title: Islet transplantation as a treatment for diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The microvascular complications of diabetes are directly linked to hyperglycemia. Beta-cell failure is a critical factor in regulation of blood sugar levels. However, only a small proportion of persons with type 1 and type 2 diabetes obtain sufficient glycemic control to avoid complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  There are two routes for beta-cell replacement, transplantation, and a mechanical beta cell equivalent. Beta-cell replacement therapy is a potential treatment modality, since diabetes is caused by beta-cell failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An obvious path for glycemic control is some form of beta-cell replacement therapy. Successful islet transplantation is a difficult challenge, but current achievements with human pancreas transplants and islet allografts may greatly improve glycemic control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Beta-cell replacement therapy is an accepted treatment modality for diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Section on Islet Transplantation and Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Weir
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bonner-Weir
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015551:Autoimmunity; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000601:surgery*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000601:surgery*; D005818:Genetic Engineering; D006084:Graft Rejection; D006801:Humans; D016381:Islets of Langerhans Transplantation