title: Laminar shear stress-induced GRO mRNA and protein expression in endothelial cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The shear stress induced by blood flow may play a pivotal role in the induction or prevention of atherosclerosis by changing endothelial functions. To disclose the mechanisms of this change, we prepared an endothelial cell (EC) cDNA library to select specific clones expressed in response to shear stress.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mRNA of cultured confluent bovine aortic ECs (BAECs) subjected to steady laminar shear stress (30 dyne/cm2) for 4 hours was separated, and a cDNA library was prepared. Nine clones whose expressions were specifically enhanced by the shear stress were selected by use of a differential hybridization method. One clone had 94% homology at the nucleotide sequence level to Oryctolagus cuniculus gro (GRO) mRNA and 79% homology at the amino acid sequence level to human GRO-beta. The GRO mRNA expression was increased in both BAECs and human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs) after the ECs were subjected to high (30 dyne/cm2) and low (5 dyne/cm2) laminar shear stress. GRO-alpha and/or -beta protein expression also increased after the HUVECs and BAECs were subjected to shear stress. Because GRO protein has been shown to function as an adhesion factor of monocytes on the surface of ECs, we studied whether shear stress-induced monocyte adhesion was caused by GRO protein expression on ECs. The 4-hour shear stress enhanced monocyte adhesion to ECs by 2.5-fold over control levels, and this enhancement was inhibited by 53% by anti-GRO-alpha antibody.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study is the first report that shear stress induced the expression of GRO mRNA and protein in ECs and enhanced the monocyte adhesion on ECs via GRO protein. Further investigations of the functions and participation in atherogenesis of this selected clone may clarify the significance of shear stress on atherogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hagiwara
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mitsumata
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamane
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshida
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D054426:Chemokine CXCL2; D018925:Chemokines; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D002630:Chemotactic Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical
chemical_list: C475896:CXCL1 protein, Bos taurus; C475829:CXCL1 protein, human; C499706:CXCL2 protein, human; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D054426:Chemokine CXCL2; D018925:Chemokines; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D002630:Chemotactic Factors; D006133:Growth Substances; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger