title: Effect of pH on element release from dental casting alloys.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dental casting alloys are subjected to transient acidity in the oral environment, yet most studies have not investigated the effects of these transient environments on elemental release from alloys. Elemental release is important because it plays a significant role in alloy biocompatibility.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  It was hypothesized that acidic environments would increase elemental release from dental alloys during exposure and after the acidic environment was removed. This hypothesis was based on the known increase in release of nickel from nickel-based alloys in an acidic environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  High-noble, noble, and base metal casting alloys were exposed for 30 minutes to solutions with pH ranging from 1 to 7. Elemental release of representative elements was measured by means of atomic absorption spectrometry during the exposure and in the week after the exposure. This release was compared with elemental release in the week before the exposure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High-noble and noble alloys were resistant to acidic environments. A pH of 4 did not increase elemental release during or after exposure. A pH 1 environment slightly elevated release of Ag, Cu, and Pd in some alloys. However, a Ni-based alloy released large amounts of Ni during the acidic exposure of pH 1 or 4, and more importantly, in the week after the exposure as well. Increased time of exposure to acid did not alter elemental release from noble or high-noble alloys, but markedly increased release from the Ni-based alloy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transient exposure of casting alloys to an acidic oral environment is likely to significantly increase elemental release from Ni-based alloys, but not from high-noble or noble alloys.
authors.affiliation: Medical College of Georgia, School of Dentistry, Augusta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wataha
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Lockwood
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Khajotia
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Turner
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys