title: Post-laparoscopic vomiting in females versus males: comparison of prophylactic antiemetic action of ondansetron versus metoclopramide.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The incidence of postoperative vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy is compared in females versus males. The report also compares the prophylactic action of ondansetron versus metoclopramide.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 85 American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I and II patients were enrolled in the study. Patients were divided into two groups according to sex: Group I 53 females, and Group II 32 males. After anaesthetic induction, subjects received intravenously either 4 mg ondansetron or 10 mg metoclopramide.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of vomiting as well as the frequency of emetic episodes over 24 hours were analyzed in each group using X2 analysis. Data analysis revealed a significantly higher incidence (P < 0.05) of postoperative emesis in females 10:53 (18.9%) as compared to males 0:32 (0%). In the male group, no patient vomited postoperatively, whether prophylactic ondansetron or metoclopramide was used. While the incidence of emesis in the female group was lower (P < 0.05) in the ondansetron group (17.6%) than the metoclopramide group (29.6%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results may indicate prophylactic antiemetic therapy in female patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy; ondansetron appears to be superior to metoclopramide.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dabbous
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Itani
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kawas
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Karam
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aouad
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baraka
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Khoury
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Khoury
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008787:Metoclopramide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017294:Ondansetron / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011292:Premedication; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017678:Sex Distribution
chemical_list: D000932:Antiemetics; D017294:Ondansetron; D008787:Metoclopramide