title: Relationship of nm23 to proteolytic factors, proliferation and motility in breast cancer tissues and cell lines.
abstract: Low expression of the antimetastatic gene nm23 has been associated with shorter overall survival in breast cancer. To better understand the mechanism(s) of action of this protein, we compared the levels of the nm23 protein in 152 breast cancer samples with other factors known to be involved in metastasis or related to prognosis. There was no significant relationship between either of the nm23 isoforms and cathepsin D (Cat-D), urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), its inhibitor (PAI-1), steroid hormone receptors or ploidy status. A marginal inverse correlation was observed between per cent S-phase and nm23-H1 expression (r = -0.193, P = 0.047) and a positive correlation was observed between uPA receptor (uPAR) and both nm23-H1 (r = 0.263, P = 0.0018) and nm23-H2 (r = 0.230, P = 0.0064). The nm23-H1 gene was transfected into MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells and 12 clones were selected, of which two were characterized extensively. We found no significant differences in Cat-D, uPA, PAI-1 or uPAR, as a function of nm23 expression in either the MDA-MB-231 cells or the transfected clones. Compared with the parent cell line, we did observe a dose-dependent decrease in growth factor-stimulated motility and a decrease in metastatic potential in two clones with four- and eightfold elevated nm23-H1 expression, whereas the proliferative activities were similar. We conclude that the decreased metastatic potential might be related to down-regulation of growth factor-stimulated motility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1072, USA.
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kantor
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Geisinger
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zbieranski
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Townsend
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shelton
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Brünner
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Kute
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D002403:Cathepsins / Q000378:metabolism; D002455:Cell Division; D002465:Cell Movement; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D020559:Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins; D054778:NM23 Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinases; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009701:Nucleoside-Diphosphate Kinase; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011987:Receptors, Steroid / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000378:metabolism; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D054778:NM23 Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinases; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D011987:Receptors, Steroid; D014157:Transcription Factors; C517938:NME1 protein, human; C517939:Nme1 protein, mouse; D009701:Nucleoside-Diphosphate Kinase; D002403:Cathepsins; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator; D020559:Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins