title: Primary immunosuppression with mycophenolate mofetil and antithymocyte globulin for kidney transplant recipients of a suboptimal graft.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In renal transplantation the beneficial immunosuppressive effects of cyclosporin (CsA) may be curtailed by its nephrotoxicity, specially in patients receiving a cadaveric allograft from suboptimal donors or at risk of delayed graft function. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and antithymocyte globulin (ATG) have each demonstrated to be potent immunosuppressants in renal transplantation. In a prospective analysis we have studied the results at 6 months of the combination of MMF, ATG and low-dose steroids in patients with low immunological risk receiving a first cadaveric renal allograft from a suboptimal donor or at risk of delayed graft function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with preformed reactive antibodies < 500% receiving a first graft from a suboptimal donor (age > or = 40 years, non-heart-beating, acute renal failure, arterial hypertension) or at risk of delayed graft function (cold ischaemia time > or = 24 h) were eligible for this open single-arm pilot trial. From September 1996 to March 1997 we recruited 17 patients. They were treated with MMF 2 g p.o. preoperatively, and after transplantation at 3 g/day; rabbit ATG i.v. at 2 mg/kg preoperatively, and 1.5 mg/kg/day the first day after transplantation, followed by four doses of 1 mg/kg on alternate days; prednisone was given at 0.25 mg/kg/day and reduced progressively to 0.1 mg/kg/day at 3 months. Primary outcomes were incidence of biopsy-proven acute rejection, delayed graft function, opportunistic infections, graft and patient survival, and the need for introduction of CsA treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  delayed graft function occurred in two cases (12%). Four of 17 patients (24%) had a biopsy-proven acute rejection (2 grade I and 2 grade II) within the first 3 months after transplantation. CsA was added in two cases with grade II biopsy-proven acute rejection, and in one with grade I biopsy-proven acute rejection. In one patient MMF was replaced by CsA because of gastrointestinal intolerance. Mean serum creatinine 6 months after transplantation was 159+/-59 micromol/1. Cytomegalovirus tissue invasive disease occurred in one patient (6%). At 6 months follow-up all patients are alive with functioning allografts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These preliminary results suggest that in low-immunological-risk patients who receive a suboptimal renal allograft or at risk of delayed graft function, the combination of MMF, ATG, and steroids is an efficient immunosuppressive regime that may avoid the use of CsA in 70% of the recipients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Hospital de Bellvitge, CSUB, University of Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Grinyó
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gil-Vernet
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Seron
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hueso
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fulladosa
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cruzado
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Moreso
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Torras
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Riera
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Castelao
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alsina
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000961:Antilymphocyte Serum / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015994:Incidence; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D000961:Antilymphocyte Serum; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid; D008775:Methylprednisolone