title: Engagement of CD99 induces apoptosis through a calcineurin-independent pathway in Ewing's sarcoma cells.
abstract: Programmed cell death (PCD) is a prominent feature of the development of the immune and nervous systems. In both systems, widespread PCD occurs in primitive progenitor cells during development. In this study, we demonstrated that Ewing's sarcoma (ES) cells, undifferentiated neural precursors, underwent apoptosis upon engagement of CD99 with anti-CD99 monoclonal antibody. Apoptosis via CD99 occurred only in the undifferentiated state of ES cells, but not in differentiated ES cells. CD99-induced apoptosis in ES cells appeared to require de novo synthesis of RNA and protein as well as caspase activation. Cyclosporin A, known to be a potent inhibitor of both calcineurin activation and mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, inhibited CD99-mediated apoptosis, whereas FK-506, a specific calcineurin inhibitor, did not, indicating the induction of CD99-mediated apoptosis through a calcineurin-independent pathway. Furthermore, the dying cells displayed the reduction of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (delta psi m). These results suggest that CD99 engagement induce CsA-inhibitable mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, followed by a reduction of delta psi m and caspase activation, thereby leading to apoptosis. Based on these results, we suggest the possible involvement of CD99 in the apoptotic processes that occur during nervous system development and also its application in immunotherapeutic trials for ES cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea.
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.forename: E Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: U A
authors.initials: UA
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Jun
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000071443:12E7 Antigen; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D017209:Apoptosis; D019703:Calcineurin; D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D020169:Caspases / Q000502:physiology; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000494:pharmacology; D003609:Dactinomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D006801:Humans; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000473:pathology; D018242:Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive / Q000473:pathology; D012512:Sarcoma, Ewing / Q000473:pathology*; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000071443:12E7 Antigen; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015703:Antigens, CD; C061828:CD99 protein, human; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D003609:Dactinomycin; D016572:Cyclosporine; D019703:Calcineurin; D020169:Caspases; D002118:Calcium; D016559:Tacrolimus