title: RET cooperates with RB/p53 inactivation in a somatic multi-step model for murine thyroid cancer.
abstract: Mice bred to carry germline Rb and p53 null alleles are associated with a tumor spectrum that overlaps with the inherited multiple endocrine neoplasia-1 (MEN1) and MEN2 syndromes in humans, including medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). To study the genetic basis for these tumors, we microdissected MTC specimens or obtained fresh MTC tissue from nine independent Rb(+/-) p53(+/-) mice, amplified the region of the Ret gene known to be mutated in human MTC, and detected acquired missense Ret mutations in four different mice. These mutations were localized to a group of tandem cysteines which are analogous to activating germline mutations observed in human MEN2A and familial MTC (FMTC). To determine whether the remaining wild type Rb allele was inactivated in these murine MTC samples, we subjected tumor tissue to immunohistochemical staining with an Rb antibody, and demonstrated the absence of RB staining in murine MTC, while normal tissue retained RB nuclear staining. These findings demonstrate the ability of the gene knockout model to recapitulate somatic multi-step tumorigenesis and suggest that the development of a murine neuroendocrine tumor requires mutational dysregulation within both receptor tyrosine kinase and nuclear tumor suppressor gene pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, National Cancer Institute and National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland 20889, USA.
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Coxon
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Geradts
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Otterson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zajac-Kaye
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Kaye
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051379:Mice; D018761:Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 / Q000235:genetics; D009154:Mutation; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D051096:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D051096:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C416649:Ret protein, Drosophila; C494999:Ret protein, mouse