title: The efficacy of sublingual hyoscyamine sulfate and intravenous ketorolac tromethamine in the relief of ureteral colic.
abstract: A prospective, randomized, open-label, single-dose study was conducted in an emergency department (ED) of a tertiary care teaching hospital to evaluate the efficacy of hyoscyamine sulfate as compared to ketorolac tromethamine for the reduction of pain from ureteral colic in the ED. Patients were included if they were at least 18 years of age and presented to the ED with an initial history and physical examination consistent with ureteral colic. Ureteral calculi were confirmed by ultrasound or intravenous urogram. Consecutive patients were randomized to either a single sublingual dose of 0.125 mg of hyoscyamine sulfate or a single intravenous dose of 30 mg of ketorolac tromethamine given over 1 minute. After 30 minutes, if analgesia was inadequate, patients were given rescue medication. Baseline pain scores were obtained using a horizontal, 100-mm visual analog scale. Additional pain scores were obtained at 10-minute intervals for 30 minutes. Upon completion of the study, both patients and physicians completed a global assessment score questionnaire. Fifty-four evaluable patients were randomized. Demographics and baseline pain scores were similar for each group. Decreasing trends in pain over time were observed for both treatment groups, with significantly greater pain reduction observed with ketorolac tromethamine as compared to hyoscyamine sulfate. Global evaluations of pain relief revealed better results in the ketorolac tromethamine group than in the hyoscyamine sulfate group, although this result was not statistically significant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA, USA.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Dula
mesh_terms: D000286:Administration, Sublingual; D000328:Adult; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001285:Atropine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003085:Colic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D020911:Ketorolac Tromethamine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014046:Tolmetin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014325:Tromethamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D014325:Tromethamine; D020911:Ketorolac Tromethamine; D001285:Atropine; D014046:Tolmetin