title: Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial of thrombolytic therapy with intravenous alteplase in acute ischaemic stroke (ECASS II). Second European-Australasian Acute Stroke Study Investigators.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke has been investigated in several clinical trials, with variable results. We have assessed the safety and efficacy of intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase (0.9 mg/kg bodyweight) within 6 h of stroke onset.
  
  
  METHODS
  This non-angiographic, randomised, double-blind, trial enrolled 800 patients in Europe, Australia, and New Zealand. Computed tomography was used to exclude patients with signs of major infarction. Alteplase (n=409) and placebo (n=391) were randomly assigned with stratification for time since symptom onset (0-3 h or 3-6 h). The primary endpoint was the modified Rankin scale (mRS) at 90 days, dichotomised for favourable (score 0-1) and unfavourable (score 2-6) outcome. Analyses were by intention to treat.
  
  
  RESULTS
  165 (40.3%) alteplase-group patients and 143 (36.6%) placebo-group patients had favourable mRS outcomes (absolute difference 3.7%, p=0.277). In a posthoc analysis of mRS scores dichotomised for death or dependency, 222 (54.3%) alteplase-group and 180 (46.0%) placebo-group patients had favourable outcomes (score 0-2; absolute difference 8.3%, p=0.024). Treatment differences were similar whether patients were treated within 3 h or 3-6 h. 85 (10.6%) patients died, with no difference between treatment groups at day 90+/-14 days (43 alteplase, 42 placebo). Symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage occurred in 36 (8.8%) alteplase-group patients and 13 (3.4%) placebo-group patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results do not confirm a statistical benefit for alteplase. However, we believe the trend towards efficacy should be interpreted in the light of evidence from previous trials. Despite the increased risk of intracranial haemorrhage, thrombolysis with alteplase at a dose of 0.9 mg/kg in selected patients may lead to a clinically relevant improvement in outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Germany. wernervhacke@ukl.uni.heidelberg.de
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hacke
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaste
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fieschi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: von Kummer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Davalos
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Meier
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Larrue
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bluhmki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Donnan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Diez-Tejedor
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Trouillas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001315:Australia; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009520:New Zealand; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator