title: Risk factors for mortality in young children living under various socio-economic conditions in Lahore, Pakistan: with particular reference to inbreeding.
abstract: Risk factors such as maternal age, parity, previous siblings' death, inbreeding of parents, birth weight, birth length were examined in a population-based prospective study in four population groups at different levels of urbanization in and round Lahore, Pakistan. From September 1984 to March 1995, 2967 full-term, single born infants were followed from the 5th month of gestation to 12 months of age. Logistic regression analysis showed a significant relative risk (RR) of infant death associated with parents' consanguinity (RR = 1.8), birth weight (RR = 1.8) and elder siblings' death (RR = 1.7). The risk attributed to these factors was 28, 17 and 25%, respectively. The number of lethal equivalents per gamete is about one. The B/A ratio 10.36 suggests that the genetic load is likely to be mutational. In countries like Pakistan, where consanguinity is favourably practiced, a substantial proportion of infant deaths may be prevented by cessation of such marriages. The implications of this finding for the Pakistani community are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Preventive Paediatrics, King Edward Medical College, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yaqoob
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cnattingius
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jalil
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zaman
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Iselius
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Gustavson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003241:Consanguinity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007226:Infant Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010154:Pakistan; D012307:Risk Factors; D012923:Social Class