Results of primary and two-stage repair of interrupted aortic arch.
OBJECTIVE
Early results of primary and two-stage repair of interrupted aortic arch have improved. Experience with different surgical approaches should be analysed and compared.


METHODS
Forty neonates and infants with interrupted aortic arch underwent primary repair (19 patients) or palliative operation (21 patients). Twenty (50%) patients were followed-up for 5.1+/-4.3 years. All patients were regularly examined with the aim of determining clinical development, presence of residual lesions or complications and need for re-intervention. Aortic arch and the left ventricular outflow tract growth were assessed by echocardiographic examination. Data from hospital and outpatient department records were analysed.


RESULTS
The early mortality was 61.9% after palliative operations and 36.8% after the primary repair. Presence of complications (P < 0.001), earlier year of surgery (P < 0.01), bad clinical condition and acidosis (P < 0.05) represented statistically significant risk factors for death in the whole series. In seven (87.5%) out of eight early survivors, after the initial palliative operation, closure of ventricular septal defect and debanding were done, and in three (37.5%) patients, re-operation for aortic arch obstruction was also required. Out of 12 patients, after the primary repair, one required early re-operation for persistent left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and two needed late re-intervention for left bronchus obstruction. In three (25%) patients, after the primary repair, left ventricular outflow tract obstruction with a maximal systolic pressure gradient higher than 30 mmHg developed. At present, all 20 early survivors are alive. Five patients, after palliative operation, are in NYHA class 1, but in three patients, who are in class III or IV, the outcome is influenced by severe complications. All patients after the primary repair are in class I or II.


CONCLUSIONS
Our experience confirmed better results after the primary repair of interrupted aortic arch, which was associated with lower mortality, prevalence of severe complications and need for re-intervention. Higher prevalence of subaortic stenosis after primary repair could be explained by patient selection early in our experience. We recommend the primary repair of interrupted aortic arch and associated heart lesions in neonates, however, in unfavourable conditions an individualised surgical approach with initial palliative surgery should be considered.
Tláskal
T
T
Kardiocentrum, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic. tomas tlaskal@1f motol.cuni.cz
Hucín
B
B
Hruda
J
J
Marek
J
J
Chaloupecký
V
V
Kostelka
M
M
Janousek
J
J
Skovránek
J
J
D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical / Q000379:methods*; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D001018:Aortic Diseases / Q000151:congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000601:surgery; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D010166:Palliative Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013348:Subclavian Artery / Q000601:surgery; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures