title: Effect of inhibition of nitric oxide synthase on Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection of respiratory mucosa in vitro.
abstract: We studied the effect of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor asymmetric dimethyl arginine (ADMA) and the inactive enantiomer N G-methyl-D-arginine (D-NMMA) on Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection of the respiratory mucosa in nasal turbinate organ cultures. We also investigated the effect of P. aeruginosa culture filtrate on the expression of inducible NOS (iNOS) messenger RNA (mRNA) by an epithelial cell line (A549). Organ cultures were preincubated with ADMA (0.1 to 4 x 10(-4) M) or D-NMMA (2 x 10(-4) M) for 30 min prior to bacterial infection. Infected organ cultures (8 h) had significantly (P <= 0.05) greater epithelial damage and fewer ciliated and unciliated cells than did control cultures. There was an increased level of nitrite in the medium feeding infected organ cultures as compared with control cultures. ADMA significantly (P <= 0.05) reduced both bacterially induced epithelial damage and loss of ciliated cells in a concentration-dependent manner. D-NMMA did not influence the effect of P. aeruginosa infection of the mucosa. ADMA, but not D-NMMA, significantly (P <= 0.04) reduced total bacterial numbers adherent to the respiratory mucosa. P. aeruginosa culture filtrates (24 h and 36 h) significantly (P = 0.02) increased iNOS with respect to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA expression. These results show that P. aeruginosa stimulates iNOS expression by a cell line and NO production by an organ culture. ADMA reduces mucosal damage and loss of ciliated cells, which suggests that NO may be a mediator of epithelial damage caused by P. aeruginosa.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Medicine, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Dowling
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Newton
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Robichaud
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000382:microbiology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000382:microbiology*; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009573:Nitrites; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C018524:N,N-dimethylarginine; D001120:Arginine; C496319:NOS2 protein, human; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II