Radon-222 and gamma ray levels associated with the collection, processing, transmission, and utilization of natural gas.
The natural gas industry in British Columbia was investigated for exposure to radioactive contaminants such as radon-222 and lead-210. Radon activity associated with the gathering system ranged from 7-921 Bq/m3. The pipelines to the processing facility contained sludge that had a mean lead-210 activity of 0.494 Bq/g (0.379 standard deviation [SD]) and a mean radium-226 activity of 0.417 (0.398 SD). Within the processing facility the highest levels of radon were associated with propane production streams, and activities as high as 4958 Bq/m3 were found. Equipment handling these streams was also found to have a buildup of scale with lead-210, radium-224, and radium-226 activity. The transmission of salable gas to the consumer indicated a decrease in radon activity that was slightly lower than the estimated radon activity based on the half-life of radon, the distance from the production facility, and the speed of gas transmission. The risk of radon exposure to the worker was deemed well below the guidelines and would be controlled more than adequately by means of the occupational standards for the natural gas components. Gamma ray exposure was also well below the occupational standards. Radon exposure to the consumer was virtually nonexistent in the Vancouver region from both natural gas and propane. Although this might not be the case for consumers of propane closer to the production facilities, its contribution is likely to be minimal.
Department of Health Care and Epidemiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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van Netten
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Kan
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Anderson
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Morley
D001955:British Columbia; D005579:Fossil Fuels; D005720:Gamma Rays; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry; D007856:Lead Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000592:standards*; D011874:Radiometry; D011883:Radium / Q000032:analysis*; D011886:Radon / Q000032:analysis*
D005579:Fossil Fuels; D007856:Lead Radioisotopes; D011886:Radon; D011883:Radium