title: Proton beam irradiation of choroidal hemangiomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present a large series of choroidal hemangiomas treated with proton beam irradiation and to describe the treatment outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We treated 54 eyes of 53 patients with choroidal hemangioma. The lesions consisted of 48 circumscribed hemangiomas and six diffuse hemangiomas in patients with Sturge-Weber syndrome. The total applied dose was 27.3 Gy in four eyes, 22.7 Gy in three eyes, and 16.4 Gy to 18.2 Gy in 47 eyes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The retina reattached within six months after treatment in all 54 eyes and no recurrence of the secondary retinal detachment occurred within the follow-up period of 6 months to 9 years. Tumors treated with the higher doses regressed faster than tumors treated with the lower doses, but radiation-induced complications of the optic nerve appeared in all four eyes treated with a total dose of 27.3 Gy. Of 31 eyes treated with 16.4 to 18.2 Gy and followed for more than 1 year, 22 had an improvement in their visual acuity, and nine retained the same visual acuity. At the last follow-up examination, the best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 or better in nine eyes, 20/40 to 20/25 in 13 eyes, 20/100 to 20/50 in six eyes, and 20/200 or less in three eyes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Proton beam irradiation of choroidal hemangiomas appears to be a valid therapeutic alternative. A total proton dose ranging from 16.4 to 18.2 Gy applied in four daily fractions seems adequate to ensure local control of both tumor and secondary retinal detachment.
authors.affiliation: University Eye Clinic, Hôpital Jules Gonin, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zografos
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Egger
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bercher
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chamot
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Munkel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002830:Choroid Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018324:Hemangioma, Capillary / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009900:Optic Nerve / Q000528:radiation effects; D009901:Optic Nerve Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D011522:Protons / Q000009:adverse effects; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000209:etiology; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012163:Retinal Detachment / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013341:Sturge-Weber Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D011522:Protons