title: Efficacy of various disinfectants in killing a resistant strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by comparing zones of inhibition: implications for endoscopic equipment reprocessing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies have shown that high-level disinfection of GI endoscopes may not be reliably achieved using glutaraldehyde at room temperature. In our laboratory, we have isolated a strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that is resistant to disinfection with glutaraldehyde. We compared the bactericidal activity of various disinfectants against this organism.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred microliters of an overnight culture of this organism was spread onto blood agar plates. Twenty microliters of a disinfectant was placed on a sterile 7-mm filter paper, placed on the blood agar plate, and incubated overnight at 37 degrees C to determine the zone of inhibition for each disinfectant tested. Disinfectants included Cidex, Dispatch, Virahol, OMNI II, Lysol, IodoFive, Lysol I.C. Spray, and Chlorox. The zone of inhibition (i.e., clearing) roughly correlates with the bactericidal strength of the disinfectant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the glutaraldehyde-containing solution Cidex, the alcohol-containing disinfectants Lysol I.C. Spray and Virahol had the largest mean zones of inhibition (11.33 vs 20.60 and 20.55 mm; p = 0.0001). The hypochlorite compounds Chlorox (1:10 dilution) and Dispatch had mean zones of inhibition similar to that of Cidex (11.08 and 11.25 mm vs 11.33 mm; p = not significant). The phenolic compounds OMNI II and Lysol had mean zones of inhibition smaller than that of Cidex (10.50 and 10.35 mm vs 11.33 mm; p < 0.006), and the phosphoric acid and iodine-containing IodoFive had the smallest mean zone of inhibition (9.70 vs 11.33 mm; p = 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The alcohol-containing disinfectants had the largest zones of inhibition against resistant P. aeruginosa. These compounds may be more effective than glutaraldehyde for endoscopic equipment reprocessing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, California 92350, USA.
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Kovacs
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Aprecio
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Kettering
authors.forename: Y K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D019840:2-Propanol / Q000494:pharmacology; D003408:Cresols / Q000494:pharmacology; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D019723:Endoscopes; D020776:Endoscopes, Gastrointestinal; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005976:Glutaral / Q000494:pharmacology; D007455:Iodine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects*; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D003408:Cresols; D004202:Disinfectants; D010636:Phenols; C113149:Virahol; C045926:Lysol; D000431:Ethanol; D007455:Iodine; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite; D019840:2-Propanol; D005976:Glutaral