title: Expression of pancreatic alpha-amylase protein and messenger RNA in hilar primitive bile ducts and hepatocytes during human fetal liver organogenesis: an immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to evaluate the expression of pancreatic digestive enzymes in hilar bile ducts and hepatocytes during human fetal liver organogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the expression of pancreatic alpha-amylase protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) in hilar primitive bile ducts and hepatocytes by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization techniques, using 11 human fetal livers of various gestational ages. The specificity of the immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization procedures was confirmed by Western blot analysis and in situ hybridization using sense probes, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunoreactivity of pancreatic alpha-amylase protein and expression of pancreatic alpha-amylase mRNA were present not only in the primitive ductal cells of the hilar region including the ductal plate, remodelling bile ducts and remodeled bile ducts but also in primitive hepatocytes of the hilar region, though the immunoreactivity and mRNA signals in the primitive hepatocytes disappeared in the third trimester. There was perfect correlation between immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that primitive biliary cells and hepatocytes of the hilar region in the human fetus do express pancreatic alpha-amylase protein and mRNA, and that the primitive biliary epithelial cells and hepatocytes in the hilar region share a common cell lineage with exocrine pancreatic cells.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Pathology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Terada
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Horie
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kitamura
mesh_terms: D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic / Q000196:embryology / Q000201:enzymology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D019070:Cell Lineage; D015342:DNA Probes / Q000737:chemistry; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development; D005333:Fetus; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology / Q000201:enzymology*; D010179:Pancreas / Q000201:enzymology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015342:DNA Probes; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000516:alpha-Amylases