title: Ultrarapid detection of sex chromosomes with the use of fluorescence in situ hybridization with direct label DNA probes in single human blastomeres, spermatozoa, amniocytes, and lymphocytes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the ultrarapid fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) procedure with a 1-minute hybridization time for gender determination.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fluorescence in situ hybridization with direct label fluorescence DNA probes for chromosomes X and Y were tested with the use of different hybridization times and different cell types.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospital-based IVF program.
  
  
  METHODS
  The efficiency of the FISH procedure with different hybridization times was compared with the use of male lymphocytes. The same FISH procedure, but with only 1-minute hybridization, was carried out in human blastomeres, spermatozoa, uncultured amniocytes, male lymphocytes, and female lymphocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Percentages of nuclei with positive signals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentages of nuclei with positive signals in lymphocytes with hybridization times of 1, 3, 4, 10, 30, and 45 minutes were 97%, 97%, 98%, 98%, 98%, and 98%, respectively. The percentages of nuclei with positive signals after FISH with a 1-minute hybridization time in single blastomeres, spermatozoa, amniocytes, male lymphocytes, and female lymphocytes were 94%, 96%, 96%, 98%, and 97%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chromosomes X and Y of human blastomeres. spermatozoa, uncultured amniocytes, and lymphocytes can be detected rapidly with the use of this ultrarapid FISH procedure with a 1-minute hybridization time.
authors.affiliation: The Greater Baltimore Medical Center Fertility Center, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Maryland 21204, USA. jliu@gbmc.org
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: X Z
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Baramki
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Yazigi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Compton
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Katz
mesh_terms: D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000166:cytology*; D001757:Blastomeres / Q000502:physiology*; D015342:DNA Probes; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D012730:Sex Chromosomes; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015342:DNA Probes