title: [Pathophysiology and clinical aspects of ischemia-reperfusion damage to skeletal muscles].
abstract: Ischemia/reperfusion-injury of skeletal muscle--pathophysiology and clinical implications. Ischemia and reperfusion of skeletal muscle occurs in acute vascular occlusion and revascularisation, in elective vascular surgery, in orthopedic surgery by means of a tourniquet, and in transplantation of muscle-containing cutaneous flaps. The ischemia sets up a cascade of events, which fully develops not prior to the moment of reperfusion. The ischemia-reperfusion-cascade is comparable to an overwhelming inflammatory reaction out of control. Depending on the duration of ischemia it prompts an injury for the muscle itself, and in some cases for the whole body. The present review discusses the main mechanisms of ischemia/reperfusion-injury in terms of cellular metabolism, endothelial function, cytokine release, and leucocyte function. Release of toxic oxygen radicals by activated leucocytes plays the pivotal role in this reaction. In addition, the clinical manifestations of ischemia/reperfusion will be reviewed as well as some of the means proposed to control this harmful reaction.
authors.affiliation: Arbeitsbereich Angiologie, Medizinische Klinik III, Universität Dresden.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Schellong
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ockert
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000502:physiology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005609:Free Radicals; D006801:Humans; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D016207:Cytokines; D005609:Free Radicals; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
vernacular_title: Pathophysiologie und Klinik des Ischämie-Reperfusions-Schadens an der Skelettmuskulatur.