Anterior-posterior patterning within the Caenorhabditis elegans endoderm.
The endoderm of higher organisms is extensively patterned along the anterior/posterior axis. Although the endoderm (gut or E lineage) of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans appears to be a simple uniform tube, cells in the anterior gut show several molecular and anatomical differences from cells in the posterior gut. In particular, the gut esterase ges-1 gene, which is normally expressed in all cells of the endoderm, is expressed only in the anterior-most gut cells when certain sequences in the ges-1 promoter are deleted. Using such a deleted ges-1 transgene as a biochemical marker of differentiation, we have investigated the basis of anterior-posterior gut patterning in C. elegans. Although homeotic genes are involved in endoderm patterning in other organisms, we show that anterior gut markers are expressed normally in C. elegans embryos lacking genes of the homeotic cluster. Although signalling from the mesoderm is involved in endoderm patterning in other organisms, we show that ablation of all non-gut blastomeres from the C. elegans embryo does not affect anterior gut marker expression; furthermore, ectopic guts produced by genetic transformation express anterior gut markers generally in the expected location and in the expected number of cells. We conclude that anterior gut fate requires no specific cell-cell contact but rather is produced autonomously within the E lineage. Cytochalasin D blocking experiments fully support this conclusion. Finally, the HMG protein POP-1, a downstream component of the Wnt signalling pathway, has recently been shown to be important in many anterior/posterior fate decisions during C. elegans embryogenesis (Lin, R., Hill, R. J. and Priess, J. R. (1998) Cell 92, 229-239). When RNA-mediated interference is used to eliminate pop-1 function from the embryo, gut is still produced but anterior gut marker expression is abolished. We suggest that the C. elegans endoderm is patterned by elements of the Wnt/pop-1 signalling pathway acting autonomously within the E lineage.
Schroeder
D F
DF
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, CANADA T2N 4N1.
McGhee
J D
JD
D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D019521:Body Patterning / Q000502:physiology*; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000196:embryology* / Q000235:genetics; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D015638:Cytochalasin D / Q000494:pharmacology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D004707:Endoderm / Q000378:metabolism*; D017353:Gene Deletion; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000235:genetics; D005801:Genes, Homeobox; D015801:Helminth Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D007422:Intestines / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development*; D007834:Lasers; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D019076:Transgenes / Q000235:genetics
D015415:Biomarkers; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D015801:Helminth Proteins; D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C100950:pie-1 protein, C elegans; C096787:pop-1 protein, C elegans; D015638:Cytochalasin D; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; C095990:ges-1 protein, C elegans