title: Seroprevalence of Norwalk virus and Mexico virus in Chilean individuals: assessment of independent risk factors for antibody acquisition.
abstract: Norwalk virus (NV) and Mexico (MX) virus represent distinct genetic clusters within the same genus of human caliciviruses (CVs), a major cause of diarrhea in adults. The magnitude and potential risk factors of human CV infection in populations from Santiago and Punta Arenas, Chile, were assessed. Individuals (n = 1,864) gave a blood sample and answered a questionnaire during a household survey. Sera were tested for antibody to NV and MX virus with use of recombinant capsid antigens. Overall, NV and MX virus seroprevalence rates were 83% and 91% in Santiago vs. 67% and 90% in Punta Arenas, respectively (P < .001 for NV virus). Lower socioeconomic status and increasing age were risk factors for infection with both viruses (P < .001). Consumption of seafood, consumption of vegetables, and child care center attendance were population risk factors for infection, but the association of a factor with a virus depended on the city. Prevention of human CV infections will require individual assessment in different communities.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: O'Ryan
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Víal
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mamani
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Estes
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ferrecio
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lakkis
authors.forename: D O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Matson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D002139:Caliciviridae; D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002677:Chile / Q000453:epidemiology; D002947:Cities / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009663:Norwalk virus / Q000276:immunology; D012307:Risk Factors; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D012923:Social Class
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral