title: Intracellular chloride activity increases in guinea pig ventricular muscle during simulated ischemia.
abstract: We investigated the effects of simulated ischemia on intracellular Cl- activity ([Cl-]i) in isolated guinea pig ventricular papillary muscles using ion-selective microelectrode techniques. Simulated ischemia in ventricular muscles was produced by stopping the flow of superfusion and immersing preparations in mineral oil as previously described [B. Vanheel, L. Leybaert, A. De Hemptinne, and I. Leusen. Am. J. Physiol. 257 (Cell Physiol. 26): C365-C379, 1989; Z. F. Lai, J. Liu, and K. Nishi. Jpn. J. Pharmacol. 72: 161-174, 1996]. When preparations were exposed to paraffin oil for 15 min, [Cl-]i markedly increased and the peak magnitude of [Cl-]i reached 55.3 +/- 2.5 mM from 18.7 +/- 3.5 mM, whereas membrane potentials (Vm) depolarized from -82.5 +/- 1.1 to -54.7 +/- 2.4 mV (n = 6 muscles from 6 animals). SITS (0.5 mM), a known blocker of the Cl-/HCO-3 exchanger, suppressed the ischemia-induced depolarization of Vm and delayed the onset of the ischemia-induced increase in [Cl-]i but did not suppress the magnitude of the increase of [Cl-]i. Under Cl--free conditions created by replacing Cl- with equimolar gluconate, the increase in [Cl-]i during ischemia was transient and suppressed by >60% compared with that in normal-Cl- conditions (peak value was 20. 3 +/- 1.7 mM, n = 6 muscles from 6 animals). The present results provide direct evidence that [Cl-]i in ventricular muscle increases in ischemic conditions in quiescent guinea pig ventricular muscle, suggesting that activation of the Cl-/HCO-3 exchanger by ischemia would partially contribute to the elevation of [Cl-]i during the initial stage of ischemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan.
authors.forename: Z F
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018118:Chloride Channels / Q000502:physiology*; D002712:Chlorides / Q000502:physiology*; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D018118:Chloride Channels; D002712:Chlorides