title: Evaluation of the formalin test to assess the analgesic activity of diflunisal in the rat.
abstract: The formalin test was evaluated to assess the analgesic activity of diflunisal in the rat. Fifty microliters of a 5% formalin solution was injected into the hindpaw of rats and two distinct nociceptive behaviors, i.e. flinching/shaking and licking/biting of the injected paw, were recorded over 120 min. The effect of factors such as age of the animal, time of injection (morning vs. afternoon), site of injection (right vs. left hind paw) were evaluated. Both nociceptive behaviors exhibited a biphasic time course. Rats weighing 210-220 grams showed a more intense response compared to older rats weighing 240-250 or 270-280 grams. The nociceptive behavior response was affected by the time of formalin injection and was more pronounced in the morning. Diflunisal (100 mg/kg, i.v. infusion over 3 min) caused a significant delay in the flinching/shaking response vs. time curve, whereas the licking/biting response was significantly inhibited. When carried out under carefully controlled conditions, the formalin test may be useful to study the analgesic effect of diflunisal in the rat. It seems to be less sensitive, however, than other commonly used nociceptive tests.
authors.affiliation: Laboratories of Pharmacokinetics and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Meunier
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Burton
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cumps
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Verbeeck
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology; D000700:Analgesics; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004061:Diflunisal / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D005557:Formaldehyde; D004061:Diflunisal