title: Trypsinogen activation and glutathione content are linked to pancreatic injury in models of biliary acute pancreatitis.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  In models of biliary acute pancreatitis, which might resemble the situation in humans, premature activation of trypsinogen inside the pancreas ("autodigestion") occurs and is correlated with the extent of ductal and parenchymal injury. It is accompanied by a critical spending of protease inhibitors and glutathione, compromising important acinar cell defense and maintenance mechanisms.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Premature activation of pancreatic digestive enzymes and profound changes of levels of certain biochemical compounds have been implicated in the pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis. Hitherto, little information on their role in biliary acute pancreatitis has been available.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three types of injury to the pancreaticobiliary duct system of various severity were induced in rats--ligation of the common bile-pancreatic duct, retrograde infusion of electrolyte, or retrograde infusion of taurocholate solution--and were compared to sham-operated animals. Trypsin, trypsin inhibitory capacity (TIC), reduced glutathione (GSH), and other compounds were measured in pancreatic tissue. Histopathology, as well as serum amylase, lipase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase (gamma GT) were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histopathology and elevated activity of gamma GT in the serum revealed increasing severity of pancreatic injury from sham operation through retrograde duct infusion with taurocholate. GSH was diminished even in macroscopically normal-appearing tissue, but significantly lower in altered (hemorrhagic)-looking sections. Conversely, tissue levels of trypsin were significantly increased. TIC was elevated only in the duct obstruction model, whereas it was reduced in the retrograde duct infusion models.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lüthen
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Grendell
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Niederau
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Häussinger
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001660:Biliary Tract Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010179:Pancreas / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D014361:Trypsin Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D014362:Trypsinogen / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014361:Trypsin Inhibitors; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D014362:Trypsinogen; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; D005978:Glutathione