title: A new intermediate in the mineralization of 3,4-dichloroaniline by the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium.
abstract: Phanerochaete chrysosporium ATCC 34541 has been reported to be unable to mineralize 3,4-dichloroaniline (DCA). However, high mineralization is now shown to occur when a fermentation temperature of 37 degrees and gassing with oxygen are used. Mineralization did not correlate with lignin peroxidase activity. The latter was high under C limitation and low under N limitation, whereas the reverse was true for mineralization. The kinetics of DCA metabolism was studied in low-N and low-C and C- and N-rich culture media by metabolite analysis and 14CO2 determination. In all cases, DCA disappeared within 2 days, and a novel highly polar conjugate termed DCAX accumulated in the growth medium. This metabolite was a dead-end product under C and N enrichment. In oxygenated low-C medium and in much higher yield in oxygenated low-N medium, DCAX was converted to DCA-succinimide and then mineralized. DCAX was purified by high-performance liquid chromatography and identified as N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-alpha-ketoglutaryl-delta-amide by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy, gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The formation of conjugate intermediates is proposed to facilitate mineralization because the sensitive amino group of DCA needs protection so that ring cleavage rather than oligomerization can occur.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Biochemische Pflanzenpathologie, GSF-Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit GmbH, D-85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany. sandermann@gsf.de
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sandermann
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Heller
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hertkorn
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hoque
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pieper
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Winkler
mesh_terms: D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D003470:Culture Media; D005285:Fermentation; D007700:Kinetics; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D020075:Phanerochaete / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D012988:Soil Microbiology
chemical_list: D000814:Aniline Compounds; D003470:Culture Media; C014464:3,4-dichloroaniline; D010544:Peroxidases; C042858:lignin peroxidase