title: Sustained ventricular arrhythmias in patients receiving thrombolytic therapy: incidence and outcomes. The GUSTO Investigators.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) and fibrillation (VF) occur in up to 20% of patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) and have been associated with a poor prognosis. The relationships among the type of arrhythmia (VT versus VF or both), time of VT/VF occurrence, use of thrombolytic agents, and eventual outcome are unclear.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the GUSTO-I study, we examined variables associated with the occurrence of VT/VF and its impact on mortality. Of the 40 895 patients with ventricular arrhythmia data, 4188 (10.2%) had sustained VT, VF, or both. Older age, systemic hypertension, previous MI, Killip class, anterior infarct, and depressed ejection fraction were associated with a higher risk of sustained VT and VF (P<0.001). In-hospital and 30-day mortality rates were higher among patients with sustained VT/VF than among patients without sustained ventricular arrhythmias (P<0.001). Both early (<2 days) and late (>2 days) occurrences of sustained VT and VF were associated with a higher risk of later mortality (P<0. 001). In addition, patients with both VT and VF had worse outcomes than those with either VT or VF alone (P<0.001). Among patients who survived hospitalization, no significant difference was found in 30-day mortality between the VT/VF and no VT/VF groups. However, after 1 year, the mortality rate was significantly higher in the VT alone and VT/VF groups (P<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the use of thrombolytic therapy, both early and late occurrences of sustained VT or VF continue to have a negative impact on patient outcome; patients with both VT and VF had the worst outcome; and among patients who survived hospitalization, the 1-year mortality rate was significantly higher in those who experienced VT alone or VT and VF.
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center and Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Newby
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stebbins
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Topol
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Califf
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Natale
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006493:Heparin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013300:Streptokinase / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D017180:Tachycardia, Ventricular / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D006493:Heparin; D013300:Streptokinase; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator