title: Cesium-induced atrial tachycardia degenerating into atrial fibrillation in dogs: atrial torsades de pointes?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this study, we investigated whether the potassium channel blocker, cesium chloride (CsCl), which is capable of producing early after-depolarizations (EADs) and polymorphic ventricular tachyarrhythmias resembling torsades de pointes, might exert similar effects in the atria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In nine anesthetized open chest dogs, 5 mL of CsCl in incremental doses (0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25 mM/mL) was injected into the sinus node artery to induce atrial arrhythmias. A polymorphic atrial tachycardia (P-AT) apparently triggered by an EAD and degenerating into atrial fibrillation resulted after CsCl administration in six dogs, but not in the remaining three dogs at any dose of CsCl. The P-AT developed during a normal atrial rate (110+/-13.5 beats/min) on six occasions and during atrial bradycardia (58.6+/-17.9 beat/min) five times. P-AT that occurred during a normal atrial rate had the last normal P wave temporally closely related to ventricular activation, with a VA interval of almost zero (1.3+/-3.3 msec), whereas P-AT induced from an atrial bradycardia had no relation to ventricular activation. The %EAD in the atrial bradycardia group (13.9+/-2.5) exceeded that in the normal atrial rate group (10.9+/-1.8) (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CsCl induces atrial EADs that provoke P-AT that degenerates into atrial fibrillation. P-AT has some characteristics similar to ventricular torsades de pointes.
authors.affiliation: Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine and Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis 46202-4800, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Zipes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002586:Cesium / Q000633:toxicity; D002712:Chlorides / Q000633:toxicity; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D004562:Electrocardiography; D006339:Heart Rate; D013610:Tachycardia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D016171:Torsades de Pointes / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D002586:Cesium; C028019:cesium chloride