title: High doses of thymosin alpha 1 enhance the anti-tumor efficacy of combination chemo-immunotherapy for murine B16 melanoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We have reported previously that combined chemo-immunotherapy with cyclophosphamide (CY), thymosin alpha 1 (T alpha 1) and low dose interferon alpha,beta (IFN alpha beta) has significant anti-tumour effects. Here, using mouse B16 melanoma as a model, we tested whether increasing the dose of T alpha 1 could increase the anti-tumour activity of triple combination chemo-immunotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  C57BL/6 mice were challenged subcutaneously with B16 melanoma cells and injected intraperitoneally with saline, CY (200 mg/kg, day 7), or CY with T alpha 1 (200, 600 or 6000 micrograms/kg/day, days 10-13) and IFN alpha beta (30,000 I.U., day 13).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chemo-immunotherapy with high dose (HD)-T alpha 1 caused complete tumour regression for 27.5 days after tumour cell injection (3.9 times longer than untreated controls) and delayed tumour relapse compared to all other groups. Moreover, it significantly increased the median survival time of treated mice, and cured an average of 23% of animals, while none was cured in any other group. Splenocytes from HD-T alpha 1-treated mice showed markedly increased cytotoxic activities against both YAC-l and autologous B16 tumour cells. HD-T alpha 1 treatment reversed the tumour-induced reduction in percentages of CD3 and CD4-positive splenocytes to non-tumour levels, and it increased percentages of CD8, B220 and IL-2R beta-positive cells to well beyond non-tumour controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High doses of T alpha 1 improve anti-tumour efficacy of tnple chemo-immunotherapy against B16 melanoma. These effects appear to be mediated by stimulation of the host immune response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy. pica@uniroma2.it
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pica
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fraschetti
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Matteucci
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tuthill
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rasi
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007167:Immunotherapy; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015979:Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D000077596:Thymalfasin; D013947:Thymosin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D013947:Thymosin; D016899:Interferon-beta; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D000077596:Thymalfasin