title: Scrotal ulcer occurring in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia during treatment with all-trans retinoic acid.
abstract: Although all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has been shown to improve the outcome of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) compared with chemotherapy alone, various adverse effects have been reported. We report here the development of scrotal ulcer in four patients with APL during ATRA treatment. ATRA 45 mg/m2 was administered orally to four patients with newly diagnosed APL, two of whom also received chemotherapy. Scrotal ulcers appeared in all four patients after a median of 22 days (range: 17-29 days) of ATRA treatment. ATRA was discontinued in only one patient, who was then treated with methylprednisolone pulse therapy. The fever resolved, and scrotal ulcer improved after this treatment. The other three patients were treated with steroid or antibiotic ointment for scrotal ulcers. ATRA was re-administered 2 years later in one patient who had relapse of APL. Ulcers appeared again on the scrotal and lower abdominal skin on day 27 of ATRA treatment. These findings strongly suggest that scrotal ulcer is a potential adverse effect of ATRA.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Katsuno
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saheki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takatsuka
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujimori
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takemoto
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kakishita
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen; D000328:Adult; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003561:Cytarabine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D003630:Daunorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005334:Fever / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D015255:Idarubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015473:Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D012611:Scrotum; D012883:Skin Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D003561:Cytarabine; D014212:Tretinoin; C015019:enocitabine; D008775:Methylprednisolone; D015255:Idarubicin; D003630:Daunorubicin