title: Recent patterns of hormone replacement therapy use in a large managed care organization.
abstract: Rates of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in women have varied substantially over the last 25 years. Data on the impact of recent recommendations for widespread use to prevent cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis and factors that influence use are needed. We attempted to (1) describe recent trends in HRT use, (2) investigate the relationship between HRT use and prepaid drug benefit, and (3) detail prescribing frequencies by provider specialty. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of annual HRT pharmacy dispensings from 1986 to 1995 in a large HMO to all female HMO members aged 45 years and older. HRT rates increased among all age categories, although the magnitude of change varied by age. Highest rates of use were found in those 50-59 years old. Although combined estrogen-progestin use increased, 57% of all estrogen users did not receive progestin in 1995. Unopposed estrogen use was largely limited to hysterectomized women. Women of all ages with no prepaid drug benefit as part of their HMO coverage had the lowest HRT rates. Internal medicine, obstetrics/gynecology, and family practice providers prescribed over 90% of HRT, and prescriber specialty varied with user age. HRT use increased in the HMO from 1986 to 1995, especially among younger women. In 1995, about half of women aged 50-64 years received one or more HRT dispensings. As the benefits, risks, and cost effectiveness of HRT depend on the duration of use, additional information on current use duration is needed. Combined estrogen-progestin use increased and appeared appropriate to hysterectomy status. Research is needed to determine if lower HRT use rates among women without a prepaid drug benefit indicate less prophylactic HRT use, particularly among younger women, for whom this lack of coverage was relatively common.
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest Division, Portland, Oregon, USA. whitlockev@chr.mts.kpnw.org
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Whitlock
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Vogt
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D011307:Drug Prescriptions; D005260:Female; D006279:Health Maintenance Organizations / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D019458:Insurance Coverage; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors