title: Haemorrhages in the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles--an unspecific autopsy finding.
abstract: Atraumatic haemorrhages in the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscles can be observed for from 1% to 9% of various causes of death. It has been claimed that there is an association between these findings and the cause of death, particularly coronary death. Additionally it has been assumed that haemorrhages in the PCA muscles may be caused by an asphyxial mechanism and it has even been suggested that the haemorrhages may be a "sign" which could be used to differentiate between natural and unnatural death. Because of the differing views we carried out additional research into the course of these haemorrhages. Six characteristic cases out of 2060 autopsies with macroscopically diagnosed haemorrhages in the PCA muscles are presented. The six cases included acute heart failure, death caused by bolus, drowning, trauma of brain and skull, exsanguination from polytrauma and choking after aspiration of vomit. These cases were completely different with regard to all the circumstances of death. On the basis of these findings and in contrast to the literature it cannot be shown that proofs exist for a correlation between the haemorrhages and the causes and the manner of death. As a consequence it must be stated that haemorrhages in the PCA muscles do not have any diagnostic significance.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Legal Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany. keil@rechts.med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Keil
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Beer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001344:Autopsy; D002423:Cause of Death; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007818:Laryngeal Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D007821:Laryngeal Muscles / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged