title: Estrogen blocks M-CSF gene expression and osteoclast formation by regulating phosphorylation of Egr-1 and its interaction with Sp-1.
abstract: Central to the pathogenesis of osteoporosis is the ability of estrogen deficiency to increase osteoclast formation by enhancing stromal cell production of the osteoclastogenic cytokine macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). We report that stromal cells from ovariectomized mice exhibit increased casein kinase II-dependent phosphorylation of the nuclear protein Egr-1. Phosphorylated Egr-1 binds less avidly to the transcriptional activator Sp-1 and the resulting higher levels of free Sp-1 stimulate transactivation of the M-CSF gene. Estrogen replacement fails to block M-CSF mRNA expression and osteoclast formation in ovariectomized mice lacking Egr-1, confirming the critical role played by this transcription factor in mediating the antiosteoclastogenic effects of estrogen. Thus, by downregulating formation of a novel Egr-1/Sp-1 complex in stromal cells, estrogen deficiency results in enhanced levels of free Sp-1 and increased M-CSF gene expression and osteoclast formation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, and Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Weitzmann
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Kimble
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rizzo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zahner
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Milbrandt
authors.forename: F P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pacifici
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D047390:Casein Kinase II; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010052:Ovariectomy; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D051705:Sp3 Transcription Factor; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000502:physiology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1; C486109:Egr1 protein, mouse; D004967:Estrogens; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051705:Sp3 Transcription Factor; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase; D047390:Casein Kinase II; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases