title: Posptneumonectomy empyema.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Postpneumonectomy empyema can be managed in many different ways, with variable results. In the presence of bronchopleural fistula treatment is much more complicated. The results of therapy of postpneumonectomy empyema managed by thoracomyoplasty and closure of the bronchial fistula by pedicled muscle flap are presented.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven hundred and seventy-eight pneumonectomies had been performed for bronchogenic carcinoma. Empyema occurred in 35 (4.5%) cases. There were 22 (62.8%) patients with associated bronchopleural fistula. Depending on their management, patients were divided into two groups: I: 15 patients managed with tube and/or open-window thoracostomy only, II: 20 patients who were treated with thoracomyoplasty, which meant the excision of the fibrotic thoracic wall, combined with the transposition of the pedicled muscle flap into the empyema. There was a need to resect three to four ribs. Eight patients had large bronchopleural fistulas. Before thoracomyoplasty was conducted, tube drainage ranged from 16 to 120 days (average 46.6 days), the open-window thoracostomy ranged from 27 days to 13 years (average 574 days).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only one patient from group I was cured, there were five (33.3%) deaths. Nineteen (95.0%) patients from group II were successfully cured. Eight large bronchial fistulas were closed by suturing the muscle flap into the fistula lumen. The length of hospitalisation ranged from 9 to 30 days (median 17.6). The mortality rate in this group was 0%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The excision of the thoracic wall combined with the transposition of the pedicled muscle flap is safe and effective in the management of postpneumonectomy empyema. Bronchopleural fistulae can be definitely closed by suturing the pedicled muscle flap into fistular lumen.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Gdañsk, Gdañsk ul. Dêbinki, Poland.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jadczuk
mesh_terms: D001983:Bronchial Fistula / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D002283:Carcinoma, Bronchogenic / Q000601:surgery; D016724:Empyema, Pleural / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D005402:Fistula / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010369:Pectoralis Muscles / Q000601:surgery; D010995:Pleural Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D011013:Pneumonectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D016896:Treatment Outcome