title: High prevalence of acute myocardial damage in a hospital necropsy series, shown by C9 immunohistology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To use a sensitive test of acute myocardial damage--immunohistological detection of complement component C9--to assess the prevalence of damage in an unselected series of hearts taken at necropsy in adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sections of formalin fixed and paraffin wax embedded myocardium were cut from 128 consecutive necropsy cases on which a block of heart had been taken. These were stained with an immunohistological method for C9. Necropsy findings were reviewed and clinical risk factors for myocardial damage noted. The extent of C9 immunostaining was correlated with clinical and pathological findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was immunostaining for C9 in 109 heart sections (85%). Most had conventional evidence of coronary artery disease or acute or chronic myocardial abnormality, but necrosis was identified by orthodox microscopy in only 12 (11% of C9 positive cases). In 29 cases, orthodox examination showed no abnormality, but C9 was detected. These cases had clinical risk factors for damage such as hypoxia and hypotension. Increasing age, heart weight, and total number of risk factors and pathological findings were associated with increasing extent of C9 immunostaining.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acute myocardial damage was common in a hospital necropsy series and its prevalence was underestimated by conventional pathological techniques. Immunostaining for C9 was a simple and useful way of detecting such damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Howie
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D001344:Autopsy; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D003186:Complement C9 / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D009206:Myocardium / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D003186:Complement C9