title: Pretreatment and midtreatment measurement of oxygen tension levels in head and neck cancers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Considerable evidence exists to suggest that tumor hypoxia results in radioresistance. Historically, it has been difficult to assess tumor oxygen tension levels reliably. These levels can now be assessed in head and neck malignancies using the Eppendorf pO2 histograph, which uses a fine-needle electrode and a computerized micromanipulator. This technology was used to compare the pretreatment tumor oxygen tension level in lymph node metastases of patients with head and neck cancer to measurements taken during nonsurgical treatment after a partial response had been achieved.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Oxygen tension levels were measured in the cervical lymph nodes of 10 patients with biopsy-proven head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and cervical metastases who were being treated with nonsurgical management. These levels were obtained using the Eppendorf pO2 histograph system. Measurements were taken before the start of treatment and were repeated when the size of the cervical metastatic node had decreased by 50%. Normal subcutaneous tissue was measured during the same session. The mean and median pO2 levels, as well as the percentage of measurements with pO2 less than 5 mm Hg were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A mean of 72.6 measurements per session was taken from each lymph node. The median tumor pO2 measurement fell from a mean (+/-SD) of 13.9+/-8.0 mm Hg to 7.3+/-9.9 mm Hg. Even more dramatic, however, was the substantial increase in the percentage of values less than 5 mm Hg, a rise from 29% to 52%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While there is variability both in the pretreatment oxygenation of head and neck cervical metastases and in the change in tumor oxygen tension during treatment, there appears to be a decrease in the overall oxygenation of the tumors. The dramatic increase in very low oxygen measurements may reflect selective survival of radioresistant or chemoresistant hypoxic tumor cells. Cells at the very low level would be expected to be radiobiologically hypoxic (resistant to radiation-induced cell kill).
authors.affiliation: Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, California 94305-5328, USA.
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Gabalski
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adam
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Bloch
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Terris
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009333:Neck; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D010100:Oxygen