title: (-)Ephedrine and caffeine mutually potentiate one another's amphetamine-like stimulus effects.
abstract: Using rats trained to discriminate 1 mg/kg of (+)amphetamine (ED50 = 0.4 mg/kg) from saline vehicle in a two-lever drug discrimination procedure, it was shown that (-)ephedrine (ED50 = 4.5 mg/kg), but not (+)ephedrine, substitutes for the (+)AMPH stimulus. It was also shown that caffeine (ED50 = 12.9 mg/kg) can substitute for (+)amphetamine in a dose-related fashion. Doses of (-)ephedrine and caffeine, which produced < or = 1% drug-appropriate responding when administered alone, were able to enhance each other's stimulus effects when administered in combination such that there was a twofold leftward shift in their respective dose-response curves. Furthermore, stimulus generalization occurred when a dose of caffeine that produced saline-appropriate responding when administered alone was administered in combination with (+)ephedrine. It would appear that low doses of (-)ephedrine and caffeine may mutually potentiate one another's stimulus effects in (+)AMPH-trained rats, and that a combination of caffeine and (+)ephedrine result in altered stimulus character when compared to comparable doses of either agent administered alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gabryszuk
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Glennon
mesh_terms: D000661:Amphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004193:Discrimination Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004809:Ephedrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D002110:Caffeine; D000661:Amphetamine; D004809:Ephedrine