title: The Northern New England Cardiovascular Disease Study Group: a regional collaborative effort for continuous quality improvement in cardiovascular disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Northern New England Cardiovascular Disease Study Group, a voluntary regional consortium, includes all cardiothoracic surgeons and interventional cardiologists, as well as nurses, anesthesiologists, perfusionists, administrators, and scientists associated with the six medical centers in Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont and one Massachusetts-based medical center that support coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery and percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). Since 1987 the group has met at least three times a year to foster improvements in patient care.
  The group's activities have included continued monitoring of outcomes, training in continuous quality improvement, and a benchmarking effort that allowed institutions to learn from one another. In the postintervention period (mid-1991 through early 1992) there were 293 fewer deaths (n = 575) than the 868 expected. In 1995 a new cycle of quality improvement work aimed at identifying the causes and correlates of postoperative mortality began. Study groups for each institution were organized to examine issues related to death from low-output states.
  Major improvement in hospital outcomes have occurred in relation to the improving technology (primarily coronary stenting). Near-twofold variability in the use of stents has led to vigorous discussions about the role of new devices.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Randomized clinical trials are very important to assessing the effects of specific treatments, but most of what is known about actual clinical care will come from observational studies. Demonstrating the variability in practice patterns can be a potent stimulus to try to answer the important questions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA. david.malenka@hitchcock.org
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Malenka
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: O'Connor
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers / Q000458:organization & administration*; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000592:standards*; D016507:Cardiology Service, Hospital / Q000592:standards; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000401:mortality / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D007373:Interinstitutional Relations; D009511:New England; D019982:Organizational Case Studies; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000592:standards; D012041:Regional Medical Programs / Q000458:organization & administration*; D017749:Total Quality Management / Q000458:organization & administration*