title: Frequency-domain simulation of MR tagging.
abstract: Simulation of MR images is a useful tool for offline sequence development and as an aid to understanding image formation. One particular application of simulation is MR tagging, which is used for tracking myocardial motion. Simple spatial-domain methods cannot adequately represent effects common in these images, such as motion artifact and signal wrap. An existing frequency-domain model is shown to be inappropriate for tagged images, and an extension based on the Bloch equations and Fourier shift theorem is described to correct this. Software incorporating the new model is used to generate ideal tag intensity profiles and to accurately simulate tagged images. The shifted k-space patterns associated with tagged images, and their dependence on the order of the binomial tagging sequence, are explained. An application of the Fourier shift theorem is suggested that allows more rapid simulation of static tagged images.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Medical Imaging Research, University of Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Crum
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Berry
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Ridgway
authors.forename: U M
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Sivananthan
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D006321:Heart / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted