title: The clinical implications of no reflow demonstrated with intravenous perfluorocarbon containing microbubbles following restoration of Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 3 flow in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
abstract: Intravenous injections or infusions of perfluorocarbon-exposed sonicated dextrose albumin microbubbles were given 2.4 +/- 1.6 days following acute myocardial infarction to 45 consecutive patients. Patients were divided into 3 groups: patients with Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) grade 3 angiographic flow but persistent myocardial contrast defects by echocardiography (no reflow), patients with TIMI 3 flow and myocardial contrast enhancement (reflow), and patients with TIMI grade 0 to 2 flow in the infarct vessel. Thirty-five patients had TIMI 3 flow at the time of contrast study. Of these, 25 had evidence of reflow with intravenous contrast, whereas 10 (29%) still had contrast defects. At follow-up, end-systolic volume index decreased significantly in patients who exhibited reflow (21 +/- 8 ml/m2 at baseline to 18 +/- 8 ml/m2 at follow-up; p = 0.04), whereas those with no reflow had a significant increase (26 +/- 9 ml/m2 at baseline to 32 +/- 9 ml/m2 at follow-up; p = 0.006). A persistent contrast defect in the infarct zone demonstrated with intravenous ultrasound contrast following restoration of TIMI grade 3 flow in the infarct vessel identified patients likely to have deterioration in both regional and global systolic function.
authors.affiliation: University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha 68198-2265, USA. trporter@unmc.edu
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Oster
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Deligonul
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000145:classification* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011379:Prognosis; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D005466:Fluorocarbons