title: Smoking habits, its forms and impact on pulmonary health in planes of Uttar Pradesh.
abstract: A total of 611 rural and 164 urban subjects were studied. Smoking was found more prevalent in urban areas as compared to rural areas. In relation to sex it was more prevalent among urban males and rural females. Bidi was the commonest mode of smoking among rurals, and cigarette in urban population. Pulmonary function test (PFT) analysis proved that smoking causes definite pulmonary functional impairments among smokers. Though its aetiology in producing restrictive impairment remains doubtful and may be additive only but its role in precipitating obstructive impairment is definite in urban smokers. On the contrary rural non-smokers suffer more from the obstructive impairment. Environmental pollution, exposure to toxic fumes and industrial gases in urban areas and organic and inorganic dust exposure in rural areas may be responsible for precipitation of pulmonary function impairments among non-smokers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Tuberculosis and Chest Diseases, KG's Medical College, Lucknow.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Swaroop
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Agnihotri
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016021:Epidemiologic Studies; D005260:Female; D005540:Forced Expiratory Flow Rates; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data