title: Safety, pharmacokinetics, and antiretroviral activity of intravenous 9-[2-(R)-(Phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine, a novel anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) therapy, in HIV-infected adults.
abstract: 9-[2-(R)-(Phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine (PMPA) is a nucleotide analogue with potent antiretroviral activity in vitro and in simian models. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation clinical trial of intravenous PMPA monotherapy was conducted in 20 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults with CD4 cell counts of >/=200 cells/mm3 and plasma HIV RNA levels of >/=10,000 copies/ml. Two dose levels were evaluated (1 and 3 mg/kg of body weight/day). Ten subjects were enrolled at each dose level (eight randomized to receive PMPA and two randomized to receive placebo). On day 1, a single dose of PMPA or placebo was administered by intravenous infusion. Beginning on study day 8, PMPA or placebo was administered once daily for an additional 7 consecutive days. All subjects tolerated dosing without significant adverse events. Mean peak serum PMPA concentrations were 2.7 +/- 0.9 and 9.1 +/- 2.1 microgram/ml in the 1- and 3-mg/kg cohorts, respectively. Serum concentrations declined in a biexponential fashion, with a terminal half-life of 4 to 8 h. At 3 mg/kg/day, a single infusion of PMPA resulted in a 0.4 log10 median decline in plasma HIV RNA by study day 8. Following 7 consecutive days of study drug administration thereafter, the median changes in plasma HIV RNA from baseline were -1.1, -0.6, and 0.1 log10 in the 3-mg/kg/day, 1-mg/kg/day, and placebo dose groups, respectively. Following the final dose in the 3-mg/kg/day cohort, the reduction in HIV RNA was sustained for 7 days before returning toward baseline. Further studies evaluating an oral prodrug of PMPA are under way.
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Francisco, and San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, USA. sdeeks@sfaids.ucsf
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Deeks
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Barditch-Crovo
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Lietman
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Cundy
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Rooney
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Hellmann
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Safrin
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Kahn
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D063065:Organophosphonates; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D000068698:Tenofovir
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D063065:Organophosphonates; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D012367:RNA, Viral; D000068698:Tenofovir; D000225:Adenine