title: Synthetic, implantable polymers for local delivery of IUdR to experimental human malignant glioma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recently, polymeric controlled delivery of chemotherapy has been shown to improve survival of patients with malignant glioma. We evaluated whether we could similarly deliver halogenated pyrimidines to experimental intracranial human malignant glioma. To address this issue we studied the in vitro release from polymers and the in vivo drug delivery of IUdR to experimental human U251 glioblastoma xenografts.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro: To measure release, increasing (10%, 30%, 50%) proportions of IUdR in synthetic [(poly(bis(p-carboxyphenoxy)-propane) (PCPP):sebacic acid (SA) polymer discs were serially incubated in buffered saline and the supernatant fractions were assayed. In vivo: To compare local versus systemic delivery, mice bearing flank xenografts had intratumoral or contralateral flank IUdR polymer (50% loading) treatments. Mice bearing intracranial (i.c.) xenografts had i.c. versus flank IUdR polymer treatments. Four or 8 days after implantation of polymers, mice were sacrificed and the percentage tumor cells that were labeled with IUdR was measured using quantitative microscopic immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vitro: Increasing percentage loadings of IUdR resulted in higher percentages of release: 43.7 + 0.1, 70.0 + 0.2, and 90.2 + 0.2 (p < 0.001 ANOVA) for the 10%, 30%, and 50% loadings, respectively. In vivo: For the flank tumors, both the ipsilateral and contralateral IUdR polymers resulted in similarly high percentages labeling of the tumors versus time. For the ipsilateral IUdR polymers, the percentage of tumor cellular labeling after 4 days versus 8 days was 45.8 +/- 7.0 versus 40.6 +/- 3.9 (p = NS). For the contralateral polymer implants, the percentage of tumor cellular labeling were 43.9 +/- 10.1 versus 35.9 +/- 5.2 (p = NS) measured 4 days versus 8 days after implantation. For the i.c. tumors treated with extracranial IUdR polymers, the percentage of tumor cellular labeling was low: 13.9 +/- 8.8 and 11.2 +/- 5.7 measured 4 and 8 days after implantation. For the i.c. tumors having the i.c. IUdR polymers, however, the percentage labeling was comparatively much higher: 34.3 +/- 4.9 and 35.3 +/- 4.0 on days 4 and 8, respectively. For the i.c. tumors, examination of the percentage cellular labeling versus distance from the implanted IUdR polymer showed that labeling was highest closest to the polymer disc.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Synthetic, implantable biodegradable polymers provide the local, controlled release of IUdR and result in the high, local delivery of IUdR to experimental intracranial human malignant glioma. This technique holds promise for the local delivery of IUdR for radiosensitization of human brain tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. jw@hu.edu
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Dillehay
authors.forename: V R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Shastri
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Brem
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000963:Antimetabolites / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002455:Cell Division; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007065:Idoxuridine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D011108:Polymers; D013997:Time Factors; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000963:Antimetabolites; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004337:Drug Carriers; D011108:Polymers; D007065:Idoxuridine