title: Indinavir crystalluria: identification of patients at increased risk of developing nephrotoxicity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the protease inhibitor indinavir sulfate, which is extremely insoluble at physiologic pH levels and which is known to be associated with nephrolithiasis, is associated with crystalluria at a usual therapeutic dose.
  
  
  METHODS
  Freshly voided urine from 27 male human immunodeficiency virus patients being treated with indinavir at a dose of 800 mg, tid, in an outpatient setting and from 20 healthy subjects undergoing routine physical examination was subjected to dipstick urinalysis and microscopic examination of urinary sediments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three (11%) of 27 patients treated with indinavir developed highly characteristic crystalluria during the course of therapy. No such crystals were observed in the urine of the 20 healthy subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Indinavir crystalluria was identified in asymptomatic patients treated with usual therapeutic doses of the drug. Screening urines of patients taking indinavir may be useful in identifying patients at risk for developing nephrotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Trainor
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Steinberg
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Austin
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Solomon
mesh_terms: D003460:Crystallization; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D019469:Indinavir / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000652:urine*; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000139:chemically induced; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D014556:Urine / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D019469:Indinavir