title: Preparation and evaluation of beads made of different calcium alginate compositions for oral sustained release of tiaramide.
abstract: This study was undertaken to develop a sustained-release formulation of tiaramide (TAM), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with a short half-life, using alginate of different chemical compositions. Alginate gel beads containing TAM were prepared using a gelation of alginate with calcium cations. Bead performance was evaluated in vitro for different dissolution media and beads were also subjected to coating. TAM release was dependent both on its solubility in dissolution medium and the guluronate residue content of the alginate used. The release rate was in the following order: in pH 1.2 > pH 6.8 > water. The fast release rate in pH 1.2 is the result of the high solubility of TAM in acidic medium. Beads based on alginate rich in guluronate residue had the lowest release rate, which can be attributed to the compact structure formed by guluronate residues through cooperative interaction with calcium ions. Alginate beads were administered to beagle dogs, and pharmacokinetic parameters (mean residence time [MRT], tmax, Cmax, and AUC) were calculated. In vivo results were in good agreement with in vitro dissolution characteristics. Beads with high guluronate content gave the best controlled results. In addition, coated beads showed a more satisfactory sustained-release pattern. Calcium alginate appears to be a potential carrier for controlling drug release rate, even for water-soluble drugs such as TAM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fathy
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Safwat
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: el-Shanawany
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shawky Tous
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Otagiri
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000464:Alginates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004285:Dogs; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D008297:Male; D008747:Methylcellulose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D010879:Piperazines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D010879:Piperazines; C048331:hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D008747:Methylcellulose; C003468:tiaramide