title: Detection of xanthine oxidase activity products by EPR and HPLC in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
abstract: Xanthine oxidase (xanthine: oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.3.22), a molybdenum-containing hydroxylase that produces superoxide and uric acid from purine substrates and molecular oxygen, is involved in the oxidative stress underlying several human pathologies including lung diseases. An enzymatic activity similar to xanthine oxidase was previously reported in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD-BAL), by fluorometric analysis of DNA unwinding and cytochrome c reduction kinetics. Here we report the detection of xanthine oxidase activity products by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) in presence of the spin-trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) in COPD-BAL (n = 14, average age of patients 65 years, range 38-81) and BAL from healthy nonsmoker controls (n = 6, average age 64 years, range 44-73). Superoxide DMPO adducts were detected in COPD-BAL and in an in vitro system containing xanthine and xanthine oxidase (XA/XO), but not in BAL controls and when superoxide dismutase (SOD, 1000 I.U./ml) was added to COPD-BAL. The HPLC analyses after addition of xanthine showed production of uric acid in COPD-BAL and in the XA/XO system but not in BAL controls. These results support the involvement of xanthine oxidase in the mechanisms of superoxide production by BAL supernatant, which increases oxidative stress in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology (Evolutionary Biology Branch), University of Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pinamonti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barbieri
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Leoni
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muzzoli
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sostero
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Chicca
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carrieri
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ravenna
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Fabbri
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ciaccia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides; D003574:Cytochrome c Group / Q000378:metabolism; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008173:Lung Diseases, Obstructive / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D013113:Spin Labels; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides; D003574:Cytochrome c Group; D013113:Spin Labels; D013481:Superoxides; C017245:5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase