title: Synthesis of creatol, a hydroxyl radical adduct of creatinine and its increase by puromycin aminonucleoside in isolated rat hepatocytes.
abstract: Creatol is a hydroxyl radical adduct of creatinine and the precursor of methylguanidine (MG), a uremic toxin. We investigate the synthesis of creatol and MG from creatinine and the effect of substances that affect the hydroxyl radical in isolated rat hepatocytes. In the presence of increasing concentrations of creatinine, rising level of creatol were found after 2 h incubation in Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer. However, further increase of creatol was not observed after 4 and 6h incubations. On the other hand, MG after 2 h incubation achieved a level of about 50% that of creatol and increased depending on both the creatinine concentration and the incubation period. DMSO, a hydroxyl radical scavenger decreased the generation of creatol and MG by about 50% at 2.5 mM and the inhibition depended on DMSO concentration. Puromycin amino-nucleoside (PAN) increased both by about 170%. These findings demonstrated that hepatocytes synthesize creatol prior to MG and are inhibited by a hydroxyl] radical scavenger. They also show that PAN increased hydroxyl radical generation in tissue cells.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. aoyagi-k@md.tsukuba.ac.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aoyagi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akiyama
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kuzure
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takemura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagase
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ienaga
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koyama
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Narita
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003404:Creatinine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D006147:Guanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D011692:Puromycin Aminonucleoside / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: C064402:creatol; C066771:8-methylguanine; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D011692:Puromycin Aminonucleoside; D006147:Guanine; D003404:Creatinine; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide