title: Differences in blood-tumour-barrier leakage of human intracranial tumours: quantitative monitoring of vasogenic oedema and its response to glucocorticoid treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study differences in tumour capillary permeability as expressed by the unidirectional transport rate constant Ki, extracellular distribution volume Vd and relaxation time T1 in human intracranial tumours using a recently described MRI method, and apply the model to study differences in these parameters after glucocorticoid (GC) treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen brain tumour patients were studied. There were seven glioblastoma (GLI), four metastasis (MET), and six meningioma (MM) patients. Nine patients were studied before and after an average of 6 days of GC treatment. A 1.5 Tesla MR imaging scanner was used, and a two compartment diffusion model for Gd-DTPA was applied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant difference between pre-treatment Ki in GLI's and MM's, MM's having the highest permeability. There were no significant differences between pre-treatment Vd or T1 among the different tumour types. After GC treatment Ki decreased 15% on average (52% in GLI's and MET's, but only 4% in MM's). Vd decreased 14% on average in all tumours, but 47% in GLI's and MET's (p < 0.04), but increased 2% during treatment of MM's. T1 decreased 9% in all tumours (p < 0.04), but 11% in GLI's and MET's (p < 0.003), and only 6% in MM's.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is possible to estimate Ki, Vd and T1 simultaneously in brain tumour patients in a clinical MRI system. Ki was significantly higher in MM's compared to GLI's and MET's suggesting that MM's differ in some physiological parameter at the blood-tumour interface. MM's did not respond to GC treatment, neither in Ki, Vd nor in T1, whereas GLI's and MET's primarily decreased their extracellular distribution volume, suggesting that this may be an important effect in GC's mode of action in these tumour types.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: F T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Jensen
mesh_terms: D001929:Brain Edema / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000556:secondary; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects*; D003287:Contrast Media; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005119:Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008577:Meningeal Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000188:drug therapy; D008579:Meningioma / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000188:drug therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D003907:Dexamethasone; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA