title: Intraoperative management for removal of tumor thrombus in the inferior vena cava or the right atrium with multiplane transesophageal echocardiography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To investigate the role and impact of multiplane transesophageal echocardiography during thrombectomy in the inferior vena cava or the right atrium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective.
  
  
  METHODS
  A university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four patients who underwent removal of tumor thrombus in the inferior vena cava (IVC) or the right atrium.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of 4 patients and videotapes of these intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography examinations were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before thrombectomy, multiplane transesophageal echocardiography (MTEE) provided excellent IVC long axis view, which offered precise recognition of the cephalic extent of tumor, extent of caval occlusion, characterization of the tumor head. During surgery, MTEE could provide continuous monitoring of cardiac function, cardiac volume, and pulmonary embolism. Moreover, MTEE could provide the useful images of a cannula or the caval occlusion balloon catheter, which facilitated removal of neoplasm extending into the IVC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We presented four surgical cases, in which the removal of the tumor extended into the inferior vena cava or the right atrium using MTEE. MTEE could provide valuable information such as excellent images of the tumor, cardiac function, the position of a cannula or the caval occlusion balloon catheter. These findings could improve the anesthetic management of the patients, as well as the surgical approach and technical maneuvers, and facilitate removal of neoplasm into the IVC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Yokohama City, University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koide
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mizoguchi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Okumura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017131:Thrombectomy; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior