title: The anesthetic isoflurane decreases ionized calcium and increases parathyroid hormone and osteocalcin in cynomolgus monkeys.
abstract: The effects of anesthetics on calcium metabolism in cynomolgus monkeys were studied. Eight adult female cynomolgus monkeys were used in a crossover design. Blood was collected from each of the monkeys at four timepoints: (1) while conscious; (2) following induction of anesthesia with ketamine, ketamine and atropine, isoflurane, or no anesthetic; (3) at 30 min; and (4) 120 min thereafter. Four experiments were performed with a 1 week washout period between sessions, such that each monkey received each treatment. Potassium was lower in anesthetized monkeys than in those that remained conscious. Cortisol, although high, did not differ among anesthetic treatments. Ketamine and ketamine/atropine did not consistently affect ionized calcium or parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations. Isoflurane decreased ionized calcium (0.05 mmol/L), and increased PTH and osteocalcin twofold. The serum inorganic fluoride concentration was higher in monkeys anesthetized with isoflurane than with ketamine/atropine, which may partially account for the decrease in ionized calcium with isoflurane. The increases in PTH and osteocalcin are presumably secondary to the decrease in ionized calcium.
authors.affiliation: Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1040, USA. chotchkiss@cpm.bgsm.edu
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Hotchkiss
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brommage
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Jerome
mesh_terms: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005459:Fluorides / Q000097:blood; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007649:Ketamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000097:blood*; D010052:Ovariectomy; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D011188:Potassium / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D015675:Osteocalcin; D007649:Ketamine; D001285:Atropine; D007530:Isoflurane; D005459:Fluorides; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium; D006854:Hydrocortisone