title: Primary sinonasal mucosal melanoma: three different therapeutic approaches to inoperable local disease or recurrence and a review of the literature.
abstract: Sinonasal melanoma is an uncommon disease with a bad prognosis and a high local recurrence rate. The use of radiotherapy in such conditions remains controversial. A review of the literature is presented in an attempt to answer some of the questions regarding therapeutic options. Data on incidence, aetiology, pathology and prognosis are also provided. Case studies are reported of three patients with sinonasal melanoma referred to our department in a relatively short time period and needing radiotherapy as a single treatment modality, using a conformal three-dimensional treatment technique. One patient was also treated with temporary 1251 seeds, while another was treated using intensity modulation. Both intensity modulation and temporary 1251 seeds are feasible techniques, providing satisfactory dose distributions encompassing the tumour volume while sparing critical structures. Surgery remains the treatment of choice for sinonasal melanoma. Radiotherapy should be used postoperatively and is a good alternative in cases of inoperable disease. Adjacent critical structures limit the radiation dose to the tumour area, especially when high fraction doses are used. Therefore, beam intensity modulation and 1251 seeds can be used to increase the tumour dose without exceeding the radiation tolerance of the surrounding structures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy, University Hospital, Gent, Belgium.
authors.forename: G O
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: De Meerleer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vermeersch
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Eijkeren
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lemmerling
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Caemaert
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: De Naeyer
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Delrue
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moerman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huys
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009297:Nasal Mucosa; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D010255:Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*