title: Retroviral transfer of the human MDR1 gene confers resistance to bisantrene-specific hematotoxicity.
abstract: In this work, we demonstrate a protective effect conferred by the human multidrug resistance gene (MDR1) to populations of the murine hematopoietic system against the toxic effects of bisantrene, a novel intercalating cytotoxic agent under investigation as an anticancer agent. In vitro, MDR1-expressing cell lines are highly cross-resistant to bisantrene, and low levels of P-glycoprotein (the MDR1 gene product cell surface protein) confer resistance to the drug. MDR1-positive mice were generated after transplantation of bone marrow cells (BMC) transduced in vitro with a MDR1 retrovirus. Control mice were transplanted with BMC transduced with the neomycin resistance gene. Administration of a single i.v. dose of 50 mg/kg of bisantrene resulted in a decrease of the total WBC count of approximately 40%. In contrast, a decrease of the total WBC count of only 17% was observed in mice transplanted with MDR1-transduced BMC. Immunofluorescence studies with cell lineage-specific monoclonal antibodies showed that bisantrene was specifically toxic for B lymphocytes and macrophages. Double-staining with MRK16 (a monoclonal antibody specific for P-glycoprotein) demonstrated that a single dose of bisantrene increased the relative number of MDR1-transduced positive B cells, macrophages, and (to some extent) granulocytes when compared to the number found in MDR1-untreated mice or the bisantrene-treated neomycin-transduced control mice. These results provide in vivo evidence that bisantrene is a hematotoxic drug capable of selecting for MDR1-transduced hematopoietic cells. Bisantrene might be useful for gene therapy as an in vivo selective agent for cells transduced with MDR1 vectors that also coexpress therapeutic genes of interest.
authors.affiliation: Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4255, USA.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Aksentijevich
authors.forename: C O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Cardarelli
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pastan
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Gottesman
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D000873:Anthracenes / Q000633:toxicity; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000633:toxicity*; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D006801:Humans; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D007970:Leukopenia / Q000139:chemically induced; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D012190:Retroviridae / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D000873:Anthracenes; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; C031404:bisantrene