title: Limitations of axis II in diagnosing personality pathology in clinical practice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  DSM-IV's axis II is limited to severe personality disturbances, posing difficulty for diagnosing less severe but nonetheless clinically significant personality pathology. The authors examined the percentage of patients treated in clinical practice for personality pathology who are diagnosable with DSM-IV.
  
  
  METHODS
  Psychiatrists and psychologists from a random national sample provided diagnostic data on 714 patients treated for enduring, maladaptive personality patterns.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only 39.4% of the patients had diagnosable axis II disorders. This percentage was relatively stable across clinicians' theoretical orientations and did not vary substantially when axis I diagnosis was controlled for.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DSM-IV cannot be used to diagnose most patients being treated for personality problems. The range of axis II should be broadened to encompass the range of personality pathology seen in clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and the Cambridge Hospital/Cambridge Health Alliance, MA 02139, USA. dw@wjh.harvard.edu
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Westen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Arkowitz-Westen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D006801:Humans; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011570:Psychiatry / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011586:Psychology, Clinical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011613:Psychotherapy; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D009626:Terminology as Topic; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology