title: The ineffectiveness of immunosuppressive therapy in lymphocytic myocarditis: an overview.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of immunosuppressive therapy for myocarditis is controversial.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To review the literature on the effectiveness of immunosuppressive therapy in biopsy-proven lymphocytic myocarditis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two authors independently searched MEDLINE and other medical databases from 1980 to 26 June 1997.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, controlled trials; matched-cohort studies; and case-control studies of patients with biopsy-proven myocarditis (Dallas criteria or a mean of > or = 2.5 lymphocytes per high-power field) for which any form of immunosuppressive treatment was used. The outcomes of interest were mortality and change in left ventricular ejection fraction.
  
  
  METHODS
  6 of 374 studies satisfied the selection criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In survivors, left ventricular function in myocarditis improved approximately 10% over 6 months without immunosuppressive treatment. Prednisone alone did not improve survival (P >0.2) or left ventricular function (P >0.11). Prednisone combined with azathioprine or cyclosporine did not improve survival (P >0.2) or left ventricular function (P >0.2) in three studies. However, one small matched-cohort study showed improvement in children (P <0.01). Neither interferon nor thymic hormone improved survival or left ventricular function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Immunosuppressive therapy is ineffective in lymphocytic myocarditis. Current therapy in lymphocytic myocarditis seems to be limited to supportive measures or transplantation.
authors.affiliation: McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shiau
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guyatt
mesh_terms: D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008218:Lymphocytosis; D009205:Myocarditis / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents