title: Cervicothoracic approach for total mesoesophageal dissection in cancer of the thoracic esophagus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The clinical significance of lymph node involvement along the recurrent laryngeal nerves in cancer of the thoracic esophagus is still controversial. Although these lymph nodes are anatomically located in a well-defined compartment (proximal mesoesophagus), appropriate procedures for dissecting them are not well established.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively investigated clinical results over the past 10 years in 276 patients who underwent systematic dissection of cervical, mediastinal, and upper abdominal lymph nodes. We routinely performed the cervical procedure before thoracotomy for total dissection of the proximal mesoesophagus and to minimize the operative risk.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All macroscopically recognizable lesions were resected in 94% of the patients. The hospital mortality rate was 2.5%. Recurrent nerve palsy developed in 59 patients, but it was successfully managed without prolonged hoarseness in 50 of them. The recurrent nerve node group was most frequently involved (frequency of 25% in superficial cancer, 57% in non-superficial cancer). Supradiaphragmatic lymph node involvement was limited to the recurrent nerve nodes in 25% of the patients with positive supradiaphragmatic node. The 5-year survival rate in patients with positive recurrent nerve nodes was 34%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dissection of the recurrent nerve lymph nodes is essential for curative esophagectomy even in the early phase of cancer invasion. Our cervicothoracic approach for total dissection of the proximal mesoesophagus yielded acceptable outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsubara
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nagao
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishi
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016629:Esophagectomy / Q000379:methods*; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000379:methods*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D010243:Paralysis / Q000209:etiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality; D012009:Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D013812:Therapeutics