title: [Hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis (HBID) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder with incomplete penetrance. It is characterized by bilateral limbal conjunctival plaques combined with similar changes in the oral mucosa.
  
  
  METHODS
  An 11-year-old African-American patient presented with bilateral chronic conjunctivitis, nasal and temporal limbal conjunctival plaques, and plaques of the oral mucosa, all of which resisted therapy. The onset of the symptoms was in early childhood. Conjunctival smears, allergy tests, blood samples and the internal examination were inconclusive. Histologically, the ocular lesions showed acanthosis, parakeratosis, hyperkeratosis and dyskeratosis. An infiltrate of chronic inflammatory cells was present beneath the intact epithelial basement membrane.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The clinical and histological findings are characteristic of HBID. Symptoms usually start in early childhood and show a waxing and waning course. HBID was first seen among Haliwa Indians in North Carolina. In the meantime HBID has been described in other parts of the US and also in Europe. As these patients were not related to any of the Haliwa Indians, they are considered new mutations. Malignant changes of the conjunctival or oral lesions have not been reported.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dithmar
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Stulting
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Grossniklaus
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D019871:Dyskeratosis Congenita / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007637:Keratoconjunctivitis / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male
vernacular_title: Hereditäre benigne intraepitheliale Dyskeratose.