title: Intraocular pressure in rabbits by telemetry II: effects of animal handling and drugs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure under carefully controlled conditions the effects in the rabbit eye of commonly used therapeutic agents for glaucoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rabbits were outfitted in one eye with an implantable telemetric pressure transducer and monitored for several months under controlled conditions of light/ dark and handling. Effects of tonometry, handling, water drinking, and instillation of topical ophthalmic medications on intraocular pressure were recorded during each 24-hour day/night cycle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pneumatonometry, animal handling, and water drinking all had an effect on intraocular pressure that in many instances was of the same magnitude as the effects of pharmacologic agents. Dorzolamide and timolol caused a sustained reduction of intraocular pressure during the nocturnal period. Epinephrine had a biphasic effect, causing an immediate pressure elevation followed by a prolonged depression. Apraclonidine, latanoprost, and pilocarpine had no measurable effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Continuous telemetric measurement of intraocular pressure in rabbits permits the measurement of uncontrollable artifacts that occur with tonometric measurements and animal handling. If environmental conditions are rigidly controlled, this method is very sensitive for detecting therapeutic effects of candidates for ocular hypotensive drugs. When healthy animals are used, the method appears to be more sensitive for drugs that affect aqueous humor formation than for drugs that affect aqueous humor outflow resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dinslage
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McLaren
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brubaker
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003000:Clonidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D000077338:Latanoprost; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010862:Pilocarpine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011461:Prostaglandins F, Synthetic / Q000494:pharmacology; D011817:Rabbits; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D013686:Telemetry / Q000379:methods*; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D013999:Timolol / Q000494:pharmacology; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011461:Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013876:Thiophenes; D010862:Pilocarpine; D000077338:Latanoprost; D013999:Timolol; C016986:apraclonidine; C062765:dorzolamide; D003000:Clonidine; D004837:Epinephrine