title: Female exposure to high G: effects of simulated combat sorties on cerebral and arterial O2 saturation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  One of the key factors in maintaining optimal cognitive performance in the high-G environment is the adequate delivery of oxygen to the cerebral tissue. As eye-level blood pressure is compromised at 22 mmHg x G(-1), perfusion to the peripheral cerebral tissues (cerebral cortex) may not be adequate to support the mental demands of flight. This study measured the effect of closed-loop flight simulations (3 min) on cerebral oxygen saturation changes (rSO2), arterial oxygen saturation (SAO2), and heart rate (HR), in both rested (8 h of rest) and sleepless (24 h without sleep) conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects (16; 8 males and 8 females) were subjected to G-exposures via closed-loop flight simulations in a series of four 3-min sorties flown by subjects on the Dynamic Environment Simulator (centrifuge) in either a rested or a sleepless state. Prior to the centrifuge flight, subjects were instrumented with sensors for measurement of arterial oxygen saturation (SAO2) and regional cerebral tissue oxygenation (rSO2). Subjects wore the standard flight suit, boots, CSU-13B/P anti-G suit, and the COMBAT EDGE positive-pressure breathing for G-protection system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant changes in cerebral and arterial oxygen saturation were observed within groups when comparing pretest baselines and minimum values during the test and pre- and post-G rSO2, SAO2, and HR in both the rested and sleepless state, (p # 0.01), respectively, for each group. Comparisons between groups showed women to have significantly smaller regional cerebral cortex oxygen decreases than men (p # 0.01). No significant changes in SAO2, however, were observed between groups. Both men and women showed a slow recovery of rSO2 values to the prebaseline levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sleeplessness had no effect on the rSO2, SAO2, and HR compared with the rested condition. During acceleration, regional cerebral tissue oxygen decreased 13% in men compared with 9% in women. The recovery of cerebral tissue oxygen levels to prebaseline values was retarded somewhat when compared with the recovery response of arterial oxygen saturation.
authors.affiliation: Systems Research Laboratories/Varidain, Dayton, OH, USA.
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Tripp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chelette
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Savul
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Widman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000337:Aerospace Medicine; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005676:Gravity Suits; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D018471:Hypergravity / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002534:Hypoxia, Brain / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel; D010092:Oximetry; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012146:Rest / Q000502:physiology; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000502:physiology; D014636:Valsalva Maneuver
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen