title: The AUDIT alcohol consumption questions (AUDIT-C): an effective brief screening test for problem drinking. Ambulatory Care Quality Improvement Project (ACQUIP). Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the 3 alcohol consumption questions from the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C) as a brief screening test for heavy drinking and/or active alcohol abuse or dependence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients from 3 Veterans Affairs general medical clinics were mailed questionnaires. A random, weighted sample of Health History Questionnaire respondents, who had 5 or more drinks over the past year, were eligible for telephone interviews (N = 447). Heavy drinkers were oversampled 2:1. Patients were excluded if they could not be contacted by telephone, were too ill for interviews, or were female (n = 54). Areas under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) were used to compare mailed alcohol screening questionnaires (AUDIT-C and full AUDIT) with 3 comparison standards based on telephone interviews: (1) past year heavy drinking (>14 drinks/week or > or =5 drinks/ occasion); (2) active alcohol abuse or dependence according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Revised Third Edition, criteria; and (3) either.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 393 eligible patients, 243 (62%) completed AUDIT-C and interviews. For detecting heavy drinking, AUDIT-C had a higher AUROC than the full AUDIT (0.891 vs 0.881; P = .03). Although the full AUDIT performed better than AUDIT-C for detecting active alcohol abuse or dependence (0.811 vs 0.786; P<.001), the 2 questionnaires performed similarly for detecting heavy drinking and/or active abuse or dependence (0.880 vs 0.881).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Three questions about alcohol consumption (AUDIT-C) appear to be a practical, valid primary care screening test for heavy drinking and/or active alcohol abuse or dependence.
authors.affiliation: Health Services Research and Development, the Center of Excellence for Substance Abuse Treatment and Education, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle Division, Wash 98108, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bush
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Kivlahan
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: McDonell
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Fihn
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Bradley
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006787:Hospitals, Veterans; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires