title: Cystoid macular edema following combined phacoemulsification and vitrectomy for macular hole.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the incidence of cystoid macular edema (CME) in patients undergoing either combined or consecutive pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and phacoemulsification (PE) for the treatment of macular hole and cataract.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of a consecutive surgical series of 22 patients with idiopathic macular holes. Seven patients underwent combined PPV with air-fluid-C3F8 gas exchange and PE with intraocular lens insertion; 15 patients underwent PE subsequent to PPV.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Visual acuity improved by 2 or more lines in 3/7 patients in the combined group and in 15/15 in the consecutive group. Of seven patients in the combined group, two required a second PPV for treatment of the macular hole and one declined further treatment. Of importance, 3/7 in the combined group and 1/15 in the consecutive group developed clinical and angiographic CME, all treated successfully with sub-Tenon's triamcinolone injections.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both combined PPV/PE and consecutive PPV/PE offer excellent potential therapeutic benefits for the treatment of idiopathic macular holes. The incidence and pathogenesis of CME must be further investigated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Sheidow
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Gonder
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002386:Cataract / Q000150:complications; D003228:Conjunctiva; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018918:Phacoemulsification / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012167:Retinal Perforations / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014221:Triamcinolone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014821:Vitrectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D014221:Triamcinolone