title: Bronchial anastomotic complications in lung transplant recipients: virtual bronchoscopy for noninvasive assessment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the accuracy of virtual bronchoscopy (VB) with that of axial computed tomography (CT) in the assessment of bronchial anastomotic complications in lung transplant recipients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-seven bronchial anastomoses in 17 patients were evaluated with helical CT. Axial CT and VB images were evaluated for surface irregularity and the presence, length, and severity of stenosis. Findings were correlated with the results of fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 12 anastomotic stenoses at FOB. Pooled accuracy (among all four readers) of VB and axial CT for diagnosis of clinically relevant stenosis was 97% and 80%, respectively, at the right bronchial anastomoses and 92% and 75%, respectively, at the left bronchial anastomoses. Pooled accuracy of VB and Axial CT for stenosis length was 72% and 62%, respectively, at the right anastomoses and 81% and 69%, respectively, at the left anastomoses. These differences were not statistically significant. Both the VB and axial CT images showed surface irregularities when anastomotic infection (n = 2) or dehiscence (n = 1) was present but resulted in an overdiagnosis of mucosal abnormalities when anastomoses were normal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VB was slightly more accurate than axial CT for diagnosis of clinically relevant stenoses at bronchial anastomoses in lung transplant recipients. However, because VB is not 100% accurate and has no role in the diagnosis of infection or dehiscence, it probably will not replace FOB for assessment of bronchial anastomotic complications in this population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: McAdams
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Erasmus
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Patz
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Connolly
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Delong
authors.forename: V F
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Tapson
mesh_terms: D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects; D001980:Bronchi / Q000601:surgery*; D001999:Bronchoscopy / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015588:Observer Variation; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000706:statistics & numerical data