title: Expression of different isoforms of TGF-beta and the latent TGF-beta binding protein (LTBP) by rat Kupffer cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Kupffer cells (liver resident macrophages) make an important contribution to the perpetuation of liver diseases by synthesis and secretion of TGF-beta. In some cell types TGF-beta, is expressed as a large latent complex containing the latent TGF-beta binding protein (LTBP) in addition to the N-terminal TGF-beta precursor (latency associated peptide). This study aimed to identify LTBP expression in rat Kupffer cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cells were isolated from rat liver by collagenase-pronase reperfusion, purified and cultured under standard conditions. TGF-beta and LTBP expression were characterized using alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase immunostainings, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunoprecipitation of metabolically labeled proteins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunostainings of Kupffer cells with anti-sera against LTBP-1 (ab 39) and LTBP-2 indicated the expression of both LTBP isoforms in addition to the expression of latency associated peptide and TGF-beta. Transcripts of three LTBP isoforms (LTBP-1,-2,-3) and TGF-beta isoforms (TGF-beta-1,-2,-3) were detectable by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The LTBP-1D splice variant missing a part of the proteinase sensitive hinge region which has recently been described in hepatic stellate cells is expressed in Kupffer cells, too. Metabolic labeling of Kupffer cells with [35S]-Met/Cys followed by immunoprecipitation of the conditioned media using antisera against LTBP-1 and LTBP-2 indicated the secretion of high molecular mass TGF-beta complexes containing LTBP proteins of 230 and 170 kDa (LTBP-1) or 230 kDa (LTBP-2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results show that Kupffer cells partly synthesize and release TGF-beta as large latent complexes. This requires the extracellular activation of TGF-beta as a prerequisite for receptor binding and cellular signaling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Chemistry and Central Laboratory, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany. roths@mailer.uni-marburg.de
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gressner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007728:Kupffer Cells; D053779:Latent TGF-beta Binding Proteins; D008297:Male; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D019899:Paracrine Communication; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D053779:Latent TGF-beta Binding Proteins; C509037:Ltbp2 protein, rat; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta