title: Patterns and correlates of cannabis dependence among long-term users in an Australian rural area.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine prevalence and correlates of cannabis dependence among long-term cannabis users.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey of patterns and experiences of cannabis use and dependence.
  
  
  METHODS
  A snowball sample of 243 long-term cannabis smokers, who were currently smoking 3-4 times a week, were recruited from the New South Wales North Coast, an area long associated with cannabis cultivation and use.
  
  
  METHODS
  A structured interview was administered, incorporating the following dependence measures: an approximation to a life-time DSM-III-R diagnosis, an approximation to a 12-month ICD-10 diagnosis, and the Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prevalence of a life-time DSM-III-R diagnosis of cannabis dependence was 57%, while 57% received an ICD-10 dependence diagnosis for the last year. Substantially fewer (15%) of the sample were diagnosed as dependent according to the Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS). Only 26% believed they had a problem with cannabis at least sometimes. There was general concordance between DSM-III-R and ICD-10 measures, but not between these and the SDS. ICD-10 and DSM-III-R dependence diagnoses were modestly correlated with age, life-time illicit drug use and quantity of cannabis use. Principal components analyses of the dependence measures provided little evidence for a unidimensional dependence syndrome for ICD-10 and DSM-III-R criteria. There was strong support for unidimensionality of the SDS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Symptoms of cannabis dependence were common among these long-term users but only one-quarter perceived that they had a cannabis problem. There was no strong evidence for a unidimensional cannabis dependence syndrome.
authors.affiliation: National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Swift
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Didcott
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Reilly
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D002189:Marijuana Abuse / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009517:New South Wales / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012423:Rural Health