title: Plasma concentrations and effects of oral methylprednisolone are considerably increased by itraconazole.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Methylprednisolone is a widely used glucocorticoid. In this study, a possible interaction of itraconazole, a potent inhibitor of CYP3A4, with orally administered methylprednisolone was examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this double-blind, randomized, 2-phase crossover study, 10 healthy volunteers received either 200 mg itraconazole or placebo orally once a day for 4 days. On day 4, each subject ingested a dose of 16 mg methylprednisolone. Plasma concentrations of methylprednisolone, cortisol, itraconazole, and hydroxyitraconazole were determined by HPLC up to 24 hours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Itraconazole increased the total area under the plasma methylprednisolone concentration-time curve 3.9-fold compared with placebo (1968 +/- 470 ng.hr/mL versus 520 +/- 125 ng.hr/mL [mean +/- SD]; P < .001). The peak plasma concentration of methylprednisolone was increased 1.9-fold (221 +/- 49 ng/mL versus 118 +/- 25 ng/mL; P < .001), and its elimination half-life was increased 2.4-fold (4.4 +/- 0.7 hours versus 1.9 +/- 0.3 hours; P < .001) by itraconazole. The mean plasma cortisol concentration during the itraconazole phase, measured 24 hours after ingestion of methylprednisolone, was only about 13% of that during the placebo phase (18 +/- 23 ng/mL versus 139 +/- 60 ng/mL; P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Itraconazole considerably increases plasma concentrations and effects of oral methylprednisolone, probably by inhibiting its CYP3A4-mediated metabolism. Care should be taken if itraconazole or other potent inhibitors of CYP3A4 are used concomitantly with oral methylprednisolone, particularly during long-term use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Varis
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kaukonen
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Kivistö
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Neuvonen
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D017964:Itraconazole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D017964:Itraconazole; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; C104464:CYP3A protein, human; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; C510163:CYP3A4 protein, human; D008775:Methylprednisolone