title: Embryonic stem cell lines derived from human blastocysts.
abstract: Human blastocyst-derived, pluripotent cell lines are described that have normal karyotypes, express high levels of telomerase activity, and express cell surface markers that characterize primate embryonic stem cells but do not characterize other early lineages. After undifferentiated proliferation in vitro for 4 to 5 months, these cells still maintained the developmental potential to form trophoblast and derivatives of all three embryonic germ layers, including gut epithelium (endoderm); cartilage, bone, smooth muscle, and striated muscle (mesoderm); and neural epithelium, embryonic ganglia, and stratified squamous epithelium (ectoderm). These cell lines should be useful in human developmental biology, drug discovery, and transplantation medicine.
authors.affiliation: Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Itskovitz-Eldor
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Waknitz
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Swiergiel
authors.forename: V S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015295:Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000166:cytology*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D015925:Cryopreservation; D004475:Ectoderm / Q000166:cytology; D004707:Endoderm / Q000166:cytology; D005260:Female; D006028:Glycosphingolipids / Q000032:analysis; D006084:Graft Rejection; D006801:Humans; D007621:Karyotyping; D008297:Male; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000166:cytology; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D055746:Stage-Specific Embryonic Antigens; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology*; D019098:Telomerase / Q000378:metabolism; D013724:Teratoma / Q000209:etiology; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D015295:Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate; D006028:Glycosphingolipids; D055746:Stage-Specific Embryonic Antigens; C052924:stage-specific embryonic antigen-3; C066584:stage-specific embryonic antigen-4; D019098:Telomerase