title: Corneal damage by half mustard (2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide, CEES) in vitro preventive studies: a histologic and electron microscopic evaluation.
abstract: The effect of half-mustard (2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide, CEES) on the morphology and ultrastructure of the cornea has been studied in vitro. Extensive necrotic changes were observed histologically as well as electron microscopically. The outer layer of corneal epithelium was observed to undergo vacuolization and globulization prior to its denudation. The epithelium becomes separated from the Bowman's membrane. These necrotic changes are prevented from taking place in the presence of a mixture of taurine, pyruvic acid, alpha-keto glutaric acid and pantothenic acid suggesting the use of this mixture in the prevention of mustard damage.
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland at Baltimore, School of Medicine, 21201-1192, USA.
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Varma
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Devamanoharan
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Henein
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Petrali
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brozetti
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lehnert
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D003315:Cornea / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003318:Corneal Opacity / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004338:Drug Combinations; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007656:Ketoglutaric Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009151:Mustard Gas / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity; D010205:Pantothenic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019289:Pyruvic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011817:Rabbits; D013654:Taurine / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D007656:Ketoglutaric Acids; D010205:Pantothenic Acid; D013654:Taurine; C031278:2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide; D019289:Pyruvic Acid; D009151:Mustard Gas