title: Regulation of NF-kappa B, AP-1, NFAT, and STAT1 nuclear import in T lymphocytes by noninvasive delivery of peptide carrying the nuclear localization sequence of NF-kappa B p50.
abstract: Activation of T lymphocytes by Ags or cytokines results in translocation of the transcription factors NF-kappa B, AP-1, NFAT, and STAT from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. The first step in the nuclear import process is recognition of a nuclear localization sequence (NLS) within the karyophilic protein by a cytoplasmic receptor such as the importin (karyopherin)-alpha subunit. The NLSs of NF-kappa B, AP-1, and NFAT differ and the NLS of STAT1 has not yet been identified. Herein we demonstrate that the inducible nuclear import of NF-kappa B, AP-1, NFAT, and STAT1 in Jurkat T lymphocytes is significantly inhibited by a cell-permeable peptide carrying the NLS of the NF-kappa B p50 subunit. NLS peptide-mediated disruption of the nuclear import of these transcription factors results in inhibition of I kappa B alpha and IL-2 gene expression, processes dependent on NF-kappa B or the combination of NF-kappa B, AP-1, and NFAT. Further, we show that inhibitory NLS peptide interacts in vitro with a cytoplasmic NLS receptor complex comprised of the Rch1/importin (karyopherin)-beta heterodimer expressed in Jurkat T cells. Taken together, these data indicate that the inducible nuclear import of NF-kappa B, AP-1, NFAT, and STAT1 in Jurkat T cells can be regulated by NLS peptide delivered noninvasively to the cytoplasm of Jurkat T cells to target members of the importin (karyopherin)-alpha beta NLS receptor complex.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Torgerson
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Colosia
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Donahue
authors.forename: Y Z
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hawiger
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000276:immunology; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000276:immunology; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D007700:Kinetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D052002:NF-kappa B p50 Subunit; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; D019913:Nuclear Localization Signals / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010455:Peptides / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D007376:Interleukin-2; D016328:NF-kappa B; D052002:NF-kappa B p50 Subunit; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; C000606204:NFKBIA protein, human; D019913:Nuclear Localization Signals; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010455:Peptides; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; C494079:STAT1 protein, human; D015534:Trans-Activators; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha