title: Total repair of pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and major aortopulmonary collaterals: an integrated approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Predicting postrepair right ventricular/left ventricular pressure ratio has prognostic relevance for patients undergoing total repair of pulmonary atresia, ventricular septal defect, and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries. To this purpose, we currently rely on 2 novel parameters: (1) preoperative total neopulmonary arterial index and (2) mean pulmonary artery pressure changes during an intraoperative flow study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Since January 1994, 15 consecutive patients (aged 64 +/- 54 months) with pulmonary atresia, ventricular septal defect, and major aortopulmonary collaterals were managed according to total neopulmonary arterial index. Seven patients with hypoplastic pulmonary arteries and a total neopulmonary arterial index less than 150 mm(2)/m(2) underwent palliative right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction followed by secondary 1-stage unifocalization and ventricular septal defect closure. The other 8 patients with a preoperative index of more than 150 mm(2)/m(2) underwent primary single-stage unifocalization and repair. The ventricular septal defect was closed in all cases (reopened in 1). In 9, such decision was based on an intraoperative flow study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients treated by right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction had a significant increase of pulmonary artery index (P=.006) within 22 +/- 6 months. Repair was successful in 14 cases (postrepair right ventricular/left ventricular pressure ratio = 0.47 +/- 0.1). One hospital death occurred as a result of pulmonary vascular obstructive disease, despite a reassuring intraoperative flow study. Accuracy of this test in predicting the postrepair mean pulmonary artery pressure was 89% (95% CI: 51%-99%). At follow-up (18 +/- 12 months), all patients are free of symptoms, requiring no medications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The integrated approach to total repair of pulmonary atresia, ventricular septal defect, and major aortopulmonary collaterals by preoperative calculation of total neopulmonary arterial index, right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction (when required), and intraoperative flow study may lead to optimal intermediate results.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Bambino Gesú Hospital, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carotti
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Di Donato
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Squitieri
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Guccione
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Catena
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000792:Angiography; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000601:surgery; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003097:Collateral Circulation; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000601:surgery; D018633:Pulmonary Atresia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures