title: Ancient gene duplication and domain shuffling in the animal cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase family.
abstract: The animal cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) comprise at least seven subtypes, PDE1-7, which differ from each other in domain organization and primary function, and they diverged from an ancestral gene by gene duplication and domain shuffling during animal evolution. To obtain rough estimates for the divergence times of these subtypes, cloning of PDE cDNAs from Ephydatia fluviatilis (freshwater sponge) by RT-PCR was carried out. We obtained four cDNAs, EFPDE1, EFPDE2, EFPDE3, and EFPDE4, which are possibly homologs of the vertebrate PDE1, PDE2, PDE3, and PDE4, respectively, judging from the sequence similarity, domain organization, and branching pattern in the phylogenetic tree. The phylogenetic tree of the PDE family revealed that most gene duplications and domain shufflings that gave rise to different subtypes had been completed in the early evolution of animals before the separation of sponges and eumetazoans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koyanagi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suga
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hoshiyama
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Iwabe
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuma
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyata
mesh_terms: D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D002417:Cattle; D002645:Chickens; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D054677:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 1; D017931:DNA Primers; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D020440:Gene Duplication; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011161:Porifera / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014714:Vertebrates
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases; D054677:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 1