title: Direct inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 by the kinase inhibitors SB 203580 and PD 98059. SB 203580 also inhibits thromboxane synthase.
abstract: The kinase inhibitors SB 203580 and PD 98059 have been reported to be specific inhibitors of the 38- and 42/44-kDa mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, respectively. In this study, the two inhibitors were found to decrease platelet aggregation induced by low concentrations of arachidonic acid, suggesting that they also interfere with the metabolism of arachidonic acid to thromboxane A2. In support of this, SB 203580 and PD 98059 inhibited the conversion of exogenous [3H]arachidonic acid to [3H]thromboxane in intact platelets. Measurement of platelet cyclooxygenase-1 activity following immunoprecipitation revealed that SB 203580 and PD 98059 are direct inhibitors of this enzyme. Both compounds were shown to inhibit purified cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 by a reversible mechanism. In addition, SB 203580 (but not PD 98059) inhibited platelet aggregation induced by prostaglandin H2 and the conversion of prostaglandin H2 to thromboxane A2 in intact platelets. SB 203580 also inhibited this pathway in platelet microsome preparations, suggesting a direct inhibitory effect on thromboxane synthase. These results demonstrate that direct effects of the two kinase inhibitors on active arachidonic acid metabolites have to be excluded before using these compounds for the investigation of MAPKs in signal transduction pathways. This is of particular relevance to studies on the regulation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 as these two MAPKs are capable of phosphorylating cytosolic phospholipase A2, thereby increasing its intrinsic activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom. angelika.borsch@pharmacology.oxford.ac.uk
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Börsch-Haubold
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pasquet
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Watson
mesh_terms: D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000187:drug effects*; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D015539:Platelet Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D044262:Prostaglandin H2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000187:drug effects*; D011463:Prostaglandins H / Q000494:pharmacology; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013928:Thromboxane A2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013930:Thromboxane-A Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D007093:Imidazoles; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011463:Prostaglandins H; D011725:Pyridines; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D044262:Prostaglandin H2; D013928:Thromboxane A2; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496511:PTGS1 protein, human; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D013930:Thromboxane-A Synthase; C093642:SB 203580; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one