Resolution improvements in in vivo 1H NMR spectra with increased magnetic field strength.
The measurement of cerebral metabolites using highly homologous localization techniques and similar shimming methods was performed in the human brain at 1.5 and 4 T as well as in the dog and rat brain at 9.4 T. In rat brain, improved resolution was achieved by shimming all first- and second-order shim coils using a fully adiabatic FASTMAP sequence. The spectra showed a clear improvement in spectral resolution for all metabolite resonances with increased field strength. Changes in cerebral glutamine content were clearly observed at 4 T compared to 1.5 T in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. At 9.4 T, glutamine H4 at 2.46 ppm was fully resolved from glutamate H4 at 2.37 ppm, as was the potential resonance from gamma-amino-butyric acid at 2.30 ppm and N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate at 2.05 ppm. Singlet linewidths were found to be as low as 6 Hz (0.015 ppm) at 9.4 T, indicating a substantial decrease in ppm linewidth with field strength. Furthermore, the methylene peak of creatine was partially resolved from phosphocreatine, indicating a close to 1:1 relationship in gray matter. We conclude that increasing the magnetic field strength increases spectral resolution also for 1H NMR, which can lead to more than linear sensitivity gains.
Gruetter
R
R
Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55112, USA.
Weisdorf
S A
SA
Rajanayagan
V
V
Terpstra
M
M
Merkle
H
H
Truwit
C L
CL
Garwood
M
M
Nyberg
S L
SL
Uğurbil
K
K
D000328:Adult; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D004285:Dogs; D006501:Hepatic Encephalopathy / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007294:Inositol / Q000032:analysis; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D011522:Protons; D051381:Rats; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013237:Stereoisomerism
D000596:Amino Acids; D011522:Protons; C009217:scyllitol; D019344:Lactic Acid; D007294:Inositol