title: Transcriptional suppression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 gene expression in human astroglioma cells by TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma.
abstract: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases that function in the turnover of extracellular matrix components during development. In addition, MMPs also contribute to pathological conditions associated with inflammation, angiogenesis, and tumor invasion. A 72-kDa type IV collagenase, also referred to as gelatinase A or MMP-2, has been proposed to potentiate the invasion and metastasis of malignant tumors. In particular, MMP-2 activity has been shown to constitute an important component of human astroglioma invasion. We investigated the influence of various cytokines, both proinflammatory and immunosuppressive, on MMP-2 gene expression in two human astroglioma cell lines (U251-MG and CRT). Our results indicate that the cell lines constitutively express high levels of MMP-2 mRNA, protein, and bioactivity as assessed by ribonuclease protection assay, immunoblotting, and zymography assays, respectively. The proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma individually can inhibit constitutive MMP-2 expression, and function in an additive manner for near-complete inhibition of MMP-2 expression. Inhibition of MMP-2 mRNA levels by TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma is not due to destabilization of the MMP-2 message; rather, inhibition is mediated at the transcriptional level. Furthermore, TNF-alpha/IFN-gamma inhibition of MMP-2 expression results in decreased invasiveness of the human astroglioma cells through an extracellular matrix. These results raise the possibility that TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma may have beneficial effects in attenuating astroglioma invasive properties.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, University of Alabama, Birmingham 35294, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Moellinger
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Windsor
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: E N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Benveniste
mesh_terms: D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000473:pathology*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D017364:Collagenases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects; D005625:Frontal Lobe; D018093:Gelatinases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D017364:Collagenases; D018093:Gelatinases; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1