title: Extraction of incurred sulphamethazine in swine tissue by microwave assisted extraction and quantification without clean up by high performance liquid chromatography following derivatization with dimethylaminobenzaldehyde.
abstract: A rapid and reliable method using microwave energy is described for the extraction of spiked and incurred (freeze-dried and fresh) sulphamethazine residues from swine tissues/organs (muscle, liver and kidney). Incurred tissues were obtained from an abattoir and freeze-dried pig tissue reference materials were produced as part of a reference material study for the Community Bureau of References, European Communities. The extraction was achieved by irradiating the sample in methanol for 25 s in a household microwave oven, commonly referred to as microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). The extracts were analysed without clean-up by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a C18 column and detected at 450 nm after derivatization with 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (DMABA) in a heated rector at 40 degrees C. The limit of quantitation was 2.5 micrograms kg-1 of wet tissues. A comparison of MAE with an homogenization technique indicated that MAE worked extremely well for freeze-dried samples, while it showed significant variation for wet tissues. No sulphamethazine was detected in retail pork meat and liver samples when analysed by the MAE technique.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Food and Animal Research, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Canada.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Akhtar
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Crooks
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sauve
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004350:Drug Residues; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D008872:Microwaves; D013418:Sulfamethazine / Q000032:analysis*; D013552:Swine; D004124:p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D013418:Sulfamethazine; D004124:p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene