title: Costs, effects, and savings of screening for cystic fibrosis gene carriers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluating the costs, effects, and savings of several strategies for cystic fibrosis (CF) gene carrier screening.
  
  
  METHODS
  A general model for evaluating prenatal, preconceptional, school, and neonatal carrier screening was constructed. For prenatal and preconceptional screening, two strategies were evaluated: single entry and double entry two step couple screening. Firstly, the Dutch situation was evaluated prospectively; subsequently the results were generalised to other carrier frequencies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective simulation model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of all screening strategies, neonatal carrier screening gives most carrier couples an informed choice concerning reproduction. If the parents of carrier newborns would not be tested however, prenatal screening detects most carrier couples. Prenatal and single entry preconceptional screening programmes have a favourable cost-savings balance in the Netherlands under a wide range of assumptions. For double entry preconceptional screening and neonatal screening, high enough values of uptake of screening, prenatal diagnosis, and induced abortion are necessary. School carrier screening does not have a favourable cost-savings balance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  If a CF screening programme is judged to be useful on individual and social grounds, costs considerations are no obstacle for prenatal and single entry preconceptional screening.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Wildhagen
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Hilderink
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Verzijl
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Verheij
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kooij
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tijmstra
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: ten Kate
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Habbema
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D005260:Female; D006580:Genetic Carrier Screening; D005817:Genetic Counseling / Q000191:economics; D005820:Genetic Testing / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D018803:Models, Economic; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000191:economics; D011446:Prospective Studies