title: Strategy for the retreatment of failed Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy: a case series.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy can be unsuccessful in 5 to 20% of patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the validity of a strategy using triple therapies for the retreatment of patients with eradication failure, avoiding retreatment with antibiotics prone to induce resistance after use in the first treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  From a consecutive sampling of 108 patients still Helicobacter pylori-positive after a first course of antibiotic-based treatment, 74 (68.5%) agreed to a second course of triple therapy. Group 1 (N = 17): treatment failures on an imidazole (1)-based therapy were retreated with clarithromycin (C)-based regimen; Group 2 (N = 28): failures on a C-based therapy with an I-based regimen; Group 3 (N = 7): failures on an IC-based therapy using an I-based regimen and Group 4 (N = 22): failures on a non-I/non-C based therapy with either an I-based, C-based or IC-based regimen. The presence of Helicobacter pylori was assessed by histology and the CLO-test at study entry and two months after stopping therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine patients were withdrawn from the study (12.2%) due to a lack of end point endoscopy. Helicobacter pylori was cured after the second course of therapy in all but seven patients [10.7% failure by Per Protocol analysis, 21.6% by Intention-To-Treat analysis]. No statistically significant differences were found between the four groups (Group 1: 92.9% PP, 76.5% ITT; Group 2: 90.9% PP, 71.4% ITT; Group 3: PP and ITT 85.7%; Group 4: PP and ITT 86.4%). Minor adverse events were experienced in nine, none of whom required withdrawal from the drug therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A second course of triple therapy with alternate antibiotics effectively eradicated Helicobacter pylori, with only very few treatment failures. This suggests that the therapeutic strategy employed may be recommended.
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Unit of Venezia, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Battaglia
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Di Mario
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vigneri
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vianello
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Benvenuti
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Donisi
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Stracca-Pansa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pasquino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017211:Treatment Failure