title: Lack of correlation of MRP and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase overexpression with doxorubicin resistance due to increased apoptosis in SV40 large T-antigen-transformed human mesothelial cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evidence suggests that viral proteins such as simian virus large T-antigen (SV40 TAg) play a role in the response of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents. In this study, we investigated whether SV40 TAg-immortalized human mesothelial cells express drug resistance-related proteins and display resistance to chemotherapy, and whether SV40 TAg transformation affects apoptosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We determined the mRNA and protein levels of the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP), gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase heavy subunit (gamma-GCSh), and P-glycoprotein (product of the MDR1 gene) by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively, in normal human mesothelial (NHM) cell and SV40 TAg-transformed human mesothelial (Met-5A) cells. The effect of increasing concentrations of doxorubicin (DOX) on these cells was investigated using an MTT cytotoxicity assay, and the glutathione (GSH) content was measured spectrophotometrically. DOX accumulation in these cells was measured by treating the cells with [14C]DOX followed by scintillation counting. Cytoplasmic bNA fragmentation due to apoptosis following DOX treatment of the cells was quantitated by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We showed that the MRP and gamma-GCSh genes, but not MDR1, are coordinately overexpressed in Met-5A cells compared with NHM cells. Expression of MRP protein as detected by an anti-MRP antibody correlated with increased GSH levels and decreased accumulation of [14C]DOX in Met-5A cells compared with NHM cells. However, Met-5A cells were twofold more sensitive to DOX than NHM cells. In addition, quantitative measurement of apoptosis when cells were treated with 0.05 and 0.5 microM DOX revealed that drug-induced apoptotic cell death was increased about 1.4- and 3.0-fold, respectively, in Met-5A cells compared with NHM cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that increased levels of apoptosis might help overcome the DOX resistance effects of MRP/gamma-GCSh overexpression in SV40 TAg-transformed Met-5A cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Oncology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ogretmen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bahadori
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McCauley
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boylan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Safa
mesh_terms: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics*; D000952:Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming; D017209:Apoptosis; D001483:Base Sequence; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D017931:DNA Primers; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple / Q000235:genetics; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D004848:Epithelium / Q000187:drug effects; D005721:Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase / Q000235:genetics*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D013539:Simian virus 40 / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D000952:Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming; D017931:DNA Primers; D004317:Doxorubicin; D005721:Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase; D005978:Glutathione; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger