title: Drug trafficking and drug use among urban African-American adolescents: a causal analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that involvement in drug trafficking leads to illicit drug use among urban African-American adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-reports of substance use, illicit drug use, and drug trafficking were obtained at baseline and every 6 months for 24 months from 383 African-American early adolescents. Transitions between involvement in drug trafficking and illicit drug use over time were examined. Path analysis was conducted to examine the causal relation between drug trafficking and drug use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 35 youth who were initially involved only in drug trafficking, 22 (67%) subsequently used illicit drugs. Of the 53 youth who were initially involved only in illicit drug use, only 19 (42%) continued using drugs at later waves (p < 0.05). Path analysis revealed that baseline drug trafficking had a strong effect on subsequent drug trafficking and drug use, whereas baseline drug use did not have an effect on subsequent drug use or drug trafficking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Initiation of drug trafficking by adolescents appears to lead to sustained involvement in drug-related activities, including continued drug trafficking and drug use. By contrast, initiation of drug use does not necessarily lead to continued involvement in drug-related behaviors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and Center for Minority Health Research, University of Maryland, Baltimore 21201, USA.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Feigelman
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stanton
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Galbraith
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D003415:Crime / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012309:Risk-Taking; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*