title: Cyclosporine A induces apoptosis in murine tubular epithelial cells: role of caspases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The pathogenesis of cyclosporine A (CsA) nephrotoxicity has not been completely elucidated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The ability of CsA to induce apoptosis in cultured murine tubular epithelial cells and its regulation by the cell microenvironment and inhibitors of caspases were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study found that CsA induces apoptotic death in murine proximal tubular epithelial MCT cells in a dose- (0.1 to 15 micrograms/ml) and time-dependent (24 to 72 hr) manner. Death caused by CsA is additive to apoptosis induced by deprivation of the survival factors present in serum. Primary cultures of murine tubular epithelial cells are also sensitive to CsA-induced apoptosis. Peptide inhibitors of caspases such as zVAD-fmk (which inhibits caspases 8 and 9) and DEVD-CHO (which inhibits caspase 3 and related caspases) prevented CsA-induced apoptosis in MCT cells, although zVAD-fmk was effective at lower concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that tubular cell apoptosis mediated by caspases may play a role in CsA nephrotoxicity and that the microenvironment modulates resistance to CsA lethality as low local levels of survival factors may potentiate nephrotoxicity. Caspases my be new therapeutic targets in the management of nephrotoxic injury.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Nefrología, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain. aortiz@fjd.es
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lorz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Catalán
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Coca
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Egido
mesh_terms: D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007687:Kidney Tubules, Proximal / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D051379:Mice; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009842:Oligopeptides; C108637:aspartyl-glutamyl-valyl-aspartal; C096713:benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone; D016572:Cyclosporine; D020169:Caspases