title: Identification of clustered microcalcifications on digitized mammograms using morphology and topography-based computer-aided detection schemes. A preliminary experiment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A mathematical morphology-based computer-aided detection (CAD) scheme for the identification of clustered microcalcifications was developed and tested. The potential for improving either sensitivity or specificity by combining the results with those previously reported was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The CAD scheme presented here is based on mathematical morphology and a series of simple rule-based criteria for the identification of clustered microcalcifications. A database of 105 digitized mammograms was used for training and rule setting of the scheme. A test set of 191 digitized mammograms was used to evaluate its performance. The same test set had been used to evaluate a multilayer, topography-based scheme. The results obtained by the two schemes were then combined using logical OR and AND operations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The morphology-based and topography-based CAD schemes performed at sensitivities of 82.9% and 89.5%, with false-positive detection rates of 1.3 and 0.4 per image, respectively. A logical OR operation resulted in 95.4% sensitivity. An AND operation achieved 76.2% sensitivity, with no false identifications on 93% of images.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By combining the results of the morphology-based and the topography-based schemes, either sensitivity or specificity can be improved.
authors.affiliation: Imaging Technology Division, Allegheny University of the Health Sciences, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212-4772, USA.
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Good
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gur
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008327:Mammography / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity