title: Dopamine transporter imaging with fluorine-18-FPCIT and PET.
abstract: Fluorinated N-3-fluoropropyl-2-beta-carboxymethoxy-3-beta-(4-iodophenyl) nortropane (FPCIT) has been synthesized as a dopamine transporter ligand for PET studies. We evaluated the regional brain uptake and the plasma metabolism of [18F]-FPCIT.
  
  
  METHODS
  PET studies were conducted on 7 normal subjects and on 10 patients with Parkinson's disease. After the [18F]-FPCIT injection (4.4+/-1.8 mCi), dynamic scans were acquired over 100 min. Plasma metabolite analysis was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma HPLC revealed two peaks corresponding to unmetabolized [18F]-FPCIT and a polar metabolite. The fraction of the parent compound decreased rapidly to 25% at 25 min. Fluorine-18-FPCIT showed a striatum-to-occipital ratio (SOR) of 3.5 at 90 min postinjection. The ratio of striatal-to-occipital distribution volume (DVR) was calculated directly by using a mean tissue-to-plasma efflux constant for occipital cortex obtained in 10 subjects (ki=0.037 min(-1)). DVR measures determined with and without plasma input function were correlated (r=0.98, p < 0.0001). In normal subjects, a significant age-related decline of DVR was observed both for caudate and putamen, corresponding to a 7.7% and 6.4% decline per decade, respectively (r > 0.85, p < 0.01). Both DVR and SOR correctly classified early-stage Parkinson's disease patients with comparable accuracy (p < 0.0001). Age-corrected DVR values correlated negatively with the Uniform Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale composite motor ratings (r=0.66, p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The tracer characteristics are compatible with a high-affinity, reversible ligand. FPCIT/PET demonstrated age-related decline in dopamine transporter binding in normal subjects as well as significant reductions in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease, which correlates with the disease severity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York 11030, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kazumata
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dhawan
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chaly
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Antonini
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Margouleff
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Belakhlef
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Neumeyer
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Eidelberg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D005260:Female; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D008875:Middle Aged; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed; D014326:Tropanes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D014326:Tropanes; C087552:2-carbomethoxy-8-(3-fluoropropyl)-3-(4-iodophenyl)tropane; D004298:Dopamine