title: Health outcomes associated with beta-blocker and diltiazem treatment of unstable angina.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We compared long-term health outcomes associated with beta-adrenergic blocking agents and diltiazem treatment for unstable angina.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  No long-term data have been published comparing these two antianginal treatments in this setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eligible veterans were discharged from the Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System (VAPSHCS), Seattle Division, between October 1989 and September 1995 with an unstable angina diagnosis and were prescribed monotherapy beta-blocker or diltiazem treatment at discharge. Medication data were collected from medical records and computerized VAPSHCS outpatient pharmacy files. Follow-up death and coronary artery disease rehospitalization data were collected through 1996. Proportional hazards regression compared survival among diltiazem and beta-blocker users, controlling for patient characteristics with propensity scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred forty-seven veterans (24% on beta-blockers, 76% on diltiazem) were included in this study. There were 54 (22%) deaths during an average follow-up of 51 months. After propensity score adjustment, there was no difference in risk of death comparing diltiazem to beta-blocker treatment (hazards ratios [HR] 1.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.49 to 2.4). Among Washington residents (n=207), there were 146 (71%) coronary artery disease rehospitalizations or deaths during follow-up. After adjustment, there was a nonsignificant increase in risk of rehospitalization or death associated with diltiazem use (HR 1.4; 95% CI 0.80 to 2.4). For both analyses, similar risks were found among veterans without relative contraindications to beta-blockers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found no survival benefit of diltiazem over beta-blocker treatment for unstable angina in this cohort of veterans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA. nlsmith@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Reiber
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Psaty
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Heckbert
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Siscovick
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ritchie
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Every
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Koepsell
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004110:Diltiazem / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010359:Patient Readmission; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014861:Washington / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D004110:Diltiazem