title: Genotype-phenotype correlation of patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 in Japan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN 2) is a hereditary syndrome characterized by medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), pheochromocytoma and hyperparathyroidism. MEN 2 is caused predominantly by germ-line mutations of the RET proto-oncogene. This study aimed to clarify the genotype-phenotype correlation in MEN 2 patients in Japan in order to modify the clinical management according to the genotype.
  
  
  METHODS
  Constitutive DNA of 64 MEN 2 patients (48 kindreds) were searched for mutations at exons 10, 11, 13, 14 and 16 of the RET proto-oncogene using polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP), direct sequencing and restriction enzyme digestion. The clinical characteristics of the patients were obtained from a previous nationwide questionnaire survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 62 (96.9%) out of 64 patients had a germ-line point mutation at the hot spots. MTC and pheochromocytoma occurred equally in every genotype except C630S. Specific genotype had a correlation between tumor size and age at the operation for MTC or extent of MTC, i.e. C618S developed late onset type of MTC as compared with that of C634R, C634Y and M918T. Small MTC in C634R may be less aggressive than those in C634Y and M918T.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DNA testing has good clinical implications for the management of patients with MEN 2 and the timing and operative procedures of thyroidectomy can be modified according to the genotype.
authors.affiliation: Growth Factor Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Egawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Futami
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takasaki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iihara
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kanbe
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saio
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miyauchi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takiyama
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyanaga
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mitsuyama
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takei
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mugiya
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zeze
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shakutsui
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oya
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishizuka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
mesh_terms: D000310:Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D018276:Carcinoma, Medullary / Q000235:genetics*; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D006961:Hyperparathyroidism / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D018813:Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2a / Q000235:genetics*; D010641:Phenotype; D010673:Pheochromocytoma / Q000235:genetics*; D017354:Point Mutation; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D051096:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics*; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; C000715470:MAS1 protein, human; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051096:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C416649:Ret protein, Drosophila