title: Cephalhematoma and caput succedaneum: do they always occur in labor?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our purpose was to analyze our experience with cephalhematomas detected prenatally by ultrasonography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven cases of cephalhematomas were identified prenatally among 16,292 fetuses having comprehensive ultrasonographic examinations between 1993 and 1996. The course of pregnancy and the neonatal outcome were reviewed in each case.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cephalhematomas appeared as an echogenic bulge posterior to the occipital region (5 cases) or at the temporal region of the fetal head (2 cases).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cephalhematomas, which are believed to be a result of operative delivery, can also originate, in utero, antepartum. Premature rupture of membranes appears to be an associated factor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, North Shore University Hospital-New York University School of Medicine, Manhasset, USA.
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Petrikovsky
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Smith-Levitin
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gross
mesh_terms: D001720:Birth Injuries; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004487:Edema / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006406:Hematoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007744:Obstetric Labor Complications; D010521:Periosteum / Q000293:injuries; D011247:Pregnancy; D012535:Scalp; D012886:Skull / Q000293:injuries; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal