title: Transatrial-transpulmonary tetralogy of Fallot repair is effective in the presence of anomalous coronary arteries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study's object was to analyze the outcomes of transatrial-transpulmonary repair in children with tetralogy of Fallot and anomalous coronary artery crossing the right ventricular outflow tract.
  
  
  METHODS
  The transatrial-transpulmonary approach was used in 611 consecutive repairs, 36 (5.9%) of which were associated with a surgically relevant coronary artery anomaly. The median age and weight of the patients at repair were 23 months (2.8-170 months) and 9.9 kg (5.2-41 kg), respectively. Anomalies included left anterior descending coronary artery from right coronary artery or single right coronary artery (n = 22), right coronary artery from left coronary artery or left anterior descending coronary artery (n = 8), and large right coronary artery conal branch (n = 6). Diagnosis was established before the operation in 25 of 36 cases by angiography (n = 24) or echocardiography (n = 1). The approach was successful in 34 cases, in 25 of which placement of a limited transannular patch was necessary. Two patients had a right ventricle-pulmonary artery conduit as a result of proximity of the coronary branch to the pulmonary arterial anulus and inability to adequately relieve the right ventricular outflow tract obstruction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There have been no early or late deaths. Mean right ventricle-pulmonary artery gradient at last follow-up was 19 mm Hg (95% confidence interval 14.5-24 mm Hg), compared with 15 mm Hg (95% confidence interval 12.5-17.5 mm Hg) for patients with normal coronary arteries (P = .3). Actuarial freedom from reoperation at 120 months was 96.5% (95% confidence interval 79.8%-99.5%) and was also similar between patients with and without coronary artery abnormalities (P = .92).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgically important coronary anomalies in tetralogy of Fallot can be dealt with through the transatrial-transpulmonary approach in most cases without major alterations in technique. Outcomes are similar to those of other patients with tetralogy of Fallot. The presence of anomalous coronary arteries does not impart incremental risk after this surgical strategy.
authors.affiliation: Victorian Paediatric Cardiac Surgical Unit, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Brizard
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mas
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Cochrane
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Karl
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000792:Angiography; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003330:Coronary Vessel Anomalies / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D013771:Tetralogy of Fallot / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014694:Ventricular Outflow Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery