title: Breakfasts high in monoglyceride or triglyceride: no differential effect on appetite or energy intake.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test whether isoenergetic isoenergetically-dense doses of dietary 1-monoglyceride or triglyceride differentially influence appetite and meal-to-meal energy intake in man.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six men and six women were each studied twice in a 2 d protocol. On day 1 (maintenance day) they were fed a medium fat (MF) maintenance diet (MF: 40% fat, 47% carbohydrate and 13% protein by energy) calculated at 1.6 x resting metabolic rate (RMR). On day 2 (manipulation day) at 08.30 h subjects consumed a high-fat breakfast designed to contain 80-85% of RMR, composition 10% protein, 56% fat and 34% carbohydrate by energy, with 65% of energy for fat derived as either 1-monoglyceride or triglyceride. Food and energy intake were monitored at lunch (given at 12.30pm) and throughout the remainder of the day. During this time subjects had ad libitum access to isoenergetic, isoenergetically dense MF (40:47:13) foods (550kJ/100g), until 22.30pm). Subjective hunger and satiety were tracked hourly, during waking hours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant effect of fat type on food or energy intake at lunch or during the ad libitum period. There was no diet effect on subjective hunger (F(1,10)0.00; P= 0.975) in the inter-meal periods of morning or afternoon, nor during the whole day. Subjects found both diets to be similarly pleasant (F(1,61)0.84;P= 0.364). Men and women responded similarly, except that men ate more on all occasions than women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that when a large dose of l-monoglyceride or triglyceride is incorporated into a breakfast meal, it behaves in a manner that is very similar to triglyceride in terms of the effects on hunger, appetite or feeding behaviour.
authors.affiliation: The Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Johnstone
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Stubbs
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001066:Appetite; D001481:Basal Metabolism; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004435:Eating / Q000523:psychology; D004644:Emotions; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005502:Food; D005989:Glycerides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013997:Time Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D005989:Glycerides; D014280:Triglycerides