title: Correction factors for the NMi free-air ionization chamber for medium-energy x-rays calculated with the Monte Carlo method.
abstract: A new method is described for the determination of x-ray quality dependent correction factors for free-air ionization chambers. The method is based on weighting correction factors for mono-energetic photons, which are calculated using the Monte Carlo method, with measured air kerma spectra. With this method, correction factors for electron loss, scatter inside the chamber and transmission through the diaphragm and front wall have been calculated for the NMi free-air chamber for medium-energy x-rays for a wide range of x-ray qualities in use at NMi. The newly obtained correction factors were compared with the values in use at present, which are based on interpolation of experimental data for a specific set of x-ray qualities. For x-ray qualities which are similar to this specific set, the agreement between the correction factors determined with the new method and those based on the experimental data is better than 0.1%, except for heavily filtered x-rays generated at 250 kV. For x-ray qualities dissimilar to the specific set, differences up to 0.4% exist, which can be explained by uncertainties in the interpolation procedure of the experimental data. Since the new method does not depend on experimental data for a specific set of x-ray qualities, the new method allows for a more flexible use of the free-air chamber as a primary standard for air kerma for any x-ray quality in the medium-energy x-ray range.
authors.affiliation: NMi Van Swinden Laboratorium, Utrecht, The Netherlands. tgrimbergen@nmi.nl
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Grimbergen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van Dijk
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: de Vries
mesh_terms: D000388:Air; D055592:Biophysical Phenomena; D001703:Biophysics; D004583:Electrons; D006801:Humans; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D009426:Netherlands; D017785:Photons; D011874:Radiometry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D014965:X-Rays