title: PET and SPECT in medically non-refractory complex partial seizures. Temporal asymmetries of glucose consumption, benzodiazepine receptor density, and blood flow.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In contrast to medically refractory complex partial seizures (CPS), only limited knowledge exists on cerebral perfusion and metabolism in medically non-refractory CPS. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of temporal asymmetries in regional cerebral glucose consumption (rCMRGlc), regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), and regional cerebral benzodiazepine receptor density (BRD) in this group of patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 49 patients with medically non-refractory cryptogenic CPS (age: 36.0 +/- 16.1 years). rCMRGlc was studied with F-18-FDG-PET (FDG), rCBF with Tc-99m-ECD-SPECT (ECD), and BRD with l-123-iomazenil-SPECT (IMZ). All studies were performed interictally and within four weeks in each patient. Duration of epilepsy ranged from 0.1 to 42 years (median 4.0 years). SPECT was performed with the triple-headed SPECT camera Multispect 3, PET with the PET camera ECAT EXACT 47. Using linear profiles, glucose consumption, as well as uptake of ECD and IMZ, were measured in four temporal regions of interest (ROIs), and asymmetry indices were calculated (ASY). The results were compared to 95% confidence intervals determined in control subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-five of the 49 (71%) patients had at least one significantly elevated ASY; temporal rCMRGlc was asymmetrical in 41% of the patients, temporal BRD in 29%, and temporal rCBF in 24%. One patient had an asymmetry of all three variables, two of temporal rCMRGlc and BRD, three of temporal rCMRGlc and rCBF, and another four of rCBF and BRD. Fourteen patients had an isolated temporal asymmetry in rCMRGlc, seven in BRD, and four in rCBF. A discrepancy in lateralization between the three modalities was not observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of patients with medically non-refractory CPS have focal abnormalities of blood flow and metabolism in their temporal lobe. In this group of patients, FDG-PET demonstrates abnormalities with the highest frequency of the three modalities studied, followed by IMZ-SPECT, and ECD-SPECT.
authors.affiliation: Kliniken und Polikliniken für Nuklearmedizin, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Deutschland.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Matheja
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuwert
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Stodieck
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Diehl
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schuierer
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Ringelstein
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Schober
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017029:Epilepsy, Complex Partial / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000032:analysis*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed / Q000295:instrumentation; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon / Q000295:instrumentation
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D005947:Glucose