title: Rapid emergence of high-level resistance to quinolones in Campylobacter jejuni associated with mutational changes in gyrA and parC.
abstract: Quinolone resistance in clinical isolates of Campylobacter jejuni in Sweden increased more than 20-fold at the beginning of the 1990s. Resistance to 125 microgram of ciprofloxacin per ml in clinical isolates was associated with chromosomal mutations in C. jejuni leading to a Thr-86-Ile substitution in the gyrA product and a Arg-139-Gln substitution in the parC product.
authors.affiliation: Division of Microbiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gibreel
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sjögren
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kaijser
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wretlind
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sköld
mesh_terms: D042462:4-Quinolones; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D016123:Campylobacter jejuni / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D027081:DNA Gyrase; D027101:DNA Topoisomerase IV; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013548:Sweden
chemical_list: D042462:4-Quinolones; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D027101:DNA Topoisomerase IV; D027081:DNA Gyrase; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II