title: Axial loading of the spine during CT and MR in patients with suspected lumbar spinal stenosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of compressive axial loading in imaging of the lumbar spine in patients with clinically suspected spinal stenosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 84 patients were examined, 50 with CT (after intrathecal contrast administration) and 34 with MR. First the dural sac cross-sectional area (CSA) was determined with the patient in the supine psoas relaxed position (PRP). Then the CSA was determined during supine axial compression in slight extension (ACE), obtained with a specially designed loading device. A measurement error study was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A minimum difference in CSA of 15 mm2 between PRP and ACE was found to be significant. In 40/50 (80%) of CT-examined patients and in 26/34 (76%) of MR-examined patients a significant difference in CSA was found. In 25/84 (30%) of the patients there was a significant difference at more than one level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For an adequate evaluation of the CSA, CT or MR studies should be performed with axial loading in patients who have symptoms of lumbar spinal stenosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.
authors.forename: B I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Danielson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Willén
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gaulitz
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Niklason
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Hansson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019245:Compressive Strength; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013128:Spinal Osteophytosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D013130:Spinal Stenosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016683:Supine Position; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D016474:Weight-Bearing