title: The Department of Veterans Affairs' NSQIP: the first national, validated, outcome-based, risk-adjusted, and peer-controlled program for the measurement and enhancement of the quality of surgical care. National VA Surgical Quality Improvement Program.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide reliable risk-adjusted morbidity and mortality rates after major surgery to the 123 Veterans Affairs Medical Centers (VAMCs) performing major surgery, and to use risk-adjusted outcomes in the monitoring and improvement of the quality of surgical care to all veterans.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Outcome-based comparative measures of the quality of surgical care among surgical services and surgical subspecialties have been elusive.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included prospective assessment of presurgical risk factors, process of care during surgery, and outcomes 30 days after surgery on veterans undergoing major surgery in 123 medical centers; development of multivariable risk-adjustment models; identification of high and low outlier facilities by observed-to-expected outcome ratios; and generation of annual reports of comparative outcomes to all surgical services in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The National VA Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) data base includes 417,944 major surgical procedures performed between October 1, 1991, and September 30, 1997. In FY97, 11 VAMCs were low outliers for risk-adjusted observed-to-expected mortality ratios; 13 VAMCs were high outliers for risk-adjusted observed-to-expected mortality ratios. Identification of high and low outliers by unadjusted mortality rates would have ascribed an outlier status incorrectly to 25 of 39 hospitals, an error rate of 64%. Since 1994, the 30-day mortality and morbidity rates for major surgery have fallen 9% and 30%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reliable, valid information on patient presurgical risk factors, process of care during surgery, and 30-day morbidity and mortality rates is available for all major surgical procedures in the 123 VAMCs performing surgery in the VHA. With this information, the VHA has established the first prospective outcome-based program for comparative assessment and enhancement of the quality of surgical care among multiple institutions for several surgical subspecialties. Key features to the success of the NSQIP are the support of the surgeons who practice in the VHA, consistent clinical definitions and data collection by dedicated nurses, a uniform nationwide informatics system, and the support of VHA administration and managerial staff.
authors.affiliation: Brockton/West Roxbury VA Medical Center, West Roxbury, MA 02132, USA.
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Khuri
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Daley
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hur
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Demakis
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Aust
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Fabri
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Gibbs
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grover
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hammermeister
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Irvin
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Passaro
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Scamman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Spencer
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Stremple
mesh_terms: D006787:Hospitals, Veterans / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D008485:Medical Audit; D016311:Outliers, DRG; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D020379:Risk Adjustment; D013503:Surgery Department, Hospital / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States; D014493:United States Department of Veterans Affairs; D014600:Utilization Review