title: Detection of the X chromosomes in a Klinefelter boar using a whole human X chromosome painting probe.
abstract: In situ hybridization with an X chromosome specific painting probe can be used as a tool for studying the numerical and structural rearrangements of X chromosomes. The commercially available porcine specific X chromosome painting probe is still unable to reliably separate autosomes. However, due to across-species X chromosome homology, the human specific X chromosome painting probe can be used in the identification of X chromosomes in pig metaphases. The commercially available human X chromosome specific painting probe was hybridized to metaphase spreads in a Klinefelter boar with a 2n = 39, XXY karyotype to characterize the X chromosomes. Klinefelter syndrome with its effects on the male reproductive trait such as testicular hypoplasia, is under the genetic control of some sex-linked genes in the extra X chromosome which have escaped the X inactivation process. Chromosome analysis by chromosome painting using fluorescence in situ hybridization may in future be more widely used in veterinary medicine and the selection of breeding animals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, University of Helsinki, Finland. auli.makinen@helsinki.fi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mäkinen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nikunen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020223:Chromosome Painting / Q000662:veterinary; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence / Q000662:veterinary; D007713:Klinefelter Syndrome / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype; D012729:Sex Chromosome Aberrations / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013737:Testis / Q000473:pathology; D014960:X Chromosome / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004247:DNA