title: Synovial inflammation in arthroscopically obtained biopsy specimens from the temporomandibular joint: a review of the literature and a proposed histologic grading system.
abstract: Data indicate that the synovial lining of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in some respects differs from other joints. The normal variation in morphology of the synovial lining of the TMJ is quite great, whereas the variation in pattern of pathologic changes appears to be relatively small (ie, synovial inflammation is not of the severity as that in other joints). In the current review, a system for histologic grading of synovial inflammation is proposed. The system is based on semiquantitative evaluation of the following set of parameters: 1) synovial lining cell layers; 2) vascularity (number or size of vascular profiles); and 3) Inflammatory cell infiltrate (commonly lymphocytes).
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Huddinge University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Gynther
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Dijkgraaf
authors.forename: F P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Reinholt
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Holmlund
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Liem
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: de Bont
mesh_terms: D001182:Arthroscopy; D001706:Biopsy; D006801:Humans; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology; D013585:Synovitis / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology*; D013704:Temporomandibular Joint / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology*