Ex-smokers and risk of hip fracture.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to examine the reversibility of the effect of smoking on hip fracture incidence rates.


METHODS
A 3-year follow-up cohort study was conducted involving 35,767 adults 50 years of age or older. Of these individuals, 421 suffered a hip fracture.


RESULTS
Among participants less than 75 years of age, the relative risk (RR) of hip fracture was elevated for ex-smokers, even for those who had quit smoking more than 5 years previously (men: RR = 4.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2, 15.3; women: RR = 1.3, 95% CI = 0.6, 3.0), but was not as high as that for current smokers (men: RR = 5.0, 95% CI = 1.5, 16.9; women: RR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.2, 3.1).


CONCLUSIONS
The effect of smoking on risk of hip fracture was not reversed completely 5 years after smoking cessation.
National Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway. lisa.forsen@samfunnsmed.uio.no
L
L
Forsén
K
K
Bjartveit
A
A
Bjørndal
T H
TH
Edna
H E
HE
Meyer
B
B
Schei
D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006306:Health Surveys; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013997:Time Factors