title: Early vitamin K deficiency bleeding after maternal phenobarbital intake: management of massive intracranial haemorrhage by minimal surgical intervention.
abstract: Vitamin K deficiency bleeding within the first 24 h of life is caused in most cases by maternal drug intake (e.g. coumarins, anticonvulsants, tuberculostatics) during pregnancy. Haemorrhage is often life-threatening and usually not prevented by vitamin K prophylaxis at birth. We report a case of severe intracranial bleeding at birth secondary to phenobarbital-induced vitamin K deficiency and traumatic delivery. Burr hole trepanations of the skull were performed and the subdural haematoma was evacuated. Despite the severe prognosis, the infant showed an unexpected good recovery. At the age of 3 years, neurological examinations were normal as was the EEG at the age of 9 months. CT showed close to normal intracranial structures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case report stresses the importance of antenatal vitamin K prophylaxis and the consideration of a primary Caesarean section in maternal vitamin K deficiency states and demonstrates the successful management of massive subdural haemorrhage by a limited surgical approach.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Surgery, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Renzulli
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tuchschmid
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Eich
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fanconi
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Schwöbel
mesh_terms: D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002585:Cesarean Section; D004829:Epilepsy, Generalized / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006408:Hematoma, Subdural / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D010634:Phenobarbital / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014207:Trephining; D014813:Vitamin K Deficiency / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D010634:Phenobarbital