Novel pharmacologic strategies in the treatment of experimental traumatic brain injury: 1998.
The mechanisms underlying secondary or delayed cell death following traumatic brain injury are poorly understood. Recent evidence from experimental models suggests that widespread neuronal loss is progressive and continues in selectively vulnerable brain regions for months to years after the initial insult. The mechanisms underlying delayed cell death are believed to result, in part, from the release or activation of endogenous "autodestructive" pathways induced by the traumatic injury. The development of sophisticated neurochemical, histopathological and molecular techniques to study animal models of TBI have enabled researchers to begin to explore the cellular and genomic pathways that mediate cell damage and death. This new knowledge has stimulated the development of novel therapeutic agents designed to modify gene expression, synthesis, release, receptor or functional activity of these pathological factors with subsequent attenuation of cellular damage and improvement in behavioral function. This article represents a compendium of recent studies suggesting that modification of post-traumatic neurochemical and cellular events with targeted pharmacotherapy can promote functional recovery following traumatic injury to the central nervous system.
McIntosh
T K
TK
Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104-6316, USA.
Juhler
M
M
Wieloch
T
T
D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002154:Calpain / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D018678:Cholinergic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017679:Cryotherapy; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D018678:Cholinergic Agents; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D002154:Calpain