title: Childhood-onset schizophrenia associated with parkinsonism in a patient with a microdeletion of chromosome 22.
abstract: The deletion of a gene or genes on chromosome 22q11 is responsible for the velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS), which is associated with cardiac anomalies, short stature, palate abnormalities, learning disabilities, and developmental delay. Herein we describe a 30-year-old man with VCFS in whom a chronic psychotic disorder originated during childhood. A 10% rate of psychotic disorders has been reported in association with this genetic syndrome. In our patient, the clinical manifestation was complicated by extrapyramidal symptoms that predated the onset of psychotic symptoms. To our knowledge, extrapyramidal symptoms have not previously been reported in a patient with VCFS. The diagnosis of VCFS was confirmed with the fluorescence in situ hybridization probe for VCFS. The role of the atypical antipsychotic drug clozapine is discussed with respect to treating this patient who has severe psychotic symptoms coexisting with extrapyramidal symptoms and seizures. In light of the observation that patients with VCFS have an unexpectedly high rate of psychotic disorders, issues concerning the genetics of schizophrenia are intriguing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Krahn
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Maraganore
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Michels
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000235:genetics*; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D002872:Chromosome Deletion; D002892:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22 / Q000235:genetics*; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000235:genetics; D004830:Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000235:genetics; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D010302:Parkinson Disease, Secondary / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D013577:Syndrome