title: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) system levels in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients during highly active antiretroviral therapy: persistent TNF activation is associated with virologic and immunologic treatment failure.
abstract: Because persistent tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha activation may play a pathogenic role in human immunodeficiency virus infection, TNF component levels were assessed over 78 weeks in plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) during highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in 40 HIV-infected patients. HAART induced a significant decline in plasma levels of TNF-alpha and soluble TNF receptors and was associated with a fall in the abnormally increased unstimulated and a rise in the abnormally low Mycobacterium avium complex-purified-protein derivative-stimulated TNF-alpha released from PBMC. However, concentrations of these TNF components were not normalized. Patients with virologic and immunologic treatment failure after 52 weeks had higher levels of several TNF components than other patients early after initiation of therapy, also during periods with adequate virologic response. Although TNF components significantly decreased during HAART, these results support data indicating that full immunologic normalization is not achieved during such therapy. The persistent activation of the TNF system in a subgroup of persons may be involved in treatment failure.
authors.affiliation: Section of Clinical Immunology, Research Institute of Nuclear Medicine,Oslo, Norway. pal.aukrust@klinmed.uio.no
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Aukrust
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lien
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nordoy
authors.forename: N B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Liabakk
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kvale
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Espevik
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Froland
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015269:Mycobacterium avium Complex / Q000276:immunology; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000097:blood; D013997:Time Factors; D017211:Treatment Failure; D014373:Tuberculin / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D012367:RNA, Viral; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D014373:Tuberculin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha