title: Drugs detected in patients suspected of acute intoxication.
abstract: Drug screens were performed for 434 adult patients who presented to the Parkland Memorial Hospital Emergency Department with suspected acute drug overdose. The screening consisted of analysis of urine by automated high performance liquid chromatography (REMEDi) in combination with qualitative EMIT immunoassays. Selected patients also had ethanol measured in blood, salicylate and acetaminophen measured in serum, and urine specimens analyzed qualitatively for cannabinoids. Most patients (83.4%), regardless of age, race, or gender, had evidence of consumption of at least one drug. The drugs detected most often were ethanol (30.0%) and cocaine (23.7%). At least one of the nine most common drugs-of-abuse (amphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cannabinoids, cocaine, ethanol, opiates, opioids, and phencyclidine) was detected in 64.5% of the specimens, and combinations of these drugs were present in 45.4%. For most drugs, age, gender, ethnicity, time of day, day of week, and indication for screening could not be used to predict the drug screen result.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-9072, USA.
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Baskin
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Morgan
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine; D000662:Amphetamines / Q000097:blood; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D001463:Barbiturates / Q000097:blood; D002186:Cannabinoids / Q000652:urine; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003042:Cocaine / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D062787:Drug Overdose; D017248:Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay Technique; D000431:Ethanol / Q000097:blood / Q000506:poisoning*; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D006213:Hallucinogens / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009294:Narcotics / Q000652:urine; D010622:Phencyclidine / Q000652:urine; D011041:Poisoning / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012459:Salicylates / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D000662:Amphetamines; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D001463:Barbiturates; D002186:Cannabinoids; D006213:Hallucinogens; D009294:Narcotics; D012459:Salicylates; D000082:Acetaminophen; D000431:Ethanol; D003042:Cocaine; D010622:Phencyclidine