title: Effect of fungal alkaloids on the development of pregnancy and endocrine foetal-placental function in the goat.
abstract: The response to Claviceps purpurea sclerotia administration in pregnant goats was examined in terms of changes in the levels of plasma hormones, the development of pregnancy and kid production. Six treated goats were each given 15 mg milled sclerotia (i.e. 0.105 mg ergotamine) per kilogram live weight twice daily via a stomach tube from days 98 +/- 2 to 107 +/- 2 of gestation. Seven control goats were given water twice daily via a stomach tube during the same period of gestation. The goats were observed for clinical signs of disease, rectal temperatures and live weights were recorded and the condition of the foetuses was monitored by real-time ultrasonography. All control goats delivered live kids. In the treated group two goats aborted 33 and 47 days, respectively, after the start of the administration period, two goats each delivered one normal and one weak kid, and the two remaining goats delivered apparently normal kids. All six treated goats became depressed and had poor appetite during the period of sclerotia administration. Rectal temperatures were significantly increased and live weight changes significantly decreased in the animals in the treated group compared to the control group during the period of C. purpurea administration. Ultrasound examination revealed that foetal deaths occurred between 1 and 42 days before abortion or birth. The appearance of the aborted foetuses varied from fresh to mummified, depending on the number of days between foetal death and expulsion. Microbiological and serological investigations revealed no infectious causes of reproductive failure. The level of 15-ketodihydro-PGF2 alpha was high in goats that aborted following administration of C. purpurea compared with the level in control goats. The oestrone sulphate level did not increase before abortion in the treated goats as in the controls before parturition. There were also changes in these hormones in the four treated goats that delivered live kids, but the changes were considerably smaller. These findings indicate that the endocrine foetal-placental function was disturbed, probably due to injury caused by the C. purpurea toxin ergotamine in the placenta and foetus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproduction and Forensic Medicine, Norwegian College of Veterinary Medicine, Oslo, Norway. inge.engeland@veths.no
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vogt Engeland
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Andresen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ropstad
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kindahl
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Waldeland
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Daskin
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Olav Eik
mesh_terms: D000034:Abortion, Veterinary / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D002967:Claviceps / Q000378:metabolism*; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D004702:Endocrine Glands / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D004878:Ergotamine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004970:Estrone / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000662:veterinary; D006041:Goats / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D006340:Heart Rate, Fetal / Q000502:physiology; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014124:Toxoplasmosis, Animal / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; C008228:15-keto-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin F2alpha; D004970:Estrone; D011374:Progesterone; D015237:Dinoprost; D004878:Ergotamine