title: ECG boy: low-cost medical instrumentation using mass-produced, hand-held entertainment computers. A preliminary report.
abstract: A prototype low-cost, portable ECG monitor, the "ECG Boy," is described. A mass produced hand-held video game platform is the basis for a complete three-lead, driven right-leg electrocardiogram (ECG). The ECG circuitry is planned to fit in a standard modular cartridge that is inserted in a production Nintendo "Gameboy." The combination is slightly smaller than a paperback book and weighs less than 500 g. The unit contains essential safety features such as optical isolation and is powered by 9-V and AA batteries. Functionally, the ECG Boy permits viewing ECG recordings in real time on the integrated screen. The user can select both the lead displayed on the screen and the time scale used. A 1-mV reference allows for calibration. Other ECG enhancements such as data transmission via telephone can be easily and inexpensively added to this system. The ECG Boy is intended as a proof of concept for a new class of low-cost biomedical instruments. Rising health care costs coupled with tightened funding have created an acute demand for low-cost medical equipment that satisfies safety and quality standards. A mass-produced microprocessor-based platform designed for the entertainment market can keep costs low while providing a functional basis for a biomedical instrument.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-2122, USA. bovine@eecs.umich.edu
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Rohde
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Bement
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Lupa
mesh_terms: D000703:Analog-Digital Conversion; D001698:Biomedical Engineering / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002138:Calibration; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003626:Data Display; D011211:Electric Power Supplies; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004582:Electronics, Medical / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D004869:Equipment Safety; D006801:Humans; D008838:Microcomputers / Q000191:economics; D055095:Optics and Photonics / Q000295:instrumentation; D010988:Play and Playthings; D011786:Quality Control; D012984:Software; D018511:Systems Integration; D013686:Telemetry / Q000295:instrumentation; D014584:User-Computer Interface