title: The potentiation of the effect of radiation treatment by intratumoral delivery of cisplatin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare potentiation of the effects of acute or fractionated radiation by cisplatin when the drug was delivered intratumorally by implanted biodegradable polymer, by intraperitoneal injection, or by intraperitoneal osmotic pump.
  
  
  METHODS
  Radiation was delivered to a mouse tumor (RIF-1) either in a single dose or in a fractionated regime in conjunction with cisplatin delivered either as a bolus injection, with an osmotic pump, or with a biodegradable polymer rod containing cisplatin. The osmotic pump was implanted in the intraperitoneal cavity of the mouse while the polymer implants were placed directly in the tumor. As the polymer degrades, the drug is released at the treatment site leading to high local concentrations. The osmotic pump, in contrast, leads to prolonged systemic exposure to the drug at low concentrations. Tumor growth delay (TGD) was used as an endpoint in these experiments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most effective treatment protocol, in terms of potentiating the effects of radiation was cisplatin delivered by polymer implanted 2 days before an acute dose of radiation (growth modification factor [DMF] = 2.2). Comparison of single and multifraction regimes where polymer implant was on the same day as the commencement of treatment showed greater potentiation of the effect of fractionated than of acute radiation treatment with the DMF for fractionated treatment remaining relatively constant (1.5-1.9) for 5, 8, and 12 fraction treatments. Cisplatin delivered via the osmotic pump did not deliver a high enough dose of cisplatin to produce therapeutic effect in this mouse tumor model and had little impact on response to treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicated that cisplatin delivered intratumorally by biodegradable polymer implant was effective in potentiating the effect of both acute and fractionated radiation. For the fractionated treatments the effect was maintained with increasing fraction numbers and treatment time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Yapp
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Lloyd
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lehnert
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D051379:Mice; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D010529:Peritoneal Cavity; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; D002945:Cisplatin