title: Infections due to nontuberculous mycobacteria in children with leukemia.
abstract: We reviewed the spectrum of infections due to nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in children with leukemia. Three children acquired such infections. One patient developed pneumonia after the cessation of chemotherapy when Mycobacterium xenopi was identified in his lung biopsy specimen. He required 2 years of treatment with antituberculous agents and clarithromycin. Cultures of central and peripheral blood specimens from two patients yielded Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium chelonae, respectively. Broviac catheters were likely the source of infection. Removal of the catheters and antibiotic treatment resulted in cure. Central venous catheters in leukemic children are potential sources of infection. For febrile neutropenic children with leukemia who do not respond to antibiotic therapy, cultures positive for diphtheroids or negative routine bacterial and fungal cultures should raise a suspicion for infections due to NTM. Systemic infections may require up to 2 years of therapy. Removal of the infected catheters during persistent or recurrent infections in necessary for control of the infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Levendoglu-Tugal
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Munoz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brudnicki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fevzi Ozkaynak
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sandoval
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jayabose
mesh_terms: D001769:Blood / Q000382:microbiology; D002404:Catheterization; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D009165:Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology; D009170:Nontuberculous Mycobacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000150:complications*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed