Isovolume pressure/flow curves of rapid thoracoabdominal compressions in infants without respiratory disease.
To assess whether flow limitation can be achieved during rapid thoracoabdominal compressions (RTC), we performed esophageal pressure measurements in 11 healthy infants less than 3 months of age. Recordings of esophageal pressure were obtained with an esophageal balloon placed in the lower esophagus. RTCs were started at 20 cm H2O and increased to 140 cm H2O or until the infant responded with glottic closure to the compression. Flow limitation was assessed from isovolume pressure flow curves at peak flow and flow at FRC (V'max, FRC). The transmission of jacket pressure was higher at peak flow than at FRC for pressures below 60 cm H2O, due to active inspiration during the compression. Active inspiration was not observed at compression pressures above 80 cm H2O, as reflected by a plateau in the esophageal pressure tracing. Esophageal pressure increased parallel to the compression pressure at jacket pressures below 60 cm H2O. The relationship between jacket pressure and esophageal pressure became curvilinear at high compression pressures and plateaued at compressions above 100 cm H2O, so that further increases in jacket pressure did not increase esophageal pressure. Flow limitation was seen in all infants studied, as indicated by a lack of increase in flow with increasing esophageal pressures for V'max, FRC. Jacket compression pressures of 60 cm H2O and esophageal pressures of 20 cm H2O were sufficient to reach maximal expiratory flow. These data indicate that jacket pressure is a poor indicator of pleural pressure at high compression pressures in young healthy infants, and high pressures are not needed, as flow limitation is seen during RTCs at moderate compression pressures.
Ratjen
F
F
Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Germany.
Grasemann
H
H
Wolstein
R
R
Wiesemann
H G
HG
D004947:Esophagus / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005652:Functional Residual Capacity; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011312:Pressure; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests