title: Reversible growth failure among Hispanic children: instances of psychosocial short stature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Psychosocial short stature (PSS), is the only known variant of reversible growth hormone deficiency (GHD)-like state. Herein we present three cases of Puerto Rican children with PSS, which will aid the uninitiated to the entity and assist in making the appropriate diagnosis. All of them demonstrated catch up growth and reversible GHD state as determined by increased insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) production and growth hormone secretion after pharmacologic stimulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three boys ages 4.5 to 15.5 years were evaluated because of poor growth at the University Pediatric Hospital in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Medical evaluation excluded organic causes for growth failure. Psychosocial evaluation revealed the presence of repeated instances of psychological abuse by caretakers and the subjects demonstrated patterns of bizarre behavior. These findings prompted evaluation toward the possibility of PSS. The three children were removed from their caretakers' homes and placed in foster nurturing environments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Once relocated, the three children were able to demonstrate marked weight gain, growth acceleration, and improved social behavior. These changes were accompanied by biochemical evidence of GH-axis recovery as determined by the augmented insulin-like growth factor 1 levels and GH secretion. They have continued thriving at their foster homes. These results were felt to be compatible with PSS Type 2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that infants and children with growth failure without apparent organic cause, should be suspected of having PSS. Early relocation is critical for a successful outcome.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Endocrinology Service, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nieves-Rivera
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: González de Pijem
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mirabal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001827:Body Height; D001835:Body Weight; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005183:Failure to Thrive / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D006128:Growth; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D011610:Psychosocial Deprivation; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D013006:Growth Hormone