Lymphocyte activation: the coming of the protein tyrosine phosphatases.
The molecular mechanisms of signal transduction have been at the focus of intense scientific research world-wide. As a result, our understanding of protein tyrosine kinase-mediated signaling has advanced at an unprecedented pace during the past decade. In contrast, the study of protein tyrosine phosphatases is in its infancy, but is currently gathering momentum and is predicted to become a "hot topic" in the field within the next few years. This review summarizes the current state-of-the art in our understanding of the structure, regulation and role of protein tyrosine phosphatases in lymphocyte activation.
Mustelin
T
T
Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 10355 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA. tomas_mustelin@liai.org
Brockdorff
J
J
Gjörloff-Wingren
A
A
Tailor
P
P
Han
S
S
Wang
X
X
Saxena
M
M
D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology*; D054592:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11; D054594:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 12; D054578:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 2; D053824:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013379:Substrate Specificity
D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens; C516724:PTPN11 protein, human; C516738:PTPN12 protein, human; C516649:PTPN2 protein, human; C509249:PTPN6 protein, human; D054592:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11; D054594:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 12; D054578:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 2; D053824:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases