title: Systemic biosynthesis of prostacyclin by cyclooxygenase (COX)-2: the human pharmacology of a selective inhibitor of COX-2.
abstract: Prostaglandins (PG) are synthesized by two isoforms of the enzyme PG G/H synthase [cyclooxygenase (COX)]. To examine selectivity of tolerated doses of an inhibitor of the inducible COX-2 in humans, we examined the effects of celecoxib on indices of COX-1-dependent platelet thromboxane (Tx) A2 and on systemic biosynthesis of prostacyclin in vivo. Volunteers received doses of 100, 400, or 800 mg of celecoxib or 800 mg of a nonselective inhibitor, ibuprofen. Ibuprofen, but not celecoxib, significantly inhibited TxA2-dependent aggregation, induced ex vivo by arachidonic acid (83 +/- 11% vs. 11. 9 +/- 2.2%; P < 0.005) and by collagen. Neither agent altered aggregation induced by thromboxane mimetic, U46619. Ibuprofen reduced serum TxB2 (-95 +/- 2% vs. -6.9 +/- 4.2%; P < 0.001) and urinary excretion of the major Tx metabolite, 11-dehydro TxB2 (-70 +/- 9.9% vs. -20.3 +/- 5.3%; P < 0.05) when compared with placebo. Despite a failure to suppress TxA2-dependant platelet aggregation, celecoxib had a modest but significant inhibitory effect on serum TxB2 4 hr after dosing. By contrast, both ibuprofen and celecoxib suppressed a biochemical index of COX-2 activity (endotoxin induced PGE2 in whole blood ex vivo) to a comparable degree (-93.3 +/- 2% vs. -83 +/- 6.1%). There was no significant difference between the doses of celecoxib on COX-2 inhibition. Celecoxib and ibuprofen suppressed urinary excretion of the prostacyclin metabolite 2,3 dinor 6-keto PGF1alpha. These data suggest that (i) platelet COX-1-dependent aggregation is not inhibited by up to 800 mg of celecoxib; (ii) comparable COX-2 inhibition is attained by celecoxib (100-800 mg) and ibuprofen (800 mg) after acute dosing; and (iii) COX-2 is a major source of systemic prostacyclin biosynthesis in healthy humans.
authors.affiliation: EUPENN Group of Investigators, Center For Experimental Therapeutics, University Of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: B F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: McAdam
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Catella-Lawson
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Mardini
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kapoor
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lawson
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: FitzGerald
mesh_terms: D015121:6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000652:urine; D000328:Adult; D000068579:Celecoxib; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D011464:Epoprostenol / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000201:enzymology; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011720:Pyrazoles; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013929:Thromboxane B2 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D011720:Pyrazoles; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013929:Thromboxane B2; D015121:6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; C028290:2,3-dinor-6-ketoprostaglandin F1alpha; C049235:11-dehydro-thromboxane B2; D011464:Epoprostenol; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496511:PTGS1 protein, human; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D000068579:Celecoxib; D015232:Dinoprostone; D007052:Ibuprofen