title: Ischemic preconditioning suppresses the noradrenaline turnover in the rat heart.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The mechanism by which ischemic preconditioning protects the heart is presumed to be related to the reduction of energy consumption during a subsequent myocardial infarction. Since the sympathetic nervous system enhances cardiac function and energy consumption, we investigated the relation between ischemic preconditioning and the turnover rate of noradrenaline (NA) in the rat heart.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effect of 3 cycles of 5-min occlusions of the rat left coronary artery on changes in arterial blood pressure and heart rate provoked by a subsequent 30 min of ischemia were examined until 60 min after reperfusion. The effect of 3 cycles of occlusions on the infarct size was also evaluated 60 min after reperfusion by comparing the infarcted area with the area at risk in these animals (6 per preconditioned and sham-operated group). The tissue concentration of NA during sustained ischemia was determined in the left ventricle, the intraventricular septum, and the right ventricle in the preconditioned and sham-operated groups. Changes in the turnover rate of NA after 3 cycles of occlusions were also evaluated by assessing the alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine-induced depletion of NA (n = 7 per group).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A series of transient occlusions reduced the infarct size 60 min after a sustained ischemia for 30 min. Arterial pressure and heart rate were not affected. The concentration of NA was decreased in the left ventricle 60 min after the onset of sustained ischemia in both the preconditioned and sham-operated groups. The treatment with alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine decreased the NA concentration in all regions of the heart in the sham-operated group after 60 min. However, the treatment with alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine did not deplete the NA concentration in both the occluded and nonoccluded regions in the preconditioned group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transient ischemia ameliorated the heart injury induced by a subsequent sustained ischemia, as assessed histologically. The activity of the sympathetic nervous system in all regions of the heart was reduced by transient ischemia in the left coronary vascular bed. These findings suggest that the inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system by the treatment of ischemic preconditioning takes part in the cardiac protection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Resuscitology, Ehime University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takasaki
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dote
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsubota
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yorozuya
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects; D019157:Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D019805:alpha-Methyltyrosine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D019805:alpha-Methyltyrosine; D009638:Norepinephrine