title: Anatomosurgical implications derived from an embryological study of the Scarpa's triangle with particular reference to groin lymphadenectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify some anatomical controversies of the fascial structures and lymph node development of the inguinal region through an embryological study in relation to the surgical techniques of groin lymphadenectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sections of the femoral triangle belonging to four fetuses whose crown-rump (CR) length ranged from 70 to 310 mm, corresponding to a developmental age of 11 and 35 weeks, were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The femoral fascia is formed of one layer and is not divided into superficial and deep layers. The cribriform fascia has a morphogenetic origin different from that of the femoral fascia and it is defined by the thickening of the connective tissue filling the fossa ovalis and therefore would be more correctly named lamina cribrosa. The deep inguinal lymph nodes originate directly from the superficial lymphatic tissue located in the fossa ovalis. This last observation supports the fact that no lymph nodes are present beneath the femoral fascia distal to the lower margin of the fossa ovalis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study, from a surgical point of view, support the technique of total or radical inguinal-femoral lymphadenectomy with preservation of the femoral fascia and, from an anatomical point of view, resolve some of the contradictory statements reported in the anatomical literature regarding morphogenesis and terminology of the structures of the Scarpa's triangle. In addition, the present study provides useful anatomic and terminological landmarks to those surgical oncologists (gynecologist, urologist, dermatologist, etc.) dealing with malignant diseases requiring groin dissection practices. In addition, it could represent a useful background for a future more precise surgical terminology which represents a vital issue for institutional studies with multiple surgeons as well as for large multi-institutional studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Micheletti
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Levi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bogliatto
mesh_terms: D005205:Fascia / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000196:embryology*; D005333:Fetus / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006119:Groin; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000379:methods; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000196:embryology*; D013524:Surgical Flaps