title: Results of reoperation on the upper esophageal sphincter.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Reoperation on the upper esophageal sphincter is infrequent. We reviewed our experience in patients who underwent reoperation on the upper esophageal sphincter.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a retrospective report of accumulative series from 2 separate institutions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From September 1, 1976, to February 28, 1997, 37 patients underwent reoperation on the upper esophageal sphincter for recurrent or persistent obstructive symptoms. There were 29 men and 8 women. The median age was 69 years (range, 38-87 years). The original indication for the operation was a pharyngoesophageal (Zenker's) diverticulum in 33 patients (89.2%), oculopharyngeal dystrophy in 3 patients (8.1%), and muscular dystrophy in 1 patient (2.7%). One prior upper esophageal sphincter operation had been performed in 26 patients (70.3%), two operations in 9 patients (24. 3%), and three operations in 2 patients (5.4%). All patients were symptomatic; 35 patients (94.6%) had dysphagia; 23 patients (62.2%) had regurgitation; and 12 patients (32.4%) had episodes of aspiration. Thirty of the patients (91.0%) with Zenker's diverticulum were found to have a recurrent or persistent diverticulum at reoperation. A diverticulectomy and cricopharyngeal myotomy were performed in 23 patients (62.2%); cricopharyngeal myotomy alone, in 7 patients (18.9%); diverticulopexy and cricopharyngeal myotomy, in 6 patients (16.2%); and diverticulectomy alone, in 1 patient (2.7%). There were no operative deaths. Complications developed in 10 patients (27.0%). Follow-up was complete in 34 patients (91.9%) and ranged from 2 to 149 months (median, 39 mo). Thirty-two patients (94.1%) were improved. Functional results were classified as excellent in 26 patients (76. 5%), good in 2 patients (5.9%), fair in 4 patients (11.7%), and poor in 2 patients (5.9%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reoperation for patients who have persistent or recurrent symptoms after an operation on the upper esophageal sphincter is associated with acceptable morbidity and mortality rates. Resolution of symptoms occurs in most patients.
authors.affiliation: Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minn 55905, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rocco
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Deschamps
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Duranceau
authors.forename: V F
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Trastek
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Pairolero
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004943:Esophagogastric Junction / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016672:Zenker Diverticulum / Q000601:surgery*