title: APIC and CDC survey of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolation and control practices in hospitals caring for children. Part 1: Patient and family isolation policies and procedures. Association for Professionals in Infection and Epidemiology, Inc.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The 1994 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention draft Guidelines for Preventing the Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Health-Care Facilities did not exempt pediatric facilities from instituting controls to prevent nosocomial tuberculosis (TB) transmission. Many researchers contend that TB disease in children does not require such rigid controls. We surveyed acute-care pediatric facilities in the United States to determine adherence to patient and family isolation policies and procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 4 mailings of a survey to infection control professionals at 284 US children's hospitals and adult acute-care hospitals with > 30 pediatric beds.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall response rate was 69%. Only 41% of respondents reported having a written TB policy specifically designed for pediatric patients. Whereas 98% of respondents isolated pediatric patients with confirmed pulmonary TB, only 69% reported isolation of patients with miliary TB, and 79% reported isolation of patients with positive gastric aspirates. TB isolation policies for adult visitors were in place at 69% of hospitals, and 50% of hospitals evaluated adults for TB as part of the child's TB treatment plan. A median of 3 contact investigations occurred at each of 47% of respondent hospitals in the preceding 5 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Isolation and infection control policies for children with pulmonary TB largely conformed to published guidelines but varied for children with nonpulmonary TB. Because the greatest risk of nosocomial TB transmission in pediatric facilities comes from adults with TB, a rapid TB screening process for parents and adult contacts accompanying affected children should be instituted at facilities caring for children.
authors.affiliation: Hospital Infections Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kellerman
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Simonds
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Towsley
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Stover
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jarvis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002487:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.; D002648:Child; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D005190:Family; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006757:Hospital Units / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D017053:Infection Control / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016134:Organizational Policy; D010356:Patient Isolation / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D014481:United States; D014789:Visitors to Patients