title: Hyperglycemia and compositional lipoprotein abnormalities as predictors of cardiovascular mortality in type 2 diabetes: a 15-year follow-up from the time of diagnosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We studied the 15-year cardiovascular mortality and morbidity of newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes and of nondiabetic control subjects and the predictors of cardiovascular mortality in diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a 15-year prospective study of 133 middle-aged patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and 144 control subjects. Cardiovascular risk factors were assessed in both groups at baseline and after 5 and 10 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total mortality was markedly higher in patients with type 2 diabetes (total: 44.3 vs. 12.9% for men, age-adjusted odds ratio [OR] 5.0, P < 0.001; 44.4 vs. 11.0% for women, OR 5.2, P < 0.001), which was due to increased cardiovascular mortality (ORs for men and women: 6.2 and 11.2, respectively, P < 0.001 for both). The incidences of fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction and stroke were likewise higher in diabetic patients. In univariate analyses and various multiple logistic regression analyses, hyperglycemia was a constant predictor of cardiovascular mortality assessed at the time of diagnosis or at 5- or 10-year examinations. Moreover, lipoprotein abnormalities characteristic of type 2 diabetes (low HDL cholesterol, high LDL triglycerides or apolipoprotein B levels, and low LDL cholesterol/apolipoprotein B ratio as a marker for LDL size) were predictive of cardiovascular death in these analyses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This long-term study of a well-characterized group of newly diagnosed patients strengthens the view that the prognosis in middle-aged subjects is markedly impaired and that both hyperglycemia and compositional lipoprotein abnormalities are predictors of cardiovascular mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Kuopio, Finland. leo.niskanen@kuh.fi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Niskanen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Turpeinen
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Penttilä
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Uusitupa
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000150:complications; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality*; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000401:mortality*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000150:complications*; D015994:Incidence; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D008074:Lipoproteins