title: Force-frequency relations in nonfailing and failing animal myocardium.
abstract: This paper reviews the recent data concerning the force-frequency relations in experimental animals with heart failure. After a brief overview of the nature of these relations, which are induced by 2 opposite phenomena, the potentiation of force of contraction by heart rate and the restitution process, the paper reviews first the force-frequency relations in isolated failing myocardium. This is followed by a review of recent data obtained in the in situ failing heart. The cellular mechanisms of the force-frequency relations are then discussed.
authors.affiliation: Unité INSERM U400, Faculté de Médecine, Creteil, France.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Crozatier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002303:Cardiac Output, Low / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000503:physiopathology; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values