title: Ifosfamide-containing chemotherapy in Ewing's sarcoma: The Second United Kingdom Children's Cancer Study Group and the Medical Research Council Ewing's Tumor Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the possibility that the substitution of ifosfamide for cyclophosphamide therapy for Ewing's sarcoma will improve survival over that seen in the first United Kingdom Children's Cancer Study Group (UKCCSG) Ewing's tumor study (ET-1).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1987 and 1993,243 patients (138 men or boys) were entered onto the study. The median age was 13.5 years (range, 1.5 to 27 years). The median follow-up was 58 months. Chemotherapy included four courses of vincristine 2 mg/m2; ifosfamide 9 g/m2; and doxorubicin 60 mg/m2 administered every 3 weeks. Treatment of the primary tumor was with surgery and/or radiotherapy followed by ifosfamide 6 g/m2; doxorubicin 60 mg/m2; and vincristine 2 mg/m2; with actinomycin D 1.5 mg/m2 substituted for doxorubicin after a total dose of 420 mg/m2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred one patients had no metastases. One hundred eighteen patients had tumors of the axial skeleton and 125 patients had limb primary tumors. The major toxicities were hematologic and infective, but there were no toxic deaths. The overall survival rate was 62% (95% confidence interval [CI], 56 to 69) and relapse-free survival (RFS) 56% (95% CI, 49 to 62). For those with no metastases at diagnosis, the RFS rate was 62% and for those with metastases, 23%. Multivariate analysis showed age and site to have a significant effect on RFS. Pelvic sites had the worst RFS rate of 41%; other axial sites, 55%; and extremity tumors, 73%. Age younger than 10 years had an RFS rate of 86% versus 55% for older patients. The local relapse rate for axial tumors was 20% and for limb primary tumors was 2.4%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 5-year survival rate of 62% is improved compared with the 44% survival rate achieved in ET-1. This is probably caused by the use of higher doses of ifosfamide compared with relatively low doses of cyclophosphamide in ET-1.
authors.affiliation: United Kingdom Children's Cancer Study Group and the Medical Research Council Bone Sarcoma Working Party. a.w.craft@ncl.ac.uk
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Craft
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cotterill
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malcolm
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Spooner
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grimer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Souhami
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Imeson
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lewis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007069:Ifosfamide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D012512:Sarcoma, Ewing / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D007069:Ifosfamide