title: A comparison of laser therapy, plastic stents, and expandable metal stents for palliation of malignant dysphagia in patients without a fistula.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many options are available for palliation of inoperable malignant stenoses of the esophagus. We report our experience with different modalities of endoscopic therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1986 to 1996, we treated 125 patients with dysphagia caused by unresectable malignant tumors with endoscopic therapy. Seventy patients were treated with laser therapy, 34 with a plastic endoprosthesis, and 21 with an expandable prosthesis. Therapeutic outcome and complication rates were analyzed for the three groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean dysphagia score decreased in the same manner in all three groups. Major and minor complications were significantly more common in the plastic endoprosthesis group and in the metallic stent group compared with the laser therapy group. Therapy and patient survival were not significantly different among the three groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plastic and metal stents carry a high complication rate for a short period of palliation. Endoscopic laser therapy, in contrast, has a low complication rate. Laser therapy should be the first choice for palliation in malignant dysphagia in patients with a short life expectancy. Stents might be used when laser therapy fails, in the presence of fistulas, or in patients with a reasonable life expectancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gevers
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Macken
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hiele
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rutgeerts
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D004937:Esophageal Fistula; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D004940:Esophageal Stenosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D017075:Laser Coagulation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects; D013997:Time Factors