title: Image analysis assessment of testicular touch preparation cytologies effectively quantifies human spermatogenesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We have recently demonstrated that computer assisted image analysis of paraffin embedded testicular tissue based on deoxyribonucleic acid content and morphology characteristics is an effective method for the quantitative assessment of spermatogenesis. We assess the use of testicular touch preparation image analysis as a technique for quantification of spermatogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Air dried, touch imprints of testicular tissue from obstructed azoospermic and severely oligozoospermic patients were obtained at the time of biopsy. Image analysis using a filter based on deoxyribonucleic acid content and cellular morphological characteristics was performed on Feulgen stained touch preparation imprints as well as paraffin embedded sections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Image analysis of 52 testicular touch preparations from 48 azoospermic or severely oligozoospermic men revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) in the percentages of spermatid and spermatozoa, and 2N and 4N cells among seminiferous tubules exhibiting the 5 diagnostic categories of obstruction with normal spermatogenesis, maturation arrest at the spermatocyte stage, maturation arrest at spermatid stage, hypospermatogenesis and Sertoli cell only. Similar differences were observed in the image analysis data of the corresponding paraffin embedded testicular sections.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Computer assisted image analysis of testicular touch preparation is an effective quantitative method of spermatogenesis evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Abrams
authors.forename: L I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Lipschultz
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009845:Oligospermia / Q000473:pathology*; D013091:Spermatogenesis; D013737:Testis / Q000473:pathology*