title: Apolipoprotein E genotype is a determinant of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and of its response to a low-cholesterol diet in Type 1 diabetic patients with elevated urinary albumin excretion.
abstract: The effect of the apolipoprotein (apo) E genotype on the lipoprotein response to a 1 year low cholesterol diet (200 mg cholesterol per day) was evaluated in 36 patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus with albuminuria between 10 and 200 microg min(-1). Apo E genotype was characterized by polymerase chain reaction and restriction isotyping. In 11 IDDM patients with at least one epsilon4 allele (apo E4 group), baseline serum total and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were higher (p < 0.05 for both) than in 25 patients without an epsilon4 allele and with at least one epsilon3 allele (apo E3 group). Dietary counselling resulted in a similar decrease in cholesterol intake in both groups, whereas linoleic acid did not change. In the apo E4 group, serum total and LDL cholesterol at follow-up fell (p < 0.01 for both) to levels that were not different from those in the apo E3 group, and the changes in these parameters were greater (p < 0.02) than those in the apo E3 group. We conclude that the apo E4 allele is associated with atherogenic lipoprotein abnormalities in Type 1 DM patients with minor elevations in albuminuria when they use their habitual diet. Apo E4 carrying patients respond better to a low cholesterol diet.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Blaauwwiekel
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Beusekamp
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Sluiter
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hoogenberg
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Dullaart
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000419:Albuminuria; D000483:Alleles; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000097:blood; D053318:Apolipoprotein E3; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics*; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000652:urine; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D019787:Linoleic Acid; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests
chemical_list: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D053318:Apolipoprotein E3; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D019787:Linoleic Acid