title: Magnesium supplementation alleviates premenstrual symptoms of fluid retention.
abstract: We investigated the effect of a daily supplement of 200 mg of magnesium (as MgO) for two menstrual cycles on the severity of premenstrual symptoms in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. A daily supplement of 200 mg of Mg (as MgO) or placebo was administered for two menstrual cycles to each volunteer, who kept a daily record of her symptoms, using a 4-point scale in a menstrual diary of 22 items. Symptoms were grouped into six categories: PMS-A (anxiety), PMS-C (craving), PMS-D (depression), PMS-H (hydration), PMS-O (other), and PMS-T (total overall symptoms). Urinary Mg output/24 hours was estimated from spot samples using the Mg/creatinine ratio. Analysis of variance for 38 women showed no effect of Mg supplementation compared with placebo in any category in the first month of supplementation. In the second month there was a greater reduction (p = 0.009) of symptoms of PMS-H (weight gain, swelling of extremities, breast tenderness, abdominal bloating) with Mg supplementation compared with placebo. Compliance to supplementation was confirmed by the greater mean estimated 24-hour urinary output of Mg (p = 0.013) during Mg supplementation (100.8 mg) compared with placebo (74.1 mg). A daily supplement of 200 mg of Mg (as MgO) reduced mild premenstrual symptoms of fluid retention in the second cycle of administration.
authors.affiliation: Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Reading, U.K.
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: De Souza
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Vickers
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abeyasekera
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Trinca
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008274:Magnesium / Q000652:urine; D008277:Magnesium Oxide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011293:Premenstrual Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014883:Water-Electrolyte Imbalance / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D008277:Magnesium Oxide; D008274:Magnesium