title: [Clinical anatomy of the human mental foramen].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The great diffusion of the surgical technics in oral implantology and the progress of the radiological imaging produces some interest for the clinical anatomy of the mental foramen (MF). The study, in addition to the measurements that define it, considers others anatomical features of practical utility and the variableness of them.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the Anatomic Institute of the Bologna University, it has been made a morphometric revision of the MF on 100 dried mandibles of normal young adults (78 males, 32 females) random chosen with the complete integrity of the dental apparatus and of the mandibular bone criteria. The measurements have been made by anthropometric methods on the two sides of the same mandible (n = 200) and for everyone has been reported in the tables the medium, the maximum and the minimum values with their specific variation interval. The results are applicable to the common work conditions because they take in consideration among the specific characteristics of the MF in addition to the seat, the course of the mandibular canal, the thickness and the height of the mandibular bone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  To the clinical and diagnostic imaging object the medium values of the anatomical measurements can be considered sufficent. To anthropometric, anesthesiologic and surgical aims it is also necessary the knowledge of the maximum and the minimum values and the variation interval. In the living man the anatomicomedical study of the MF is made by the diagnostic imaging, especially by computed tomography with specific algorithm, because it makes possible absolutely exact measurements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Finally, the specifications on the MF provided by the present study are important not only for an anatomical but also for a practical point of view because they are a datum point value in the patient clinical management.
authors.affiliation: Unità Complessa di Scienze Anatomiche Umane, Fisiopatologia dell'Apparato Locomotore, Università degli Studi, Bologna.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pastremoli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Galli
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ruggeri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002680:Chin / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed