Behavioural and biological correlates of physical functioning in middle aged office workers: the UK whitehall II study.
OBJECTIVE
(1) To identify behavioural and biological correlates of poor physical functioning and (2) to determine whether such associations are independent of disease.


METHODS
Potential correlates were obtained from questionnaires and screening visits at baseline and five year follow up. Physical functioning was measured at follow up using the 10 item scale from the short-form 36 health survey.


METHODS
London offices at baseline.


METHODS
10,308 civil servants (6895 men and 3413 women), with a median age (range) of 49 years (39-63) at follow up.


RESULTS
Multiple logistic regression showed that cigarette smoking, physical activity, body mass index (BMI), triglycerides, fibrinogen, and insulin were independently associated with poor physical functioning for men. For women, physical activity, eating habits, body mass index, fibrinogen, and insulin were independently associated with poor physical functioning. For example, among men, current smokers who had smoked more than 20 pack years were 1.89 (95% CI 1.35 to 2.67) times as likely to have poor physical functioning as never smokers. Men with BMI of 30 kg/m2 or more were 1.71 (95% CI 1.13 to 2.59) times as likely to have poor physical functioning as those with BMI < 20 kg/m2. The corresponding odds ratio for women was 2.66 (95% CI 1.80 to 3.93). With the exceptions of fibrinogen and insulin, associations remained on exclusion of subjects with physical disease.


CONCLUSIONS
Risk factors established for physical diseases are associated with poor physical functioning in a population of working age. These associations may be independent of current disease.
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL Medical School, London.
M
M
Stafford
H
H
Hemingway
S A
SA
Stansfeld
E
E
Brunner
M
M
Marmot
D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008131:London / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires