title: A modified functional global test to measure protein C, protein S activities and the activated protein C-resistance phenotype.
abstract: Identifying a defect affecting the protein C/protein S (PC/PS) anticoagulant system, using a single global test, has recently become possible thanks to a new methodological approach based on the activation of endogenous plasma PC by Protac, derived from Agkistrodon Contortix snake venom (ACV). The introduction of a commercial test (ProC Global), ACV-based, provides a useful tool for the screening of thrombotic patients since the most frequent causes of inherited thrombophilia are found in the PC/PS system. The test provides information only on the global activity of the anticoagulant pathway but not on PC and PS activity or on the factor V related conditions (e.g., FV Leiden). The present study shows that by carrying out the test alternating the presence of PC-, PS-, or FV-deficient plasma and using appropriate amounts of ACV, it is possible to increase the specificity of the test to correctly evaluate respectively the PC or PS activities or the activated protein C resistance condition (APC-R). These simple modifications applied to the original commercial test allow to detect exactly, using a single, basic methodology, the principal defects affecting the PC/PS anticoagulant pathway. Furthermore, carrying out the tests on an automated coagulometer, in combination or not with the classic ProC Global assay, it is possible to use a unique reagent profile to simultaneously investigate in the same or different samples, the PC, PS, and APC-R defect.
authors.affiliation: Centre for the Study of Haemostasis and Thrombosis, University of Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gemmati
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Serino
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Scapoli
mesh_terms: D020016:Activated Protein C Resistance / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D001780:Blood Coagulation Tests / Q000379:methods*; D003435:Crotalid Venoms; D005165:Factor V / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010314:Partial Thromboplastin Time; D010641:Phenotype; D011486:Protein C / Q000378:metabolism*; D017293:Protein S / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C031442:Agkistrodon venoms; D003435:Crotalid Venoms; D011486:Protein C; D017293:Protein S; C095381:factor V Leiden; D005165:Factor V