[The treatment of hypospadias complexes].
OBJECTIVE
To explain the preoperative assessment of the hypospadias cripple and define the fundamental principles of correction of the failed hypospadias repair.


METHODS
Through case presentation and literature review, the defects associated with the failed hypospadias repair including persistent chordee, urethral stricture, urethrocutaneous fistula, urethral diverticulum, meatal retraction and stenosis, failed glansplasty are elaborated. Decision-making points in selecting a method of repair are also provided.


RESULTS
The principles of successful reoperative hypospadias surgery are discussed and listed.


CONCLUSIONS
A thorough assessment of the defect and precise application of standard principles of hypospadias repair allows for successful correction of even complex hypospadias cripples.
Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
J R
JR
Woodard
E A
EA
Smith
D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D010413:Penis / Q000601:surgery; D014521:Urethra / Q000601:surgery; D014522:Urethral Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D014525:Urethral Stricture / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D014548:Urinary Fistula / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D013521:Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male / Q000379:methods*
Tratamiento de los hipospadias complejos.