title: Sensitivity of chondrocytes of growing cartilage to reactive oxygen species.
abstract: Vascular invasion of calcified cartilage, during endochondral ossification, is initiated and sustained by invasive cells (endothelial cells and macrophages) which degrade the tissue by releasing lytic enzymes. Concurrently, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are also released by these cells and we hypothesize that ROS also contribute to the degradation of the tissue. As a preliminary approach to this problem, the antioxidant activities and the effect of ROS on hypertrophic cartilage and chondrocytes (HCs) were investigated. Compared to resting or articular chondrocytes, HCs exhibited higher catalase but lower SOD specific activities and lower PHGPx concentration, thus revealing a defence activity specific against H2O2. Moreover, dose-dependent depletion of ATP occurred after few minutes of exposure to ROS, and a long-term treatment (16 h incubation with ROS) promoted the release of LDH activity and a significant variation of the poly- to mono-unsaturated fatty acid ratio. Finally, the incubation of HCs with low ROS doses induced the release of sedimentable alkaline phosphatase activity (matrix vesicles). How the obtained results fit the in vivo occurring events is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Trieste, L. Giorgieri 1, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fragonas
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pollesello
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mlinárik
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Toffanin
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grando
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Godeas
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vittur
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002356:Cartilage / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D010012:Osteogenesis; D000080662:Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D000080662:Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase