title: PCR on cerebrospinal fluid to show influenza-associated acute encephalopathy or encephalitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Except for Reye's syndrome, influenza-associated acute encephalopathy or encephalitis is not universally recognised. We did a multicentre study of laboratory and clinical data for patients with influenza-associated acute encephalopathy or encephalitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  In Nagoya, Japan, ten patients with acute encephalopathy or encephalitis associated with influenza-like illness were admitted to our hospitals between April, 1996, and March, 1997. We collected clinical, laboratory and serological data and assessed cerebrospinal fluid samples by PCR for influenza A and B.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven patients, aged 22 months to 4 years, had evidence of recent influenza infection, six with type-A/Hong Kong (H3N2) and one with type B. The first sign in the central nervous system appeared within 2 days of fever in all but one patient. The first sign of involvement of the central nervous system was generalised convulsions in all patients. Two patients died, one had sequelae, and four survived without sequelae. PCR for influenza type A was positive for five patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of PCR suggest that at least part of the influenza type A genome existed in the central nervous system. Influenza-associated acute encephalopathy or encephalitis in young children deserves wider recognition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Nagoya City University Medical School, Nagoya, Japan. sfujimot@med.nagoya-cu.ac.jp
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Uemura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwasa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Katoh
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Togari
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wada
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000821:virology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D006389:Hemagglutinins, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009981:Influenza B virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D006389:Hemagglutinins, Viral; D012367:RNA, Viral