Antienvelope antibodies are protective against GBV-C reinfection: evidence from the liver transplant model.
An assay for the detection of antibody against the second envelope (E2) protein of GB virus type C (GBV-C) has been developed. Early reports suggested that this antibody was a marker of viral clearance, yet it is unknown whether anti-E2 is protective against further GBV-C infection. The primary aims were to determine (1) if posttransplantation immunosuppression alters the prevalence of anti-E2; and (2) if anti-E2 positivity pretransplantation protects against acquisition of GBV-C infection posttransplantation. Fifty-four recipients who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation for end-stage liver disease of nonviral etiologies were tested for GBV-C RNA using a PCR-based assay and anti-E2 antibodies by an enzyme-linked immunoassay. Anti-E2 was present in 35% and in 46% of patients pre- and posttransplantation, respectively. Anti-E2 positivity pretransplantation was strongly associated with anti-E2 positivity after transplantation (P < 0.001); 83% of patients with anti-E2 prior to transplantation remained anti-E2-positive after transplantation. A negative association between presence of GBV-C viremia and presence of anti-E2 was found in all patients tested either prior to or following transplantation (P=0.03). Acquisition of GBV-C infection was significantly lower in patients who were anti-E2-positive prior to transplantation (2/13) compared to those who were anti-E2-negative (12/26) (P=0.05). It is concluded that immunosuppression does not reduce the prevalence of anti-E2 after transplantation in those who are seroreactive prior to transplantation. Anti-E2 appears to be a neutralizing antibody whose presence at the time of liver transplantation protects against acquisition of GBV-C infection in the peritransplantation period.
Department of Medicine, University of California, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, USA.
H M
HM
Hassoba
M G
MG
Pessoa
N A
NA
Terrault
N J
NJ
Lewis
M
M
Hayden
J C
JC
Hunt
X
X
Qiu
S C
SC
Lou
T L
TL
Wright
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D018067:Flaviviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D006525:Hepatitis, Viral, Human / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D012008:Recurrence; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D014766:Viremia / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology
D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies; D012367:RNA, Viral; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; C107619:glycoprotein E2, GB virus C