Cosmetic use of botulinum A exotoxin for the aging neck.
BACKGROUND
The use of botulinum toxin for facial rhytides has become more popular. In the past, plastic surgery was the only choice for rejuvenation of the aging neck. We discuss the cosmetic use of botulinum toxin for the rejuvenation of the neck and review the anatomy.


OBJECTIVE
We will review the four age-related neck degeneration categories and discuss how to inject botulinum A exotoxin into the platysmal neck bands.


RESULTS
We will discuss how botulinum can tighten neck jowls, eliminate horizontal neck rhytides, and improve skin laxity.


CONCLUSIONS
Botulinum A exotoxin is a safe, effective, alternative treatment for rejuvenation of the aging neck and lower face. Patients are uniformly satisfied and complications are minimal.
Brandt
F S
FS
Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Florida, USA.
Bellman
B
B
D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000379:methods; D009121:Muscle Denervation; D009334:Neck Muscles / Q000187:drug effects*; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012060:Rejuvenation; D015361:Rhytidoplasty; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000187:drug effects*
D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A