title: Preparations of synthetic phospholipids promote procoagulant activity on damaged vessels: studies under flow conditions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The possibility of developing synthetic platelet substitutes that could promote hemostasis with prolonged shelf-life and increased safety is an appealing one.
  
  
  METHODS
  Preparations containing synthetic phospholipids were incorporated into blood samples (1.15 mg/mL) in which platelets and white cell counts had been experimentally reduced by a filtration procedure. Vesicles containing phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PI), or combinations of PC and PE and of PC and PS were tested in this system. Blood was recirculated (10 min; shear rate, 250/sec) through a perfusion chamber containing vascular segments. The ability of the various phospholipid preparations to promote fibrin formation on the damaged subendothelium was evaluated morphometrically and expressed as the percentage of fibrin coverage. Generation of thrombin in the system was monitored through the measurement of prothrombin fragments 1 and 2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vesicles containing PC, PI, PE:PC (1:1), or PS:PC (1:3) increased fibrin deposition on the subendothelium (64.5 +/- 9.8%, 32.7 +/- 6.3%, 58.3 +/- 6.5%, and 46.6 +/- 15.2%, respectively; p < 0.01 vs. 11.5 +/- 1.2% in thrombocytopenic blood). Vesicles containing PE, PS, or PS:PC (3:1) did not show procoagulant effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Synthetic phospholipid preparations promote a local procoagulant activity at sites of vascular damage when they are incorporated into thrombocytopenic blood maintained under flow conditions.
authors.affiliation: Hemotherapy and Hemostasis Service, Hospital Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Galán
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bozzo
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Reverter
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Estelrich
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mazzara
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ordinas
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Escolar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001012:Aorta, Abdominal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001802:Blood Substitutes / Q000494:pharmacology; D005337:Fibrin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D010316:Particle Size; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000032:analysis; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011516:Prothrombin / Q000032:analysis; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D001802:Blood Substitutes; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010743:Phospholipids; C045879:prothrombin fragment 1.2; D011516:Prothrombin; D005337:Fibrin