Thermozymes: biotechnology and structure-function relationships.
Recent findings on the biochemical and molecular features of the following thermozymes are presented, based on their biotechnological use: alpha-amylase and amylopullulanase, used in starch processing; glucose isomerase, used in sweetener production; alcohol dehydrogenase, used in chemical synthesis; and alkaline phosphatase, used in diagnostics. The corresponding genes and recombinant proteins have been characterized in terms of sequence similarities, specific activities, thermophilicity, and unfolding kinetics. Site-directed and nested deletion mutagenesis were used to understand structure-function relationships. All these thermozymes display higher stability and activity than their counterparts currently used in the biotechnology industry.
Department of Biochemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, USA. Zeikus@mbi.org
J G
JG
Zeikus
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C
Vieille
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A
Savchenko
D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019747:Aldose-Ketose Isomerases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001419:Bacteria / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001709:Biotechnology; D004795:Enzyme Stability; D004798:Enzymes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008958:Models, Molecular; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004798:Enzymes; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases; D000516:alpha-Amylases; C082507:amylopullulanase; D019747:Aldose-Ketose Isomerases; C023298:xylose isomerase