title: Pharmacological characterization of endothelin-induced contraction in the guinea-pig oesophageal muscularis mucosae.
abstract: 1. In the oesophageal muscularis mucosae, we examined the effects of endothelin-1 (ET-1), endothelin-2 (ET-2), endothelin-3 (ET-3) and sarafotoxin S6c (SX6c) as agonists, and FR139317, BQ-123 and RES-701-1 as endothelin receptor antagonists. 2. All of the endothelins produced tonic contractions which were frequently superimposed on rhythmic motility in a concentration-dependent manner. The order of potency (-log EC50) was ET-1 (8.61)=SX6c (8.65)>ET-2 (8.40)>ET-3 (8.18). 3. FR139317 (1-3 microM) and BQ-123 (1 microM) caused parallel rightward shifts of the concentration-response curve to ET-1, but at higher concentrations caused no further shift. RES-701-1 (3 microM) caused a rightward shift of the concentration-response curve to ET-1, while RES-701-1 (10 microM) had no additional effect. RES-701-1 (0.1-1 microM) concentration-dependently caused a rightward shift of the concentration-response curve to SX6c. The contraction to ET-1 (10 nM) in preparations desensitized to the actions of SX6c was greatly inhibited by pretreatment with FR139317 (10 microM). 4. Modulation of the Ca2+ concentration in the Krebs solution caused the concentration-response curve to ET-1 or SX6c to shift to the right and downward as external Ca2+ concentrations decreased. Verapamil (30 microM) abolished rhythmic motility induced by ET-1 or SX6c. Ni2+ (0.1 mM) weakly inhibited ET-1- or SX6c-induced tonic contraction. SK&F 96365 (60 microM) completely inhibited ET-1-induced contractions. 5. We conclude that there are two types of ET-receptors, excitatory ET(A)- and ET(B)-receptors in the oesophageal muscularis mucosae. These receptors mediate tonic contractions predominantly by opening receptor-operated Ca2+ channels (ROCs) and partly by opening T-type Ca2+ channels, and mediate rhythmic motility by opening L-type Ca2+ channels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yuzuki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kamikawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001381:Azepines / Q000494:pharmacology; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000187:drug effects; D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D019333:Endothelin-2 / Q000494:pharmacology; D019334:Endothelin-3 / Q000494:pharmacology; D016232:Endothelins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000187:drug effects*; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects*; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000494:pharmacology; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin / Q000819:agonists / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects*; D014757:Viper Venoms / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001381:Azepines; D015220:Calcium Channels; D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D019332:Endothelin-1; D019333:Endothelin-2; D019334:Endothelin-3; D016232:Endothelins; D007093:Imidazoles; D007211:Indoles; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin; D014757:Viper Venoms; C057354:sarafotoxins s6; C079574:FR 139317; C087120:RES 701-1; C063159:1-(2-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propoxy)-4-methoxyphenylethyl)-1H-imidazole; C072247:cyclo(Trp-Asp-Pro-Val-Leu)