title: The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors olomoucine and roscovitine arrest human fibroblasts in G1 phase by specific inhibition of CDK2 kinase activity.
abstract: The specificity and the temporal location of cell cycle arrest induced by the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors olomoucine and roscovitine were investigated in normal human fibroblasts. Effects on the cell cycle were compared with those induced by the kinase inhibitor staurosporine, which arrests normal cells in early G1 phase by acting upstream of CDK2. Consistent with their in vitro activity, olomoucine and roscovitine, but not the related compound iso-olomoucine, induced a dose-dependent arrest in G1 phase. Following removal of CDK inhibitors, cells resumed cycle progression entering S phase with a kinetics faster than staurosporine-treated samples. Cellular levels of PCNA, cyclin D1, and cyclin E were not affected by the CDK inhibitors. In contrast, staurosporine significantly reduced the levels of these proteins, as determined by immunocytometry and Western blot analysis. Cyclin A was detectable only in some cells remaining in the G2 + M compartment of samples treated with CDK inhibitors, but not in samples treated with staurosporine. Significant reduction in the hyperphosphorylated forms of retinoblastoma protein was found in samples treated with CDK inhibitors, while only hypophosphorylated forms were observed in staurosporine-treated samples. Concomitantly, CDK2, but not CDK4, activity immunoprecipitated from cells treated with olomoucine or roscovitine was markedly inhibited. These results suggest that in normal cells, CDK2 kinase activity is the specific target of olomoucine and roscovitine.
authors.affiliation: Centro di Studio per l'Istochimica del CNR, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alessi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Quarta
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Savio
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Riva
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Stivala
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Scovassi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Meijer
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Prosperi
mesh_terms: D042846:CDC2-CDC28 Kinases; D002460:Cell Line; D019926:Cyclin B / Q000378:metabolism; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000378:metabolism; D019927:Cyclin E / Q000378:metabolism; D051357:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D016193:G1 Phase; D006801:Humans; D007701:Kinetin; D010766:Phosphorylation; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D011687:Purines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D000077546:Roscovitine
chemical_list: D019926:Cyclin B; D019927:Cyclin E; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D011687:Purines; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein; D000077546:Roscovitine; D019938:Cyclin D1; C090046:olomoucine; D004247:DNA; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D042846:CDC2-CDC28 Kinases; C495894:CDK2 protein, human; C495900:CDK4 protein, human; D051357:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases; D007701:Kinetin