Analyte-receptor binding kinetics for biosensor applications. An analysis of the influence of the fractal dimension on the binding rate coefficient.
The diffusion-limited binding kinetics of antigen (analyte), in solution with antibody (receptor) immobilized on a biosensor surface, is analyzed within a fractal framework. Most of the data presented is adequately described by a single-fractal analysis. This was indicated by the regression analysis provided by Sigmaplot. A single example of a dual-fractal analysis is also presented. It is of interest to note that the binding-rate coefficient (k) and the fractal dimension (Df) both exhibit changes in the same and in the reverse direction for the antigen-antibody systems analyzed. Binding-rate coefficient expressions, as a function of the Df developed for the antigen-antibody binding systems, indicate the high sensitivity of the k on the Df when both a single- and a dual-fractal analysis are used. For example, for a single-fractal analysis, and for the binding of antibody Mab 0.5 beta in solution to gp120 peptide immobilized on a BIAcore biosensor, the order of dependence on the Df was 4.0926. For a dual-fractal analysis, and for the binding of 25-100 ng/mL TRITC-LPS (lipopolysaccharide) in solution with polymyxin B immobilized on a fiberoptic biosensor, the order of dependence of the binding-rate coefficients, k1 and k2, on the fractal dimensions, Df1 and Df2, were 7.6335 and -11.55, respectively. The fractional order of dependence of the k(s) on the Df(s) further reinforces the fractal nature of the system. The k(s) expressions developed as a function of the Df(s) are of particular value, since they provide a means to better control biosensor performance, by linking it to the heterogeneity on the surface, and further emphasize, in a quantitative sense, the importance of the nature of the surface in biosensor performance.
Sadana
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Chemical Engineering Department, University of Mississippi, University 38677-9740, USA.
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000378:metabolism; D000937:Antigen-Antibody Reactions; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D017709:Fractals; D007700:Kinetics; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000378:metabolism*
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D010455:Peptides; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic