title: Angiosarcoma of the head and neck managed by a combination of multiple biopsies to determine tumor margin and radiation therapy. Report of three cases and review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cutaneous angiosarcoma (AS) is a rare, often multicentric vascular tumor of the head and neck region with a rather poor prognosis. The original clinical size of the tumor rarely correlates to the degree of microscopic tissue invasion. Treatment by surgical excision sometimes requires very wide excision. Treatment by radiation or electron beam appears less mutilating but its efficacy is not well documented.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To present our experience with a combined surgical delineation of tumor margins followed by radiation treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  We treated three patients with extensive AS of the scalp and face. Prior to radiation, in two cases the tumor margins were determined by grid-pattern punch biopsies. In the third patient, the tumor margins were determined by Mohs mapping system. All three patients then received radiation either by rotational arc electron beam (n = 2) and standard radiation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One patient developed two local recurrences in nonirradiated areas plus a metastatic cervical node, all of which responded to additional electron beam. The patient has no evidence of disease (NED) after 30 months of observation. The other two patients were treated by electron beam and radiation have NED at 5 and 1 years follow-up, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Local control of AS of the scalp may be achieved by assessment of the tumor margin by peripheral biopsies or Mohs technique followed by electron beam and radiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bullen
authors.forename: P O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Landeck
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nychay
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Snow
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hazen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kinsella
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lamond
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D005145:Face; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D006394:Hemangiosarcoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015580:Mohs Surgery; D012008:Recurrence; D012535:Scalp; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery