title: Portfolio: a prototype workstation for development and evaluation of tools for analysis and management of digital portal images.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this investigation was to design and implement a prototype physician workstation, called PortFolio, as a platform for developing and evaluating, by means of controlled observer studies, user interfaces and interactive tools for analyzing and managing digital portal images. The first observer study was designed to measure physician acceptance of workstation technology, as an alternative to a view box, for inspection and analysis of portal images for detection of treatment setup errors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The observer study was conducted in a controlled experimental setting to evaluate physician acceptance of the prototype workstation technology exemplified by PortFolio. PortFolio incorporates a windows user interface, a compact kit of carefully selected image analysis tools, and an object-oriented data base infrastructure. The kit evaluated in the observer study included tools for contrast enhancement, registration, and multimodal image visualization. Acceptance was measured in the context of performing portal image analysis in a structured protocol designed to simulate clinical practice. The acceptability and usage patterns were measured from semistructured questionnaires and logs of user interactions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Radiation oncologists, the subjects for this study, perceived the tools in PortFolio to be acceptable clinical aids. Concerns were expressed regarding user efficiency, particularly with respect to the image registration tools.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of our observer study indicate that workstation technology is acceptable to radiation oncologists as an alternative to a view box for clinical detection of setup errors from digital portal images. Improvements in implementation, including more tools and a greater degree of automation in the image analysis tasks, are needed to make PortFolio more clinically practical.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7512, USA.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Boxwala
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Chaney
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Fritsch
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Rosenman
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D006801:Humans; D010865:Pilot Projects; D018787:Radiation Oncology; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D011873:Radiology Information Systems; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; D013679:Technology, Radiologic; D014584:User-Computer Interface