title: The entropy generation in visual-pigment system by the absorption of light.
abstract: We first showed a general theory that reception of information from the outside in a receptor system is accompanied both by an inflow of entropy and by a generation of entropy depending on the reliability of the actual reception mechanism. Then, considering a case for the absorption of light by the visual-pigment system of visual cell, we calculated the time(t)-dependent change in the number N2(t) of excited visual-pigments to obtain the entropy increase. We thus arrived at the following four conclusions: (1) One or two photons can be detected with a reliability of at least 54%; (2) In compensation for this detection, entropy > 1.12 x log2 is generated; (3) An incident photon of frequency v from a ligh source of temperature Ts yields an entropy of hv/Ts; and (4) Depending on the characteristics of the visual-pigment system, another entropy being different from (2) is generated in proportion to N2(t).
authors.affiliation: Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. eito@sci.hokudai.ac.jp
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Komatsu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000465:Algorithms; D019277:Entropy; D008027:Light; D012168:Retinal Pigments / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D012168:Retinal Pigments