title: Frequency of ras mutations in liver neoplasms from B6C3F1 mice exposed to tetrafluoroethylene for two years.
abstract: Tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) was evaluated for carcinogenicity in inhalation studies because of its high use in the production of Teflon. There was clear evidence of hepatocarcinogenic activity in B6C3F1 mice after 2 yr of TFE exposure. The present study was designed to characterize the mutation profiles of H- and K-ras oncogenes in liver neoplasms in mice after exposure to 0, 312, 625, or 1,250 ppm TFE. ras mutations were identified by restriction fragment length polymorphism, single-stranded conformation polymorphism analysis, and direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction amplified-DNA isolated from frozen or paraffin-embedded liver neoplasms. A low frequency (15%, 9/59) of H-ras codon 61 mutations was detected in hepatocellular neoplasms when compared with the higher frequency (59% of this study and 56% of historical data) in spontaneously occurring liver neoplasms. There was no difference in the mutation frequency or spectrum among exposure groups or between benign and malignant hepatocellular neoplasms. K-ras mutations at codons 12, 13, and 61 and H-ras mutations at codon 117 were not detected in hepatocellular neoplasms. These data suggest that TFE-induced hepatocellular neoplasms are developed by pathways that are mostly independent of ras mutations. The ras mutation frequency and spectrum were similar to those of the structurally related chemical tetrachloroethylene.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA. hong@niehs.nih.gov
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Devereux
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Roycroft
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Boorman
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Sills
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000633:toxicity*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D011905:Genes, ras; D008114:Liver Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D017354:Point Mutation; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D005466:Fluorocarbons; C015531:tetrafluoroethylene