title: Motor and learning dysfunction during postnatal development in mice defective in dopamine neuronal transmission.
abstract: Mice lacking expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the catecholamine biosynthetic pathway, in dopaminergic neuronal cell types were generated by a transgenic rescue approach to clarify the role of dopamine signaling during postnatal development. Introduction of the TH transgene directed by the dopamine beta-hydroxylase gene promoter into TH knockout mice restored noradrenaline and adrenaline synthesis, preventing perinatal lethality and cardiac dysfunction in the knockout mice. Lack of TH expression in the cells that normally express the dopaminergic phenotype resulted in a marked reduction of dopamine accumulation in the tissues, which led to multiple behavioral abnormalities at the juvenile stage. These abnormalities were characterized by a reduction in spontaneous locomotor activity, blockade of methamphetamine-induced hyperactivity, cataleptic behavior, and defects in active avoidance learning. In contrast, development of the pituitary gland as well as production and secretion of the pituitary peptide hormones dependent on hypothalamic dopaminergic control were normally maintained, despite defective dopamine synthesis. These results demonstrate that dopamine neurotransmission is essential for controlling spontaneous and voluntary movement and associative learning during postnatal development through the nigrostriatal and mesocorticolimbic pathways.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishii
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matsushita
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sawada
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mamiya
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nabeshima
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nagatsu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hata
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kiuchi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshizato
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagatsu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning; D001921:Brain / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004298:Dopamine / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009043:Motor Activity; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D011388:Prolactin / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D009435:Synaptic Transmission; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000521:alpha-MSH / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines; D000521:alpha-MSH; D011388:Prolactin; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; D004298:Dopamine