title: Gender comparisons of the mechanomyographic responses to maximal concentric and eccentric isokinetic muscle actions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a gender difference in the velocity-related patterns of mechanomyographic (MMG) responses to maximal isokinetic concentric (CON) and eccentric (ECC) muscle actions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult males (N = 15) and females (N = 16) performed maximal CON and ECC muscle actions of the leg extensors on a calibrated Cybex 6000 dynamometer at velocities of 30, 90, and 150 degrees.s-1. MMG was detected by a piezoelectric crystal contact sensor placed over the vastus lateralis muscle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results indicated that there were decreases in CON peak torque (PT) across velocities, while ECC PT remained constant with increasing velocity for both genders. MMG amplitude increased significantly (P < 0.05) with velocity in both the males and females for CON and ECC muscle actions. There was a gender difference in the velocity-related patterns of MMG responses to maximal isokinetic CON muscle actions; however, there was no gender difference in the pattern of ECC MMG responses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The gender difference in CON MMG responses may be attributed to the greater percent decline in CON PT across velocity for the females than the males. In addition, the males displayed greater CON and ECC MMG amplitudes at all muscle action velocities than the females, possibly because of gender differences in muscle mass and/or thickness of the adipose tissue layer.
authors.affiliation: Center for Youth Fitness and Sports Research, School of Health and Human Performance, University of Nebraska-Lincoln 68588-0229, USA. Tammy.Evetovich@usm.edu
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Evetovich
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Housh
authors.forename: G O
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Ebersole
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Perry
mesh_terms: D000054:Acceleration; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001823:Body Composition; D002138:Calibration; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D009213:Myography / Q000379:methods; D012737:Sex Factors; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D019415:Torque