title: Improved predictability of extracapsular extension and seminal vesicle involvement based on clinical and biopsy findings in prostate cancer in Japanese men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The accurate preoperative prediction of the extent of cancer by pathologic examination is essential for choosing the optimal treatment for patients with prostate cancer. Currently available clinical staging methods are not adequate and more precise staging is required.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the log likelihood ratio test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, preoperative variables, including biopsy pathologic findings, were assessed for predicting final pathologic stage in prostate cancer. A multivariate model for predicting disease organ confinement status was established for easy clinical use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The use of the number of cores with cancer and maximum cancer length in conjunction with the three variables (prostate-specific antigen, clinical stage, and biopsy Gleason score) was found to significantly improve predictability of extracapsular extension and seminal vesicle involvement in clinically resectable (n = 96) and localized prostate cancers (n = 81) (P < 0.05). Areas under ROC curves for the above two parameter sets (five- versus three-variable model) were 0.8395 and 0.7109, respectively, for capacity for extracapsular extension prediction in clinically localized cancer. These values for seminal vesicle involvement were 0.7861 and 0.6927, respectively. The logistic model gave positive and negative predictive values of 73% and 78%, and 64% and 83%, respectively, for extracapsular extension and seminal vesicle involvement in clinically localized cancer at a predicted probability of 0.5 or greater.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present method may be used to predict non-organ-confined prostate cancer with greater accuracy than the previously reported model using three variables.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Egawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suyama
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuwao
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koshiba
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D005834:Genital Neoplasms, Male / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D012372:ROC Curve; D012669:Seminal Vesicles