title: Traditional and evidence-based acupuncture: history, mechanisms, and present status.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In 1983, the Southern Medical Journal advised its readers that a scientific basis might underlie the popular practice of ancient Chinese acupuncture. Recent studies have proven this to be correct, and a 1997 National Institutes of Health consensus panel recommended acupuncture as a useful clinical procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pertinent articles in the literature were reviewed, including our own research. Significantly, we had access to recent important studies from China.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most of the 10,000 acupuncturists in the country today practice metaphysically explained "meridian theory" acupuncture using needles to supposedly remove blockages of a hypothesized substance "Qi." Scientific research has shown that healing is not by manipulating Qi but rather by neuroelectric stimulation for the gene expression of neuropeptides. Needles are not necessary. Evidence-based neuroelectric acupuncture requires no metaphysical rituals. It is a simple, useful clinical tool for pain modulation and other conditions and can be easily taught to physicians.
authors.affiliation: University of Missouri, Columbia, USA.
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Ulett
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D015670:Acupuncture Therapy / Q000266:history / Q000379:methods; D015975:Consensus Development Conferences, NIH as Topic; D015671:Electroacupuncture; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049690:History, Ancient; D006801:Humans; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional / Q000266:history; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000235:genetics; D059408:Pain Management; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D009479:Neuropeptides