title: Familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency in infancy: clinical, biochemical, and molecular study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the characteristics of lipoprotein lipase (LPL)-deficient patients seen in infancy and to evaluate the safety and efficacy of severe fat restriction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children <1 year old presenting with chylomicronemia between 1972 and 1995 were identified, and their clinical courses were reviewed retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LPL deficiency was demonstrated in 16 infants who presented with irritability (n = 7), lower intestinal bleeding (n = 2), pallor, anemia, or splenomegaly (n = 5), and a family history or fortuitous discovery (n = 2). All plasma samples were lactescent at presentation. Chylomicronemia responded rapidly to dietary fat restriction, and it was possible to maintain satisfactory metabolic control for a prolonged period of time. Only 1 adolescent girl had an episode of pancreatitis associated with the use of oral contraceptives. No persistent adverse effects on growth were seen. We obtained abnormal values for serum iron, alkaline phosphatase, and total calcium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presentation of LPL deficiency is heterogeneous during infancy. Close dietary monitoring is required to avoid nutritional deficiencies. Estrogen therapy should be avoided in LPL-deficient patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, St-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Feoli-Fonseca
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lévy
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Godard
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lambert
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D000740:Anemia / Q000503:physiopathology; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000009:adverse effects; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000503:physiopathology; D006128:Growth / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008072:Hyperlipoproteinemia Type I / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D007223:Infant; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007501:Iron / Q000097:blood; D007508:Irritable Mood; D008297:Male; D009748:Nutrition Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control; D010167:Pallor / Q000503:physiopathology; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012449:Safety; D013163:Splenomegaly / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D007501:Iron; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D002118:Calcium