Adverse outcomes following endoscopic repair of a fetal cleft lip using an ovine model.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to determine if endoscopic techniques could be used to repair an epithelialized lip cleft with accuracy and with an outcome comparable to fetuses treated through an open hysterotomy.


RESULTS
In contrast to previous open fetal cleft lip repairs in the same model, none of the five fetuses reported here had a good aesthetic result. Although there was no evidence of scar histologically, the edges of the lip were poorly approximated. The epithelial lining and underlying dermis of the wound margins were notably inverted. The orbicularis oris muscle, which had been reapproximated, appeared thin and hypoplastic. Most of the vermilion elements were poorly aligned, and in one animal, there was a complete dehiscence of the repair.


CONCLUSIONS
In a more representative model of cleft lip that is not an acute lip wound, in utero endoscopic suture repair of the ovine lip gave a poor result using current technology. Only a meticulously performed, multilayered, open repair of a cleft appears to give a good cosmetic and functional outcome. Further studies to improve the endoscopic repair as our technology advances are therefore warranted.
Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
E J
EJ
Stelnicki
K
K
Vanderwall
W Y
WY
Hoffman
Z
Z
Szabo
M R
MR
Harrison
R
R
Foster
M T
MT
Longaker
D000818:Animals; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000473:pathology; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000601:surgery*; D020405:Dermis / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004724:Endoscopy; D004848:Epithelium / Q000601:surgery; D004954:Esthetics; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D005332:Fetoscopy; D008046:Lip / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D009055:Mouth / Q000473:pathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D012756:Sheep; D013529:Surgical Wound Dehiscence / Q000473:pathology; D013536:Suture Techniques; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014599:Uterus / Q000601:surgery