title: Oculoplastic experience with the cosmetic use of botulinum A exotoxin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Botulinum toxin is a neuromuscular blocking agent produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. It has been used as a therapeutic agent in ophthalmology for over 18 years.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To present the cosmetic use of botulinum toxin in oculoplastic surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present our experience with botulinum toxin as a cosmetic agent.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Botulinum toxin was successful in treating hyperfunctional lines of the face and neck.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Botulinum toxin is a safe and effective method of treating dynamic lines of the face and neck.
authors.affiliation: Division of Orbital and Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Jules Stein Eye Institute, UCLA School of Medicine, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Edelstein
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shorr
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Balch
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goldberg
mesh_terms: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000294:innervation; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000379:methods; D009121:Muscle Denervation; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000294:innervation; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000187:drug effects*; D013518:Surgery, Plastic / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A