title: 1 MAC-incision sevoflurane prevents explicit awareness during surgical skin incision and tracheal intubation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study tested the hypothesis that 1 MAC-incision anesthesia secures unconsciousness during surgical skin incision and tracheal intubation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients scheduled for gynecological laparotomy were anesthetized with sevoflurane as the sole agent. At 1 MAC-incision steady-state conditions, the patients were observed for autonomic/movement responses and wakefulness (response to verbal commands) in the 1-min period following surgical skin incision and tracheal intubation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blood pressure and heart rate increased significantly secondary to both stimuli, and significantly more after tracheal intubation than skin incision. Ten and 19 patients moved in response to skin incision and tracheal intubation, respectively. None of the patients showed wakefulness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is concluded that 1MAC-incision sevoflurane secures unconsciousness during surgical skin incision and tracheal intubation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Mollestad
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Heier
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Steen
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Raeder
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology; D001364:Awareness / Q000187:drug effects*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D003243:Consciousness / Q000187:drug effects; D062109:Dermatologic Surgical Procedures; D005260:Female; D005836:Genitalia, Female / Q000601:surgery; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D007813:Laparotomy; D011939:Mental Recall; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D013997:Time Factors; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000077149:Sevoflurane