title: Experimental bladder instability following bladder outlet obstruction in the female rat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In rats, urethral obstruction was previously shown to lead to detrusor instability, but bladder instability in conscious animals has not been well characterized. The present study was designed to describe the consequences of bladder outlet obstruction on urodynamic parameters in the conscious rat. A categorization of different types of bladder instability in conscious rats is described.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cystometry was performed on conscious animals with chronically implanted lines. Recordings of the micturition pattern and the bladder pressure during the micturition cycle were made from normal female rats and those with instability caused by infravesical outflow obstruction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In control rats, the peak micturition pressure was low (45.6+/-2.5 cm. H2O) and only small pressure fluctuations occurred before or after micturition. Rats with outlet obstruction exhibited bladder hypertrophy, high micturition pressure (95.5+/-6.8 cm. H2O) as well as marked spontaneous activity throughout the micturition cycle. According to the spontaneous activity profile we identified four main patterns of abnormal micturition cycles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urethral obstruction in rats leads to a significant increase in bladder weight and to altered micturition patterns which reveal clear similarities with features of the cystometric profiles performed in men with infravesical outflow obstruction. These modifications are not consistently correlated with an increase in bladder weight.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Synthélabo Recherche, Rueil-Malmaison, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lluel
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Duquenne
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003243:Consciousness; D005260:Female; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014524:Urethral Obstruction / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000145:classification / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001748:Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014563:Urodynamics