title: Significance of vessel count and vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor (KDR) in intestinal-type gastric cancer.
abstract: Angiogenesis is essential for tumor growth and metastasis and depends on the production of angiogenic factors by host and/or tumor cells. The role of angiogenesis and angiogenic factor expression in intestinal- and diffuse-type gastric cancer are undefined. Archival specimens of 51 intestinal-type and 38 diffuse-type human gastric carcinomas were examined for tumor vessel counts, angiogenic factor expression, and the presence or absence of angiogenic factor receptors on tumor endothelium using antibodies against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors (KDR and flt-1), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and its receptors (bek and flg), and factor VIII (endothelial cells). Vessel count and VEGF and bFGF expression were higher in intestinal-type than in diffuse-type gastric cancers (P = 0.01, P < 0.001, and P < 0.001, respectively). Similarly, vessel count and VEGF expression were higher in patients with liver metastasis than in patients with peritoneal dissemination (P = 0.003 and P = 0.01, respectively). Vessel count correlated with VEGF expression and the presence of endothelial KDR in intestinal-type gastric cancer (P = 0.003 and P = 0.02, respectively) but not diffuse-type gastric cancer. Vessel count, VEGF expression, and presence of endothelial KDR increased with increasing stage of disease in intestinal-type gastric cancer but not diffuse-type gastric cancer. The expression of bFGF and its receptors did not correlate with vessel count in either cancer type. These findings suggest that the pattern of metastasis in intestinal-type gastric cancer is angiogenesis dependent. The correlation of VEGF expression and its endothelial receptor with vessel count and stage of disease suggests that VEGF is at least one of the factors responsible for the induction of angiogenesis in intestinal-type gastric cancer.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Cell Biology, Surgical Oncology, and Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Cleary
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mai
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kitadai
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Bucana
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Ellis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000091344:Filaggrin Proteins; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000378:metabolism*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051497:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2; D017468:Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor / Q000032:analysis; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; C000717249:FLG protein, human; D000091344:Filaggrin Proteins; D008222:Lymphokines; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D017468:Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; C496353:FGFR2 protein, human; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D051497:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1