title: Presentation, treatment, and outcome of local recurrence afterskin-sparing mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The local recurrence (LR) rate with skin-sparing mastectomy (SSM) and immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) has been reported as comparable to the LR rate after conventional mastectomy. However, limited data are available on the prognostic significance and management of LR following SSM.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective database maintained at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center identified 437 SSMs performed for 372 invasive T1/T2 breast cancers between 1986 and 1993.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-three LRs were identified, with a LR rate of 6.2% (23/372). Twenty-two of these (96%) presented as palpable skin-flap masses. The median time to recurrence was 25 months (range, 3 to 98 months). Fourteen patients were treated with a combination of surgery and systemic therapy. Resection of the reconstructed breast was performed in only three patients. Complete local control of the recurrent disease was achieved in 17 patients (74%). Nine patients (39%) developed distant metastatic disease. At a median follow-up of 26 months, 14 of 23 patients (61%) are alive without evidence of disease, and 7 (30%) have died from breast cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because LR rate with SSM is low and likelihood of local control and survival is high, SSM and IBR is an acceptable treatment option for early stage breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Center, Houston 77030, USA.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kuerer
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kroll
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Ames
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Feig
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Singletary
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000379:methods*; D015413:Mastectomy, Simple / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome