Morbillivirus downregulation of CD46.
There is evidence that CD46 (membrane cofactor protein) is a cellular receptor for vaccine and laboratory-passaged strains of measles virus (MV). Following infection with these MV strains, CD46 is downregulated from the cell surface, and consequent complement-mediated lysis has been shown to occur upon infection of a human monocytic cell line. The MV hemagglutinin (H) protein alone is capable of inducing this downregulation. Some wild-type strains of MV fail to downregulate CD46, despite infection being prevented by anti-CD46 antibodies. In this study we show that CD46 is also downregulated to the same extent by wild-type, vaccine, and laboratory-passaged strains of rinderpest virus (RPV), although CD46 did not appear to be the receptor for RPV. Expression of the RPV H protein by a nonreplicating adenovirus vector was also found to cause this downregulation. A vaccine strain of peste des petits ruminants virus caused slight downregulation of CD46 in infected Vero cells, while wild-type and vaccine strains of canine distemper virus and a wild-type strain of dolphin morbillivirus failed to downregulate CD46. Downregulation of CD46 can, therefore, be a function independent of the use of this protein as a virus receptor.
Galbraith
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SE
Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 ONF, United Kingdom. s.galbraith@qub.ac.uk
Tiwari
A
A
Baron
M D
MD
Lund
B T
BT
Barrett
T
T
Cosby
S L
SL
D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D004217:Distemper Virus, Canine / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D004285:Dogs; D015536:Down-Regulation; D006389:Hemagglutinins, Viral / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008458:Measles Vaccine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008459:Measles virus / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D051916:Membrane Cofactor Protein; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D018103:Morbillivirus / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology; D018107:Peste-des-petits-ruminants virus / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D012302:Rinderpest virus / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D014709:Vero Cells
D000906:Antibodies; D015703:Antigens, CD; C497857:CD46 protein, human; D006389:Hemagglutinins, Viral; D008458:Measles Vaccine; D051916:Membrane Cofactor Protein; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011991:Receptors, Virus