title: The effect of auditory feedback on the control of oral-nasal balance by pediatric cochlear implant users.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the control of oral-nasal balance by pediatric cochlear implant (CI) users, with and without auditory feedback.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five CI users read lists of sentences in two conditions: with their devices on and with their devices off. Their oral-nasal balance (ratio of energy radiated from the oral and nasal cavities) was measured in both conditions and compared with values obtained from children with normal hearing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CI users showed different patterns of abnormal oral-nasal balance with their devices off, but they generally achieved values that were closer to normal when their devices were on.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that children with CIs use the auditory signal provided by their device to improve their control of nasalization. It is also possible that at least part of the changes in oral-nasal balance were driven by changes in related articulatory parameters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202-5200, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Svirsky
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Osberger
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D019929:Cochlear Implantation / Q000379:methods*; D003638:Deafness / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D013064:Speech Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013068:Speech Production Measurement / Q000379:methods