title: Transfer of porcine MHC DRalpha into IEalpha-deficient murine bone marrow results in reduced IE-restricted Vbeta usage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation has proven effective for inducing specific tolerance to subsequent solid organ allografts, although the clinical applicability of this approach is limited by the morbidity and mortality associated with this procedure. As an alternative, we are investigating the transfer of allogeneic MHC class II genes into recipient bone marrow cells (BMC), using the miniature swine as a model.
  
  
  METHODS
  To understand the mechanism of tolerance induction achieved through class II gene transfer, BMC from C57BL/10 mice, which lack expression of the MHC class II DRalpha equivalent (H-2 IEalpha), were transduced with a retrovirus vector for swine DRalpha.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expression of the DRA-vector in bone marrow-derived cells was demonstrated by Northern analysis of colonies grown in vitro from transduced myeloid progenitors. Taking advantage of the fact that the introduced DRalpha chain was able to form heterodimers with endogenous IEbeta, surface expression of the transgene was demonstrated on splenocytes harvested 1, 17, and 28 weeks after bone marrow transplantation. Transgene expression was confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in the thymus of those animals killed at weeks 17 and 28. Finally, the effects of bone marrow transduction on central tolerance induction was demonstrated by the progressive decrease of IE-reactive T-cell clones bearing Vbeta5 and Vbeta11 T cell receptors in the peripheral blood cells of engineered recipients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results support the notion that transplantation tolerance, induced by class II gene transfer into syngeneic BMC, results in part from durable deletional unresponsiveness of graft-specific alloreactive T cells.
authors.affiliation: Transplantation Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston 02129, USA.
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Emery
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Germana
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Sachs
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: LeGuern
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D017353:Gene Deletion; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D005856:Germ-Free Life; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice / Q000235:genetics*; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL / Q000235:genetics; D016693:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta / Q000502:physiology*; D012190:Retroviridae / Q000235:genetics; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology; D018089:Superantigens / Q000276:immunology; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D016693:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta; D018089:Superantigens