title: Ultrasonic vocalizations by infant laboratory mice: a preliminary spectrographic characterization under different conditions.
abstract: During the first 2 to 3 weeks of life, isolated neonatal mice emit ultrasonic vocalizations, with various conditions such as hypothermia or olfactory or tactile stimulation eliciting this behavior. Although it is known that pup vocalizations stimulate prompt expression of maternal behavior, the communicative role of infant ultrasonic calls is still a matter of investigation. A fine-grained spectrographic analysis of ultrasonic calls emitted by pups exposed to different conditions was performed. Forty 8-day-old outbred CD-1 mice (Mus musculus) were isolated from their mothers and littermates and randomly exposed to one of the following conditions: (a) odor from the nest, (b) social isolation, (c) low temperature-isolation, (d) tactile stimulation, or (e) odor from a conspecific adult male. Upon consideration of the spectrogram typology and emission frequency interval, it appears that the conditions under which vocalizations are emitted influence the sound characteristics of call production.
authors.affiliation: Section of Behavioural Pathophysiology, Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Branchi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Santucci
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vitale
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alleva
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D003080:Cold Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects; D004777:Environment; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice / Q000254:growth & development*; D009425:Nesting Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D009812:Odorants; D012934:Social Isolation; D013018:Sound Spectrography; D014110:Touch; D014828:Vocalization, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D014886:Weaning