title: The anti-inflammatory agents aspirin and salicylate inhibit the activity of I(kappa)B kinase-beta.
abstract: NF-kappaB comprises a family of cellular transcription factors that are involved in the inducible expression of a variety of cellular genes that regulate the inflammatory response. NF-kappaB is sequestered in the cytoplasm by inhibitory proteins, I(kappa)B, which are phosphorylated by a cellular kinase complex known as IKK. IKK is made up of two kinases, IKK-alpha and IKK-beta, which phosphorylate I(kappa)B, leading to its degradation and translocation of NF-kappaB to the nucleus. IKK kinase activity is stimulated when cells are exposed to the cytokine TNF-alpha or by overexpression of the cellular kinases MEKK1 and NIK. Here we demonstrate that the anti-inflammatory agents aspirin and sodium salicylate specifically inhibit IKK-beta activity in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism of aspirin and sodium salicylate inhibition is due to binding of these agents to IKK-beta to reduce ATP binding. Our results indicate that the anti-inflammatory properties of aspirin and salicylate are mediated in part by their specific inhibition of IKK-beta, thereby preventing activation by NF-kappaB of genes involved in the pathogenesis of the inflammatory response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Harold Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-8594, USA.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Gaynor
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001241:Aspirin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D019556:COS Cells; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase / Q000235:genetics; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D012980:Sodium Salicylate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014162:Transfection; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D016328:NF-kappa B; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C496559:CHUK protein, human; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase; C496560:IKBKB protein, human; C496565:IKBKE protein, human; D001241:Aspirin; D012980:Sodium Salicylate