title: Activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, protein kinase B, and p70 S6 kinases in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells: differential effects of rapamycin, Ly294002, and wortmannin on nitric oxide production.
abstract: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) and protein kinase B are critical players in cell proliferation and survival. Their downstream effector protein kinase, p70 S6 kinase, has an established role in protein translation. The mechanism by which bacterial LPS induces production of nitric oxide (NO) in murine macrophages is incompletely understood, and a role for PI 3-kinase/p70 S6 kinase pathway had not been previously investigated. In this study we demonstrate that LPS induced a fivefold activation of p70 S6 kinase and a twofold stimulation of PI 3-kinase. Pretreatment of Raw 264.7 cells with either rapamycin or Ly290042 completely blocked LPS-induced activation of p70 S6 kinase. Protein kinase B was also activated (twofold) by LPS and was only minimally affected by these inhibitors. PI 3-kinase activity was inhibited by both Ly294002 and wortmannin. The effects on NO production by these agents were strikingly different. While both rapamycin and Ly294002 resulted in almost complete inhibition of NO production, wortmannin was ineffective. Surprisingly, none of the inhibitors reduced the production of the inducible nitric oxide synthase protein (iNOS) as determined by immunoprecipitation. In vivo labeling studies revealed that the iNOS protein was phosphorylated in concordance with the production of NO. We conclude that LPS-mediated NO production occurs via a PI 3-kinase-independent, but FKBP12-rapamycin-associated protein-dependent, pathway in RAW cells by a mechanism probably involving phosphorylation of iNOS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Salh
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wagey
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marotta
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pelech
mesh_terms: D000730:Androstadienes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D002460:Cell Line; D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020104:Immunophilins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D051379:Mice; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000494:pharmacology*; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000077191:Wortmannin
chemical_list: D000730:Androstadienes; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D002867:Chromones; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D020104:Immunophilins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009025:Morpholines; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases; D020123:Sirolimus; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000077191:Wortmannin; C085911:2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; C546843:mTOR protein, mouse