Nitric oxide and cyclic GMP modulate photoreceptor cell responses in the visual system of the locust
Nitric oxide (NO) is a membrane-permeant messenger molecule which activates the cyclic GMP (cGMP)-synthesizing enzyme soluble guanylyl cyclase. Using cytochemical techniques, we recently reported NO-induced cGMP immunoreactivity in the photoreceptor cells of the compound eye of the locust Schistocerca gregaria and also detected NADPH diaphorase staining, a marker of NO synthase, in a subset of the monopolar cells of the lamina. By recording the corneal electroretinogram (ERG), we found that the application of neurochemicals that raise NO/cGMP levels in the optic lobe increased the ERG amplitude, whereas the experimental reduction of NO levels caused a decrease in the response to light. An increase in the light response was also found in intracellular recordings after application of a NO donor, suggesting that the NO-induced changes in the ERG are not caused by changes in the resistive isolation of the retina. Our cytochemical and electrophysiological data are both consistent with the hypothesis that NO synthesized in monopolar cells is a retrograde messenger to the presynaptic photoreceptor neurones.
Schmachtenberg
O
School of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Cell Biology, Bunteweg 17d, D-30559 Hannover, Germany. gbicker@zellbiologie.tiho-hannover.de.
Bicker
G