title: Surgical treatment for intracerebral hemorrhage (STICH): a single-center, randomized clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To perform a single-center pilot investigation of early hematoma removal in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Considerable debate remains regarding the utility of surgical clot evacuation for ICH.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective trial of open craniotomy within 12 hours of ICH symptom onset versus best medical therapy. Patients were eligible if they had a nontraumatic ICH >9 mL with significant neurologic impairment and were prepared for surgery within 12 hours of symptom onset. The study included a prospective registry of patients and a randomized trial.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The registry group included 34 medical and seven surgical patients. The surgical group had larger hemorrhages (median, 96 mL) and a lower Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score (median, 10) compared with the medical group (33 mL; GCS score, 13). Six-month mortality was less in the medical group (36%) compared with the surgical group (54%). In the randomized series, median ICH volumes were similar in the surgical group (n = 17; 49 mL) compared with the medical group (n = 17; 44 mL). Median GCS score was also similar (medical, 10; surgical, 11). Mortality was lower in the surgical group (6%) compared with the medical group (24%) at 1 month, but similar at 6 months (surgical group, 17%; medical group, 24%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A trial of early surgery for ICH is feasible. This study represents the largest prospective, randomized series of surgery for ICH. A modest early mortality benefit for surgery is possible, but long-term benefit for surgery was not established in this single-center pilot investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, 77030, USA.
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Morgenstern
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Frankowski
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shedden
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pasteur
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Grotta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D003399:Craniotomy; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006406:Hematoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors