title: Remifentanil, fentanyl, and alfentanil have no influence on the respiratory burst of human neutrophils in vitro.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anaesthetic agents inhibit certain functions of human neutrophils. The respiratory burst (RB) enzyme in the plasma membrane of neutrophils leads to the production of superoxide anion. The oxygen radicals are responsible for killing phagocytised micro-organisms. We investigated the in vitro influence of remifentanil, fentanyl, and alfentanil on the respiratory burst of human neutrophils.
  
  
  METHODS
  For the flow-cytometric evaluation, leukocytes were obtained as supernatant following sedimentation and were incubated with the tested drugs. The concentrations in vitro were adjusted to conform to the plasma concentrations reported for anaesthesia and also to 10-fold higher concentrations. The RB was measured by intracellular oxidation of dihydrorhodamine to fluorescent rhodamine after induction of phorbol-myristate-acetate (PMA), Escherichia coli (E. coli) or priming by tumour necrosis factor alpha followed by stimulation of n-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (TNF-alpha/FMLP). In order to exclude prestimulation of the neutrophil granulocytes, negative controls were carried out. Propidium iodide (PI) was added for viability discrimination immediately prior to flow cytometry measurement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Regardless of the triggering agents chosen (PMA, E. coli, TNF-alpha/FMLP), remifentanil, fentanyl, and alfentanil had no significant effect on the neutrophils' respiratory burst even in concentrations which were higher than those encountered during in vivo conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With respect to peri- and postoperative risk of infection, anaesthetics and analgetics with no inhibiting effect on neutrophil function should be used. These results show that remifentanil, fentanyl, and alfentanil do not influence the neutrophils' respiratory burst in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jaeger
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Scheinichen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heine
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: André
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bund
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Piepenbrock
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leuwer
mesh_terms: D015760:Alfentanil / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077208:Remifentanil; D016897:Respiratory Burst / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D010880:Piperidines; D015760:Alfentanil; D000077208:Remifentanil; D005283:Fentanyl