title: Stroke risk factors and development of collateral flow in carotid occlusive disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Blood flow through collateral vessels compensates for reduced blood flow through stenotic or occluded extracranial carotid arteries. Previous studies have shown that extent of collateral flow influences likelihood of stroke and its outcome. Here we analyzed the relationship between stroke risk factors (hypertension, coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, tobacco smoking and hypercholesterolemia) and number of patent intracranial collaterals detected by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 182 patients with various degrees of angiography proven unilateral stenosis of the internal carotid artery. Contribution of the anterior and posterior communicating arteries to the perfusion of the cerebral hemisphere on the side of the stenosis or occlusion was evaluated by a series of compression tests performed during continuous insonation of the middle cerebral artery. The number of detected collateral vessels was correlated with analyzed stroke risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects with stenosis more than 75% or occlusion of the internal carotid artery had a higher frequency of two major intracranial collateral vessels (P< or =0.01 and P< or =0.001, respectively). Hypertensive patients with stenosis more than 75% or total carotid occlusion were more likely to have only a single collateral vessel than patients without hypertension (P< or =0.01 and P< or =0.05, respectively). Other risk factors did not influence the patency of preformed collateral vessels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypertension hindered the development of preformed intracranial collateral vessels in our patients with carotid occlusive disease.
authors.affiliation: First Neurological Clinic, University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Medical School of Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hedera
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bujdáková
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Traubner
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pancák
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply*; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003097:Collateral Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial