Immune-endocrine interactions in agricultural species: chromium and its effect on health and performance.
The purported performance-enhancing effects of supplemental Cr, as elaborated in studies focusing on beef and dairy cattle models of agricultural stress, affect both immune and endocrine pathways. Furthermore, interactions between the immune and endocrine systems, associated with the actions of insulin and cortisol, may be coordinated through the production of regulatory cytokines. Unlocking the mechanism of action of Cr as a useful farm animal management tool may provide further understanding of the health and performance ramifications of immune-endocrine interactions in agricultural species.
Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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Borgs
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Mallard
D000210:Acute-Phase Reaction / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary; D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D002417:Cattle / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D017608:Chromium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D004703:Endocrine System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D007107:Immune System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D007328:Insulin / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood
D017608:Chromium Compounds; D016207:Cytokines; D007328:Insulin; D006854:Hydrocortisone