title: Specialty differences in cardiovascular disease prevention practices.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to examine physician specialty differences in cardiovascular disease prevention practices.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Despite the importance of cardiovascular disease prevention, little is known about current national practices, particularly physician specialty differences.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a national survey of office visits, we evaluated differences in the propensity of physicians of different specialties to provide prevention services. We analyzed 30,929 adult visits to 1,521 physicians selected by stratified random sampling in the 1995 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. Standard and ordinal multiple logistic regression models were employed to estimate the independent effects of physician and patient characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A variety of cardiovascular disease prevention services were provided during an estimated 547 million adult office visits to US physicians in 1995, including blood pressure measurement (50% of visits), cholesterol testing (5%) and counseling for exercise (12%), weight (6%), cholesterol (4%) and smoking (3%). In addition, medication management was reflected by the report of antihypertensives in 12% of visits and lipid-lowering medications in 2%. Across these eight services, propensity to provide services varied consistently with specialty. Controlling for patient and visit characteristics and compared to general internists, the likelihood of providing services was higher for cardiologists (adjusted odds ratio 1.65, 95% confidence interval 1.44 to 1.89) but lower for obstetrician/gynecologists (0.75, 0.68 to 0.82), family physicians (0.69, 0.64 to 0.74), general practitioners (0.58, 0.53 to 0.63), other medical specialists (0.65, 0.59 to 0.72) and surgeons (0.06, 0.05 to 0.06).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cardiologists have the greatest propensity to provide cardiovascular disease prevention services, while primary care physicians vary substantially in their practices. These findings suggest a need to address variations in cardiovascular disease prevention.
authors.affiliation: General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114, USA. stafford@gem.mgh.harvard.edu
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Stafford
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Blumenthal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008511:Medicine / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D009819:Office Visits / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011315:Preventive Medicine / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011897:Random Allocation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013038:Specialization; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States