title: Treatment of ureteral stones: comparison of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and endourologic alternatives.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study is to compare the effectiveness of ESWL and ureteroscopic lithotripsy with pneumatic, ultrasonic and electrohydraulic modalities in patients with ureteral stones.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, 1,970 patients with ureteral stones were evaluated. ESWL and ureteroscopic lithotripsies were performed in 1,580 and 484 patients, respectively. The ESWL group was treated with a Siemens Lithostar plus. Ureteroscopic lithotripsy was performed with pneumatic lithotripsy (PL), ultrasonic lithotripsy (USL) and electrohydraulic lithotripsy (EHL) in 140 (28.9%), 311 (64.3%) and 33 (6.8%) patients, respectively. 94 patients underwent both because of unsuccessful ESWL therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the ESWL group, the stone-free rate was 49.9% and the fragmentation rate 71.0%. These values were: 95.0 and 97.1% for PL; 88.1 and 89.4% for USL; 90.9 and 93.9% for EHL, respectively. Ureteroscopic lithotripsy has been found more effective than ESWL in the treatment of middle and lower ureteral calculi (p < 0.001) and PL has the greatest success rate within these endoscopic groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ESWL therapy can be the first-line therapy in upper ureteral stones keeping the other modalities for unfragmented stones. However, ureteroscopic lithotripsy is the most effective treatment choice in lower ureteral stones no matter which kind of energy used and PL is the most effective and less complicated among the other types.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Department of Urology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey. borakupeli@hotmail.com
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Küpeli
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Biri
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Isen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Onaran
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Alkibay
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Karaoğlan
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bozkirli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D018666:Ureteroscopy; D014567:Urography