title: Predialysis urea concentration is sufficient to characterize hemodialysis adequacy.
abstract: Mathematical description of urea kinetics for a week showed that, under steady state conditions (i.e., total removal equals total synthesis), any predialysis urea concentration is expressed as a linear function of specific urea generation (G/V) and of dialysis schedule timing and sessional Kt/V (product of clearance, K, and session time, t, divided by the urea distribution volume, V). It also predicts that TACurea is proportional to the predialysis concentrations. The ratio between the two depends linearly on delivered weekly dialysis dose ([wDD] = T(G/V)/TACurea, with T the number of hours in 1 week). These hypotheses have been tested by retrospectively analyzing urea kinetc modelling data that include all predialysis and post dialysis concentrations of 163 patient-weeks. All patients were anuric, and dialysis frequency was thrice weekly. Accuracy is assessed with regression analysis between database numbers and computed values. The theoretical ratio between midweek concentration and TACurea (1.43) is close to the computed ratio (1.46, r2 = 0.909). TACurea (slope = 1.002, r2 = 0.997), specific generation rate G/V as a precursor to PCRn (slope = 1.007, r2 = 0.985), and wDD (slope = 1.002, r2 = 0.909) are all accurately computed from predialysis concentrations. To aid in the determination of the ratio for the different predialysis, concentrations using wDD a nomogram is included.
authors.affiliation: Hydraulics Laboratory, Institute Biomedical Technology, University of Gent, Belgium.
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: De Wachter
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brems
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vanholder
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Verdonck
authors.forename: R O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Hombrouckx
mesh_terms: D008962:Models, Theoretical; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014508:Urea / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014508:Urea