title: Prevention of initial perfusion failure during xenogeneic ex vivo liver perfusion by selectin inhibition.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endothelial cell activation triggered by xenoreactive antibodies and complement products is the main feature of discordant xenograft rejection. The contribution of early cell-mediated mechanisms to this rejection process is poorly understood, and the function of adhesion molecules in xenogeneic cell interactions in vivo is unclear. The aim of the study was to investigate the role of selectins in mediating cell-dependent initial perfusion failure and functional restrictions in xenoperfused guinea pig (GP) livers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Isolated GP livers were hemoperfused in a flow-constant, recirculating perfusion system via the portal vein. Microhemodynamic parameters such as sinusoidal perfusion rate and leukocyte flux were analyzed using intravital fluorescence microscopy. Hepatic oxygen consumption and bile production, as well as liver enzymes, potassium level, and numbers of white blood cells and platelets in the perfusate, were determined. The GP livers were perfused either with GP blood (control perfusion), with unmodified rat blood (xenoperfusion), or with rat blood treated with the selectin-blocking polysaccharide Fucoidin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant sinusoidal perfusion failure was observed in the xenoperfusion group, which was accompanied by distinct signs of a functional restriction-like reduced oxygen consumption, bile production, and increased perfusion pressure. However, there were significantly fewer impairments in the Fucoidin group. Furthermore, fewer platelets were trapped and a smaller number of stagnant leukocytes were observed in this group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fucoidin did not suppress complement activation during xenoperfusion. Considering that Fucoidin inhibits the selectin-dependent interactions among white blood cells, platelets, and sulfate-containing proteoglycans on the surface of vascular endothelium, these findings suggest an important role for early cellular interactions in the development of organ failure during xenogeneic rejection.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Surgical Research, Klinikum Grosshadern, University of Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Linke
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Terajima
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thiery
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Teupser
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Leiderer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hammer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000032:analysis; D001646:Bile / Q000378:metabolism; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000187:drug effects; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000517:prevention & control; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006464:Hemoperfusion; D019041:L-Selectin / Q000378:metabolism; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000166:cytology; D008099:Liver / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000276:immunology; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000378:metabolism; D010477:Perfusion; D010976:Platelet Count; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D011188:Potassium / Q000032:analysis; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D019007:P-Selectin; D011134:Polysaccharides; D019041:L-Selectin; D003165:Complement System Proteins; C007789:fucoidan; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D011188:Potassium