title: [Hemorrhagic shock during laparoscopic cholecystectomy detected by transesophageal echocardiography].
abstract: A 47-year-old man was scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia supplemented with epidural anesthesia. A direct arterial line and a transesophageal echocardiogram probe were inserted before surgery. Anesthesia was maintained with nitrous oxide and isoflurane but without epidural anesthesia. Severe hypotension occurred about 30 minutes after introducing pneumoperitoneum but surgeons denied massive bleeding in the operative field. Although this made us difficult to diagnose the incident as massive bleeding or pulmonary air embolism (PAE), a collapsed heart was detected by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Its end-diastolic diameter of the left ventricle was reduced to 20 mm and left ventricular end-systolic cavity obliteration was demonstrated. We could easily diagnose the decrease of blood volume due to PAE using TEE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Gifu University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagase
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Terazawa
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akamatsu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimonaka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dohi
mesh_terms: D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology