Technical note: a blind test of mandibular ramus flexure as a morphologic indicator of sexual dimorphism in the human skeleton.
Loth and Henneberg (1996, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 99:473-487) identified a single morphological feature of the mandible, the presence or absence of a distinct flexure or angulation of the posterior margin of the mandibular ramus at the level of the occlusal plane, which appears to be an extraordinarily accurate predictor of sex. Using only this feature, Loth and Henneberg were able to predict sex with 94% accuracy in a large sample of mandibles. In this article, we report the results of a blind test of mandibular ramus flexure as a predictor of sex. In our blind test, only 62.5% of the mandibles were correctly sexed, and virtually identical results were obtained when the same sample of mandibles was examined by a second observer. Overall, our results demonstrate that: 1) the association between ramus flexure and sex is weak; 2) the predictive accuracy of Loth and Henneberg's method is better than chance for only one sex, males; and 3) the method is based on a trait that cannot be reliably or consistently identified.
Donnelly
S M
SM
Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112, USA. steven.donnelly@anthro.utah.edu
Hens
S M
SM
Rogers
N L
NL
Schneider
K L
KL
D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D018732:Forensic Anthropology / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012727:Sex Characteristics