title: Genes encoding putative effector proteins of the type III secretion system of Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 are required for bacterial virulence and proliferation in macrophages.
abstract: The type III secretion system of Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (SPI-2) is required for systemic infection of this pathogen in mice. Cloning and sequencing of a central region of SPI-2 revealed the presence of genes encoding putative chaperones and effector proteins of the secretion system. The predicted products of the sseB, sseC and sseD genes display weak but significant similarity to amino acid sequences of EspA, EspD and EspB, which are secreted by the type III secretion system encoded by the locus of enterocyte effacement of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. The transcriptional activity of an sseA::luc fusion gene was shown to be dependent on ssrA, which is required for the expression of genes encoding components of the secretion system apparatus. Strains carrying nonpolar mutations in sseA, sseB or sseC were severely attenuated in virulence, strains carrying mutations in sseF or sseG were weakly attenuated, and a strain with a mutation in sseE had no detectable virulence defect. These phenotypes were reflected in the ability of mutant strains to grow within a variety of macrophage cell types: strains carrying mutations in sseA, sseB or sseC failed to accumulate, whereas the growth rates of strains carrying mutations in sseE, sseF or sseG were only modestly reduced. These data suggest that, in vivo, one of the functions of the SPI-2 secretion system is to enable intracellular bacterial proliferation.
authors.affiliation: Lehrstuhl für Bakteriologie, Max von Pettenkofer-Institut für Hygiene und Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hensel
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Shea
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Waterman
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mundy
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nikolaus
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Banks
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vazquez-Torres
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gleeson
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Holden
mesh_terms: D000123:Acetyltransferases; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D019677:Artificial Gene Fusion; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D001435:Bacteriophages / Q000235:genetics; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000382:microbiology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018832:Molecular Chaperones / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000382:microbiology*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014774:Virulence / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D000123:Acetyltransferases; C066576:Ssc protein, Salmonella