title: Human pathogenic virus-associated pseudolymphomas and lymphomas with primary cutaneous manifestation in humans and animals.
abstract: The etiologic role of viruses in cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders is still controversial. In benign cutaneous pseudolymphomas of the human skin, human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus (HTLV) type I (HTLV-I), varicella zoster virus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and human herpesvirus (HHV) 6 (HHV-6) are the viruses most often identified, whereas in malignant lymphoproliferation human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), HTLV-I/II, and EBV are more common. Coinfections with more than one virus species have occurred in a number of cases. HHV-8 in association with a lymphoproliferative lesion appears to be indicative of a malignant cutaneous lymphoma rather than of pseudolymphoma. Negative results are of no diagnostic value because of the relatively low number of virus-positive cases: a considerable proportion of studies (with a large number of subjects) have documented virus-negative findings. Perhaps with the exception of HIV-1, findings of viral infections seem to indicate secondary rather than primary infections. Reports on animal models associated with human pathogenic viruses are scarce.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Cologne Medical School, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Linder
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Schulze
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Krueger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006564:Herpesviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006566:Herpesviridae Infections / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D016393:Lymphoma, B-Cell / Q000150:complications / Q000821:virology; D016410:Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous / Q000821:virology*; D019310:Pseudolymphoma / Q000150:complications / Q000821:virology*; D012327:RNA Virus Infections / Q000150:complications; D012328:RNA Viruses / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000821:virology*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000821:virology*; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000150:complications*