title: Renovascular hypertension in bradykinin B2-receptor knockout mice.
abstract: We evaluated whether kinins exert a protective action against the development of two-kidney, one clip (2K1C) hypertension, a model characterized by an activated renin-angiotensin system in the ischemic kidney and increased expression of the bradykinin (BK) B2 receptor in the contralateral kidney. BK B2-receptor knockout (B2-/-), wild-type (B2+/+), and heterozygous (B2+/-) mice underwent clipping of the left renal artery, with the other kidney remaining untouched. Basal systolic blood pressure (SBP, via tail-cuff plethysmography) was higher in B2-/- mice than in B2+/- or B2+/+ mice (121+/-2 versus 113+/-2 and 109+/-1 mm Hg; P<0.05 for both comparisons). SBP did not change from basal values after sham operation, but it increased in mice that underwent clipping. The increase in SBP was greater in 2K1C B2-/- mice than in B2+/- or B2+/+ mice (28+/-2 versus 14+/-2 and 14+/-2 mm Hg, respectively, at 2 weeks; P<0.05 for both comparisons). Blockade of the BK B2 receptor by Icatibant enhanced the pressure response to clipping in B2+/+ mice (29+/-2 mm Hg at 2 weeks). Intra-arterial mean blood pressure (MBP) was higher in 2K1C than in respective sham-operated mice, with the MBP difference being higher in B2-/- mice (32 and 38 mm Hg, at 2 and 4 weeks, respectively), and higher in B2+/+ mice given Icatibant (30 and 32 mm Hg) than in B2+/+ mice without Icatibant (17 and 18 mm Hg). At 4 weeks, acute injection of an angiotensin type 1 receptor antagonist normalized the MBP of 2K1C hypertensive mice. A tachycardic response was observed 1 week after clipping in B2-/- and B2+/- mice, but this effect was delayed in B2+/+ mice. However, the HR response to clipping in B2+/+ mice was enhanced by Icatibant. Within each strain, heart weight to body weight ratio was greater in 2K1C hypertensive mice than in sham-operated control animals (B2-/-: 5.7+/-0.1 versus 5.2+/-0.1; B2+/+: 5.1+/-0.1 versus 4.5+/-0.1; P<0.01 for both comparisons). The clipped kidney weight to nonclipped kidney weight ratio was consistently reduced in mice with 2K1C hypertension. Our results indicate that kinins acting on the BK B2 receptor exert a protective action against excessive blood pressure elevation during early phases of 2K1C hypertension.
authors.affiliation: From the Clinica Medica and Terapia Medica, Medical Schoo , and the Department of Animal Biology, Section of Pharmacology , University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy. madeddu@ssmain.uniss.it
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Madeddu
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Milia
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Salis
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gaspa
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lippoldt
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Emanueli
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D065168:Bradykinin Receptor Antagonists; D003250:Constriction; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004562:Electrocardiography; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006978:Hypertension, Renovascular / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007705:Kinins / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D043782:Receptor, Bradykinin B2; D018002:Receptors, Bradykinin / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D012078:Renal Artery Obstruction
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D065168:Bradykinin Receptor Antagonists; D007705:Kinins; D043782:Receptor, Bradykinin B2; D018002:Receptors, Bradykinin; C065679:icatibant; D001920:Bradykinin