title: Myocardial lactate extraction during repeated fibrillation/defibrillation episodes in defibrillator implantation testing.
abstract: Intraoperative testing with several fibrillation/defibrillation episodes (FDEs) is routinely performed during defibrillator implantation. Testing is considered safe even in patients with severe cardiac impairment, provided the recovery timespans and number of FDEs are adapted to the individual patient. Myocardial lactate extraction (MLE) was examined in two testing protocols. In 30 patients with coronary artery disease defibrillator implantations were performed under intravenous anesthesia. A percutaneous catheter was positioned into the coronary sinus (CS) underfluoroscopy. Two groups were randomly formed: group A (n = 20, mean number of FDEs: 4.2/patient) with 2 minutes waiting time between FDEs, and group B (n = 10, mean number of FDEs 4.1/patients) with 10 minutes between FDEs. Defibrillation pulses were released 15 seconds after T wave shock induced fibrillation. To estimate MLE, arterial and CS blood samples were collected before and after each FDE. After the last FDE, samples were obtained after 5, 10, and up to 20 minutes. In group A, MLE fell from a baseline value of 29.6% +/- 3.6% before the FDEs to 7.8% +/- 5.4% immediately after the episodes. MLE recovered to 27.2% +/- 6.5% within 1 minute and overshot to 35.6% +/- 5.8% within 5 minutes. In group B, MLE decreased from 37.6% +/- 7.5% to 15.1% +/- 8.1% immediately after each FDE and rose to its original value (33.6 +/- 7.8) within the 5-minute recovery period. MLE decreased immediately after each FDE, and recovered within 1 minute even in poor left ventricular function. For full MLE recovery a 2-minute wait between episodes is sufficient, if the total number of FDEs does not exceed four.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Essen, School of Medicine, Germany. ulrich.wolfhard@uni-essen.de
authors.forename: U F
authors.initials: UF
authors.lastname: Wolfhard
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brinkmann
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Splittgerber
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Knocks
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sack
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Piotrowski
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schieffer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Günnicker
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid