title: A model of autosomal recessive Alport syndrome in English cocker spaniel dogs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dogs with naturally occurring genetic disorders of basement membrane (type IV) collagen may serve as animal models of Alport syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  An autosomal recessive form of progressive hereditary nephritis (HN) was studied in 10 affected, 3 obligate carrier, and 4 unaffected English cocker spaniel (ECS) dogs. Clinical, pathological, and ultrastructural features of the disease were characterized. Expression of basement membrane (BM) proteins was examined with an immunohistochemical technique using monospecific antibodies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Affected dogs had proteinuria and juvenile-onset chronic renal failure. Glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickening and multilamellation typical of HN were observed in all renal specimens obtained from proteinuric dogs, and severity of GBM ultrastructural abnormalities varied with the clinical stage of disease. Expression of alpha3(IV) and alpha4(IV) chains was totally absent in the kidney of affected dogs. Expression of alpha5(IV) and a6(IV) chains was normal in Bowman's capsule, collecting tubular BM and epidermal BM of affected dogs. The alpha5(IV) chain was not expressed in distal tubular BM of affected dogs. Expression of alpha5(IV) chains was markedly reduced but not absent, and expression of alpha6(IV) chains was present in GBM of affected dogs. Expression of alpha1-alpha2(IV) chains in GBM of affected dogs was increased. Features of obligate carriers were similar to those of unaffected dogs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that HN in ECS dogs is a naturally occurring animal model of autosomal recessive Alport syndrome. However, it differs from human disease in the persistence of alpha5(IV) chains in GBM and in the appearance of a6(IV) chains in GBM.
authors.affiliation: Texas Veterinary Medical Center, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843-4474, USA.
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Lees
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Helman
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Kashtan
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Michael
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Homco
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Millichamp
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ninomiya
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sado
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003094:Collagen / Q000032:analysis; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007668:Kidney / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D009394:Nephritis, Hereditary / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D003094:Collagen