title: Expression of retinoic acid receptor beta in human renal cell carcinomas correlates with sensitivity to the antiproliferative effects of 13-cis-retinoic acid.
abstract: The differentiation and growth suppressive effects of retinoic acid are mediated through retinoic acid nuclear receptors (RARs and RXRs), which are ligand-activated transcription factors. Recent data suggest that both altered and regulated expression of RARs are linked to retinoic acid response in a cell context-dependent manner. This study examined the antiproliferative effects of 13-cis-retinoic acid (cRA) on 12 renal cancer cell lines and correlated these findings with the basal and induced expression of RAR-alpha, -beta and -gamma. Eleven of 12 renal cancers that were either resistant to or only minimally inhibited by cRA did not basally express RAR-beta as determined by Northern blot analysis. In these cells, cRA treatment did not induce RAR-beta expression. In contrast, 1 of 12 cell lines (SK-RC-06) was >90% inhibited by cRA and basally expressed RARbeta. Furthermore, RAR-beta mRNA in SK-RC-06 cells was up-regulated by cRA treatment. Amplification of cDNA using PCR and RAR-beta isoform-specific primer pairs revealed that only SK-RC-06 cells expressed the RAR-beta1 isoform. Expression of RAR-alpha transcripts was abundant in all 12 cell lines examined, whereas low levels of RAR-gamma transcripts were detectable in 6 of 10 renal cancers. Expression of RAR-alpha and RAR-gamma was not affected by cRA. These data showing that the majority of renal cancer cell lines are resistant to cRA suggest that: (a) resistance to the antiproliferative action of cRA correlates with repressed RAR-beta mRNA expression; and (b) the antiproliferative effects of cRA in renal cancer cells are mediated through RAR-beta1.
authors.affiliation: Genitourinary Oncology Research Laboratory, Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Engelstein
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bogenrieder
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Papandreou
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Steckelman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dave
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Motzer
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dmitrovsky
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Albino
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Nanus
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000737:chemistry / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D015474:Isotretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; C082925:retinoic acid receptor beta; D015474:Isotretinoin