title: Comparison of percutaneous acetic acid injection and percutaneous ethanol injection for small hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether ultrasound (US)-guided percutaneous acetic acid injection is more effective than percutaneous ethanol injection in the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  sixty patients with 1 to 4 HCC smaller than 3 cm entered a randomized controlled trial from August 1993 to September 1995. Thirty one and 29 patients were treated by percutaneous acetic acid injection using 50% acetic acid and percutaneous ethanol injection using absolute ethanol, respectively. There were no significant differences in clinical characteristics and biochemical data between the two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All original tumors were treated successfully by the chosen therapy. However, local recurrence occurred in 8% of the 38 tumors treated with percutaneous acetic acid injection and 37% of the 35 tumors treated with percutaneous ethanol injection P>0.001). The 1- and 2-year survival rates were 100% and 92% with percutaneous acetic acid injection and 83% and 63% with percutaneous ethanol injection (p=0.0017). Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors revealed that treatment was an independent predictor of survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  percutaneous acetic acid injection is more effective than percutaneous ethanol injection.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Medicine, Saitama Medical School, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohnishi
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000628:therapy*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol; D019342:Acetic Acid