title: Catastrophizing, anxiety and pain during dental hygiene treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the relations between catastrophizing, dental anxiety, and pain during dental hygiene treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 78 (32 men, 46 women) consecutive referrals to the Dalhousie University Dental Clinic. All patients were scheduled for a scaling procedure performed by senior dental hygiene students. Following treatment, patients completed the Pain Catastrophizing Scale and the Dental Anxiety Scale - Revised, and were asked to rate the degree of pain they experienced during the scaling procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Regression analyses revealed that age and the rumination subscale of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale were significant predictors of pain, even when controlling for gender, and oral hygiene status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that excessive focus on pain sensations may be one of the mechanisms by which catastrophizing leads to increased pain. The clinical challenges will be to develop cost- and time-effective means of identifying individuals who catastrophize and to implement interventions to reduce their level of distress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. sully@is.dal.ca
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Neish
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016854:Dental Anxiety / Q000523:psychology*; D012534:Dental Scaling / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000523:psychology*; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008347:Manifest Anxiety Scale; D008875:Middle Aged; D019954:Neurobehavioral Manifestations; D009911:Oral Hygiene Index; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012044:Regression Analysis