title: Angiographic and intravascular ultrasound predictors of in-stent restenosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was performed to determine predictors of in-stent restenosis from a high volume, single-center practice.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Intracoronary stents have been shown to reduce the restenosis rate as compared with balloon angioplasty, but in-stent restenosis continues to be an important clinical problem.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between April 1993 and March 1997, 1,706 patients with 2,343 lesions were treated with a variety of intracoronary stents. The majority of stents were placed with high pressure balloon inflations and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) guidance. Angiographic follow-up was obtained in 1,173 patients with 1,633 lesions (70%). Clinical, angiographic and IVUS variables were prospectively recorded and analyzed by univariate and multivariate models for the ability to predict the occurrence of in-stent restenosis defined as a diameter stenosis > or =50%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In-stent restenosis was angiographically documented in 282 patients with 409 lesions (25%). The restenosis group had a significantly longer total stent length, smaller reference lumen diameter, smaller final minimal lumen diameter (MLD) by angiography and smaller stent lumen cross-sectional area (CSA) by IVUS. In lesions where IVUS guidance was used, the restenosis rate was 24% as compared with 29% if IVUS was not used (p < 0.05). By multivariate logistic regression analysis, longer total stent length, smaller reference lumen diameter and smaller final MLD were strong predictors of in-stent restenosis. In lesions with IVUS guidance, IVUS stent lumen CSA was a better independent predictor than the angiographic measurements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Achieving an optimal stent lumen CSA by using IVUS guidance during the procedure and minimizing the total stent length may reduce in-stent restenosis.
authors.affiliation: University of California, Irvine, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kasaoka
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Tobis
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akiyama
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Reimers
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Di Mario
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Colombo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D015607:Stents; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional