title: Marginal integrity and postoperative sensitivity in Class 2 resin composite restorations in vivo.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Problems that may arise in resin composite Class 2 restorations include microleakage and postoperative sensitivity. However, limited in-vivo research is conducted to evaluate these processes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess postoperative sensitivity, microleakage and the pooling of adhesives in relation to Class 2 box-type composite restorations placed in vivo using various adhesive systems and application techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and forty-four Class 2 box restorations were placed in the mesial and distal surfaces of 72 premolar teeth in-vivo using one of three combinations of adhesive systems and three filling techniques. After 6 weeks of clinical service postoperative sensitivity was recorded. The teeth were then extracted, immersed in a dye solution and sectioned. Microleakage and pooling of the adhesive was recorded. Statistical analysis involved logistic regression and chi2 tests to identify differences between groups at p < 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 144 restorations, 65 showed minimal cervical leakage in enamel, 5 suffered leakage into dentin and 74 were free of microleakage. No statistically significant differences were found in cervical microleakage between the adhesive systems or between filling procedures. Occlusal microleakage in the enamel was present in 16 of the 160 restorations. Liner Bond 2 restorations leaked significantly more at the occlusal surface (p < 0.05). Pooling of the adhesive was significantly less when PhotoBond was used. No spontaneous postoperative sensitivity was reported. Twenty-eight restorations were sensitive to loading. Postoperative sensitivity was significantly less in patients with Liner Bond 2 restorations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The adhesive systems used in this study showed minimal leakage into dentin in vivo. Using Liner Bond 2, restorations exhibited more occlusal leakage but were significantly less sensitive to loading.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cariology and Endodontology, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands. n.opdam@dent.kun.nl
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Opdam
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Roeters
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Feilzer
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Verdonschot
mesh_terms: D000269:Adhesives / Q000737:chemistry; D000293:Adolescent; D001641:Bicuspid; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry*; D003737:Dental Cavity Preparation; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D018772:Dental Marginal Adaptation; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000145:classification / Q000379:methods; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003807:Dentin Sensitivity / Q000209:etiology*; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D019237:Tooth Cervix / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D000269:Adhesives; C112274:Clearfil Liner Bond 2; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003188:Composite Resins; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D008689:Methacrylates; D019279:Resin Cements; C074669:Clearfil Photo Bond