title: Selective conservation of an E-protein gene promoter during vertebrate evolution.
abstract: The murine E-protein gene ME1 encodes a non-tissue-specific, helix-loop-helix transcription factor that is associated with morphological development. ME1 gene expression is regulated by a TATA-less promoter that contains multiple Sp1 consensus elements, E-boxes, and a novel transcription initiation site. In this study, we compared DNA homologous to the ME1 promoter from vertebrate species ranging from frog to human. A region of striking sequence similarity was identified in a region corresponding to the ME1 transcription initiation site (ME1 Inr). Within this region, a poly d(A) tract and a 9-bp inverted repeat (5'-GTCCGCCTG) were highly conserved in all species that were examined. Protein complexes that recognized these DNA elements were present among distant vertebrates (frog, chick, monkey and human), and were able to bend the ME1 Inr to a similar extent (approximately 60 degrees) as the previously described murine MBP alpha and MBP beta proteins. Collectively, these results suggest that an ME1 Inr-like element and its associated proteins functioned in an ancestral vertebrate more than 350 million years ago.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, USA. shain@uclink4.berkeley.edu
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Shain
authors.forename: M X
authors.initials: MX
authors.lastname: Zuber
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Norris
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Neuman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D019556:COS Cells; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015698:Genomic Library; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D004247:DNA; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C489532:Tcf12 protein, mouse; C073366:TCF12 protein, human