title: Epinephrine produces a prolonged elevation in metabolic rate in humans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epinephrine increases the metabolic rate and contributes to the hypermetabolic state in severe illness.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We sought to determine the effect of prolonged elevation of epinephrine on resting energy expenditure (REE).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen healthy men were placed on a well-defined diet for 5 d. Beginning on the morning of the second diet day, the subjects were infused for 24 h with saline, then for 23 h with epinephrine (0.18 nmol x kg(-1) x min(-1)) to increase plasma epinephrine concentrations into the high physiologic range (4720 +/- 340 pmol/L). REE and the respiratory quotient (RQ) were measured by indirect calorimetry in the postabsorptive state at the same time every morning.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Infusion of epinephrine significantly increased heart rate and systolic blood pressure, but the response was transient (values after 23 h of epinephrine infusion were not significantly different from those on the day saline was infused). Infusion of epinephrine significantly increased REE by 12% and increased the RQ. These changes were apparent at the end of the 23-h infusion (REE: 97.5 +/- 2.3 kJ x kg(-1) x d(-1) with saline infusion and 108.9 +/- 2.3 kJ x kg(-1) x d(-1) with epinephrine infusion; RQ: 0.832 +/- 0.012 with saline infusion and 0.879 +/- 0.013 with epinephrine infusion). REE returned to baseline by 24 h after the epinephrine infusion ended, but the postabsorptive RQ remained modestly elevated. Infusion of epinephrine also produced a transient increase in urine flow and in urinary nitrogen excretion. This diuresis was compensated for by a drop in urine volume and nitrogen excretion after the epinephrine infusion was stopped.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Epinephrine produced a prolonged increase in REE in healthy subjects. The fuel for this increase in REE, determined by the RQ, was from increased carbohydrate oxidation, not from that of fat or protein.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington 05405, USA.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Ratheiser
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Brillon
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Matthews
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001481:Basal Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002153:Calorimetry, Indirect; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects*; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine