title: Abuse history and health risk behaviors in pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the relation between a history of physical abuse and consumption of cigarettes and alcohol during pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a case-control study, 83 women who delivered a low birthweight (<2500 g) infant (cases) and 92 women with a newborn with birthweight > or =2500 g (controls) were interviewed about a history of sexual abuse, physical abuse by a partner, and about health behaviors during pregnancy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, 46 (26%) had a history of abuse. Birth of a low birthweight infant was not associated with a history of abuse. At time of first prenatal visit 35% of the women were daily smokers, 50%) of the abused and 29%, of the nonabused were smokers. An abuse history was associated with daily smoking when controlled for educational level (OR 2.29, 95%, CI 1.08-4.85). Ninety (51%) of the women reported consumption of alcohol during pregnancy. Abuse was associated with alcohol consumption in pregnancy when controlled for educational level (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.22-5.39).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alcohol and tobacco use during pregnancy were associated with a history of abuse. Health care professionals should consider this potential correlation when use of tobacco and alcohol in pregnancy is brought up.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Grimstad
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Backe
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schei
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012907:Smoking; D013179:Spouse Abuse