title: Effect of photoinitiator level on properties of a light-cured and post-cure heated model resin system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated the effect of increased levels of photoinitiator components on biaxial flexural strength, monomer conversion, and dynamic thermal properties of an unfilled model resin system in both the light-cured only state as well as after post-cure heating.
  
  
  METHODS
  Unfilled polymer discs were made using 50/50 mole% Bis-GMA and TEGDMA and were rendered photo-curable using a common (normal) concentration of photoinitiators (camphorquinone 0.3 wt% and DMAEMA 0.75 wt%) as well as twice and four-fold this amount. Specimens were light-cured and left unheated or were post-cure heated in a commercial unit. Biaxial flexural strength was obtained at a constant stressing rate (100 MPa/s), monomer conversion was determined using FTIR, and dynamic mechanical thermal properties (E', E", and Tg) were measured with DMA. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Turkey-Kramer post-hoc test (p < 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increased levels of photoinitiator above normal significantly increased monomer conversion and Tg values for unheated as well as for post-cure heated specimens. Biaxial flexural strength for light-cured only groups remained unaffected by change in initiator concentration, but was significantly increased by post-cure heating. Increase in initiator concentration did not affect E' values for post-cured specimens, but significantly increased values for the unheated, light-cured only groups. E" values for post-cure heated specimens were significantly lowered by increasing initiator concentration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The clinical implications of these results indicate that increasing photoinitiator levels results in post-cure heated restorations with significantly higher Tg and monomer conversion values. Use of elevated initiator concentrations for post-cured resins could result in restorations with enhanced resistance to deformation at elevated oral temperatures as well as significantly lower amounts of leachable components.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Medical College of Georgia, School of Dentistry, Augusta, USA. frueggeb@csranet.com
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Rueggeberg
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Ergle
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Lockwood
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008027:Light; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008956:Models, Chemical; D018583:Pliability; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D013729:Terpenes / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D008689:Methacrylates; D011108:Polymers; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; D013729:Terpenes; C098758:tetraethyleneglycol dimethacrylate; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; C048339:camphoroquinone; C049840:2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate