title: Effects of nitrendipine and enalapril on left ventricular mass in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and hypertension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects of a calcium antagonist (nitrendipine) and an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (enalapril) with those of placebo on left ventricular mass in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  A double-blind randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  General practitioners referred patients to the trial physician.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population comprised 121 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Inclusion criteria for blood pressure were diastolic blood pressure 90-115 mmHg and systolic blood pressure < or = 200 mmHg, while subjects were not being administered blood-pressure-lowering drugs for 3 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomly allocated to receive nitrendipine (n = 40), enalapril (n = 40) or placebo (n = 41). The treatment period was 48 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effect of nitrendipine was defined as the difference in change in left ventricular mass index from baseline between nitrendipine treatment and placebo after 48 weeks of treatment. The effects of nitrendipine compared with that of enalapril and of enalapril compared with placebo were defined similarly. Left ventricular mass was measured by M-mode echocardiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Use of nitrendipine and enalapril led to significant and almost identical reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressures. During 48 weeks left ventricular mass index decreased by 5% for patients in the nitrendipine group (decrease by 12 g/m2, 95% confidence interval 1-23), remained about the same for patients in the enalapril group (decrease by 1 g/m2, 95% confidence interval decrease by 10 to increase by 9) and increased by 9% for patients in the placebo group (increase by 9 g/m2, 95% confidence interval 2-16).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that administration of nitrendipine to patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and hypertension reduces left ventricular mass index. Enalapril appears not to induce regression, but perhaps prevents progression with an effect that is intermediate between those of nitrendipine and placebo.
authors.affiliation: Julius Centre for Patient-Oriented Research, Utrecht University, The Netherlands. TGerritt@knmg.nl
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Gerritsen
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Bak
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Stolk
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Jonker
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Grobbee
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004656:Enalapril / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009568:Nitrendipine / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D004656:Enalapril; D009568:Nitrendipine