title: Interdomain communication regulating ligand binding by PPAR-gamma.
abstract: Binding to receptors in the cell nucleus is crucial for the action of lipophilic hormones and ligands. PPAR-gamma (for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) is a nuclear hormone receptor that mediates adipocyte differentiation and modulates insulin sensitivity, cell proliferation and inflammatory processes. PPAR-gamma ligands have been implicated in the development of atherogenic foam cells and as potential cancer treatments. Transcriptional activity of PPAR-gamma is induced by binding diverse ligands, including natural fatty acid derivatives, antidiabetic thiazolidinediones, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Ligand binding by PPAR-gamma, as well as by the entire nuclear-receptor superfamily, is an independent property of the carboxy-terminal ligand-binding domain (LBD) of the receptor. Here we show that ligand binding by PPAR-gamma is regulated by intramolecular communication between its amino-terminal A/B domain and its carboxy-terminal LBD. Modification of the A/B domain, for example by physiological phosphorylation by MAP kinase, reduces ligand-binding affinity, thus negatively regulating the transcriptional and biological functions of PPAR-gamma. The ability of the A/B domain to regulate ligand binding has important implications for the evaluation and mechanism of action of potentially therapeutic ligands that bind PPAR-gamma and that are likely to extend to other members of the nuclear-receptor superfamily.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Rangwala
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Krakow
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Reginato
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lazar
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; D008024:Ligands; D051379:Mice; D056920:Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 1; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism*; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000378:metabolism; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D008024:Ligands; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D013844:Thiazoles; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; C538861:Ncoa1 protein, mouse; D056920:Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 1; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases