title: Anti-beta2-glycoprotein I, anti-prothrombin and anticardiolipin antibodies in a longitudinal study of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and the antiphospholipid syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine anti-beta2 glycoprotein-I (anti-beta2GPI) and anti-prothrombin (anti-ProT) antibody levels, and the IgG subclass distribution of anti-beta2GPI antibodies, in serial samples from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) having initial or recurrent thrombotic/neurological (T/N) events during the study period. To investigate the correlations between these antibodies and beta2GPI antigen, anticardiolipin antibody (aCL), anti-double-stranded (ds) DNA, C3 levels and disease activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty serum samples were identified from seven patients with SLE who had had T/N events during the follow-up from a cohort under long-term follow-up. IgG anti-beta2GPI, anti-ProT, aCL, IgG subclasses of anti-beta2GPI and beta2GPI antigen levels were determined by ELISA. Corresponding disease activity [British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG)], anti-dsDNA and C3 levels were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IgG anti-beta2GPI antibody levels were elevated in six of the patients before and after the T/N events with less marked fluctuations than aCL antibody levels. The predominant subclass of anti-beta2GPI antibodies was IgG2 before and after the T/N events. IgG anti-ProT antibodies were negative in all cases. There was a significant but weak correlation between anti-beta2GPI and aCL antibodies. No correlation was found between disease activity and IgG anti-beta2GPI antibody and beta2GPI antigen levels. There were fluctuations in beta2GPI antigen levels and a trend to increase after T/N events was observed in some patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most of the patients with a T/N event during the study period had IgG anti-beta2GPI, but not IgG anti-ProT antibodies. Many IgG aCL-negative samples were found to have IgG anti-beta2GPI activity during the follow-up period. The predominant subclass of IgG anti-beta2GPI was IgG2, which may have importance in the pathogenesis of APS. beta2GPI antigen levels were found to be increased in some patients with SLE after T/N events. IgG anti-beta2GPI antibodies may be used as an adjunctive marker of future T/N events in patients with SLE and APS with aCL antibodies and lupus anticoagulant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University College London.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inanç
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Donohoe
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Ravirajan
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Radway-Bright
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mackie
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Machin
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Isenberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin / Q000032:analysis*; D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear / Q000097:blood; D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications; D003176:Complement C3 / Q000032:analysis; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000032:analysis; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011516:Prothrombin / Q000276:immunology*; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I
chemical_list: D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin; D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear; D003176:Complement C3; D006023:Glycoproteins; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I; D011516:Prothrombin