title: 4 beta, 15-Diacetoxyscirpenol induces cytotoxicity and alterations in phagocytic and Fc-receptor expression functions in chicken macrophages in vitro.
abstract: 4 beta, 15 Diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species was tested for detrimental effects on macrophage viability, phagocytosis, and Fc-receptor expression. Sephadex-elicited chicken abdominal cells were harvested to establish adherent macrophage monolayers on glass coverslips. Coverslips were then assigned randomly to treatment groups (0, 12.5 and 25 micrograms/mL DAS). Macrophage monolayers were exposed to treatments for 1 h, washed, and tested for various functional endpoints. Treatment with DAS resulted in decreased viability of macrophages (90.8% vs 81.5% vs 70.4% viable in the 0, 12.5 and 25 micrograms treatments, respectively) and decreased the percentage of macrophages phagocytizing sheep erythrocytes (81.6% vs 53.1% vs 46.0%. DAS also caused a decrease in the mean number of opsonized cells engulfed per phagocytic macrophage (5.7 vs 3.7 vs 2.9). A similar trend was observed using unopsonized sheep erythrocytes (15.4% vs 7.6% vs 5.5% phagocytic macrophages and 0.29 vs 0.11 vs 0.08 erythrocytes engulfed per macrophage). The incidence of Fc-receptor positive macrophages determined by sheep erythrocyte rosetting was also decreased in DAS-treated macrophages as compared to the control (49.2% vs 32.7% vs 24.2%). The findings of this study demonstrate that DAS exposure causes a suppression in macrophage phagocytic function and therefore may alter the first line of immunological defense in chickens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7608, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Qureshi
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Brundage
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Hamilton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002645:Chickens; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D011961:Receptors, Fc / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D009183:Mycotoxins; D011961:Receptors, Fc; D014255:Trichothecenes; C001809:diacetoxyscirpenol