title: Depression and risk of coronary heart disease in elderly men and women: New Haven EPESE, 1982-1991. Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Results of several recent studies suggest that depression is predictive of incident coronary disease. However, few studies have examined this relationship in the elderly, the age at which most coronary heart disease (CHD) becomes clinically manifest.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data are from the New Haven, Conn, cohort (N = 2812) of the Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly project. Baseline information on depressive symptoms and CHD risk factors was collected during an in-person interview in 1982. Nonfatal myocardial infarctions were identified through monitoring of admissions to local hospitals and were validated by medical chart review. Cause of death was obtained from death certificates for all deceased participants. Outcomes were defined as CHD deaths (n = 255) and total incident CHD events (n = 391) between January 1, 1982, and December 31, 1991. There was no association between depressive symptoms and CHD outcomes in men. Among women, depressive symptoms were associated with an age-adjusted relative risk of 1.03 (per unit increase on the symptom scale) for CHD mortality (P=.001) and total CHD incidence (P=.002). These associations were largely unaffected by adjustment for established CHD risk factors but were reduced to nonsignificant levels after additional adjustment for impaired physical function. Additional analysis showed a significant association for depressive symptoms among women who had no physical function impairments or who survived at least 3 years without an event.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depressive symptoms may not be independent risk factors for CHD outcomes in elderly populations in general but may increase risk among relatively healthy older women.
authors.affiliation: Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Rush-Presbyterian-St Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Ill 60612, USA. cmendes@rush.edu
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Mendes de Leon
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Krumholz
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Seeman
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vaccarino
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Kasl
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Berkman
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002423:Cause of Death; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003237:Connecticut; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000209:etiology*; D003644:Death Certificates; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008485:Medical Audit; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010343:Patient Admission; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D015996:Survival Rate