title: Evaluation of regional left ventricular wall motion with color kinesis: comparison with two-dimensional echocardiography in patients after acute myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Color kinesis (CK) is a new echocardiographic technique for the assessment of left ventricular (LV) wall motion based on acoustic quantification. Using integrated backscatter data, this technique identifies the pixel value transitions from blood to myocardial tissue throughout systole and tracks endocardial motion in real time. The color-encoded images, built on a frame-by-frame basis by adding one color at a time, provide an integrated display of the timing and amplitude of endocardial motion in a single end-systolic frame. Recent studies have shown that CK is a promising clinical tool for quantitative assessment of regional LV function.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of CK in identifying the regional wall-motion abnormalities diagnosed by conventional two-dimensional (2-D) echocardiography in patients after acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
  
  
  METHODS
  The end-systolic color overlays were analyzed using a method to quantify the regional timing and amplitude of endocardial systolic excursion (ESE) based on the count of the numbers of colors. At this point, the total duration (ESE timing) and distance (ESE amplitude) of endocardial excursion from end-diastolic to end-systolic color-frame was calculated in each segment. In 54 patients after AMI, we compared the feasibility and ability of CK superimposed on 2-D superimposed on 2-D superimposed on 2-D echocardiographic images and visual 2-D echo analysis to evaluate the endocardial border excursion in parasternal short-axis (SAX) and apical four-(AP4CH) and two-(AP2CH) chamber views. In 20 normal subjects, the end-systolic color overlays were used to evaluate the variability of the measurements of ESE timing (msec) and amplitude (cm) and to define the reference values. Image quality was considered adequate if at least 12 of 16 segments could be evaluated for systolic function by conventional visual 2-D echo. Among 54 patients, 35 with adequate studies were selected to determine the accuracy of quantitative analysis of CK images in identifying regional wall-motion abnormalities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SAX view was obtained in 36 of 54 patients; of the possible 216 segments, 210 (97%) were adequately visualized by 2-D echocardiography and 207 (96%) by CK. Apical views were obtained in 50 patients (93%); of the possible 300 segments, 93% were visualized by 2-D echocardiography and 90% by CK in the AP4CH view and 94% and 92%, respectively, were visualized by the two methods in the AP2CH view. In normal subjects, measurements of ESE timing and amplitude were found to be consistent and the mean values were 346 msec (range 280-360) and 0.99 cm (range 0.72-1.26) respectively. In the 35 selected patients, 2-D echocardiography identified 355 normokinetic segments in which ESE timing and amplitude were similar to the reference values. In 83 hypokinetic segments and 108 akinetic segments, ESE timing and amplitude were significantly inferior to values of normokinetic segments (p < 0.001). An ESE timing below the reference values of 280 msec identified all of the 191 asynergic segments (sensitivity and specificity = 100%) and an ESE amplitude of less than 0.70 cm identified 188 asynergic segments (sensitivity = 98% and specificity = 99%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CK showed good feasibility and diagnostic accuracy in identifying regional wall motion abnormalities in patients with acute myocardial infarction. The model used in our study for the quantitative analysis of color kinesis images, which provided easy and feasible indices of timing and amplitude of endocardial excursion, enabled fast and objective evaluation of LV regional wall motion.
authors.affiliation: Divisione di Cardiologia, IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Istituto di Tradate, Varese.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Santoro
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tramarin
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Colombo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Agricola
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Picozzi
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Pedretti
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004452:Echocardiography; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; D004699:Endocardium / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013599:Systole / Q000502:physiology; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology*