title: Cytokines in human breast cancer: IL-1alpha and IL-1beta expression.
abstract: We hypothesize that interleukin 1alpha (IL-1alpha) and interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) are present and tumor cell associated in human breast cancer (HBC) specimens. To test our hypothesis: a) immunologic analysis was performed on HBC histologic sections for IL-1alpha (n=49) and IL-1beta (n=42) distribution; and b) homogenates of HBC tumors were analyzed for levels of IL-1alpha (n=82), IL-1beta (n=101) and interleukin 8 (IL-8) (n=103) expression. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated the presence of IL-1alpha and IL-1beta in tumor cells in patients with invasive cancer and ductal carcinoma in situ. Quantitative analysis confirmed the presence and positive correlation of IL-1alpha and IL-1beta to IL-8, a known angiogenic factor, in cancer specimens. These studies demonstrate that tumor-associated IL-1alpha+, IL-1beta are present in the tumor microenvironment and may play a pivotal role in regulating breast tumor growth and metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030-3105, USA.
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kurtzman
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Renna
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stankus
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Lindquist
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Barrows
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Kreutzer
mesh_terms: D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000378:metabolism; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000098:blood supply / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000098:blood supply / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000032:analysis*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000032:analysis; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D016209:Interleukin-8; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms