title: Graft flow as a predictor of thrombosis in hemodialysis grafts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effort to reduce the incidence of graft thrombosis is mainly based on predicting venous stenosis by measuring venous drip chamber pressures. In this study we evaluated whether graft flow measurements, using an ultrasound dilution technique, would be of additional value to identify patients at risk for thrombosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  In fifty consecutive patients with a bridge graft we measured graft flow and venous drip chamber pressure at a dialyzer blood flow of 200 ml/min. The results of these flow measurements were not used for selection of patients, nor for a diagnostic or therapeutic procedure. All thrombotic events and (radiological or surgical) interventions were registered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 17 patient-years were analyzed. In 17 patients an intervention was done, and in 18 patients thrombosis occurred. The incidence rate of thrombosis was higher in patients with a flow < 600 ml/min (N = 13) compared to patients with a flow > 600 ml/min (N = 37; rate ratio 7. 2; 95% CI, range 2.84 to 18.24, P < 0.001). In 4 patients with a flow < 600 ml/min an intervention was done within the first two months after the flow measurement. In the remaining 9 patients, 6 grafts thrombosed within this period. Five interventions were done in patients with a flow > 600 ml/min. In the remaining 32 patients only two developed spontaneous thrombosis. Remarkably, venous drip chamber pressure measurements did not discriminate between patients with graft flow > or < 600 ml/min, and showed a wide range in patients who developed spontaneous thrombosis within two months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We suggest that graft flow measurements are helpful in selecting patients at risk for graft thrombosis.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Nephrology and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Bosman
authors.forename: F T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Boereboom
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Eikelboom
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Koomans
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Blankestijn
mesh_terms: D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology*