title: Modifying effects of amlodipine on cyclosporin A-induced changes in renal function in patients with psoriasis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the benefit of amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker, on renal function and vasoactive hormones in individuals with normal kidneys and blood pressure and who were being treated with cyclosporin A for refractory psoriasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  An open-label, two-stage, longitudinal study was employed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were divided into two groups: Group I received cyclosporin A, 5 mg/kg per day for 6 months titrated down to 2.5-3.5 mg/kg per day for 6 months, then concomitant amlodipine 5 mg/day for 6 months; and Group II received concomitant cyclosporin A, 5 mg/kg per day, and amlodipine, 5 mg/day, for 6 months. Blood pressure, serum creatinine, glomerular filtration rate, urinary magnesium, plasma renin activity and urinary kallikrein excretion were measured before and after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen patients were enrolled, and 12 completed the study. In Group I (n = 7), 12 months of cyclosporin A therapy significantly increased systolic blood pressure and significantly decreased glomerular filtration rate, plasma renin activity and active urinary kallikrein. Amlodipine reversed these changes. In Group II (n = 5), 6 months of concomitant cyclosporin A and amlodipine significantly reduced active urinary kallikrein levels. No significant changes occurred in the other measured parameters in either group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cyclosporin A produces a sustained and significant fall in glomerular filtration rate and urinary kallikrein excretion, even in patients with normal kidneys and blood pressure. Amlodipine is potentially capable of reversing these nephrotoxic effects.
authors.affiliation: Wessex Renal and Transplant Unit and the University of Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: G V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Raman
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Farrer
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Albano
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cook
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017311:Amlodipine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007610:Kallikreins / Q000652:urine; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011565:Psoriasis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D017311:Amlodipine; D016572:Cyclosporine; D007610:Kallikreins; D012083:Renin