title: Appropriateness of a 4 mg/kg gentamicin or tobramycin loading dose in post-operative septic shock patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the frequency with which early adequate peak serum concentrations (6-12 mg/ litre) can be achieved following a 4 mg/kg loading dose of gentamicin or tobramycin in post-operative septic shock patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven post-operative septic shock patients were grouped into (i) a control group (n=7) who received the conventional gentamicin or tobramycin dosing regimen of 2 mg/kg loading dose followed by a maintenance dose of approximately 1.5mg/kg (peak and trough levels were measured after the third dose), and (ii) a study group (n = 4) who received a tobramycin or gentamicin 4 mg/kg loading dose, followed by 30 min, 3 h and 16 h serum drug level measurements. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a one-compartmental model. Differences in both groups were determined using Student's t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pharmacokinetic parameters in both groups showed no statistically significant difference. The dose from which peak levels were drawn was significantly higher in the study group (4 mg/kg vs. 1.66 mg/kg; P = 0.001), which also resulted in higher but adequate peak serum concentrations (8.9+/-2.2 vs. 4.8+/-1.8 mg/litre). In the study group, linear regression analysis showed significant relationships between dose and peak concentrations and volume of distribution and peak concentrations (r = 0.96, P= 0.01 and r= -0.96, P= 0.01, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One hundred per cent of the post-operative septic shock patients achieved target peak serum concentrations (mean 8.9+/-2.2 mg/litre) following a 4 mg/kg tobramycin or gentamicin loading dose. An expanded Vd (0.46+/-0.13 litres/kg) was also observed.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Howard University, Washington DC 20059, USA.
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Oparaoji
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Siram
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Shoheiber
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Cornwell
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Mezghebe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D013997:Time Factors; D014031:Tobramycin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005839:Gentamicins; D014031:Tobramycin