title: Development of smokeless tobacco-induced oral mucosal lesions.
abstract: This study examined clinical and inflammatory mediator parameters during the development of snuff-induced mucosal lesions. Nineteen smokeless tobacco (ST) users placed moist snuff at designated new placement sites over either a 2- or 7-day period. By day 2, the predominant clinical alteration was an erythematous reaction, and one-third of the subjects demonstrated white striations in combination with erythema or ulceration. By 7 days, 56% of the subjects displayed white striated lesions. Tissue concentrations (pg/mg) of IL-1beta were 4.6+/-1.6 at new placement sites as compared with 0.7+/-0.4 at control sites (P<0.05). PGE2 and IL-1alpha concentrations also were significantly higher (P<0.05) at new placement sites as compared with control sites (9.4+/-2.2 vs 4.1+/-0.7 and 6.2+/-1.3 vs 3.2+/-0.7, respectively). In view of the recognized role of PGE2 and IL-1 in immune and inflammatory functions, these mediators may play a role in the pathogenesis of clinical alterations at ST placement sites.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics and Dows Institute for Dental Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA.
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Payne
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Fili
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Reinhardt
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Organ
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Slager
mesh_terms: D019377:12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D010947:Plants, Toxic; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D019377:12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid; D015232:Dinoprostone