title: Evidence for an important interaction between a complement-derived CD21 ligand on follicular dendritic cells and CD21 on B cells in the initiation of IgG responses.
abstract: The addition of Ags to mononuclear leukocyte cultures typically elicits modest Ab responses, implying that cosignals beyond those provided by T cells and macrophages may be needed. Recently, we reported that Ab responses could be dramatically enhanced (10-1000-fold) by the addition of follicular dendritic cells (FDC), suggesting that FDC may provide an important costimulatory signal. This result prompted a study of molecules involved in FDC-mediated enhancement of Ab responses stimulated by specific Ag with memory T and B cells or nonspecifically by the addition of LPS. In this study, we report evidence supporting the concept that FDC bear a ligand that engages complement receptor II (CR2 or CD21) on B cells and provides a critical cosignal for both Ag-specific and polyclonal responses. A blockade of the CR2 ligand on FDC by the use of soluble CR2 or a blockade of CR2 on B cells by use of CR2 knockout mice (or B cells with CR2 blocked) reduced Ab responses from the microg/ml to the ng/ml range (10-1000-fold reductions). FDC from C3 knockout mice, which cannot generate the CR2-binding fragments (iC3b, C3d, and C3dg), were unable to provide costimulatory activity, suggesting the CR2 ligand on FDC consists of C3 fragments. FDC trap complement-activating Ag-Ab complexes, and it appears that FDC present B cells with both specific Ag to engage B cell receptors and a CR2 ligand to engage B cell-CR2. In short, optimal induction of specific Ab responses appears to require the combination of specific Ag and costimulatory molecules from both T cells and FDC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Burton
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Szakal
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Tew
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D003176:Complement C3 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D017464:Receptors, Complement 3d / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D003176:Complement C3; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D017464:Receptors, Complement 3d; D003165:Complement System Proteins