title: The influence of the concentration of volatile anesthetics on the stapedius reflex determined intraoperatively during cochlear implantation in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was, first, to determine the effect of the concentrations of volatile anesthetics (halothane and isoflurane) on the intraoperative elicited electrical stapedius reflex threshold (ESRT) and, second, to evaluate the relation between the ESRTs and postoperative C-levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective clinical study in a single subject design.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted at University Hospital Nijmegen, which is a tertiary care and cochlear implant center in The Netherlands.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population comprised 13 deaf children (6 males and 7 females) undergoing cochlear implantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In most of the children, increasing the concentration of volatile anesthetic agent resulted in higher stapedius reflex threshold. After correction for this effect, a good relation was found between ESRT and C-level in all children, except for one.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The outcome of this study supports the determination of intraoperative ESRTs for programming of the speech processor postsurgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Makhdoum
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Snik
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Stollman
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: de Grood
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van den Broek
mesh_terms: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019929:Cochlear Implantation; D003638:Deafness / Q000628:therapy*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D006221:Halothane / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012018:Reflex / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013198:Stapedius / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D007530:Isoflurane; D006221:Halothane