title: Signaling from polyomavirus middle T and small T defines different roles for protein phosphatase 2A.
abstract: Polyomavirus causes a broad spectrum of tumors as the result of the action of its early proteins. This work compares signaling from middle T antigen (MT), the major transforming protein, to that from small T antigen (ST). The abilities of MT mutants to promote cell cycle progression in serum-starved NIH 3T3 cells were compared. Transformation-defective mutants lacking association with SHC or with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) retained the ability to induce DNA synthesis as measured by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation. Only when both interactions were lost in the Y250F/Y315F double mutant was MT inactive. ST promoted cell cycle progression in a manner dependent on its binding of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Since the Y250F/Y315F MT mutant was wild type for PP2A binding yet unable to promote cell cycle progression, while ST was capable of promoting cell cycle progression, these experiments revealed a functional difference in MT and ST signaling via PP2A. Assays testing the abilities of MT and ST to induce the c-fos promoter and to activate c-jun kinase led to the same conclusion. ST, but not Y250F/Y315F MT, was able to activate the c-fos promoter through its interaction with PP2A. In contrast, MT, but not ST, was able to activate c-jun kinase by virtue of its interaction with PP2A.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Mullane
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ratnofsky
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Culleré
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schaffhausen
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D033942:Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport; D000818:Animals; D000952:Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming / Q000378:metabolism*; D000957:Antigens, Viral, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine / Q000378:metabolism; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology; D004261:DNA Replication / Q000235:genetics; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000502:physiology; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D051379:Mice; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011120:Polyomavirus / Q000276:immunology*; D054648:Protein Phosphatase 2; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000378:metabolism; D055765:Shc Signaling Adaptor Proteins; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D000071425:Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing, Transforming Protein 1
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D033942:Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport; D000952:Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming; D000957:Antigens, Viral, Tumor; D011506:Proteins; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D055765:Shc Signaling Adaptor Proteins; C528034:Shc1 protein, mouse; D000071425:Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing, Transforming Protein 1; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; D054648:Protein Phosphatase 2; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine