title: Biochemical evidence for autocrine/paracrine regulation of apoptosis in cultured uterine epithelial cells during mouse embryo implantation in vitro.
abstract: During embryo implantation, apoptosis is observed morphologically at the implantation site of endometrium. The objectives of this study were to demonstrate biochemical evidence of apoptosis and quantitative assessment of DNA fragmentation in uterine epithelial cells using a mouse implantation model, and to investigate the autocrine/paracrine regulation of apoptosis in uterine epithelial cells during blastocyst outgrowth. Blastocysts from day 4 pregnant mice were cultured on uterine epithelial cells for 96 h. Uterine epithelial cells dislodged by trophoblasts in endometrium-trophoblast unit demonstrated morphological features of apoptosis by Acridine Orange staining. Electrophoresis demonstrated DNA ladder and DNA fragmentation by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay markedly increased after 48 h period of incubation. Apoptosis increased in an exponential way in accordance with trophoblast outgrowth. In addition, DNA fragmentation was shown in the epithelial cells by adding embryo-conditioned medium (CM) and the effect of embryo CM on apoptosis was significantly inhibited by anti-transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta antibody. Delayed outgrowth was observed after 48 h of incubation in the blastocysts cultured with anti-TGF-beta antibody. These results suggest there is autocrine/paracrine regulation of apoptosis in uterine epithelial cells at mouse embryo implantation and that TGF-beta might play an important role in the occurrence of apoptosis in the endometrium-trophoblast unit.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark 07103, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamijo
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Rajabi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mizunuma
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ibuki
mesh_terms: D000165:Acridine Orange; D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D010064:Embryo Implantation / Q000502:physiology*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D011247:Pregnancy; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D014599:Uterus / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D000165:Acridine Orange