title: Caspase inhibitor BD-fmk distinguishes transforming growth factor beta-induced apoptosis from growth inhibition.
abstract: Transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) is essential for immune regulation and growth control. TGFbeta has previously been shown to inhibit cell growth as well as induce cell death in lymphocytes, although the mechanisms controlling these processes are not well understood. The mouse pre-B lymphoma cell line WEHI 231 was used to examine the mechanisms of TGFbeta-mediated growth inhibition and apoptosis. TGFbeta inhibits the growth of WEHI 231 cells in a dose-dependent manner; however, a decrease in viability is also observed, which is indicative of increased cell death. TGFbeta induces oligonucleosomal DNA ladder formation in a dose-dependent manner, indicating the mechanism of cell death is via apoptosis. The broad spectrum caspase inhibitor BD-fmk, but not tetrapeptide inhibitors of specific caspases, completely blocks TGFbeta-induced apoptosis while maintaining cellular viability. BD-fmk, however, has no effect on TGFbeta-induced growth inhibition. The ability of TGFbeta to down-regulate cyclin A-associated kinase activity, postulated to mediate TGFbeta growth inhibition, is not affected by the caspase inhibitor BD-fmk. These results suggest that caspases do not regulate cell cycle mediators of growth and provide the first demonstration that a pharmacological inhibitor of TGFbeta-induced apoptosis is capable of distinguishing growth inhibitory from apoptotic pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology (NC-1), The Lerner Research Insitute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44195, USA.
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Basnett
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Howe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D016193:G1 Phase / Q000187:drug effects; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D051379:Mice; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D013936:Thymidine / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D004247:DNA; D011494:Protein Kinases; C102333:histone H1 kinase; D013936:Thymidine