title: Genetic polymorphism of debrisoquine (CYP2D6) and proguanil (CYP2C19) in South Pacific Polynesian populations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Genetic oxidation polymorphisms of debrisoquine (CYP2D6) and proguanil (CYP2C19) were studied in unrelated healthy South Pacific Polynesian volunteers recruited in the South Island of New Zealand.
  
  
  METHODS
  Phenotyping for CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 activities was determined using debrisoquine and proguanil, respectively, as probe drugs by measuring the urinary metabolic ratio of parent drug and its metabolite.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 100 Polynesian subjects phenotyped, the metabolic ratio of debrisoquine ranged from 0.01 to 9.94. Therefore, all South Pacific Polynesians were classified as extensive metabolizers of debrisoquine according to previously established criteria of the antimode. The prevalence of poor metabolizers of debrisoquine (CYP2D6) in this Polynesian population is 0% (95% confidence interval of 0-3.6%). Oxidation polymorphism of CYP2C19 using proguanil as a probe was also studied in 59 Polynesian volunteers. The frequency distribution of the proguanil/cycloguanil ratio was bimodal. The proguanil/cycloguanil ratios for these subjects ranged from 0.09 to 34.4. Using a recommended proguanil/cycloguanil ratio cut-off point of 10 established in Caucasian populations, eight Polynesian subjects were identified as poor metabolizers of proguanil (CYP2C19), which corresponds to a poor metabolizer phenotype frequency of 13.6% (a 95% confidence interval of 5.9-24.6%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of poor metabolizer phenotypes for debrisoquine (CYP2D6) in South Pacific Polynesians appears to lower than in Caucasian populations, while the prevalence of poor metabolizers for proguanil (CYP2C19) in this ethnic population is higher. The frequencies of the poor metabolizer phenotype for debrisoquine and also for proguanil in South Pacific Polynesians are similar to those reported in Asian populations.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. sompon.wanwimolruk@stonebow.otago.ac.nz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wanwimolruk
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhawan
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Coville
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chalcroft
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; D065731:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D003647:Debrisoquin / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011114:Polynesia; D002727:Proguanil / Q000378:metabolism*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; C045793:CYP2C19 protein, human; D065731:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6; D002727:Proguanil; D003647:Debrisoquin