title: VO2 max is associated with ACE genotype in postmenopausal women.
abstract: Relationships have frequently been found between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) genotype and various pathological and physiological cardiovascular outcomes and functions. Thus we sought to determine whether ACE genotype affected maximal O2 consumption (VO2 max) and maximal exercise hemodynamics in postmenopausal women with different habitual physical activity levels. Age, body composition, and habitual physical activity levels did not differ among ACE genotype groups. However, ACE insertion/insertion (II) genotype carriers had a 6.3 ml . kg-1 . min-1 higher VO2 max (P < 0.05) than the ACE deletion/deletion (DD) genotype group after accounting for the effect of physical activity levels. The ACE II genotype group also had a 3.3 ml . kg-1 . min-1 higher VO2 max (P < 0.05) than the ACE insertion/deletion (ID) genotype group. The ACE ID group tended to have a higher VO2 max than the DD genotype group, but the difference was not significant. ACE genotype accounted for 12% of the variation in VO2 max among women after accounting for the effect of habitual physical activity levels. The entire difference in VO2 max among ACE genotype groups was the result of differences in maximal arteriovenous O2 difference (a-vDO2). ACE genotype accounted for 17% of the variation in maximal a-vDO2 in these women. Maximal cardiac output index did not differ whatsoever among ACE genotype groups. Thus it appears that ACE genotype accounts for a significant portion of the interindividual differences in VO2 max among these women. However, this difference is the result of genotype-dependent differences in maximal a-vDO2 and not of maximal stroke volume and maximal cardiac output.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA. jh103@umail.umd.edu
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hagberg
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Ferrell
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: McCole
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Wilund
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000235:genetics*; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013177:Sports / Q000502:physiology; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004247:DNA; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A