title: Is laparoscopic sonography a reliable and sensitive procedure for staging colorectal cancer? A comparative study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laparoscopic colectomy has developed rapidly with the explosion of technology. In most cases, laparoscopic resection is performed for colorectal cancer. Intraoperative staging during laparoscopic procedure is limited. Laparoscopic ultrasonography (LUS) represents the only real alternative to manual palpation during laparoscopic surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of LUS in comparison with preoperative staging and laparoscopy in 33 patients with colorectal cancer. Preoperative staging included abdominal US, CT, and endoscopic US (for rectal cancer). Laparoscopy and LUS were performed in all cases. Pre- and intraoperative staging were related to definitive histology. Staging was done according to the TNM classification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LUS obtained good results in the evaluation of hepatic metastases, with a sensitivity of 100% versus 62.5% and 75% by preoperative diagnostic means and laparoscopy, respectively. Nodal metastases were diagnosed with a sensitivity of 94% versus 18% with preoperative staging and 6% with laparoscopy, but the method had a low specificity (53%). The therapeutic program was changed thanks to laparoscopy and LUS in 11 cases (33%). In four cases (12%), the planned therapeutic approach was changed after LUS alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results obtained in this study demonstrate that LUS is an accurate and highly sensitive procedure in staging colorectal cancer, providing a useful and reliable diagnostic tool complementary to laparoscopy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56100 Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Goletti
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Celona
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Galatioto
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Viaggi
authors.forename: P V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Lippolis
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pieri
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cavina
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D019160:Endosonography / Q000379:methods*; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000556:secondary*; D008297:Male; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011300:Preoperative Care; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity