title: Frequency and significance of anemia in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Retrospective evaluation of anemia frequency and its prognostic value in patients with different subtypes of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and comparison with other clinical characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anemia was defined as a hemoglobin value less than or equal to 12 g/dl for all men and women over 50 years of age, and less than or equal to 11 g/dl for women under 50 years of age. The study included 1077 adult lymphoma patients treated between 1980 and 1995 with the following histologic subtypes: 127 patients with small lymphocytic or lymphoplasmacytoid, 62 with marginal zone, 50 with mantle-cell, 208 with follicular, 104 with T-cell lymphoma, 426 with diffuse large-cell and, finally, 73 patients with other high-grade lymphomas.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anemia was present in 341 patients (32%). It was an adverse prognostic factor (P < 0.0001) for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) but not for relapse-free survival (RFS). When patients with and those without bone marrow involvement were considered separately, anemia remained an adverse factor. Anemia was significantly associated with shorter PFS in small lymphocytic or lymphoplasmacytoid, mantle cell, diffuse large cell and high-grade lymphomas and with shorter OS in all histologic subgroups except marginal zone lymphoma. In multivariate analysis, anemia was a significant prognostic factor for OS and PFS for the population as a whole (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.0048, respectively) and in patients with bone marrow involvement (P = 0.007 and P = 0.005, respectively) but not in patients without bone marrow involvement. Finally, the addition of anemia to the International Prognostic Index led to an improvement for OS (P = 0.0004) and PFS (P = 0.0004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anemia is an important adverse prognostic factor for the outcome of lymphoma patients, particularly in some histologic subgroups and in patients with bone marrow involvement.
authors.affiliation: Service d'hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices civils de Lyon, France.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Moullet
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Salles
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ketterer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dumontet
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bouafia
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Neidhart-Berard
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thieblemont
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Felman
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Coiffier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000740:Anemia / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis