title: Systemic hypoxia elevates skeletal muscle interstitial adenosine levels in humans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adenosine is a potent vasodilator that has been shown to increase in cardiac tissue in response to hypoxia. However, peripheral vasodilatation also occurs during hypoxia, and the vasoactive substance(s) responsible for skeletal muscle vasodilation have not yet been completely identified. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to measure and quantify skeletal muscle interstitial adenosine during acute systemic hypoxia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Skeletal muscle interstitial adenosine concentrations were determined by the microdialysis technique, in which 4 semipermeable microdialysis probes were inserted into the vastus lateralis muscle of 6 healthy male subjects and perfused at a rate of 5 microL/min with Ringer's solution. Sixty minutes after the insertion of the microdialysis probes, systemic hypoxia was induced for 30 minutes by having the subjects breathe a mixture of 10.5% O2 in N2. Arterial oxygen saturation (fingertip oximeter) was lowered (P<0.05) from 96+/-0.7% to 74.9+/-1.4%, and forearm blood flow was increased 28%. During normoxia, the interstitial adenosine concentration was 0. 44+/-0.08 micromol/L, and it was increased to 1.03+/-0.15 (P<0.05) and 0.85+/-0.09 (P<0.05) after 15 and 30 minutes of hypoxia, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data are consistent with the concept that during acute systemic hypoxia, interstitial adenosine plays a key role in stimulating peripheral vasodilation.
authors.affiliation: Section of Cardiology, The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA. dmaclean@med.hmc.psghs.edu
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: MacLean
authors.forename: L I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Sinoway
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Leuenberger
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism*; D005542:Forearm / Q000098:blood supply; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D017551:Microdialysis; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism*; D012016:Reference Values; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000241:Adenosine