title: Cost-effectiveness of low-molecular-weight heparin and unfractionated heparin in treatment of deep vein thrombosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acute deep vein thrombosis has traditionally been treated with unfractionated heparin (UFH), administered intravenously, but low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH), administered subcutaneously, have recently become available. The authors sought to determine which therapy was more cost-effective for inpatient and outpatient treatment of deep vein thrombosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  An incremental cost-effectiveness analysis based on a decision tree was performed for 4 treatment strategies for deep vein thrombosis. Rate of major hemorrhage while receiving heparin, rate of recurrence of venous thromboembolism 3 months after treatment and mortality rate 3 months after treatment were determined by meta-analysis. Costs for the UFH therapy were prospectively collected by a case-costing accounting system for 105 patients with deep vein thrombosis treated in fiscal year 1995/96. The costs for LMWH therapy were modelled, and cost-effectiveness was determined by decision analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Meta-analysis revealed a mean difference in risk of hemorrhage of -1.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] -2.4% to 0.3%), a mean difference in risk of recurrence of venous thromboembolism of -2.6% (95% CI -4.5% to -0.7%) and a mean difference in risk of death of -1.9% (95% CI -3.6% to -0.4%), all in favour of subcutaneous unmonitored administration of LMWH. The cost to treat one inpatient was $2993 for LMWH and $3048 for UFH. Even more would be saved if LMWH was delivered on an outpatient basis (cost of $1641 per patient). The cost-effectiveness analysis showed that LMWH in any treatment setting is more cost effective than UFH. A sensitivity analysis demonstrated the robustness of this conclusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment of deep vein thrombosis with LMWH is more cost effective than treatment with UFH in both inpatient and outpatient settings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ont.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodger
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bredeson
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kearns
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Huebsch
mesh_terms: D002170:Canada; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003663:Decision Trees; D016527:Drug Costs; D006493:Heparin / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics*
chemical_list: D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight; D006493:Heparin