title: Temporal activation of p70 S6 kinase and Akt1 by insulin: PI 3-kinase-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
abstract: Several studies have suggested that activation of p70 ribosomal S6 kinase (p70 S6 kinase) by insulin may be mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase)-Akt pathway. However, by temporal analysis of the activation of each kinase in L6 muscle cells, we report that the activation of the two serine/threonine kinases (Akt and p70 S6 kinase) can be dissociated. Insulin stimulated p70 S6 kinase in intact cells in two phases. The first phase (5 min) of stimulation was fully inhibited by wortmannin (IC50 = 20 nM) and LY-294002 (full inhibition at 5 microM). After this early inhibition, p70 S6 kinase was gradually stimulated by insulin in the presence of 100 nM wortmannin. After 30 min, the stimulation was 65% of the maximum attained in the absence of wortmannin. The IC50 of wortmannin for inhibition of this second phase was approximately 150 nM. In contrast, activation of Akt1 by insulin was completely inhibited by 100 nM wortmannin at all time points investigated. Inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase kinase with PD-098059 (10 microM) or treatment with the protein kinase C inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide (10 microM) had no effect on the late phase of insulin stimulation of p70 S6 kinase. We have previously shown that GLUT-1 protein synthesis in these cells is stimulated by insulin via the mTOR-p70 S6 kinase pathway, based on its sensitivity to rapamycin. We therefore investigated whether the signals leading to GLUT-1 synthesis correlated with the early or late phase of stimulation of p70 S6 kinase. GLUT-1 synthesis was not inhibited by wortmannin (100 nM). In summary, insulin activates p70 ribosomal S6 kinase in L6 muscle cells by two mechanisms, one dependent on and one independent of the activation of PI 3-kinase. In addition, activation of Akt1 is fully inhibited by wortmannin, suggesting that Akt1 does not participate in the late activation of p70 S6 kinase. Wortmannin-sensitive PI 3-kinases and Akt1 are not required for insulin stimulation of GLUT-1 protein biosynthesis.
authors.affiliation: Programme in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Somwar
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sumitani
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Taha
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sweeney
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Klip
mesh_terms: D000730:Androstadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D002999:Clone Cells; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D006706:Homeostasis; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007700:Kinetics; D008301:Maleimides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008954:Models, Biological; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000201:enzymology*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D051381:Rats; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors; D000077191:Wortmannin
chemical_list: D000730:Androstadienes; D002867:Chromones; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D007211:Indoles; D007328:Insulin; D008301:Maleimides; D009025:Morpholines; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases; D020123:Sirolimus; D000077191:Wortmannin; C085911:2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; C494920:Akt1 protein, rat; C088060:bisindolylmaleimide; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one