title: Effects of protein restriction in early life on growth and function of the gastrointestinal tract of the rat.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Undernutrition during early life may have both immediate and later consequences. This study was undertaken to measure the long-term effects of perinatal undernutrition on the growth and function of the gastrointestinal tract.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pregnant rats were assigned to one of four groups that received isocaloric diets restricted in protein during pregnancy or lactation and during both or neither. Thereafter, their pups were followed until aged 1 year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 21 days the body weights of the young of those born of dams with postnatal protein restriction were halved, with comparable reductions in the weights of the stomach and caecum, compared with those of control animals. The lengths of the small and large intestines and mucosal weights of the foregut were also significantly reduced. Lactase activities were significantly increased and sucrase and maltase activities significantly reduced. By 42 days all the effects were less marked, and at 1 year the dimensions of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract and the composition and enzyme levels of the mucosa were all insignificantly different relative to body weight.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prenatal protein restriction alone had no significant long-term negative effects on body weight, growth, or mucosal hydrolase activity of the gastrointestinal tract. Postnatal protein restriction had a marked effect on these indices in early life and delayed the changes in mucosal hydrolases usually seen at weaning. In contrast with other organs and their functions, long-term growth of the gut and activity of small intestinal hydrolases are preserved in the face of perinatal protein restriction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Health, Glasgow University, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: L T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Weaver
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Austin
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Arthur
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lucas
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Hales
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004064:Digestive System / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D004186:Disaccharidases / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism; D007774:Lactation; D009748:Nutrition Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D009929:Organ Size; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D004186:Disaccharidases