title: Carob pod: a new substrate for citric acid production by Aspergillus niger.
abstract: The production of citric acid from carob pod extract by A. niger in surface fermentation was investigated. A maximum citric acid concentration (85.5 g/L), citric acid productivity (4.07 g/L/d), specific citric acid production rate (0.18 g/g/d), and specific sugar uptake rate (0.358 g/g/d) was achieved at an initial sugar concentration of 200 g/L, pH of 6.5, and a temperature of 30 degrees C. Other kinetic parameters, namely, citric acid yield, biomass yield, specific biomass production rate, and fermentation efficiency were maximum at pH 6.5, temperature 30 degrees C, and initial sugar concentration 100 g/L. The external addition of methanol into the carob pod extract at a concentration up to 4% (v/v) improved the production of citric acid.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Roukas
mesh_terms: D001234:Aspergillus niger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D001709:Biotechnology; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D005285:Fermentation; D005685:Galactans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D008351:Mannans; D000432:Methanol / Q000494:pharmacology; D053149:Plant Gums; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism*; D013696:Temperature; D014197:Trees
chemical_list: D005685:Galactans; D008351:Mannans; D053149:Plant Gums; D011134:Polysaccharides; D019343:Citric Acid; C017471:locust bean gum; D000432:Methanol