title: Determination of 17 beta-estradiol and its metabolites in sewage effluent by solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
abstract: The paper describes a simple and quantitative method for monitoring non-conjugated 17 beta-estradiol (E2) and its metabolites estrone (E1) and estriol (E3) as environmental contaminants in municipal sewage effluents. Estrogens were preconcentrated and cleaned up by solid-phase extraction using a reversed-phase C18 cartridge. They were derivatized with pentafluoropropionic acid anhydride, and the products were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Recoveries from spiked distilled water and sewage were better than 87% at fortification levels of 100 and 20 ng/L. For a 1 L sewage sample and a concentration factor of 5000, detection limits were 5 ng/L for E1 and E2 and 10 ng/L for E3. In a brief survey of Canadian wastewater, these estrogens were detected in many raw sewage and effluent samples at concentrations ranging from 6 to 109 ng/L for E1, from < 5 to 15 ng/L for E2, and from < 10 to 250 ng/L for E3.
authors.affiliation: National Water Research Institute, Aquatic Ecosystem Protection Branch, Burlington, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Peart
mesh_terms: D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D004958:Estradiol / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D004964:Estriol / Q000032:analysis*; D004970:Estrone / Q000032:analysis*; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D012722:Sewage; D004970:Estrone; C033093:perfluoropropionic acid; D004958:Estradiol; D004964:Estriol