title: Interleukin-4 down-regulates both forms of tumor necrosis factor receptor and receptor-mediated apoptosis, NF-kappaB, AP-1, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Comparison with interleukin-13.
abstract: The activity of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, is regulated by a number of other cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-4. How IL-4 regulates various activities of TNF is not fully understood. In the present report, we investigated the effect of IL-4 on the cell surface TNF receptors in human histiocytic lymphoma U-937 cells. Pretreatment of cells with IL-4 down-regulated TNF receptors in a dose- and time-dependent manner; an almost 90% decrease occurred with 10 ng/ml IL-4 treatment for 24 h. Scatchard analysis revealed that the decrease was due to receptor number and not affinity. IL-13, which shares a common receptor subunit and various biological activities with IL-4, had no effect on TNF receptors. IL-4's effect on TNF receptors was not cell type-specific, since decreases also occurred on various epithelial and T cells. Both the p60 and p80 forms of the TNF receptor were down-regulated to the same extent. Western blot showed that IL-4 induced shedding of the TNF receptors. The decrease of TNF receptors by IL-4 was accompanied by down-regulation of TNF-induced activities, including cytotoxicity, caspase-3 activation, NF-kappaB and AP-1 activation, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase induction. Wortmannin reversed the IL-4-induced TNF receptor down-regulation and all other measured cellular responses, indicating a critical role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Rapamycin also blocked the effect of IL-4-induced regulation, thus suggesting the role of p70 S6 kinase. Overall, our results suggest that TNF receptor down-regulation by IL-4 plays a critical role in the antagonistic effects of IL-4 on TNF-induced cellular responses and that this mechanism differs from that of IL-13.
authors.affiliation: Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Manna
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Aggarwal
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D001483:Base Sequence; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D017931:DNA Primers; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006801:Humans; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000502:physiology*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000502:physiology*; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000502:physiology*; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D018793:Interleukin-13; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D014157:Transcription Factors; D015847:Interleukin-4; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases