Immunohistochemical localization of redox factor-1 (Ref-1) in Alzheimer's hippocampus.
Redox factor-1 (Ref-1) is a dual-function protein involved in both DNA repair and transcriptional regulation. Ref-1 is modulated by cerebral ischemia and other oxidative stressors, and also regulates the DNA-binding activities of transcription factors implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related neurodegeneration. The present study examined Ref-1 expression in the AD hippocampus by immunohistochemistry. Although Ref-1 immunostaining was relatively low in control brain sections, senile plaques and other plaque-like structures in the AD brain were Ref-1-positive. Cells with increased Ref-1 immunoreactivity were also observed in regions of neuronal injury. These results suggest that Ref-1 might contribute to senile plaque formation, and that overexpression of Ref-1 in injured neurons may be part of a response to oxidative stress and an attempt to repair damaged DNA in AD.
Department of Neurology, USC School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D019757:Carbon-Oxygen Lyases / Q000378:metabolism*; D043603:DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase; D004706:Endodeoxyribonucleases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D017966:Pyramidal Cells / Q000378:metabolism
D004706:Endodeoxyribonucleases; D019757:Carbon-Oxygen Lyases; C085108:APEX1 protein, human; D043603:DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase