title: Effect of 13-cis-retinoic acid and alpha-interferon on transforming growth factor beta1 in patients with rising prostate-specific antigen.
abstract: The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that 13-cis-retinoic acid (CRA) and alpha-interferon (IFN-alpha) have antitumor activity in patients with early recurrence of prostate cancer measured by rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) after local therapy, and that this activity is associated with the increase of plasma transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1). Thirty patients with a PSA > 7 ng/ml that increased >0.4 ng/ml/month after initial radiation therapy or a PSA > 2.0 ng/ml after prostatectomy were treated with 1 mg/kg/day of CRA and 3 million units of IFN-alpha administered three times per week. Patients were followed clinically with serum measurements of PSA and assessment of toxicity. Biological activity of CRA and IFN-alpha was assessed by the measurement of plasma TGF-beta1. Twenty-six percent of patients had a partial (50% decrease maintained for 1 month) or minimal (<50% decrease maintained for 1 month) biochemical response of PSA, with a median decrease of 23% (11-55%) at 3 months. Plasma TGF-beta1 levels increased with CRA and IFN-alpha therapy and correlated with a decrease in PSA; patients with a decrease in PSA had a 151% increase in TGF-beta1 compared to 27% in patients without a decrease in PSA (P = 0.04). CRA and IFN-alpha can produce transient reduction or stabilization of PSA. The measurement of plasma TGF-beta1 at 1 month of therapy correlates with changes in PSA and may represent a useful marker for the biological effect of these agents; further analysis in larger numbers of patients and methods to optimize these effects should be explored.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Division of Urology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey/Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903-0019, USA.
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: DiPaola
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: K B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Cummings
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Jirtle
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anscher
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gallo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goodin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Rasheed
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aisner
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Todd
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015474:Isotretinoin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen; D015474:Isotretinoin