title: House-Brackmann and Yanagihara grading scores in relation to electroneurographic results in the time course of Bell's palsy.
abstract: The results of House Brackmann and Yanagihara grading were compared with electroneurographic (ENoG) data in 30 consecutive patients with Bell's palsy. The examinations were made on mean days 11, 36 and 99. Twenty-four patients had a favourable outcome (Yanagihara > or = 36 at three months). Based on our observations, 23 (96%) of these could have been predicted by ENoG, 18 (75%) by Yanagihara grading and 6 (25%) by House Brackmann grading. Initially, the relative House Brackmann scores showed a slightly milder palsy than the Yanagihara scores, but in the follow-up period the gradings were almost identical. The mild palsies, defined on the initial ENoG results, initially demonstrated relatively less nerve dysfunction on ENoG than the clinical grading; by the first follow-up, the ENoG and clinical grading had both returned to normal. The intermediate palsies had almost the same initial relative clinical and ENoG values, but at the first follow-up (mean day 36), the facial function had returned to normal despite abnormally reduced, but improved, ENoG values. In the severely affected patients, the follow-up studies showed an improved clinical function but ENoG values still demonstrated a high degree of degeneration (slightly improved at second follow-up). In this study, patients with a favourable outcome were best predicted with ENoG. Clinical identification of these patients was more accurate with Yanagihara than with House Brackmann. Furthermore, in all three groups a clinical improvement, due to the release of neurapraxia, was noted at the first follow-up. The slow ENoG improvement noted at follow-up was probably due to nerve regeneration by collateral sprouting. Based on the time course of our ENoG findings, it appears that patients with a high degree of degeneration at both the initial examination and first follow-up have a poorer prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset, Sweden. mats.engstrom@ent.uas.se
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Engström
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jonsson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grindlund
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stålberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004568:Electrodiagnosis / Q000379:methods*; D005154:Facial Nerve / Q000503:physiopathology; D005158:Facial Paralysis / Q000145:classification* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000145:classification / Q000503:physiopathology; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D009431:Neural Conduction / Q000502:physiology; D011379:Prognosis; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology