title: Left ventricular ejection fraction in children measured by three-dimensional echocardiography using a new transthoracic integrated 3D-probe. A comparison with equilibrium radionuclide angiography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Three-dimensional echocardiography allows calculation of left ventricular ejection fraction without geometric assumption on the ventricular shape. Our aim was to validate this technique in a paediatric population with distorted ventricles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one patients aged 6 months to 17 years underwent equilibrium radionuclide angiography and three-dimensional echocardiography. Fourteen patients had dilated cardiomyopathy and seven had univentricular hearts. A new, easy to handle, transthoracic rotational probe was used and motion artefacts were limited during the rotation (3 degrees intervals with ECG and respiratory gating). Left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction were calculated using the Simpson's rule with 12 slices.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three-dimensional echocardiography correlated well with equilibrium radionuclide angiography for ejection fraction measurement (r = 0.90; the mean difference between the two methods being 3.8 +/- 6%). Intra-observer and inter-observer variabilities for 3D echocardiography were 2.4% and 4.5%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Three-dimensional echocardiography is an accurate, non-invasive, and reproducible methods to measure left ventricular ejection fraction in children.
authors.affiliation: Cardiologie Pédiatrique et de, Hôpital Necker/Enfants-malades, Paris, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Acar
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maunoury
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Antonietti
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bonnet
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sidi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kachaner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D015637:Gated Blood-Pool Imaging; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D018636:Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007223:Infant; D015588:Observer Variation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013318:Stroke Volume; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*