title: Is community-based treatment an add-on or a substitution for hospital treatment of alcoholism? Some evidence from Canada.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study determined whether the development of community treatment of alcohol problems acted as an add-on or a substitution for the utilization of inpatient hospital services in Ontario.
  
  
  METHODS
  Complex modelling and graphic analyses using econometric multiple regression techniques were performed on data for the 48 counties of Ontario (Canada) for the period 1972 to 1988, combining both cross-sectional and time series analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After controlling for differences in alcohol consumption, in health care characteristics such as the supply of physicians or hospital occupancy rates, and in socioeconomic characteristics of the population, when community treatment became available, hospital utilization for the treatment of alcohol problems decreased and community services were substituting for hospital treatment. In addition, nonresidential services had an overall greater importance in producing this effect (elasticities at the mean of -0.11 to -0.14 depending on the region) than community-based residential treatment. The effect was larger in the southern than in the northern counties of Ontario. Testing of the modelling techniques showed statistically significant and satisfactory modelling of the forces at work.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Where community-based treatment was available, it was used in preference to inpatient hospital treatment; however, there may be a slightly more complex relationship present in the southern urban counties (which contain the larger metropolitan areas) than in the northern and southern rural counties..
authors.affiliation: Social Evaluation and Research Department, Addiction Research Foundation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adrian
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ferguson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dini
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000359:Aftercare / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000368:Aged; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D003156:Community Mental Health Services / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003196:Computer Graphics; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009864:Ontario / Q000453:epidemiology; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016320:Substance Abuse Treatment Centers / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014600:Utilization Review