title: The spatial and temporal immunolocalization of TGF-beta 1 and bone morphogenetic protein-2/-4 in phallic bone formation in inbred Sprague Dawley male rats.
abstract: In male rats and mice, the membranous bone is rapidly formed in the proximal segment (p-segment) of the os penis, and then endochondral ossification proceeds in the proximal half. The spatial and temporal patterns of expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) and bone morphogentic protein-2/-4 (BMP-2/-4) were examined immunohistochemically until 14 days after birth and compared. BMP-2/-4 expression was weak in the mesenchymal condensation just at birth, and up-regulated in the membranous bone and cartilage 3 days after birth. BMP-2/-4 was strongly expressed in proliferating and mature chondrocytes 7 days after birth. At birth, TGF-beta 1 expression was diffuse and very strong in mesenchymal condensation. Thereafter, TGF-beta 1 expression was continuously strong in membranous bone and cartilage. Seven days after birth, TGF-beta 1 was actively expressed in proliferating chondrocytes. TGF-beta 1 and BMP-2/-4 seemed to act co-operatively. In particular, TGF-beta 1 appeared to strongly regulate immature stage and BMP-2/-4 may regulate the mature stage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kagoshima University, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Origuchi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishidou
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagamine
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Onishi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsunaga
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001846:Bone Development; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D010413:Penis / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C525719:Bmp2 protein, mouse; C525720:Bmp2 protein, rat; C525810:Bmp4 protein, mouse; C525811:Bmp4 protein, rat; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta