title: Comparison of neuromuscular effects, efficacy and safety of rocuronium and atracurium in ambulatory anaesthesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the neuromuscular effects, efficacy, and safety of equi-effective doses of rocuronium and atracurium in ambulatory female patients undergoing surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-one patients undergoing laparoscopic gynaecological surgery were randomized to receive 2 X ED90 rocuronium (0.6 mg.kg-1; n = 20) or atracurium (0.5 mg.kg-1; n = 21) during intravenous propofol/alfentanil anaesthesia with N2O/O2 ventilation. Neuromuscular block was measured with a mechanomyogram eliciting a train-of-four (TOF) response at the wrist. Intubation conditions 60 sec after administration of muscle relaxant and immediate cardiovascular disturbances or adverse events during the hospital stay were noted by blinded observers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with atracurium, rocuronium was associated with a shorter onset time (59.0 +/- 22.2 vs 98.6 +/- 41.4 sec; P < 0.001) and clinical duration of action (33.3 +/- 7.1 vs 44.7 +/- 7.2 min; P < 0.001), but longer spontaneous recovery index (9.6 +/- 2.41 vs 6.9 +/- 1.89 min; P = 0.023) and a similar time to spontaneous recovery to TOF 70%; 53 +/- 6.31 vs 59.2 +/- 7.59 min; P = 0.139). Tracheal intubation was accomplished in < 90 sec in all patients receiving rocuronium but in only 14 of 21 patients receiving atracurium. The incidence of adverse events and the cardiovascular profiles for the two drugs were similar, although one patient receiving atracurium experienced transient flushing of the head and neck.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rocuronium has minimal side effects, provides conditions more suitable for rapid tracheal intubation, and is associated with a shorter clinical duration than atracurium. Once begun, the spontaneous recovery profile of rocuronium is slightly slower than that of atracurium.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Anesthesiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH 44195, USA. whalled@cesmtp.ccf.org
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Whalley
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Maurer
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Knapik
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Estafanous
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015760:Alfentanil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; D000732:Androstanols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001279:Atracurium / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005836:Genitalia, Female / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000187:drug effects*; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010100:Oxygen / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000077123:Rocuronium; D012449:Safety; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000732:Androstanols; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; D015760:Alfentanil; D001279:Atracurium; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D010100:Oxygen; D000077123:Rocuronium; D015742:Propofol