title: Breathing and pulmonary surfactant function in mice 24 h after ozone exposure.
abstract: The aim of this study was to determine whether an acute ozone exposure affects breathing, and the ability of pulmonary surfactant to maintain the patency of terminal conducting airways. BALB/c mice were exposed to ozone (1 part per million (ppm)) for 2, 4, 6, and 8 h. They were examined with plethysmography and with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) 24 h later. The BAL fluid was analysed for the presence of inflammatory cells and concentrations of proteins and phospholipids. Surfactant in the remaining BAL fluid was concentrated five-times and examined with a capillary surfactometer (CS). The surfactant was then washed with a large volume of saline solution which was removed following centrifugation. Already, after a 2 h ozone exposure, the respiratory frequency increased from 297+/-6 to 386+/-11 breaths x min(-1) (p<0.0001). Pressure amplitude per breath diminished (p<0.001), indicating a reduced tidal volume. A highly significant surfactant dysfunction was observed with the CS (p<0.0001), although phospholipids increased. However, proteins also increased (p<0.0001) and they or other water-soluble inhibitors apparently caused the surfactant dysfunction since, when they were removed with a washing procedure, the surfactant's normal ability to maintain patency was restored. The acute ozone exposure affected breathing and caused an airway inflammation. The inflammatory proteins or other water-soluble inhibitors reduced the surfactant's ability to secure airway patency.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Currie
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: van Schaik
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vargas
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Enhorning
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010083:Oxidants, Photochemical / Q000633:toxicity*; D010126:Ozone / Q000633:toxicity*; D010993:Plethysmography, Whole Body; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D010083:Oxidants, Photochemical; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants; D010126:Ozone