title: Memory monitoring by animals and humans.
abstract: The authors asked whether animals and humans would use similarly an uncertain response to escape indeterminate memories. Monkeys and humans performed serial probe recognition tasks that produced differential memory difficulty across serial positions (e.g., primacy and recency effects). Participants were given an escape option that let them avoid any trials they wished and receive a hint to the trial's answer. Across species, across tasks, and even across conspecifics with sharper or duller memories, monkeys and humans used the escape option selectively when more indeterminate memory traces were probed. Their pattern of escaping always mirrored the pattern of their primary memory performance across serial positions. Signal-detection analyses confirm the similarity of the animals' and humans' performances. Optimality analyses assess their efficiency. Several aspects of monkeys' performance suggest the cognitive sophistication of their decisions to escape.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Center for Cognitive Science, State University of New York at Buffalo 14260, USA. psysmith@acsu.buffalo.edu
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Shields
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Allendoerfer
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Washburn
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000818:Animals; D001364:Awareness; D003657:Decision Making; D006801:Humans; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D012691:Serial Learning; D017603:Signal Detection, Psychological