title: Effect of hen production age on egg composition and embryo development in commercial Pekin ducks.
abstract: At 26, 31, 36, and 42 wk of age, eggs were collected from the same duck breeder flock to study the effects of hen production age on egg composition and embryo development. At each hen age, yolk and albumen measurements were made on a random subsample of unincubated eggs. Embryo and yolk sac measurements were made at 20, 22, 24, 26, 27, and 28 d of incubation. Egg weight was significantly affected by hen production age, but most of the observed age effects occurred between 26 and 31 wk with minimal age differences thereafter due to a quantitative feed restriction for egg weight. Yolk weight increased significantly with hen production age, with the largest increase, 6.6 g, also occurring between 26 and 31 wk of age. Yolk-free duckling weight increased with hen production age at 27 d of incubation. The yolk sacs of embryos from the 31-, 36-, and 42-wk-old hens were heavier at 20 and 22 d, before the differentiation in embryo weight. Differences in yolk sac weight were not consistently affected by hen production age between 26 and 28 d of incubation. The eggs from the 42-wk-old hens weighed 3.3 g less than those from the 31-wk-old hens, but yolk-free duckling weight at 27 d was 2.9 g heavier from the 42-wk-old hens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster 44691, USA.
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Applegate
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Harper
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lilburn
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D004372:Ducks / Q000502:physiology*; D004530:Egg Yolk; D004531:Eggs; D047108:Embryonic Development; D005260:Female; D009929:Organ Size; D015017:Yolk Sac / Q000033:anatomy & histology