title: [Constructive praxis to the copy: extended standards of the Barcelona test].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Drawings tasks have achieved a very central position in neurology by virtue of their sensitivity to many different kinds of brain lesions. Variables of age and education may significantly affect test performance and therefore should taken into account when developing test norms.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To increase the sample of the original version of the Barcelona test (BT) and analyze the results of the drawing task.
  
  
  METHODS
  322 normal subjects (47.1% women and 52.9% males), stratified in 7 groups according to age and education were included in the large sample. Copying subtest of the BT were used. Descriptive statistics and multiple lineal regression were applied to the data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Due to the relevance of age and education on coping drawing tasks (Kruskal-Wallis: p < 0.001 for age and p < 0.001 for education). Both variables (age and education) were analyzed using multiple lineal regression in order to establish possible effects of age and/or education for each group (F = 18.073; p < 0.001). Subjects aged more than 70 had the best adjust to the regression model (R2 = 0.4245; F = 18.07; p < 0.001; delta R2 = 13.56). Furthermore age has an important role as modulator to the results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Age and education influenced copying drawing performance for raw scores as well as when considering timed performance, in a different way for each studied group. While the correlation of education and performance on copy drawing tasks is a direct one, for age this relation is inverse.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario del Mar, Unidad de Neurología de la Conducta y Psicogeriatria, Centro Geriátrico (IMAS), Barcelona. 18575g@imas.imim.es
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Cejudo-Bolívar
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Torrealba-Fernández
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guardia-Olmos
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peña-Casanova
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001072:Apraxias / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011930:Reaction Time