Screening calcaneal ultrasound and risk factors for osteoporosis among lesbians and heterosexual women.
We compared calcaneal ultrasound measurements (speed of sound [SOS], broadband ultrasound attenuation [BUA], and stiffness index [SI]) of lesbian and heterosexual women to examine the medical and lifestyle risk factors for osteoporosis in each group. This was an exploratory, community-based, cross-sectional study. Subjects were mailed food frequency, health, and physical activity questionnaires. Weight, height, and calcaneal ultrasound measurements were taken at one office visit. In communities in southern and eastern Maine, 71 lesbians and 77 heterosexual women between the ages of 30 and 50 with regular menses and in good general health were the subjects. Statistical analysis used t-tests and chi-square tests to evaluate differences between study groups. Linear regression models were used to evaluate risk factors for low calcaneal ultrasound measurements. There were no differences between the lesbian and heterosexual women in age, body mass index (BMI), exercise, calcium intake, alcohol use, or calcaneal ultrasound measurements. There was a positive association between BUA and both BMI and alcohol consumption (p < 0.01). Antidepressant use significantly reduced SOS and SI (p < 0.05). There were no differences in calcaneal ultrasound measurements between lesbian and heterosexual women. BMI was strongly and positively associated with BUA. Antidepressant use in both populations was associated with a significant reduction in calcaneal bone mass. Studies are needed to define the relationship of depression and its treatment to bone mineral density and the future risk of osteoporosis.
Maine Center for Osteoporosis Research and Education, St. Joseph Hospital, Bangor, USA.
C L
CL
Patton
P S
PS
Millard
C R
CR
Kessenich
D
D
Storm
E
E
Kinnicutt
C J
CJ
Rosen
D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002111:Calcaneus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D018452:Homosexuality, Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008875:Middle Aged; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography