Autocrine self-elimination of cultured ovarian cancer cells by tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha).
Human ovarian adenocarcinoma cells N.1 secrete an autocrine activity that stimulates active cell death under serum-reduced conditions. To substitute the autocrine activity by a single physiological component, 28 cytokines, growth factors and biomodulators were tested [interleukin 1alpha (IL-1alpha), IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-11, stem cell factor (SCF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), acid fibroblast growth factor (aFGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), IGF-2, insulin, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), oncostatin, RANTES (regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted), angiogenin, leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF), erythropoietin (EPO), interferon alpha (INF-alpha), INF-gamma, transferrin, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha, TNF-beta and bovine serum albumin for control reasons]. In these experiments, only TNF-alpha and TNF-beta rapidly induced apoptosis. TNF-alpha and TNF-receptor 1 were expressed by N.1 cells, and the secretion of TNF-alpha was verified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Autocrine factor-triggered apoptosis was inhibited when conditioned supernatant was preincubated with anti-TNF-alpha antibody. These findings suggested that the apoptosis-inducing component of the N.1 autocrine activity was TNF-alpha. In the presence of antisense c-myc oligonucleotides, induction of cell death by autocrine factor was partly inhibited. Autocrine factor and TNF-alpha stimulated transcription of the invasiveness-related protease plasminogen activator/urokinase mRNA (upa) with similar kinetics. When N.1 cells were exposed to purified plasminogen activator/urokinase protein (uPA), cell matrix contact was disrupted. Thus, uPA might serve a physiological role during TNF-induced apoptosis by affecting the interactions between cells and the basal membrane, thereby facilitating anoikis. This mechanistic study, which was restricted to a single human ovarian carcinoma model cell line (N.1), provides evidence that N.1 maintains the capacity to undergo c-myc-dependent apoptosis by the TNF-TNF-receptor pathway, and no additional pharmacological stimuli for induction of apoptosis are required.
Simonitsch
I
I
Institute of Clinical Pathology, University of Vienna, Austria.
Krupitza
G
G
D000906:Antibodies / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D019898:Autocrine Communication / Q000502:physiology*; D002450:Cell Communication; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000378:metabolism; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000378:metabolism*
D000906:Antibodies; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator