title: Surgical therapy in patients with failed antireflux repairs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Failure of antireflux surgery may be due to errors in patient selection, errors in the choice of the operation, or technical errors in the performance of the operation. The purpose of this work was to review a series of patients surgically treated for a failed antireflux procedure over the past two decades.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy patients (62%) out of 113 consecutive individuals presenting with symptoms after one or more operations for gastroesophageal reflux disease underwent reoperation. Five patients had been operated on laparoscopically. The indications for reoperation were based on severity of symptoms and results of objective investigation. Surgical therapy was tailored to the individual patient based on pathophysiological abnormalities and on the results of intraoperative assessment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reflux symptoms and dysphagia represented the major complaint in 62.8% and 35.7% of patients, respectively. The most common pathophysiological abnormality was an incompetent lower esophageal sphincter. Intraoperative assessment showed a disrupted or misplaced repair in 77% of the patients. The most common reoperation performed was a partial or total fundoplication (54.3%), followed by antrectomy and Roux-en-Y anastomosis (25.7%). There was no mortality. Postoperative morbidity rate was 8.5%. At a median follow-up of 48 months, 87% of patients were scored as Visick 1-2 and 90% declared themselves satisfied with the results of reoperation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Management of patients with failed antireflux procedures is challenging. However, detailed physiological evaluation and a surgical approach tailored to residual anatomy and function of the foregut can provide excellent results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery University of Milan, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico I.R.C.C.S., Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bonavina
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chella
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Segalin
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Incarbone
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peracchia
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012086:Reoperation; D017211:Treatment Failure