title: Anticancer activity and toxicity of S-1, an oral combination of tegafur and two biochemical modulators, compared with continuous i.v. infusion of 5-fluorouracil.
abstract: S-1 is an oral combined form of 1 M tegafur [a prodrug of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)], 0.4 M 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (a reversible inhibitor of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase) and 1 M potassium oxonate (an inhibitor of orotate phosphoribosyltransferase). S-1 has been shown to exert a potent antitumor effect with low gastrointestinal toxicity in experimental tumor models. We have therefore compared the antitumor effect of oral S-1 with that of continuous infusion of 5-FU in rats bearing transplants of human and murine tumors. Almost complete inhibition of the tumor growth was obtained on 7 day schedules in Yoshida sarcoma-bearing rats by consecutive administration of 30 mg/kg/day of oral S-1 and 40 mg/kg/day infusion of 5-FU. However, a significant difference between the incidence of toxicities of S-1 and 5-FU, including body weight loss and diarrhea, was noted. The rats given the 5-FU infusion had marked weight loss and severe diarrhea, while those given oral S-1 had neither. Although about 50% inhibition of the tumor growth was attained with 15 mg/kg/day of oral S-1 and 30 mg/kg/day infusion of 5-FU in nude rats with xenografted human colon cancer (KM12C), the rate of body weight loss in the 5-FU-treated group was distinctly higher than in the S-1-treated group. The ratio of the 5-fluoronucleotide concentrations in gastrointestinal tissue to that in the tumor was lower in the S-1-treated rats than in the 5-FU-treated rats. In conclusion, the results suggest that oral S-1 might be more effective in the treatment of cancer patients than continuous infusion of 5-FU, from the standpoint of antitumor potency and toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Laboratory-2 and Institute for Pathogenic Biochemistry in Medicine, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Hanno-City, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukushima
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimamoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yonekura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohshimo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shirasaka
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D004064:Digestive System / Q000378:metabolism; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D010094:Oxonic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D012517:Sarcoma, Yoshida / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D005641:Tegafur / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D004338:Drug Combinations; D011725:Pyridines; C079198:S 1 (combination); D005641:Tegafur; D010094:Oxonic Acid; D005472:Fluorouracil