title: Determination of gene and chromosome dosage in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the utility of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) in the determination of gene and chromosome dosage in cancer specimens and to discuss the genetic association between prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and adenocarcinoma as detected by these three techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  FISH, PCR, and CGH were applied to the same specimens to clarify discrepancies observed by a single technique alone and to further understand prostate carcinogenesis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most common genetic alterations in PIN and carcinoma were (1) gain of chromosome 7, particularly 7q31; (2) loss of 8p and gain of 8q; and (3) loss of 10q, 16q and 18q.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using different techniques on the same specimen was useful to determine genetic relationships between cancer and its precursors. PIN and prostatic carcinoma foci have a similar proportion of genetic changes, but foci of carcinoma usually have more alterations. This supports the hypothesis that PIN is the most likely precursor of prostatic carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Bostwick
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D018628:Gene Dosage; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008297:Male; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D011003:Ploidies; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019048:Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology