title: Evaluating undergraduate preclinical operative skill; use of a glance and grade marking system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study was to evaluate the intra- and inter-examiner variability of a panel of examiners using a 'glance and grade' marking system when assessing Class II preparations.
  
  
  METHODS
  The examination panel consisted of five university staff with varying clinical and teaching experience. The panel assessed 75 disto-occlusal preparations suitable for restoration with dental amalgam prepared in extracted human premolar teeth. The majority of the preparations were cut by undergraduates in their preclinical year of study and the remainder by an experienced staff member. The panel were blind to the identity of each operator.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study revealed a high degree of both intra- and inter-examiner variability, with some preparations being given a pass on one occasion and a fail on another and vice-versa. In addition, some of the panel, perhaps assuming that the practical exercise had been prepared entirely by undergraduates, were reluctant to award good grades.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study has highlighted the need for better staff training and a more comprehensive system of assessing preclinical skills.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Dummer
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Gilmour
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Edmunds
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hicks
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ash
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards*; D003737:Dental Cavity Preparation / Q000592:standards*; D003814:Dentistry, Operative / Q000193:education* / Q000592:standards; D004497:Education, Dental / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D015588:Observer Variation; D016037:Single-Blind Method