title: Regulation of peripheral vascular tone in patients with heart failure: contribution of angiotensin II.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine directly the contribution of angiotensin II to basal and sympathetically stimulated peripheral arteriolar tone in patients with heart failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Parallel group comparison.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine patients with New York Heart Association grade II-IV chronic heart failure, and age and sex matched controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forearm plethysmography, lower body negative pressure, local intra-arterial administration of losartan, angiotensin II, and noradrenaline, and estimation of plasma hormone concentrations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forearm blood flow responses, plasma hormone concentrations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline blood pressure, heart rate, and forearm blood flow did not differ between patients and controls. In comparison with the non-infused forearm, losartan did not affect basal forearm blood flow (95% confidence interval -5.5% to +7.3%) or sympathetically stimulated vasoconstriction in controls. However, the mean (SEM) blood flow in patients increased by 13(5)% and 26(7)% in response to 30 and 90 micrograms/min of losartan respectively (p < 0.001). Lower body negative pressure caused a reduction in forearm blood flow of 20(5)% in controls (p = 0.008) and 13(5)% (p = 0.08) in patients (p = 0.007, controls v patients). Blood flow at 90 micrograms/min of losartan correlated with plasma angiotensin II concentration (r = 0.77; p = 0.03). Responses to angiotensin II and noradrenaline did not differ between patients and controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Losartan causes acute local peripheral arteriolar vasodilation in patients with heart failure but not in healthy control subjects. Endogenous angiotensin II directly contributes to basal peripheral arteriolar tone in patients with heart failure but does not augment sympathetically stimulated peripheral vascular tone.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, UK. D.E.Newby@ed.ac.uk
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Newby
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Goodfield
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Flapan
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Boon
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Webb
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000098:blood supply*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007261:Infusions, Intra-Arterial; D019808:Losartan / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008150:Lower Body Negative Pressure; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010991:Plethysmography; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects*; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D019332:Endothelin-1; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D000804:Angiotensin II; D019808:Losartan; D009638:Norepinephrine