title: Measuring exposure of organochlorinated pesticides.
abstract: Environmental epidemiological investigations in cancer remain, with rare exceptions, inconclusive. The difficulties of establishing patterns of measurements of exposure in the human body is one of the limitations of these studies. The findings of six recent epidemiological studies that analyzed the association between organochlorinated compounds and breast cancer are reviewed in considering the problems of measuring environmental exposure through biological markers. The epidemiological evidence based on these studies do not indicate a risk of breast cancer related to organochlorines. Some aspects that may partially explain this absence of risk are discussed regarding the investigation of environmental carcinogenic agents in populations with low but homogeneously sprayed levels of exposure.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto de Medicina Social, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 7o andar. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20559-900, Brasil. gulnar@uerj.br
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Azevedo e Silva Mendonça
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced; D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D007306:Insecticides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D015674:Mammary Neoplasms, Animal / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D007306:Insecticides