title: Structural basis for activation of the titin kinase domain during myofibrillogenesis.
abstract: The giant muscle protein titin (connectin) is essential in the temporal and spatial control of the assembly of the highly ordered sarcomeres (contractile units) of striated muscle. Here we present the crystal structure of titin's only catalytic domain, an autoregulated serine kinase (titin kinase). The structure shows how the active site is inhibited by a tyrosine of the kinase domain. We describe a dual mechanism of activation of titin kinase that consists of phosphorylation of this tyrosine and binding of calcium/calmodulin to the regulatory tail. The serine kinase domain of titin is the first known non-arginine-aspartate kinase to be activated by phosphorylation. The phosphorylated tyrosine is not located in the activation segment, as in other kinases, but in the P + 1 loop, indicating that this tyrosine is a binding partner of the titin kinase substrate. Titin kinase phosphorylates the muscle protein telethonin in early differentiating myocytes, indicating that this kinase may act in myofibrillogenesis.
authors.affiliation: European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation, Germany.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mayans
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: van der Ven
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wilm
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mues
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: D O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Fürst
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wilmanns
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gautel
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D064211:Connectin; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*; D009210:Myofibrils / Q000201:enzymology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011487:Protein Conformation; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D064211:Connectin; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C577292:TCAP protein, human; C577285:TTN protein, human; D014443:Tyrosine; D011494:Protein Kinases