title: Pathophysiological appraisal of a rat model of total hepatic ischemia with an extracorporeal portosystemic shunt.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Animal models of total hepatic ischemia (THI) and reperfusion injury are restricted by concomitant splanchnic congestion. This study was performed to determine the requirement suitable for an extracorporeal portosystemic shunt (PSS) to maintain the intestinal integrity in a rat model of THI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a polyethylene tube (0.86 or 1 mm i.d.), PSS was placed between the mesenteric and jugular veins. Comparison was done between THI models with or without PSS and a partial ischemia model with hepatectomy of the nonischemic lobes. Well-tolerated hepatic ischemic period, portal pressure after 10 min of hepatic ischemia, portal endotoxin levels at 1 h after reperfusion, histological features of the small bowel just before reperfusion, and local jejunal and ileal blood hemoglobin oxygen saturation index (ISO2) were compared among the models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Animals without PSS poorly tolerated 30 min of THI. Animals receiving THI with PSS or partial hepatic ischemia tolerated a longer ischemic period (60 min) with a significantly higher small bowel ISO2, lower portal pressure and endotoxin levels (P < 0.01), and less histological damage of the small bowel when compared to those receiving THI without PSS. Portal endotoxin levels after THI with PSS using a 1-mm i.d. tube as well as partial hepatic ischemia were significantly lower than those after THI with PSS using a 0.86-mm i.d. tube.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  THI with PSS using a 1-mm i.d. tube was strikingly similar to partial hepatic ischemia in the pathophysiological profile during hepatic ischemia. PSS with a tube 1 mm or more in inner diameter offers pathophysiological advantages in experiments on THI and reperfusion.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakaguchi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mitsuoka
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsuchiya
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Konno
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baba
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000097:blood; D005112:Extracorporeal Circulation; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology; D007511:Ischemia / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008102:Liver Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009336:Necrosis; D011169:Portal Vein / Q000503:physiopathology; D011170:Portasystemic Shunt, Surgical; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014690:Venous Pressure / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004731:Endotoxins; D006454:Hemoglobins