title: Tissue transglutaminase autoantibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in detecting celiac disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tissue transglutaminase has been reported to be the target for endomysial antibodies in celiac disease. We sought to establish whether immunoglobulin (Ig) A class tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies can be considered specific for celiac disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum samples from 136 patients with untreated celiac disease (diagnosed according to the criteria of the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition) and 207 disease controls were studied. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blots were performed using calcium-treated and untreated tissue transglutaminase as antigen. Reticulin, endomysial, and mouse monoclonal tissue transglutaminase antibodies were studied by an indirect immunofluorescence method and gliadin antibodies with ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The calcium-activated tissue transglutaminase autoantibody ELISA was highly sensitive (129 of 136) and specific (194 of 207) in detecting celiac disease. The new autoantibody ELISA test correlated well with the endomysial antibody test. Tissue transglutaminase autoantibody ELISA showed a clearly better predictive potential than the IgA class gliadin antibody ELISA. Immunoblots and ELISA blocking studies showed that calcium is needed for the specific antigen-antibody reaction to occur. Double immunofluorescence staining in human umbilical cord with sera from patients with celiac disease and with monoclonal tissue transglutaminase antibodies showed complete overlap.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Calcium-activated tissue transglutaminase autoantibody ELISA is highly accurate in detecting untreated celiac disease. Tissue transglutaminase seems to be the target self-antigen for endomysial antibodies.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sulkanen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Halttunen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Laurila
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Kolho
authors.forename: I R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Korponay-Szabó
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sarnesto
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Savilahti
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Collin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mäki
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases / Q000276:immunology*; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood*; D007223:Infant; D008875:Middle Aged; D000091345:Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D000091345:Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2; D011503:Transglutaminases; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins