title: Evidence against a direct role for the induction of c-jun expression in the mediation of drug-induced apoptosis in human acute leukemia cells.
abstract: Previous reports have demonstrated that a variety of anticancer drugs, e.g., 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C), mitoxantrone, etoposide, camptothecin, and cisplatin, induce the expression of c-jun oncogene in leukemic cells prior to producing internucleosomal DNA fragmentation and the morphological features of apoptosis. This has led to the impression that the induction of c-jun expression may be directly involved in the molecular signaling of the final common pathway of programmed cell death or apoptosis. In the present study, we examined the role of c-jun expression in three different settings of anticancer drug-induced apoptosis in human leukemic cells. First, exposure of human myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells to high-dose ara-C for 4 h produced internucleosomal DNA fragmentation preceded by c-jun induction. However, pretreatment of HL-60 cells with staurosporine, a protein kinase C inhibitor, repressed c-jun yet enhanced DNA fragmentation and apoptosis due to ara-C. Second, in human pre-B leukemia 697/BCL-2 cells which are transfected with the cDNA of the bcl-2 oncogene and overexpress p26BCL-2, although ara-C or mitoxantrone treatment caused greater c-jun induction than in the 697/neo cells, significantly reduced endonucleolytic DNA fragmentation and apoptosis was observed in 697/BCL-2 cells. Finally, taxol-induced internucleosomal DNA fragmentation and morphological features of apoptosis in HL-60 cells were not associated with the induction of c-jun expression. These lines of evidence indicate that the induction of c-jun expression may not have a direct role in the molecular signaling of anticancer drug-induced apoptosis, and that the anticancer drug-induced apoptosis can occur by a mechanism that does not involve the induction of c-jun expression.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bullock
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyashita
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maria Ibrado
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bhalla
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002166:Camptothecin / Q000633:toxicity; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000633:toxicity; D003561:Cytarabine / Q000633:toxicity; D005047:Etoposide / Q000633:toxicity; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects*; D019254:Genes, bcl-2; D016758:Genes, jun; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D015448:Leukemia, B-Cell; D008942:Mitoxantrone / Q000633:toxicity; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000633:toxicity; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D003561:Cytarabine; D005047:Etoposide; D008942:Mitoxantrone; D017239:Paclitaxel; D002945:Cisplatin; D002166:Camptothecin