title: Topographical reliability of mesio-temporal sources of interictal spikes in temporal lobe epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Localization of hippocampal paroxysmal activities in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) by means of dipole modeling has often been criticized because of the supposed inaccuracy of this technique in localizing deep sources of EEG signals. This study aimed at assessing the relevance of mesio-temporal dipoles, as identified by modeling of scalp recorded spikes in TLE.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surface and depth EEG activities were simultaneously recorded using scalp and intracranial electrodes implanted through the foramen ovale (FO) in 3 patients with refractory TLE seizures. Intracranial FO spikes were used as triggers for scalp EEG averaging. The averaged signals were modeled by current dipoles, the localization of which were fused with patients' 3D-MRI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Individual FO spikes were undetectable on visual analysis of raw scalp EEG but were reflected by low-amplitude scalp EEG transients on averaged signal. Dipole modeling of this EEG deflection consistently identified a mesio-limbic source in a position close to that of the FO pole recording the intracranial spike with its maximal amplitude.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This result suggests that mesio-temporal sources can be accurately localized by modeling the signals recorded on the scalp, thus validating the anatomical and clinical relevance of hippocampal sources identified by modeling scalp interictal averaged spikes in TLE.
authors.affiliation: UPR, Equipe d'Accueil 1880, Claude Bernard University Lyon I, Functional Neurology and Epileptology, France.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Merlet
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Garcia-Larrea
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ryvlin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Isnard
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sindou
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mauguière
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004566:Electrodes; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013100:Sphenoid Bone; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology*