title: [Dopamine D2 and D4 receptor genes distinguish the clinical presence of tics in obsessive-compulsive disorder].
abstract: An allelic association study between dopamine receptor gene polymorphisms D2 (DRD2) and D4 (DRD4), in obsessive-compulsive patients (OCD) with or without chronic motor or vocal tics (OCD+ or OCD-) was performed. Molecular genotypes were obtained using the polymerase chain reaction method (PCR) in 66 patients diagnosed according DSMIV criteria, 12/66 OCD patients presented tics, 54 Control subjects were also typed. OCD patients with tics compared to control had a higher frequency of TaqI A2 allele (p = 0.014); and an excess of homozygous individuals A2A2 (p = 0.001). In DRD4 genes polymorphisms, allele 7 showed a higher prevalence and frequency in those OCD+ tics compared to OCD- tics (91% vs. 48%). Most of the OCD patients with tics compared to those without tics showed an increased frequency of the DRD2-A2 (58% vs 27% respectively, p = 0.048) as well as an increased frequency of the DRD4-7-fold variant (48% in OCD with tics vs 9% in OCD without tics, p = 0.018). Similarly, when both alleles were combined (at least one copy of DRD2-A2 and DRD4-R7), patients with tics showed a higher frequency of this haplotype (83.3% vs. 40%, p = 0.016). OCD patients with tics may represent a different clinical and genetic subtype of the disorder.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética, Instituto Mexicano de Psiquiatría, México D.F., México. hnicolia@mailer.main.mx
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nicolini
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Páez
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Camarena
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000235:genetics*; D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4; D013981:Tic Disorders / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: C493599:DRD4 protein, human; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4
vernacular_title: Los genes de los receptores a dopamina D2 y D4 distinguen la presencia clínica de tics en el trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo.