title: The barrier-to-autointegration protein is a host factor for HIV type 1 integration.
abstract: In vivo, retroviral integration is mediated by a large nucleoprotein complex, termed the preintegration complex (PIC). PICs isolated from infected cells display in vitro integration activity. Here, we analyze the roles of different host cell factors in the structure and function of HIV type 1 (HIV-1) PICs. PICs purified by size exclusion after treatment with high salt lost their integration activity, and adding back an extract from uninfected cells restored this activity. In parallel, the native protein-DNA intasome structure detected at the ends of HIV-1 by Mu-mediated PCR footprinting was abolished by high salt and restored by the crude cell extract. Various purified proteins previously implicated in retroviral PIC function then were analyzed for their effects on the structure and function of salt-treated HIV-1 PICs. Whereas relatively low amounts (5-20 nM) of human barrier-to-autointegration factor (BAF) protein restored integration activity, substantially more (5-10 microM) human host factor HMG I(Y) was required. Similarly high levels (3-8 microM) of bovine RNase A, a DNA-binding protein used as a nonspecific control, also restored activity. Mu-mediated PCR footprinting revealed that of these three purified proteins, only BAF restored the native structure of the HIV-1 protein-DNA intasome. We suggest that BAF is a natural host cofactor for HIV-1 integration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Engelman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018983:DNA Footprinting; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D025741:HMGA1a Protein; D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012259:Ribonuclease, Pancreatic / Q000378:metabolism; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology / Q000821:virology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D016662:Virus Integration
chemical_list: C501959:BANF1 protein, human; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D025741:HMGA1a Protein; D012259:Ribonuclease, Pancreatic