title: Investigation of dopamine system genes in obsessive-compulsive disorder.
abstract: Evidence from anatomical, pharmacological, and animal studies on the involvement of the dopamine system in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is mounting. This, along with evidence for a genetic diathesis provided by family and twin studies, prompted us to conduct genetic association studies of dopamine system genes in OCD. We genotyped OCD patients (n > 100) and matched controls for four loci: (1) a 40-base-pair repeat in the dopamine transporter gene; (2) the TaqIA polymorphism and the serine/cysteine variation in the D2 dopamine receptor gene; (3) an MscI polymorphism in the D3 dopamine receptor gene; and (4) a 48-base-pair repeat in the D4 dopamine receptor gene. Significant differences in allele frequencies were found between patients and controls for the D4 receptor gene, although replication is required with family-based controls before any conclusions can be entertained. This study represents the first comprehensive assessment of the roles of dopamine system genes in OCD.
authors.affiliation: Neurogenetics Section, Clarke Institute of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Billett
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sam
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Swinson
authors.forename: X Y
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Badri
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Buchanan
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Kennedy
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D000483:Alleles; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000502:physiology*; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000235:genetics*; D050637:Receptors, Dopamine D3; D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D013981:Tic Disorders / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; C493593:DRD3 protein, human; C493599:DRD4 protein, human; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D050637:Receptors, Dopamine D3; D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4; D004298:Dopamine