title: Effect of brushing with sonic and counterrotational toothbrushes on the bond strength of full veneer crowns.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Earlier studies on orthodontic brackets have shown a loss of bond strength after a sonic toothbrush was used.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This in vitro study evaluated the difference in bond strength of single complete veneer crowns after being subjected to the equivalent of 2 years of brushing with sonic and counterrotational toothbrushes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Complete gold crowns were fabricated with a conventional indirect technique for 30 extracted, intact, prepared human premolar teeth. Castings were then luted to the teeth with glass ionomer cement. Teeth were randomly divided into 3 groups of 10 teeth each, 1 group to be brushed with Sonicare sonic toothbrush, 1 group to be brushed with Interplak counterrotational mechanical toothbrush, and 1 group as the control. Groups 1 and 2 were then brushed for the equivalent of 2 years per tooth. A uniform force of 50 g for the sonic toothbrush and 120 g for the counterrotational toothbrush was used. Control specimens were not brushed. Brush heads and sample teeth in contact with the toothbrush were kept moist at all times. Tensile dislodgment force was determined with an Instron universal testing machine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The castings brushed with a sonic toothbrush required a mean of 43.22 kg (+/- 11.16) force to remove the crowns from the teeth, whereas the counterrotational group required a mean of 42.87 kg (+/- 10.42) and the control group a mean of 42.12 kg (+/- 6.61). Analysis of variance on the force data indicated no differences among the 3 groups in the force needed to remove the castings (F[2,24] = 0.031, P = .97).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This in vitro study demonstrated no significant differences between groups in the amount of tensile dislodgment force required to remove cemented full veneer crowns from prepared teeth after brushing for the equivalent of 2 years time with a sonic toothbrush or a counterrotational toothbrush.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Missouri at Kansas City, USA.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Woolsey
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Killoy
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hanson
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001641:Bicuspid; D002484:Cementation; D003442:Crowns; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D003801:Dental Veneers; D004867:Equipment Design; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D006047:Gold Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D012399:Rotation; D013016:Sound; D013718:Tensile Strength; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D006047:Gold Alloys