title: Word recall in schizophrenia: a connectionist model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors examined word recall of patients with schizophrenia by using an experimental paradigm generated from connectionist models of memory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Schizophrenic patients and normal comparison subjects first studied and then recalled a list of 32 words of equal difficulty. Both the connectivity (associative strength) and the network size (number of associates) of the words varied in such a way that the list contained equal proportions of four types of words: 1) high connectivity-small network size, 2) low connectivity-small network size, 3) high connectivity-large network size, and 4) low connectivity-large network size.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The schizophrenic patients recalled fewer words and showed a particularly pronounced effect of the connectivity of the to-be-remembered words. For the patients, regardless of network size, recall improved substantially for words of high connectivity and declined dramatically for words of low connectivity. By contrast, the comparison subjects showed the expected effects, with the best recall for words of high connectivity-small network size, followed by words of low connectivity-small network size, then by words of high connectivity-large network size, and finally by words of low connectivity-large network size.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Schizophrenia may be characterized by faulty modulation of associative links within a putative lexicon that is thought to be widely distributed across frontal and temporal lobes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, USA.
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Nestor
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Akdag
authors.forename: B F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: O'Donnell
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niznikiewicz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Law
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Shenton
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: McCarley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D003463:Cues; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D008875:Middle Aged; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology; D014936:Word Association Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*