title: Course of valvular strands in patients with stroke: cooperative study with transesophageal echocardiography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Native valve strands might be related to the acute stage of thrombosis or might suggest a long-term valvular change. We aimed to estimate changes in the strands in patients with stroke through a serial transesophageal echocardiographic (TEE) study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A study was conducted among patients who were referred for TEE for stroke or cardiac pathology. Patients had TEE examinations with a 5-MHz multiplane TEE probe. Echocardiography was repeated 3 months later in patients with stroke. TEE was performed in 180 patients admitted to cardiology units and in 160 patients referred to neurology units. Among 34 patients with valvular strands, 30 were referred to neurology for stroke, whereas 4 patients were admitted to cardiology (18.8% versus 2.2%, difference 16.5%, 95% confidence interval 10% to 22.9%, P =.001). Strands were located on the mitral valve in 16 patients, the aortic valve in 6 patients, and both left heart valves in 8 patients. Among the 38 valves with strands, 17 (44. 7%) were morphologically normal, 4 (10.5%) were thickened, 7 (18.4%) were redundant, and 10 (26.3%) had both abnormalities. TEE showed other abnormalities in 16 (53.3%) patients, whereas 14 patients had only strands. Twenty-six (86.6%) patients had a second TEE study 3 months later. Strands were not found in 4 (15.4%) patients (95% confidence interval 4.3% to 34.9%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Valvular thickening or redundancy may predispose valves to strand formation. Native valve strands usually persist and thus reflect a chronic valvular change.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Disease and Ataxia Research Center, Pierre Wertheimer Hospital Lyon, France.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nighoghossian
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Derex
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Perinetti
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Honnorat
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barthelet
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Loire
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Adeleine
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Dayoub
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Servan
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moreau
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Confavreux
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ryvlin
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mauguière
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hernette
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Broussolle
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chazot
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tiliket
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vighetto
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Riche
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bourrat
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Trouillas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000473:pathology*; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D006351:Heart Valves / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors