title: Real-time bronchoscope tip localization enables three-dimensional CT image guidance for transbronchial needle aspiration in swine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the feasibility of using real-time bronchoscope position technology coupled with previously acquired three-dimensional CT data to enhance transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight swine were given percutaneously created target lesions for TBNA. A miniature position sensor was placed at the tip of a bronchoscope, and real-time position information during bronchoscopy was presented on a monitor simultaneously displaying previously acquired three-dimensional CT data.
  
  
  METHODS
  TBNA of target lesions and submucosal ink-spot injection of computer-generated targets.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TBNA specimens revealed successful aspiration of target material. Distances between ink marks made at computer-generated tracheal targets varied, on average (+/- SD), 4.2 mm +/- 2.6 mm from predetermined computer-distance coordinates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Real-time bronchoscope position technology coupled with previously acquired CT images may aid with TBNA of nonvisible extrabronchial lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA. ssolomo@welchlink.welch.jhu.edu
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Acker
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Strandberg
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Venbrux
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D020680:Bronchoscopes; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D013552:Swine; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014132:Trachea / Q000473:pathology