title: Molecular constituents of the replication apparatus in the plasmodium of Physarum polycephalum: identification by photoaffinity labelling.
abstract: The plasmodium of Physarum polycephalum has long been considered a model system for syncytically growing cells, but important details of the DNA replication apparatus, such as the DNA polymerase epsilon and other replication factors, have not been detected. In this study, a new variation of photoaffinity labelling and immunoblotting was used to detect DNA polymerases and other factors in nuclear extracts of P. polycaphalum. Proteins were specifically cross-linked with photoreactive arylazido-dCMP residues incorporated during extension of template-primer DNA. The DNA synthesized in situ was 32P-labelled. After nucleolytic removal of protruding DNA, the proteins were separated by SDS-gel electrophoresis, electroblotted on membranes and subjected to autoradiography. The alpha, delta, epsilon and beta-like DNA polymerases were labelled, as were histones and replication-factor-like proteins. Cytoplasmic extracts were devoid of these species. Abundant proliferating-cell nuclear antigen and replication protein A large subunit were labelled and found to be of unusual mass. A number of subunits of purified DNA polymerase holoenzymes were labelled. In contrast, only the DNA-polymerizing subunits could be labelled in nuclear extracts. Higher-order complexes in the nuclear extract may make subunits inaccessible to photo-cross-linking. Complex formation is promoted by beta-poly(L-malate), a plasmodium-specific putative storage and carrier molecule that supports DNA replication in the synchronized nuclei. Percoll, a polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated colloidal silica, partially disrupted these complexes. A 200 kDa fragment of DNA polymerase epsilon and a 135 kDa beta-like DNA polymerase did not participate in the complexes, suggesting functions unlike those of the other polymerases. DNA polymerase molecules were intact during proliferation of plasmodia, but were nicked before their clearance from the nuclei at growth arrest.
authors.affiliation: lnstitut fur Biophysik und physikalische Biochemie der UniversitatD-93040 RegensburgGermany.
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Doerhoefer
authors.affiliation: Novosibirsk Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences630090 NovosibirskRussia.
authors.forename: Svetlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khodyreva
authors.affiliation: Novosibirsk Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences630090 NovosibirskRussia.
authors.forename: Lgor V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Safronov
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cytology and Genetics3Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences630090 NovosibirskRussia.
authors.forename: Wjatschesslaw A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: WIasoff
authors.affiliation: Novosibirsk Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences630090 NovosibirskRussia.
authors.forename: Rushid
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Anarbaev
authors.affiliation: Novosibirsk Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences630090 NovosibirskRussia.
authors.forename: Olga I
authors.initials: OI
authors.lastname: Lavrik
authors.affiliation: lnstitut fur Biophysik und physikalische Biochemie der UniversitatD-93040 RegensburgGermany.
authors.forename: Eggehard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Holler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D004257:DNA Polymerase II / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D004261:DNA Replication; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D008293:Malates / Q000494:pharmacology; D019920:Photoaffinity Labels; D016839:Physarum polycephalum / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D011108:Polymers / Q000494:pharmacology; D011205:Povidone / Q000494:pharmacology; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D008293:Malates; D019920:Photoaffinity Labels; D011108:Polymers; C016039:Percoll; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; C074640:poly(malate); D004257:DNA Polymerase II; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; D011205:Povidone