title: Fertility and histological studies of the contralateral testes in two different intra- and extra-abdominal rat models of unilateral cryptorchidism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of location of the testis on both testicular development and fertility in unilateral cryptorchidism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-nine Wistar King A newborn male rats were divided into three groups. In group 1 (15 rats) intra-abdominal unilateral cryptorchidism were created by the intra-abdominal fixation of the testis in the neonatal period. In group 2 (16 rats) extra-abdominal unilateral cryptorchidism was created by extra-abdominal fixation of the gubernaculum in the neonatal period. In group 3, 18 rats underwent a sham operation as controls. At 90 days of age, fertility was then assessed in each rat by housing it with two mature virgin females for 2 weeks. Thereafter, at 115-120 days of age, the rats were killed and their testes removed for histological examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in the pregnancy rate between females coupled with rats from any group, but the mean number of offspring was significantly lower in females coupled with rats in group 1 than in group 2. Furthermore, histological examination of both the cryptorchid and contralateral scrotal testes showed more severe changes in the intra-abdominal than the extra-abdominal testes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that intra-abdominal cryptorchid testes are significantly more impaired than extra-abdominal cryptorchid testes, and that such impairment might be caused by exposure of the testis to a higher temperature. The more severely impaired undescended testes may thus induce the degeneration of the contralateral scrotal testis and thereby cause subfertility in the intra-abdominal unilateral cryptorchid rat model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Zakaria
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shono
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imajima
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suita
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003456:Cryptorchidism / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility / Q000502:physiology*; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar