title: Cocaine infusion increases interferon-gamma and decreases interleukin-10 in cocaine-dependent subjects.
abstract: The effects of cocaine infusion (40 mg) on interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) cytokine secretion were examined in 15 cocaine-dependent subjects. Pre- and postcocaine infusion peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), stimulated with phytohemagglutinin A, were cultured for 48 h and the cytokines in the supernatant measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cocaine infusion, but not saline infusion, increased IFN-gamma secretion and decreased IL-10 secretion, while, in PBMC collected simultaneously from control subjects, secretion of these cytokines was unaltered. Baseline IFN-gamma levels were lower and IL-10 levels higher in addicted subjects compared to those in control subjects. White blood cell and lymphocyte number and CD4(+) and CD8(+) counts were all increased following cocaine infusion. In vitro cocaine treatment of PBMC from addicted subjects suppressed both IL-10 and IFN-gamma secretion. These data suggest that acute cocaine administration, via both central and peripheral effects, may enhance Th1-type immune responses and inhibit Th2-type responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, 90095-1769, USA.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Newton
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kermani
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Graves
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fiala
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D003042:Cocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000652:urine; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D007958:Leukocyte Count / Q000187:drug effects; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000166:cytology; D018655:Lymphocyte Count / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; D016753:Interleukin-10; C005618:benzoylecgonine; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D003042:Cocaine