title: The risk of cystocele after sacrospinous ligament fixation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine whether sacrospinous ligament fixation independently increases the risk of anterior vaginal wall defect.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients undergoing pelvic reconstructive surgical operations by a single surgeon from 1970 through 1997. Two groups were examined and divided into subgroups to evaluate the effects of exposure to sacrospinous ligament fixation: patients with anterior wall defects undergoing standard anterior colporrhaphy with (group 1A) or without (group 1B) concomitant sacrospinous ligament fixation, and patients without anterior wall defects undergoing other pelvic reconstructive procedures (but not anterior colporrhaphy) with (group 2A) or without (group 2B) sacrospinous ligament fixation. Recurrence rates were calculated for each group according to evidence of any degree of anatomic defect.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 322 patients in group 1, 9 of 77 in group 1A and 23 of 245 in group 1B (11.7% vs 9.4%, P >.05) had anterior wall recurrences. Among 73 patients in group 2, 8 of 45 in group 2A and 5 of 28 in group 2B (17.8% vs 17.9%, P >.05) had subsequent anterior wall defects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The occurrence of anterior vaginal wall defects was not found to be altered by the performance of sacrospinous ligament fixation. These findings may be attributable to surgical technique emphasizing maintenance of anterior vaginal wall length during sacrospinous ligament fixation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urogynecology/Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University Medical Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA.
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Smilen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Saini
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Wallach
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Porges
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D059685:Herniorrhaphy; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy; D008022:Ligaments / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D020047:Rectocele / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D014596:Uterine Prolapse / Q000601:surgery*; D014621:Vagina / Q000601:surgery