title: Cognitive efficiency in alcoholics and polysubstance abusers.
abstract: Previous studies have found alcoholics to be impaired on tests of cognitive efficiency. However, it is unclear to what extent individuals who abuse drugs in addition to alcohol exhibit similar deficits. To answer this question, 63 healthy control subjects were compared with 40 individuals who abused alcohol only, 24 individuals who abused alcohol and stimulants, 16 individuals who abused alcohol and marijuana, and 41 individuals who abused alcohol and depressants/narcotics, or alcohol and two or more other drugs. All subjects were administered tests of short-term memory, spatial orientation, visual-spatial perception, and problem-solving. Results from the study indicated that control subjects and individuals who abused both alcohol and marijuana performed significantly better than the other groups on most tests. These results were not attributable to differences on measures of affect or chronicity of alcohol consumption.
authors.affiliation: Center for Alcohol and Drug Related Studies, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City 73105, USA.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Nixon
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Phillips
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D015897:Comorbidity; D000431:Ethanol / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; D000431:Ethanol