title: Results of reconstruction in major pelvic and extremity venous injuries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Outcome and venous patency after reconstruction in major pelvic and extremity venous injuries was studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed 46 patients with 47 venous injuries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Injuries were caused by penetrating trauma in 37 extremities, blunt trauma in 6 patients, and were iatrogenic in 4 patients. Pelvic veins were injured in 4 patients, lower-extremity veins were injured in 39 limbs in 38 patients, and upper-extremity veins were injured in 4 patients. Concomitant arterial injuries occurred in 37 patients. Venous repairs were mostly of the complex type and included spiral or panel grafts in 15 (32%) reconstructions, interposition grafts or patch venoplasty in 19 (40%) reconstructions, end-to-end and lateral repair in 11 patients, and ligation in 2 patients. Two patients underwent early amputation. Early transient limb edema occurred in 2 patients, and postoperative venous occlusions were documented in 4 patients. Full function was regained in 39 (81%) extremities. No variable, including 4 retrospectively applied extremity injury scores (mangled extremity severity score [MESS], limb salvage index [LSI], mangled extremity syndrome index [MESI], predictive salvage index [PSI]), correlated with outcome. High values on all 4 scores were significantly associated with reexplorations (P <.02), which were done in 8 patients for debridement (5), arrest of bleeding (2), and repair of a missed arterial injury (1). Follow-up of 28 +/- 6 months on 27 patients (57%; duplex scan in 18, continuous-wave Doppler and plethysmography in 9, and venography in 3) showed 1 occlusion 6 weeks after the injury and patency of all other venous reconstructions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reconstructions of major venous injuries with a high rate of complex repairs result in a large proportion of fully functional limbs and a high patency rate. A high extremity injury score predicts the need for reexploration of the extremity. Mostocclusions occur within weeks of injury, and the subsequent delayed occlusion rate is very low.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, and the Department of General Surgery, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zamir
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Berlatzky
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rivkind
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Anner
authors.forename: Y G
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Wolf
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010388:Pelvis / Q000293:injuries*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014654:Vascular Patency; D014680:Veins / Q000293:injuries*; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000601:surgery; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating / Q000601:surgery