title: Regulation of zinc homeostasis in yeast by binding of the ZAP1 transcriptional activator to zinc-responsive promoter elements.
abstract: Zinc homeostasis in yeast is controlled primarily through the regulation of zinc uptake. Transcription of the ZRT1 and ZRT2 zinc transporters increases in zinc-limited cells, and this induction is dependent on the ZAP1 gene. We hypothesized previously that ZAP1 encodes a zinc-responsive transcriptional activator. Expression of ZAP1 itself increases in zinc-limited cells. This response is also dependent on ZAP1 function through a potential positive autoregulatory mechanism. In this report, we describe the characterization of zinc-responsive elements (ZREs) in the promoters of the ZRT1, ZRT2, and ZAP1 genes. A ZRE consensus sequence, 5'-ACCYYNAAGGT-3', was identified and found to be both necessary and sufficient for zinc-responsive transcriptional regulation. We also demonstrate that ZREs are DNA binding sites for ZAP1. First, a dominant ZAP1 mutation, ZAP1-1(up), which causes increased expression of ZAP1-regulated genes in zinc-replete cells, exerted its effects specifically through the ZREs. Second, electrophoretic mobility shift assays and in vitro DNase I footprint analyses indicated that ZAP1 binds to ZREs in a sequence-specific fashion. These studies demonstrate that ZAP1 plays a direct role in controlling zinc-responsive gene expression in yeast by binding to zinc-responsive elements in the promoters of genes that it regulates.
authors.affiliation: Nutritional Sciences Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rodgers
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Spizzo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Duesterhoeft
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Eide
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006706:Homeostasis; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors; D015032:Zinc / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; C103264:ZAP1 protein, S cerevisiae; D015032:Zinc