title: Physical-chemical and ecotoxicological evaluation of water based drilling fluids used in Italian off-shore.
abstract: In order to evaluate the effects on the marine ecosystem caused by an eventual discharge into sea of water based drilling fluids, as current legislation allows, chemical and ecotoxicological analyses were performed on the most common drilling muds and products used in Italian off-shore activities. The chemical analysis on drilling fluids involved the leaching test and the measurement of total content of heavy metals, whereas biodegradation tests were performed on the products used in mud's formulations. As for ecotoxicological evaluation, two marine organisms, the crustacean Artemia salina and the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, were selected to determine the LC50 and the EC50 respectively.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e del Territorio, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Terzaghi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Buffagni
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cantelli
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bonfanti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Camatini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001156:Artemia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D017753:Ecosystem; D056890:Eukaryota / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D007558:Italy; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D012995:Solubility; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical