title: [The association of resistance to organophosphate, carbamate and pyrethroid insecticides with the mechanisms of resistance observed in Culex quinquefasciatus strains from Ciudad de La Habana province].
abstract: The mechanisms of resistance in Culex quinquefasciatus from 6 municipalities of Havana City were studied in order to determine their genetic frequency. Increased esterases and altered acetylcholinesterase are still being the major resistance mechanisms in Havana City. The mechanisms of esterases is of high frequency, followed by altered acetylcholinestenase. Resistance to cholorpirifos was found for the first time in Culex quinquefasciatus, while resistance of malathion and carbamate propoxur is maintained, and deterioration to pyrethroid susceptibility is being detected. The synergistic effect of S.S.S. trubutyl phosphotritiade (DEF) and piperonil butoxide (PB) was analysed, and it was proven that esterases enzymes and multifunction oxidases are involved in the resistance to pyrethroids. By electrophoresis in polyerylamide gel, it was determined that the combination of esterases that seems to be associated with the resistance to perythroids is B1-A6-B6, which appeared with the greatest percentage. Valves of genetic frequency in the 6 municipalities were found to be high, for both esterase genes and acetylcholinesterase genes (Ache).
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kourí.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bisset
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mastrapa
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Díaz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002219:Carbamates; D003462:Cuba; D003465:Culex / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D004950:Esterases / Q000032:analysis; D005787:Gene Frequency; D017344:Genes, Insect; D007305:Insecticide Resistance; D007306:Insecticides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D007814:Larva / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D010641:Phenotype; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D002219:Carbamates; D007306:Insecticides; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D011722:Pyrethrins; D004950:Esterases