title: Enzymes hydrolyzing organophosphates as potential catalytic scavengers against organophosphate poisoning.
abstract: Enzymes hydrolyzing organophosphates could be used as catalytic scavengers for treatment of organophosphate poisoning and for decontamination. Two organophosphorus hydrolases (OPH) were selected: the Flavobacterium sp/Pseudomonas diminuta phosphotriesterase (PTE) and human paraoxonase (HuPON). Genes encoding these enzymes were cloned and functional recombinant enzymes expressed. PTE was expressed in E. coli. Natural HuPON was purified from human plasma; recombinant HuPON was expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 T cells. Although HuPON displays interesting catalytic properties, a site-directed mutagenesis program was undertaken to improve its catalytic efficiency. PTE has high efficiency in hydrolysis of organophosphates, including nerve agents. PTE injected in rat has a half-life of 100 min. However, to overcome pharmacokinetic problems of injected OPH and/or immunological incompatibility, the model enzyme (recombinant PTE) was immobilized onto a hollow-fiber reactor. This reactor designed for extracorporeal blood circulation is under experimentation for post-exposure detoxification.
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherches du Service de Santé des Armées, Department of Toxicology, La Tronche, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Masson
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Josse
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lockridge
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Viguié
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Taupin
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Buhler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002384:Catalysis; D057487:Enzyme Therapy; D004798:Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D062025:Organophosphate Poisoning; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004798:Enzymes; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds