title: Subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery: new life for an old procedure?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Division of incompetent perforating veins has long been regarded as an appropriate approach for treatment of venous stasis ulcers. The development of endoscopic techniques using standard laparoscopic instrumentation has permitted the application of this therapy without the need for long open incisions, fraught with complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report our experience with 20 cases of subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery (SEPS) in 19 patients. Seventeen limbs had active ulceration at the time of operation. A gas insufflation technique with two 10 mm ports was used in most cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An average of four perforating veins were divided in each case. Mean operating time was 1.5 hours. At a mean follow-up of eight months, initial complete healing occurred in 14 of 17 ulcers, three ulcers improved, and three healed ulcers at the time of SEPS have remained healed. One patient developed a small area of recurrent ulceration after initial healing. There were no thromboembolic complications. One procedure was technically unsuccessful because of morbid obesity. One patient developed a wound infection, and one patient required re-exploration for a subfascial hematoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SEPS is a safe, minimally invasive procedure which should become an important part of the surgical armamentarium in treating patients with venous ulcers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kulbaski
authors.forename: F F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Eaves
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Ofenloch
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Lumsden
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019723:Endoscopes; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D000071938:Fasciotomy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010690:Phlebography; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014647:Varicose Ulcer / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology