title: Effects of combretastatin on murine tumours monitored by 31P MRS, 1H MRS and 1H MRI.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Combretastatins have tubulin-binding activity and are being investigated for their toxicity against tumour vasculature. We report the use of 31P and 'H magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy and 1H MR imaging for monitoring the effects of combretastatin A-4 prodrug (100mg/kg, i.p.) on energy metabolism and necrosis, respectively, in the C3H murine mammary tumour.
  
  
  METHODS
  The tumours (volume ca. 200mm3) were grown in the hind foot of mice. MR examinations were performed without anaesthesia within a 7.1 Tesla magnet. 31P MRS (TR = 6 s) was performed before treatment and at 1-, 2-, 3-, and 24-h after injection of drug or saline via an i.p. line. 1H MRS (PRESS; 24microl voxel; TR = 2 s; TE = 135 ms) and both T1-weighted (TR = 0.2 s; TE = 0.02 s) and T2-weighted (TR = 2 s; TE = 0.20 s) 1H MRI were performed before treatment and 2.5 and 24 h afterwards.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ratio beta-nucleotide triphosphate/inorganic phosphate fell by 33% within 1 h of treatment and remained constant for a further 2 h. A small but significant fall in pH (by 0.11 units) was observed at 1 h. Although an increase in the 1H MR spectroscopy signal at about 1.32 ppm (predominantly from lactate) was observed in some tumours following combretastatin treatment, this effect was not seen consistently. No changes in the intensity of T2-weighted 1H MR images or in tumour necrosis (measured histologically) were detected within 3 h of treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The reduction in tumour energetics and pH was consistent with a reduction in tumour blood flow but this occurred before any significant incidence of haemorrhagic necrosis was detected. The combretastatin dose used to achieve these effects was less than one tenth of the maximum tolerated dose in mice.
authors.affiliation: Gray Laboratory Cancer Research Trust, Northwood, Middx, UK. maxwell@graylab.ac.uk
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Maxwell
authors.forename: F U
authors.initials: FU
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Breidahl
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stødkilde-Jørgensen
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Horsman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001632:Bibenzyls / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D006859:Hydrogen; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D015674:Mammary Neoplasms, Animal / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D009336:Necrosis; D010758:Phosphorus; D013267:Stilbenes
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D001632:Bibenzyls; D013267:Stilbenes; D010758:Phosphorus; C040105:combretastatin; D006859:Hydrogen