title: Identification of an efflux pump gene, pmrA, associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae.
abstract: An open reading frame (ORF) homologous to norA was insertionally inactivated with cat in a fluoroquinolone-resistant pneumococcus with an efflux phenotype; this inactivation caused reversion to drug sensitivity. The ORF product has 24% amino acid sequence identity each to NorA and Bmr, which suggests that it is a major facilitator system pump of the 12-transmembrane-segment class.
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom. m.j.gill@bham.ac.uk
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Brenwald
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wise
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; C081902:pmrA protein, Bacteria