title: Phyto-oestrogen excretion and rate of bone loss in postmenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The hypothesis was tested that the rate of postmenopausal bone loss is inversely associated with long-term urinary excretion of phyto-oestrogens, as a marker of habitual dietary intake.
  
  
  METHODS
  Secondary analysis of a 10-year follow-up study (1979 1989) among postmenopausal women in the Netherlands.
  
  
  METHODS
  From the original population of 154 women, 32 women were selected with an annual rate of radial bone loss of < or = 0.5% over the first 5 years of the study and 35 women with a rate of > or = 2.5% per year.
  
  
  METHODS
  The isoflavonoids genistein, daidzein and equol, and the lignan enterolactone were determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry in aggregate samples from annually collected urine samples. Cortical bone density of the radius had previously been measured annually by single-photon absorptiometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Excretion of isoflavonoids did not differ between both groups, although in multivariate analysis equol excretion was weakly positively associated with rate of bone loss in the 5 years after the menopause. Enterolactone excretion was significantly higher in the group with high rate of bone loss. This positive association remained in multivariate linear regression analysis after adjustment for age, years since menopause, body mass index and intake of calcium, vegetable protein and dietary fibre.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Enterolactone excretion is likely to be an indicator of consumption of grains and legumes; it is not clear whether the observed positive association with rate of bone loss is a causal one. Our results do not support a preventive effect of low, unsupplemented dietary intake of phyto-oestrogens on postmenopausal cortical bone loss. However, no conclusions can be drawn about effects of higher doses of phyto-oestrogens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Consumer Research and Epidemiology, TNO Nutrition and Food Research Institute, Zeist, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Kardinaal
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Morton
authors.forename: I E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Brüggemann-Rotgans
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: van Beresteijn
mesh_terms: D015107:4-Butyrolactone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000652:urine; D000375:Aging; D015519:Bone Density; D002839:Chromans / Q000652:urine; D060754:Equol; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D019833:Genistein / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000652:urine; D017705:Lignans / Q000652:urine; D016014:Linear Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000652:urine*; D048789:Phytoestrogens; D028321:Plant Preparations; D017698:Postmenopause; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: C007610:4',7-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydroisoflavone; D002839:Chromans; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal; D007529:Isoflavones; D017705:Lignans; D048789:Phytoestrogens; D028321:Plant Preparations; D060754:Equol; C004742:daidzein; D019833:Genistein; D015107:4-Butyrolactone; C029497:2,3-bis(3'-hydroxybenzyl)butyrolactone