title: Sugar-induced molten-globule model.
abstract: Proteins denature at low pH because of intramolecular electrostatic repulsions. The addition of salt partially overcomes this repulsion for some proteins, yielding a collapsed conformation called the A-state. A-states have characteristics expected for the molten globule, a notional kinetic protein folding intermediate. Here we show that the addition of neutral sugars to solutions of acid-denatured equine ferricytochrome c induces formation of the A-state in the absence of added salt. We characterized the structure and stability of the sugar-induced A-state with circular dichroism spectropolarimetry (CD) and NMR-monitored hydrogen-deuterium exchange experiments. We also examined the stability of the sugar-induced A-state as a function of sugar size and concentration. The results are interpreted using several models and we conclude that the stabilizing effect is consistent with increased steric repulsion between the protein and the sugar solutions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, USA.
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Davis-Searles
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Morar
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Erie
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Pielak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002241:Carbohydrates; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D003574:Cytochrome c Group / Q000737:chemistry*; D003903:Deuterium; D006736:Horses; D006859:Hydrogen; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D017510:Protein Folding
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D003574:Cytochrome c Group; D006859:Hydrogen; D003903:Deuterium