title: Lymphedema management training for physical therapy students in the United States.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study was to determine to what extent accredited physical therapy programs in the United States were presenting the principles of lymphedema management and whether regional differences existed.
  
  
  METHODS
  States were grouped into four geographic regions: Northeast, South, Midwest, and West. From mid-June to mid-July, 1997, 63 of 148 (42.6%) accredited physical therapy (PT) programs in the United States completed and returned the questionnaires. Participants received a cover letter, consent form, and lymphedema survey by e-mail, facsimile, or regular post. The lymphedema survey covered a wide variety of issues relating to five areas: 1) general and 2) specific anatomy and physiology of the lymphatic system, 3) pathogenesis of lymphedema, 4) traditional (compression pumps/garments), and 5) innovative (European/Australian) treatment techniques for lymphedema. "Yes" responses indicated that specific information was included in the curriculum. Frequency of yes responses for each of the five areas were counted and converted into percentages. Regional responses were compared with the total combined responses with a modified binomial technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PT programs in the United States were providing 89% of our designated content in the general anatomy and physiology of the lymphatic system, 73% in the pathogenesis of lymphedema, 65% in traditional treatment techniques, 48% in innovative treatment techniques, and 42% in the specific anatomy and physiology of the lymphatic system. No individual region differed significantly (P > 0.05) from the combined results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The participating PT programs appeared to be providing instruction in general anatomy and physiology of the lymphatic system, pathogenesis of lymphedema, and traditional treatment techniques. However, far less instruction on the specific anatomy and physiology of the lymphatic system and innovative treatment techniques is offered. We believe that PT students would benefit with more curricular content in these latter two categories in order to acquire the knowledge and skills to combat the devastating effects of lymphedema.
authors.affiliation: Physical Therapy Section, Rehabilitation Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Augustine
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Corn
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Danoff
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D003479:Curriculum; D019468:Disease Management; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008209:Lymphedema / Q000209:etiology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D020380:Needs Assessment; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities / Q000193:education*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States