title: Reversal of incipient and radiographic caries through the use of sodium and stannous fluoride dentifrices in a clinical trial.
abstract: Experimental evidence has clearly demonstrated that the early stages of lesion formation (enamel demineralization) are reversible following exposure to saliva and/or fluoride. Clinical evidence for remineralization has also been reported extensively in the literature. However, the literature is lacking with respect to data from well-controlled clinical studies regarding the quantitative contribution of remineralization to arrestment and reversal of caries. Retrospective analysis of an existing clinical trial database provided an opportunity to examine the incidence of clinical lesion reversals in a placebo-controlled, double-blinded caries clinical study. The clinical study examined three treatment groups: 1) 0.243% sodium fluoride/silica dentifrice, 2) 0.4% stannous fluoride/calcium pyrophosphate (positive control) dentifrice and 3) non-fluoridated placebo/calcium pyrophosphate (negative control) dentifrice. Clinical measures in this study included both radiographic and visual-tactile assessments of caries. Examination of all subjects revealed a statistically greater frequency for caries reversals in the sodium fluoride group as compared to the placebo group at Year 3, for both total and radiographic caries. In contrast, while caries reversals in the stannous fluoride group occurred with greater frequency than in the placebo group at Year 3, for both total and radiographic caries, the differences were not statistically significant. When only subjects who were "at risk" for potential reversals (i.e., those with a minimum of one carious lesion at baseline) were examined, a statistically greater frequency in caries reversals was observed in both the sodium fluoride (total, incipient, and radiographic caries) and stannous fluoride (total and radiographic caries) groups as compared to the placebo group at Year 3. Collectively, these data confirm the ability of both 0.243% sodium fluoride/silica and 0.4% stannous fluoride/calcium pyrophosphate dentifrices to clinically reverse caries. The results suggest that sodium fluoride may deliver a greater frequency of caries reversals than stannous fluoride, although these treatments were not found to be significantly different.
authors.affiliation: Procter & Gamble Company, Health Care Research Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. biesbrock.ar@pg.com
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Biesbrock
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Faller
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Bartizek
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Court
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: McClanahan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002648:Child; D004245:DMF Index; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003802:Dentifrices / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005460:Fluorides, Topical / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014002:Tin Fluorides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000188:drug therapy; D014089:Tooth Remineralization / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003802:Dentifrices; D005460:Fluorides, Topical; D014002:Tin Fluorides; D012969:Sodium Fluoride