title: Treatment of acyclovir-resistant herpetic ulceration with topical foscarnet and antiviral sensitivity analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Herpes simplex virus (HSV) can produce persistent mucocutaneous disease in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In this case report, we evaluate the efficacy, safety and viral resistance after topical foscarnet in severe genital ulceration due to acyclovir-resistant HSV-2.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 45-year-old African woman was known for an HIV infection with severe immunosuppression (CD4 <100/mm3). She had received a long-term prophylaxis with acyclovir (400 mg b.i.d.) for a recurrent genital herpes. Few weeks after stopping this prophylaxis, she developed large genital ulcerations progressing despite valacyclovir treatment (1,000 mg t.i.d.). Cultures were positive for HSV-2, resistance to acyclovir was shown by the plaque reduction assay and topical foscarnet was tried. Treatment consisted of a 20-min application of topical foscarnet 2.4% twice a day. Dramatic improvement was observed with rapid antalgia, and cicatrization of the genital ulcerations was observed after 50 days. HSV could not be detected on the mucosal surface. Initially, HSV-2 was resistant to acyclovir but sensitive to foscarnet. After 1 month of topical treatment, HSV-2 became sensitive to acyclovir and was still sensitive to foscarnet. Finally, after 6 weeks of treatment, no virus could be detected by culture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Topical foscarnet (2.4%) is a convenient treatment for chronic genital herpes. Resistance to acyclovir disappears few weeks after stopping this drug and sensitivity to foscarnet persists during the 50 days of treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, DHURDV, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pechère
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wunderli
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Trellu-Toutous
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harms
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Saura
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Krischer
mesh_terms: D000212:Acyclovir / Q000494:pharmacology; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D005260:Female; D017245:Foscarnet / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005831:Genital Diseases, Female / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D006558:Herpes Genitalis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D012883:Skin Ulcer / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D017245:Foscarnet; D000212:Acyclovir