title: Power spectral analysis of the heart rate in hypertensive patients with and without left ventricular hypertrophy: the effect of a left ventricular mass reduction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the spectral analysis of the heart rate in normotensive subjects and in hypertensive patients with and without left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), under basal conditions and after a reduction in left ventricular mass.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 12 normotensive subjects and 22 hypertensive patients (14 with and eight without LVH), we performed 24 h electrocardiogram Holter monitoring, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and an echocardiographic study. Sequences of 512 R-R intervals, during daytime, afternoon and night-time periods, were taken for an evaluation of spectral analysis (Box-Jenkins method). We then calculated the absolute and percentage power spectral density of the peak centred at 0.10 Hz (low-frequency peak) and at 0.25 Hz (high-frequency peak).
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, a daytime to night-time decrease in the low-frequency peak was detected in normotensives (P < 0.01) and in hypertensives without LVH (P < 0.01), while no change was observed in hypertensives with LVH. The power spectral density low-frequency peak during the daytime and night-time was significantly greater in hypertensives with LVH than in those without LVH (P < 0.001) and in normotensive subjects (P < 0.001). Fourteen of these patients with LVH were given effective long-term antihypertensive treatment and were studied again 20 days after the treatment had been withdrawn, when blood pressure had increased to pretreatment values. In eight patients showing a reduction in LVH, we found a significant decrease in the power spectral density low-frequency peak and an increase in the high-frequency peak during daytime and night-time in respect to basal conditions, and circadian variations in the spectral indices of heart rate variability were restored. In contrast, in six patients without reversal of LVH, the power spectral density low-frequency peak did not change in respect to basal conditions and remained significantly higher in comparison with the patients with LVH regression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A reduction in LVH may be associated with restoration of daytime to night-time cardiac autonomic control, as evaluated by a power spectral analysis of the heart rate.
authors.affiliation: Cattedra di Semeiotica e Metodologia Medica, University of Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Muiesan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rizzoni
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zulli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Castellano
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bettoni
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Porteri
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Agabiti-Rosei
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004095:Dihydropyridines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D004095:Dihydropyridines; C038806:1,4-dihydropyridine