title: Donor blood monocytes but not T or B cells facilitate long-term allograft survival after total lymphoid irradiation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies showed that a combination of posttransplant total lymphoid irradiation (TLI), rabbit antithymocyte globulin (ATG), and a single donor blood transfusion induced tolerance to ACI heart allografts in Lewis rats. All three modalities were required to achieve tolerance. The objective of the current study was to determine the subset(s) of cells in the donor blood that facilitated long-term allograft survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lewis hosts received TLI, ATG, and donor cell infusion after heart transplantation. Graft survival, mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR), and intragraft cytokine mRNA were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intravenous injection of 25 x 10(6) ACI peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) significantly prolonged graft survival as compared with that of Lewis hosts given TLI and ATG alone. Injection of highly enriched blood T cells or splenic B cells adjusted for the number contained in 25 x 10(6) PBMC failed to induce significant graft prolongation. Unexpectedly, depletion of monocytes (CD11b+ cells) from PBMC resulted in the loss of graft prolongation activity. Enriched populations of monocytes obtained by plastic adherence were more efficient in prolonging graft survival than PBMC on a per cell basis. Hosts with long-term grafts (>100-day survival) showed evidence of immune deviation, because the MLR to ACI stimulator cells was vigorous, but secretion of interferon-gamma in the MLR was markedly reduced. In situ hybridization studies of long-term grafts showed markedly reduced levels of interferon-gamma mRNA as compared with rejecting grafts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Infusion of donor monocytes facilitated graft prolongation via immune deviation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, California 94305-5111, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayamizu
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Huie
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Garcia-Ojeda
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Bloch
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fong
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Engleman
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Sibley
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Strober
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000961:Antilymphocyte Serum / Q000276:immunology; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000276:immunology*; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000276:immunology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008297:Male; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D010641:Phenotype; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000961:Antilymphocyte Serum; D007376:Interleukin-2; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma