title: An observational study of protective equipment use among in-line skaters.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the patterns of protective equipment use by in-line skaters in Winnipeg, Manitoba and nearby rural communities.
  
  
  METHODS
  In-line skaters were observed for three months in 1996 at 190 urban and 30 rural sites selected using a formal sampling scheme. Age, gender, protective equipment use, skating companions, correct helmet use, and use of headphones were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Altogether 123 in-line skaters were observed at 61 sites, including one rural site. No skaters were observed at the remaining sites. There were 37 adults and 86 children; 56% were male. Helmet use was 12.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 6.4% to 18.0%), wrist guard use was 16.3% (95% CI = 9.7% to 22.8%), knee pad use was 9.8% (95% CI = 5.2% to 16.4%), and elbow pad use was 7.3% (95% CI = 3.4% to 13.4%). Children were more likely to wear a helmet than teens 12-19 years of age (relative risk (RR) = 30, 95% CI = 4.01 to 225). Adults were more likely to wear wrist guards than children (RR = 4.32, 95% CI = 1.87 to 9.94). No gender differences were found. Incorrect helmet use was documented in four skaters; three skaters were wearing headphones.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low rates of protective equipment use were documented in our region, significantly lower than those reported in the literature. Barriers to equipment use are not known, and should be examined by further study. In-line skating safety programs should be developed, promoted, and evaluated. Teens should be targeted for future preventive efforts.
authors.affiliation: University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada. lwarda@escape.ca
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Warda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harlos
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Klassen
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Moffatt
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Buchan
authors.forename: V L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Koop
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008350:Manitoba / Q000453:epidemiology; D011482:Protective Devices / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012861:Skating / Q000293:injuries*