title: Harbinger. I: The development and evaluation of the first PACT replication.
abstract: While Assertive Community Treatment (originally known as the PACT program) is now recognized around the world as an effective model for rehabilitation of persons with severe mental illness, this was not the case 20 years ago. Harbinger of Grand Rapids, in Kent County, Michigan, was the first replication of the PACT model which sought fidelity and included an experimental design for assessing effectiveness. The design and results are presented from an initial 30-month and a follow-up 66-month evaluation of Harbinger. The 30-month evaluation showed significant differences favoring Harbinger vs, the control group on independent living, employment, and client functioning. At 66-months, there were fewer experimental-control group differences. The differences in results are analyzed in terms of design and data collection problems, changes in the treatment environment for the control group, and the longitudinal course of mental illness. The discussion focuses on next steps in ACT research, utilizing program theory to better establish the mechanisms for successful intervention models.
authors.affiliation: School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1106, USA.
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Mowbray
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Plum
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Masterton
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mulder
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003156:Community Mental Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D004651:Employment; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008603:Mental Health; D008824:Michigan; D008875:Middle Aged; D017146:Models, Organizational; D016730:Program Development; D015397:Program Evaluation; D013221:State Health Plans / Q000458:organization & administration*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States