title: Prescription patterns of diuretics in Dutch community-dwelling elderly patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe age- and gender-related prescription patterns of diuretics in community-dwelling elderly, and to compare diuretics to other cardiovascular (CV) medications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study of patient-specific prescription data derived from a panel of 10 Dutch community pharmacies. Determination of proportional prescription rates and prescribed daily dose (PDD) of diuretics, cardiac glycosides, nitrates, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, beta-adrenoceptor blockers, and calcium channel blockers in all 5326 patients aged 65 years or older dispensed CV medications between August 1st, 1995 and February 1st, 1996.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diuretics were prescribed to 2677 of 5326 patients (50.3%), 1325 patients (24.9%) using thiazides and 1198 patients (22.5%) using loop diuretics. Prescription rates of loop diuretics increased from 15.1% in patients aged 65-74 years to 37.2% in patients aged 85 years or older. Rates also increased for digoxin and nitrates. Rates for thiazide diuretics remained unchanged with age; rates for beta-adrenoceptor blockers, ACE inhibitors and calcium channel blockers declined with age. Thiazides were prescribed to 30.1% of women compared with 16% of men (P < 0.001). Average PDD was 135 +/- 117% of defined daily dose (DDD) for loop diuretics, and highest for bumetanide (245 +/- 2.01% of DDD, equivalent to 2.5 +/- 2.0 mg). Average PDD was 74 +/- 40% of DDD for thiazides, and highest for chlorthalidone (100 +/- 49% of DDD, equivalent to 25 +/- 12 mg).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Important characteristics of diuretic usage patterns in this elderly population were a steep increase in loop diuretic use in the oldest old, a large gender difference for thiazide use, and high prescribed doses for thiazides.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Medicine, University Hospital Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: van Kraaij
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: de Gier
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Gribnau
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Hoefnagels
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004232:Diuretics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004363:Drug Utilization; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D004232:Diuretics