title: A parallel association between differentiation and induction of galectin-1, and inhibition of galectin-3 by retinoic acid in mouse embryonal carcinoma F9 cells.
abstract: Soluble endogenous lactoside-binding lectins, galectins, have been implicated in cell adhesion, growth, differentiation, neoplastic transformation, and metastasis. Two major classes of these lectins, galectin-1 and galectin-3, are developmentally regulated. To explore the mechanisms by which the expression of the galectins is regulated and to examine their association with the differentiation processes induced by all-trans retinoic acid (RA), dibutyryl cyclic AMP (Bt2cAMP) and their combination, we used the murine embryonal carcinoma (EC) cell line F9 and its RA-resistant mutant, RA-3-10. RA induced endodermal differentiation and a concurrent induction of galectin-1 and its complementary glycoconjugates (laminin and lysosomal-associated membrane protein, LAMP) in the F9 wild-type (wt) line, but failed to induce differentiation and had no effects on or even reduced the expression of galectin-1, laminin, and LAMP in the RA-3-10 line. On the other hand, RA inhibited expression of galectin-3 in the wild-type line but had no effect on the RA-3-10 line. The galectin-1 gene is at least partially regulated at the transcriptional level. These results demonstrate a parallel association between differentiation and induction of galectin-1, and inhibition of galectin-3 in F9 cells by RA. The study suggests that a regulated expression of galectins and their complementary glycoconjugates is involved in the differentiation pathway induced by RA in F9 cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Tennessee-Memphis, 38163, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Amos
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cruise
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lotan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lotan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D003994:Bucladesine / Q000494:pharmacology; D018236:Carcinoma, Embryonal / Q000473:pathology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D037483:Galectin 1; D037502:Galectin 3; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006001:Glycoconjugates / Q000378:metabolism; D006388:Hemagglutinins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000235:genetics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D037483:Galectin 1; D037502:Galectin 3; D006001:Glycoconjugates; D006388:Hemagglutinins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014212:Tretinoin; D003994:Bucladesine; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator