title: Long-term consequence of endoscopic sphincterotomy for bile duct stones.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are many reports of early- and intermediate-term results of endoscopic sphincterotomy. However, few data are available on long-term clinical outcome of endoscopic sphincterotomy for removal of common bile duct stones.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 419 patients who underwent endoscopic sphincterotomy, follow-up data were obtained in 410 patients (98%). The period ranged from 1 month to 20 years (average 122 months).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Late complications included recurrence of stones (12.3%), acute cholangitis, acute cholecystitis (22% of 32 patients with gallstones, 0% of 88 patients without gallstones), new gallstone formation (6 patients), liver abscess (5 patients), and biliary carcinoma (8 patients). All of the recurrent stones were bilirubinate irrespective of the type of stone at sphincterotomy. Cholangitis and liver abscess occurred in 31% and 11%, respectively, of patients with residual intrahepatic stones but not in patients with complete intrahepatic stone clearance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Late complications occur in a considerable proportion of patients after endoscopic sphincterotomy for the treatment of common bile duct stones, including stone recurrence, acute cholecystitis (which occurs only in patients with gallstones), liver abscess in patients with residual intrahepatic stones, and biliary carcinoma. The fact that the recurrent stones are invariably of the bilirubinate type, irrespective of the type of stones at initial treatment, suggests that bacterial infestation due to ablation of the sphincter mechanism may have a causative role.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery I, Kyushu University Faculty of Medicine and Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takahata
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Konomi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsunaga
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yokohata
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Utsunomiya
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ikeda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001649:Bile Duct Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D001660:Biliary Tract Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000601:surgery*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015993:Life Tables; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D016717:Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic / Q000009:adverse effects