title: Pelvic congestion syndrome: early clinical results after transcatheter ovarian vein embolization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This case series describes the early radiographic and clinical results of attempted transcatheter ovarian vein (OV) embolization in 11 women with symptoms that were suggestive of the pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven women (mean age, 33.1 years) who were multiparous were referred for lower extremity or vulvar varicosities (n = 8) or for tubo-ovarian varicosities (n = 3). After a clinical diagnosis of PCS was established, the women underwent ovarian (n = 5) or ovarian and iliac vein (n = 6) venography. Enlarged or incompetent OVs were embolized with 0.035-inch stainless steel coils or with 0.018-inch platinum microcoils and absorbable gelatin sponge. Incompetent tributaries to hypogastric veins were embolized as well (n = 1). Symptoms before embolization and after embolization were recorded with a standard questionnaire, and the post-embolization symptoms were expressed as individual and overall percent relief.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine of the 11 women underwent embolization. Embolization of both OVs (n = 4), of the left OV alone (n = 4), or of a left obturator vein that communicated with vulvar varices (n = 1) was performed. Eight of the 9 women (88.9%) had more than 80% immediate relief. Overall and individual symptom relief varied from 40% to 100% at the mean 13.4-month follow-up. One woman with variant anatomy and one woman with evidence of prior left OV thrombosis were not treated. There were no major complications. Two women had a mild to moderate return of the symptoms at 6 and 22 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transcatheter embolization provides excellent initial and variable midterm relief in women with typical PCS symptoms and with OV or OV and internal iliac (hypogastric) tributary vein incompetence. This interventional technique may replace or complement the traditional surgical approaches to this rarely recognized and poorly understood disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery, and the Department of Radiology, Section of Interventional Radiology, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Cordts
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eclavea
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Buckley
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: DeMaioribus
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Cockerill
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Yeager
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010053:Ovary / Q000098:blood supply*; D017699:Pelvic Pain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D010388:Pelvis / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010690:Phlebography / Q000379:methods; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D013577:Syndrome; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014648:Varicose Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*