title: Periodontal conditions and salivary immunoglobulins in individuals with Down syndrome.
abstract: Periodontal conditions and salivary levels of immunoglobulins sIgA, IgM, and IgG subclass distribution and albumin, quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, were determined in 20 patients with Down syndrome and 19 healthy controls. Gingival inflammation was more extensive (P < 0.05) among Down syndrome subjects compared to controls as well as the occurrence of periodontal pockets (> 4 mm) (P < 0.05). The immunoglobulin levels of sIgA, IgM, the sum of IgG subclasses, and the concentration of albumin did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. However, the proportion of IgG1 expressed as percentage of the sum of total IgG was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in the Down syndrome group compared to controls. On the contrary, the proportion of IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4 subclasses in saliva did not differ between the 2 groups. The results indicate an altered distribution of IgG subclasses in saliva, with a higher proportion of IgG1 in Down syndrome individuals compared to controls.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden. Monica.Barr.Agholme@ofa.ki.se
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barr-Agholme
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dahllöf
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Modéer
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Engström
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Engström
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000418:Albumins / Q000032:analysis; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000209:etiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D003728:Dental Calculus / Q000209:etiology; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory / Q000032:analysis*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis* / Q000145:classification; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000209:etiology; D012463:Saliva / Q000276:immunology*; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides