title: Normal values for ambulatory blood pressure and differences between casual blood pressure and ambulatory blood pressure: results from a Danish population survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine normal values for 24 h ambulatory blood pressure in a Danish population and to study the relationship to casual blood pressure.
  
  
  METHODS
  A random sample of 2656 Danish men and women participated in a population survey. The participants were selected in age groups and were aged 41-42, 51-52, 61-62 or 71-72 years during the survey. METHODS; Casual blood pressure (standard mercury sphygmomanometer) and 24 h ambulatory blood pressure (Takeda TM-2421) were measured successfully in 2082 subjects. All subjects under antihypertensive treatment (247) were excluded, restricting the study population to 1835 participants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Casual and 24 h ambulatory blood pressure were correlated (P < 0.0001) in all age and sex groups. Casual systolic/diastolic blood pressures were 129.6+/-17.8/82.6+/-10.3 for men and 125.1+/-18.2/79.7+/-9.9 mmHg for women. Twenty-four-hour average blood pressures were 130.8+/-14.2/75.3+/-8.6 for men and 122.4+/-14.9/69.6+/-8.3 mmHg for women. A multivariate linear logistic regression model confirmed that a high casual blood pressure (odds ratios 11/7 for systolic/diastolic blood pressure; P=0.001) was the major determinant of a lower ambulatory than casual blood pressure; age and sex were less important.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The relationship between casual blood pressure on the one hand and the difference in casual and 24 h ambulatory blood pressure on the other hand suggests that ambulatory blood pressure represents a regression towards the mean compared to casual blood pressure. Any definition of an upper normal level of 24 h ambulatory blood pressure that is derived from a correlation between casual and ambulatory measurements will be inaccurate, and must await long-term studies of the relationship between ambulatory blood pressure and subsequent cardiovascular events.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Preventive Medicine, Medical Department C, Glostrup University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. sr@heart.dk
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Torp-Pedersen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Borch-Johnsen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ibsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003718:Denmark; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011379:Prognosis; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies