title: Experimental nephrolithiasis in rats: the effect of ethylene glycol and vitamin D3 on the induction of renal calcium oxalate crystals.
abstract: Using ethylene glycol (EG) and vitamin D3 as crystal-inducing diet (CID) in rats, we investigated the effect of the dosage of EG on the generation of chronic calcium oxalate (CaOx) nephrolithiasis. We collected weekly 24 hour urines and measured herein the amount of oxalate, calcium, glycosaminoglycans (GAG's), creatinine, protein, alkaline phosphatase (AP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT), and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG). The potential of these urines to inhibit crystal growth and agglomeration was also evaluated. After four weeks, the kidneys were screened by histology and radiography for the presence of CaOx crystals and the amount of kidney-associated oxalate was biochemically measured. Using 0.5 vol.% EG, only a part of the rats showed CaOx deposition in the renal cortex and/or medulla, without obvious differences between Wistar and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. If a dietary EG concentration of 0.75, 1.0, or 1.5 vol.% was used, the amount of kidney-associated oxalate was proportionally higher and CaOx crystal formation was consistently found in all rats. Most crystals were encountered in the cortex, whereas in the medulla and the papillary region, crystals were only occasionally detected. From these data, we conclude that in the chronic rat model, based on EG and vitamin D3, a consistent deposition of CaOx crystals is obtained using a EG concentration of at least 0.75%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Water
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Boevé
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: van Miert
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stijnen
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: de Bruijn
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Schröder
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000652:urine; D002129:Calcium Oxalate / Q000737:chemistry*; D002762:Cholecalciferol / Q000633:toxicity*; D003460:Crystallization; D019855:Ethylene Glycol / Q000633:toxicity*; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000652:urine; D007668:Kidney / Q000737:chemistry*; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D010070:Oxalates / Q000652:urine; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D010070:Oxalates; D002762:Cholecalciferol; D002129:Calcium Oxalate; D019855:Ethylene Glycol; D002118:Calcium