title: Endovascular treatment of spinal vascular malformations.
abstract: Endovascular treatment is considered as the first choice of treatment for most cases of spinal vascular malformations. Clinical presentation, natural history, and origin of symptoms are briefly described on spinal cord arteriovenous malformations, spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas, epidural fistulas, and paraspinal fistulas. Pretherapeutic evaluation, materials and technique for embolization, post-therapeutic management, results, and follow-up are discussed for each disease.
authors.affiliation: Center for Endovascular Surgery, Institute for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Beth Israel Medical Center, North Division, New York, New York 10128, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Niimi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berenstein
mesh_terms: D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D006801:Humans; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000098:blood supply*; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*