Oral contraceptives and estrogen combinations (excluding progestogens) during the first trimester--clearly increased the risk of overall birth defects.
Martínez-Frías
M L
ML
Rodríguez-Pinilla
E
E
Bermejo
E
E
Prieto
L
L
D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors
D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones