title: Ink and vinegar, a simple staining technique for arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungi
abstract: We developed a reliable, inexpensive, and simple method for staining arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungal colonizations in root tissues. Apart from applications in research, this nontoxic, high-quality staining method also could be of great utility in teaching exercises. After adequate clearing with KOH, an ink-vinegar solution successfully stained all fungal structures, rendering them clearly visible.
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche en Biologie Forestiere, Universite Laval, Quebec G1K 7P4, Canada.
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vierheilig
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Coughlan
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Wyss
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Piche