title: The role of bladder neck biopsy in men undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy with preservation of the bladder neck.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Radical retropubic prostatectomy is often performed with preservation of the bladder neck. We examine the incidence of benign and malignant prostatic tissue at the bladder neck margin in men undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy with preservation of the bladder neck for clinically localized prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 100 cases of radical retropubic prostatectomy with preservation of the bladder neck performed by a single surgeon (H. L.). A 2 mm. thick circumferential specimen was excised from the bladder neck, divided into 4 quadrants (anterior, posterior, right and left) and submitted for frozen section examination. The permanent sections from these bladder neck biopsies and the entire surgical specimens were analyzed by a single pathologist (J. M.).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frozen section diagnosis from the bladder neck biopsies were adenocarcinoma, benign prostatic tissue and no prostatic tissue in 3, 38 and 59 cases, respectively. The permanent section diagnosis of the bladder neck biopsies was adenocarcinoma, benign prostatic tissue and no prostatic tissue in 4, 57 and 39 cases, respectively. The sensitivity specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for examination of the surgical specimen to identify benign prostatic tissue was 67, 90, 90 and 65%, respectively. The bladder neck was re-biopsied because of the findings of adenocarcinoma and benign prostatic tissue in 3 and 8 cases, respectively. The initial bladder neck biopsy resulted in pathological down staging to pT2c in only 1 case. Repeat resection of the bladder neck in all cases with 10% or less benign prostatic tissue showed no prostatic tissue, whereas 50% of the cases with more than 10% benign prostatic tissue demonstrated residual benign prostatic tissue. Serum prostate specific antigen was undetectable immediately after radical retropubic prostatectomy in all cases with benign prostatic tissue only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preservation of the bladder neck during radical retropubic prostatectomy does not significantly compromise total extirpation of the malignant process. Benign prostatic tissue at the bladder neck margin is relatively common. Examination of the surgical specimen has limited sensitivity, and negative and positive predictive values for the presence of benign prostatic tissue at the bladder neck margin. The impact of benign prostatic tissue as it relates to future malignant transformation is unknown. Submitting frozen section specimens from the bladder neck is reasonable for the younger man who may be at risk from benign prostatic tissue at the bladder neck margin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lepor
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Melamed
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology*; D001706:Biopsy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / Q000473:pathology*; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000473:pathology; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*