Assessment of EPS and tardive dyskinesia in clinical trials. Collaborative Working Group on Clinical Trial Evaluations.
The incidence of acute extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)--akathisia, dystonia, and parkinsonism--associated with traditional antipsychotics varies, but most researchers agree that neuroleptic-induced EPS occur in 50% to 75% of patients who take conventional antipsychotics. Atypical antipsychotics were developed to widen the therapeutic index and to reduce EPS. Although the mechanisms are unclear, the risk of EPS is less with the novel antipsychotics than with conventional drugs, and agents that produce low levels of acute EPS are likely to produce less tardive dyskinesia. Nevertheless, clinicians should exercise caution when comparing data from investigations of the novel antipsychotics and, until long-term data become available, should administer the new drugs at doses below the EPS-producing level.
D017109:Akathisia, Drug-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001480:Basal Ganglia Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003024:Clozapine / Q000009:adverse effects; D003987:Dibenzothiazepines / Q000009:adverse effects; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D004421:Dystonia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D000077152:Olanzapine; D010302:Parkinson Disease, Secondary / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D010890:Pirenzepine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy; D000069348:Quetiapine Fumarate; D018967:Risperidone / Q000009:adverse effects; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology
D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D003987:Dibenzothiazepines; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D000069348:Quetiapine Fumarate; D010890:Pirenzepine; D003024:Clozapine; D018967:Risperidone; D000077152:Olanzapine