title: Self-rated health and adverse health outcomes: an exploration and refinement of the trajectory hypothesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the hypothesis that the relationship between poor self-rated health and adverse health outcomes simply reflects self-assessments of declining health trajectories rather than current health status.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 12-month follow-up of 786 disadvantaged adults aged 50-99 years old was conducted. Baseline markers of poor self-rated health and declining health trajectory were used to predict 12-month follow-up reports of the expectations of being hospitalized within one year, being placed in a nursing home within five years, and dying within ten years. Hierarchical multivariable logistic regression was used with poor self-rated health entered first, standard epidemiologic covariates entered next, and declining health trajectory entered last.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Poor self-rated health was not independently associated with expectations for being hospitalized, but declining health trajectory independently increased the risk of such expectations by 65-88%. Neither poor self-rated health nor declining health trajectory were independently associated with expectations for being placed in a nursing home, but both were independently associated with expectations for dying, increasing such expectations by 70-105%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The relationship between poor self-rated health and adverse outcomes is not a simple reflection of unmeasured self-assessments of impending decline or doom. Rather, the effects of poor self-rated health and declining health trajectory appear to be independent and complementary.
authors.affiliation: Saint Louis University School of Public Health, Missouri, USA. wolinsky@slu.edu
authors.forename: F D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Wolinsky
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Tierney
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003643:Death; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005544:Forecasting; D006304:Health Status; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009735:Nursing Homes; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D012647:Self-Assessment