title: Structure and mapping of the human beta-defensin HBD-2 gene and its expression at sites of inflammation.
abstract: We cloned a second human beta-defensin gene, HBD-2, and determined its gene structure and expression in inflamed tissue sections. The entire gene spanned about 2 kb with two small exons and one intron. Radiation hybrid studies confirmed the location on chromosome 8p, were consistent with the order HNP-1, HBD-1 and HBD-2, and located HBD-2 as the most centromeric of the genes. By three-color fluorescence in situ hybridization on both free chromatin fiber mapping and interphase mapping, HBD-1, HBD-2 and HNP-1 were mapped to chromosome 8p23. HBD-1 was within 40-100kb of HNP-1, while HBD-2 was about 500-600 kb from HBD-1, with the most likely order HNP-1, HBD-1, HBD-2. The expression of HBD-2 was locally regulated by inflammation. HBD-2 mRNA was markedly increased in the epidermis surrounding inflamed regions, but not detectable in adjacent non-inflamed areas, a distribution that was confirmed at the peptide level by immunostaining with HBD-2 antibody. The HBD-2 gene is the first member of the human defensin family that is locally inducible by inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Pathology and the Will Rogers Institute for Pulmonary Research, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Heng
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Schutte
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: McCray
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ganz
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D023082:Defensins; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes / Q000235:genetics; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D023084:alpha-Defensins; D023083:beta-Defensins
chemical_list: C406407:DEFB1 protein, human; C106641:DEFB4A protein, human; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D023082:Defensins; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes; D011506:Proteins; D023084:alpha-Defensins; D023083:beta-Defensins; C406413:human neutrophil peptide 1