title: [Incidence and evaluation of viral retinitis in patients infected with the HIV virus and treated with HIV protease inhibitors].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since the beginning of the use of HIV-Protease Inhibitors (PI) to treat HIV-infected patients, a decrease of the incidence of extraocular opportunistic infections has been observed. We studied the incidence of CMV-retinitis in patients treated with a highly active antitetroviral therapy (HAART) containing PI over a mean follow-up of 12 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-three HIV-infected patients treated with HAART containing PI were included. The mean initial CD4+ cell-count was 54/microliter (median: 22/microliter), and the mean plasma HIV-load was 5.46 log 10 RNA-copies/ml. Fundus examination was performed each month in case of a previously treated and controlled CMV-retinitis or if initial CD4 cells were below 50/microliter. In other patients, fundus examination was performed every 3 months. The mean follow-up was 362 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 7 patients with a previously treated and controlled CMV-retinitis, one experienced a progression during the study (after 163 days of PI). Among the 59 patients with CD4 cells below 50/microliter and without previous CMV-retinitis before the beginning of PI, 5 experienced a CMV-retinitis (mean delay after the onset of HAART: 141 days), including 2 with relapse. When retinitis occurred, CD4 cells were below 32/microliter except in one case (147/microliter).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared to previously published reports, this study showed an increase of the time to progression of previously treated and controlled CMV-retinitis in patients treated with PI. Considering deeply immunocompromised patients (less than 50 CD4-cells/microliter), the risk of suffering from CMV-retinitis was 8.5% after 12 months of PI treatment. Longer follow-up remains necessary to confirm these results.
authors.affiliation: Service d'Ophtalmologie, CHU du Kremlin-Bicêtre.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Labetoulle
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Goujard
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Frau
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rogier
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Niessen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rudent
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lantz
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lecointe
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Furlan
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Delfraissy
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Offret
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000328:Adult; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D017726:Cytomegalovirus Retinitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors
vernacular_title: Etude de l'incidence et de l'évolution des rétinites virales chez les patients infectés par le VIH et traités par les inhibiteurs de protéase du VIH.