title: The two-stage mutation model in retinal hemangioblastoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The two-stage mutation model involving successive inactivation of both alleles of a tumor suppressor gene was originally proposed by Knudson, who analyzed the age incidence curves for unilateral and bilateral retinoblastoma, and suggested that hereditary tumors arise by a single somatic event superimposed on a defective genetic background and sporadic tumors by a two-stage somatic process. In this study, the age-incidence curve of patients with retinal hemangioblastoma with and without associated von Hippel-Lindau disease were analyzed.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the literature between 1964 and 1998 to find all reported cases of retinal hemangioblastoma and classified patients in a type A group (n = 223) when associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease and a type B group (n = 30) when not associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease. We analyzed and compared the age incidence of these two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a statistically significant difference between the mean age at diagnosis of retinal hemangioblastoma in the two groups, i.e., 48.4 +/- 16.6 years for type B patients and 24.9 +/- 12.0 years for type A patients (p < 0.0001). The age incidence curve for type A retinal hemangioblastoma fit a first-order equation (log S = 0.411-0.034t) with r = 0.97, indicating a single somatic mutation, whereas the age incidence curve for type B retinal hemangioblastoma fit a second-order equation (log S = 0.184-2.25 x 10(-4)t2) with r = 0.97, indicating two somatic mutations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Type B (sporadic) retinal hemangioblastoma may arise from two separate somatic mutations inactivating both alleles at the von Hippel-Lindau locus, whereas patients with von Hippel-Lindau disease (type A) inherit a defective allele and require only one additional somatic mutation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Spraul
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Lynn
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Drack
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Grossniklaus
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D018325:Hemangioblastoma / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D019572:Retinal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D006623:von Hippel-Lindau Disease / Q000150:complications