title: Peroxynitrite is a contractile agonist of cerebral artery smooth muscle cells.
abstract: On reperfusion of ischemic tissue, a prolonged phase of vasoconstriction occurs, the mechanism of which is poorly understood. However, it is known that peroxynitrite (ONOO-) is formed during reperfusion. In this study the contractile properties of ONOO- were investigated in Wistar rat middle cerebral arteries. The effects of ONOO- on vessel diameter were dose dependent. Low-dose ONOO- (10 microM) caused vessels to constrict by 15%. At an intermediate concentration of 25 microM, the effect of ONOO- was variable, whereas at the highest concentration (100 microM), vessels underwent persistent dilation and became insensitive to the endogenous vasoconstrictor 5-hydroxytryptamine. At the single cell level, ONOO- caused cerebral artery smooth muscle cells to contract. Reduced, but not oxidized, glutathione completely inhibited the contractile action of ONOO- on single cells. Vehicle and decomposed ONOO- each had minimal effect on cell length. These data show that ONOO- is a contractile agonist of middle cerebral arteries, at the single cell and whole vessel levels, suggesting that formation of ONOO- may contribute mechanistically to ischemic brain injury during stroke. Moreover, relatively high concentrations of ONOO- result in vascular paralysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Cardiovascular Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Lacey
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Chilian
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Brzezinska
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009566:Nitrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016877:Oxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D016877:Oxidants; C039642:peroxynitric acid