title: Percutaneous transhepatic lithotripsy using a choledochoscope: long-term follow-up in 14 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of our study was to estimate the long-term prognosis of patients with bile duct stones who undergo electrohydraulic lithotripsy guided by choledochoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Since 1987, at our institution, 14 patients with bile duct stones have been treated using percutaneous electrohydraulic lithotripsy guided by choledochoscopy. The procedure was performed 5-7 days after biliary drainage using a 5-mm choledochoscope placed through an 18- to 20-French sheath. All patients underwent follow-up CT, sonography, or both every 6-12 months after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No complications occurred in the 14 patients who underwent treatment. During a mean follow-up period of 4.8 years (range, 2-9 years), two (14%) of the 14 patients developed recurrent common bile duct stones, and another two (14%) developed recurrent small intrahepatic stones; all patients remained asymptomatic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percutaneous electrohydraulic lithotripsy can be safely performed using a 5-mm choledochoscope. Recurrent calculi may be seen in 28% of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Fukui Medical University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Inagaki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishii
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001649:Bile Duct Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D002758:Cholangiography; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D019233:Retreatment