title: Increased oxidative stress in renal proximal tubules of the spontaneously hypertensive rat: a mechanism for defective dopamine D1A receptor/G-protein coupling.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Defective dopamine D1A dopamine receptor/G-protein coupling has been demonstrated in renal proximal tubules of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). In the present study, we aimed to analyze the underlying mechanisms through which such defects are introduced into the D1A receptor protein of SHR.
  
  
  METHODS
  The oxidative state of SHR proximal tubules was analyzed by measuring lipid peroxidation. D1A receptor/G-protein coupling was measured following the induction of oxidative stress in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the first time, an increased state of oxidative stress was demonstrated in SHR proximal tubules compared with those of normotensive controls, WKY and Sprague-Dawley rats. Lipid peroxidation levels in SHR were significantly higher by 66 and 79%, relative to WKY or Sprague-Dawley rats, respectively. Hydrogen peroxide treatment of proximal tubules from SHR, WKY and Sprague-Dawley rats induced an additional increase in lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner, although the percentage induction was lower in SHR than in WKY and Sprague-Dawley rats. This induction of lipid peroxidation in WKY rats resulted in a loss of D1A/G-protein coupling, with no decrease in receptor protein. Treatment of WKY rat proximal tubules with an antioxidant, ascorbic acid, or a reducing agent, dithiothreitol, induced D1A receptor/G-protein coupling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that D1A receptor/G-protein coupling is modulated by changes in redox states. Therefore, the D1A receptor/G-protein coupling in SHR may have been damaged by reactive oxygen species released as a result of the elevated oxidative stress seen in the proximal tubules.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sidhu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001667:Binding, Competitive / Q000187:drug effects; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000378:metabolism*; D007687:Kidney Tubules, Proximal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D016877:Oxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1 / Q000378:metabolism; D019163:Reducing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016877:Oxidants; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1; D019163:Reducing Agents; C098593:dopamine D1A receptor; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins