title: [Acute gastric distension necessitating gastrostomy after anesthetic induction for surgical correction of type III esophageal atresia].
abstract: IPPV during anaesthesia for management of oesophageal atresia with tracheo-oesophageal fistula (TOF) can cause gastric insufflation. We report such a complication in a one-day-old newborn, who developed, 15 min after induction, a distension of the abdomen, hypoxia and bracdycardia. An emergency gastrostomy was performed. His status improved rapidly and surgery could be completed. TOF was located at the carina and had a large calibre. To avoid gastric distension in such cases, the tip of the tube is located just proximal to the carina, but distal to the fistula to prevent intubation of the latter. Difficulties are due to position of the fistula (carina, main bronchi) or its large bore. Gastric distension carries a risk of regurgitation and inhalation of gastric contents, elevation of hemidiaphragm and lung compression, decreased tidal volume, decreased venous return, cardiovascular collapse and cardiac arrest. When insufflation peak pressures are low, gastrostomy is benefitful, as in our case, as the tidal volume loss through the stomach is acceptable. In case of high insufflation pressures because of co-existing lung disease, gastrostomy is better avoided, as most if not all the tidal volume may be lost through the stomach.
authors.affiliation: Service d'anesthésie pédiatrique, hôpital Debrousse, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bordet
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Combet
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Basset
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pouyau
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dubois
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boulétreau
mesh_terms: D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001919:Bradycardia / Q000209:etiology; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000503:physiopathology; D004933:Esophageal Atresia / Q000601:surgery*; D013271:Gastric Dilatation / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000209:etiology; D005774:Gastrostomy; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000209:etiology; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007385:Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation / Q000009:adverse effects; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D011015:Pneumonia, Aspiration / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012769:Shock / Q000209:etiology; D013990:Tidal Volume / Q000502:physiology; D014138:Tracheoesophageal Fistula / Q000601:surgery*
vernacular_title: Distension gastrique aiguë nécessitant une gastrostomie après induction anesthésique pour correction chirurgicale d'une atrésie de l'oesophage de type III.