title: Angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene polymorphisms: relationship to nephropathy in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
abstract: Nephropathy is a frequent complication of long-term diabetes. Strong evidence exists that genetic predisposition plays a major role in the development of diabetic nephropathy. The role of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene (ACE) in the susceptibility to nephropathy in diabetes, especially in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), remains unclear. This study examines the association of two ACE polymorphisms: a 287-bp insertion/deletion (I/D) in intron 16 and PstI (A/G substitution in intron 7; alleles P/M) with renal complications in 941 NIDDM patients. From this group, for further analysis 127 patients were selected with overt proteinuria or chronic renal failure, 335 patients with microalbuminuria, and a control group of 254 normoalbuminuric patients with a diabetes duration of at least 10 yr. No significant differences in the distribution of ACE I/D and PstI genotypes or allele frequencies were observed between the examined groups. The results of this study strongly suggest that there is no association between the ACE gene I/D and PstI polymorphisms and nephropathy in NIDDM.
authors.affiliation: Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Silesian School of Medicine, Zabrze, Poland.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Grzeszczak
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Zychma
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lacka
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zukowska-Szczechowska
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000235:genetics; D000483:Alleles; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001483:Base Sequence; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A