Activation and cell cycle antigens in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells correlate with plasma human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) RNA level in HIV-1 infection.
The relationship between T cell activation and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication was studied in HIV-infected subjects, 20 with and 10 without anti-HIV treatment. Expression of Ki-67 proliferation-associated antigen was increased in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and correlated with HLA-DR. In subjects without anti-HIV treatment, the plasma HIV-1 RNA level correlated with HLA-DR in CD4+ T cells, with Ki-67 in CD8+ T cells, and with expression of CD38 in both T cell subsets. A proportion of treated subjects had increased T cell activation despite 4 months of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART). In subjects receiving HAART, a high percentage of HLA-DR+ CD4+ T cells was associated with signs of opportunistic infections. This work supports the concept that, in the natural course of HIV-1 infection, HIV replication itself leads to general T cell activation and that opportunistic infections generate additional CD4+ T cell activation and HIV replication.
Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.
J M
JM
Orendi
A C
AC
Bloem
J C
JC
Borleffs
F J
FJ
Wijnholds
N M
NM
de Vos
H S
HS
Nottet
M R
MR
Visser
H
H
Snippe
J
J
Verhoef
C A
CA
Boucher
D036541:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase; D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1; D000328:Adult; D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000032:analysis; D015415:Biomarkers; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D015488:HIV Antigens / Q000032:analysis*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000254:growth & development*; D006801:Humans; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D008875:Middle Aged; D009244:NAD+ Nucleosidase / Q000032:analysis; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000276:immunology*; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin / Q000032:analysis
D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D015415:Biomarkers; D015488:HIV Antigens; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D012367:RNA, Viral; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin; D036541:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase; C498154:CD38 protein, human; D009244:NAD+ Nucleosidase; D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1