title: Altered alveolar macrophage function in calorie-restricted rats.
abstract: Alveolar macrophage functions associated with clearance of bacteria from the lung were assessed in male Fischer 344 rats maintained on a 25% calorie-restricted diet. Calorie-restricted and ad libitum-fed (control) rats were exposed to concentrations of ozone known to compromise phagocytic function of alveolar macrophages. Ozone suppressed alveolar macrophage phagocytosis of latex beads in vitro in ad libitum-fed rats, but not in calorie-restricted rats. In fact, caloric restriction enhanced phagocytic function in both control and ozone-exposed animals. Ad libitum-fed rats exposed to ozone and challenged with Streptococcus zooepidemicus experienced a prolonged infection and influx of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), whereas calorie-restricted rats exposed to ozone cleared the bacteria in 24 h without an inflammatory response. Bacterial endotoxin-stimulated in vitro production of nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha as well as expression of TNF-alpha and interleukin-6 messenger RNAs were all lower in alveolar macrophages isolated from calorie-restricted rats. Together, the data suggest that caloric restriction enhances resistance to gram-positive bacteria, while lowering the production of proinflammatory mediators elicited by endotoxin, a component of gram-negative bacteria. Although increased bacterial resistance is considered beneficial, reduction in the lung's ability to induce inflammatory mediators can have both positive and pathophysiologic consequences.
authors.affiliation: Immunotoxicology Branch, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park; Center for Environmental Medicine and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Selgrade
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Gilmour
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Luster
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Kari
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002452:Cell Count / Q000187:drug effects; D004032:Diet; D007249:Inflammation / Q000382:microbiology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects*; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010126:Ozone / Q000494:pharmacology; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000472:pathogenicity; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D010126:Ozone