title: Loyalty conflicts in medical practice. A comparative study of general practitioners', paediatricians' and gynaecologists' assessments of three cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To shed light on attitudes towards loyalty conflicts among general practitioners (GPs) compared with related specialists such as gynaecologists and paediatricians.
  
  
  METHODS
  A postal questionnaire containing three case histories with arguments for and against different ways of acting in loyalty conflicts. The medical problems of the clinical cases varied, but the ethical ones were in principle similar.
  
  
  METHODS
  A random sample of all Swedish GPs, gynaecologists, and paediatricians.
  
  
  METHODS
  GPs (n = 313), paediatricians (n = 197), and gynaecologists (n = 236).
  
  
  RESULTS
  On average 71% of the doctors replied. The gynaecologists differed from the other groups by being markedly loyal to the individual patient especially in one case. The paediatricians tended to reply most consistently and they seemed to favour the family perspective, compared with the other doctors. The GPs' response pattern fell in between the other two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study indicates that ethical reasoning depends on the doctors' different medical background with regard to specialty. This study should be followed by others in order to give further explanation of the findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lynöe
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mattsson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003219:Confidentiality; D003220:Conflict, Psychological; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006176:Gynecology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D010344:Patient Advocacy; D010372:Pediatrics; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D010820:Physicians / Q000523:psychology*; D010821:Physicians, Family / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden