title: DDD pacing with rate drop response function versus DDI with rate hysteresis pacing for cardioinhibitory vasovagal syncope.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effectiveness of cardiac pacing in preventing vasovagal syncope remains controversial. However, DDI pacing with rate hysteresis has been reported to prevent the recurrence of cardioinhibitory vasovagal syncope in up to 35% of affected subjects and to reduce the overall incidence of syncopal episodes in the others. Recently, DDD pacing with a new promising rate drop response function (Medtronic Thera-I model 7960) has become available in clinical practice.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present open trial was to test the effectiveness of this new pacing modality in patients with cardioinhibitory vasovagal syncope.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population included 20 patients (12 males and 8 females; mean age 61.1 +/- 14 yrs) with recurrent syncope (mean number of prior episode = 6.8, range 5-11) and cardioinhibitory responses during two head-up tilt tests: the first diagnostic and the second during drug therapy with either beta-blockade or etilephrine. The study patients were randomized to receive either DDI pacing with rate hysteresis (8 patients) or DDD pacing with rate drop response function (11 patients). The head-up tilt test performed 1 month after pacemaker implantation was positive in 3 of 12 patients (25%) with DDD pacing with rate drop response function and in 5 of 8 patients (62.5%) with DDI pacing with rate hysteresis. The mean duration of follow-up was 17.7 +/- 7.4 months. During follow-up no patients with a DDD pacemaker with rate drop response function had syncope, while 3 of 8 patients with a DDI pacemaker with rate hysteresis had recurrence of syncope (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that DDD pacing with rate drop response function is effective in cardioinhibitory vasovagal syncope and may be preferable to DDI pacing with rate hysteresis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Heart Disease, San Filippo Neri Hospital, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ammirati
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Colivicchi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Toscano
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pandozi
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Laudadio
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Seta
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Santini
mesh_terms: D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D019462:Syncope, Vasovagal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018667:Tilt-Table Test; D013997:Time Factors