[Antihypertensive action and predictive factors of efficacy of benazepril in mild-to-moderate hypertension: clinical trial in general medical practice on 16,987 patients].
The aim of the study was to evaluate in general practice, in a large and unselected population of patients, the efficacy and safety of benazepril associated or not with hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and to identify clinical and demographic predictive factors of antihypertensive efficacy. In this open uncontrolled study, 16,987 patients with mild to moderate hypertension were included by 5350 GPs. They received benazepril (BNZ) 10 mg once daily for 8 weeks. If sitting DBP remained > 90 mmHg after 4 weeks, HCTZ 12.5 mg once a day was then added for the last 4 weeks.


RESULTS
In the intent to treat analysis, 54.5% of patients, after 4 weeks, and 80.6% of patients after 8 weeks, were controlled (DBP < 90 mmHg). Mean sitting DBP decreased from 100.5 +/- 5.5 mmHg (baseline) to 86.7 +/- 7.5 mmHg after 4 weeks and to 82.5 +/- 6.5 mmHg after 8 weeks. Mean SBP decreased from 169.5 +/- 13.1 mmHg to 150.5 +/- 12.5 mmHg after 4 weeks and to 145.0 +/- 10.9 mmHg after 8 weeks. Of the 16,900 patients included in the safety analysis, 853 (5.0%) dropped out of the study, 504 (3.0%) for adverse events (AE). The most frequent AE were: cough (3.5%), headache (0.9%), dizziness (0.8%), asthenia (0.6%) and nausea (0.5%). 13 deaths were observed during the study, mainly due to stroke or cancer. Six cases of raised serum creatinine level, 3 cases of angio-oedema and 2 cases of hepatitis were also reported. After 8 weeks of treatment, the main predictors of therapeutic response (DBP) were: recently discovered hypertension (86.3% of controlled DBP), regular exercise (85.5%) and age < 50 years (84.6%). Conversely: obesity, diabetes mellitus (77.9%), previously treated with several drugs (75.2%) and initial DBP > or = 105 mmHg (74.5%) were not predictive. Predictive factors emerging from logistic regression were : baseline DBP (< 105 mmHg), history of hypertension, body mass index, initial treatment of hypertension (no treatment--one drug--several drugs) and age.


CONCLUSIONS
This large-scale study confirms, the antihypertensive efficacy and good tolerability of benazepril alone or associated with hydrochlorothiazide in general practice.
Service de Cardiologie, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris.
H M
HM
Haziza
A
A
Francillon
D
D
Mottier
F
F
Heintzmann
D
D
Serrurier
D000368:Aged; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001552:Benzazepines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001552:Benzazepines; C044946:benazepril
Activité antihypertensive et facteurs prédictifs d'efficacité du bénazépril dans l'hypertension artérielle légère à modérée: Etude clinique pragmatique conduite en médecine générale chez 16,987 patients.