title: Increased left ventricular mass and hypertrophy are associated with increased risk for sudden death.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the relations of echocardiographically determined left ventricular (LV) mass and hypertrophy to the risk of sudden death.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Echocardiographic LV hypertrophy is associated with increased risk for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. However, little is known about the association of echocardiographic LV hypertrophy with sudden death.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the relations of LV mass and hypertrophy to the incidence of sudden death in 3,661 subjects enrolled in the Framingham Heart Study who were > or =40 years of age. The baseline examination was performed from 1979 to 1983 and LV hypertrophy was defined as LV mass (adjusted for height) > 143 g/m in men and > 102 g/m in women. During up to 14 years of follow-up there were 60 sudden deaths. Cox models examined the relations of LV mass and LV hypertrophy to sudden death risk after adjusting for known risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of LV hypertrophy was 21.5%. The risk factor-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for sudden death was 1.45 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10 to 1.92, p=0.008) for each 50-g/m increment in LV mass. For LV hypertrophy, the risk factor-adjusted HR for sudden death was 2.16 (95% CI 1.22 to 3.81, p=0.008). After excluding the first 4 years of follow-up, both increased LV mass and LV hypertrophy conferred long-term risk of sudden death (HR 1.53, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.28, p=0.047 and HR 3.28, 95% CI 1.58 to 6.83, p=0.002, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased LV mass and hypertrophy are associated with increased risk for sudden death after accounting for known risk factors.
authors.affiliation: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Massachusetts 01702, USA.
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Haider
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Benjamin
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Levy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003645:Death, Sudden / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D004452:Echocardiography; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends