title: Regulatable production of insulin from primary-cultured hepatocytes: insulin production is up-regulated by glucagon and cAMP and down-regulated by insulin.
abstract: To utilize hepatocytes for insulin-producing surrogate cells, we devised a regulatory secretion system by placing proinsulin DNA under the regulatable promoter for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK). The expression of PEPCK is down-regulated by insulin, and up-regulated by cAMP and glucagon. To express insulin in hepatocytes, we constructed an adenoviral insulin expression system. After infection, the hepatocytes secreted immunoreactive insulin (IRI) at an increasing rate. IRI secretion increased over four-fold upon stimulation with 300 microM cAMP and 500 microM of the cAMP-dependent phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). This increase was also observed with glucagon and IBMX. Production was augmented two-fold by the addition of wortmannin, phosphatidylinositol (PI)-3-kinase inhibitor, suggesting that inhibitory insulin signaling to the PEPCK promoter may be mediated through PI-3-kinase. Addition of exogenous insulin to the culture decreased insulin mRNA expression remarkably on Northern blot. Thus, by using a PEPCK promoter for insulin expression, we were able to up-regulate insulin production from hepatocytes with cAMP and glucagon, and down-regulate with insulin itself.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tamemoto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
mesh_terms: D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000256:Adenoviridae; D000730:Androstadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D005934:Glucagon / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007329:Insulin Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D010729:Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (GTP); D011384:Proinsulin / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000077191:Wortmannin
chemical_list: D000730:Androstadienes; D007328:Insulin; D007329:Insulin Antagonists; D005934:Glucagon; D011384:Proinsulin; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D010729:Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (GTP); D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; D000077191:Wortmannin