Cardiovascular effects of dietary salts and isosorbide-5-mononitrate in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
The influence of isosorbide-5-mononitrate (IS-5-MN) on the cardiovascular effects of high dietary salt intake (NaCl, 6.6% of dry weight of food) and that of a potassium, magnesium and l-lysine-enriched salt alternative (Pansalt 10.5%, producing a 6.6% content of NaCl) was studied in spontaneously hypertensive rats in an 8-week experiment. Common salt produced a marked rise in blood pressure and induced cardiac and renal hypertrophy, while the salt alternative, although containing the same amount of NaCl, neither increased blood pressure nor caused any significant cardiac hypertrophy. IS-5-MN treatment at a daily dose of approximately 60-70 mg/kg (mixed with food) attenuated the rise in blood pressure induced by common salt, but did not prevent the cardiac or renal hypertrophy. IS-5-MN did not offer any additional benefit to the use of the salt alternative diet alone in treatment of high blood pressure. Mesenteric arterial responses in vitro were examined at the end of the study. IS-5-MN treatment during the moderately low-salt (NaCl 0.7%) control diet tended to decrease the contractile response to noradrenaline and increase the relaxation to acetylcholine. Common salt, but not the salt alternative, induced a 50% increase in the 24-h urinary excretion of cyclic GMP. Both salt supplements induced an 8-9-fold increase in the excretion of calcium, and about a 2-fold increase in the excretion of phosphorus. Common salt also increased the excretion of magnesium by 50%. IS-5-MN treatment had no significant effect on the excretion of the mineral elements. Our findings show that increased intake of potassium and magnesium reduces the harmful effects of common salt. Pressure-independent mechanisms are involved in salt-induced left ventricular and renal hypertrophy, since they remained unaffected despite the prevention of the salt-induced rise in blood pressure by IS-5-MN treatment.
Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Helsinki, Finland. timo.vaskonen@helsinki.fi
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Vaskonen
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Mervaala
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Teräväinen
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Laakso
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Karppanen
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Vapaatalo
D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002412:Cations / Q000652:urine; D003212:Condiments; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006973:Hypertension / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control; D006984:Hypertrophy; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D007548:Isosorbide Dinitrate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008638:Mesenteric Arteries / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D012492:Salts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D002412:Cations; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D012492:Salts; D012982:Sodium, Dietary; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D007548:Isosorbide Dinitrate; C030397:isosorbide-5-mononitrate