title: Scanning acoustic microscopy study of titanium-ceramic interface of dental restorations.
abstract: Failures that occur in titanium-ceramic restorations are of concern in clinical dentistry. The purpose of this study was to nondestructively characterize the internal cracks and nonadherent defects at the titanium-porcelain interface using scanning acoustic microscopy. Titanium samples coated with porcelain without a bonding agent, with sputter coated palladium or chromium as an oxygen diffusion barrier on the titanium, and with the use of a porcelain bonding agent (control group) were compared. The scanning acoustic microscopy analyses were correlated with four-point bending test results. The group that was initially coated with palladium had fewer interfacial defects and a higher load to failure than the control group, and the group that did not contain the bonding agent had a higher void area and a lower load to failure than the control group. The use of chromium produced no differences from the control group. Samples after a four-point bending test were also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The scanning electron microscopy was not able to characterize interfacial defects at the fractured titanium-ceramic interface for some of the samples. The validity of nondestructive analysis at the Ti-ceramic interface using scanning acoustic microscopy was demonstrated in this study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4950, USA. rxw26@po.cwru.edu
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Meyers
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Katz
mesh_terms: D002857:Chromium; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent; D016876:Metal Ceramic Alloys; D008853:Microscopy / Q000379:methods; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning / Q000379:methods; D010165:Palladium; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D016876:Metal Ceramic Alloys; D002857:Chromium; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D010165:Palladium; D014025:Titanium