Anion gap and hypoalbuminemia.
OBJECTIVE
To show how hypoalbuminemia lowers the anion gap, which can mask a significant gap acidosis; and to derive a correction factor for it.


METHODS
Observational study.


METHODS
Intensive care unit in a university-affiliated hospital.


METHODS
Nine normal subjects and 152 critically ill patients (265 measurements).


METHODS
None.


RESULTS
Arterial blood samples analyzed for pH, PCO2, and concentrations of plasma electrolytes and proteins. Marked hypoalbuminemia was common among the critically ill patients: 49% of them had serum albumin concentration of <20 g/L. Each g/L decrease in serum albumin caused the observed anion gap to underestimate the total concentration of gap anions by 0.25 mEq/L (r2 = .94).


CONCLUSIONS
The observed anion gap can be adjusted for the effect of abnormal serum albumin concentrations as follows: adjusted anion gap = observed anion gap + 0.25 x ([normal albumin] [observed albumin]), where albumin concentrations are in g/L; if given in g/dL, the factor is 2.5. This adjustment returns the anion gap to the familiar scale of values that apply when albumin concentration is normal.
Figge
J
J
Department of Medicine, St. Peter's Hospital, State University of New York, Albany, USA.
Jabor
A
A
Kazda
A
A
Fencl
V
V
D000138:Acidosis / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D000838:Anions; D001158:Arteries; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D012016:Reference Values; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*
D000838:Anions; D004573:Electrolytes; D012709:Serum Albumin; D002245:Carbon Dioxide