title: Monitoring of Chlamydia trachomatis infections after antibiotic treatment using RNA detection by nucleic acid sequence based amplification.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the value of RNA detection by nucleic acid sequence based amplification (NASBA) for the monitoring of Chlamydia trachomatis infections after antibiotic treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cervical smears (n = 97) and urine specimens (n = 61) from 25 C trachomatis positive female patients were analysed for the presence of C trachomatis 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) by NASBA and C trachomatis plasmid DNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) before and up to five weeks after antibiotic treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chlamydia trachomatis RNA was found in all cervical smears taken before antibiotic treatment (n = 24) and in two smears taken one week after antibiotic treatment; no C trachomatis RNA was detected after two weeks or more. In contrast, C trachomatis DNA was found in all such specimens before treatment, and 21 of 25, six of 21, and five of 20 smears were found to be positive at one, two, and three weeks after treatment, respectively. After four weeks, only one of six smears was positive, and this smear had been negative in the two preceding weeks. Of the 61 urine samples investigated, C trachomatis DNA and C trachomatis RNA were found in all before treatment (n = 15), whereas one week after treatment four of 15 were C trachomatis DNA positive and C trachomatis RNA was detected in one sample only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data show that RNA detection by NASBA can be used successfully to monitor C trachomatis infections after antibiotic treatment. Furthermore, it might be possible to use urine specimens as a test of cure because neither C. trachomatis DNA or RNA could be detected two weeks or more after treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University Hospital Vrije Universiteit, HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Morré
authors.forename: P T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Sillekens
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Blok
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ossewaarde
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van Aarle
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: van Gemen
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Walboomers
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Meijer
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: van den Brule
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001437:Bacteriuria / Q000175:diagnosis; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000382:microbiology; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005784:Gene Amplification; D006801:Humans; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis*; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal / Q000032:analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014626:Vaginal Smears
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal; D004318:Doxycycline