title: Quantitation of intracellular [Na+] in vivo by using TmDOTP5- as an NMR shift reagent and extracellular marker.
abstract: A method is presented to measure the absolute concentration of intracellular Na+ ([Na+]i) in vivo by using interleaved 23Na- and 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and TmDOTP5- as shift reagent and chemical marker of tissue extracellular space (ECS). The technique was used to determine [Na+]i and relative ECS in livers of control rats (21 +/- 3 and 0.11 +/- 0.02 mM, respectively) and in rats exposed to carbon tetrachloride (103 +/- 29 and 0.23 +/- 0.03 mM, respectively). The NMR measurements were confirmed independently on excised tissue samples by using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results confirm that TmDOTP5- can be used as a combined cation shift reagent and ECS marker, thereby allowing quantitation of [Na+]i in vivo by NMR.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington 76019, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Seshan
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Makos
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Sherry
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Malloy
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bansal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002138:Calibration; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism*; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D010761:Phosphorus Radioisotopes; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism*; D012979:Sodium Radioisotopes; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D013932:Thulium
chemical_list: D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D010761:Phosphorus Radioisotopes; D012979:Sodium Radioisotopes; C069929:thulium(III) 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetramethylenephosphonate; D013932:Thulium; D012964:Sodium