title: Corporeal veno-occlusive dysfunction: a distal arterial pathology?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Alteration of intracavernous smooth muscle cells has been demonstrated in patients with pure venous leakage. This modification seems correlated with reduction of intracavernous oxygen tension. However, Doppler imaging of the cavernous arteries in these patients is normal. To understand the ischemic factor we studied the endothelium of the terminal arteries with computerized image analysis and immunohistochemical staining with 2 types of lectin in patients with venous leakage and those with normal erections. Lectins are glycoproteins that can be used as histological markers to monitor functional and pathological changes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four patients 44 to 59 years old with normal erections who were operated on for penile cancer and 11 patients 27 to 62 years old with pure venous leakage (flow to maintain erection greater than 15 ml. per minute and cavernous flow velocity greater than 35 cm. per second) were included in the study. Immunohistochemical staining with 2 lectins, wheat germ agglutinin and Ulex europeaus agglutinin I, was performed and analyzed with computerized image analysis. The labeling index which relates to the percentage of staining indicates the distribution of the endothelial cells, and mean optical density which relates to the staining intensity indicates the function of these cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean labeling index values for the 2 lectins were similar in both groups (p >0.05). Mean optical density values for the 2 lectins were significantly greater for the patients with normal erections (p <0.01). Therefore, the distribution of the endothelial cells was the same while their function was different in patients with corporeal veno-occlusive dysfunction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Staining with wheat germ agglutinin and Ulex europeaus agglutinin I lectin types allowed us to detect alteration in the glyco-histochemistry of the endothelial cells of the small arteries, and venous leakage could be the first step in vasculogenic impotence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Erasme Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wespes
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Raviv
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Vanegas
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Decaestecker
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petein
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Danguy
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Schulman
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kiss
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D018783:Impotence, Vasculogenic / Q000209:etiology*; D037102:Lectins / Q000032:analysis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D037121:Plant Lectins; D014909:Wheat Germ Agglutinins / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D037102:Lectins; D037121:Plant Lectins; C036850:Ulex europaeus lectins; D014909:Wheat Germ Agglutinins