title: [Treatment of spasticity with injections of botulinum toxin. Review of the literature].
abstract: Botulinum toxin injections are a new treatment for limb spasticity. Intramuscular injections can be performed in spastic muscles; efficacy occurs one or two weeks later, with a mean duration of three months. Clinical action is related to chemical denervation of presynaptic motor end nerves by the botulinum toxin. Double blind studies versus placebo have demonstrated the improvement of limb spasticity after injections of botulinum toxin. Ashworth scales, articular angulations, pain and spasms improve both in upper and lower limb spasticity. Functional scores are not changed in the upper limb, but quality of life improves. Kinematic parameters of gait are improved in lower limb spasticity, especially in children with cerebral palsy disorders. There were no reports of serious side effects. Botulinum toxin is a safe and effective treatment of localized spasticity in adults and children.
authors.affiliation: Service de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, Créteil.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fève
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Decq
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Filipetti
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kéravel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018726:Anti-Dyskinesia Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005121:Extremities / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
chemical_list: D018726:Anti-Dyskinesia Agents; D001905:Botulinum Toxins
vernacular_title: Traitement de la spasticité par injections de toxine botulique. Revue de la littérature.