title: Development and evaluation of a new alcohol-based surgical hand scrub formulation with persistent antimicrobial characteristics and brushless application.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since the introduction in the 1970s of surgical hand scrub formulations that contain 4% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG), new surgical scrub formulations that have improved efficacy, persistence, or significantly improved use characteristics have not been forthcoming. In addition, the manufacturer's labeling for popular hand scrub products generally requires scrub times in excess of 6 minutes, whereas current practical needs call for products with substantially shorter scrub times. A new alcohol-based surgical scrub formulation, which has ingredients that provide emollient, surfactant, and antimicrobial persistence characteristics to complement the rapid and broad-spectrum antiseptic qualities of alcohol, has been developed in an effort to address these current practical needs.
  
  
  METHODS
  The relative efficacy of a new alcohol-based surgical scrub formulation that contains ingredients that provide surfactant and antimicrobial persistence characteristics was compared with that of commercial 4% CHG and 7.5% povidone iodine (PVPI) formulations with use of human subjects. Hand antimicrobial count sampling was performed by using standardized "glove juice" methodology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The efficacy and persistence results of the new formulation showed statistically significant improvement over both CHG and PVPI at a substantially lessened scrub time (3 minutes). In addition, use of the new formulation without a scrub brush produced results statistically similar to 3-minute applications with either a brush or a sponge.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The new alcohol-based formulation demonstrates promise as a new surgical hand scrub formulation with antimicrobial and use characteristics that are significantly improved over current CHG and PVPI formulations. These studies demonstrate the suitability of this formulation for use as a surgical hand scrub and for brushless application.
authors.affiliation: DPT Laboratories, San Antonio, TX 78215, USA.
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Hobson
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Woller
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Guthery
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000438:Alcohols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006235:Hand Disinfection / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D009873:Operating Rooms; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012106:Research; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration
chemical_list: D000438:Alcohols; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D003879:Dermatologic Agents; C010882:chlorhexidine gluconate; D002710:Chlorhexidine