title: Effects of renal cytoprotective agents on erythrocyte membrane stability.
abstract: To elucidate potential mechanisms of ischemic renal injury, investigators often use drugs that interfere with specific pathological pathways and study their protective efficacy in in vitro models of ischemia, such as isolated renal proximal tubules subjected to hypoxia. However, the protective effects of certain drugs may depend on non-specific membrane-stabilizing properties. We have studied the effects of several drugs on membrane integrity using osmotic lysis of erythrocytes as a model system. Freshly isolated rabbit erythrocytes were subjected to a hypotonic shock, and the protective effects of various calcium channel blockers, phospholipase inhibitors, free fatty acids, the NO-synthase inhibitor L-NAME, the amino acid glycine and its receptor-analogue strychnine, and two chloride channel blockers were examined. Most agents protected erythrocytes against hypotonic hemolysis when added to the medium in the same concentration range as used in suspensions of hypoxic proximal tubules. Only the protective agents that proposedly act via a blockade of chloride influx (glycine, strychnine and the chloride channel blockers), did not attenuate hypotonic hemolysis. The erythrocyte hemolysis assay may provide an easy and rapid method to screen for non-specific membrane-stabilizing effects of potentially cytoprotective agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Physiology, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Bindels
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: van Os
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Wetzels
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D018118:Chloride Channels / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004910:Erythrocyte Membrane / Q000187:drug effects*; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000494:pharmacology; D005998:Glycine / Q000494:pharmacology; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D007687:Kidney Tubules, Proximal / Q000098:blood supply*; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D010740:Phospholipases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011817:Rabbits; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D018118:Chloride Channels; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D010740:Phospholipases; D005998:Glycine; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester