title: Consensus statement on the diagnosis of multiple system atrophy. American Autonomic Society and American Academy of Neurology.
abstract: We report the results of a consensus conference on the diagnosis of multiple system atrophy (MSA). We describe the clinical features of the disease, which include four domains: autonomic failure/urinary dysfunction, parkinsonism and cerebellar ataxia, and corticospinal dysfunction. We set criteria to define the relative importance of these features. The diagnosis of possible MSA requires one criterion plus two features from separate domains. The diagnosis of probable MSA requires the criterion for autonomic failure/urinary dysfunction plus poor levodopa responsive parkinsonism or cerebellar ataxia. The diagnosis of definite MSA requires pathological confirmation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48109-0316, USA. sgilman@umich.edu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gilman
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Low
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Albanese
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ben-Shlomo
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fowler
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaufmann
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Klockgether
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lantos
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Litvan
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mathias
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oliver
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Schatz
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wenning
mesh_terms: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001342:Autonomic Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D002526:Cerebellar Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D019411:Clinical Laboratory Techniques; D006801:Humans; D007980:Levodopa / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019578:Multiple System Atrophy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D011712:Pyramidal Tracts / Q000503:physiopathology; D014553:Urinary Tract Physiological Phenomena
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D007980:Levodopa