title: Administration of an intravenous perfluorocarbon contrast agent improves echocardiographic determination of left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction: comparison with cine magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine whether contrast-enhanced transthoracic echocardiography improves the evaluation of left ventricular (LV) volumes and ejection fraction (EF).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Echocardiographic assessment of LV volumes and EF is widely used but may be inaccurate when the endocardium is not completely visualized. Recently the intravenous (i.v.) administration of perfluorocarbon microbubbles has been shown to enhance opacification of the LV cavity, but the utility of these agents to improve the echocardiographic assessment of LV systolic function is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 40 subjects (29 men and 11 women, aged 24 to 81 years) an assessment of LV volumes and EF was performed with a magnetic resonance imaging examination, followed immediately by a transthoracic echocardiogram before and after the intravenous administration of 2% dodecafluoropentane emulsion (EchoGen; Sonus Pharmaceuticals, Bothell, Washington).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Contrast enhanced the echocardiographic assessment of LV end diastolic volume (p < 0.02), end systolic volume (p < 0.01) and LVEF (p < 0.03). The percentage of subjects in whom the correct echocardiographic classification EF was normal, mild to moderately depressed or severely reduced improved significantly after contrast enhancement (from 71% before contrast to 94% after, p < 0.03). These findings were most striking in the subjects with two or more adjacent endocardial segments not visualized at baseline.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Administration of an intravenous contrast agent improves the ability to accurately assess LV volumes and EF in humans. Contrast enhancement is most useful in subjects with two or more adjacent endocardial segments not seen at baseline.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-9047, USA.
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Hundley
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kizilbash
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Afridi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Peshock
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Grayburn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013318:Stroke Volume; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D010420:Pentanes
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005466:Fluorocarbons; C008806:perfluoropentane; D010420:Pentanes