title: A linear hexapeptide somatostatin antagonist blocks somatostatin activity in vitro and influences growth hormone release in rats.
abstract: Somatostatin (SRIF) is the main inhibitory peptide regulating growth hormone (GH) secretion. It has been difficult to establish the role of endogenous SRIF release in the absence of pure SRIF antagonists. Although several SRIF antagonists have recently been described, none have been shown to possess in vivo activity in the absence of added SRIF. Here, an SRIF antagonist with no detectable agonist activity has been identified from a synthetic combinatorial hexapeptide library containing 6.4 x 10(7) unique peptides. Each peptide in the library is amino-terminally acetylated and carboxyl-terminally amidated and consists entirely of D-amino acids. A SRIF-responsive yeast growth assay was used as a primary screening tool, and cAMP accumulation, competitive binding, and microphysiometry also were used to confirm and further characterize SRIF antagonist activity. The hexapeptide library was screened in stepwise iterative fashion to identify AC-178,335, a pure SRIF antagonist of the sequence Ac-hfirwf-NH2. This D-hexapeptide bound SRIF receptor type 2 with an affinity constant (Ki) of 172 +/- 12 nM, blocked SRIF inhibition of adenylate cyclase in vitro (IC50 = 5.1 +/- 1.4 microM), and induced GH release when given alone (50 micrograms intravenously) to anesthetized rats with or without pretreatment with a long-acting SRIF agonist.
authors.affiliation: Molecular and Cellular Biology, American Cyanamid Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA. baumbachb@pt.cyanamid.com
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Baumbach
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Carrick
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Pausch
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bingham
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Carmignac
authors.forename: I C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Houghten
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Eppler
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Zysk
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D002460:Cell Line; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C115893:AC 178335; D009842:Oligopeptides; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin; D013004:Somatostatin; D013006:Growth Hormone; C093733:somatostatin receptor 2; D000242:Cyclic AMP