title: Aerobic bacterial flora of semen and stallion reproductive tract and its relation to fertility under field conditions.
abstract: This study was initiated in order to investigate the bacterial flora of the stallion genital tract by taking consecutive samples from normal stallions in regular use. The objective was to determine whether any growth of potential pathogens, particularly P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae, in fresh semen and urethra was associated with the presence of inflammatory cells in the semen and whether bacterial growth had any effect on sperm morphology and pregnancy results. Sixteen stallions, only used for A.I., housed at 3 different commercial stud farms, were used. A wide variety of microorganisms was found in almost all samples from fresh semen (total 115 samples). P. aeruginosa was isolated from 46/115 (40%) of the samples and from 12 of the 16 stallions. K. pneumoniae was isolated from the semen of one stallion. Samples taken from the distal urethra after ejaculation contained fewer microorganisms than samples from fresh semen. No bacteria were found in 51% of the extended semen samples. Most of the stallions had an acceptable sperm morphology, and very few of the ejaculates contained inflammatory cells. Pregnancy results among the stallions varied, but were acceptable for most of them. There was no correlation between the frequency of samples testing positive for P. aeruginosa in raw semen and pregnancy results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Malmgren
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Olsson Engvall
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Engvall
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Albihn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility; D006736:Horses; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012661:Semen / Q000382:microbiology*; D014521:Urethra / Q000382:microbiology*