title: Reinforcing effects of a combination of ethanol and methadone relative to each drug alone.
abstract: Studies report a high incidence of alcohol abuse in methadone maintenance patients. There is, however, little data on the reinforcing effects of combinations of ethanol and methadone. In the present study, oral self-administration of a combination of 1% (w/v) ethanol and 0.2 mg/ml methadone was compared to each drug alone in three rhesus monkeys in which methadone alone was not a reinforcer. In Experiment 1, ethanol and the combination, but not methadone alone, served as reinforcers. In Experiment 2, there was no preference for ethanol or the combination at fixed ratio (FR) 8 or 16. When the FR size was doubled (FR 16 or 32), all three animals preferred the combination to 1% ethanol. Experiment 3 further examined the effect of work requirement on preference for ethanol or the combination by varying FR values [1, 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32]. At lower FRs, ethanol was significantly preferred to the combination. As FR was increased, there was a significant reduction in preference for ethanol over the combination. The results show that an ethanol + methadone combination will be orally self-administered by monkeys and suggest that work requirement differentially modifies preference for the combination and ethanol alone.
authors.affiliation: Substance Abuse Research Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 77030-3497, USA.
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Shelton
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Macenski
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Meisch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D008691:Methadone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009294:Narcotics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D012646:Self Administration; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D009294:Narcotics; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles; D014867:Water; D000431:Ethanol; D008691:Methadone