title: [Functional evaluation of shoes for children based on gait analysis of children in the learning to walk stage].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although gait patterns of children are well described in gait analysis studies for barefoot gait, loading patterns in gait with shoes have not been analysed compared to barefoot gait.
  
  
  METHODS
  30 children (age 1.8 to 4.8 years) were examined. Ground reaction forces were recorded using two series connected Kistler plates, taking the 3D coordinates and the time coordinate. The gait aspect was recorded using a video system. Three shoe types were tested against each other and against barefoot gait.
  
  
  RESULTS
  1399 gait cycles, 739 barefoot, 660 with shoes were usable for calculation. Statistic analyses comparing barefoot gait to gait with shoes showed: A significant increase in ground contact duration, a shifting of maximal load from the rear towards the midfoot area, a significant increased maximal load, a cushioning of the initial impact at primary ground contact. A comparison between the shoes showed no significant influence of a medial subtalar orthotic support.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Shoes cause a significant change of loading patterns. But there are also significant differences between different shoe types.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Shoes for children must provide a stabilisation for the hindfoot, and must not restrict motion in the areas of the ankle and the metatatrsophalangeal joints. The amount of load in the different gait phases must be considered for the construction of a dynamic shoe for children.
authors.affiliation: Orthopädische Abteilung Donauspital/SMZ Ost, Wien.
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kristen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kastner
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Holzreiter
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Engel
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot / Q000254:growth & development; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012775:Shoes / Q000592:standards*; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology*
vernacular_title: Funktionelle Beurteilung von Kinderschuhen anhand der Ganganalyse von Kindern im Lauflernalter.