title: Effect of matrix metalloproteinases activity on outflow in perfused human organ culture.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that extracellular matrix turnover, mediated by the matrix metalloproteinases, modulates aqueous humor outflow facility in a human outflow model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Matrix metalloproteinase activity was manipulated and outflow facility evaluated using perfused human anterior segment organ culture. Purified matrix metalloproteinases, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), and several families of synthetic inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases were added to the perfusion medium. Matrix metalloproteinase expression was increased by adding recombinant interleukin (IL)-1alpha. Kinetic inhibition analysis was conducted for stromelysin, gelatinase A, and gelatinase B with the various inhibitors. Live-dead staining was used to evaluate culture viability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increasing metalloproteinase activity, by adding purified metalloproteinases or by inducing their expression by IL-1alpha treatment, increased outflow facility. Inhibition of endogenous trabecular metalloproteinase activity using TIMP or several families of synthetic metalloproteinase inhibitors reduced outflow rates. The elevation and the reduction of outflow rates were reversible, with changes requiring 1 to 3 days. Kinetic enzyme inhibition analysis produced 50% inhibitory concentration values for these inhibitors that were compatible with the concentration ranges for outflow inhibition. CONCLUSIONS. The ability of several specific matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors to reduce outflow facility implies that endogenous extracellular matrix turnover by these enzymes was required for the maintenance of trabecular outflow resistance, at least in this human culture model. These observations provide support for the hypothesis that controlled extracellular matrix turnover is important in the regulation of aqueous humor outflow facility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vranka
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Colvis
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Conger
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Fisk
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Samples
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Acott
mesh_terms: D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002470:Cell Survival; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008954:Models, Biological; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D010477:Perfusion; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases / Q000494:pharmacology; D014129:Trabecular Meshwork / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases