title: Activating inhibitors and inhibiting activators: a day in the life of a fly.
abstract: The circadian clock keeps time through an intracellular oscillator that requires rhythmic gene expression. In Drosophila melanogaster, the core of this oscillator is composed of a circadian feedback loop in which the transcription of the period and timeless genes is repressed by their own protein products. In the past year, our understanding of clock organization and function in Drosophila has been advanced by breakthroughs that define when, where and how this feedback loop operates. These studies, along with those in other organisms, suggest that circadian feedback loops are widespread and that genes within these feedback loops are conserved between Drosophila and mammals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Texas 77204-5513, USA. phardin@uh.edu
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Hardin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000235:genetics*; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000502:physiology*; D005246:Feedback / Q000502:physiology*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D019476:Insect Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C539040:PER protein, Drosophila; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins; C096445:tim protein, Drosophila