The effects of Malassezia on pro-inflammatory cytokine production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro.
Malassezia spp., the causative agents of pityriasis versicolor, are members of the normal human cutaneous microflora. Utilizing a combination of both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and bioassay, we have investigated the ability of both formalin-preserved and viable Malassezia (serovars A, B and C) to modulate pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-6, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha) release by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) in vitro, over a 48-h co-incubation period. The results demonstrated that formalin-preserved Malassezia (serovars A, B and C) at mid-exponential phase were generally able to induce a pro-inflammatory cytokine response at a yeast cell to PBMNC ratio of 1:1. In addition, the results consistently demonstrated that at a yeast cell to PBMNC ratio of 20:1, formalin-preserved Malassezia, irrespective of serovar, growth phase or PBMNC donor, were capable of significantly (P<0.05) decreasing the release of both immunochemical IL-6 and IL-1beta plus bioactive IL-1beta and TNF-alpha below that of unstimulated culture medium control values. This was apparent following 24- and 48-h co-incubation times, where maximal cytokine production was detected after 24 h. Similar results were obtained for the effect of viable Malassezia on pro-inflammatory cytokine release by PBMNC. Our results suggest that a possible inhibitory component, present perhaps within the cell wall of Malassezia, was responsible for this depressive effect on pro-inflammatory cytokine production.
The Skin Research Centre, Department of Microbiology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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S
Kesavan
C E
CE
Walters
K T
KT
Holland
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E
Ingham
D001681:Biological Assay; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005557:Formaldehyde; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D007700:Kinetics; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D008290:Malassezia / Q000276:immunology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D005557:Formaldehyde