title: A comparison of repeated high doses and repeated standard doses of epinephrine for cardiac arrest outside the hospital. European Epinephrine Study Group.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clinical trials have not shown a benefit of high doses of epinephrine in the management of cardiac arrest. We conducted a prospective, multicenter, randomized study comparing repeated high doses of epinephrine with repeated standard doses in cases of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult patients who had cardiac arrest outside the hospital were enrolled if the cardiac rhythm continued to be ventricular fibrillation despite the administration of external electrical shocks, or if they had asystole or pulseless electrical activity at the time epinephrine was administered. We randomly assigned 3327 patients to receive up to 15 high doses (5 mg each) or standard doses (1 mg each) of epinephrine according to the current protocol for advanced cardiac life support.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the high-dose group, 40.4 percent of 1677 patients had a return of spontaneous circulation, as compared with 36.4 percent of 1650 patients in the standard-dose group (P=0.02); 26.5 percent of the patients in the high-dose group and 23.6 percent of those in the standard-dose group survived to be admitted to the hospital (P=0.05); 2.3 percent of the patients in the high-dose group and 2.8 percent in the standard-dose group survived to be discharged from the hospital (P=0.34). There was no significant difference in neurologic status according to treatment among those discharged. High-dose epinephrine improved the rate of successful resuscitation in patients with asystole, but not in those with ventricular fibrillation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our study, long-term survival after cardiac arrest outside the hospital was no better with repeated high doses of epinephrine than with repeated standard doses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Emergency Medical System, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Claude Bernard University, Lyons, France.
authors.forename: P Y
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Gueugniaud
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mols
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.forename: P Y
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Dubien
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Deweerdt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vergnion
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Petit
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carli
mesh_terms: D000322:Adrenergic Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000322:Adrenergic Agonists; D004837:Epinephrine