title: Technique of, and complications attributable to, repeated hyperosmotic blood-brain barrier disruption in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To design a repeatable technique for reversible, hyperosmotic blood-brain barrier disruption (BBBD) in dogs and evaluate clinical effects of multiple BBBD.
  
  
  METHODS
  10 healthy adult dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using fluoroscopic guidance, an arterial catheter was directed into the internal carotid artery via the femoral artery of 10 dogs. Blood-brain barrier disruption was achieved in 5 dogs, using intracarotid infusion of mannitol. Five control dogs received only saline solution. After recovery, dogs were monitored for clinical signs of disease before a second, nonsurvival procedure was performed 2 to 3 weeks later. BBBD was estimated, using computed tomographic (CT) densitometry values, as well as Evan's blue dye staining on necropsy specimens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven dogs completed the entire study. Two treatment dogs were lost after the first infusion because of deteriorating neurologic function attributed to CNS edema and increased intracranial pressure. One control dog was lost because of vessel wall damage during catheterization. The remaining dogs had only transient neurologic, ocular, and vasculature injuries. Successful BBBD was documented in all treated dogs by use of CT and Evan's blue dye evaluation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Repeated catheterization of the internal carotid artery and disruption of the blood- brain barrier is possible in dogs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Refinement of this technique would be useful not only for improved delivery of chemotherapeutic agents in patients with brain tumors, but also would allow further investigation of new treatments involving genetically engineered retroviruses and monoclonal antibodies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Culver
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inzana
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Troy
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kroll
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Culver
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jortner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000502:physiology*; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal; D002404:Catheterization / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D003720:Densitometry / Q000662:veterinary; D004285:Dogs / Q000502:physiology*; D005070:Evans Blue; D006982:Hypertonic Solutions; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D008297:Male; D008353:Mannitol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D010827:Physiology / Q000379:methods*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000662:veterinary; D014730:Veterinary Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D006982:Hypertonic Solutions; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D008353:Mannitol; D005070:Evans Blue