title: Randomised crossover trial of salbutamol aerosol delivered by metered dose inhaler, jet nebuliser, and ultrasonic nebuliser in chronic lung disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacy of salbutamol delivered by metered dose inhaler (MDI), jet nebuliser, and ultrasonic nebuliser in ventilated infants with chronic lung disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty preterm ventilated infants with chronic lung disease were enrolled in two studies. In study 1 (n = 10), each infant was given 200 micrograms of salbutamol at 4 hour intervals and in random sequence from a metered dose inhaler-spacer device, a jet nebuliser, and an ultrasonic nebuliser with a small medication cup. The infants were monitored for heart rate, transcutaneous pO2, pCO2, and oxygen saturation, respiratory system resistance and compliance before and after each treatment. Infants in study 2 (n = 10) were similarly studied except for the use of a different jet nebuliser.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean (SEM) maximum percentage decreases in respiratory system resistance, observed at 30 minutes after aerosol delivery were study 1: MDI: 44.3 (4.3)%; jet: 32.3 (3.4)%; ultrasonic: 56.1 (3.2)%; study 2: MDI: 28.6 (1.0)%; jet: 16.9 (1.4)%; ultrasonic: 42.1 (1.6)%. During the first hour after treatment, a significantly faster heart rate and higher transcutaneous pO2 were associated with the use of the ultrasonic nebuliser or MDI than with the jet nebulisers in both studies. The use of the ultrasonic nebuliser but not the other devices also resulted in a lower transcutaneous pCO2 and improved respiratory system compliance in study 2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that among the devices tested, the delivery of salbutamol aerosol to the lower respiratory tract was greatest using the ultrasonic nebuliser, and least with the jet nebulisers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Fok
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: So
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: So
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000420:Albuterol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001785:Blood Gas Monitoring, Transcutaneous; D001997:Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D000420:Albuterol