Pituitary function in the acute phase response in domestic farm animals: cytokines, prostaglandins, and secretion of ACTH.
Contained in this report is a review of available data on pituitary cytokines in domestic species of agricultural importance. The concept is advanced that the pituitary gland is essential to appropriate generation of host defense mechanisms and thus should be considered among other tissues contributing to innate immunity. The functions of these intrapituitary cytokines, principally IL-6, are discussed in the context of potential regulation of the pituitary-adrenal axis (ACTH secretion) via intrapituitary PGE2 generation during the acute-phase response to infectious/inflammatory stimuli. Data from other species are cited as appropriate for comparative purposes and elaboration of proposed mechanisms. However, the scope of the review is not intended to comprehensively cover the vast literature on proinflammatory cytokines and prostaglandins generated peripherally and centrally during host responses to inflammatory stimuli.
Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-0201, USA.
E J
EJ
Abraham
J N
JN
Morris-Hardeman
L M
LM
Swenson
E L
EL
Knoppel
B
B
Ramanathan
K J
KJ
Wright
D M
DM
Grieger
J E
JE
Minton
D000210:Acute-Phase Reaction / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic; D002417:Cattle; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000502:physiology; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010903:Pituitary Gland, Anterior / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013552:Swine
D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D015232:Dinoprostone; D007213:Indomethacin