Monitoring of occupational exposure to dichloromethane by diffuse vapor sampling and urinalysis.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the present study was to develop valid methods for monitoring of occupational exposure to dichloromethane (DCM).


METHODS
Carbon cloth as an adsorbent in diffusive sampling was tested for its capacity to adsorb DCM vapor and to retain adsorbed DCM after termination of the exposure. Urine samples collected from DCM-exposed workers were analyzed for DCM by the head-space technique. After extraction with carbon disulfide, DCM in the cloth was analyzed on a DB-WAX capillary column by flame-ionization detection gas chromatography (FID-GC) and DCM in urine was analyzed by electron-capture detection (ECD)-GC.


RESULTS
The diffusive sampling with carbon cloth as an adsorbent is applicable to 4-h monitoring of exposure to up to 100 ppm DCM vapor. DCM concentrations detected in end-of-shift urine samples correlated linearly with time-weighted average DCM concentrations measured in the breathing-zone air of the exposed workers; essentially the same exposure-excretion relationship was obtained by vapor monitoring for the afternoon 4-h period as compared with a whole day (8-h) of vapor monitoring. There was no sex difference in the exposure-excretion relation.


CONCLUSIONS
Both personal diffusive sampling (at up to 100 ppm DCM and for up to 4 h) and biological exposure monitoring by urinalysis for DCM are applicable in occupational health as reliable measures of exposure to this chlorinated hydrocarbon solvent.
Ukai
H
H
Kyoto Industrial Health Association, Japan.
Okamoto
S
S
Takada
S
S
Inui
S
S
Kawai
T
T
Higashikawa
K
K
Ikeda
M
M
D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000032:analysis*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D004058:Diffusion; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008752:Methylene Chloride / Q000032:analysis* / Q000652:urine*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000379:methods*
D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D008752:Methylene Chloride