title: Local vaginal anesthesia during high-dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy for cervical cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the clinical efficacy of local vaginal lidocaine application for pain relief during high-dose-rate (HDR) intracavitary brachytherapy for patients with cervical cancer, and to investigate sequential changes in serum levels of lidocaine during the procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective study was designed to examine the analgesic effect, physical response, and side effects of local anesthesia during HDR intracavitary brachytherapy. Forty patients were enrolled. All patients received 10-15 MV X-rays to the pelvis with a total dose of 45-59.4 Gy 5-6 weeks before undergoing HDR intracavitary brachytherapy. All patients underwent first intracavitary brachytherapy under general anesthesia. These patients were randomly allocated to receive one of two different treatment protocols as follows: (1) treatment session - control session - treatment session - control session; or (2) control session - treatment session- control session - treatment session. In the treatment sessions, topical anesthesia was administered using 4 ml of 10% lidocaine solution sprayed liberally on the cervix and vagina during intracavitary brachytherapy. In the control sessions, a placebo was administered in the same manner during brachytherapy. The Hensche's applicators for brachytherapy were inserted into the cervix and vagina 5 min after lidocaine application. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to assess pain and discomfort during brachytherapy. Blood pressure and heart rates were measured to evaluate the physiological response. Another prospective study was then performed to investigate the sequential changes of serum lidocaine levels during the anesthetic procedure. Eleven additional patients with similar disease state and demographic characteristics were enrolled and blood samples were obtained before, and 5, 15, 30, and 45 min after the initiation of lidocaine application.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean VAS values recorded during the treatment sessions and control sessions were 49.9 +/- 24.1 versus 60.1 +/- 24.8, respectively. The value of VAS in the treatment session was significantly lower than that of the control session (p < 0.001). No statistically significant differences were found in the changes of blood pressure and heart rate and in the incidence of side effects during these two types of sessions (p > 0.05). In the drug-level study, serum levels of lidocaine reached a peak 5 min after the initiation of local anesthesia. The mean peak concentrations (Cmax) of lidocaine were 0.50 +/- 0.45 microg/ml.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Local vaginal anesthesia with 10% lidocaine solution can significantly decrease the degree of painful sensation during HDR intracavitary brachytherapy, and is safe to administer for the procedure for cervical cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Kaohsiung, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China. jeni8507@ksts.seed.net.tw
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: E Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000009:adverse effects; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000097:blood; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000532:radiotherapy*
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine