title: Determination of endosulfan and its metabolites in human urine using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: A method was developed for determining the occupational exposure to endosulfan and its main metabolites (endosulfanether, -lactone and -sulfate) in human urine using dieldrin as an internal standard. Solid phase extraction (SPE) and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS-MS) have been used due to their high sensitivity and selectivity in avoiding most matrix interferences. The recovery efficiencies of the tested compounds yielded more than 89.2% at the fortification level of 10 ng ml(-1) in urine and their relative standard deviations were between 9.1 and 12.8%. The detection limit of each compound ranged between 6 and 18 pg ml(-1). Urine samples from nine pest control operators were analysed and total endosulfan concentrations between 94 and 2038 pg ml(-1) were found.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Almería, Spain.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Martínez Vidal
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Arrebola
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fernández-Gutiérrez
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rams
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D004726:Endosulfan / Q000652:urine*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D007306:Insecticides / Q000652:urine*; D012015:Reference Standards; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D007306:Insecticides; D004726:Endosulfan