title: Migration of human keratinocytes in electric fields requires growth factors and extracellular calcium.
abstract: Currents that leak out of wounds generate electric fields lateral to the wound. These fields induce directional locomotion of human keratinocytes in vitro and may promote wound healing in vivo. We have examined the effects of growth factors and calcium, normally present in culture medium and the wound fluid, on the directional migration of human keratinocytes in culture. In electric fields of physiologic strength (100 mV per mm), keratinocytes migrated directionally towards the cathode at a rate of about 1 microm per min. This directional migration requires several growth factors. In the absence of these growth factors, the cell migration rate decreased but directionality was maintained. Epidermal growth factor alone restored cell migration rates at concentrations as low as 0.2 ng per ml. Insulin at 5-100 microg per ml or bovine pituitary extract at 0.2%-2% vol/vol also stimulated keratinocyte motility but was not sufficient to fully restore the migration rate. Keratinocyte migration in electric fields requires extracellular calcium. Changes in calcium concentrations from 3 microM to 3.3 mM did not significantly change keratinocyte migration rate nor directionality in electric fields; however, addition of the chelator ethyleneglycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid to migration medium reduced, and eventually abolished, keratinocyte motility. Our results show that (i) growth factors and extracellular calcium are required for electric field-induced directional migration of human keratinocytes, and (ii) keratinocytes migrate equally well in low and high calcium media.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis 95616-8641, USA.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Farboud
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nuccitelli
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Isseroff
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002417:Cattle; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D004560:Electricity; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D008297:Male; D010907:Pituitary Hormones / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D006133:Growth Substances; D007328:Insulin; D010907:Pituitary Hormones; D002118:Calcium