title: Targeted intervention research studies on sexually transmitted diseases (STD): methodology, selected findings and implications for STD service delivery and communications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the findings of qualitative studies designed for use in improving sexually transmitted disease (STD) programs. The studies explore illness conceptions and treatment behaviors for STD in five African countries. These targeted intervention research (TIR) studies were performed on clinic-based and community-based samples in representative communities and utilized a variety of qualitative research methods (e.g. in-depth and key informant interviews, focus group discussions).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Study findings revealed that community members' explanations of symptoms, classification of illnesses, and perceptions of whether symptoms are pathological or serious influence individual health-care-seeking behaviors. Data also showed that local terms for STD are often disparaging and do not fit into biomedical designations. STD patient care-seeking frequently reflects an ordered, albeit loosely constructed, process of elimination in pursuit of symptom relief, wherein alternative treatments are tried and proven effective or abandoned.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The TIR studies highlight the importance of community-specific strategies aimed at increasing prompt care seeking at qualified biomedical facilities. Information from study data should lead programs to sensitize health professionals to community understanding about STD and to design services and communication programs that are meaningful and appropriate to local contexts.
authors.affiliation: Family Health International, Arlington, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Field
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Niang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: N'tcha
authors.forename: I T
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Zwane
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lurie
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nxumalo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dialmy
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Manhart
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gebre
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saidel
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dallabetta
mesh_terms: D003906:Developing Countries; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000145:classification / Q000628:therapy* / Q000635:transmission