title: Strong regional links between socio-economic background factors and disability and mortality in Oslo, Norway.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study geographical differences in mortality and disability and socio-economic status in Oslo, Norway.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 25 local authority districts within the city of Oslo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis of age adjusted mortality rates aged 0-74 in the period 1991-1994, and cross sectional data on disability pensioners aged 50-66 and socio-economic indicators (low education, single parenthood, unemployment, high income) in 1994.
  
  
  METHODS
  The levels of correlation between the health outcomes (mortality and disability) and socio-economic exposure variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The geographical patterns of mortality and disability display substantial similarities and show strong linear correlation with area measures of socio-economic deprivation. The ratios between the highest and lowest area mortality rates were 3.3 for men and 2.1 for women, while the high-low ratios of disability were 7.0 for men and 3.8 for women. For women deprivation measures are better correlated with disability than mortality. While disability and mortality display similar correlations with deprivation measures for men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The social gradients in health are substantial in Oslo. Further ecological analysis of cause specific morbidity and mortality and the distribution of risk factors ought to be done to identify problem areas suitable for interventions. However, to understand the mechanisms and the relative importance of each etiological factor, studies based on individual data have to be performed.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Preventive Medicine, Ullevaal Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rognerud
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Krüger
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gjertsen
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Thelle
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric