title: Significance of cytomegalovirus for long-term survival after orthotopic liver transplantation: a prospective derivation and validation cohort analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and disease has been found to be associated with decreased graft and patient survival among heart transplant recipients. We sought to explore the effect of CMV infection and disease on long-term survival in orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) recipients using a derivation and validation cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  For derivation-validation modeling, we used data collected from two prospectively followed cohorts as the basis for multivariate analyses: 167 OLT recipients from the Boston Center for Liver Transplantation (the derivation set; median follow-up: 5.5 years, mortality: 40%) and an independent cohort of 294 OLT recipients from the Mayo Clinic (the validation set; median follow-up: 4.8 years, mortality: 27%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Underlying liver disease other than primary biliary cirrhosis or sclerosing cholangitis, number of units of red blood cells administered during transplantation, and donor CMV seropositivity were the pre- and intratransplant variables independently associated (P<0.01) with decreased long-term survival in the derivation cohort. For variables collected up to 1 year after transplantation, the need for retransplan. tation, CMV pneumonia, invasive fungal disease, and underlying liver disease other than primary biliary cirrhosis or sclerosing cholangitis were independently associated (P<0.01) with decreased long-term survival in the derivation cohort. The magnitude of the relationship of each pre-, intra-, and posttransplant factor with survival, as measured by the relative risk, did not significantly differ between the derivation and validation cohorts. The derivation model, incorporating pre-, intra-, and posttransplant factors, had receiver operating characteristic areas of 73% and 74% for 5-year mortality in the derivation and validation cohorts, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data from a derivation and an independent validation cohort demonstrate that CMV factors (reflected by either donor CMV seropositivity at transplantation, CMV pneumonia, or CMV disease within the first posttransplant year) are independently associated with decreased long-term survival in OLT recipients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, New England Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Falagas
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Paya
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ruthazer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Badley
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wiesner
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Griffith
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rohrer
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Snydman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors