title: Central adiposity and hemodynamic functioning at rest and during stress in adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the impact of central adiposity upon hemodynamic functioning at rest and during stress in adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional, correlational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  46 White and 49 Black normotensive adolescents with family histories of essential hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), cardiac output and total peripheral resistance responses were assessed at rest, during postural change, video game challenge and forehead cold stimulation. Specific lower and higher waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) tertiles were created for each gender and then integrated for analyses. This resulted in a lower WHR tertile of 11 Whites and 21 Blacks and an upper WHR tertile of 15 Whites and 17 Blacks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences in age, gender or ethnicity proportions were found between tertile groups (all P > 0.21). The upper WHR group showed greater body weight, waist and hip circumferences, body mass index (BMI), triceps skinfold and body surface area (all P < 0.001). Controlling for peripheral (that is, triceps skinfold) and overall (that is, BMI) adiposity, the upper WHR group exhibited greater SBP (that is, peak response minus mean pre-stressor level) to all three stressors and greater DBP reactivity to postural change and cold pressor (all P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Central adiposity appears to adversely influence hemodynamic functioning during adolescence. Underlying mechanisms responsible for these associations require exploration.
authors.affiliation: Georgia Institute for Prevention of Human Disease and Accidents, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta 30912, USA.
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Treiber
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Kelley
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Strong
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000886:Anthropometry; D001481:Basal Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D044383:Black People; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012885:Skinfold Thickness; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000503:physiopathology*; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data