title: Effects of lipids and lipoproteins on thrombosis and rheology.
abstract: Atherosclerotic plaque rupture and erosions precipitate thrombus formation and may lead to an acute ischemic syndrome. Lipids and lipoproteins modulate the expression and/or function of thrombotic, fibrinolytic and rheologic factors, and thereby influence hemostasis and potential tissue damage resulting from vascular injury. Triglyceride-enriched lipoproteins are accompanied by elevations in factor VII clotting activity, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) and viscosity of blood and plasma. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) promotes platelet activation and tissue factor expression and LDL levels correlate with levels of vitamin K dependent coagulation factors and fibrinogen. Conversely, LDL inhibits tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) which limits activation of the extrinsic coagulation pathway. High density lipoprotein (HDL) has anti-atherothrombotic properties that result from inhibition of platelet and erythrocyte aggregation, reduced blood viscosity and suppression of tissue factor activity and PAI-1 activity and antigen levels. The effects of lipids and lipoproteins on hemostasis and rheology may have important implications for the clinical sequelae following plaque disruption and erosion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. rrosenso@rush.edu
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Rosenson
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Lowe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000502:physiology; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005342:Fibrinolysis / Q000502:physiology; D018056:Hemorheology; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000502:physiology*; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors; D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins