title: Determination of C1-C5 alkyl nitrates in rain, snow, white frost, lake, and tap water by a combined codistillation head-space gas chromatography technique. Determination of Henry's law constants by head-space GC.
abstract: Alkyl nitrates with a chain length up to five carbon atoms have been determined in snow, white frost, and surface water. The samples were taken in the vicinity of Ulm, Germany, a region in central Europe. The determination of C1-C5-alkyl nitrates in water samples was achieved with a new water codistillation enrichment technique directly coupled with on-column head-space gas chromatography. The concentrations of the short chain alkyl nitrates in the different forms of wet deposition range from 89 ng L-1 for 1-propyl nitrate down to 35 ng L-1 for 1-pentyl nitrate. C1-C5-alkyl nitrates in wet depositions were also directly determined by static head-space gas chromatography. Gas-water partition coefficients KGW (Henry's law constant H) were determined by head-space gas chromatography and secondly by calculating the Henry's law constant by the ratio of vapor pressure to water solubility. The gas-water partition constants (dimensionless) or Henry's law constants range from KGW = 0.038 (H = 93 Pa m3 mol-1) for 1-propyl nitrate up to KGW = 0.122 (H = 302 Pa m3 mol-1) for 2-pentyl nitrate.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Munich, München.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hauff
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ballschmiter
mesh_terms: D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000032:analysis*; D009566:Nitrates / Q000032:analysis*; D011891:Rain; D012914:Snow; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical