A review of behavioral and pharmacological treatments for habit disorders in individuals with mental retardation.
This paper reviews the prevalence and behavioral and pharmacological treatment-outcome studies for habit disorders exhibited by individuals with mental retardation. The treatment-outcome studies target the habit disorders identified previously by researchers including nervous habits (nail biting, bruxism, and trichotillomania), motor and vocal tics, and Tourette's disorder. The paucity of behavioral treatments and the lack of controlled pharmacological research warrants further experimental evaluation of treatments for habit disorders affecting individuals with mental retardation. Conclusions and recommendations for future research are made.
Long
E S
ES
Department of Psychology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105, USA.
Miltenberger
R G
RG
D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D002012:Bruxism / Q000628:therapy; D003192:Compulsive Behavior / Q000628:therapy*; D007174:Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D006184:Habits; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000150:complications*; D009259:Nail Biting / Q000628:therapy; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016728:Self-Injurious Behavior / Q000628:therapy; D013981:Tic Disorders / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014256:Trichotillomania / Q000628:therapy
D011619:Psychotropic Drugs