title: Cathepsins B, H, and L and their inhibitors stefin A and cystatin C in sera of melanoma patients.
abstract: The levels of cathepsins (Cats) B, H, and L and their inhibitors stefin A and cystatin C were determined in the sera of 43 patients with metastatic melanoma, in 54 patients with treated cutaneous melanoma with no evidence of metastatic disease, and in 30 healthy blood donors, using quantitative ELISAs. The levels of Cats B and H and cystatin C were significantly higher within the group of metastatic melanoma patients compared with the healthy controls. The median Cat B was 4.8 versus 3.6 ng/ml (P < 0.013), the median Cat H was 13.7 versus 4.9 ng/ml (P < 0.0001), and the median cystatin C was 470 versus 320 ng/ml (P < 0.02). Cat H was also significantly increased within the group of melanoma patients with no metastasis, with a median of 9.6 ng/ml. Cat B was found to correlate with Cat L (r = 0.36; P < 0.02) and cystatin C (r = 0.41; P < 0.008). The serum level of Cat H was significantly increased in patients showing no response to the chemoimmunotherapy as compared to the level in responders. Metastatic melanoma patients with high contents of Cat B and Cat H experienced significantly shorter overall survival rates than the patients with low levels of each enzyme (Cat B: P < 0.003 and relative risk, 2.5; Cat H: P < 0.006 and relative risk, 2.4, using medians as cutoff values). The other potential factors for prognosis for this group of patients revealed moderate (histological type and age) or no (tumor thickness, sex, and lymph node metastasis) prognostic significance. Similarly, no difference in survival was found for stefin A, cystatin C, and Cat L. These results suggest that the serum levels of Cats B and H could serve as prognostic factors for patients with advanced melanoma.
authors.affiliation: Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kos
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stabuc
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schweiger
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krasovec
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cimerman
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kopitar-Jerala
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vrhovec
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D002401:Cathepsin B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood*; D056655:Cathepsin H; D056668:Cathepsin L; D002403:Cathepsins / Q000032:analysis / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood*; D055312:Cystatin A; D055316:Cystatin C; D015891:Cystatins / Q000097:blood*; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D010450:Endopeptidases; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000097:blood*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015993:Life Tables; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000097:blood* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood*; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000401:mortality; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C525030:CST3 protein, human; D055312:Cystatin A; D055316:Cystatin C; D015891:Cystatins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; C026407:CSTA protein, human; D002403:Cathepsins; D010450:Endopeptidases; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; D002401:Cathepsin B; C534281:CTSL protein, human; D056668:Cathepsin L; C534126:CTSH protein, human; D056655:Cathepsin H