title: Botulinum toxin injections in the internal anal sphincter for the treatment of chronic anal fissure: long-term results after two different dosage regimens.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of two different dosage regimens of botulinum toxin to induce healing in patients with idiopathic anal fissure.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Chronic anal fissure is maintained by contraction of the internal anal sphincter. Sphincterotomy, which is successful in 85% to 95% of patients, permanently weakens the sphincter and therefore might be associated with anal deformity and incontinence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-seven consecutive outpatients were evaluated. Type A botulinum toxin was injected into the internal anal sphincter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients were divided into two treatment groups based on the number of botulinum toxin units injected. Patients in the first group were treated with 15 units and retreated with 20 units. Patients in the second group were treated with 20 units and retreated with 25 units. Two months after treatment, 10 patients in the first group and 23 patients in the second group had a healing scar. Symptomatic improvement was observed in 13 patients in the first group and in 24 patients in the second group. Statistical analysis showed that resting anal pressure varied from baseline values as a function of treatment; in contrast, the treatment had no effect on maximum voluntary pressure. Long-term healing was achieved in 13 patients in the first group and in all patients in the second group who underwent a complete treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Botulinum toxin is safe and effective in the treatment of anal fissure. It is less expensive and easier to perform than surgical treatment. No adverse effects resulted from injections of the toxin. The higher dosage is effective in producing long-term healing without complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maria
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brisinda
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Bentivoglio
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cassetta
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gui
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Albanese
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001003:Anal Canal; D018726:Anti-Dyskinesia Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005401:Fissure in Ano / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018726:Anti-Dyskinesia Agents; D001905:Botulinum Toxins