title: CXCR-4, a chemokine receptor, is overexpressed in and required for proliferation of glioblastoma tumor cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Using the technique of differential hybridization of Atlas Human cDNA expression arrays, we previously reported the isolation of a G protein coupled receptor, CXCR-4, which is overexpressed in glioblastoma multiforme tumor tissue (GMTT) compared to normal brain tissue (NBT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Using gene specific reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and in situ hybridization, we studied its expression in a variety of brain and breast tumor tissue samples. To demonstrate the requirement of CXCR-4 in glioblastoma cell proliferation an antisense construct was overexpressed. Glioblastoma cells were also treated with antibodies against CXCR-4 and its ligand, SDFbeta-1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expression analysis indicated that CXCR-4 is overexpressed in 57% of the primary glioblastoma tissues and in 88% of the glioblastoma cell lines analyzed. Overexpression of CXCR-4 in glioblastoma cell lines enhanced their soft agar colony-forming capability. Expression of anti-sense CXCR-4 in glioblastoma cell lines caused neurite outgrowth and cellular differentiation. Treatment of glioblastoma cell lines with CXCR-4 and SDFbeta-1 specific antibodies caused inhibition of glioblastoma cell proliferation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On the basis of these results, we conclude that CXCR-4 gene is required for the proliferation of human glioblastoma tumors.
authors.affiliation: Pacific Northwest Cancer Foundation, Northwest Hospital, Seattle, Washington 98125, USA. asehgal@nwbio.org
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sehgal
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Keener
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Boynton
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Warrick
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Murphy
mesh_terms: D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002455:Cell Division; D017931:DNA Primers; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012194:RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000378:metabolism*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D012194:RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase