title: The fucosylation index of alpha-fetoprotein as a possible prognostic indicator for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to elucidate the usefulness of measuring the fucosylation index (FI) of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) before the initiation of therapy as a new prognostic indicator for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred twelve patients with HCC who underwent transcatheter arterial embolization, chemoembolization, and/or percutaneous ethanol injection were examined in the current study. FI was determined by crossed immunoaffino-electrophoresis in the presence of Lens culinaris agglutinin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When the tentative discriminating value of FI was set at 18%, the mean survival rate for the group whose FI was higher than 18% was significantly lower than that for the group whose FI was equal to or less than 18%, according to the generalized Wilcoxon test (P = 0.0117) and the log rank test (P = 0.0183). The survival rate for HCC patients with AFP concentrations of more than 200 ng/mL was also significantly lower than that for patients with AFP in the range of 21-200 ng/mL, according to the generalized Wilcoxon test (P = 0.0017) and the log rank test (P = 0.0018). When FI was combined with AFP concentration, a highly significant difference was observed between the group with FI >18% and AFP >200 ng/mL and another group with FI < or =18% and AFP < or =200 ng/mL, as determined by the generalized Wilcoxon test (P < 0.0001) and the log rank test (P = 0.0003). An analysis of multiple covariates in the prognostic factors with the Cox proportional hazards model showed that FI was one of the independent prognostic factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study indicates that measuring FI from sera before the initiation of treatment serves as a new prognostic factor and may improve prognostic estimates and appraisal of therapeutic outcomes for patients with HCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aoyagi
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Isokawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Asakura
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015415:Biomarkers; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005647:Fucosyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011379:Prognosis; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000378:metabolism; D011516:Prothrombin / Q000378:metabolism; D015996:Survival Rate; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D011498:Protein Precursors; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins; C008208:acarboxyprothrombin; D011516:Prothrombin; D005647:Fucosyltransferases