title: High risk of vascular events in patients with urothelial transitional cell carcinoma treated with cisplatin based chemotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We define the incidence of thromboembolic events in patients receiving multiagent chemotherapy for urothelial cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review of 271 consecutive patients who received multi-agent cisplatin based chemotherapy for transitional cell carcinoma at Princess Margaret Hospital between 1986 and 1996 was performed. Indications for chemotherapy included adjuvant treatment following resection of high risk disease (13%), and primary management of locally advanced and metastatic disease (87%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vascular events occurred in 35 patients (12.9%) receiving chemotherapy, including 18 deep vein thromboses, 9 pulmonary emboli, 7 arterial thromboses, 3 cerebrovascular events, 1 superficial phlebitis and 1 angina pectoris (4 patients had deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolus). Three events were directly fatal. Overall, 3.6% of chemotherapy cycles were complicated by vascular events with 27 events (77%) occurring during the first 2 cycles. Risk factors for vascular events included a large pelvic mass and concomitant peripheral vascular or coronary artery disease. Substantial morbidity was associated with vascular events and median hospital stay of 10 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a substantial risk of venous and arterial vascular events in patients receiving cisplatin based chemotherapy for urothelial transitional cell carcinoma. Prophylactic anticoagulation should be considered in patients with risk factors for thromboembolic disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Czaykowski
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: I F
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Tannock
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002945:Cisplatin