title: Testicular Sertoli cell tumor with a heterologous sarcomatous component: immunohistochemical assessment of Sertoli cell differentiation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Immunohistochemical staining is reported to be useful in distinguishing ovarian Sertoli-stromal cell tumors from carcinosarcomas. To assess Sertoli cell differentiation in a rare malignant biphasic testicular tumor, we compared the immunophenotypic profile of the tumor with that of Sertoli cell nodules and adenomas and mullerian carcinosarcomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemical staining was performed on 6 testes (4 with hyperplastic Sertoli cell nodules, 2 with Sertoli cell adenomas) and 7 carcinosarcomas (6 involving the uterus, 1 involving the uterus and ovary) using primary monoclonal antibodies AE1/AE3, CAM 5.2, CA 19.9, and antibodies directed against epithelial membrane antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen (monoclonal and polyclonal), S100, placental alkaline phosphatase, and inhibin. These staining results were compared with those of the index case.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All testes showed positive staining for inhibin and vimentin in the Sertoli cells of the nodules and adenomas. One Sertoli cell nodule showed focal staining with AE1/AE3 and CAM 5.2. Both adenomas showed focal positive staining for S100. All nodules and adenomas were negative for epithelial membrane antigen, monoclonal and polyclonal carcinoembryonic antigen, CA 19.9, and placental alkaline phosphatase. In contrast, the carcinomatous areas of the carcinosarcomas were all negative for inhibin but exhibited positive staining for AE1/AE3, CAM 5.2, and epithelial membrane antigen. The carcinosarcomas showed variable expression of vimentin, S100, carcinoembryonic antigen, CA 19.9, and placental alkaline phosphatase. The epithelial component of the tumor from the index case showed strong diffuse staining for inhibin and vimentin and only very faint focal staining with AE1/AE3 and CAM 5.2. The epithelial component was negative for epithelial membrane antigen, monoclonal and polyclonal carcinoembryonic antigen, S100, CA 19.9, and placental alkaline phosphatase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The immunohistochemical findings in the index case support the diagnosis of Sertoli cell tumor with a heterologous sarcomatous component over carcinosarcoma. Inhibin seems to be the best single marker for Sertoli cell differentiation. To our knowledge, only 1 other case of this rare testicular tumor has been reported in the literature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-9072, USA.
authors.forename: M Z
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Gilcrease
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Delgado
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Albores-Saavedra
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002296:Carcinosarcoma / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000175:diagnosis; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D008297:Male; D012707:Sertoli Cell Tumor / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000175:diagnosis; D012708:Sertoli Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000175:diagnosis