title: The T-cell oncogenic protein HOX11 activates Aldh1 expression in NIH 3T3 cells but represses its expression in mouse spleen development.
abstract: Hox11 is a homeobox gene essential for spleen formation in mice, since atrophy of the anlage of a developing spleen occurs in early embryonic development in Hox11 null mice. HOX11 is also expressed in a subset of T-cell acute leukemias after specific chromosomal translocations. Since the protein has a homeodomain and can activate transcription, it probably exerts at least some of its effects in vivo by regulation of target genes. Representational difference analysis has been used to isolate cDNA clones corresponding to mRNA species activated following stable expression of HOX11 in NIH 3T3 cells. The gene encoding the retinoic acid-synthesizing enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (Aldh1), initially called Hdg-1, was found to be ectopically activated by HOX11 in this system. Study of Aldh1 gene expression during spleen development showed that the presence of Aldh1 mRNA inversely correlated with Hox11. Hox11 null mouse embryos have elevated Aldh1 mRNA in spleen primordia prior to atrophy, while Aldh1 seems to be repressed by Hox11 during organogenesis of the spleens of wild-type mice. This result suggests that expression of Aldh1 protein is negatively regulated by Hox11 and that abnormal expression of Aldh1 in Hox11 null mice may cause loss of splenic precursor cells by aberrant retinoic acid metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Division of Protein and Nucleic Acid Chemistry, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 2QH, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Greene
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bahn
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Masson
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Rabbitts
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics*; D000080924:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family; D000818:Animals; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000235:genetics*; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics*; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins; D051379:Mice; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D015513:Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D050697:Retinal Dehydrogenase; D013154:Spleen / Q000196:embryology* / Q000254:growth & development; D013601:T-Lymphocytes
chemical_list: C101149:FHL1 protein, human; C486306:Fhl1 protein, mouse; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007527:Isoenzymes; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D015513:Oncogene Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C487378:Tlx1 protein, mouse; C071250:TLX1 protein, human; D000080924:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; C510223:ALDH1A1 protein, human; C515028:ALDH1A1 protein, mouse; D050697:Retinal Dehydrogenase