The non-synaptic expression of transforming growth factor-beta 2 is neurally regulated and varies between skeletal muscle fibre types.
In adult skeletal muscles, transforming growth factor-beta 2 is restricted to the postsynaptic domain of the neuromuscular junction. The various putative functions of this transforming growth factor-beta 2 predict different patterns of transforming growth factor-beta 2 expression in denervated muscles. We therefore denervated rat tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles and examined the expression of transforming growth factor-beta 2 using semi-quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Denervation up-regulated transforming growth factor-beta 2 expression extrasynaptically with little or no effect on synaptic expression. The up-regulation was detectable by one day, had become significant by three days and remained elevated for at least two weeks. This proves that the transforming growth factor-beta 2 associated with the neuromuscular junction is not under neural control and is consistent with transforming growth factor-beta 2 being a trophic factor for motoneurons. This pattern of transforming growth factor-beta 2 expression is similar to that described for other proteins associated with the neuromuscular junction, notably the acetylcholine receptor subunit genes. However, in contrast to the acetylcholine receptor subunit genes, the extent of up-regulation of transforming growth factor-beta 2 varied between fibre types, with the glycolytic IIB fibres being less affected than other fibre types.
Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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McLennan
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Koishi
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Zhang
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Murakami
D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival; D003714:Denervation; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000166:cytology; D018656:Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch / Q000378:metabolism*; D018657:Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch / Q000378:metabolism*; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation / Q000378:metabolism*; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D013569:Synapses; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
D009124:Muscle Proteins; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta