Influence of tempering on the feeding value of rolled corn in finishing diets for feedlot cattle.
Crossbred yearling steers (n = 125; 372 kg) were used in a 109-d finishing trial. Steers were fed an 88% concentrate diet containing 65% corn (DM basis) as 1) dry rolled corn (DRC); 2) tempered rolled corn (TRC), 43 mg surfactant (SarTemp)/kg corn; 3) TRC, 172 mg surfactant/kg corn; 4) TRC, 430 mg surfactant/kg corn; and 5) steam-flaked corn (SFC). Corn moisture was greater (3.5%, P < .01) for TRC than for DRC but less (10%, P < .05) than for SFC. Starch enzymatic reactivity was less for TRC than for either DRC (18%, P < .05) or SFC (42%, P < .01). Tempering increased the integrity of rolled corn and reduced the amount of particles less than 2 mm in diameter by 54% (P < .01). Steam flaking corn increased (P < .01) proportion (78%) of the grain having a particle size distribution of greater than 8 mm, as compared with TRC (25%) and DRC (3%). Compared with DRC, tempering enhanced (P < .10) ADG (9%), feed efficiency (5%), and dietary NE (3%). Daily weight gain was similar (P > .10) for TRC and SFC. Feed efficiency (P < .10) and dietary NE (P < .01) were greater (6%) for SFC than for TRC. There were no differences (P > .10) between DRC and TRC in ruminal and total tract digestion of OM, N, and starch, and in ruminal microbial efficiency. Ruminal digestion of OM decreased (linear effect, P < .05) and ruminal microbial efficiency increased (linear effect, P < .05) with increasing surfactant concentration. Ruminal digestion of OM and starch, and flow of nonammonia N to the small intestine were greater (31, 56, and 14%, respectively, P < .01) for SFC than for TRC. Postruminal and total tract digestion of OM, N, and starch, and dietary DE were greater (P < .01) for SFC than for TRC. We concluded that tempering corn will enhance animal performance. Increasing the concentration of surfactant used in tempering may enhance ruminal microbial efficiency and lean tissue growth.
Desert Research and Extension Center, University of California, El Centro 92243, USA.
R A
RA
Zinn
E G
EG
Alvarez
M F
MF
Montaño
A
A
Plascencia
J E
JE
Ramirez
D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000254:growth & development; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000592:standards*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D004063:Digestion; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000592:standards; D024510:Muscle Development; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000254:growth & development; D009753:Nutritive Value; D010316:Particle Size; D011897:Random Allocation; D012417:Rumen / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology; D013150:Spirostans; D013227:Steam; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014867:Water; D015430:Weight Gain; D003313:Zea mays / Q000378:metabolism / Q000592:standards*
D013150:Spirostans; D013227:Steam; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014867:Water; C046297:sarsasapogenin