title: High levels of hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor in diffuse-type bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) is a potent mitogen for various neoplastic cells, including neoplastic bronchial epithelia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunoreactive hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) was measured in extracts prepared from 129 nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) specimens, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. These specimens represented 5 cases of solitary/localized bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma (BAC), 4 cases of diffuse/infiltrative BAC, 90 cases of non-BAC adenocarcinoma, 25 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, and 5 cases of large cell carcinoma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean concentration of immunoreactive HGF/SF was more than 19-fold higher in tissue extracts from diffuse-type BAG (265.0 +/- 110.2 ng/100 mg protein) than in those from solitary-type BAC (13.9 +/- 15.9, P < 0.005), non-BAC adenocarcinoma (13.8 +/- 14.9, P < 0.001), squamous cell carcinoma (13.2 +/- 14.4, P < 0.001), or large cell carcinoma (11.2 +/- 6.5, P < 0.005). When immunohistochemical staining for HGF/SF was performed, intense HGF/SF staining was uniformly observed in diffuse-type BAC tumor cells, but not in solitary-type BAC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although BAC is included as a subtype of adenocarcinoma in the World Health Organization classification, diffuse-type BAC should be considered a distinct biologic entity, at least in terms of HGF/SF expression, from solitary-type BAC or non-BAC adenocarcinoma. In addition, the solitary and diffuse forms of BAC are known to be associated with different prognoses; for the latter, the prognosis is much poorer than for the former. The results of this study may at least partly explain this difference in prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery II, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okabe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuwahara
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshinaga
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shirakusa
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000737:chemistry; D002282:Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar / Q000737:chemistry*; D000368:Aged; D018287:Carcinoma, Large Cell / Q000737:chemistry; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor