title: Normalization of fasting glycaemia by intravenous GLP-1 ([7-36 amide] or [7-37]) in type 2 diabetic patients.
abstract: Intravenous GLP-1 [7-36 amide] can normalize fasting hyperglycaemia in Type 2 diabetic patients. Whether GLP-1 [7-37] has similar effects and how quickly plasma glucose concentrations revert to hyperglycaemia after stopping GLP-1 is not known. Therefore, 8 patients with Type 2 diabetes (5 female, 3 male; 65+/-6 years; BMI 34.3+/-7.9 kg m(-2); HbA1c 9.6+/-1.2%; treatment with diet alone (n=2), sulphonylurea (n=5), metformin (n=1)) were examined twice in randomized order. GLP-1 [7-36 amide] or [7-37] (1 pmol kg(-1)min(-1) were infused intravenously over 4 h in fasted subjects. Plasma glucose (glucose-oxidase), insulin and C-peptide (ELISA) was measured during infusion and for 4 h thereafter. Indirect calorimetry was performed. Fasting hyperglycaemia was 11.7+/-0.9 [7-36 amide] and 11.3+/-0.9 mmol l(-1) [7-37]. GLP-1 infusions stimulated insulin secretion approximately 3-fold (insulin peak 168+/-32 and 156+/-47 pmol l(-1), p<0.0001 vs basal; C-peptide peak 2.32+/-0.28 and 2.34+/-0.43 nmol l(-1), p<0.0001, respectively, with GLP-1 [7-36 amide] and [7-37]). Four hours of GLP-1 infusion reduced plasma glucose (4.8+/-0.4 and 4.6+/-0.3 mmol l(-1), p<0.0001 vs basal values), and it remained in the non-diabetic fasting range after a further 4 h (5.1+/-0.4 and 5.3+/-0.4 mmol l(-1), for GLP [7-36 amide] and [7-37], respectively). There were no significant differences between GLP-1 [7-36 amide] and [7-37] (glucose, p=0.99; insulin, p=0.99; C-peptide, p=0.99). Neither glucose oxidation nor lipid oxidation (or any other parameters determined by indirect calorimetry) changed during or after the administration of exogenous GLP-1. In conclusion, GLP-1 [7-36 amide] and [7-37] normalize fasting hyperglycaemia in Type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes therapy (diet, sulphonyl ureas or metformin) does not appear to influence this effect. In fasting and resting patients, the effect persists during administration of GLP-1 and for at least 4 h thereafter, without rebound. Significant changes in circulating substrate concentrations (e.g. glucose) are not accompanied by changes in intracellular substrate metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Ruhr-University, Knappschafts-Krankenhaus, Bochum, Germany. nauck.bochum@+-online.de
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Nauck
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bach
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Orskov
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Holst
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schmiegel
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood; D002153:Calorimetry, Indirect; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005215:Fasting; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005934:Glucagon; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D004763:Glucagon-Like Peptides; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010455:Peptides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; D002784:Cholesterol; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D005934:Glucagon; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D004763:Glucagon-Like Peptides; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010455:Peptides; D014280:Triglycerides; C055453:glucagon-like peptide 1 (7-36)amide; C051322:glucagon-like peptide 1 (7-37)