title: Community pharmacy practice in Japan--results of a survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To survey the present condition of community pharmacies as future sites for pharmacy students' externship in Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire consisting of 55 questions was sent to 425 graduates from Kobe Gakuin University, School of Pharmacy, who owned or worked in community pharmacies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 85 responders, about half were owners and half employees of pharmacies. Ninety per cent of pharmacy owners operated three and fewer pharmacies. Fifty per cent of pharmacies only dispensed drugs, 32% handled both OTC drugs and dispensing, and 18% handled only OTC drugs. Among the 44 dispensing pharmacies, 16 were one-to-one type pharmacies, 13 were located in front of the big medical institutions, nine dispensed prescriptions from various medical institutions and five were hospital-owned pharmacies. Forty-five per cent of pharmacies employed 1-4 part-time pharmacists and 52% employed 1-4 pharmacist assistants. Thirty-one per cent of prescriptions came from internal medicine departments and the daily number of prescriptions dispensed by each pharmacy was in the range 10-99 for 41% of the pharmacies and 100-199 for 36% of the pharmacies. The average daily number of prescriptions dispersed by each pharmacist was in the range 30-39 for 29% of pharmacies and in the range 20-29 for 22% of pharmacies. Pharmaceutical information was provided at 73% of pharmacies and patients were counselled orally on their medication at 80% of pharmacies. Patients' medication histories were recorded at 88% pharmacies. Only 15% of pharmacies conducted patients' medication counselling at their home, but 34% of pharmacies were planning to start this service. Community pharmacists attended very few professional meetings or continuing education programmes and only 20% of them obtained information through computers. Forty-seven pharmacists out of the 85 obtained their information from medical representatives of pharmaceutical companies and 32 pharmacists through marketing specialists of wholesalers. Ninety per cent of community pharmacists who responded thought that separation of prescribing and dispensing functions would progress further in the future and 50% of them thought positively about the future social status of pharmacists. Most of our graduates who responded were willing to accept pharmacy students from Kobe Gakuin University as externs at their pharmacies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the low response rate, our survey suggests that community pharmacy in Japan requires substantial improvement. This is to ensure that pharmacists working in that sector can provide the quality information that is required for the optimum management of patients and that the environment is suitable for pharmacy externships.
authors.affiliation: Center for Clinical Pharmacy Research and Education, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iguchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohnishi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishiyama
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hosono
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Umezawa
mesh_terms: D003625:Data Collection; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004512:Education, Pharmacy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D010594:Pharmacies / Q000592:standards; D010604:Pharmacy; D000078329:Workforce