title: ED2-positive perivascular phagocytes produce interleukin-1beta during delayed neuronal loss in the facial nucleus of the rat.
abstract: Injection of Fluoro-Gold (FG) into the whisker pad of rats yields stable retrograde labeling of facial motoneurons. Subsequent removal of 10 mm from all facial nerve branches permanently deprives the FG-labeled motoneurons from their targets and the motoneurons gradually die. Neuronal debris is phagocytized by two types of neuronophages: parenchymal microglia (monoclonal antibody [MAb] OX42-positive, MAb ED2-negative) and perivascular phagocytes (OX42-negative, ED2-positive). Because both types of neuronophages express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II glycoproteins (MAb OX6-positive), they are considered to be the potential antigen-presenting cells of the brain. To check this hypothesis, we tested whether both types of neuronophages also synthetize the co-stimulatory cytokine interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) immunocytochemically visualized by MAbs SILK-5/6. Employing combined fluorescent visualization of antigens (OX6, ED2, and SILK-5/6) in sections containing fluorescent (FG-prelabeled) neuronophages, we found that, during slowly occurring neuronal loss, the vast majority of IL-1beta immunoreactive neuronophages were of perivascular (ED2-positive) origin. We concluded that, during delayed neuronal death "behind" an intact blood-brain barrier, the perivascular phagocytes were more likely to function as antigen-presenting cells than the parenchymal microglia.
authors.affiliation: Institut I für Anatomie, Universität zu Köln, Germany. angelov.anatomie@uni-koeln.de
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Angelov
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Walther
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Streppel
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Guntinas-Lichius
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: van Dam
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stennert
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Neiss
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier; D005154:Facial Nerve / Q000276:immunology*; D020220:Facial Nerve Injuries; D005260:Female; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000378:metabolism*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009836:Oligodendroglia / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010587:Phagocytosis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; D007375:Interleukin-1