title: Replication of clinical innovations in multiple medical practices.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many clinical innovations had been successfully developed and piloted in individual medical practice units of Kaiser Permanente in North Carolina during 1995 and 1996. Difficulty in replicating these clinical innovations consistently throughout all 21 medical practice units led to development of the interdisciplinary Clinical Innovation Implementation Team, which was formed by using existing resources from various departments across the region. REPLICATION MODEL: Based on a model of transfer of best practices, the implementation team developed a process and tools (master schedule and activity matrix) to quickly replicate successful pilot projects throughout all medical practice units. The process involved the following steps: identifying a practice and delineating its characteristics and measures (source identification); identifying a team to receive the (new) practice; piloting the practice; and standardizing, including the incorporation of learnings. The model includes the following components for each innovation: sending and receiving teams, an innovation coordinator role, an innovation expert role, a location expert role, a master schedule, and a project activity matrix. Communication depended on a partnership among the location experts (local knowledge and credibility), the innovation coordinator (process expertise), and the innovation experts (content expertise).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results after 12 months of working with the 21 medical practice units include integration of diabetes care team services into the practices, training of more than 120 providers in the use of personal computers and an icon-based clinical information system, and integration of a planwide self-care program into the medical practices--all with measurable improved outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The model for sequential replication and the implementation team structure and function should be successful in other organizational settings.
authors.affiliation: Children's Primary Care Research Group, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA. henleyn@ibm.net
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Henley
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pearce
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Weir
mesh_terms: D019985:Benchmarking; D003142:Communication; D006123:Group Practice / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards; D006279:Health Maintenance Organizations / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D007857:Leadership; D008332:Management Quality Circles; D009657:North Carolina; D009936:Organizational Innovation; D017749:Total Quality Management