title: Growth factors in infant germinal matrix: relationship to extracellular matrix and cell adhesion molecules.
abstract: We examined the expression of selected growth factors, growth factor receptors, elements of extracellular matrix and cell adhesion molecules in the germinal matrix layer (GML) utilizing immunohistochemistry and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. At autopsy brain samples from 10 neonatal infants were used. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was significantly expressed in the matrix cells. While transforming growth factor alpha and heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor were found in the matrix cells or vascular wall as ligands, epidermal growth factor was not expressed. EGFR and its ligands are thought to be important factors for the maintenance of the matrix cells and cell-to-cell interactions. Insulin like growth factor I, its receptor Ibeta and tenascin were found in the stroma of the GML and periventricular region. Vascular endothelial growth factor and receptor Flk-1, laminin A and B2, fibronectin, collagen type IV and integrins such as beta3, alpha5beta1 and alphaVbeta3 were found mainly in or around the vascular wall indicating their important roles for vascularization. Transforming growth factor beta2 and its receptor II were expressed in the matrix cells and/or vascular wall suggesting a role in proliferation and/or regression of the vasculature. CD44 and Thy-1 were also expressed in the matrix cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, St. Mary's Hospital, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haratake
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
mesh_terms: D001344:Autopsy; D001921:Brain / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D017931:DNA Primers; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D017931:DNA Primers; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D006133:Growth Substances; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor