Role of the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala in the formation of a phobia.
Specific phobia is an anxiety disorder that does not respond to benzodiazepines. The elevated plus-maze test of anxiety is sensitive to benzodiazepines on trial 1, but during the first 5-min trial the nature of the anxiety generated changes to a specific fear of heights, and, as a result, on trial 2 the rats no longer respond to benzodiazepines. However, rats that received reversible bilateral lesions of the basolateral amygdala (by lidocaine injection) immediately after trial 1 responded with an anxiolytic response to chlordiazepoxide when tested 48 h later on trial 2. Those that received vehicle injections after trial 1 showed the usual lack of response to chlordiazepoxide on trial 2. Thus, the basolateral amygdala plays a crucial role in the consolidation of information that leads to the formation of a specific phobia and subsequent insensitivity to benzodiazepines.
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Psychopharmacology Research Unit, UMDS, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.
Gonzalez
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Gallant
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D000679:Amygdala / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002707:Chlordiazepoxide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D051381:Rats
D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D002707:Chlordiazepoxide; D008012:Lidocaine