPgammaS-bound ARF, these effects are unrelated to inhibition of the PIP2-dependent PLD activity stimulated by this GTP-binding protein. These results argue that there are additional mechanistic roles for acidic phospholipids in the endosomal pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wessling-Resnick
mesh_terms: D020727:ADP-Ribosylation Factors; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D011992:Endosomes / Q000187:drug effects*; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009355:Neomycin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019269:Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D010739:Phospholipase D / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005839:Gentamicins; D019269:Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate; D010739:Phospholipase D; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D020727:ADP-Ribosylation Factors; D009355:Neomycin