title: Cosmic radiation and magnetic field exposure to airline flight crews.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Flight crews are exposed to elevated levels of cosmic radiation and to magnetic fields generated by the aircraft's electrical system. The purpose of this study was to quantify these two occupational exposures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Magnetic fields were measured during 37 flights (23 in the cockpit and 14 in the cabin) using an Emdex Lite personal dosimeter. All cockpit measurements were taken on the B737/200. Cabin measurements were taken in several aircraft types, including the B737, B757, DC9, and L1011. Cosmic radiation was computer estimated for 206 flights using the Federal Aviation Administration's program CARI-3C.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Magnetic field levels in the cockpit had a mean value of approximately 17 milliGauss (mG), while cabin measurements were lower (mean values of approximately 3 or less in economy, 6 in first class, 8 in front serving areas). Cosmic radiation equivalent dose rates to bone marrow and skeletal tissue ranged from 0.3 to 5.7 microsieverts per hour.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated magnetic field levels in front serving areas and the cockpit suggest the need for further study to evaluate long-term exposure to flight crew members who work in these areas. Cosmic radiation levels are well below occupational limits for adults, but may require some pregnant flight crew members to adjust their flying time or routes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425, USA. nicholjs@musc.edu
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Nicholas
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Lackland
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Mohr
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Dunbar
authors.forename: W T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Kaune
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Grosche
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Hoel
mesh_terms: D000337:Aerospace Medicine; D000401:Aircraft; D003359:Cosmic Radiation; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D006801:Humans; D016273:Occupational Exposure