title: Primary and reoperative parathyroid operations in hyperparathyroidism of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Operation and reoperation for hyperparathyroidism in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1) is controversial regarding surgical strategy, preoperative localization, and biochemical indexes of recurrence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty patients with MEN 1 with hyperparathyroidism were followed up 2 to 27 years after subtotal (SPX; n = 35) or total parathyroidectomy with forearm autografiing (TPX; n = 15), including 24 who underwent 28 reoperations because of persistent or recurrent hyperparathyroidism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Persistent or recurrent hyperparathyroidism was seen in 66% and 20% of patients after SPX involving extirpation of at least 3 glands and TPX, respectively, and 100% after single-gland excision as a primary procedure. After reoperation, hypercalcemia was reversed in 33% of patients by SPX and 61% by intended TPX procedures. All patients received vitamin D substitution after TPX, but restricted thyroid function allowed withdrawal in all but 10 patients (36%). Intact serum parathyroid hormone levels in nongrafted and grafted arms rose with time, but only exceptional ratios localized graft recurrence. Localization of recurrent hyperparathyroidism was achieved with 11C-labeled methionine positron emission tomography.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MEN 1 hyperparathyroidism has a high risk of recurrence, and operation may include primarily SPX of at least 3 glands or TPX, although the latter includes a higher risk of long-term hypoparathyroidism. Reoperation should involve TPX with recognition of the enhanced recurrence rate in individuals with postoperative hyperparathyroidism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hellman
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Skogseid
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oberg
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Juhlin
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Akerström
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rastad
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006961:Hyperparathyroidism / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018761:Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D012086:Reoperation; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002118:Calcium