title: Complications and management of microwave coagulation therapy for primary and metastatic liver tumors.
abstract: Microwave coagulation therapy (MCT) has been widely used, both percutaneously and directly, as effective minimal invasive therapy for liver tumors. To facilitate the use of MCT, we describe the complications we have encountered, and their possible management and prophylaxis. MCT was performed for 42 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and for 29 with metastatic liver tumors, following which complications developed in 14.2% and 20.6% of the HCC and metastatic groups, respectively. The complications included abscess, biloma, bleeding, hepatic failure, and dissemination of cancer cells. In the HCC group, the mean value of tumor size and the clinical stage of patients with complications were significantly larger (P = 0.006) and higher (P = 0.032), respectively, than those of patients without complications. The incidence of complications increased significantly when the tumor size was more than 4cm (P = 0.008). Abscesses and bleeding were successfully treated using percutaneous drainage and interventional angiography, respectively, but as the other serious complications were not able to be treated effectively once induced, prophylaxis is important to facilitate MCT. Transcatheter cooling of the intrahepatic bile duct during MCT and the administration of an anticancer agent into the abdominal cavity are recommended to prevent biloma and dissemination, respectively. MCT is indicated for tumors less than 4 cm in diameter to reduce the risk of complications. The prophylaxis and treatment of these complications enhance the safety of MCT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery II, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirota
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Beppu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tashima
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Takai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogawa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004564:Electrocoagulation / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008872:Microwaves / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome