title: Mechanisms and functional significance of a slow inhibitory potential in neurons of the lateral amygdala.
abstract: A slow inhibitory potential (sIP) elicited upon synaptic activation in spiny, pyramidal-like cells with properties indicative of projection neurons was investigated in slices of the rat and guinea-pig lateral amygdala in vitro. The sIP succeeded the triphasic sequence of excitatory and fast/slow inhibitory postsynaptic potentials mediated via glutamate and GABA(A/B) receptors, respectively, was readily evoked upon repetitive stimulation of the external capsule and appeared to terminate epileptiform burst discharges during pharmacologically reduced GABAergic influence. The sIP reversed close to the Cl- equilibrium potential, but was not affected by altered transmembrane Cl- gradients and not abolished by antagonists to ligand-gated Cl- channels. Intracellular injection of QX 314 and resulting blockade of sodium spikes had no effect, whereas the Ca2+ chelator BAPTA blocked the sIP concomitantly with slow hyperpolarizing afterpotentials following intrinsically generated spike firing, thereby indicating the contribution of Ca2+-dependent mechanisms secondary to synaptic activation. During action of BAPTA and QX 314, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated potential was unmasked, which contributed to the sIP. The Ca2+-dependent mechanisms of the sIP involved a membrane K+ conductance, as was indicated by the dependence on the K+ gradient and the shift of the reversal potential towards the K+ equilibrium potential during blocked NMDA receptors. During the presence of GABA receptor antagonists, reduction of the Ca2+-activated K+ conductance through injection of BAPTA or application of dopamine induced a gradual shift of interictal-like single bursts of spikes towards the generation of re-occurring ictal-like activity. It is concluded that pyramidal-like projection cells in the AL can generate a sIP upon synaptic activation, which reflects the combined activation of an NMDA receptor-mediated cation current and a K+ current that is secondary to the rise in intracellular Ca2+ concentration resulting from the preceding depolarizing response. The sIP may play an important role in controlling excitatory activity in the amygdala, particularly in preventing the transformation of interictal-like activity towards recurrent epileptic discharges during periods of decreased GABAergic influence.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Physiologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Danober
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Pape
mesh_terms: D000679:Amygdala / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology; D018118:Chloride Channels / Q000502:physiology; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000503:physiopathology; D018846:Excitatory Amino Acids / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018080:Receptors, GABA-B / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013569:Synapses / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018118:Chloride Channels; D018846:Excitatory Amino Acids; D015221:Potassium Channels; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A; D018080:Receptors, GABA-B; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D002118:Calcium