title: In vitro enamel effects of a resin-modified glass ionomer: fluoride uptake and resistance to demineralization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the in vitro effects of a resin-modified glass-ionomer restorative material on human enamel.
  
  
  METHODS
  Enamel specimens were restored with Photac-Fil, a resin-modified glass ionomer; Ketac-Fil, an autopolymerizing glass ionomer and silver amalgam. The samples were pH cycled and then subjected to an artificial caries challenge. Specimens were evaluated by fluoride microdrill biopsy and quantitative microradiography at 1, 2, and 3 mm from restorations. Data on fluoride content, lesion depth, and mineral content were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, Student's t test, Neuman-Keuls procedure (multiple [pairwise] comparison), and Pearson's product-moment correlation tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant differences in fluoride uptake, lesion depth, and mineral density between groups. Significant correlational relationships were also determined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that Photac-Fil and Ketac-Fil prevent in-vitro demineralization of enamel and suggests different mechanisms of action for each material.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wandera
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001706:Biopsy; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005459:Fluorides / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008298:Maleates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D008852:Microradiography; D008903:Minerals / Q000032:analysis; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012117:Resins, Synthetic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D008298:Maleates; D008903:Minerals; C081144:Photac-Fil; D019279:Resin Cements; D012117:Resins, Synthetic; C040964:Ketac-Fil; D005459:Fluorides