title: Serotonin and panic.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tricyclic (TCA) and monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) antidepressants are effective in the treatment of panic disorder. Two selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have also been licensed in the UK for this indication and studies with three other SSRIs have recently been completed. These provide further evidence for the role of serotonin in panic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review of clinical, animal and laboratory studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SSRIs have been shown to be effective in the treatment of panic disorder. The reported rates of improvement of 60-70% of patients taking SSRIs are similar to those seen with TCAs and greater than placebo. Other serotonergic agents do not appear to be effective. Animal work and human studies including measures of 5-HT in plasma, cerebrospinal fluid and platelets, challenge paradigms and tryptophan depletion show that the relationship between 5-HT and anxiety is complex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical trials have shown that of all the serotonergic agents only the SSRIs are effective in panic disorder. They are as beneficial as the TCAs and seem to be better tolerated which may be particularly significant in view of the chronic nature of the condition. Serotonin plays a role in panic disorder and serotonergic dysfunction, however the results and evidence do not fit one theory alone. It is also likely that different brain regions and 5-HT receptors are involved in specific ways.
authors.affiliation: Psychopharmacology Unit, University of Bristol.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Nutt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D012701:Serotonin / Q000172:deficiency / Q000502:physiology*; D017366:Serotonin Receptor Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D012701:Serotonin; D017366:Serotonin Receptor Agonists; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors