Apoptosis and programmed cell death: a role in cerebral ischemia.
Hypoxic-ischemic neuronal death has long been considered to represent necrosis, but it now appears that many brain neurons undergo apoptosis after either global or focal ischemic insults. Recent studies demonstrated: 1) DNA cleavage into oligonucleosome-sized fragments demonstrated by a typical ladder pattern; 2) early endonuclease activation, as demonstrated by the presence of high molecular weight DNA fragments (300 to 50 kbp); 3) chromatin condensation and apoptotic bodies formation; 4) activation of apoptosis-associated proteins. These results may indicate that apoptosis contributes to the development of the ischemic infarct and is probably substantially distinct from ischemia-triggered excitotoxicity, which tends to produce necrosis.
Université René Descartes-INSERM U29, Paris, France.
C
C
Charriaut-Marlangue
S
S
Remolleau
D
D
Aggoun-Zouaoui
Y
Y
Ben-Ari
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002470:Cell Survival; D002843:Chromatin / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D004247:DNA / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D009336:Necrosis; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000032:analysis; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein
D002843:Chromatin; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D004247:DNA