title: Effects of d-amphetamine and caffeine in humans under a cocaine discrimination procedure.
abstract: This study examined further the pharmacological specificity of an oral cocaine discriminative stimulus in humans. Five male cocaine-abusing volunteers (two African-American/three Caucasian) were trained to discriminate between a low dose of cocaine hydrochloride (80 mg/70 kg, p.o.) and placebo. Once the criterion for discrimination was met (i.e. > or = 80% correct responding for four consecutive sessions), dose-effect curves were determined for the dopamine reuptake inhibitor cocaine (20, 40, 80, 120 mg/70 kg, p.o.), the indirect dopamine agonist d-amphetamine (5, 10, 20 mg/70 kg, p.o.) and the adenosine antagonist caffeine (150, 300, 600 mg/70 kg, p.o.). Cocaine, d-amphetamine and caffeine each produced dose-related increases in cocaine-appropriate responding. Each compound produced at least a trend towards increases in a few stimulant-like self-reports and vital signs. When the relationship between cocaine-appropriate responding and self-reports were examined, cocaine and d-amphetamine, but not caffeine, had a similar profile of significant associations between discriminative performance and stimulant-like self-reports. These results suggest that, although the cocaine discriminative stimulus (80 mg/70 kg) is not specific only to stimulants with primarily dopaminergic actions, its pharmacological specificity may be more clearly defined when the relationship between discrimination and self-reports is examined.
authors.affiliation: Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. oliveto.alison_h@west-haven.va.gov
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Oliveto
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: McCance-Katz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singha
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hameedi
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Kosten
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003042:Cocaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003913:Dextroamphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004193:Discrimination Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D004192:Discrimination, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects*; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005795:Generalization, Stimulus; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D002110:Caffeine; D003042:Cocaine; D003913:Dextroamphetamine