title: Effect of apolipoprotein E polymorphism on serum lipid response to the separate modification of dietary fat and dietary cholesterol.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The magnitude of the influence of the apolipoprotein (apo) E genotype on the lipid response to different cholesterol-lowering diet modifications has been controversial.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of apo E genotype on serum lipid response to the separate modification of dietary fat and cholesterol.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study design with the 3 main apo E genotype groups (3/3, 3/4, and 4/4; n = 15 in each group) was used. Groups were matched for sex, age, body mass index, menopausal status, and baseline serum cholesterol concentration. Subjects followed 3 different diets in fixed order: 1) a standardized baseline diet (38% fat, 300 mg cholesterol/d), 2) a modified National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) diet (34% fat, 265 mg cholesterol/d), and 3) the modified NCEP diet + cholesterol (566 mg cholesterol/d). Subjects were middle-aged (50.9 +/- 8.0 y) and mildly hypercholesterolemic (6.55 +/- 1.05 mmol/L).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The genotype groups differed in their total cholesterol response to the NCEP diet; the mean (95% CI) decrease being greatest, -14.1% (-19.8%, -8.6% ), in subjects with apo E genotype 4/4 (P = 0.03, analysis of variance). The increase in total cholesterol after addition of 300 mg cholesterol was also greatest in subjects with apo E 4/4 [10.4% (5.8%, 15.1%)] (P = 0.03, analysis of variance).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Apo E genotype modified the lipid response to changes in both dietary fat and cholesterol in mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects; the response was greatest in subjects with apo E genotype 4/4 and even a moderate increase in dietary cholesterol resulted in a 10% elevation in serum total cholesterol in them.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Kuopio, Finland. essi.sarkkinen@uku.fi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sarkkinen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Korhonen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Erkkilä
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ebeling
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uusitupa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000378:metabolism; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000235:genetics; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D008055:Lipids; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol