title: Dihydropyridine type calcium channel blocker-induced turbid dialysate in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.
abstract: We previously reported that manidipine, a new dihydropyridine type calcium channel blocker, produced chylous peritoneal dialysate being visually indistinguishable from infective peritonitis in 5 patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) [Yoshimoto et al. 1993]. To study whether such an adverse drug reaction would also be elicited by other commonly prescribed calcium channel blockers in CAPD patients, we have conducted postal inquiry to 15 collaborating hospitals and an institutional survey in International Medical Center of Japan as to the possible occurrence of calcium channel blocker-associated non-infective, turbid peritoneal dialysate in CAPD patients. Our diagnostic criteria for drug-induced turbidity of dialysate as a) it developed within 48 h after the administration of a newly introduced calcium channel blocker to the therapeutic regimen, b) absence of clinical symptoms of peritoneal inflammation (i.e., pyrexia, abdominal pain, nausea or vomiting), c) the fluid containing normal leukocyte counts and being negative for bacterial and fungal culture of the fluid, and d) it disappeared shortly after the withdrawal of the assumed causative agent. Results showed that 19 out of 251 CAPD patients given one of the calcium channel blockers developed non-infective turbid peritoneal dialysis that fulfilled all the above criteria. Four calcium channel blockers were suspected to be associated with the events: benidipine [2 out of 2 (100%) patients given the drug], manidipine [15 out of 36 (42%) patients], nisoldipine [1 out of 11 (9%) patients] and nifedipine [1 out of 159 (0.6%)] in descending order of frequency. None of the patients who received nicardipine, nilvadipine, nitrendipine, barnidipine and diltiazem (25, 7, 2, 1 and 8 patients, respectively) exhibited turbid dialysate. In conclusion, we consider that certain dihydropyridine type calcium channel blockers would cause turbid peritoneal dialysate being similar to that observed in patients developing infective peritonitis. To avoid unnecessary antibiotic therapy the possibility of this adverse reaction should be ruled out whenever a CAPD patient receiving a dihydropyridine type calcium channel blocker develops turbid dialysate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacotherapy, Meiji College of Pharmacy, Tananshi, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshimoto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saima
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishitani
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yasui
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuriyama
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shirai
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kugiyama
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayano
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fukui
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Horigome
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Amagasaki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsubakihara
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamekawa
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tomura
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miwa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koyama
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Echizen
mesh_terms: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002915:Chylous Ascites / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D003625:Data Collection; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D015314:Dialysis Solutions; D004095:Dihydropyridines / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010531:Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D015314:Dialysis Solutions; D004095:Dihydropyridines; C038806:1,4-dihydropyridine