title: The emotional counting Stroop paradigm: a functional magnetic resonance imaging probe of the anterior cingulate affective division.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The emotional counting Stroop (ecStroop) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activation paradigm was designed to recruit the anterior cingulate affective division (ACad).
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine normal, healthy male and female subjects (mean age 24.2 years) reported via button press the number of neutral and negative words that appeared on a screen while reaction time and fMRI data were acquired.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed a) greater ACad activation for negative versus neutral words during initial presentation blocks; b) lower overall ACad signal intensity during task performance (i.e., both negative and neutral words) compared to the baseline fixation condition; and c) no reaction time increase to negative versus neutral words.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a companion study of a cognitive version of the counting Stroop (Bush et al 1998), these same 9 subjects a) activated the more dorsal anterior cingulate cognitive division; b) also showed the overall decrease in ACad signal intensity; and c) demonstrated a reliable reaction time effect. Taken together, these data offer a within-group spatial dissociation of AC function based upon information content (i.e., cognitive vs. emotional) and/or presence of behavioral interference. We propose that the ecStroop will be a useful fMRI probe of ACad function in anxiety disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Whalen
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bush
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: McNally
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wilhelm
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: McInerney
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Jenike
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Rauch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D011581:Psychological Tests; D011930:Reaction Time; D012016:Reference Values