title: Anger management style and the prediction of treatment outcome among male and female chronic pain patients.
abstract: Anger is a prominent emotion experienced by chronic pain patients. Anecdotes suggest that anger predicts poor outcome following multidisciplinary pain programs, but no empirical evidence documents this link. We expected that patient anger expression or suppression would predict poor outcome following a pain program and that gender differences would emerge. Pre- to posttreatment measures of lifting capacity, walking endurance, depression, pain severity and activity level were collected from 101 chronic pain patients. An 'anger expression x gender' interaction was found such that anger expression among males was correlated negatively with lifting capacity improvements. 'Anger suppression x gender' interactions emerged such that anger suppression among males was correlated negatively with improvements in depression and general activities. These effects remained significant after controlling for trait anger. Thus, how anger is managed may exert unique influence on outcomes apart from the effects of mere anger proneness, at least among male pain patients.
authors.affiliation: Finch University of Health Sciences/Chicago Medical School, Department of Psychology, IL, USA.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Devine
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mahoney
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pawl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000786:Anger / Q000502:physiology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000150:complications; D009788:Occupational Therapy; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D018710:Pain Clinics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D059408:Pain Management; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D011581:Psychological Tests; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012737:Sex Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome