title: Phase I trial of interleukin 2 in combination with the soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor p75 IgG chimera.
abstract: Our purpose was to determine the effective biological dose and/or maximum tolerated dose of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor receptor:IgG chimera (rhuTNFR:Fc; Immunex, Seattle, WA) in combination with interleukin 2 (IL-2) with regard to reduction in IL-2 toxicity and modulation of biological effects of high-dose IL-2 administration. Twenty-four patients with metastatic cancer were treated with escalating doses of rhuTNFR:Fc at 1, 1, 5, 10, and 20 mg/m2 i.v. on days 1 and 15 (dose levels 1-5) or 10, 20, and 30 mg/m2 days 1 and 15 plus 50% dose on days 3, 5, 17, and 19 (dose levels 6-8) prior to IL-2 at doses of 300,000 IU/kg (dose level 1) and 600,000 IU/kg (dose levels 2-8) i.v. every 8 h on days 1-5 and 15-19. The t1/2 of rhuTNFR in patients receiving IL-2 was 72 h. The median number of IL-2 doses was 24, and central nervous system, skin, and cardiac arrhythmias were the major dose-limiting toxicities. TNF bioactivity was inhibited, and the polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotactic defect normally seen with IL-2 was not observed. Increases in C-reactive protein, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1 receptor antagonist levels were partially suppressed relative to historical controls, whereas peripheral blood mononuclear cell phenotypes, urinary nitrate, endothelial adhesion molecule expression in skin biopsies, and cellular infiltrates in tumor biopsies were consistent with findings in patients treated with IL-2 alone. Four patients developed thyroid dysfunction. There were five responses: two complete responses (both melanoma) and three partial responses (response rate, 21%). rhuTNFR:Fc may modulate the toxicity and some of the biological effects of IL-2 while preserving antitumor activity. Dose level 6 (10 mg/m2 on days 1 and 15, and 5 mg/m2 on days 3, 5, 17, and 19) has been chosen for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of IL-2 with and without rhuTNFR:Fc.
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Hematology-Oncology and Infectious Diseases, Tufts University School of Medicine and New England Medical Center Hospitals, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA.
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Trehu
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Mier
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Dubois
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sorce
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Klempner
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Epstein
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Dinarello
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kappler
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ronayne
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Atkins
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000068800:Etanercept; D005260:Female; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007376:Interleukin-2; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D000068800:Etanercept