title: Expression of cytokine genes in Aotus monkeys immunized with synthetic and recombinant Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum antigens.
abstract: Cytokine responses in human host-protective immunity to malaria have yet to be completely elucidated. No data appear to exist on the cytokine patterns in non-human primate models immunized with malarial antigens. Expression of mRNA transcripts of 10 cytokines, the adhesion molecule ICAM-1 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from nine Aotus monkeys was analysed by reverse-transcriptase PCR. Five of the monkeys had been immunized with multiple-antigen peptides (MAP) of the Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite protein and two with constructs of the P. falciparum merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1). The other two monkeys served as non-immunized controls. PBMC were cultured for 24 h after stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin mitogen, MAP and MSP-1 antigens. Elevated expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, IL-12, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), TNF-beta and iNOS was seen in response to the MAP. Monkeys immunized with either P. falciparum MSP r190L or synthetic 190L peptides expressed predominantly the type-1 cytokines (IL-1 beta, IL-12, interferon-gamma, TNF-alpha, TNF-beta) characteristic of splenic, cell-mediated activity with macrophage activation and nitric oxide production.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Duque
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Montenegro-James
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arévalo-Herrera
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Praba
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Villinger
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Herrera
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: James
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D016645:Aotidae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics*; D015870:Gene Expression; D007114:Immunization; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000276:immunology*; D010966:Plasmodium vivax / Q000276:immunology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; D016207:Cytokines; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C041595:circumsporozoite protein, Protozoan