title: High prevalence of peripheral neuropathy in hepatitis C virus infected patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic cryoglobulinaemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fifty per cent of patients with chronic hepatitis C, show detectable cryoglobulinaemia, even though most of them do not show cryoglobulinaemia related symptoms. Peripheral neuropathy is present in most of the patients with symptomatic cryoglobulinaemia, where it may be the first clinical manifestation. The prevalence of peripheral neuropathy in patients with hepatitis C and cryoglobulinaemia is unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence of peripheral neuropathy in HCV infected patients with symptomatic or asymptomatic detectable cryoglobulinaemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-nine patients with HCV infection and detectable cryoglobulinaemia underwent electrophysiological studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Electrophysiological evidence of peripheral neuropathy was found in 37% and was significantly associated with: the presence of cryoglobulinaemia syndrome, older age, higher rheumatoid factor reactivity and immunoglobulin M levels and reduced complement C4 activity. However, electrophysiological evidence of peripheral neuropathy was unrelated to cryocrit levels and type of cryoglobulinaemia and was found in 23/68 patients without any symptoms of cryoglobulinaemia other than pain and paresthesia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that peripheral neuropathy is frequent in patients with hepatitis C and detectable cryoglobulins. Neuropathy was found to be present in 1/3 of patients without other cryoglobulinaemia-related symptoms, thus a direct or indirect role of HCV, independent of cryoglobulinaemia, in the pathogenesis of nerve damage cannot be ruled out.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zaltron
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Puoti
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liberini
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Antonini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Quinzanini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manni
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Forleo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spinetti
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zanini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carosi
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003181:Complement C4 / Q000032:analysis; D003449:Cryoglobulinemia / Q000150:complications*; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005260:Female; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012217:Rheumatoid Factor / Q000032:analysis; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D003181:Complement C4; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D012217:Rheumatoid Factor