title: Anion gap and hypoalbuminemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To show how hypoalbuminemia lowers the anion gap, which can mask a significant gap acidosis; and to derive a correction factor for it.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intensive care unit in a university-affiliated hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine normal subjects and 152 critically ill patients (265 measurements).
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Arterial blood samples analyzed for pH, PCO2, and concentrations of plasma electrolytes and proteins. Marked hypoalbuminemia was common among the critically ill patients: 49% of them had serum albumin concentration of <20 g/L. Each g/L decrease in serum albumin caused the observed anion gap to underestimate the total concentration of gap anions by 0.25 mEq/L (r2 = .94).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The observed anion gap can be adjusted for the effect of abnormal serum albumin concentrations as follows: adjusted anion gap = observed anion gap + 0.25 x ([normal albumin] [observed albumin]), where albumin concentrations are in g/L; if given in g/dL, the factor is 2.5. This adjustment returns the anion gap to the familiar scale of values that apply when albumin concentration is normal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, St. Peter's Hospital, State University of New York, Albany, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Figge
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jabor
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kazda
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fencl
mesh_terms: D000138:Acidosis / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D000838:Anions; D001158:Arteries; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D012016:Reference Values; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000838:Anions; D004573:Electrolytes; D012709:Serum Albumin; D002245:Carbon Dioxide