title: Urinary IL-6 is elevated in patients with urolithiasis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the possible role of cytokines interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-1alpha and IL-6 in patients with urolithiasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-six patients currently with stone disease, 63 patients with bacterial cystitis, and 66 normal individuals were evaluated for urinary IL-1alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6. Clean catch urine samples were obtained and evaluated for cytokine levels using enzyme immunoassays for the respective cytokines. Statistical analysis of the results was carried out using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Newman-Keuls test and the chi-squared test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients with stone disease had significant elevations in IL-6 (p value< 10(-7)) relative to normal subjects. The levels of IL-6 in stone patients were lower than those of patients with bacterial cystitis. Neither IL-1beta nor IL-1alpha was elevated in stone patients relative to normals. By contrast, bacterial cystitis patients showed significant elevations in all three cytokines relative to normal subjects. Chi-squared analysis confirmed that stone patients had elevated IL-6 without elevation in either IL-1alpha or IL-1beta relative to normal subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stone patients show significant elevations in IL-6 without marked increases in either IL-1beta or alpha relative to normal subjects. This elevation in IL-6 is not from infection as is seen in bacterial cystitis subjects. The elevation in IL-6 may be useful in the understanding of the pathogenesis of urolithiasis or as a potential marker for stone disease and we are currently investigating these possibilities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Los Angeles, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rhee
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Santiago
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lad
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Bellman
mesh_terms: D003556:Cystitis / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000652:urine; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000652:urine*; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6