title: ILAE-defined epilepsy syndromes in children: correlation with quantitative MRI.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The role of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in evaluation of childhood epilepsy remains poorly defined, with minimal published data. Previous work from our center questioned the specificity of hippocampal asymmetry (HA) in an outpatient group whose epilepsy was defined by using clinical and interictal data only. By using childhood volunteer controls and defining epilepsy syndromes using video-EEG monitoring, we readdressed the utility of HA in differentiating mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) from other partial and generalized epileptic syndromes in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy children were enrolled; entry criteria were age younger than 18 years with predominant seizure type recorded on video-EEG telemetry with volumetric MRI in all cases. Thirty healthy child volunteers had volumetric MRI. Epilepsy syndrome classification was according to ILAE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Control data revealed symmetric hippocampi, mean smaller/larger ratio of 0.96 (0.95-0.97, 95% CI) with no gender or right/left predominance. Overall 23% of patients had significant HA. Mean hippocampal ratio for MTLE was 0.78 (95% CI, 0.70-0.86), significantly lower than controls and from all other epilepsy syndromes. HA was highly specific (85%) to the syndrome of MTLE. Other potential epileptogenic lesions were found in 27 (39%) patients, lowest yield in frontal and mesial temporal syndromes. Dual pathology was present in 10% of patients. There was no significant association between HA and risk factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, we found that HA in children with a well-defined epilepsy syndrome is highly sensitive and specific for MTLE. Whether this will correlate with surgical outcome, as in adults, is the subject of ongoing study.
authors.affiliation: Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lawson
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Bleasel
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vogrin
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bye
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D012307:Risk Factors; D009626:Terminology as Topic