title: Effect of development of antibodies to HLA and cytomegalovirus mismatch on lung transplantation survival and development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A retrospective analysis was performed to examine the role of HLA antibodies and cytomegalovirus mismatch on the development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome and survival after lung transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 339 consecutive lung transplantations performed over a 102-month interval, 301 patients survived at least 3 months. There was a minimum follow-up period of 13 months. Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome was defined as a decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 second less than 80% of posttransplantation baseline and/or histologic presence of obliterative bronchiolitis and was defined as occurring "early" if documented within 3 years of transplantation. Variables analyzed included preoperative donor and recipient cytomegalovirus status and the development of antibodies to human leukocyte antigens after transplantation. Microcytotoxicity was used to determine the presence of antibodies to human leukocyte antigens. Variables were subjected to Kaplan-Meier analysis to determine their impact on freedom from bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome and survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The development of antibodies to human leukocyte antigens after transplantation correlated significantly with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (P = .02). The development of antibodies to human leukocyte antigens did not affect survival (P = .33) unless they were detected within 2 years of transplantation (P = .04). There was greater frequency of early bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome in cytomegalovirus seronegative patients who received allografts from seropositive donors compared with all other combinations (P = .02). There was also a trend toward worse survival of cytomegalovirus seronegative patients who received allografts from seropositive donors (P = .13).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome is the result of an immune-mediated process in which HLA antibodies and cytomegalovirus may play a significant role.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sundaresan
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mohanakumar
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Trulock
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Phelan
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Patterson
mesh_terms: D000206:Actuarial Analysis; D000328:Adult; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D001989:Bronchiolitis Obliterans / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000276:immunology*; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007518:Isoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D006680:HLA Antigens; D007518:Isoantibodies