title: Thyroid carcinoma in intrathoracic goiter.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Most cases of intrathoracic goiter can be managed by cervical incision alone. A thoracic approach may be needed when adhesions or an anomalous blood supply are present or carcinoma is suspected.
  
  
  METHODS
  Only 44 patients out of 5263 operated on for goiter needed a thoracic incision. A sternotomy was performed in 29 cases and a thoracotomy in 15; a malignancy was present in 9 cases. Symptoms, surgical approach, histology, survival and pTN staging of these 9 patients were reviewed and discussed; no perioperative mortality was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A thoracic approach is more frequently needed for treatment of intrathoracic thyroid carcinoma as it offers a greater chance of radical excision and better control of intraoperative bleeding. Histologically, thyroid carcinoma in intrathoracic goiter is often anaplastic or rare and has a poor long-term survival rate when compared to cervical forms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrine Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nervi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Iacconi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Spinelli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Janni
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Miccoli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006045:Goiter, Substernal / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D015996:Survival Rate; D013908:Thoracotomy / Q000379:methods; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D013965:Thyroidectomy / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome