title: Energy balance in muscle activity: simulations of ATPase coupled to oxidative phosphorylation and to creatine kinase.
abstract: Energy balance refers to the dynamic homeostasis of ATP and related forms of chemical potential within cells. This regulation is accomplished mainly by oxidative metabolism in most mammals. This homeostasis matches dynamically the energy demands of cellular ATPases (net decrease in chemical potential energy) with the energy supply by mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (net increase in chemical potential energy). Muscle cells are distinguished from most other cell types in their ability to attain energy balance with more than a 10-fold range of ATPase demand. Creatine kinase maintains a near to equilibrium flux: PCr + ADP<-->ATP + Cr. One important function of creatine kinase is to buffer ATP and ADP concentrations. A system of differential equations describe the coupled operation of cellular ATPase, creatine kinase and oxidative phosphorylation. These equations used experimentally measured concentrations of relevant metabolites and enzyme activities to simulate energy balance in muscle cells. The principle of energy balance is adequately illustrated by simulations with only a three component system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA. meri@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kushmerick
mesh_terms: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000502:physiology; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000502:physiology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D007700:Kinetics; D008322:Mammals / Q000502:physiology; D009132:Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D010085:Oxidative Phosphorylation; D010725:Phosphocreatine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010725:Phosphocreatine; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases