title: Three-dimensional visualization of physiologically based kinetic model outputs.
abstract: Outputs from a physiologically based toxicokinetic (PB-TK) model for fish were visualized by mapping time-series data for specific tissues onto a three-dimensional representation of a rainbow trout. The trout representation was generated in stepwise fashion: 1) cross-section images were obtained from an anesthetized fish using a magnetic resonance imaging system, 2) images were processed to classify tissue types and eliminate unnecessary detail. 3) processed images were imported to a visualization software package (Application Visualization System) to create a three-dimensional representation of the fish, encapsulating five volumes corresponding to the liver, kidney, muscle, gastrointestinal tract, and fat, Kinetic data for the disposition of pentachloroethane in trout were generated using a PB-TK model. Model outputs were mapped onto corresponding tissues volumes, representing chemical concentration as color intensity. The workstation software was then used to animate the images, illustration the accumulation of pentachloroethane in each tissue during a continuous branchial (gill) exposure.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Research Laboratory-Duluth, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, MN 55804 USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nichols
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rheingans
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lothenbach
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McGeachie
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Skow
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McKim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004980:Ethane / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008961:Models, Structural; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss / Q000378:metabolism*; D012984:Software; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D004980:Ethane; C016036:pentachloroethane