title: Facial asymmetry during emotional expression: gender, valence, and measurement technique.
abstract: The purpose of the current study was to examine 49 extant experiments of facial asymmetry during emotional expression in normal adult males and females in regard to gender, valence, and measurement technique. When facial asymmetry was evaluated by trained judges or muscle quantification, facial expressions were left-sided, a finding implicating the right cerebral hemisphere in emotional expression. However, when self-report experiential methods were utilized, the valence hypothesis received some support. Although there was some indication in single-gender studies of greater facial lateralization for males than for females, studies involving both males and females yielded no systematic asymmetry patterns as a function of gender.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Queens College, Flushing, NY 11367, USA.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Borod
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Koff
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yecker
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Santschi
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Schmidt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology*; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D005149:Facial Expression; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D012650:Self Disclosure; D012737:Sex Factors