title: Expression, localization and functional interactions of Ku70 subunit of DNA-PK in peripheral lymphocytes and Nalm-19 cells after irradiation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the changes in expression, localization and functional interaction of Ku70 subunit of DNA-PK after irradiation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Protein expression by Western blotting, cellular localization by immunofluorescence and functional interactions by immunoprecipitation were investigated after gamma-irradiation in two different cell systems: (1) quiescent human peripheral lymphocytes (0, 2 and 4 Gy) stimulated to proliferate with PHA; and (2) in a proliferating Nalm-19 cell line (0 and 2 Gy). Cell cycle analysis was performed by FACS. Immunofluorescence on extended chromatin fibres was also performed to show close association of Ku70 with the chromatin fibre.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gamma-irradiation induced dose-dependent expression of Ku70 in both cell systems. Confocal microscopy on immunostained cells and cell cycle analysis showed that Ku70 protein translocates to the cytoplasm after the G1 phase. There was a delay in the cytoplasmic shift of Ku70 in the irradiated group, corresponding with the G1 delay. The cytoplasmic localization was supported by ultracentrifugation studies. Immunofluorescence with Ku70 antibody on an extended chromatin fibre showed that Ku70 is closely associated with the chromatin fibre, and irradiation produced many spots of intense fluorescence on it. Ku70 coprecipitated with c-ABL and p21 after irradiation. The c-ABL was coprecipitated throughout the time course of observation, whereas p21 was transiently (0.2 h) associated with Ku70 and only in the lower dose groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These studies have demonstrated new biological characteristics of Ku70 in the cellular response to irradiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Cytogenetics, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan.
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Kumaravel
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bharathy
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kudoh
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kamada
mesh_terms: D034961:Antigens, Nuclear; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000528:radiation effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism; D003429:Cross Reactions / Q000276:immunology; D004265:DNA Helicases; D051747:DNA-Activated Protein Kinase; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D005720:Gamma Rays; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D000072200:Ku Autoantigen; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000528:radiation effects*; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D016315:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-abl / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D034961:Antigens, Nuclear; D002843:Chromatin; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D016315:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-abl; D051747:DNA-Activated Protein Kinase; C497263:PRKDC protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D004265:DNA Helicases; C106893:XRCC5 protein, human; C000606509:Xrcc6 protein, human; D000072200:Ku Autoantigen