title: A strategy for the use of cardiac injury markers (troponin I and T, creatine kinase-MB mass and isoforms, and myoglobin) in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To design a strategy for cardiac injury marker testing in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study. Group I (n=54 patients): evaluation of clinical performance. Specimens collected at 0, 3, 6, and 12 (+/-1.5) hours after presentation. World Health Organization criteria were used for diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. Group II (n=57 patients): evaluation of temporal evolution. Time intervals 0 to 1.5, 1.5 to 4.5, 4.5 to 7.5, and 7.5 to 13.5 hours. Patients identified by positive creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) mass or myoglobin. Fourteen patients in Group I qualified for Group II. Hence, the total number of patients was 97.
  
  
  METHODS
  A team of laboratorians and clinicians at the University of California, Davis, hospital assessed the clinical performance and temporal evolution of serial CK-MB isoform, troponin I, and troponin T results in comparison to parallel CK-MB mass and myoglobin results.
  
  
  METHODS
  Group I: sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. Group II: the time interval of the first positive result for each cardiac injury marker. Strategy and conclusions were based on study results and a literature review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Emergency department patients with acute onset of chest pain and other complaints, possibly indicative of myocardial ischemia, who were under evaluation for admission.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-seven cases of acute myocardial infarction were documented. Group I: troponin I had the highest specificity (100%) and the highest positive predictive value (100%); troponin I, troponin T, and CK-MB mass had the highest sensitivity (90.0%); and the negative predictive values of troponin I, troponin T, and CK-MB mass were comparable (97.8%, 97.6%, and 97.6%, respectively). Group II: early diagnosis (within 1.5 hours) was provided by both CK-MB isoforms and CK-MB mass, and then by myoglobin and troponins, in order of decreasing frequency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Creatine kinase-MB mass, myoglobin, and troponin I were selected as the cardiac injury markers of choice at our institution. The strategy calls for serial testing of myoglobin and CK-MB mass initially-and serially if warranted by heightened clinical suspicion--with troponin I added if indicated for (1) specific confirmation, (2) late presentation, or (3) risk stratification.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Health System, USA.
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Kost
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Kirk
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Omand
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009211:Myoglobin / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D019210:Troponin I / Q000378:metabolism*; D020107:Troponin T / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007527:Isoenzymes; D009211:Myoglobin; D019210:Troponin I; D020107:Troponin T; D003402:Creatine Kinase