title: Risk factors for intestinal microsporidiosis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection: a case-control study.
abstract: A prospective unmatched case-control study was conducted to determine risk factors for intestinal microsporidiosis in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who had < or = 200 CD4 cells/mm3. In multivariate analysis, case-patients (n = 30) were more likely than were control-subjects (n = 56) to have < or = 100 CD4 cells/mm3 (odds ratio [OR], 6.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1-42), to report male homosexual preference (OR, 7.6; 95% CI, 1-59.5), and to report swimming in a pool in the previous 12 months (OR, 9.2; 95% CI, 2.1-38.9). In summary, intestinal microsporidiosis in persons with HIV infection and < or = 200/mm3 CD4 cells is associated with male homosexuality and swimming in pools, suggesting fecal-oral transmission, including sexual and waterborne routes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Hutin
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Sombardier
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Liguory
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sarfati
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Derouin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Modaï
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Molina
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000469:parasitology / Q000635:transmission*; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007411:Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic / Q000097:blood / Q000469:parasitology / Q000635:transmission*; D008297:Male; D016816:Microsporida / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016881:Microsporidiosis / Q000097:blood / Q000469:parasitology / Q000635:transmission*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors