Role of Anopheles quadrimaculatus and Coquillettidia perturbans (Diptera: Culicidae) in the transmission cycle of Cache Valley virus (Bunyaviridae: Bunyavirus) in the midwest, USA.
Midwestern populations of Coquillettidia perturbans (Walker) and Anopheles quadrimaculatus (Say) were tested for their ability to transmit Cache Valley virus (CV), a recognized human and animal pathogen. Field-collected mosquitoes were fed artificial blood meals containing 5.2-6.2 log10 pfu/ml of CV. After 9-23 d at 28 degrees C, 75-93% of blood-fed Cq. perturbans had disseminated infections and 6-62% transmitted the virus to suckling mice. However, when infected with a lower virus titer (3.3 log10 pfu/ml), only 10-36% of the mosquitoes had disseminated infections and 0-10% transmitted the virus to suckling mice. A similar infection rate (21%) was observed in Cq. perturbans fed on viremic (3.2 log10 pfu/ml) hamsters. An. quadrimaculatus were infected (81-100%) by both doses used, with transmission rates ranging from 13-67% after 16-23 d of incubation. Transmission rates for the laboratory strain An. quadrimaculatus SAVANNAH ranged from 20 to 33% after 7-14 d of incubation. Our data show that although An. quadrimaculatus is more susceptible to CV infections than Cq. perturbans, both mosquito species could be involved in the midwestern transmission cycle of the virus.
Blackmore
C G
CG
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
Blackmore
M S
MS
Grimstad
P R
PR
D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000821:virology*; D002042:Bunyamwera virus / Q000502:physiology*; D002044:Bunyaviridae Infections / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000635:transmission*; D006224:Cricetinae; D009033:Culicidae / Q000821:virology*; D005843:Geography; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D015146:Midwestern United States; D014766:Viremia / Q000503:physiopathology