title: The effect of interleukin-6 on enhancing the invasiveness of head and neck cancer cells in vitro.
abstract: Patients with head and neck cancers that produce a high concentration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) or patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinomas who have elevated serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations have been found previously to be at significant risk for tumor invasion to adjacent organs as well as frequent metastases. This suggests that G-CSF and Il-6 enhance the invasiveness and metastatic potential of cancer cells. We studied the in vitro invasiveness of head and neck cancer cell lines with and without recombinant human G-CSF (rhG-CSF) and human IL-6 (hIL-6) in an extracellular matrix membrane system. The degree of invasiveness was affected by incubating cells with hIL-6, but not by pre-incubating the cell-matrix with hIL-6. The maximum concentration of hIL-6 for enhanced invasiveness was approximately 5,000 u/ml. In addition, rhG-CSF enhanced the invasiveness of tumor cells that produced large amounts of G-CSF. The present study also suggests that tumor cells tend to invade and metastasize in an environment rich in hIL-6.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishino
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyata
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kitamura
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology*; D003470:Culture Media; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D015850:Interleukin-6; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor