title: In vivo gene transfer of nitric oxide synthase enhances vasomotor function in carotid arteries from normal and cholesterol-Fed rabbits.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The vascular endothelium is anatomically intact but functionally abnormal in preatherosclerotic states, and an early deficit in the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) or related molecules has been described in both humans and animal models. We hypothesized that the targeted gene transfer of NO synthase (NOS) isoforms might ameliorate or reverse the deficit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We constructed a recombinant adenovirus, Ad.nNOS, that expresses the neuronal isoform of NOS (nNOS) and used it for in vivo endovascular gene transfer to carotid arteries (CA) from normal and cholesterol-fed rabbits. Vessels were harvested 3 days after gene transfer. In CA from normal rabbits, Ad.nNOS generated high levels of functional nNOS protein predominantly in endothelial cells and increased vascular NOS activity by 3.4-fold relative to sham-infected control CA. Ad.nNOS gene transfer also significantly enhanced endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation to acetylcholine; at 3 micromol/L acetylcholine, Ad.nNOS-treated arteries showed an 86+/-4% reduction in precontracted tension, whereas control CA showed a 47+/-6% reduction in tension. Contraction in response to phenylephrine and relaxation in response to nitroprusside were unaffected in both control and Ad.nNOS-treated CA. To determine the effect of Ad.nNOS in atherosclerotic arteries, 10 male New Zealand White rabbits maintained on a 1% cholesterol diet for 10 to 12 weeks underwent gene transfer according to the same protocol used in normal rabbits. Ad.nNOS-treated arteries showed a 2-fold increase in NADPH-diaphorase staining intensity relative to sham-infected and Ad. betaGal-treated arteries. The CA from cholesterol-fed rabbits showed impaired acetylcholine-induced relaxation, but this abnormality was almost entirely corrected by Ad.nNOS gene transfer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In vivo adenovirus-mediated endovascular delivery of nNOS markedly enhances vascular NOS activity and can favorably influence endothelial physiology in the intact and atherosclerotic vessel wall.
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Cardiology, and Pulmonology, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Channon
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Neplioueva
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Blazing
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Olmez
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Shetty
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Youngblood
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pawloski
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: McMahon
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Stamler
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: George
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D008297:Male; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D011817:Rabbits; D012016:Reference Values; D014666:Vasomotor System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III