title: Mammography screening among California Medicare beneficiaries: 1993-1994.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Over half of all breast cancer deaths occur among women 65 years of age or older. However, mammography screening decreases with increasing age, despite better survival rates for tumors detected early.
  
  
  METHODS
  Health Care Financing Administration data from 1993 and 1994, and 1990 United States Census data were used to assess the impact of race, age, Medicaid coverage, and community-level socioeconomic indices on mammography screening for over 800,000 California Medicare beneficiaries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women who were African American, older, or had Medicaid coverage were significantly less likely to have a biennial mammogram than their counterparts. Women living in areas with fewer college educated residents, with a higher proportion of Mexican or Asian residents had lower use of mammography. However, African-American and Caucasian women with Medicaid coverage had equally low mammography rates (AOR = 1.01, 95% CI .97-1.04), while African-American women with and without Medicaid had similarly low mammography rates (AOR = .96, 95% CI .92-1.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite dual coverage, Medicare beneficiaries enrolled in Medicaid had few mammograms. African-American Medicare beneficiaries, with and without Medicaid, had low mammography rates. Intervention efforts should be targeted toward these women.
authors.affiliation: CMRI (California Medical Review, Inc.), San Francisco 94105, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gebretsadik
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sabogal
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Lawson
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002140:California; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008327:Mammography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008484:Medicaid; D006278:Medicare; D014481:United States