title: Objective assessment of photoreceptor displacement and metamorphopsia: a study of macular holes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We have developed a binocular perimetry technique for the quantitative assessment of retinal photoreceptor displacement and metamorphopsia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the direction and amplitude of retinal photoreceptor displacement in eyes with idiopathic macular holes using our binocular perimetry technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five healthy control subjects and 10 patients with unilateral stage 3 to 4 macular holes in one eye and a healthy fellow eye.
  
  
  METHODS
  Kinetic perimetry using red and green filter glasses, black binocular fixation targets, red and green selective monocular stimuli (Goldmann III-4-e), and fundus image superimposition of perimetry data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found no discrepancy between the 2 visual fields in any healthy subjects. In patients with a unilateral macular hole, the central scotoma invariably extended beyond the rim of the hole. In 8 patients, each point on the rim of the scotoma had a perceptually corresponding location in the visual field of the fellow eye that was closer to the center of the visual field. In the 2 patients with the longest duration of symptoms (>2 years), no such discrepancy was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Differential perimetry enables the objective study of retinal photoreceptor displacement and metamorphopsia. We found objective evidence for radial centrifugal photoreceptor displacement in most patients with idiopathic macular holes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark.
authors.forename: O M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Larsen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005556:Form Perception; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010468:Perceptual Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010781:Photography; D010786:Photoreceptor Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D012167:Retinal Perforations / Q000150:complications*; D015348:Vision, Binocular; D014792:Visual Acuity; D058609:Visual Field Tests / Q000379:methods*; D014794:Visual Fields