title: Differential effects of GABAA receptor antagonists in the control of respiratory neuronal discharge patterns.
abstract: To ascertain the role of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in shaping and controlling the phasic discharge patterns of medullary respiratory premotor neurons, localized pressure applications of the competitive GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline (BIC) and the noncompetitive GABAA receptor antagonist picrotoxin (PIC) were studied. Multibarrel micropipettes were used in halothane anesthetized, paralyzed, ventilated, vagotomized dogs to record single unit activity from inspiratory and expiratory neurons in the caudal ventral respiratory group and to picoeject GABAA receptor antagonists. The moving time average of phrenic nerve activity was used to determine respiratory phase durations and to synchronize cycle-triggered histograms of discharge patterns. Picoejection of BIC and PIC had qualitatively different effects on the discharge patterns of respiratory neurons. BIC caused an increase in the discharge rate during the neuron's active phase without inducing activity during the neuron's normally silent phase. The resulting discharge patterns were amplified replicas (x2-3) of the underlying preejection phasic patterns. In contrast, picoejection of PIC did not increase the peak discharge rate during the neuron's active phase but induced a tonic level of activity during the neuron's normally silent phase. The maximum effective BIC dose (15 +/- 1.8 pmol/min) was considerably smaller than that for PIC (280 +/- 53 pmol/min). These findings suggest that GABAA receptors with differential pharmacology mediate distinct functions within the same neuron, 1) gain modulation that is BIC sensitive but PIC insensitive and 2) silent-phase inhibition blocked by PIC. These studies also suggest that the choice of an antagonist is an important consideration in the determination of GABA receptor function within the respiratory motor control system.
authors.affiliation: Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53295, USA.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dogas
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krolo
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Stuth
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tonkovic-Capin
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Hopp
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: McCrimmon
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Zuperku
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001640:Bicuculline / Q000494:pharmacology; D004285:Dogs; D004336:Drug Antagonism; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005260:Female; D018756:GABA Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008526:Medulla Oblongata / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010507:Periodicity; D010852:Picrotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000502:physiology*; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001640:Bicuculline; D018756:GABA Antagonists; D010852:Picrotoxin; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid