title: Characterization of CMIX, a chicken homeobox gene related to the Xenopus gene mix.1.
abstract: Members of the TGFbeta, Wnt and FGF families act in concert to induce and pattern the mesoderm of gastrulating embryos. Downstream effectors for these growth factors include homeobox proteins, which also feed back to activate and repress upstream signaling pathways (e.g. Fainsod, A., Steinbeisser, H., De Robertis, E.M. 1994. On the function of BMP-4 in patterning the marginal zone of the Xenopus embryo. EMBO J. 13, 5015-5025; Carnac, G., Kodjabachian, L., Gurdon, J.B., Lemaire, P. 1996. The homeobox gene Siamois is a target of the Wnt dorsalization pathway and triggers organizer activity in the absence of mesoderm. Development 122, 3055-3065). As well as having interwoven upstream and downstream regulatory pathways Mix.1, siamois and goosecoid, all paired-type homeobox genes, may physically interact with each other as heterodimers to regulate dorsal-ventral polarity (Mead, P.E., Brivanlou, I.H., Kelley, C.M., Zon, L.I. 1996. BMP-4 responsive regulation of dorsal-ventral patterning by the homeobox protein Mix.1. Nature 382, 357-360). We report here a chicken paired-type homeobox gene, CMIX, with a homeodomain having 72% aa identity to its nearest homolog, Xenopus Mix.1. CMIX is expressed in the epiblast of the posterior marginal zone of early chick embryos, and later along the entire anterior-posterior axis of the primitive streak in cells of the medial ectoderm, in nascent mesoderm, but not in endoderm. Coincident with formation of prechordal mesoderm, CMIX mRNA levels rapidly decline throughout the embryo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. fpeale@gene.com
authors.forename: F V
authors.initials: FV
authors.lastname: Peale
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sugden
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bothwell
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D030161:Avian Proteins; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002645:Chickens / Q000235:genetics*; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000378:metabolism; D047108:Embryonic Development; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D005801:Genes, Homeobox / Q000235:genetics*; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014981:Xenopus / Q000235:genetics*; D029867:Xenopus Proteins
chemical_list: D030161:Avian Proteins; C116550:CMIX protein, chicken; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C100368:Mix1 protein, Xenopus; D029867:Xenopus Proteins