title: Hypoxia-induced pRB hypophosphorylation results from downregulation of CDK and upregulation of PP1 activities.
abstract: Exposure of CV-1P cells to hypoxic conditions results in reversible cell cycle arrest concomitant with accumulation of pRB in the hypophosphorylated, growth suppressive form. Similar to cell cycle arrest induced by serum starvation, we show here that hypoxia-induced arrest is accompanied by a decrease in pRB-directed CDK4 and CDK2 activities, lower cyclin D and E protein levels, and by an increase in p27 protein abundance. Immunoprecipitation studies reveal an increase in p27 association with cyclin E-CDK2 complexes. In contrast to cell cycle arrest induced by serum starvation, hypoxia increases PP1-mediated pRB dephosphorylation. These data reveal that synergy between decreased pRB-directed cyclin/CDK activity and increased pRB-directed phosphatase activity contribute towards inducing and maintaining pRB in its hypophosphorylated, growth suppressive state during hypoxia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, New York 14642, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krtolica
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Krucher
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Ludlow
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D042846:CDC2-CDC28 Kinases; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019927:Cyclin E / Q000378:metabolism; D051357:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004847:Epithelial Cells; D016193:G1 Phase / Q000502:physiology; D000882:Haplorhini; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010762:Phosphorylase a / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D016196:S Phase / Q000502:physiology; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D019927:Cyclin E; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; D010762:Phosphorylase a; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D042846:CDC2-CDC28 Kinases; D051357:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases