Clinical utility of markers of bone turnover in children and adolescents.
We review the past years' literature on biochemical markers of bone turnover. A general introduction to markers of bone formation and bone resorption is followed by reference values of bone turnover in neonates, infants, and prepubertal and pubertal children. We describe intervention with calcium and physical activity in healthy children and bone turnover in patients. The predictive value of a single measurement of bone markers in individuals is poor, due to the large biologic intraperson variation for bone markers in general. Serious osteoporosis can be diagnosed by the combined results of measurement of several bone formation and resorption markers.
de Ridder
C M
CM
Research Institute for Endocrinology, Reproduction and Metabolism, University Hospital Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Delemarre-van de Waal
H A
HA
D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D015982:Bias; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000502:physiology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
D015415:Biomarkers; D002118:Calcium