title: The calcium sensitivity of individual secretory vesicles is invariant with the rate of calcium delivery.
abstract: Differences in the calcium sensitivity of individual secretory vesicles can explain a defining feature of calcium-regulated exocytosis, a graded response to calcium. The role of the time dependence of calcium delivery in defining the observed differences in the calcium sensitivity of sea urchin egg secretory vesicles in vitro was examined. The calcium sensitivity of individual secretory vesicles (i.e., the distribution of calcium thresholds) is invariant over a range of calcium delivery rates from faster than micromolar per millisecond to slower than micromolar per second. Any specific calcium concentration above threshold triggers subpopulations of vesicles to fuse, and the size of these subpopulations is independent of the time course required to reach that calcium concentration. All evidence supports the hypothesis that the magnitude of the free calcium is the single controlling variable that determines the fraction of vesicles that fuse, and that this fraction is established before the application of calcium. Submaximal responses to calcium cannot be attributed to alterations in the calcium sensitivity of individual secretory vesicles arising from the temporal properties of the calcium delivery. Models that attempt to explain the cessation of fusion using changes in the distribution of calcium thresholds arising from the rate of calcium delivery and/or adaptation are not applicable to this system, and thus cannot be general.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. psblank@helix.nih.gov
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Blank
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bhuva
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Malley
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zimmerberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000502:physiology*; D003594:Cytoplasmic Granules / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D005089:Exocytosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005306:Fertilization / Q000502:physiology*; D007700:Kinetics; D008561:Membrane Fusion / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010063:Ovum / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D012617:Sea Urchins
chemical_list: D002118:Calcium