title: Attitude changes of general practitioners towards lowering LDL cholesterol.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clinical studies have demonstrated the benefit of lowering cholesterol in decreasing coronary complications. These results need to be implemented in clinical practice, where an important barrier are the attitudes of physicians.
  
  
  METHODS
  General practitioners in the city of Helsinki were asked to respond to two questionnaires sent to them by post 12 months apart (1996 and 1997); 284 responses were received in 1996 and 258 in 1997.
  
  
  METHODS
  In addition to brief questions aimed to characterize the responding physician, the questionnaire included four examples of patients: (1) middle-aged man without, or (2) with coronary heart disease (CHD); (3) 70-year-old man with a history of stroke; (4) 70-year-old women with CHD. The physicians were asked at what level of serum low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol they usually initiate drug therapy. Comparisons were made longitudinally between 1996 and 1997, as well as between different patients. Analyses are based on the responses of those physicians who reported that they treat atherosclerotic patients (241 and 237 in 1996 and 1997, respectively).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In case 1 (primary prevention), 40.1% of general practitioners in 1996 compared with 52.4% in 1997 (difference +12.3, 95% CI +3.2(-)+20.9, P < 0.01) reported that they would initiate drug therapy at the LDL cholesterol level < 5.0 mmol/l. In case 2 (secondary prevention), 42.0% in 1996 and 54.8 in 1997 (difference +12.8, 95% CI +4.0(-)+21.8, P < 0.01) would initiate drug therapy at the LDL cholesterol level < 4.0 mmol/l. In case 3 (70 year man with stroke), 13.8% in 1996 compared with 30.4% in 1997 (difference +16.6, 95% CI +9.4(-)+24.0, P < 0.01) would initiate drug therapy at the LDL cholesterol level < 4.0 mmol/l. In case 4 (70 year old woman with CHD) 12.8% in 1996 compared with 34.2% in 1997 (difference +21.4%, 95% CI + 13.9(-)+28.7, P < 0.01) would initiate drug therapy at the LDL cholesterol level < 4.0 mmol/l. The physicians' attitudes were significantly more active towards LDL cholesterol lowering both in 1996 and 1997 in case 2 compared with case 1, case 3 or case 4. No difference was observed between case 3 and case 4.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Between 1996 and 1997 the attitudes of general practitioners towards lowering LDL cholesterol have become significantly more active in all four patient categories. However, the attitudes are still not optimal concerning coronary patients and especially older atherosclerotic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Strandberg
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pitkänen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Larjo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hirvonen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kohvakka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000517:prevention & control; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010821:Physicians, Family / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL