Oculoplastic experience with the cosmetic use of botulinum A exotoxin.
BACKGROUND
Botulinum toxin is a neuromuscular blocking agent produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. It has been used as a therapeutic agent in ophthalmology for over 18 years.


OBJECTIVE
To present the cosmetic use of botulinum toxin in oculoplastic surgery.


METHODS
We present our experience with botulinum toxin as a cosmetic agent.


RESULTS
Botulinum toxin was successful in treating hyperfunctional lines of the face and neck.


CONCLUSIONS
Botulinum toxin is a safe and effective method of treating dynamic lines of the face and neck.
Edelstein
C
C
Division of Orbital and Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Jules Stein Eye Institute, UCLA School of Medicine, USA.
Shorr
N
N
Jacobs
J
J
Balch
K
K
Goldberg
R
R
D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000294:innervation; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000379:methods; D009121:Muscle Denervation; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000294:innervation; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000187:drug effects*; D013518:Surgery, Plastic / Q000379:methods*
D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A