title: Oral ulcerations in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus: clinical presentations, diagnosis, management, and relevance to disease progression.
abstract: Oral ulcerations can be both a localized disease entity and a manifestation of an underlying systemic condition. In individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus, oral ulceration may serve as a marker for a specific systemic illness, early immunosuppression, and disease progression. This article reviews clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management of oral ulcerations in individuals with the human immunodeficiency virus.
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kademani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Glick
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D002180:Candidiasis, Oral / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D018450:Disease Progression; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006566:Herpesviridae Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D019226:Oral Ulcer / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy; D012514:Sarcoma, Kaposi / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis