Flk couples flgM translation to flagellar ring assembly in Salmonella typhimurium.
The hook-basal body (HBB) is a key intermediate structure in the flagellar assembly pathway in Salmonella typhimurium. The FlgM protein inhibits the flagellum-specific transcription factor sigma28 in the absence of the intact HBB structure and is secreted out of the cell following HBB completion. The flk gene encodes a positive regulator of the activity of FlgM at an assembly step just prior to HBB completion: at the point of assembly of the P- and L-rings. FlgM inhibition of sigma28-dependent class 3 flagellar gene transcription was relieved in P- and L-ring assembly mutants (flgA, flgH, and flgI) by introduction of a null mutation in the flk gene (J. E. Karlinsey et al., J. Bacteriol. 179:2389-2400, 1997). In P- and L-ring mutant strains, recessive mutations in flk resulted in a reduction in intracellular FlgM levels to those seen in wild-type (Fla+) strains. The reduction in intracellular FlgM levels by mutations in the flk gene was concomitant with a 10-fold increase in transcription of the flgMN operon compared to that of the isogenic flk+ strain, while transcription of the flgAMN operon was unaffected. This was true for both direct measurement of the flgAMN and flgMN mRNA transcripts by RNase T2 protection assays and for lac operon fusions to either the flgAMN or flgMN promoter. Loss of Flk did not allow secretion of FlgM through basal-body structures lacking the P- and L-rings. Intracellular FlgM was stable to proteolysis, and turnover occurred primarily after export out of the cell. Loss of Flk did not result in increased FlgM turnover in either P- or L-ring mutant strains. With lacZ translational fusions to flgM, a null mutation in flk resulted in a significant reduction of flgM-lacZ mRNA translation, expressed from the class 3 flgMN promoter, in P- and L-ring mutant strains. No reduction in either flgAMN or flgMN mRNA stability was measured in the absence of Flk in Fla+, ring mutant, or HBB deletion strains. We conclude that the reduction in the intracellular FlgM levels by mutation in the flk gene is only at the level of flgM mRNA translation.
Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
J E
JE
Karlinsey
H C
HC
Tsui
M E
ME
Winkler
K T
KT
Hughes
D000483:Alleles; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D005407:Flagella / Q000235:genetics* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D005809:Genes, Regulator; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008961:Models, Structural; D009024:Morphogenesis; D009154:Mutation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D018085:Regulon; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000235:genetics* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D012808:Sigma Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis
D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C064971:FliA protein, Bacteria; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D012808:Sigma Factor; C071266:FlgM protein, Bacteria