title: Proteasome inhibitors which induce neurite outgrowth from PC12h cells cause different subcellular accumulations of multi-ubiquitin chains.
abstract: The effects of two proteasome inhibitors on neurite outgrowth from PC12h cells were investigated in terms of the mean length of the neurites and the frequency of occurrence of cells with long neurites. Benzyloxycarbonyl-leucyl-leucyl-leucinal (ZLLLal) and benzyloxycarbonyl-isoleucyl-t-butyl-glutamyl-leucinal (PSI) caused a significant elongation of PC12h cell neurites. Since ZLLLal is known to inhibit both calpain and proteasome activity, we examined the effects ofbenzyloxycarbonyl-leucyl-leucinal (ZLLal) which inhibits calpain activity to the same degree as ZLLLal, but which inhibits proteasome activity only weakly. ZLLal did not induce the significant elongation of neurites at any of the concentrations we studied. These results show that the inhibition of proteasome activity causes neurite elongation. We also quantified subcellular levels of multi-ubiquitin chains and free ubiquitin after treatments with PSI, ZLLLal and ZLLal. Treatment with ZLLal had no effects on levels of water- and urea-soluble multi-ubiquitin chains or of free ubiquitin either in the nucleus or in the cytoplasm. PSI and ZLLLal induced a large accumulation of water- and urea-soluble multi-ubiquitin chains and free ubiquitin in the nucleus. Similarly, PSI and ZLLLal increased cytoplasmic levels of urea-soluble multi-ubiquitin chains. On the contrary, PSI and ZLLLal had no effect on levels of water-soluble multi-ubiquitin chains or free ubiquitin in the cytoplasm. This is the first study to demonstrate subcellular differences in the accumulation of multi-ubiquitin chains and free ubiquitin during the neurite elongation induced by proteasome inhibitors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kangawa, Japan. r2kaneko@marianna-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ohtani-Kaneko
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takada
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iigo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yokosawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawashima
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohkawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirata
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases / Q000187:drug effects*; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000187:drug effects*; D016501:Neurites / Q000187:drug effects*; D016716:PC12 Cells; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D051381:Rats; D012995:Solubility; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000378:metabolism*; D014452:Ubiquitins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014508:Urea / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D014452:Ubiquitins; D014867:Water; D014508:Urea; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex