title: Normal variation in, and effect of 2% pilocarpine on, intraocular pressure and pupil size in female horses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine normal variation in, and effect of 2% pilocarpine hydrochloride on, intraocular pressure (IOP) and pupil size in female horses during a specified period.
  
  
  METHODS
  10 female horses with normotensive eyes.
  
  
  METHODS
  IOP and horizontal and vertical pupil size were measured on a single day between 8 AM and 8 PM at hours 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12. Measurements were repeated after single- dose application of 2% pilocarpine to both eyes. IOP and pupil size were measured at 8 AM and noon in a 5-day experiment of twice-daily application of 2% pilocarpine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Variation in IOP and pupil size was not significant between 8 AM and 8 PM. Change in IOP or pupil size after a single dose of 2% pilocarpine also was not significant. In the multiple-dose experiment, the IOP at noon on the fifth day was significantly higher than the IOP in the morning on the first and second days. The IOP in the morning on the fifth day was significantly higher than the IOP in the morning and at noon on the first and second days. The IOP at noon on the fourth day was significantly higher than the morning IOP on the first and second days and at noon on the first day. The decrease in vertical pupil size was significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Between 8 AM and 8 PM, variation in IOP and pupil size in normotensive eyes of horses is not significant. Two percent pilocarpine does not significantly change IOP between 8 AM and 8 PM in clinically normal horses after a single dose or multiple twice-daily applications. After multiple twice-daily applications, a trend toward an increase in IOP was seen, and the decrease in vertical pupil size was significant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van der Woerdt
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Gilger
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Wilkie
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Strauch
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Orczeck
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule / Q000662:veterinary; D004341:Drug Evaluation / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D010277:Parasympathomimetics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010862:Pilocarpine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011680:Pupil / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D010277:Parasympathomimetics; D010862:Pilocarpine