title: Intraperitoneal thrombolytic therapy for peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the literature pertaining to the use of adjunctive thrombolytic therapy for the treatment of peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis (PDAP).
  
  
  METHODS
  A MEDLINE search was conducted (January 1966-December 1997) to find articles using the terms peritonitis, peritoneal dialysis, and each thrombolytic drug. References from these articles were then reviewed to identify further sources.
  
  
  METHODS
  Representative case reports and clinical trials are summarized in this report. Information regarding thrombolytic dosing, administration techniques, and reported efficacy rates are included from both case reports and clinical trials.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thrombolytic agents administered intraperitoneally appear to facilitate antibiotic penetration into the biofilm formed by certain bacteria. Numerous case reports of intraperitoneal thrombolytic adjunctive therapy for recurrent or persistent PDAP have indicated that these agents may have a role in the treatment of selected patients. Urokinase and streptokinase are the only thrombolytics that have been studied. They appear to have similar efficacy, but the adverse drug event rate with streptokinase is unacceptably high. The efficacy of therapy with urokinase is probably inferior to removal of the peritoneal dialysis catheter, but, if successful, allows for the continuation of peritoneal dialysis therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conjunction with appropriate antibiotic therapy, intraperitoneal instillation of urokinase should be reserved for patients who develop two or more episodes of recurrent or persistent PDAP in the absence of poor compliance and in whom dialysis catheter removal should be avoided (i.e., they cannot tolerate hemodialysis).
authors.affiliation: Pharmacy Department, Deaconess Hospital, Evansville, IN, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Worland
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Radabaugh
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Mueller
mesh_terms: D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents