IL-12 up-regulates IL-18 receptor expression on T cells, Th1 cells, and B cells: synergism with IL-18 for IFN-gamma production.
IL-18 is a product of macrophages and with IL-12 strikingly induces IFN-gamma production from T, B, and NK cells. Furthermore, IL-18 and 1L-12 synergize for IFN-gamma production from Th1 cells, although this combination fails to affect Th2 cells. In this study, we show that IL-12 and IL-18 promptly and synergistically induce T and B cells to develop into IFN-gamma-producing cells without engaging their Ag receptors. We also studied the mechanism underlying differences in IL-18 responsiveness between Th1 and Th2 cells. Pretreatment of T or B cells with IL-12 rendered them responsive to IL-18, which induces cell proliferation and IFN-gamma production. These IL-12-stimulated cells had both high and low affinity IL-18R and an increased IL-18R mRNA expression. In particular, IL-12-stimulated T cells strongly and continuously expressed IL-18R mRNA. However, when T cells developed into Th1 cells after stimulation with anti-CD3 and IL-12, they lowered this IL-12-induced-IL-18R mRNA expression. Then, such T cells showed a dominant response to anti-CD3 by IFN-gamma production when they were subsequently stimulated with anti-CD3 and IL-18. In contrast, Th2 cells did not express IL-18R mRNA and failed to produce IFN-gamma in response to anti-CD3 and IL-18, although they produced a substantial amount of IFN-gamma in response to anti-CD3 and IL-12. However, when Th1 and Th2 cells were stimulated with anti-CD3, IL-12, and IL-18, only the Th1 cells markedly augmented IFN-gamma production in response to IL-18, suggesting that IL-18 responsiveness between Th1 and Th2 cells resulted from their differential expression of IL-18R.
Yoshimoto
T
T
Department of Immunology and Medical Zoology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.
Takeda
K
K
Tanaka
T
T
Ohkusu
K
K
Kashiwamura
S
S
Okamura
H
H
Akira
S
S
Nakanishi
K
K
D000818:Animals; D016175:B-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D007106:Immune Sera / Q000494:pharmacology; D007369:Interferon Inducers / Q000494:pharmacology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020382:Interleukin-18; D053727:Interleukin-18 Receptor alpha Subunit; D007378:Interleukins / Q000378:metabolism; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018123:Receptors, Interleukin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D053724:Receptors, Interleukin-18; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*
D017252:CD3 Complex; D016207:Cytokines; C508573:Il18r1 protein, mouse; D007106:Immune Sera; D007369:Interferon Inducers; D020382:Interleukin-18; D053727:Interleukin-18 Receptor alpha Subunit; D007378:Interleukins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018123:Receptors, Interleukin; D053724:Receptors, Interleukin-18; D018664:Interleukin-12; D007371:Interferon-gamma