title: Laparoscopic gastric devascularization and splenectomy for sclerotherapy-resistant esophagogastric varices with hypersplenism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The combination of sclerotherapy with surgical salvage for sclerotherapy-resistant esophagogastric varices has recently received much attention, however, the longterm results after such an operation have yet to be reported. This is a preliminary report of a laparoscopic adaptation of a previously described surgical procedure for the treatment of refractory esophagogastric varices.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laparoscopic gastric devascularization and splenectomy (Hassab's operation) was successfully performed to treat recurrent sclerotherapy-resistant giant esophageal varices (n=4) and recurrent rebleeding gastric varices (n=6). The patients included 8 men and 2 women who ranged in age from 35 to 67 years (average, 54.2 years). The procedure and clinical results were evaluated from various viewpoints.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The duration of the operation ranged from 200 to 400 minutes (mean+/-standard deviation; 287.5+/-66.0 minutes) and blood loss from 10 to 1,500 mL (average, 515.5+/-507.9 mL). The weight of the spleen ranged from 500 to 850 g (average 608.0+/-126.6 g). Conversion to minimal open operation with a gasless lifting method was done in 1 patient because of uncontrolled bleeding from the splenic vein. There were no other major complications either intraoperatively or postoperatively. All patients had hypersplenism; preoperative platelet counts ranged from 1.6 to 6.8 x 10(4)/microL (average, 4.5+/-2.7 x 10(4) microL) and the postoperative count was from 5.9 to 36.0 x 10(4)/microL (average, 21.7+/-11.5 x 10(4) microL). Postoperative endoscopy revealed that varices disappeared, and no patient had recurrence of the varices after operation during the mean followup period of 12.8+/-4.1 months (average, 8 to 20 months).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of laparoscopic gastric devascularization and splenectomy for sclerotherapy-resistant esophagogastric varices is considered a feasible and relatively safe surgical method for patients with hypersplenism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery II, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashizume
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanoue
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomikawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugimachi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D004945:Esophagoscopy; D005260:Female; D005773:Gastroscopy; D006801:Humans; D006971:Hypersplenism / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010976:Platelet Count; D011788:Quality of Life; D011859:Radiography; D015911:Sclerotherapy; D013156:Splenectomy