title: Prevalence rates of hearing impairment and comorbid conditions in older people: the Veneto Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the prevalence rate of hearing impairment, assessed by both the Sanders' questionnaire and the speech audiometry test, and its association with health-related factors in the older population of the Veneto region of Italy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  A community-based population.
  
  
  METHODS
  2398 noninstitutionalized individuals aged 65 years and older residing in the Veneto region of Italy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prevalence rates of hearing impairment and odds ratios for its association with potential risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of self-reported hearing impairment at home was 8.1% in men and 7.4% in women, and in a social environment it was 11.1% and 9.3%, respectively. Women were less likely to report hearing difficulties in both environments, and increased risks were found for depression, age, and poor self-rated health. Participants with diabetes or cognitive impairment had increased odds only at home, in contrast to people with a low education level, who had increased odds only in a social environment. The prevalence assessed by speech audiometry was 19% in both sexes. Increased age, diabetes, and poor self-rated health were associated with impaired speech intelligibility, cognitive impairment was associated with 4-fold increased odds among past users of alcohol, and men with a low education level were about three times as likely as others to have hearing impairment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Speech audiometry testing detected a higher prevalence of hearing impairment than use of a self-reported questionnaire and was associated with poor self-rated health, history of diabetes, and cognitive impairment among past users of alcohol and among men with low levels of education. The association between hearing deficit and depressive symptomatology was confirmed only with self-reported hearing impairment.
authors.affiliation: Center for Aging Study, National Research Council, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maggi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Minicuci
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martini
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Langlois
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Siviero
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pavan
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Enzi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D001302:Audiometry, Speech; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006304:Health Status; D006311:Hearing Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012931:Social Environment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires