title: Comparison of elements in bottlenose dolphins stranded on the beaches of Texas and Florida in the Gulf of Mexico over a one-year period.
abstract: We analyzed tissue samples from bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) that had stranded on beaches in Texas and Florida over a 1-year period starting in September 1991. The concentrations of 10 elements plus methyl mercury (MeHg) were determined in brain, kidney, and liver, and we examined these results for differences based upon age, site, sex, and tissue type. A strong inverse relationship between total mercury (Hg) and the percentage that was MeHg was found in liver, kidney, and brain tissue, presumably due to demethylation of MeHg. A threshold concentration was found for total Hg in brain tissue, indicating that most Hg was present as MeHg up to about 8 years of age. Increases in total Hg after this age were accompanied by an increase in the ratio of total Hg to MeHg, indicating demethylation. Strong relationships were found between total Hg in liver and age and between total Hg and selenium in liver, which have been observed before in many fish- and squid-eating marine mammals. The only difference based on sex of the animals was observed for MeHg, which was higher in females and contrary to the pattern often observed for organic contaminants. Several elements (copper, Hg, lead, zinc) exhibited intersite differences, which were not consistent. Bottlenose dolphin from Florida exhibited the highest levels of MeHg and total Hg, while animals from Texas exhibited the highest levels of lead, copper, and zinc. The essential elements copper and zinc were expected to be the same for the Texas and Florida animals; however, observed differences may indicate population differences in basic physiological levels, dietary intake, or health status.
authors.affiliation: Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. East, Seattle, Washington 98112, USA.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Meador
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ernest
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Hohn
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tilbury
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gorzelany
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Worthy
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Stein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001267:Atlantic Ocean; D004289:Dolphins / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005431:Florida; D008297:Male; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D008767:Methylmercury Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D013781:Texas; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D008767:Methylmercury Compounds; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical