title: Pulmonary infiltrates in neutropenic patients with acute leukemia during chemotherapy: outcome and prognostic factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine predictors of mortality from pulmonary infiltrates in neutropenic patients with acute leukemia during chemotherapy, and the significance of those factors related to the underlying malignancy and its therapy as well as of those related to the severity of the illness associated with pulmonary infiltrates.
  
  
  METHODS
  A historical cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A university teaching hospital and tertiary referral center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Overall, 53 patients with neutropenia during chemotherapy and with first episodes of pulmonary infiltrates during a 4-year period were studied. Prognostic analysis included 38 variables. Multivariate analyses were performed by logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The survival rate from pneumonia was 57% (30/53). The following eight parameters were significantly associated with death in univariate analysis: comorbidity present; development of "late" pulmonary infiltrates (> or = 14 days after hospital admission); heart rate > or = 100 beats/min; a ratio heart rate/systolic blood pressure (HR/SBP) > or = 1.2; urea nitrogen > 7 mmol/L; radiographic score > or = 3; neutropenia < 1.0x10(9)/L at the treatment end point; and failed complete remission. In a multivariate model including only parameters available at diagnosis of pulmonary infiltrates, the presence of a ratio HR/SBP > or = 1.2 and of a radiographic score > or = 3 remained independently associated with death. In a second model also including the evolutionary parameter neutropenia < or = 1.0x10(9)/L at the treatment end point, both parameters remained significant together with neutropenia <1.0x 10(9)/L at the treatment end point. The presence of a ratio HR/SBP > or = 1.2 was a strong marker of early death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both therapy- and malignancy-associated neutropenia as well as the severity of illness associated with pulmonary infiltrates are independent prognostic factors. Patients with a ratio HR/SBP > or = 1.2 at diagnosis of pulmonary infiltrates suffer from potentially reversible acute illness, are at risk for early death and, therefore, may be appropriate candidates for treatment in an ICU.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ewig
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Glasmacher
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ulrich
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wilhelm
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schäfer
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Nachtsheim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001752:Blast Crisis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007951:Leukemia, Myeloid / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents