title: Effect of troglitazone on microalbuminuria in patients with incipient diabetic nephropathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although some studies have suggested a direct action of troglitazone on vascular cells, its effects on diabetic vascular diseases have not been reported. We therefore investigated the effect of troglitazone on microalbuminuria in patients with incipient diabetic nephropathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 30 patients with type 2 diabetes associated with microalbuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio [ACR] [milligrams per gram creatinine] ranging from 30 to 300 mg/g creatinine) were studied. They were randomly divided into two groups: patients treated with metformin (500 mg/day, n = 13) or with troglitazone (400 mg/day, n = 17) for 12 weeks. ACR, lipid profile, blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin, and plasma glucose during meal-load tests were measured every 4 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anthropometric indices (BMI and percent fat), lipid profile, and blood pressure did not change with either treatment. Fasting and postmeal glucose levels decreased similarly in the two groups. Decrements in glycated hemoglobin were greater in the metformin group at 4 and 8 weeks after the initiation of treatment (P < 0.05). Troglitazone reduced ACR (median [25-75th percentiles]) from 70 (49-195) to 40 (31-90) mg/g creatinine at 4 weeks (P = 0.021) and maintained these reduced levels throughout the treatment period (8 weeks: 35 [26-68], P = 0.007; 12 weeks: 43 [26-103], P = 0.047). Metformin did not change ACR throughout the 12 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Troglitazone ameliorated microalbuminuria in diabetic nephropathy. Furthermore, our findings suggest that troglitazone has some effects on vascular cells other than lowering plasma glucose levels. Troglitazone might be useful for diabetic angiopathy, including nephropathy and coronary artery disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolic Disease, Osaka Prefectural General Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Imano
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanda
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakatani
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Motomura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kajimoto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamasaki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hori
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D002839:Chromans / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000652:urine*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008687:Metformin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D000077288:Troglitazone
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; D002784:Cholesterol; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D002839:Chromans; D003404:Creatinine; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D008687:Metformin; D013844:Thiazoles; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D014280:Triglycerides; D000077288:Troglitazone