title: Fiberoptic bronchoscopy in coronary care unit patients: indications, safety, and clinical implications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the indications, safety, therapeutic impact, and outcome of fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) in coronary care unit (CCU) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of all CCU patients undergoing FOB during a 6-year period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary care university hospital.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 8,330 patients admitted to the CCU; 40 (0.5%) patients underwent FOB to evaluate pulmonary abnormalities, most often (78%) to appraise clinically suspected pneumonia. Thirty-five (88%) patients were intubated and 21 (53%) had acute myocardial infarction (MI) before FOB. There were two major complications (bleeding, intubation) occurring within 24 h of FOB, one of which appeared due to the procedure. No episodes of chest pain or ischemic events were recorded and no significant increase in major complications was noted in MI patients (3% vs 5%). Patients having FOB within 10 days of MI had higher survival (79%) than those undergoing FOB later (29%) (p = 0.05). Seven different bacterial pathogens were isolated in 6 (15%) patients, probably reflecting prior empiric antibiotics in 32 (80%) patients. Therapy was changed in 64% of patients in whom a potential pathogen was identified. Despite alterations in treatment, patients with clinically suspected pneumonia and any organisms isolated by FOB had greater mortality (79% vs 31%, p = 0.003) than those with sterile FOB cultures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FOB may be diagnostically useful in the evaluation of pulmonary abnormalities in selected patients with acute cardiac disease, can be performed safely, and may influence management decisions. Positive bronchoscopy cultures often influence therapy but are associated with higher mortality, suggesting a lethal effect of nosocomial pneumonia in this subset of CCU patients. The risks of FOB must be weighed with the impact of FOB results on patient outcome, and its role requires further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Dunagan
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Aquino
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Adair
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Haponik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001999:Bronchoscopy / Q000379:methods; D003325:Coronary Care Units; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009657:North Carolina; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome