title: Lipoprotein(a) interactions with lipid and non-lipid risk factors in patients with early onset coronary artery disease: results from the NHLBI Family Heart Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A positive interaction between high plasma lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and unfavorable plasma lipid levels has been reported to result in very high risk for premature coronary artery disease (CAD). We further examined this issue for men and women with early onset CAD. We also examined potential interactions between Lp(a) and non-lipid risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 338 men and women with early onset CAD (most with a positive family history of early CAD) and 480 general population controls, we measured Lp(a), lipids and other risk factors. In univariate analysis, relative odds for CAD was 1.7 (P = 0.002) for plasma Lp(a) >50 mg/dl. Elevated Lp(a) level was found to interact with adjusted plasma total/high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol such that when Lp(a) was over 50 mg/dl and adjusted plasma total/HDL cholesterol >5.8, relative odds for CAD were 8.0-9.6 (P<0.0001) in multiple logistic regression. Non-lipid risk factors were generally found to multiply the risk associated with Lp(a) (as predicted by logistic regression) without evidence for interaction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We find evidence that Lp(a) does interact positively with adjusted plasma total/HDL cholesterol ratio. Aggressive risk factor intervention, especially for lipids, in those with elevated Lp(a) therefore appears indicated.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City 84132, USA.
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Hopkins
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Schreiner
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Eckfeldt
authors.forename: I B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Borecki
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Ellison
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Siegmund
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D017270:Lipoprotein(a) / Q000097:blood*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008055:Lipids; D017270:Lipoprotein(a); D002784:Cholesterol