title: Transmyocardial laser revascularization fails to prevent left ventricular functional deterioration and aneurysm formation after acute myocardial infarction in sheep.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Transmyocardial laser revascularization is an investigational technique for revascularizing ischemic myocardium in patients with inoperable coronary arterial disease. This study tests the hypothesis that laser revascularization prevents left ventricular functional deterioration and aneurysm formation after acute anteroapical myocardial infarction.
  
  
  METHODS
  An ultrasonic ascending aortic flow probe and snares around the distal left anterior descending and second diagonal coronary arteries were placed in 26 Dorsett hybrid sheep. Ten to 14 days later, snared arteries were occluded to produce an anteroapical infarction of 23% of left ventricular mass. Before infarction 14 animals had 34 +/- 4 transmyocardial perforations in the area of the anticipated infarction made with a carbon dioxide laser. Twelve animals served as controls. Hemodynamic measurements and transdiaphragmatic quantitative echocardiograms were obtained before, immediately after, and 2, 5, and 8 weeks after infarction. Eighteen sheep completed the protocol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All animals had large anteroapical left ventricular aneurysms with massive ventricular enlargement. Immediately after infarction the anterior wall became thinner and dyskinetic in all sheep. At 8 weeks aneurysmal size and shape were indistinguishable between groups. Two days after infarction, laser holes were filled with fibrin. At 5 and 8 weeks the infarct consisted of dense collagen, fibroblasts, scattered calcifications, myocyte fragments, neutrophils, macrophages, and no laser holes. There were no significant differences at any time between groups for cardiac pressures or output, ventricular volumes, ejection fraction, stroke work, and the stroke work-left ventricular end-diastolic pressure index.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transmyocardial laser perforations do not revascularize acute myocardial infarction in sheep.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Malekan
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Kelley
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Plappert
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Sutton
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Edmunds
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Bridges
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004452:Echocardiography; D005337:Fibrin / Q000378:metabolism; D006322:Heart Aneurysm / Q000473:pathology*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D053685:Laser Therapy; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000473:pathology*; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D012756:Sheep; D017211:Treatment Failure; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D005337:Fibrin