title: Neutrophils secreting tumor necrosis factor alpha infiltrate the central nervous system of BALB/c mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
abstract: Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) can be induced in resistant BALB/c mice by ultrasound-formed adjuvant emulsion. In contrast to susceptible mouse strains large numbers of neutrophils secreting TNF-alpha occupied the central nervous system (CNS) of BALB/c mice with severe EAE, whereas only small numbers of macrophages and CD4+ T-cells could be detected. CNS infiltration was preceded with activation of microglial cells. Ultrasound formed adjuvant induced early IFN-gamma expression in popliteal lymph nodes of BALB/c mice, whereas conventional adjuvant induced delayed IFN-gamma production. Although the clinical outcome of EAE was similar to that seen in susceptible mice, the pathogenesis was distinct having possible implications on the different forms seen in multiple sclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Turku Immunology Centre and Department of Virology, University of Turku, Finland. jorma.maatta@ra.abo.fi
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Määttä
authors.forename: U R
authors.initials: UR
authors.lastname: Sjöholm
authors.forename: P T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Nygårdas
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Salmi
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Hinkkanen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000276:immunology*; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000502:physiology; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000502:physiology; D020382:Interleukin-18 / Q000502:physiology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000502:physiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016898:Interferon-alpha; D020382:Interleukin-18; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018664:Interleukin-12; D015847:Interleukin-4