title: Chrysamine-G, a lipophilic analogue of Congo red, inhibits A beta-induced toxicity in PC12 cells.
abstract: Increasing evidence suggests that deposition of amyloid-beta (A beta) peptide leads to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Congo red, a histologic dye that binds to amyloid has previously been shown to diminish the toxic effects of A beta in cell culture. Since Congo red is too highly charged to enter the brain in significant quantities, a lipophilic derivative, Chrysamine-G, was tested for the ability to attenuate A beta[25-35]-induced toxicity in PC12 cells using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Chrysamine-G showed a concentration-dependent inhibition of A beta[25-35]-induced toxicity. This protective effect became significant at 0.2 microM, a concentration very close to the Ki for Chrysamine-G binding to synthetic A beta (0.37 microM). A decarboxy derivative of Chrysamine-G, which does not bind to A beta, also did not protect against A beta-induced toxicity. The protective effects of Chrysamine-G may relate to its ability to bind directly to A beta and may involve other post-binding effects as well.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, PA 15261, USA. klunkwe@msx.upmc.edu
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Klunk
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Debnath
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Koros
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Pettegrew
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D001565:Benzoates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003224:Congo Red / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D004336:Drug Antagonism; D006801:Humans; D016716:PC12 Cells; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D001565:Benzoates; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003224:Congo Red; C092559:chrysamine G