title: Safety evaluation of Nostoc flagelliforme (nostocales, Cyanophyceae) as a potential food.
abstract: The safety of the alga genus Nostoc flagelliforme Born. etFlah. as a human food source was evaluated in an oral acute toxicity study and in a 28-day oral subacute toxicity study using rats. In the acute toxicity study, the dried powder of N. flagelliforme was orally administered to male and female rats at a dose of 1250 mg/kg and 2500 mg/kg. Neither mortality nor changes in general condition were observed in either the study groups or the control group over a 14-day observation period. In the subacute toxicity study, N. flagelliforme powder was administered orally to male and female rats at a dose of 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg for a period of 28 days. Neither mortality nor changes in general condition were observed in either the treatment group or the control group throughout the 28-day administration period. No reduction in food consumption or body weight gain was observed in the experimental animals. Ophthalmological tests performed at the end of the administration period revealed no abnormalities within the ophthalmological parameters. In the haematological tests and serum biochemical tests performed at the time of completion of the administration period, no adverse effects of N. flagelliforme were observed. At autopsy, organ weight at the end of the experimental period and histopathological tests of specimens obtained from the autopsied animals revealed no significant influences of N. flagelliforme. In conclusion, considering the absence of adverse effects of N. flagelliforme in this study, findings in the oral acute toxicity study and the 28-day oral subacute toxicity study may indicate the safety of N. flagelliforme for human consumption. This study is in agreement with the novel nutraceutical idea "Phycophagism".
authors.affiliation: MicroAlgae Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takenaka
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watarai
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Seki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsuchida
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishimori
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morinaga
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis; D001835:Body Weight; D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D005504:Food Analysis; D008297:Male; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy; D009929:Organ Size; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016482:Urinalysis