title: Utilization of rheumatology physician services by the elderly.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine rheumatology subspecialty practice patterns, determinants of referral to rheumatologists, and utilization of aspiration and injection procedures in a population-based sample of elderly individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  We obtained Medicare physician claims for all visits to rheumatologists among beneficiaries aged 65 years and older in Colorado, Massachusetts, and Virginia in 1993, and for visits to all providers by patients with coded diagnoses of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We examined variations in visit frequency and aspiration/injection procedures, and we analyzed determinants of referral to a rheumatologist for RA or SLE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 1 year, 144,797 visits were made to rheumatologists by 38,443 patients in the three states. An inflammatory disorder was coded in 45% of visits and a noninflammatory disorder in 50%. Half of patients with RA were seen three or fewer times in the year. For RA and SLE, African Americans were about 60% as likely to be seen by a rheumatologist as whites. Utilization of rheumatologist services for rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus was highest in the state (Virginia) with the lowest per capita supply of rheumatologists. Among patients with bursitis, tendinitis, and osteoarthritis, African-American women were more likely to receive an injection or aspiration procedure than whites or African-American men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elderly patients with rheumatologic disorders were seen by specialists less frequently than recommended by a recent rheumatology manpower survey. African-Americans with RA and SLE had fewer rheumatology visits than whites.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barrett
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: W N
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Baron
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003120:Colorado; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D001239:Inhalation; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D008404:Massachusetts; D006278:Medicare; D009819:Office Visits / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000628:therapy; D012219:Rheumatology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States; D014768:Virginia