title: Helicobacter pylori and the relation to other risk factors in patients with acute bleeding peptic ulcer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The influence of ulcer risk factors is well known in chronic peptic ulcer disease. In this study the risk factors were investigated in patients with peptic ulcer complicated by an acute bleeding episode.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 106 consecutive patients with acute bleeding peptic ulcer, age, previous history of ulcer disease, presence of dyspeptic symptoms, smoking habits, consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and haemoglobin concentration at admission were recorded. Helicobacter pylori infection was detected by means of two serologic tests in samples obtained at admission for the acute bleeding episode.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three-quarters of both gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer patients were shown to have H. pylori antibodies. NSAID use and smoking habits were similar in patients with and without H. pylori antibodies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that H. pylori infection, NSAID use, and smoking habits act as largely independent risk factors in patients with acute bleeding peptic ulcer.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Surgery and Clinical Bacteriology, Sundsvall County Hospital, Sweden.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Henriksson
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Edman
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bergqvist
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wadström
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004381:Duodenal Ulcer / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010438:Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal