title: Effects of intravenous omega-3 and omega-6 fat emulsion on cytokine production and delayed type hypersensitivity in burned rats receiving total parenteral nutrition.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effects of fat emulsions containing omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on fatty acid profile, cytokine production, and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) in burned rats receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  A fat emulsion containing only eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was prepared (omega-3 fat emulsion). Sprague-Dawley rats were fed fat-free chow for 2 weeks and were divided into three groups according to the contents of TPN. Groups C (n = 11) and C' (n = 14) received fat-free TPN. Group omega6 received safflower oil emulsion containing linoleic acid (omega-6 PUFA) (n = 11). Group omega3 (n = 11) received safflower oil emulsion (19% of total caloric intake) and fat emulsion containing only EPA and DHA (1% of total calories). On day 5, all rats except for those in group C' were subjected to a 20% full-thickness burn. Group C' did not receive burns. After 48 hours, the rats were killed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The interleukin (IL)-8 concentration was significantly 45% lower in group omega3 than in group C (p < .05). The IL-10 concentration was significantly 15% lower in group omega3 than in group omega6 (p < .05). The IL-6 concentration was increased in group omega6 but not in group omega3 when compared with group C. The IL-6 and IL-8 were not detected in group C'. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) concentrations were increased by burn injury, but there were no significant differences among the burned groups. Cell-mediated immunity was thus significantly decreased in burned groups (groups C, omega6, and omega3; p < .01). However, the decrease of DTH was smaller in group omega3 and significantly greater when compared with groups C and omega6 (p < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  omega-6 PUFAs increased serum inflammatory cytokine levels in a stressed state. omega-3 fat emulsion reduced IL-8 and IL-10 levels and prevented immunosuppression in burned rats that were receiving TPN.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Surgery, Chiba University, School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tashiro
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamamori
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morishima
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Otsubo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugiura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nitta
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ito
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002056:Burns / Q000628:therapy*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000097:blood; D004655:Emulsions; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000097:blood; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D008297:Male; D010289:Parenteral Nutrition, Total; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012450:Safflower Oil / Q000494:pharmacology; D013929:Thromboxane B2 / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004655:Emulsions; D005227:Fatty Acids; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D013929:Thromboxane B2; D012450:Safflower Oil; D015232:Dinoprostone