title: Effectiveness and complications of mitomycin C use during pediatric glaucoma surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the safety of mitomycin C (MMC) use in pediatric glaucoma surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective interventional case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred eighty pediatric glaucoma patients younger than 7 years of age (254 eyes) who underwent glaucoma surgery and were followed for at least 1 year participated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surgeries consisted of trabeculectomy or combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy with adjunctive use of MMC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Control of intraocular pressure (IOP) and occurrence of complications were measured. An IOP below 21 mmHg without any additional medical or surgical treatment was considered a success.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Primary congenital glaucoma was present in 98% of the patients. Sixty percent had a trabeculectomy, and 40% had a trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy. The combined surgery was performed mostly in infants up to 1 year of age. Complications were cystic bleb (19), bleb leak (4), retinal detachment (3), flat anterior chamber (3), cataract (2), and endophthalmitis (1). Children younger than 2 years of age had fewer complications but higher failure rates. The combined procedure in infants up to 2 years of age was moderately more successful (57%) than trabeculectomy alone (39%). Minimal complications seen in this group were more likely related to young age than to the type of surgery. Complications increased with time after surgery, with most occurring 2 years or more after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Success of MMC-augmented glaucoma filtering surgery increased with age, as did the complication rate. Serious complications were uncommon in the authors' group of pediatric patients up to now. However, complications related to bleb thinning increased with time after surgery, and additional problems can be anticipated with longer follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: al-Hazmi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zwaan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Awad
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: al-Mesfer
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Mullaney
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Wheeler
mesh_terms: D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000151:congenital / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008297:Male; D008937:Mitomycins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012449:Safety; D014130:Trabeculectomy; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D008937:Mitomycins; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions