title: The protein kinase Cdr2, related to Nim1/Cdr1 mitotic inducer, regulates the onset of mitosis in fission yeast.
abstract: Cdc2-Cyclin B, the protein kinase that catalyzes the onset of mitosis, is subject to multiple forms of regulation. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe and most other species, a key mode of Cdc2-Cyclin B regulation is the inhibitory phosphorylation of Cdc2 on tyrosine-15. This phosphorylation is catalyzed by the protein kinases Wee1 and Mik1 and removed by the phosphatase Cdc25. These proteins are also regulated, a notable example being the inhibition of Wee1 by the protein kinase Nim1/Cdr1. The temperature-sensitive mutation cdc25-22 is synthetic lethal with nim1/cdr1 mutations, suggesting that a synthetic lethal genetic screen could be used to identify novel mitotic regulators. Here we describe that such a screen has identified cdr2(+), a gene that has an important role in the mitotic control. Cdr2 is a 775 amino acid protein kinase that is closely related to Nim1 and mitotic control proteins in budding yeast. Deletion of cdr2 causes a G2-M delay that is more severe than that caused by nim1/cdr1 mutations. Genetic studies are consistent with a model in which Cdr2 negatively regulates Wee1. This model is supported by experiments showing that Cdr2 associates with the N-terminal regulatory domain of Wee1 in cell lysates and phosphorylates Wee1 in vitro. Thus, Cdr2 is a novel mitotic control protein that appears to regulate Wee1.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Molecular Biology and Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kanoh
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Russell
mesh_terms: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D016203:CDC2 Protein Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D019926:Cyclin B / Q000378:metabolism; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D008938:Mitosis / Q000502:physiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012568:Schizosaccharomyces / Q000166:cytology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029702:Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D019926:Cyclin B; D017931:DNA Primers; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D029702:Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins; D014443:Tyrosine; C080364:cdr1 protein, S pombe; C068689:wee1 protein, S pombe; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D016203:CDC2 Protein Kinase; D009584:Nitrogen