title: Detection of a streptomycin/spectinomycin adenylyltransferase gene (aadA) in Enterococcus faecalis.
abstract: Genes encoding streptomycin/spectinomycin adenylyltransferases [ANT(3")(9)] have been reported to exist in gram-negative organisms and Staphylococcus aureus. During a study of high-level aminoglycoside resistance in enterococci, we encountered an isolate of Enterococcus faecalis that was streptomycin resistant but did not appear to contain the 6'-adenylyltransferase gene (aadE) when examined by PCR with specific primers. Phosphocellulose paper binding assays indicated the presence of an ANT(3")(9) enzyme. Streptomycin and spectinomycin MICs of 4,000 and 8,000 microg/ml, respectively, were observed for the isolate. PCR primers corresponding to a highly conserved region of the aadA gene were used to amplify a specific 284-bp product. The product hybridized with a digoxigenin-labeled PCR product from E. coli C600(pHP45Omega) known to contain the aadA gene. The aadA gene was transferred via filter matings from the E. faecalis donor to E. faecalis JH2-2. PCR primers designed for analysis of integrons were used to amplify a 1-kb product containing the aadA gene, which was cloned into the vector pCRII and transformed into Escherichia coli DH5-alpha competent cells. D-Rhodamine dye terminator cycle sequencing was used to determine the gene sequence, which was compared to previously reported sequences of aadA genes. We found the aadA gene in E. faecalis to be identical to the aadA genes reported by Sundstr om et al. for E. coli plasmid R6-5 (L. Sundström, P. Râdström, G. Swedberg, and O. Sköld, Mol. Gen. Genet. 213:191-201, 1988), by Fling et al. for the aadA within transposon Tn7 (M. E. Fling, J. Kopf, and C. Richards, Nucleic Acids Res. 13:7095-7106, 1985), and by Hollingshead and Vapnek for E. coli R538-1 (S. Hollingshead and D. Vapnek, Plasmid 13:17-30, 1985). Previous reports of the presence of the aadA gene in enterococci appear to be erroneous and probably describe an aadE gene, since the isolates were reported to be susceptible to spectinomycin.
authors.affiliation: Hospital Infections Program, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. ncc1@cdc.gov
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Olsvik
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Swenson
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Spiegel
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Tenover
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D015342:DNA Probes; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009713:Nucleotidyltransferases / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D015342:DNA Probes; D009713:Nucleotidyltransferases; C022678:streptomycin 3''-adenylyltransferase