title: Abscess formation following spilled gallstones during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our purpose was to report the occurrence of abscess following spilled gallstones during laparoscopic cholecystectomy as experienced at Good Samaritan Hospital, and to compare it to the experience of other institutions in order to identify the incidence, characteristics and possible risk factors for the development of this complication.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four case reports of abscess following spilled gallstones during laparoscopic cholecystectomy are presented. The English literature was reviewed, and characteristics of the case reports found in the literature were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In four years at this institution, four reports of abscess formation following laparoscopic cholecystectomy have been identified. Two occurred in elderly females and were located in the right flank in both. Two were in middle-aged men, both diabetic. One abscess was in the right flank and one in the right pleural space. Twenty-three cases were found in the literature. The average age was 65 years; there were 12 men and 11 women. The locations of abscess formation were trocar sites (most common), right subphrenic space, right flank or retroperitoneum, and pelvis. The average time to presentation was 4-5 months (range 4 days-12 months).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Abscess formation following spilled gallstones during laparoscopic cholecystectomy occurs infrequently, but can be debilitating and require more than one procedure. The older population appears to be at greater risk. Future prospective studies of patients who undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy are needed to more accurately determine the incidence of this complication and to identify the population at risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Good Samaritan Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio 45220, USA.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Brueggemeyer
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Saba
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Thibodeaux
mesh_terms: D018784:Abdominal Abscess / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002764:Cholecystitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D004322:Drainage; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents