title: Vestibular schwannoma management. Part I. Failed microsurgery and the role of delayed stereotactic radiosurgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to analyze patient outcomes and to define the role of radiosurgery in patients who have undergone prior microsurgical resection of their vestibular schwannoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors evaluated the pre- and postoperative clinical and neuroimaging characteristics of 76 consecutive patients with 78 vestibular schwannomas who underwent radiosurgery after previous surgical resection. Twenty-nine patients (37% of tumors) had undergone more than one prior resection. Forty-three patients (55% of tumors) had significant impairment of facial nerve function (House-Brackmann Grades III-VI) after their microsurgical procedure; 50% had trigeminal sensory loss, and 96% had poor speech discrimination (< 50%). The median evaluation period following radiosurgery was 43 months (range 12-101 months). Tumor growth control after radiosurgery was achieved in 73 tumors (94%). Six patients underwent additional surgical resection despite radiosurgery (median of 32 months after radiosurgery), and one patient underwent repeated radiosurgery for tumor progression outside the irradiated volume. Eleven (23%) of 47 patients with Grades I to III facial function before radiosurgery developed increased facial weakness after radiosurgery. Eleven patients (14%) developed new trigeminal symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radiosurgery proved to be a safe and effective alternative to additional microsurgery in patients in whom the initial microsurgical removal failed. Stereotactic radiosurgery should be considered for all patients who have regrowth or progression of previously surgically treated vestibular schwannomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Pollock
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Lunsford
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Flickinger
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Clyde
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kondziolka
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003391:Cranial Nerves / Q000528:radiation effects; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D009464:Neuroma, Acoustic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D016634:Radiosurgery / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015837:Vestibular Diseases / Q000601:surgery