Glucagon-like peptide 1 increases the period of postprandial satiety and slows gastric emptying in obese men.
The gut peptide glucagon-like peptide 1(7-36) amide (GLP-1) is released into the circulation after food intake. GLP-1 has been shown to have an incretin effect and inhibits gastrointestinal motility in humans. In rats, intracerebral administration of GLP-1 results in reduced food intake. Obese humans have been found to have an attenuated plasma GLP-1 response to a mixed meal. To approximate the physiologic state, GLP-1 or saline was administered intravenously and randomly at the beginning of a test meal served on a universal eating monitor to 6 obese subjects to test our hypothesis that GLP-1 influences termination of food intake (and thus food intake during a meal) and feelings of satiety in humans. As a marker for gastric emptying, 1.5 g acetaminophen was given at the start of the meal. Blood samples for analysis of acetaminophen, insulin, glucose, glucagon, and C-peptide were obtained. Hunger, fullness, and food choice were assessed with visual analogue scales and food-choice questionnaires. GLP-1 infusion resulted in a prolonged period of reduced feelings of hunger, desire to eat, and prospective consumption after the meal. The rate of gastric emptying was slower during infusion of GLP-1. Postprandial blood glucose concentrations were reduced during the GLP-1 infusion, but the amount of energy consumed, eating rate, and plasma concentrations of insulin, glucagon, and C-peptide were unchanged. GLP-1 given exogenously at the start of a meal did not seem to affect meal termination or the amount of food eaten. However, postprandial feelings of hunger decreased, suggesting that exogenous GLP-1 may influence feelings of hunger and satiety in humans.
Näslund
E
E
Department of Surgery, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. erik.naslund@kir.ds.sll.se
Gutniak
M
M
Skogar
S
S
Rössner
S
S
Hellström
P M
PM
D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000187:drug effects*; D005934:Glucagon / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D006801:Humans; D006815:Hunger / Q000187:drug effects; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019518:Postprandial Period; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D012527:Satiation / Q000187:drug effects*
D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; D007328:Insulin; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011498:Protein Precursors; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D005934:Glucagon