title: Development of phantoms for spiral CT.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper reports on the development of a new phantom for spiral CT. The phantom meets the increased demands on phantom z-axis uniformity in order that objects from the CT slice, immediately above and below the CT slice of interest, do not contribute perturbing information to the reconstructed CT slice.
  
  
  METHODS
  The phantom depends on formulation of tissue-like materials that can be cast and produced in both geometric and anthropomorphic shapes with sufficient z-axis length to enable unperturbed CT slices of test objects of interest. These materials are then used to produce a series of test objects of CT image quality including low contrast samples that do not require volume averaging or mixing of solutions, and that can reflect sub-slice thickness test objects and supra-slice thickness test objects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall phantom and its individual test objects provides meaningful tests of spiral CT image quality including slice sensitivity, CT number linearity and tests of high and low contrast resolution. Schematic designs and actual CT scans are shown.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The new spiral phantom appears to meet the increased demands of spiral CT on phantom design, particularly z-axis length, and requirements for low contrast resolution test objects.
authors.affiliation: The George Washington University, Department of Radiology, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Goodenough
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kasales
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003287:Contrast Media; D004867:Equipment Design; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011095:Polyethylenes; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003287:Contrast Media; D011095:Polyethylenes; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene