title: Vagal cardiopulmonary reflexes after total cardiac deafferentation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are conflicting data regarding whether the primary source of afferent input for the vagal cardiopulmonary reflex emanates from receptors located in the ventricles, atria, and/or lungs. This study evaluated the effects of total cardiac deafferentation on the reflex control of efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) in response to a stimulus that affected all vagal receptors in the cardiopulmonary region.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Experiments were performed in 14 chloralose-anesthetized dogs with sinoaortic denervation. Reflex control of RSNA in response to blood volume expansion was measured before and after interruption of cardiac vagal afferents by pericardial lidocaine (PL). Reflex sensitivity (% change in RSNA/mm Hg change in left atrial pressure) was markedly attenuated after PL (pre, -10.9+/-2.2; post, -1.6+/-0. 6; P=0.002). RSNA responses to intracoronary nicotine and left atrial balloon inflation were abolished after PL, confirming that cardiac afferents were interrupted. RSNA responses to lung inflation were not affected by PL, indicating that pulmonary afferents remained intact. In 8 experiments, reflex sensitivity values returned to baseline levels after the effects of PL had worn off.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that the heart provides the primary source of afferent input for the control of sympathetic outflow by the vagal cardiopulmonary reflex during changes in thoracic blood volumes and pressures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), Medical College of Virginia/Virginia Commonwealth University and Hunter Holmes McGuire Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA. minisi.anthony_j.@richmond.va.gov
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Minisi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D003714:Denervation; D004285:Dogs; D006321:Heart / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology*; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000494:pharmacology; D012018:Reflex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D008012:Lidocaine