title: The physiological origin of the slow afterwave in muscle action potentials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Both intramuscularly-recorded motor unit action potentials (MUAPs) and surface recorded MUAPs and compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) have slow afterwaves which can contribute as much as half their measured duration. This study tested the hypothesis that the slow afterwave has its physiological origin in the negative afterpotential of the muscle fiber intracellular action potential (IAP).
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the slow afterwave in MUAPs and CMAPs from brachial biceps, tibialis anterior, first dorsal interosseous, thenar and hypothenar muscles in 15 normal subjects, and using computer simulations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The slow afterwaves did not match the time constant of the amplifier's high-pass filter, and so were not filtering artifacts. They lasted long after propagation had terminated at the muscle/tendon junction, and so were not due to the temporal or spatial dispersion of propagating single-fiber potentials. Their amplitude and polarity varied with the recording site as predicted by computer simulations that modeled the IAP as having a negative afterpotential. They also changed with double-pulse stimulation and decreasing temperature in ways consistent with the results of intracellular studies of the IAP negative afterpotential.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presented results support our hypothesis that the slow afterwave is a manifestation of the IAP negative afterpotential.
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation Research and Development Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, CA 94304-1200, USA. lateva@roses.stanford.edu
authors.forename: Z C
authors.initials: ZC
authors.lastname: Lateva
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: McGill
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D016477:Artifacts; D003080:Cold Temperature; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012032:Refractory Period, Electrophysiological / Q000502:physiology