title: Nickolay Ivanovich Pirogoff. Innovative scientist and clinician.
abstract: More than a century has passed since the publication of the major academic works of the great Russian surgeon Nickolay Ivanovich Pirogoff, yet some of the ideas and surgical problems that challenged him are still clinically important today. Pirogoff's creative activity embraced a number of areas in medicine and was not limited to any particular discipline. A sample listing of his works and achievements would demonstrate his rank as a scientist and a surgeon of great genius.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Rochester, Strong Memorial Hospital, New York, USA.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Voloshin
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Bernini
mesh_terms: D000715:Anatomy / Q000266:history*; D013502:General Surgery / Q000266:history*; D049672:History, 19th Century; D006801:Humans; D012426:Russia; D013122:Spinal Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D013131:Spine / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery