title: Definitive localization of isolated tracheoesophageal fistula using bronchoscopy and esophagoscopy for guide wire placement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To aid in identification of isolated tracheoesophageal fistulas (TEF), many surgeons have recommended the bronchoscopic placement of a ureteric or Fogarty catheter. This method can fail because of intraoperative dislodgment of the catheter. The authors present a new technique that enables us to definitively isolate and treat all H-type fistulas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six cases of isolated TEF are presented consisting of 4 H-type fistulas, a proximal pouch fistula, and a recurrent TEF. Three of the patients had undergone a total of four prior failed operations at outside institutions using attempted bronchoscopic catheter placement. On all six patients, bronchoscopy was first performed where the fistula tract was noted in the trachea and a guide wire was passed through the fistula. After orotracheal intubation, the authors performed rigid esophagoscopy; the guide wire was identified and brought out through the mouth. This created a wire loop through the fistula. With the use of x-ray we were then able to visualize the level of the fistula and determine whether a cervical or thoracic approach should be used. Identification of the fistula intraoperatively was then facilitated by traction on the loop by the anesthesiologist.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five of the six TEFs were repaired with neck exploration; one required right thoracotomy. In all patients, the fistula was identified and divided. There were no recurrences or other complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This new technique is a simple and definitive method in identification and treatment of isolated TEF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Childrens Hospital of Los Angeles, California 90027, USA.
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Shaul
mesh_terms: D020680:Bronchoscopes; D001999:Bronchoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D019723:Endoscopes; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D020701:Esophagoscopes; D004945:Esophagoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D013908:Thoracotomy / Q000379:methods; D014138:Tracheoesophageal Fistula / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome