title: Gene modification of primary tumor cells for active immunotherapy of human breast and ovarian cancer.
abstract: We have previously shown that cationic liposomes facilitate adeno-associated virus (AAV) plasmid transfections of primary and cultured cell types. To test the clinical feasibility of using genetically modified tumor vaccines for the treatment of breast and ovarian cancers, we have constructed an expression plasmid pMP6IL2 and investigated the use of liposome-mediated gene delivery into primary, uncultured human breast and ovarian tumor cells to produce interleukin 2 (IL-2)-secreting tumor cells. We have demonstrated significant levels of IL-2 expression in tumor cell lines and primary breast and ovarian tumor cells using this AAV-based expression plasmid complexed to cationic liposomes. Transfections with the non-AAV plasmid containing the identical expression cassette as the AAV plasmid induced IL-2 expression in the tumor cell line but failed to produce IL-2 in primary tumor cells. Significant levels of IL-2 were induced with the AAV plasmid regardless of liposome compositions used for transfection. The transfected breast cell line and primary tumor cells were able to express the transgene product for up to 28 days after lethal radiation. The transfection efficiency was comparable for both the tumor cell line and primary tumor cells and ranged from 20 to 50% for both cell types as assessed by intracellular IL-2 staining. Although the primary tumor cell preparations consist of mixed population of cells, at least 40% of the tumor cells expressed the transgene as assessed by immunostaining for IL-2. The ability to efficiently express transgenes in freshly isolated, nondividing tumor cells may potentiate active immunotherapy strategies for gene-based cancer treatment.
authors.affiliation: Applied Immune Sciences, Inc., Santa Clara, California 95054-1114, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Philip
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Clary
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brunette
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kilinski
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Murugesh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sorich
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yau
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lebkowski
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Lyerly
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Philip
mesh_terms: D015139:Blotting, Southern; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D000229:Dependovirus / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D006801:Humans; D016233:Immunotherapy, Active; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000235:genetics*; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D010957:Plasmids; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D007376:Interleukin-2