title: Carbon dioxide angiography of the transplanted kidney: technical considerations and imaging findings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the usefulness of carbon dioxide as the primary contrast material for renal transplant arteriography.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Carbon dioxide accurately showed artery pathology including anastomotic and intrarenal stenoses, arteriovenous shunting, and diffuse arterial disease from chronic transplant rejection. Using carbon dioxide as a contrast agent reduced the volume of iodinated contrast material that needed to be used. There was no procedure-associated nephrotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis 46202-5253, USA.
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Moresco
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Namyslowski
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: S O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Trerotola
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000792:Angiography / Q000379:methods; D001164:Arteriovenous Fistula / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012078:Renal Artery Obstruction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D002245:Carbon Dioxide