title: The microglia/macrophage response in the neonatal rat facial nucleus following axotomy.
abstract: Microglia represent a population of brain macrophage precursor cells which are intrinsic to the CNS parenchyma. Transection of the facial nerve in the newborn rat causes death of the affected motor neurons which is accompanied by massive activation of local microglia. Many of these cells develop into macrophages as can be shown by immunocytochemistry for OX-42 and ED1. Using the new polyclonal microglial marker ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1, iba1, in combination with immunocytochemical double-labeling for the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), or [3H]thymidine autoradiography, and confocal microscopy, qualitative as well as quantitative differences can be demonstrated between the newborn and the adult axotomized rat facial nucleus. While microglial cells are the only cell population which responds to axotomy by cell division in the adult facial nucleus, GFAP positive reactive astrocytes can be shown to undergo mitosis following axotomy in the newborn rat. Furthermore, ED1 immunoreactivity, early expression of MHC class II molecules and morphological transformation of microglia into macrophages can only be observed under conditions of neuronal degeneration, i.e., in the neonatal rat facial nucleus. Thus, the combination of cellular markers described here should be useful for studies employing the neonatal rat facial nucleus as an in vivo assay system to test the efficacy of neurotrophic factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuromorphology, Max-Planck-Institute for Psychiatry, Martinsried 82152, Germany.
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Graeber
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: López-Redondo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ikoma
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Kreutzberg
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kohsaka
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D019771:Axotomy; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D002455:Cell Division / Q000276:immunology; D005154:Facial Nerve / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology* / Q000601:surgery; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology*; D008285:Major Histocompatibility Complex; D008297:Male; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D017628:Microglia / Q000276:immunology*; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000737:chemistry; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000276:immunology; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: C100745:Aif1 protein, rat; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen