title: Delayed vascular changes after antiangiogenic therapy with antivascular endothelial growth factor antibodies in human glioma xenografts in nude mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine the delayed effects of antivascular endothelial growth factor treatment on tumor growth and vascularity in a subcutaneous mouse tumor model of human glioblastoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Antivascular endothelial growth factor antibody treatment was administered for a period of 6 weeks, to suppress tumor growth. To detect late vascular effects, tumor vascular parameters for treated tumors and control tumors were analyzed 4 weeks thereafter. By that time, tumors had grown to adequate sizes (diameter, 8-10 mm) for comparison with untreated control tumors. Vascular parameters were quantified by using an image-analysis system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vascular density was significantly lower in antivascular endothelial growth factor antibody-treated tumors, compared with control tumors of similar size. The vascular architecture of treated tumors was also distinctly different, compared with control tumors, showing larger but sparser vessel structures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that antiangiogenic therapy may have a prolonged effect on the vascular architecture of certain tumors, resulting in enduring changes in the tumor vessels. Because tumor vasculature plays an important role in the sensitivity to various treatment modalities, these changes are likely to influence the responses of these tumors to further therapy.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Radiotherapy, University of Nijmegen, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Bernsen
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Rijken
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bakker
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: van der Kogel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005910:Glioma / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013997:Time Factors; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D008222:Lymphokines; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors