title: Occipital lobe vascular malformations: prevalence of visual field deficits and prognosis after therapeutic intervention.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of visual field (VF) deficits in association with vascular malformations of the occipital lobe is not known, and the prognosis of the VF after therapeutic intervention has not been systematically documented.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the clinical records of 23 consecutive patients who were managed at a single institution during a 3-year period with intracranial vascular malformations extending within the anatomic borders of the occipital lobe. Lesion location and treatment rendered were correlated with formal VF testing performed before and after therapeutic intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-one of the 23 patients underwent treatment of their lesions. Treatment included resection after preoperative embolization (12 patients), resection alone (2 patients with arteriovenous malformations and 3 patients with cavernous malformations), and stereotactic radiosurgery (4 patients; preceded by embolization in 3 of the 4). One patient was followed expectantly, and another died as a result of hemorrhage soon after undergoing endovascular embolization. The VFs were assessed before and after therapeutic intervention (follow-up assessment, 2-29 mo). New VF deficits or worsening of preexisting VF deficits were documented in 5 of the 21 treated patients (24%), but only 2 of these patients (9.5%) had persistent deficits at the time of their follow-up examinations. Among the 10 patients with pretreatment VF deficits, 5 improved and the other 5 were unchanged after treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with occipital lobe vascular malformations frequently present with associated VF deficits. Surgical resection or stereotactic radiosurgery (with or without previous embolization) of these lesions can be performed with little risk of causing new VF deficits or worsening of preexisting ones. Many VF deficits can be expected to improve or resolve after therapy.
authors.affiliation: The Yale Cerebrovascular Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bartolomei
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Wecht
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chaloupka
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fayad
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Awad
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009778:Occipital Lobe / Q000098:blood supply*; D011379:Prognosis; D016634:Radiosurgery; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology*