Biochemical mechanisms of evolution and the role of oxygen.
The concept formulated here presumes the existence of specific mechanisms of evolution that save intermediate (and therefore imperfect) forms of organisms from elimination by natural selection. A change in the life strategy made in situations when the appearance of a new trait worsens, rather than improves, adaptation of the organism to the changing environment can be one of these mechanisms. The concept postulates that, in such cases, K-strategy (relatively low rates of reproduction and activity in general but long life span) is replaced by r-strategy (high activity and reproduction but short life span). A decrease in the life span upon the K --> r transition is suggested to be an unavoidable consequence of an elevation of formation of toxic reactive oxygen species under conditions of increased rates of aerobic metabolism required for the increased life activity. The phenomenon of giantism of transgenic tobacco plants that overproduce a mitochondrial heat shock protein (experiments done by A. Moore) is assumed to be explained by an r --> K transition. On the other hand, a decrease in the life activity and a considerable increase in life span occurring in a nematode upon mutations inhibiting the CoQ biosynthesis (S. Hekimi) might serve as an example of a K --> r transition.
Skulachev
V P
VP
Department of Bioenergetics, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119899, Russia. skulach@head.genebee.msu.su.
D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008017:Life Expectancy; D008954:Models, Biological; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D012641:Selection, Genetic
D010100:Oxygen