title: Significance of microsatellite instability in different types of early-stage nonfamilial colorectal carcinomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic alterations of early-stage nonfamilial colorectal carcinomas regarding microsatellite instability, with special reference to the shape of the tumors and the site of the lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens of 44 early-stage nonfamilial colorectal carcinomas were examined for microsatellite instability with use of polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 44 carcinomas consisted of 16 flat carcinomas and 28 polypoid carcinomas. Nineteen carcinomas were located in the proximal colon (9 flat type and 10 polypoid type), whereas 25 were in the distal colon and rectum (7 flat type and 18 polypoid type). Ten (22.7 percent) of the 44 carcinomas had at least one positive locus, whereas five (11.4 percent) of them had two or more positive loci. In the proximal colon the percentage of flat carcinomas with at least one positive locus was significantly greater than that of the polypoid carcinomas (4/9 (44 percent) vs. 0/10; P = 0.04). Six patients had synchronous or metachronous colorectal carcinomas or both. They harbored microsatellite instability more frequently than patients with single colorectal carcinomas, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that in nonfamilial carcinomas in the proximal colon, the genetic pathway in flat carcinomas may be different from that in polypoid carcinomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Konishi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Senba
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kanazawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsukamoto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm