title: Potential value of urinary intercellular adhesion molecule-1 determination in patients with bladder cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is known to play a role in immunity against bladder cancer and can be detected in the supernatants of cultured bladder cancer cells that constitutively express ICAM-1. This study was performed to examine the relevance of the ICAM-1 urine test in patients with bladder cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 53 patients with bladder carcinoma, 35 with history of bladder cancer, and 30 normal control subjects were included in this analysis. Urinary ICAM-1 (ulCAM-1) levels were measured by immunoassay and corrected for hydration status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Levels of ulCAM-1 were significantly elevated in patients with bladder cancer or those at tumor-free status compared with normal control subjects (P=0.001). However, there was no apparent difference between the two groups of urothelial disorders (P >0.1). ulCAM-1 did not correlate with clinicopathologic variables of bladder cancer or patient outcome (P >0.1). Six patients at tumor-free status had multiple ulCAM-1 determinations during the study period. Three of these 6 patients had elevated ulCAM-1 levels and proved to have recurrent tumors; 3 of the 6 had stable ulCAM-1 levels and were still free of disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that urinary excretion of ICAM-1 is elevated in the early stage of bladder carcinogenesis, but is independent of biologic properties of bladder cancer. Serial monitoring of ulCAM-1 may be helpful in selecting patients who are at risk of tumor recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Tzai
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000652:urine*; D008875:Middle Aged; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1