Central nervous system activation following peripheral chemical sympathectomy: implications for neural-immune interactions.
Many studies have demonstrated that ablation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) alters subsequent immune responses. Researchers have presumed that the altered immune responses are predominantly the result of the peripheral phenomenon of denervation. We, however, hypothesized that chemical sympathectomy will signal and activate the central nervous system (CNS). Activation of the CNS was determined by immunocytochemical visualization of Fos protein in brains from male C57BL/6 mice at 8, 24, and 48 h following denervation. A dramatic induction of Fos protein was found in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus and other specific brain regions at 8 and 24 h compared to vehicle control mice. Dual-antigen labeling demonstrates that corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF)-containing neurons in the PVN are activated by chemical sympathectomy; however, neurons containing neurotransmitters which may modulate CRF neurons, such as vasopressin, tyrosine hydroxylase, and adrenocorticotropin, do not coexpress Fos. Our findings suggest an involvement of the CNS in sympathectomy-induced alterations of immunity.
Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA.
T A
TA
Callahan
J A
JA
Moynihan
D T
DT
Piekut
D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D001111:Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin / Q000032:analysis; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000032:analysis; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D015213:Neuroimmunomodulation / Q000502:physiology*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000276:immunology; D009830:Olfactory Bulb / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D016627:Oxidopamine; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000276:immunology*; D016548:Prosencephalon / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000032:analysis; D013154:Spleen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D013562:Sympathectomy; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology; D013565:Sympatholytics; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000032:analysis
D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D013565:Sympatholytics; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin; D016627:Oxidopamine; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; D009638:Norepinephrine