title: The neuromuscular effects of mivacurium in adults with priming technique during nitrous oxide-fentanyl anesthesia: a randomized comparative study with succinylcholine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We investigated the neuromuscular effects of equipotent dose (3 x ED90) of mivacurium either given as a single bolus or under the influence of priming technique, comparing with that of succinylcholine in adults undergoing elective surgery during nitrous oxide-narcotic anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty ASA class I patients of either sex with age between 16 to 49 years were randomly assigned to 3 groups for a trial of mivacurium under nitrous oxide-narcotic anesthesia. Group I (non-priming group, n = 20) received mivacurium 0.25 mg/kg straight as a single intubating dose; Group II (priming group, n = 20) received an intubating dose of 0.225 mg/kg mivacurium which was preceded by 0.025 mg/kg 3 min earlier; and Group III received an intubating bolus of succinylcholine 1 mg/kg. Thenar electromyogram response to supramaximal train-of-four stimulation of the ulnar nerve at 12-s intervals was used to determine neuromuscular blockade. Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded before and at 1-min interval for 3 min after injection of drugs. Data were presented as mean +/- standard deviation. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The onset time of mivacurium was accelerated by priming procedure in comparison with the nonpriming technique (2.0 min vs. 2.7 min), but it was much slower than that of succinylcholine (0.8 min). The priming procedure did not influence the duration of action or recovery. Side effects of mivacurium, such as cutaneous flushing and hypotension, were minimal at this dose in our patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Priming technique (with 10% of the total dose as the priming dose, and 3 min as the priming interval) can hasten the onset of mivacurium in adults during nitrous oxide-narcotic anesthesia without influencing the duration of action and recovery time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lur
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Hsiao
authors.forename: T Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Tsai
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000009:adverse effects; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000009:adverse effects; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects; D004576:Electromyography / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077590:Mivacurium; D009467:Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000009:adverse effects; D013390:Succinylcholine / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D007546:Isoquinolines; D009467:Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; D000077590:Mivacurium; D013390:Succinylcholine; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D005283:Fentanyl