title: Transoesophageal echocardiography during scoliosis repair: comparison with CVP monitoring.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Accurate haemodynamic assessment during surgical repair of scoliosis is crucial to the care of the patient. The purpose of this study was to compare transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) with central venous pressure monitoring in patients with spinal deformities requiring surgery in the prone position.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve paediatric patients undergoing corrective spinal surgery for scoliosis/kyphosis in the prone position were studied. Monitoring included TEE, intra-arterial and central venous pressure monitoring (CVP). Haemodynamic assessment was performed prior to and immediately after positioning the patient prone on the Relton-Hall table. Data consisted of mean arterial blood pressure (mBP), heart rate (HR), CVP, left ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic diameters (LVESD and LVEDD respectively) and fractional shortening (FS). Right ventricular (RV) function and tricuspid regurgitation (TR) were assessed qualitatively. Analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, Student's t test, sign rank, and correlation analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was an increase in CVP (8.7 mmHg to 17.7 mmHg; P < .01), and decreases in LVEDD (37.1 mm to 33.2 mm; P < .05), and mean blood pressure (75.0 mmHg to 65.7 mmHg; P < .05) when patients were placed in the prone position. Fractional shortening, LVESD, and HR did not change from the supine to the prone position. Right ventricular systolic function and tricuspid regurgitation were unchanged.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that the CVP is a misleading monitor of cardiac volume in patients with kyphosis/scoliosis in the prone position. This is consistent with previous studies. In this clinical situation, TEE may be a more useful monitoring tool to assess on-line ventricular size and function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, New England Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Soliman
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Maslow
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Bokesch
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Strafford
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Karlin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rhodes
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Marx
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002306:Cardiac Volume / Q000502:physiology; D002496:Central Venous Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007738:Kyphosis / Q000601:surgery; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D016684:Prone Position; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000601:surgery*; D016683:Supine Position; D014262:Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology; D016278:Ventricular Function, Right / Q000502:physiology