title: Hypoxemia decreases the shivering threshold in rabbits anesthetized with 0.2 minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration isoflurane.
abstract: Shivering has been proposed as an etiology of postoperative hypoxemia. The difficulty with this theory is that hypoxemia inhibits shivering in unanesthetized cats, rats, and humans. However, anesthesia inhibits many protective reflexes, including the ventilatory response to hypoxemia. We therefore tested the hypothesis that arterial hypoxemia fails to inhibit shivering in lightly anesthetized rabbits. Rabbits were intubated and instrumented during exposure to surgical concentrations of anesthesia, and anesthesia was then maintained with 0.2 minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration isoflurane. The core was cooled at a rate of 2-3 degrees C/h by perfusing water at 10 degrees C through a colonic thermode. Core temperatures were recorded from the distal esophagus. Sustained, vigorous shivering was considered physiologically significant. The core temperature that triggering significant shivering identified the thermoregulatory threshold for this response. Arterial blood was sampled for gas analysis at the shivering threshold in each rabbit. Hypoxemia linearly reduced the shivering threshold from 36.7 degrees C at 130 mm Hg to 35.4 degrees C at 50 mm Hg (threshold = PaO2.0.019 + 34.3; r2 = 0.49). We failed to confirm our hypothesis: instead, even mild hypoxemia reduced the shivering threshold >1 C. A 1 C decrease in the shivering threshold is likely to prevent or stop most postoperative shivering because it exceeds the reduction produced by many effective anti-shivering drugs. These data do not support the theory that shivering causes postoperative hypoxemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Shivering has been proposed as an etiology of postoperative hypoxemia. Our data, in contrast, show that mild hypoxemia inhibits shivering. Shivering is thus unlikely to be a cause of postoperative hypoxemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Yamanashi Medical University, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwashita
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsukawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozaki
authors.forename: D I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Sessler
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imamura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kumazawa
mesh_terms: D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000737:chemistry; D011817:Rabbits; D012768:Shivering / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D007530:Isoflurane