title: Prepregnant weight and weight gain during pregnancy: relationship to functional status, symptoms, and energy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship of prepregnancy weight and pregnancy weight gain to functional status, physical symptoms, and physical energy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Longitudinal panel, with data collected at the end of each trimester. Functional status was measured by the Inventory of Functional Status-Antepartum Period; physical symptoms, by the Symptoms Checklist; and physical energy, by a one-item question. Self-reported weight and height were used to calculate body mass index (BMI), using the formula weight[kg]/height[m2].
  
  
  METHODS
  Women's homes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred twenty-two women, whose pregnancies were low-risk, drawn from a larger study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women were classified by prepregnancy BMI as underweight (BMI < 19.8), normal weight (BMI = 19.8-26.0), or overweight (BMI > 26.0). The groups did not differ in weight gain by trimester, for an average total weight gain of 30.56 lb (SD = 10.18, range = 1-64) (p > .05), with overweight women therefore gaining less weight on a percentage basis (M = 16.87%) than women who were of normal weight (M = 23.58%) or were underweight (M = 26.02%) (p < .00005). The groups did not differ in functional status, physical energy, or number or type of physical symptoms. Women who gained more than the recommended amount of weight for their prepregnant weight group had a lower level of 3rd trimester functional status than those who did not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Individual counseling of women regarding food intake and excessive weight gain during pregnancy needs to be reconsidered in light of these findings.
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvania, School of Nursing, Philadelphia 19104-6096, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tulman
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Morin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fawcett
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D009773:Obstetric Nursing; D011247:Pregnancy; D011264:Pregnancy Trimesters / Q000502:physiology*; D015430:Weight Gain