title: Detection of optic disc changes with Glaucoma-Scope probability maps.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test whether a statistical method using a probability map could detect true changes in optic disc topography.
  
  
  METHODS
  The average of three Glaucoma-Scope images (Ophthalmic Imaging Systems were used for analysis at each of two sessions. A Glaucoma-Scope probability map was constructed for each eye using statistical methods. The proportion of topographic locations with p values less than 0.05 on a modified two-sample t test (p-proportion) and the difference in the mean position of the disc (MPD) from two imaging sessions were calculated. Two pairs of stereoscopic disc photographs for 43 eyes with longitudinal follow-up were evaluated for change by four experienced glaucoma specialists masked to patient clinical information. Clinical change was considered to have occurred when the assessments of at least three of the four specialists were agreed on. The cutoff values for p-proportion and change in MPD that provided 95% specificity were calculated using a separate sample of 69 subjects who had serial images taken at two separate sessions on the same day, and thus showed no clinical change in the optic disc.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cutoff values of 95% specificity for the p-proportion and the change in MPD were 18% and 25.1 microns, respectively. Of 43 eyes with longitudinal follow-up, 14 showed definite clinical change. Sensitivity of the p-proportion and change in MPD for detecting this change was 100% and 85.7%, respectively. For all 43 patients with longitudinal follow-up, the percent change in intraocular pressure (IOP) correlated strongly with both the p-proportion and the change in MPD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using data obtained with the Glaucoma-Scope, a statistical method based on probability mapping can be used to detect true changes in disc topography. The p-proportion was more sensitive than change in MPD in detecting clinical change in the study eyes. This statistical methodology may also be applicable for interpretation of data obtained with other optic disc analyzers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195-6485, USA.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Emond
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Leen
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Stanford
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D009798:Ocular Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis*; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000473:pathology*; D009901:Optic Nerve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011336:Probability; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity