title: Macrophage pacification reduces rodent pancreatitis-induced hepatocellular injury through down-regulation of hepatic tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1beta.
abstract: Overproduction of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and nitric oxide (NO) is believed to be detrimental during the progression of acute pancreatitis, yet little is known about the hepatic production of these mediators and their role in mediating pancreatitis-induced hepatic dysfunction. Rats were randomized to receive a single intraperitoneal injection of the macrophage-pacifying compound, CNI-1493 (1.0 mg/kg), or vehicle 1 hour before the induction of retrograde bile salt pancreatitis. Sham-operated animals served as controls. Animals were killed 18 hours later, with serum and livers harvested to determine the degree of hepatocellular injury and the induction of TNF-, IL-1beta, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). In addition, serum TNF- and nitrites (end-product of NO breakdown) were determined in each group to assess the mechanism of action of CNI-1493. TNF-, IL-1beta, and iNOS gene expression (by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction) as well as aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) (but not alkaline phosphatase [ALP]) increased following the development of pancreatitis (all P < .05). Macrophage pacification significantly prevented the induction of TNF- and IL-1beta mRNA (but not iNOS), resulting in lessened serum AST, ALT, and LDH (all P < .05). Serum TNF- protein and nitrites correlated with gene induction in that both were increased following the onset of pancreatitis, and TNF- protein production was significantly attenuated in animals receiving CNI-1493. Hepatocellular, but not bile duct, injury occurs during experimental pancreatitis that is associated with hepatic TNF-, IL-1beta, and iNOS mRNA gene induction, as well as TNF- protein and nitrite production. Preventing the production of TNF- and IL-1beta by macrophage pacification attenuates the hepatocellular damage, suggesting that these mediators play a role in pancreatitis-induced hepatic injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and the Pancreas Study Group, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Denham
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Tracey
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Norman
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006835:Hydrazones / Q000494:pharmacology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000235:genetics; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D009573:Nitrites / Q000097:blood; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000150:complications*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000813:Anilides; D006146:Guanidines
chemical_list: D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D006835:Hydrazones; D007375:Interleukin-1; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D009573:Nitrites; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C097256:semapimod; D000813:Anilides; D006146:Guanidines; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat