title: Intravesical resiniferatoxin for the treatment of detrusor hyperreflexia refractory to capsaicin in patients with chronic spinal cord diseases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Resiniferatoxin (RTX), a substance isolated from some species of Euphorbia, a cactus-like plant, shows pharmacological effects similar to those of capsaicin. We have studied the possibility of treating detrusor hyperreflexia refractory to intravesical capsaicin in patients with chronic spinal cord injuries, thereby providing insight into the mechanism of action of RTX on sensory neurons and its possible future pharmacological and clinical use.
  
  
  METHODS
  RTX saline solution (30 ml at a concentration of 10(-5) M) was instilled into the bladder of 7 patients with detrusor hyperreflexia, refractory to intravesical capsaicin therapy, and left in place for 30 min. Effects on bladder function were monitored during the treatment and at follow-up (15 days and 4 weeks later).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen days after RTX, the mean cystomanometric capacity increased significantly from 190 ml +/- 20 ml to 407.14 ml +/- 121.06 (p < 0.01), and it remained high four weeks later (421.66 +/- 74.40 p < 0.01). After 15 days, four patients had a pharmacologically induced detrusor areflexia. They emptied their bladders by clean intermittent catheterization. After four weeks, only two patients still had a pharmacologically induced detrusor areflexia. Clinically, three patients remained dry, and the other three reported a significant improvement in their incontinence and symptoms (frequency, urgency and nocturia).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By interfering with sensory unmyelinated fibers, intravesical RTX seems to be a promising treatment option for selected cases of detrusor hyperreflexia. The ideal dosage and treatment interval have not yet been established, and further studies are necessary to confirm our preliminary results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lazzeri
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spinelli
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Beneforti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zanollo
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Turini
mesh_terms: D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000328:Adult; D002211:Capsaicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012021:Reflex, Abnormal; D013118:Spinal Cord Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D013997:Time Factors; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000294:innervation; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004224:Diterpenes; D009498:Neurotoxins; C024353:resiniferatoxin; D002211:Capsaicin