title: Entrainment mapping and radiofrequency catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia in right ventricular dysplasia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine if entrainment mapping techniques and predictors of successful ablation sites previously tested in coronary artery disease can be applied to ventricular tachycardia (VT) in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  VT in ARVD has not been well characterized. Reentry circuits in areas of abnormal myocardium are the likely cause, but these circuits have not been well defined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mapping of 19 VTs in 5 patients with ARVD was performed. At 58 sites pacing entrained VT and radiofrequency current (RF) was applied to assess acute termination of VT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sites classified as exits, central/proximal, inner loop, outer loop, remote bystander and adjacent bystander were identified by entrainment criteria. The reentrant circuit sites were clustered predominantly around the tricuspid annulus and in the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT). RF ablation acutely terminated VT at 13 sites or 22% of the applications. Of the 19 VTs, eight were rendered noninducible and three were modified to a longer cycle length. In 2 patients ablation at a single site abolished two VTs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VT in ARVD shows many of the characteristics of VT due to myocardial infarction. Entrainment mapping techniques can be used to characterize reentry circuits in ARVD. The use of entrainment mapping to guide ablation is feasible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Ellison
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: L I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Ganz
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Stevenson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019571:Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D017180:Tachycardia, Ventricular / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome