title: Crosstalk between the interleukin-6 (IL-6)-JAK-STAT and the glucocorticoid-nuclear receptor pathway: synergistic activation of IL-6 response element by IL-6 and glucocorticoid.
abstract: Cytokines and steroid hormones use different sets of signal transduction pathways, which seem to be unrelated. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) uses JAK tyrosine kinase and STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) transcription factor. Glucocorticoid binds glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which is a member of the steroid receptor superfamily. We have studied the crosstalk between the IL-6-JAK-STAT and glucocorticoid-nuclear receptor pathways. IL-6 and glucocorticoid synergistically activated the IL-6 response element on the rat alpha2-macroglobulin promoter (APRE)-driven luciferase gene. The exogenous expression of GR enhanced the synergism. The exogenous expression of dominant negative STAT3 completely abolished the IL-6 plus glucocorticoid-induced activation of the APRE-luciferase gene. Tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3 stimulated by IL-6 alone was not different from that by IL-6 plus glucocorticoid. The protein level of STAT3 was also not increased by glucocorticoid stimulation. The time course of STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation by IL-6 plus glucocorticoid was not different from that by IL-6 alone. The synergism was studied on the two other IL-6 response elements, the junB promoter (JRE-IL-6) and the interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) promoter (IRF-GAS) which could be activated by STAT3. The synergistic activation by glucocorticoid on the IL-6-activated JRE-IL-6 and the IRF-GAS-driven luciferase gene was not detected. Glucocorticoid did not change the mobility of IL-6-induced APRE-binding proteins in a gel shift assay. These results suggest that the synergism was through the GR and STAT3, and the coactivation pathway which was specific for APRE was the target of glucocorticoid.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Medical School, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kurachi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishio
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakatsuji
authors.forename: K i
authors.initials: Ki
authors.lastname: Morishige
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Murata
mesh_terms: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000378:metabolism; D004357:Drug Synergism; D015870:Gene Expression; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D050856:Interferon Regulatory Factor-1; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D053613:Janus Kinase 1; D008156:Luciferases / Q000235:genetics*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000235:genetics; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000378:metabolism; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005938:Glucocorticoids; C494257:IRF1 protein, human; D050856:Interferon Regulatory Factor-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494086:STAT3 protein, human; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014443:Tyrosine; D003907:Dexamethasone; D008156:Luciferases; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C507904:JAK1 protein, human; C507906:Jak1 protein, rat; D053613:Janus Kinase 1