title: The adjunctive usage of botulinum toxin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Botulinum toxin is a safe, helpful adjunct to many other treatments for facial rejuvenation. Used together, the final result is more polished and refined. In addition, botulinum toxin can be used to maintain the surgical laser results by preventing dynamic facial muscular action re-establishing expressive wrinkles and folds.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We describe the facial areas best treated with botulinum toxin and our adjunctive techniques so that the cosmetic physician can easily incorporate these into their practice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The aesthetic results are improved with the combination of botulinum toxin and the surgical or laser procedure over either modality alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We believe that there are many new treatment options for combined therapy with botulinum toxin, laser resurfacing, and surgical procedure in periocular and facial rejuvenation that the aesthetic physician can easily incorporate into their practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carruthers
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carruthers
mesh_terms: D019882:Blepharoplasty; D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D004483:Ectropion / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015361:Rhytidoplasty; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A