title: Hepatotoxicity related to intracavernous pharmacotherapy with papaverine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the incidence of hepatotoxicity related to self-administration of intracavernous papaverine or papaverine/phentolamine (bimix).
  
  
  METHODS
  From October 1994 through June 1996, we retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 71 consecutive patients diagnosed with organic erectile dysfunction (ED) and receiving intracavernous injection therapy. Inclusion criteria were documentation of normal baseline liver function tests (LFTs), a minimum of 6 months of follow-up that included LFTs, at least one self-injection every 2 weeks, and no other prior or concurrent treatment for ED. Thirty evaluable patients satisfied the inclusion criteria and formed group 1. Mean age was 63 years (range 40 to 77), mean follow-up was 18 months (range 6 to 32), and mean number of injections per month was 5.7 (range 3 to 12). An age-matched population of 20 patients (mean age 69 years, range 46 to 90) without ED but with similar comorbid risk factors formed the control group (group 2). All patients in group 2 had routine long-term follow-up of LFTs (mean 52 months, range 10 to 1 14).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two patients (6.67%) from group 1 had elevated LFTs during treatment: one experienced a mild elevation in alanine aminotransferase and the other developed transient elevations of total bilirubin and aspartate aminotransferase 6 months after beginning therapy. Both patients reported a history of alcohol abuse. Both patients remained asymptomatic. Neither patient required discontinuation of therapy. One patient (5%) from group 2 developed an elevation of total bilirubin at a follow-up of 12 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Routine monitoring of LFTs is probably unnecessary during intracavernous pharmacotherapy. Patients with a history of alcohol abuse or liver disease, however, should be followed up more closely when papaverine is selected for intracavernous injection. In these patients, LFTs should be obtained before initiating treatment and at 6-month intervals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Cleveland Veterans Administration Medical Center, University Hospital of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University, Ohio 44106, USA.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Haas
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koehler
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Bodner
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Seftel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000188:drug therapy; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010208:Papaverine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010413:Penis; D010646:Phentolamine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D010208:Papaverine; D010646:Phentolamine