title: Cytokine production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells: differential senstivity to glutamine availability.
abstract: Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were cultured in the presence of different glutamine concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.4, 0.6, 2 mM) and stimulated with concanavalin A (Con A) or bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The concentrations of T lymphocyte- and monocyte-derived cytokines were measured in the culture medium 24 h later. The availability of glutamine significantly increased the production of interleukin (IL)-2 (2-fold), IL-10 (4-fold) and interferon (IFN)-gamma (4.5-fold) by Con A-stimulated PBMCs. Maximal production of these cytokines occurred at 0.1 mM glutamine and increasing the concentration of glutamine above that did not lead to a further increase in cytokine production. Glutamine availability resulted in small increases (24 to 35%) in the production of IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha by Con A-stimulated PBMCs; again maximal production occurred at a glutamine concentration of 0.1 mM. Glutamine availability did not influence the production of IL-1beta or TNF-alpha by LPS-stimulated PBMCs, while there was a small increase (17 to 32%) in the production of IL-1alpha, IL-6 and IL-10 by these cells at a glutamine concentration of 0.1 mM. It is concluded that glutamine enhances the production of T lymphocyte-derived cytokines with only minimal effects on production of cytokines by monocytes.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Nutrition, University of Southampton, Bassett Crescent East, Southampton, SO16 7PX, UK.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yaqoob
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Calder
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003208:Concanavalin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005973:Glutamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D007376:Interleukin-2; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D005973:Glutamine; D003208:Concanavalin A; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007371:Interferon-gamma