title: Systemic hypothermia after spinal cord compression injury in the rat: does recorded temperature in accessible organs reflect the intramedullary temperature in the spinal cord?
abstract: This article addresses one basic issue regarding the use of systemic hypothermia in the acute management of spinal cord injury, namely, how to interpret temperature recordings in accessible organs such as the rectum or esophagus with reference to the spinal cord temperature. Thirty-six rats, divided into six groups, were randomized to laminectomy or to severe spinal cord compression trauma, and were further randomized to either a cooling/rewarming procedure or continuous normothermia (esophageal temperature 38 degrees C) for 90 min. The first procedure comprised normothermia during the surgical procedure, followed by lowering of the esophageal temperature from 38 degrees C to 30 degrees C (the hypothermic level), a 20-min steady-state period at 30 degrees C, rewarming to 38 degrees C, and finally a 20-min steady-state period at 38 degrees C. The esophageal, rectal, and epidural temperatures were recorded in all animals. The intramedullary temperature was also recorded invasively in four of the six groups. We conclude that the esophageal temperature is safe and easy to record and, in our setting, reflects the epidural temperature. The differences registrated may reflect a true deviation of the intramedullary temperature due to initial environmental exposure and secondary injury processes. Our results indicate that the esophageal temperature exceeds the intramedullary temperature during the initial recording and final steady state following rewarming, but not during the most crucial part of the experiment, the hypothermic period. The core temperature measured in the esophagus can therefore be used to evaluate the intramedullary temperature during alterations of the systemic temperature and during hypothermic periods.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Westergren
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Holtz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farooque
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Olsson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D001831:Body Temperature; D004947:Esophagus; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012007:Rectum; D017694:Rewarming; D013117:Spinal Cord Compression / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*