title: Mutations in the connexin 26 gene (GJB2) among Ashkenazi Jews with nonsyndromic recessive deafness.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mutations in the GJB2 gene cause one form of nonsyndromic recessive deafness. Among Mediterranean Europeans, more than 80 percent of cases of nonsyndromic recessive deafness result from inheritance of the 30delG mutant allele of GJB2. We assessed the contribution of mutations in GJB2 to the prevalence of the condition among Ashkenazi Jews.
  
  
  METHODS
  We tested for mutations in GJB2 in DNA samples from three Ashkenazi Jewish families with nonsyndromic recessive deafness, from Ashkenazi Jewish persons seeking carrier testing for other conditions, and from members of other ethnic groups. The hearing of persons who were heterozygous for mutations in GJB2 was assessed by means of pure-tone audiometry, measurement of middle-ear immittance, and recording of otoacoustic emissions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two frame-shift mutations in GJB2, 167delT and 30delG, were observed in the families with nonsyndromic recessive deafness. In the Ashkenazi Jewish population the prevalence of heterozygosity for 167delT, which is rare in the general population, was 4.03 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 2.5 to 6.0 percent), and for 30delG the prevalence was 0.73 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 0.2 to 1.8 percent). Genetic-linkage analysis showed conservation of the haplotype for 167delT but the existence of several haplotypes for 30delG. Audiologic examination of carriers of the mutant alleles who had normal hearing revealed subtle differences in their otoacoustic emissions, suggesting that the expression of mutations in GJB2 may be semidominant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high frequency of carriers of mutations in GJB2 (4.76 percent) predicts a prevalence of 1 deaf person among 1765 people, which may account for the majority of cases of nonsyndromic recessive deafness in the Ashkenazi Jewish population. Conservation of the haplotype flanking the 167delT mutation suggests that this allele has a single origin, whereas the multiple haplotypes with the 30delG mutation suggest that this site is a hot spot for recurrent mutations.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Morell
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Hood
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Goforth
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Friderici
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Van Camp
authors.forename: C I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Berlin
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Oddoux
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ostrer
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Keats
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Friedman
mesh_terms: D000072259:Connexin 26; D017630:Connexins / Q000235:genetics*; D003638:Deafness / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D016368:Frameshift Mutation; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005808:Genes, Recessive; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D006320:Hearing Tests; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D007585:Jews / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D017084:Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous / Q000235:genetics; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D017630:Connexins; C000607042:GJB2 protein, human; D000072259:Connexin 26