title: Thermal lasers in urologic oncology.
abstract: Urology is a surgical specialty that relies heavily on the endoscopic approach for diagnosis and treatment of disease. Electrosurgical instruments have been the standard vehicle for endoscopic tumor ablation. Over the last 30 years a number of investigators have explored the use of the medical laser as either an alternative or an adjunct to standard electrosurgical techniques. The development of small caliber flexible and rigid endoscopic application. In addition, the potential for very limited and precise distribution of laser energy in targeted tissue is clinically appealing for endoscopic applications. In this article, we review the use of thermal laser in urologic oncology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo, USA.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Grafstein
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Selman
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D019723:Endoscopes; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation; D008297:Male; D009354:Neodymium; D018579:Patient Selection; D014565:Urogenital Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D009354:Neodymium