title: Superoxide released from neutrophils causes a reduction in nitric oxide gas.
abstract: Exhaled nitric oxide (NO) is increased in some inflammatory airway disorders but not in others such as cystic fibrosis and acute respiratory distress syndrome. NO can combine with superoxide (O-2) to form peroxynitrite, which can decompose into nitrate. Activated polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) releasing O-2 could account for a reduction in exhaled NO in disorders such as cystic fibrosis. To test this hypothesis in vitro, we stimulated confluent cultures of LA-4 cells, a murine lung epithelial cell line, to produce NO. Subsequently, human PMNs stimulated to produce O-2 were added to the LA-4 cells. A gradual increase in NO in the headspace above the cultures was observed and was markedly reduced by the addition of PMNs. An increase in nitrate in the culture supernatant fluids was measured, but no increase in nitrite was detected. Superoxide dismutase attenuated the PMN effect, and xanthine/xanthine oxidase reproduced the effect. No changes in epithelial cell inducible NO synthase protein or mRNA were observed. These data demonstrate that O-2 released from PMNs can decrease NO by conversion to nitrate and suggest a potential mechanism for modulation of NO levels in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Physiology and Biophysics, Overton Brooks Veterans Affairs and Louisiana State University Medical Centers, Shreveport, Louisiana 71101, USA.
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Bryan
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Jinkins
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Grisham
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Owens
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Milligan
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Markewitz
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Robbins
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005740:Gases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008168:Lung / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D009566:Nitrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D016877:Oxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D013481:Superoxides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D005740:Gases; D009566:Nitrates; D016877:Oxidants; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013481:Superoxides; C039642:peroxynitric acid; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; C496319:NOS2 protein, human; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse