title: The effect of cholesterol reduction with fluvastatin on aortic compliance, coronary calcification and carotid intimal-medial thickness: a pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Regression of atheroma with reduction of cholesterol levels is recognized to occur, but less is known about reversal of sclerosis. Non-invasive indices of sclerosis have largely been based on carotid ultrasound measurements.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To measure aortic compliance, coronary calcification and carotid intimal-medial thickness during reduction of cholesterol level in patients with and without coronary artery disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 64 hypercholesterolaemic patients, 24 with and 40 without coronary artery disease. All were administered fluvastatin for 1 year. Aortic compliance was assessed using magnetic resonance and coronary calcification score was determined by electron beam computed tomography. Carotid intimal-medial thickness in 34 patients was measured by carotid ultrasound means.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a rise in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level and falls in total cholesterol level, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, low: high-density lipoprotein ratio, triglyceride level and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level. Coronary artery disease patients had a higher coronary calcification score (442 +/- 551) than did other patients (269 +/- 724, P = 0.0002). For both groups there was a small rise in coronary calcification score during the study. Mean aortic compliance rose and blood pressure and carotid intimal-medial thickness fell. Analysis revealed significant correlations between change in mean aortic compliance and changes in high-density lipoprotein level (r = 0.3, P = 0.036), very-low-density lipoprotein level (r = -0.31, P = 0.038) and low: high-density lipoprotein ratio (r = -0.35, P = 0.014). There was no significant difference in these changes between the two patient groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An improvement in aortic compliance over 1 year indicates that increase in high-density lipoprotein level, decrease in very-low-density lipoprotein level and improvement in low: high-density lipoprotein ratio caused by administration of fluvastatin beneficially influenced vascular pathophysiology in hypercholesterolaemic patients with and without coronary artery disease. In those patients studied with carotid ultrasound means, carotid intimal-medial thickness decreased from 1.09 to 0.87 mm (P = 0.004), corroborating these results.
authors.affiliation: Magnetic Resonance Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Forbat
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Naoumova
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Sidhu
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Neuwirth
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: MacMahon
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Underwood
mesh_terms: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003187:Compliance / Q000187:drug effects; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D000077340:Fluvastatin; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D007211:Indoles; D000077340:Fluvastatin