title: A pharmacoeconomic analysis of Neoral without intravenous cyclosporine in liver transplantation in Canada.
abstract: Neoral, a microemulsion formulation of cyclosporin A (CsA), has improved absorption compared to Sandimmune and has allowed induction of immunosuppression in liver transplantation (LT) without the use of intravenous (i.v.) CsA. The improved bioavailability with less inter- and intra-patient dosing variability coupled with the lack of requirement for i.v. CsA may provide a mechanism for cost savings when Neoral is used for induction immunosuppression. This retrospective case-control study compares the relative costs associated with Neoral induction without i.v. CsA versus induction with i.v. CsA followed by oral CsA in adult liver transplant recipients. Twenty consecutive patients receiving Neoral 12-15 mg/kg per d were compared to a control group of 21 patients receiving i.v. CsA followed by oral CsA for induction. Both groups received the same rapidly tapered dose of methyl-prednisilone. Health care resource utilization was assigned based on days in hospital and acute rejection episodes (ARE). Hospital per diem rates at specified care levels were used to assign costs associated with hospital stay, while a previously developed case-costing model was used to assign costs to episodes of acute rejection. All patients were followed for a 3-month period post-transplant. Although there was a trend towards shorter hospital stay in the Neoral group the majority of cost savings were achieved by reducing costs associated with episodes of acute rejection. There were seven and 19 episodes of ARE in the Neoral and i.v. CsA groups respectively (p < 0.05.) A separate cost effective assessment of the effect of reducing rejection by decision tree analysis demonstrated a cost reduction of $2162 per patient. The savings achieved with Neoral proved robust on sensitivity analysis. The change of practice to an induction immunosuppression regimen of Neoral without i.v. CsA has achieved a cost savings in adult liver transplantation at our center.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Toronto Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada. ahemming@inforamp.net
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Hemming
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Cattral
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Greig
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meisner
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Turcotte
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Lilly
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Levy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002170:Canada; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D017046:Cost Savings; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics*; D016527:Drug Costs; D004655:Emulsions; D006084:Graft Rejection; D017721:Hospital Costs; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007902:Length of Stay; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000191:economics*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D016572:Cyclosporine