title: Effect of calmodulin on Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release of skeletal muscle from mutant mice expressing either ryanodine receptor type 1 or type 3.
abstract: We analyzed the effects of calmodulin (CaM) on Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release (CICR) in mouse skeletal muscle cells expressing only ryanodine receptor type 1 (RyR-1) or type 3 (RyR-3) following targeted disruption of one of the RyR genes. Under Mg2+-free conditions, CaM potentiated CICR via RyR-3 at low Ca2+ concentrations (pCa>/=6) but inhibited CICR at high Ca2+ concentrations (pCa</=5). On the other hand, CaM potentiated CICR via RyR-1 between pCa 7 and pCa 5. Greater concentrations of CaM were required for potentiation of CICR at pCa 6 than for the inhibition at pCa 5 in the RyR-3-expressing cells. Similarly, higher concentrations of CaM were required for the potentiation of CICR via RyR-1 at pCa 6 than potentiation at pCa 5. In the presence of Mg2+ and beta,gamma-methyleneadenosine 5'-trisphosphate (AMPOPCP), the same differential effects of CaM on the CICR via the different subtypes of RyR were observed. These data suggest that multiple CaM-binding sites are involved in the differential effects on RyR-1 and RyR-3. These effects of CaM are important for the evaluation of the physiological roles of RyRs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Saitama Medical School, Moroyama-machi, Saitama 350-0495, Japan. tikemoto@saitama-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikemoto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takeshima
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iino
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Endo
mesh_terms: D000227:Adenine Nucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015870:Gene Expression; D008274:Magnesium / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009154:Mutation; D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000227:Adenine Nucleotides; D002147:Calmodulin; D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium