title: Metallothionein expression in renal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess metallothionein (MT) expression with immunohistochemical localization in human renal cell carcinoma and to determine whether a possible relationship with the histopathologic findings, tumor grade, or pathologic tumor stage is demonstrable, because MT may have a role in carcinogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Archival pathologic specimens and medical records were reviewed for 28 patients with renal cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemical localization of MT was performed with a polyclonal-antibody-to-rat-liver MT, an anti-rabbit IgG linking antibody, and an avidin-biotin horseradish peroxidase complex. Correlation was sought between immunohistochemical data (MT staining intensity, extension, and subcellular site) and clinical data (histologic cell type, tumor grade, and pathologic stage).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean patient age was 61.7 years (range 42 to 86). The predominant histologic cell type was the clear cell variant. Three, sixteen, and nine tumors were pathologically staged as 1, 2, and 3, respectively. There were 1, 13, 10, and 4 tumors with grades 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Among the independent variables, greater immunoreactivity was observed in Stage 2 tumors (P = 0.028). A significant inverse relationship between tumor grade and MT staining intensity was also observed (P = 0.007).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The inverse relationship in renal cell carcinoma between MT immunoreactivity and tumor grade may indicate a role for MT in tumor growth and dedifferentiation. Increased MT immunoreactivity in lower stage tumors may be related to rapid tumor growth during their growth cycle. Further study is required to elucidate the role of MT in renal cell carcinoma oncogenesis and its possible use as a clinical prognostic parameter.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Izawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moussa
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Cherian
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Doig
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Chin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008668:Metallothionein / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging
chemical_list: D008668:Metallothionein