title: Adolescents' responses to cigarette advertisements: links between exposure, liking, and the appeal of smoking.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate adolescents' responses to cigarette advertisements for different brands.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adolescents were shown one print advertisement for each of five cigarette brands (Camel, Marlboro, Kool, Benson & Hedges, and Lucky Strike). They indicated on a structured questionnaire how many times they had seen the advertisement (or one almost like it), how much they liked it, whether or not they thought it made smoking more appealing, and whether or not it made them want to smoke cigarettes of that brand.
  
  
  METHODS
  Middle school and high school classrooms, seven schools in four states in the United States (New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Texas). The classrooms were selected randomly within each school.
  
  
  METHODS
  534 adolescents in grades 6-12 (ages 11-18 years) from seven schools in four states, 54% female, 76% white.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The advertisements for Camel and Marlboro were more likely than the advertisements for the other brands to be seen, to be liked, to be viewed as making smoking appealing, and to influence adolescents to want to smoke cigarettes of that brand. More than 95% of the adolescents had seen an advertisement featuring Joe Camel or the Marlboro Man at least once, and more than 50% had seen these advertisements six or more times. Nearly half believed that the Joe Camel advertisement makes smoking more appealing, and 40% believed that the Marlboro Man advertisement makes smoking more appealing. Adolescent smokers were more likely than nonsmokers to believe that the advertisements for Camel and Marlboro make smoking more appealing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The advertisements most popular among adolescents are for two of the brands they are most likely to smoke--Marlboro and Camel. The results of the study are consistent with the view that certain cigarette advertisements enhance the appeal of smoking to many adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211-7700, USA. arnett@showme.missouri.edu
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Arnett
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Terhanian
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D000329:Advertising; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008389:Marketing of Health Services; D012649:Self Concept; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires