title: Targeting the tumor vasculature with combretastatin A-4 disodium phosphate: effects on radiation therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the antitumor efficacy of combretastatin A-4 disodium phosphate (combretastatin prodrug) in the rodent KHT sarcoma model either alone or in combination with radiation therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  KHT tumors were grown in C3H/HeJ mice. Combretastatin A-4 prodrug was injected intraperitoneally at doses ranging from 10 to 100 mg/kg. Tumors were irradiated in unanesthetized mice using a 137Cs source. Tumor response to combretastatin A-4 prodrug was assessed by histological evaluations as well as an in vivo to in vitro cell survival assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histological evaluation showed morphological damage of tumor cells within a few hours after drug treatment, followed by extensive central necrosis. Administering increasing doses of combretastatin A-4 prodrug to tumor-bearing mice resulted in a dose-dependent increase in cell killing irrespective of whether the tumors were irradiated or not. When combined with radiation, a 100 mg/kg dose of combretastatin A-4 prodrug reduced tumor cell survival 10-500-fold lower than that seen with radiation alone. Further, the shape of the cell survival curve observed following the combination therapy suggested that including combretastatin in the treatment had a major effect on the radiation-resistant hypoxic cell subpopulation associated with this tumor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results demonstrated that in the KHT sarcoma, combretastatin A-4 prodrug caused rapid vascular shutdown, a concentration-dependent direct cell killing, and effective enhancement of the antitumor effects of radiation therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rojiani
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Siemann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000187:drug effects; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D005260:Female; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D009336:Necrosis; D012513:Sarcoma, Experimental / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D013267:Stilbenes; C058728:fosbretabulin