title: TX-1877: design, synthesis, and biological activities as a BRM-functional hypoxic cell radiosensitizer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  2-Nitroimidazole acetamide TX-1877 and its derivatives (TX-1877 analogs) were designed, synthesized, and evaluated by their in vitro and in vivo radiosensitization, tumor growth control, suppression of lung metastasis, and immunopotentiation, as biological response modifier (BRM)-functional hypoxic cell radiosensitizers.
  
  
  METHODS
  TX-1877 analogs were designed and synthesized in our laboratory. In vitro radiosensitizing ability was estimated using EMT6/KU cells under hypoxic conditions. In vivo radiosensitization, antimetastasis, and immunopotentiation were evaluated using female C3H/He mice bearing the SCCVII tumor. Days (15 or 10) after the inoculation of 10(5) SCCVII tumor cells into the hinder thigh, a drug (0.4 mg/g) was administered i.p. and local irradiation of 30 Gy was given at 30 min after its administration. Tumor growth was observed for 20 days and mice were euthanized to count the number of metastatic nodules on the surface of the lungs. Tumor tissues were extirpated and stained by the ABC method at 1, 2, and 3 weeks after treatment for immunological evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Novel types of bifunctional radiosensitizers, TX-1877 and its analogs possessing BRM-functions (i.e., antimetastatic and immunopotentiation effects) were developed. In vitro radiosensitizing abilities of TX-1877 and its analogs, with their partition coefficient values of more than 0.050, were comparable to misonidazole (MISO) at their doses of 1 mM. Tumor regrowth was suppressed evidently 20 days after the treatment in the irradiated group with TX-1877 (TX-1877 plus R) and with KIN-806 (KIN-806 plus R). The former group reduced markedly the mean number of metastatic lung nodules regardless of radiation therapy. TX-1877 and KIN-806 plus R induced helper T lymphocytes. The TX-1877, TX-1877 plus R, KIN-806, and KIN-806 plus R enhanced macrophage infiltration for 3 weeks after treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TX-1877 is an excellent BRM-functional hypoxic cell radiosensitizer, expected to be useful for clinical use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kasai
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagasawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuwasaka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oshodani
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nishioka
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inayama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inomata
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hori
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000187:drug effects*; D015195:Drug Design; D005260:Female; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000556:secondary; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000532:radiotherapy; D009593:Nitroimidazoles / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C115855:2-nitroimidazole acetamide; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D009593:Nitroimidazoles; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents