Comparison of bactericidal activities of intermittent and continuous infusion dosing of vancomycin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis.
OBJECTIVE
To describe the pharmacokinetic profiles of vancomycin administered by continuous infusion and intermittent dosing and compare the duration of activity of the regimens.


METHODS
Randomized, open-label, crossover study.


METHODS
Clinical research center at an academic medical center.


METHODS
Twelve healthy, nonpregnant volunteers age 27.6 +/- 2.3 years.


METHODS
Subjects received the following intravenous vancomycin regimens: 1 g every 12 hours; 2 g continuous infusion over 24 hours; and 1 g continuous infusion over 24 hours. Dosages were administered with and without gentamicin 2 mg/kg.


RESULTS
Serum samples were collected, drug concentrations determined, and bactericidal activity measured against two isolates each of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. Subjects had poor tolerability for continuous infusions. Trough concentration for the intermittent regimen was 5.5 +/- 1.9 mg/ml, and steady-state concentrations were 8.8 +/- 1.6 and 16.9 +/- 1.9 mg/ml for 1 and 2 g continuous infusions, respectively. In general, all regimens provided bactericidal activity throughout the study interval. Against one isolate of E. faecalis, 2 g continuous infusion plus gentamicin provided cidal activity for a significantly greater percentage of the dosing interval (p<0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
Continuous infusion does not greatly improve the activity of vancomycin and should not be routinely administered. However, it may prove useful against isolates with reduced susceptibility to the agent.
College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242-1112, USA.
M E
ME
Klepser
K B
KB
Patel
D P
DP
Nicolau
R
R
Quintiliani
C H
CH
Nightingale
D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001682:Biological Availability; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis; D005260:Female; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D016106:Methicillin Resistance; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D014640:Vancomycin