title: Measurement of antibacterial activities of T-2 toxin, deoxynivalenol, ochratoxin A, aflatoxin B1 and fumonisin B1 using microtitration tray-based turbidimetric techniques.
abstract: Various mycotoxins were tested for their antibacterial activity by evaluating growth delays using a fully automated microturbidmetric method. Ten different strains of the genera Escherichia, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Yersinia, Salmonella, Erysipelothrix and Lactobacillus were used as test micro-organisms. T-2 toxin, deoxynivalenol (DON), ochratoxin A (OTA), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) were used as representative mycotoxins. The inhibitory effect in vitro was defined as the difference between the growth rate without mycotoxins and the growth rate in the presence of a mycotoxin. Among the tested strains, Streptococcus agalactiae was found to be sensitive to all the toxins, with the exception of OTA. T-2 toxin and FB1 were the most effective in slowing down the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. AFB1 affected the growth of Yersinia enterocolitica. The growth rate of Escherichia coli and Salmonella infantis was decreased by FB1. Among the bacterial strains used in this study, only the growth of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae was inhibited by OTA. Thus, using appropriate tester strains it should be possible to set up a broad-range microtubidimetry assay for individual mycotoxin screening in vitro. We concluded that the microtitration technique provides a rapid, convenient and high-throughput capacity system to analyse bacteria-mycotoxin interactions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ali-Vehmas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rizzo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Westermarck
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Atroshi
mesh_terms: D016604:Aflatoxin B1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D004888:Erysipelothrix / Q000187:drug effects; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D037341:Fumonisins; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000187:drug effects; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods*; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D009391:Nephelometry and Turbidimetry / Q000379:methods; D009793:Ochratoxins / Q000494:pharmacology; D012475:Salmonella / Q000187:drug effects; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000187:drug effects; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000187:drug effects; D013605:T-2 Toxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D015007:Yersinia / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D037341:Fumonisins; D009183:Mycotoxins; D009793:Ochratoxins; D014255:Trichothecenes; C025589:ochratoxin A; C056933:fumonisin B1; D016604:Aflatoxin B1; D013605:T-2 Toxin; C007262:deoxynivalenol