title: Inhibition of hsp70-1 and hsp70-3 expression disrupts preimplantation embryogenesis and heightens embryo sensitivity to arsenic.
abstract: Mouse 70-kDa heat shock proteins Hsp70-1 and Hsp70-3 (Hsp70-1/3) are stress-inducible protein chaperones thought to protect embryonic cells and tissues from the effects of a wide range of environmental exposures. Hsp70-1/3 are expressed constitutively, and at times are stress-inducible during various stages of preimplantation embryogenesis. In order to elucidate the functions of constitutive and stress-inducible Hsp70 expression in mouse preimplantation embryos, the consequences of inhibiting expression with antisense oligonucleotides complementary to the mRNAs of hsp70-1 and hsp70-3 (A070-1/3) were evaluated. Transfection of preimplantation embryos (four-cell stage) with 2.5 microM A070-1/3 had no effect on in vitro blastocoel formation. However, transfection with 5 or 10 microM A070-1/3 reduced in vitro blastocyst development to 30% and 0%, respectively (approximately 90% control embryos developed to blastocyst). Thus constitutive expression of Hsp70-1/3 appears significant to preimplantation embryogenesis. Limiting expression of Hsp70-1/3 with 5 microM A070-1/3 also heightened embryo sensitivity to arsenic, resulting in less than 5% in vitro development to blastocyst in the presence of the subtoxic dose of 0.4 microM sodium arsenite. Whether the combined effect of A070-1/3 and arsenic is due to blocking inducible expression of the Hsp70s, or due to further reducing the amount of constitutively expressed Hsp70s available to the embryo is not known at this time. However, these results clearly indicate that some minimal amount of Hsp70-1 and/or Hsp70-3 is required for preimplantation embryogenesis, and that increasing the demand for Hsp70s by arsenic exposure heightens this requirement.
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. dix.david@epamail.epa.gov
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Dix
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Garges
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001149:Arsenates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D018387:Codon, Initiator; D047108:Embryonic Development; D005260:Female; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D001149:Arsenates; D018387:Codon, Initiator; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; C081884:heat-shock protein 70.1; C025657:arsenic acid