title: Identification of a human CD8+ T lymphocyte neo-epitope created by a ras codon 12 mutation which is restricted by the HLA-A2 allele.
abstract: Point mutations in the ras proto-oncogenes, notably at codon 12, are found in high frequency of human malignancies and, thus, may be appropriate targets for the induction of tumor-specific T cell responses in cancer immunotherapy. In this study, we examined the mutant ras protein sequence reflecting the substitution of Gly to Val at position 12 as a putative point-mutated determinant for potential induction of an HLA-A2-reactive, CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response. We identified the ras 4-12(Val12) sequence as a minimal 9-mer peptide, which displayed specific binding to HLA-A2 by T2 bioassays. Peptide binding to HLA-A2 on T2 cells was weak and required coincubation with exogenous beta(2)-microglobulin to facilitate and enhance complex formation. In contrast, the wild-type ras 4-12(Gly12) peptide failed to bind to HLA-A2 even in the presence of beta(2)-microglobulin, consistent with the hypothesis that the point mutation creates a C-terminus anchor residue. A CD8+ CTL line against the ras 4-12(Val12) peptide was derived in vitro from a normal HLA-A2+ donor using a model culture system consisting of T2 cells as antigen presenting cells pulsed with exogenous mutant ras peptide and beta(2)-microglobulin plus cytokines (interleukin-2 and 12). Functional characterization of CD8+ CTL line revealed (1) peptide-specific and HLA-A2-restricted cytotoxicity against a panel of peptide-pulsed targets; (2) no specific lysis using the normal ras peptide sequence; (3) half-maximal lysis with exogenous peptide of approximately 0.3 microM; (4) lysis of HLA-A2+ B cell lines infected with a recombinant vaccinia virus construct encoding the point-mutated human K-ras gene; and (5) specific lysis of the HLA-A2+ SW480 colon carcinoma cell line expressing the naturally occurring K-ras Val12 mutation. Maximal lysis of SW480 cells occurred following interferon (IFN)-gamma pretreatment, which correlated with enhanced HLA-A2 and ICAM-1 (CD54) expression. Specificity of lysis was revealed by the absence of lysis against a HLA-A2+ melanoma cell line (+/- IFN-gamma), which lacked the mutant Val12 mutation, and the inability of an irrelevant CD8+ CTL line to lyse SW480 (+/- IFN-gamma) unless the appropriate exogenous peptide was added. These findings demonstrated that tumor cells may endogenously process and express mutant ras epitopes, such as the 4-12(Val12) sequence, albeit in limiting amounts that may be potentiated by IFN-gamma treatment. These data support the biological relevance of this sequence and, thus, may have important implications for the generation of ras oncogene-specific CTL responses in clinical situations.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1750, USA.
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Bergmann-Leitner
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kantor
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Shupert
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schlom
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Abrams
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D003062:Codon; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte; D011905:Genes, ras; D015789:HLA-A2 Antigen / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000276:immunology; D017354:Point Mutation; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology*; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D003062:Codon; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte; D015789:HLA-A2 Antigen; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D018631:ras Proteins