title: Cross-enzyme inhibition by gabexate mesylate: formulation and reactivity study.
abstract: Gabexate mesylate (GM; commercialized under the brand name FOY) is a nonantigenic synthetic inhibitor of plasmatic and pancreatic serine proteinases that is used therapeutically in the treatment of pancreatitis and disseminated intravascular coagulation and as a regional anticoagulant for hemodialysis. The inhibitory effect of GM on nitric oxide synthase as well as serine proteinases and swine kidney copper amine oxidase, all acting on cationic substrates, has been investigated. On the basis of the available X-ray crystal structures of the enzymes considered, the possible binding mode(s) of GM has(have) been analyzed. The enzyme cross-inhibition by GM suggests that the use of this drug should be under careful control. With the aim to improve the scarce plasma stability of GM, the positively charged drug has been complexed to the surface of preformed anionic liposomes. The liposome-complexed GM half-life increases about five-fold, indicating the protective effect of liposomes on GM degradation. Moreover, the GM complexation with liposomes does not alter its inhibitory activity on NOS-I and porcine pancreatic trypsin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 19, I-44100 Ferrara, Rome.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cortesi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ascenzi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Colasanti
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Persichini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Venturini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bolognesi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pesce
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nastruzzi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Menegatti
mesh_terms: D004337:Drug Carriers; D004355:Drug Stability; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D016670:Gabexate / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D010949:Plasma / Q000378:metabolism; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008081:Liposomes; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors; D016670:Gabexate; C496319:NOS2 protein, human; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II