title: Acupuncture and amitriptyline for pain due to HIV-related peripheral neuropathy: a randomized controlled trial. Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Peripheral neuropathy is common in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but few data on symptomatic treatment are available.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of a standardized acupuncture regimen (SAR) and amitriptyline hydrochloride for the relief of pain due to HIV-related peripheral neuropathy in HIV-infected patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trial. Each site enrolled patients into 1 of the following 3 options: (1) a modified double-blind 2 x 2 factorial design of SAR, amitriptyline, or the combination compared with placebo, (2) a modified double-blind design of an SAR vs control points, or (3) a double-blind design of amitriptyline vs placebo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS (HIV primary care providers) in 10 US cities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with HIV-associated, symptomatic, lower-extremity peripheral neuropathy. Of 250 patients enrolled, 239 were in the acupuncture comparison (125 in the factorial option and 114 in the SAR option vs control points option), and 136 patients were in the amitriptyline comparison (125 in the factorial option and 11 in amitriptyline option vs placebo option).
  
  
  METHODS
  Standardized acupuncture regimen vs control points, amitriptyline (75 mg/d) vs placebo, or both for 14 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Changes in mean pain scores at 6 and 14 weeks, using a pain scale ranging from 0.0 (no pain) to 1.75 (extremely intense), recorded daily.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients in all 4 groups showed reduction in mean pain scores at 6 and 14 weeks compared with baseline values. For both the acupuncture and amitriptyline comparisons, changes in pain score were not significantly different between the 2 groups. At 6 weeks, the estimated difference in pain reduction for patients in the SAR group compared with those in the control points group (a negative value indicates a greater reduction for the "active" treatment) was 0.01 (95% confidence interval [CI], -0.11 to 0.12; P=.88) and for patients in the amitriptyline group vs those in the placebo group was -0.07 (95% CI, -0.22 to 0.08; P=.38). At 14 weeks, the difference for those in the SAR group compared with those in the control points group was -0.08 (95% CI, -0.21 to 0.06; P=.26) and for amitriptyline compared with placebo was 0.00 (95% CI, -0.18 to 0.19; P=.99).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, neither acupuncture nor amitriptyline was more effective than placebo in relieving pain caused by HIV-related peripheral neuropathy.
authors.affiliation: Denver Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS, Colo, USA. jshlay@dhha.org
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Shlay
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chaloner
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Max
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Flaws
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Reichelderfer
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wentworth
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hillman
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brizz
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Cohn
mesh_terms: D015670:Acupuncture Therapy; D000328:Adult; D000639:Amitriptyline / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D059408:Pain Management; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; D000639:Amitriptyline