title: Diagnosis and management of rhinitis: complete guidelines of the Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters in Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology.
abstract: This document contains complete guidelines for diagnosis and management of rhinitis developed by the Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters in Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, representing the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology and the Joint Council on Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. The guidelines are comprehensive and begin with statements on clinical characteristics and diagnosis of different forms of rhinitis (allergic, non-allergic, occupational rhinitis, hormonal rhinitis [pregnancy and hypothyroidism], drug-induced rhinitis, rhinitis from food ingestion), and other conditions that may be confused with rhinitis. Recommendations on patient evaluation discuss appropriate use of history, physical examination, and diagnostic testing, as well as unproven or inappropriate techniques that should not be used. Parameters on management include use of environmental control measures, pharmacologic therapy including recently introduced therapies and allergen immunotherapy. Because of the risks to patients and society from sedation and performance impairment caused by first generation antihistamines, second generation antihistamines that reduce or eliminate these side effects should usually be considered before first generation antihistamines for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. The document emphasizes the importance of rhinitis management for comorbid conditions (asthma, sinusitis, otitis media). Guidelines are also presented on special considerations in patients subsets (children, the elderly, pregnancy, athletes and patients with rhinitis medicamentosa); and when consultation with an allergist-immunologist should be considered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Dykewicz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fineman
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Skoner
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nicklas
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blessing-Moore
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: I L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Bernstein
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Spector
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schuller
mesh_terms: D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000175:diagnosis; D011247:Pregnancy; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*