title: Long-term clinical and hemodynamic evaluation of porcine valved conduits implanted from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This retrospective study was initiated to evaluate the long-term results of valved prosthetic conduits implanted in the right ventricular outflow tract in patients with complex ventricular-pulmonary discontinuity.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of 103 patients out of 127 (24 early deaths, 19%) operated on between 1973 and 1996 with porcine valved conduits was available for evaluation, with a follow-up ranging from 1 to 21.6 years (mean follow-up 8.4 +/- 6 years). A total of 74 hemodynamic studies were performed after the operation, 50 patients having undergone at least 1 cardiac catheterization during the follow-up period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 16 late deaths, and the actuarial survivals, including early mortality, were 72.9% +/- 4% at 5 years, 63.1% +/- 5% at 10 years, and 58.2% +/- 5% at 15 years, at which time 20 patients were still available for review and exposed to the risk of dying. The mean peak systolic gradient across the right ventricular outflow tract was plotted as a function of time, showing a gradual increase and a significant step-up after the eighth year, from 43 +/- 36 to 69 +/- 19 mm Hg (P < .005). Reoperation was required for progressive conduit obstruction between 1.1 and 17.7 years after implantation (mean 7.4 +/- 4.8 years) in 25 patients (24%, 70% CL 15%-33%), with generally very few symptoms, or for residual ventricular septal defect in 3 patients. Freedom from reoperation was 79.5% +/- 5% at 10 years and 65.8% +/- 7% at 15 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Porcine conduits may represent a valuable alternative to biologic substitutes with similar long-term results. Given the few symptoms, progressive conduit stenosis after the eighth postoperative year imposes a yearly noninvasive patient evaluation during the follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hôpital Cardiologique Louis Pradel, and Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Champsaur
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Robin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Curtil
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tronc
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vedrinne
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sassolas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bozio
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ninet
mesh_terms: D000206:Actuarial Analysis; D000293:Adolescent; D001705:Bioprosthesis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014694:Ventricular Outflow Obstruction / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*