title: Reproducibility of irregular radiation fields for malignant lymphoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Radiation treatment for malignant lymphoma requires large field irradiation with irregular blocks according to the individual anatomy and tumor configuration. For determination of safety margins (PTV) we quantitatively analysed the accuracy of field and block placement with regard to different anatomical regions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients with malignant lymphoma were irradiated using the classical supra-/infradiaphragmatic field arrangements. Treatment was performed with 10-MeV photons and irregularly shaped, large opposing fields. We evaluated the accuracy of field and block placements during the treatment courses by comparing the regularly performed verification-with the simulation films. Deviations were determined with respect to the field edges and the central axis, along the x- and z-axis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With regard to the field edges, mean deviations of 2.0 mm and 3.4 mm were found along the x- and z-axis. The corresponding standard deviations were 3.4 mm and 5.5 mm, respectively. With regard to the shielding blocks, mean displacement along the x- and z-axis was 2.2 mm and 3.8 mm. In addition, overall standard deviations of 5.7 mm (x-axis) and 7.1 mm (z-axis) were determined. During the course of time an improved accuracy of block placement was notable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Systematic analysis of port films gives information for a better defining safety margins in external radiotherapy. Evaluation of verification films on a regular basis improves set-up accuracy by reducing displacements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy and Radiobiology, University Hospital, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Mock
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dieckmann
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Molitor
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Haverkamp
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pötter
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011859:Radiography; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011882:Radiotherapy, High-Energy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012449:Safety; D013997:Time Factors; D014962:X-Ray Film