title: Effectiveness of a sonic toothbrush in maintenance of dental implants. A prospective study.
abstract: This study assessed the efficacy of a sonic and a manual toothbrush in reducing plaque and gingivitis around dental implants. Subjects were randomly assigned to either sonic (n = 16) or manual (n = 15) study groups. Groups were balanced according to baseline levels of plaque and gingivitis. The plaque (PI), gingival (GI), and bleeding (BI) indices as well as probing depths were determined at baseline, and at 4, 8, 12, and 24 week follow-up visits. Mean scores per person were calculated for each clinical parameter. Oral hygiene habits, compliance and acceptance were also evaluated over the study period. Within group comparisons from baseline throughout the study, as well as between group comparisons (i.e., sonic versus manual), were determined. Overall, plaque, gingival, and bleeding indices in both groups were lower at each follow-up visit when compared to the baseline. Within group comparisons demonstrated that both the sonic toothbrush subjects and the manual toothbrush subjects had significantly lower PI, GI, and BI scores at each post-baseline visit (4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks) than at baseline (p<0.005). In addition, the sonic toothbrush subjects also had significantly lower probing depths at each post-baseline visit than at baseline (p < 0.005). Between group comparisons demonstrated that the sonic toothbrush subjects over time had significantly lower PI and BI scores around dental implants than the manual toothbrush subjects (Repeated measures MANOVA; PI, p = 0.01; BI, p = 0.017). The sonic toothbrush subjects had lower GI scores and reduced probing depths over time when compared to manual toothbrush subjects but these scores were not statistically significant (GI; probing depth, p > 0.05). No implant problems (e.g., loose screws) were attributable to the sonic toothbrush. Relevant to oral hygiene habits, subjects in both groups demonstrated a high level of compliance with their assigned toothbrush. Overall, the results of this study demonstrated that sonic toothbrushing significantly reduced plaque, gingival inflammation and bleeding, and probing pocket depths around implants over the 6-month trial period. It is concluded that sonic brushing is an effective means of dental implant maintenance.
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Division of Periodontology, Minneapolis 55455, USA. wolff001@maroon.tc.umn.edu
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wolff
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nunn
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bakdash
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hinrichs
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000382:microbiology*; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000517:prevention & control; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D005260:Female; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009911:Oral Hygiene Index; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010512:Periodontal Index; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013010:Sonication; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants