title: Accuracy and impact of presumed cause in patients with cardiac arrest.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  International guidelines recommend differentiation between cardiac and noncardiac causes of cardiac arrest. The aim of this study was to find the rate of agreement between primarily postulated and definitive causes of cardiac arrest.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We retrospectively analyzed the primarily presumed cause of cardiac arrest as determined by the emergency room physician on admission in all patients admitted to the emergency department of one urban tertiary care hospital. This was compared with the definitive cause as established by clinical evidence or autopsy. Within 4 years, the initially presumed cause was unclear in 24 (4%) of 593 patients. In the remaining 569 patients, the presumed cause was correct in 509 (89%) and wrong in 60 (11%) cases. Cardiac origin was presumed in 421 (71%) and the definitive cause in 408 (69%) cases. Noncardiac origin was presumed in 148 (25%) and the definitive cause in 185 (31%) patients. Presumed cardiac cause was sensitive (96%) but less specific (77%). Noncardiac causes such as pulmonary embolism, cerebral disorders, or exsanguination were those most frequently overlooked. Asystole occurred significantly more often in patients in whom presumed cause remained undetermined or differed from the definitive cause.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cause of cardiac arrest is not as easily recognized as anticipated, especially when the initial rhythm is different from ventricular fibrillation. This might affect comparability of study results, therapeutic strategies, prognosis, and outcome. Patients in whom the presumed cause was confirmed as being correct had significantly better survival and neurological outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, General Hospital of Vienna, University of Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kürkciyan
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Meron
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Behringer
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sterz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berzlanovich
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Domanovits
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Müllner
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Bankl
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Laggner
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D003951:Diagnostic Errors; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity