title: Coil embolization of bleeding visceral pseudoaneurysms following pancreatectomy: the importance of early angiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of early angiography in the diagnosis and treatment of delayed arterial hemorrhage as a significant complication following pancreatectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital; 6-year period between January 1992 and December 1997.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of a total of 81 patients undergoing pancreatic head resection, 10 (12%) developed massive arterial hemorrhage after surgery. All 10 patients underwent an emergency angiography and 8 of these were managed by transcatheter arterial embolization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before onset of major bleeding, 9 patients (90%) had developed intra-abdominal abscess resulting from pancreatic fistula or other anastomotic leak, and all 10 patients had had preliminary minor bleeding. The angiogram demonstrated an exact site of bleeding as a pseudoaneurysm in all 10 patients. Transcatheter arterial embolization achieved temporary control of bleeding in all 8 patients for whom embolization was attempted and complete hemostasis in 5 of the 8 subsequently, yielding a success rate of 63%. Overall, 4 patients (40%) died of complications related directly to the major hemorrhage or the transcatheter arterial embolization technique.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An emergency angiography should be considered in all patients who develop either a sentinel or massive gastrointestinal bleed following pancreatectomy irrespective of suspected intra-abdominal sepsis. Transcatheter arterial embolization allows temporary control of massive hemorrhage and hemodynamic stabilization in most cases, and prevents the need for high-risk emergency surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery I, Kyushu University Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morisaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yokohata
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chijiiwa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017541:Aneurysm, False / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D000792:Angiography; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010180:Pancreatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors