title: 4Pi-confocal imaging in fixed biological specimens.
abstract: By combining the wavefronts produced by two high-aperture lenses, two-photon 4Pi-confocal microscopy allows three-dimensional imaging of transparent biological specimens with axial resolution in the 100-140-nm range. We reveal the imaging properties of a two-photon 4Pi-confocal microscope as applied to a fixed cell. We demonstrate that a fast, linear point deconvolution suffices to achieve axially superresolved 3D images in the cytoskeleton. Furthermore, we describe stringent algorithms for alignment and control of the two lenses. We also show how to compensate for the effects of a potential refractive index mismatch of the mounting medium with respect to the immersion system.
authors.affiliation: High Resolution Optical Microscopy Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, D-37070 Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schrader
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bahlmann
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giese
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Hell
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D004867:Equipment Design; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology; D051379:Mice; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D017785:Photons; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology*
chemical_list: D000199:Actins