title: Therapist/patient race and sex matching: treatment retention and 9-month follow-up outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The current study was conducted to (a) replicate previous findings regarding the effect of patient/therapist race and sex-matching as this relates to the early dropout rate of substance abusers, and (b) to extend previous work by examining the impact of such matching on treatment retention and 9-month outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patient and therapist characteristics were crossed in a 2 x 2 factorial design. Matching effects were then tested using retrospective data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 967 African-American cocaine-dependent people.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study site was a university sponsored outpatient treatment facility located in an economically depressed section of a large Northeastern US city.
  
  
  METHODS
  Follow-up data were drawn from the Addiction Severity Index, the Risk for AIDS Behavior Inventory, and a questionnaire measuring post-discharge need for treatment, employment and education. Retention was defined as the number of days inclusive between the last date of service and the date of admission.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences in early dropout rates were found after initial contact with 10 different therapists. Matching therapist and patients with respect to gender and race did not decrease the premature dropout rate, but partial support for gender matching was noted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Matching therapist and substance abusing patients on gender and race may not be essential to improving retention and outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Sterling
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gottheil
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Weinstein
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Serota
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D010352:Patient Dropouts; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D044469:Racial Groups; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors