title: Increased soft-tissue blood flow in patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy of the lower extremity revealed by power Doppler sonography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the ability of power Doppler sonography to show increased soft-tissue blood flow in patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy of the lower extremity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Power Doppler sonography was performed in 30 patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy of the lower extremity and in 26 asymptomatic control subjects. The bilateral power Doppler sonograms that were obtained of the soft tissues of the dorsum of the foot of each subject were grouped in pairs, and three sonologists who were unaware of clinical information independently reviewed the images. Images were evaluated for the amount of power Doppler signal shown on the following scale: 1 = no flow or minimal flow; 2 = mild flow; 3 = moderate flow; and 4 = marked flow.
  
  
  RESULTS
  More power Doppler flow was seen in the patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy than in the control subjects (p < .005). In addition, side-to-side asymmetry of flow was seen in patients, but this trend was not statistically significant (p < .20). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that combined flow and asymmetry were more related to reflex sympathetic dystrophy than either parameter alone (area under the ROC curve: for flow, 0.748; for asymmetry, 0.566; for both, 0.799). We found that when the sum of power Doppler flow in both feet was greater than or equal to five, and asymmetry of flow was greater than or equal to one, the sensitivity of power Doppler sonography for reflex sympathetic dystrophy was 73% and the specificity was 92%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy of the lower extremity have increased power Doppler flow compared with asymptomatic control subjects. Patients may also exhibit more side-to-side asymmetry of flow than control subjects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107-5244, USA.
authors.forename: L N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Nazarian
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Schweitzer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mandel
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Rawool
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: R I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Feld
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Needleman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot / Q000098:blood supply*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012372:ROC Curve; D012019:Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler