Assessment and management of antipsychotic-induced adverse events.
OBJECTIVE
To review and discuss the spectrum of adverse events caused by antipsychotic agents that can directly influence the outcome of treatment by interfering with patient acceptance of and adherence to therapy.


METHODS
The adverse effects of traditional and second-generation antipsychotic medications were discussed during a series of clinical workshops attended by psychiatrists from across Canada. The various adverse effects of antipsychotic drugs as well as their assessment and management are reviewed.


RESULTS
Simple techniques for assessing adverse effects such as extrapyrimidal symptoms (EPS) are described. In some cases, adverse effects can be managed by dosage reduction and/or the use of adjunctive therapies such as antiparkinsonian agents and benzodiazepines. However, in some patients dose reduction carries the risk of symptom reemergence, while the commonly used adjunctive medications are associated with adverse effects of their own.


CONCLUSIONS
Treatment-related side effects often require a reduction in dosage or a change in medication. Proper management can help encourage patient compliance and improve the outcome of antipsychotic treatment. The availability of the newer atypical antipsychotics offers another alternative, because they are associated with a much lower incidence of antipsychotic-induced side effects.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Western Ontario. lcortese@julian.uwo.ca
L
L
Cortese
E
E
Pourcher-Bouchard
R
R
Williams
D017109:Akathisia, Drug-Induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002799:Cholinergic Fibers / Q000187:drug effects; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D004421:Dystonia / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D011570:Psychiatry / Q000379:methods*; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*
D014150:Antipsychotic Agents