title: Adaptation of Comamonas testosteroni TA441 to utilize phenol: organization and regulation of the genes involved in phenol degradation.
abstract: Comamonas testosteroni TA441 was not able to grow on phenol as a sole carbon and energy source, but it gained the ability to utilize phenol after a 2-3-week incubation in a medium containing phenol. Phenol hydroxylase (PH) and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (C230) were highly induced by phenol in the adapted strain designated as strain P1, suggesting that phenol was degraded via the meta-pathway. Gene clusters for phenol degradation were isolated from both strains TA441 and P1. The structural genes encoding multi-component PH and C230 (aphKLMNOPQB), and a regulatory gene of the NtrC family (aphR), were located in a divergent transcriptional organization. The cloned aphKLMNOPQB genes from either strain TA441 or strain P1 produced active PH and C230 enzymes in strain TA441. No difference was found between the strains in the sequences of aphR and the intergenic promoter region of aphK and aphR. However, the transcriptional activities of the aphK and aphR promoters were higher in strain P1 than in strain TA441. The aphK-promoter activity was not observed in aphR mutant strains and these strains could not grow on phenol. The aphR mutant of strain P1 was able to grow on phenol after transformation with a recombinant aphR gene but strain TA441 was not, suggesting that the expression of the aph genes is silenced by an unidentified repressor in strain TA441 and that this repressor is modified in strain P1.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RI KEN)Wa ko, Saitama 351-0198Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RI KEN)Wa ko, Saitama 351-0198Japan.
authors.forename: Saiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akahira
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RI KEN)Wa ko, Saitama 351-0198Japan.
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohishi
authors.affiliation: Research Development Corporation of JapanWako, Saitama 351-0198Japan.
authors.forename: Michihisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.affiliation: Research Development Corporation of JapanWako, Saitama 351-0198Japan.|Laboratory of Microbiology, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RI KEN)Wa ko, Saitama 351-0198Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kudo
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D050557:Catechol 2,3-Dioxygenase; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D049308:Dioxygenases; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D005809:Genes, Regulator; D016946:Gram-Negative Aerobic Rods and Cocci / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016366:Open Reading Frames / Q000235:genetics; D010105:Oxygenases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D019800:Phenol / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014169:Transformation, Bacterial
chemical_list: D012097:Repressor Proteins; D019800:Phenol; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; D010105:Oxygenases; D049308:Dioxygenases; D050557:Catechol 2,3-Dioxygenase; C022336:phenol 2-monooxygenase