title: Titanium as an ossicular replacement material: results after 336 days of implantation in the rabbit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Titanium in other parts of the body, well known for its biocompatibility, was examined in an animal model for its use as an ossicular replacement material.
  
  
  METHODS
  The biocompatibility of titanium was studied in the middle ear of rabbits using light and scanning electron microscopy. Titanium pins were placed as middle ear prostheses or as free implants and were examined after 28, 84, 168, and 336 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 28 days, the prostheses were covered by regular mucosa. The free implants took up to 336 days to be totally epithelialized. There were no inflammatory cells observed on the surface of the material nor were unusual amounts of fibrous tissue seen. In addition, the titanium material exhibited an affinity toward bone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this animal experiment indicate that titanium is a useful material for ossicular replacement prostheses.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenkranke der Universität Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schwager
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018424:Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear / Q000601:surgery; D004424:Ear Canal / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009998:Ossicular Prosthesis; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods*; D011817:Rabbits; D013701:Temporal Bone / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014025:Titanium / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014432:Tympanic Membrane / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D014025:Titanium