title: Muscle activation differences between eccentric and concentric isokinetic exercise.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare electromyographic (EMG) activity and joint moment of agonists and antagonists between isokinetic eccentric and concentric knee muscle actions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve females (20.5 +/- 2.9 yr) performed maximum knee extension and flexion effort on a Biodex dynamometer isometrically and at concentric and eccentric angular velocities ranging from 30 degrees.s-1 to 150 degrees.s-1. EMG activity of vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, vastus medialis, and hamstrings was also recorded. The moment and agonist EMG values were normalized as a percentage of the maximum isometric values. The antagonist EMG was normalized as a percentage of the IEMG activity of the same muscle group when acting as agonist at the same angular velocity and angular position and taking into consideration the effects of muscle action.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three-way ANOVA designs indicated significantly greater normalized eccentric moments compared with concentric moments (P < 0.05), whereas the eccentric normalized integrated EMG (IEMG) of agonists and antagonists was significantly lower compared with the respective concentric IEMG values (P < 0.05). These differences were more evident at fast angular velocities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results demonstrate that neural activation and the resulting muscular action are different between isokinetic eccentric and concentric tests and depend also on the angular velocity of the movement. The antagonist IEMG activity is different depending on the muscle examined. The IEMG activity of the antagonists in this study indicate that the antagonist activity is an important factor that affects the resultant joint moment during isolated isokinetic maximum voluntary joint movements.
authors.affiliation: Division of Sport Science, University of Northumbria, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kellis
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Baltzopoulos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004576:Electromyography; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology*; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000502:physiology; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013710:Tendons / Q000502:physiology