title: Mediastinal lymphangiomyoma in a child: report of a case.
abstract: Lymphangiomas and lymphangiomyomas are benign abnormal collections of lymphatic vessels which form a cystic mass. The mediastinum is an uncommon location for these hamartomas in children, but may be life-threatening. We report herein the case of a 23-month-old boy who presented with stridor and a history of recurrent respiratory tract infections. Soon after his admission he suddenly developed respiratory failure and was found to have a multiloculated, cystic mediastinal mass which was initially thought to be a lymphangioma. The mass was extensively infiltrative, and histological examination showed prominent smooth muscle proliferation in the walls of the cysts, confirming a diagnosis of lymphangiomyoma. The terminology and relevant literature on the topic are reviewed following the presentation of this case.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kataria
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bhatnagar
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Mitra
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008203:Lymphangiomyoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008479:Mediastinal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed