title: Pharmacokinetics and absolute bioavailability of ciprofloxacin administered through a nasogastric tube with continuous enteral feeding to critically ill patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the pharmacokinetics and absolute bioavailability of ciprofloxacin in 12 critically ill patients receiving continuous enteral feeding.
  
  
  METHODS
  a prospective, cross-over study.
  
  
  METHODS
  12-bed surgical intensive care unit in a University Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  12 stable critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation and receiving continuous enteral feeding (Normoreal fibres) without diarrhea or excessive residual gastric contents ( < 200 ml/4 h). None had gastro-intestinal disease, renal insufficiency (estimated creatinine clearance > or = 50 ml/min) or was receiving medications that could interfere with ciprofloxacin absorption or metabolism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study was carried out after the fourth (steady state) b. i. d. intravenous (i. v.) 1-h infusion of 400 mg and the second b. i. d. nasogastric (NG) dose of 750 mg (crushed tablet in suspension). Plasma concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. The median (range) peak concentration after i. v. infusion was 4.1 (1.5-7.4) mg/l, and that after NG administration was 2.3 (0.7-5.8) mg/l, occurring 1.25 (0.75-3.33) h after dosing. The median [range] areas under plasma concentration-time curves were similar for the two administration routes (10.3 [3.3-34.6] and 8.4 [3.6-53.4] for i.v. infusion and NG administration, respectively). Ciprofloxacin bioavailability ranges from 31 to 82 % (median, 44%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In tube-fed critically ill patients, a switch to the NG ciprofloxacin after initial i. v. therapy to simplify the treatment of severe infections is restricted to those for whom serial assessments of ciprofloxacin levels are routinely available.
authors.affiliation: Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation Chirurgicale, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France. darkb@imaginet.fr
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mimoz
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Binter
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jacolot
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Edouard
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tod
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Petitjean
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Samii
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001682:Biological Availability; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D016638:Critical Illness; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D004750:Enteral Nutrition / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007441:Intubation, Gastrointestinal; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D002939:Ciprofloxacin