title: Characteristic EEG findings in ring 20 syndrome as a diagnostic clue.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the EEG features of ring 20 syndrome in two patients and determine the characteristic pattern of this syndrome. The features of our cases and 24 patients reported in the literature will be discussed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Report of two patients and review of literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two patients had intractable epilepsy since childhood. Their clinical seizures were mostly complex partial seizures. Often the patients seizures were of prolonged duration. Ictal EEG revealed characteristic slow waves, and sharp waves. The slow waves were (1) usually synchronous high-voltage slow waves with or without a spike component predominantly in the frontal and frontopolar areas, (2) sometimes showed a change in frequency every several seconds, (3) continued for a long period, and (4) easily spread diffusely. The sharp waves were 5-6 Hz irregular and diffuse discontinuous sharp waves, and sometimes appeared predominantly in the centroparietal area. The clinical seizure pattern and EEG findings were similar in the 24 published cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These EEG findings may be a characteristic feature of ring 20 syndrome and thus may be useful as a diagnostic clue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Neurology, National Center Hospital for Mental, Nervous and Muscular Disorders, NCNP, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inagaki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugai
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000235:genetics*; D002890:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D012303:Ring Chromosomes; D013226:Status Epilepticus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D013577:Syndrome