title: Retroviral vector-mediated gene transfer into keratocytes in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the potential of somatic gene transfer as a technique for modulating corneal wound healing after superficial keratectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The transduction of human and rabbit keratocytes with beta-galactosidase and herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase genes was performed. In vitro, human and rabbit keratocytes were transduced with retroviral vectors bearing beta-galactosidase or HStk (herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase) genes. In vivo, rabbit keratocytes were transduced by topical application of vector supernatant after a superficial keratectomy. In vitro and in vivo, expression of the beta-galactosidase gene was examined with histochemical staining. In vitro, ganciclovir cytotoxicity in HStk gene-transduced keratocytes and bystander effect in co-cultures of HStk(+) and HStk(-) keratocytes were measured by determining the degree of confluency of cells in 6-well plates after 10 days of incubation. Corneal haze in rabbits was measured after transduction with Hstk and subsequent treatment with topical ganciclovir.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vitro, both human and rabbit keratocytes were transduced successfully with both beta-galactosidase and HStk genes. Transduction efficiency was greater with human (22%) than with rabbit (16%) cells, and both HStk-transduced cell lines showed dose-dependent ganciclovir cytotoxicity and a significant bystander effect. In vivo, expression of beta-galactosidase within vimentin-positive corneal stromal cells confirmed transduction of keratocytes in the rabbit after superficial stromal keratectomy with an efficiency of 25% to 40%. Postoperative application of topical ganciclovir reduced corneal stromal haze in rabbits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ability to genetically transduce stromal keratocytes provides a new strategy for understanding the important cellular and molecular events that influence corneal wound healing, thus offering a potential approach to decrease or prevent corneal haze and scarring after superficial keratectomy.
authors.affiliation: Doheny Eye Institute and the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90033, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Seitz
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Baktanian
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: McDonnell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003319:Corneal Stroma / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000821:virology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D015774:Ganciclovir / Q000494:pharmacology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000201:enzymology; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D011817:Rabbits; D012190:Retroviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D013937:Thymidine Kinase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D014764:Viral Proteins; D013937:Thymidine Kinase; D001616:beta-Galactosidase; D015774:Ganciclovir