title: Effects of methyltestosterone on insulin secretion and sensitivity in women.
abstract: The frequent coexistence of hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance is well established; however, whether a cause and effect relationship exists remains to be established. In this study we tested the hypothesis that short-term androgen administered to women would induce insulin resistance. To test this hypothesis, regularly menstruating, nonobese women were studied before and during methyltestosterone administration (5 mg tid for 10-12 days) by the hyperglycemic (n=8) and euglycemic, hyperinsulinemic (n=7) clamp techniques. Short-term methyltestosterone administration had no significant effects on the fasting levels of glucose, insulin, c-peptide, glucagon, or glucose turnover. During the hyperglycemic clamp studies, the mean glucose level during the final hour was 203+/-2 and 201+/-1 mg/dL in the methyltestosterone and control studies, respectively. The insulin response to this hyperglycemic challenge was slightly but not significantly greater during methyltestosterone treatment (first phase 59+/-8 vs. 50+/-8 microU/mL in controls; second phase 74+/-9 vs. 67+/-9 microU/mL in controls; total insulin response 133+/-16 vs. 117+/-15 microU/mL in controls). In spite of this, glucose uptake was reduced from the control study value of 10.96+/-1.11 to 7.3+/-0.70 mg/kg/min by methyltestosterone (P < 0.05). The ratio of glucose uptake per unit of insulin was also significantly reduced from a control study value of 14.3+/-1.4 to 9.4+/-1.3 mg/kg/min per microU/mL x 100 during methyltestosterone administration. In the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp studies, insulin was infused at rates of 0.25 and 1.0 mU/kg/min to achieve insulin levels of approximately 25 and 68 microU/mL, respectively. During low-dose insulin infusion, rates of endogenous hepatic glucose production were equivalently suppressed from basal values of 2.37+/-0.29 and 2.40+/-0.27 mg/kg/min to 0.88+/-0.25 and 0.77+/-0.26 mg/kg/min in the methyltestesterone and control studies respectively. Whole body glucose uptake during low-dose insulin infusion was minimally affected. During the high-dose insulin infusion, endogenous hepatic glucose production was nearly totally suppressed in both groups. However, whole body glucose uptake was reduced from the control value of 6.11+/-0.49 mg/kg/min to 4.93+/-0.44 mg/kg/min during methyltestosterone administration (P < 0.05). Our data demonstrate that androgen excess leads to the development of insulin resistance during both hyperglycemic and euglycemic hyperinsulinemia. These findings provide direct evidence for a relationship between hyperandrogenemia and insulin resistance, and its associated risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hutzel Hospital/Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Diamond
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grainger
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Diamond
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Sherwin
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Defronzo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008777:Methyltestosterone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045165:Testosterone Congeners / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D045165:Testosterone Congeners; D005947:Glucose; D008777:Methyltestosterone