title: Esophageal rupture during balloon dilation of strictures of benign or malignant causes: prevalence and clinical importance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the prevalence and clinical importance of esophageal rupture during balloon dilation for treatment of esophageal stricture.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fluoroscopically guided esophageal balloon dilation was performed within 9 years in 96 consecutive patients with esophageal strictures. Esophageal rupture was classified into three types: type 1 was intramural; type 2, transmural; and type 3, transmural with mediastinal leakage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Each patient underwent one to seven procedures, for a total of 191 procedures. Esophageal rupture occurred in 20 patients (21%). Type 1 esophageal rupture occurred in eight patients, type 2 in 11, and type 3 in one. All esophageal ruptures were detected immediately after the procedure. Sixteen patients were treated with fasting, parenteral alimentation, and antibiotics; two were treated surgically; and two were treated with stent placement. No treatment-related deaths occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The overall prevalence of esophageal rupture was 21%. A substantial number of patients who developed type 1 rupture had associated clinical symptoms, such as pain and fever, but responded to conservative management and are thus included as having complications of esophageal balloon dilation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: H Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Goo
authors.forename: K B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Sung
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002404:Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D004940:Esophageal Stenosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000293:injuries*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012421:Rupture / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology