title: Morphological transformation of C3H/M2 mouse fibroblasts by extracts of human mammary lipid.
abstract: Mammary lipid may act as a reservoir for genotoxins. Mammary lipid extracts (MLEs), obtained from eight UK women (21-41 years) undergoing reduction mammoplasty, were examined for their abilities to morphologically transform C3H/M2 mouse fibroblasts. Resultant transformation rates were 0.27, 0.33, 0.07, 0.29, 0.21, 0.00, 0.07, and 0.13 transformed foci/treated dish, respectively. Although the lipid-extraction procedure used was originally designed to extract heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs), liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (LC/MS) with selective ion monitoring has failed to detect HAAs in any of the lipid extracts so far examined. Genotoxicities were also assessed in S. typhimurium TA98 and in metabolically competent human (MCL-5) cells by the micronucleus and by the alkaline single-cell gel ("comet") assays. The MLEs induced bacterial mutagenicity rates ranging from 0 to 498 revertants/plate/g-lipid equivalent and micronucleus-formation rates from 0 to 20 micronuclei/500 binucleate cells/g-lipid. Median comet tail lengths (induced with MLEs of 8.0 g-lipid equivalent) ranged from 6.0 to 74.0 micrometer. The results demonstrate the presence of as-yet-unidentified transforming agents in mammary lipid.
authors.affiliation: Haddow Laboratories, Institute of Cancer Research, Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, United Kingdom. FLMartin@icr.ac.uk
authors.forename: F L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pfau
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Venitt
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Fay
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Marquardt
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Grover
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001940:Breast / Q000737:chemistry*; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D016296:Mutagenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids