title: Treatment of hyperfunctional lines of the face with botulinum toxin A.
abstract: Since Botulinum toxin A became a mainstay therapy for blepharospasm, its use in treating other dystonic conditions, spasticity disorders, as well as hyperfunctional lines of the face has increased exponentially in recent years. The following article summarizes our experience in establishing a safe and reliable method of administration of botulinum toxin A for treating hyperfunctional lines of the face.
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California at Los Angeles, USA.
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Binder
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Blitzer
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Brin
mesh_terms: D001764:Blepharospasm / Q000188:drug therapy; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004421:Dystonia; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000294:innervation; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000379:methods; D009121:Muscle Denervation; D009122:Muscle Hypertonia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A