title: Cystic fibrosis: predictors of accelerated decline and distribution of disease in 230 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine predictors of accelerated deterioration in radiographic manifestations of cystic fibrosis. The incidence and distribution of focally accentuated disease were also studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 230 patients, 3038 chest radiographs were scored using the Brasfield system. Scores were plotted against age, and a single age-based severity curve was created. Specific observations (at least one episode in the first 5 years of life of air trapping, linear markings, nodular cystic lesions, or large lesions) were assessed to determine predictors of accelerated decline in scores compared with the aggregate scores plotted in the age-based severity curve. Specific observations were noted as present or absent and graded as to severity. A specific observation was counted as present if seen on at least one occasion. (The number of occasions on which the observation was made did not affect statistical analysis.) We also evaluated the distribution of lung disease by assessing the severity and nature of disease through specific lobar distribution.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Males showed a slightly greater rate of radiologic decline. Early development of air trapping or bronchiectasis was associated with an accelerated rate of decline over time. Lobe-dominant disease occurred in one third of all images and in two thirds of the patients. It varied with age in its incidence, location, and etiology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hyperinflation or bronchiectasis that occurs before age 5 is associated with accelerated radiographic deterioration. The incidence and location of lobe-dominant disease varied with age in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Cleveland
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Neish
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zurakowski
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Nichols
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Wohl
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Colin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D011859:Radiography; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index