title: Atrial fibrillatory electrogram measurement allows atrial lead placement in patients who develop atrial fibrillation during permanent dual chamber pacemaker implantation.
abstract: The benefit of DDD(R) pacing is proven even in patients with intermittent atrial fibrillation. Atrial fibrillation developing during dual chamber pacemaker implantation creates a difficult problem. Maneuvers to reestablish a stable atrial rhythm often are required if atrial fibrillation sets in. This study was performed to determine if atrial lead placement can be performed with acceptable long-term results in the presence of atrial fibrillation. Twenty-one patients in whom atrial fibrillation developed during permanent pacemaker implantation were included in this study. In 12 patients, episodes of intermittent atrial fibrillation had been documented before the procedure. Screw-in leads were used in 15 patients and J-shaped passive fixation leads in 6 patients. All leads were bipolar. The intraoperative atrial fibrillation electrogram amplitudes ranged from 0.9 to 3.2 mV (mean 1.8 +/- 0.6 mV). One patient required lead revision due to a high atrial pacing threshold after conversion to SR. One patient remained in atrial fibrillation at 3-month follow-up. The other 20 patients converted to SR, 11 of whom had intermittent atrial fibrillation with successful mode switch activation. P wave amplitudes were 2.8 +/- .6 mV (range 1.4 to 4.0 mV) after conversion to SR. The mean atrial pacing threshold was 1.1 +/- 0.5 V (range 0.5 to 3.5 V). Placement of atrial leads in patients who develop atrial fibrillation during pacemaker implantation is feasible; fibrillatory electrogram amplitudes showed a good correlation with the atrial signal after conversion to an organized atrial rhythm (r = 0.698). Acceptable atrial pacing thresholds can be expected as well.
authors.affiliation: University of Essen, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Germany. ulrich.wolfhard@uni-essen.de
authors.forename: U F
authors.initials: UF
authors.lastname: Wolfhard
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Eichstaedt
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sack
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dagres
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Knocks
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Splittgerber
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000628:therapy; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000379:methods; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006325:Heart Atria; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors