title: An evolutionary conserved group of plant GSK-3/shaggy-like protein kinase genes preferentially expressed in developing pollen.
abstract: Genes and cDNAs encoding plant protein kinases highly homologous to the animal GSK-3/shaggy subfamily were isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica napus, Petunia hybrida and Nicotiana tabacum using the P. hybrida PSK6 GSK-3/shaggy related cDNA as a probe. All the derived protein sequences contained the characteristic catalytic domain of GSK-3/shaggy protein kinases. Sequence comparisons within the catalytic domain with other plant GSK-3/shaggy like kinases clearly indicate that the novel sequences form an isolated group of genes termed the PSK6 group. All the proteins within this group possess an amino-terminal extension which contains short amino acid motifs highly conserved between species and possibly implicated in mitochondrial targeting. Northern hybridisation experiments and reverse transcriptase PCR analysis demonstrated that these novel cDNAs are predominantly expressed in developing pollen. The three genes isolated from P. hybrida and A. thaliana show the same genomic organisation into 12 introns and 13 exons. Although the size of the introns varies, their positions are conserved between genes and species. The comparison of these gene structures and the analysis of deduced protein sequences belonging to different plants hold important information to understand the function of individual members. They suggest that some of the characterised sequences represent most likely true orthologues whereas others must be paralogues. They also allow us to discuss the evolution of the plant GSK-3/shaggy like gene family with regard to plant speciation.
authors.affiliation: Institut de Biotechnologie des Plantes, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Bâtiment 630, Université de Paris-Sud CNRS/ERS 569, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tichtinsky
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tavares
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takvorian
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schwebel-Dugué
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Twell
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kreis
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D001937:Brassica / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D010802:Phylogeny; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D010944:Plants / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics*; D010947:Plants, Toxic; D011058:Pollen / Q000201:enzymology*; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D011494:Protein Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C080335:Sgg protein, Drosophila; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3