title: Gonadotrophin pulsatility in girls with the Turner syndrome: modulation by exogenous sex steroids.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The endocrine manifestation of puberty, nocturnal pulsatile secretion of gonadotrophins precedes the physical manifestations by 2 years. Whether gonadal steroids and inhibin have a role to play in the regulation of pulsatile gonadotrophin release is unclear. The agonadal model, girls with Turner's syndrome (TS), has been used to determine the role of the hypothalamic pulse generator in the ontogeny of gonadotrophin secretion in man. We evaluated the ontogeny of gonadotrophin secretion in TS girls with respect to amplitude and frequency and compared these results to those obtained in a group of normal girls. The effects of treatment with ethinyloestradiol (EE2) or oxandrolone (OX) on parameters of gonadotrophin secretion were also evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 32 girls with TS, aged 4.3-12.4 years. All were prepubertal at the start of the study and longterm follow up revealed that none entered spontaneous puberty. The pulse amplitude and frequency was evaluated and compared to the results obtained in 23 normal girls, aged 4.9-12.8 years who acted as controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples were taken at 20 minute intervals for 24 h for the measurement of serum concentrations of luteinising (LH) and follicle stimulating (FSH) hormones. The girls were than randomized to receive EE2 or OX and were then re-admitted 6 months into the course of the treatment for a repeat 24 h serum profile of LH and FSH levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The girls with TS showed a clearly defined dominant pulse periodicity of 180 min and that in the normal cohort was 160-220 min. The girls with TS had an increased oscillatory activity between 120 and 260 min compared to the normal. Mean 24 h serum gonadotrophin concentration in TS girls was always higher than in the normal cohort. The inflection points of the fitted polynomial regression equation relating sex hormone concentration with age was similar for the two groups. EE2 lead to a significant change in pulse periodicity in TS girls but OX had no significant effect on the pulse periodicity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate that girls with Turner syndrome have gonadotrophin pulse periodicity in the prepubertal years similar to those of normal girls. The oscillatory activity was much greater in girls with Turner syndrome at all ages in the prepubertal years, suggesting a role for the ovary in modulating gonadotrophin secretion in the prepubertal years. Our data confirm that in girls with Turner syndrome the normal pattern of gonadotrophin secretion evolving with time is preserved.
authors.affiliation: London Centre for Paediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Middlesex Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Nathwani
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Hindmarsh
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Massarano
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Brook
mesh_terms: D045930:Anabolic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D045166:Estradiol Congeners / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006065:Gonadotropins, Pituitary / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D010074:Oxandrolone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012636:Secretory Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D014424:Turner Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D045930:Anabolic Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D045166:Estradiol Congeners; D006065:Gonadotropins, Pituitary; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; D010074:Oxandrolone; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone