title: Prader-Willi-like syndrome in a patient with an Xq23q25 duplication.
abstract: We report on a 24-year old woman with an Xq duplication and findings suggestive of Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). Her birth weight was at the 3rd centile and her birth length was less than the 3rd centile. She was hypotonic and had a weak cry as an infant. There were no feeding difficulties, although her mother reports that as an infant, she was "small for her age." Excessive weight gain began between 3 and 4 years. The patient's development was delayed and she received special education. She has a history of hiding food. She has a sleep disturbance disorder and inappropriate social behavior. At the age of 24 years her height was below the 5th centile and weight >>95th centile. She has physical findings typical of PWS, skin picking, and speech articulation defects. Cytogenetic analysis showed a 46,X,dup(X)(q23q25) karyotype. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) studies using a chromosome X painting probe demonstrated that the rearrangement was intrachromosomal. The X-chromosome fold scoring technique was used to determine the X inactivation pattern and indicated that some cells expressed the abnormal X chromosome. Results of FISH studies using the SNRPN probe localized to 15q11q13 and DNA studies using the PW71B and SNRPN probes were normal. The duplicated X chromosome, random X inactivation pattern, and the negative molecular studies for PWS indicate that the abnormal X chromosome is the basis of this patient's phenotype. This patient emphasizes the importance of obtaining a karyotype even when a syndrome diagnosable by molecular methods is strongly suspected.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Monaghan
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Van Dyke
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Feldman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002871:Chromosome Banding; D005260:Female; D020440:Gene Duplication; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D011218:Prader-Willi Syndrome / Q000235:genetics*; D014960:X Chromosome