title: Epithelioid angiosarcoma arising in a surgically constructed arteriovenous fistula: a rare complication of chronic immunosuppression in the setting of renal transplantation.
abstract: Immunosuppression in the setting of solid organ transplantation is associated with the development of a variety of malignant tumors, most commonly squamous carcinomas and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Sarcomas, apart from Kaposi's sarcoma, are relatively infrequent. We recently encountered a 71-year-old man with chronic renal failure, treated by allograft kidney transplantation, who developed a high-grade epithelioid angiosarcoma at the site of a nonfunctioning arteriovenous fistula, previously constructed for hemodialysis. At diagnosis, the patient had numerous satellite nodules of angiosarcoma involving the distal skin, soft tissues, and bones. After a below-elbow amputation, there was a rapid local recurrence at the amputation stump. Currently, the patient is alive with numerous pulmonary metastases, 6 months after amputation. A literature review identified three recently reported identical cases of epithelioid angiosarcoma arising in nonfunctioning arteriovenous fistulae. All three patients had been treated by kidney transplantation for renal failure, suggesting a possible causal association between these events. We performed polymerase chain reaction for human herpes virus 8, the recently recognized herpes virus proposed as a major etiologic agent of Kaposi's sarcoma, and possibly some conventional angiosarcomas, but we failed to identify any viral DNA within the tumor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Wehrli
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Janzen
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Shokeir
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Masri
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Byrne
authors.forename: J X
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: O'Connell
mesh_terms: D000671:Amputation, Surgical; D001166:Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006394:Hemangiosarcoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017534:Radial Artery / Q000601:surgery; D011859:Radiography; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*