title: Long-term outcome of a prospective randomized trial of conversion from cyclosporine to azathioprine treatment one year after renal transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since the introduction of cyclosporine (CsA), 1-year renal allograft survival has improved, but concern persists about the long-term adverse effects of CsA, especially with respect to renal function and blood pressure. This randomized controlled trial was set up to establish whether withdrawal of CsA would alter long-term outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult patients who, at 1 year after renal transplantation, had a stable serum creatinine of less than 300 micromol/L and who had not had acute rejection within the last 6 months were eligible for entry. Patients were randomized either to continue on CsA (n=114) or to stop CsA and start azathioprine (Aza, n=102). All patients remained on prednisolone. Median follow-up was 93 months after transplantation (range: 52-133 months).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in actuarial 10-year patient or graft survival (Kaplan-Meier), despite an increased incidence of acute rejection within the first few months after conversion. Median serum creatinine was lower in the Aza group (Aza: 119 micromol/L; CsA. 153 micromol/L at 5 years after randomization, P=0.0002). The requirement for antihypertensive treatment was also reduced after conversion to Aza; 75% of patients required antihypertensive treatment at the start of the study, decreasing to 55% from 1 year after randomization in the Aza group and increasing to >80% in the CsA group (55% (Aza) and 84% (CsA) at 5 years after randomization, P<0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Conversion from CsA to Aza at 1 year after renal transplantation results in improvement in both blood pressure control and renal allograft function, and is not associated with significant adverse effects on long-term patient or graft survival.
authors.affiliation: Renal Transplant Unit, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, Scotland.
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: MacPhee
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Briggs
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Junor
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: MacPherson
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: McMillan
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Rodger
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Watson
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001379:Azathioprine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000517:prevention & control; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000209:etiology; D007668:Kidney / Q000502:physiology; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D016572:Cyclosporine; D001379:Azathioprine