title: Normal liver, spleen, and kidney dimensions in neonates, infants, and children: evaluation with sonography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to determine the normal range of dimensions for the liver, spleen, and kidney in healthy neonates, infants, and children.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective study involved 307 pediatric subjects (169 girls and 138 boys) with normal physical or sonographic findings who were examined because of problems unrelated to the measured organs. The subjects were 5 days to 16 years old. All measured organs were sonographically normal. At least two dimensions were obtained for each liver, spleen, and kidney. Relationships of the dimensions of these organs with sex, age, body weight, height, and body surface area were investigated. Suggested limits of normal dimensions were defined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dimensions of the measured organs were not statistically different in boys and girls. Longitudinal dimensions of all three organs showed the best correlation with age, body weight, height, and body surface area. Height showed the strongest correlation of all. This correlation was a polynomial correlation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Determination of pathologic changes in size of the liver, spleen, and kidney necessitates knowing the normal range of dimensions for these organs in healthy neonates, infants, and children. Presented data are applicable in daily routine sonography. Body height should be considered the best criteria to correlate with longitudinal dimensions of these organs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: O L
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Konuş
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ozdemir
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akkaya
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Erbaş
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Celik
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Işik
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values; D013154:Spleen / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography