title: Aggravation of acute ischemic stroke by hyperthermia is related to an excitotoxic mechanism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether hyperthermia aggravates cerebral injury in acute ischemia by an excitotoxic mechanism, we studied the relationship between body temperature on admission and CSF concentrations of neuroexcitatory amino acids in 128 patients with acute ischemic stroke of less than 24 h duration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Stroke worsening was defined as the percent change between the Canadian Stroke Scale (CSS) at 48 h and the CSS on admission. Infarct volume was measured on days 4-7 on cranial computed tomography. Excitatory amino acids were analyzed using HPLC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Glutamate concentration [median (min.-max.)] was 11 (2-19) micromol/l in hyperthermic patients (body temperature >37.5 degreesC) and 5 (2-22) micromol/l in normothermic patients (p < 0.0001). Glycine concentration in hyperthermic and normothermic patients was 16 (3-21) micromol/l and 9 (3-50) micromol/l, respectively (p < 0.0001). Glutamate was significantly higher in patients with hyperthermia only during the first 12 h after the onset of symptoms. The CSF concentrations of glutamate (r = 0.52; p < 0.0001) and glycine (r = 0.62; p < 0.0001) correlated with body temperature. Body temperature was significantly related to stroke worsening and infarct size, but this effect was dependent on the glutamate effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Glutamate and glycine release during the acute phase of cerebral ischemia could be responsible for the increased brain damage in hyperthermia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario, Hospital General de Galicia, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dávalos
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noya
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D018846:Excitatory Amino Acids / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D005260:Female; D005973:Glutamine / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D005998:Glycine / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D006801:Humans; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D018846:Excitatory Amino Acids; D005973:Glutamine; D005998:Glycine