title: [Current practices in obstetrical analgesia in German university clinics. Results of a 1996 survey. Part 2].
abstract: Obviously there is a world-wide trend towards regional analgesia for pain relief during delivery. Data on the current practice in Germany are lacking.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 1996 questionnaires on obstetric anaesthesia and analgesia were mailed to all university departments of anaesthesia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 38 university hospitals with obstetric units replied (100%). Mean annual delivery rate was 1156. Epidural analgesia (EA) (n = 22), intramuscular injection of opioids (n = 18), and non-opioids as a suppository (n = 17) were often used for pain relief during labour. Intravenous injections (n = 12) or pudendus anaesthesia (n = 7) were practised as well. Entonox (N2O/O2), paracervical blocks or transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TENS) was rarely used. EA for relief of labour pain was offered in all university hospitals. Twelve of them had an epidural rate of less than 10%, in nine the rate was 10-19%, in eight hospitals 20-29% and 30% or more in nine. Indication for EA was a demand by the parturient (n = 34), by the obstetrician (n = 26) or the midwife (n = 18), predominantly because of prolonged labour (n = 32) or significant pain (n = 21). Half of the university departments used an epidural combination of local anaesthetics (bupivacaine) and opioids (sufentanil (n = 12) and/or fentanyl (n = 9)). In all but one department the application of an epidural catheter was performed by anaesthesiologists exclusively. In some hospitals obstetricians (n = 10) or midwives (n = 4) were allowed to give epidural top-up injections. Of the 38 university departments 11 had an anaesthesiologists on duty 24 h a day responsible for the obstetric unit exclusively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In 1977, 14 of 18 university departments of anaesthesiology offered epidural analgesia for parturients. This option was available in all university departments in 1996. A mean rate of 10-20% epidurals for vaginal delivery is well within the limits reported from other countries, whereas the rate of regional anaesthesia for scheduled caesarean section (40%) still is rather low in Germany, as reported in part 1 of this survey (Anaesthesist 1998;47:59-63).
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Operative Intensivmedizin, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wulf
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Stamer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural; D016362:Analgesia, Obstetrical; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007743:Labor, Obstetric; D009407:Nerve Block; D011247:Pregnancy; D004561:Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation