title: Kindled seizures increase metabotropic glutamate receptor expression and function in the rat supraoptic nucleus.
abstract: The spread of experimentally kindled seizures in rats results in sustained increases in plasma vasopressin (VP) and VP mRNA in the supraoptic nucleus (SON). These increases provide an excellent example of the pathological plasticity that can develop in normal cells exposed to recurrent seizure activity. To test whether this plasticity might be due in part to changes in metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), we examined mGluR mRNA expression in the SON 1 month after stage 5 amygdala kindling. Three mGluR subtypes were detected by in situ hybridization in the SON in the following relative levels: mGluR3 > mGluR1 > mGluR7. Both mGluR1 and mGluR3 mRNAs were significantly increased in the SON (+28-61%) and cortex (+27-42%) after kindling. Immunoreactivity for mGluR1 but not mGluR2/3 was significantly increased in vivo in the SON. Receptor protein expression and intracellular calcium accumulation in response to the mGluR agonist, 1S,3R ACPD, were evaluated after in vitro "kindling" of neuroendocrine cells by Mg2+ deprivation. Increased immunoreactivity for mGluR1 and mGluR2/3 was seen in all cultures 3 days after a brief exposure to Mg2+-free medium. 1S,3R 1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (ACPD) induced rapid peak responses and gradual accumulations of intracellular Ca2+ in neurons. Both responses were increased in the "kindled" cells. Increases in the expression of functional mGluR1 and perhaps mGluR3 receptors may contribute to the development of long-lasting plastic changes associated with seizure activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599, USA.
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Al-Ghoul
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Meeker
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Greenwood
mesh_terms: D000679:Amygdala; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D003515:Cycloleucine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D007696:Kindling, Neurologic; D008274:Magnesium / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate / Q000819:agonists / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012640:Seizures / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013495:Supraoptic Nucleus / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; D003515:Cycloleucine; C036361:1-amino-1,3-dicarboxycyclopentane; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium