title: Flexible transinguinal laparoscopy to assess the contralateral ring in pediatric inguinal hernias.
abstract: The incidence of contralateral patent processus vaginalis (CPPV) is >50% in infants with clinical unilateral inguinal hernia (CUIH) and decreases only slowly with advancing age. Laparoscopy through the hernia sac (transinguinal laparoscopy) to detect suspected CPPV is a safe and efficient way to minimize routine contralateral inguinal exploration, but can be technically difficult. We used flexible urologic instruments and/or angled cystoscopic lenses to make transinguinal laparoscopy easier. Over a 3-year period, 37 patients (34 boys and 3 girls) ranging in age from 4 months to 12 years (mean age 59 months) with CUIH underwent ipsilateral groin exploration and diagnostic transinguinal laparoscopy. Laparoscopy was performed with flexible 17F cystoscopes (26 cases), flexible 9F ureteroscopes (2 cases), and rigid 70 degrees cystoscope lenses (9 cases). We detected eight CPPV (22%) in our series of 20 right and 17 left inguinal hernias, in a mean transinguinal laparoscopy time of 4.5 minutes. At 26-month mean follow-up, no patient whose contralateral inguinal ring was deemed closed had developed a hernia. Flexible fiberoptic urologic scopes and/or angled cystoscope lenses make transinguinal laparoscopy easy and efficacious in the pediatric population. Our series represents the longest longitudinal study of transinguinal laparoscopy for the diagnosis of CPPV.
authors.affiliation: James Buchanan Brady Foundation, Department of Urology, New York Hospital-Cornell University Medical Center, New York 10021, USA.
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Pavlovich
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Gmyrek
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Poppas
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Mininberg
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003950:Diagnostic Techniques, Urological / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000639:trends; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007264:Inguinal Canal / Q000002:abnormalities; D020706:Laparoscopes; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity