title: Evaluation of thyroid shields for reduction of radiation exposure to orthopaedic surgeons.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A perceived increase in the incidence of thyroid carcinoma in orthopaedic surgeons prompted an assessment of the use and value of thyroid shields in the operating theatre.
  
  
  METHODS
  The radiation exposure to the thyroid area of 19 orthopaedic trainees was measured over a 3-month period, while they were operating. The results were correlated with thyroid function tests and the number of emergency operative cases performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen trainees received radiation exposure within the guidelines set for the general population. Two trainees received exposure above this but within the guidelines set for occupational exposure. A thyroid shield reduced radiation exposure of the neck in one trainee by a factor of 13. The availability and usage of thyroid shields was low: only seven out of 13 trainees used shields.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A thyroid shield should be worn by orthopaedic surgeons if radiation is used during the operative procedure.
authors.affiliation: Wagga Wagga Base Hospital, NSW, Australia. pdewey@shoal.net.au
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dewey
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Incoll
mesh_terms: D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education; D006801:Humans; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D009985:Orthopedics; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*