title: Activation of the JAK-STAT pathway by reactive oxygen species.
abstract: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in the pathogenesis of many human diseases, including the acute respiratory distress syndrome, Parkinson's disease, pulmonary fibrosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In mammalian cells, several genes known to be induced during the immediate early response to growth factors, including the protooncogenes c-fos and c-myc, have also been shown to be induced by ROS. We show that members of the STAT family of transcription factors, including STAT1 and STAT3, are activated in fibroblasts and A-431 carcinoma cells in response to H2O2. This activation occurs within 5 min, can be inhibited by antioxidants, and does not require protein synthesis. STAT activation in these cell lines is oxidant specific and does not occur in response to superoxide- or nitric oxide-generating stimuli. Buthionine sulfoximine, which depletes intracellular glutathione, also activates the STAT pathway. Moreover, H2O2 stimulates the activity of the known STAT kinases JAK2 and TYK2. Activation of STATs by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is significantly inhibited by N-acetyl-L-cysteine and diphenylene iodonium, indicating that ROS production contributes to STAT activation in response to PDGF. These findings indicate that the JAK-STAT pathway responds to intracellular ROS and that PDGF uses ROS as a second messenger to regulate STAT activation.
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Tupper Research Institute, New England Medical Center, Boston 02111, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Rai
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Fanburg
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Cochran
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000502:physiology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D053614:Janus Kinase 2; D051379:Mice; D016877:Oxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000502:physiology*; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D053634:TYK2 Kinase; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000502:physiology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D016877:Oxidants; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D011506:Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494080:Stat1 protein, mouse; C494087:Stat3 protein, mouse; D015534:Trans-Activators; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C507924:JAK2 protein, human; C507926:Jak2 protein, mouse; D053614:Janus Kinase 2; D053634:TYK2 Kinase; C499356:Tyk2 protein, mouse; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases