title: Evidence for efferent effects on early components of the human auditory brain-stem evoked potentials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Auditory brain-stem evoked potentials (ABEPs) were recorded from 10 normal hearing subjects in response to rarefaction clicks, presented at a rate of 11/s. Stimuli were binaurally symmetrical and isochronic at 75 dB peSPL or with interaural time disparities (ITDs) of +/-0.4 ms, or intensity disparities (IIDs) of +/-10 dB. Potentials were recorded from vertex-neck, as well as from 3 orthonormally positioned differential derivations. The amplified potentials were averaged over 8000 repetitions using a dwell time of 20 micros/address/channel. The effects of contralateral stimulation on neural responses of the peripheral auditory system were obtained by subtracting the binaural response from the algebraic sum of responses to left and right monaural stimuli. From the 3 orthonormal derivations, 3-channel Lissajous' trajectories (3-CLTs) to the various stimulus conditions and difference waveforms were derived.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results corroborated earlier studies on binaural interaction components (BICs), which include 3 major components corresponding in latency to the vertex-mastoid peaks IV-VI of ABEP. In addition, the binaural difference waveforms included 3 earlier, low-amplitude components. Latency correspondence and comparison of difference waveform and ABEP 3-CLTs indicated that the first and third early difference waveform components corresponded to the negative peaks following I and III, respectively, of the vertex-neck ABEP to binaural clicks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that early ABEP peaks, generated peripheral to binaural convergence, may be affected by contralateral stimulation. These contralateral effects were in a pattern compatible with suppression. most probably by efferents of the olivo-cochlear bundle.
authors.affiliation: Evoked Potentials Laboratory, Behavioral Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Polyakov
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pratt
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004423:Ear / Q000502:physiology; D004525:Efferent Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D016057:Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006309:Hearing / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors