title: Comparison between two devices for measuring hip joint motions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the reliability of measurements of hip motions obtained with two instruments, an electronic inclinometer and a two-arm goniometer, and to investigate whether the two instruments, and different body positions, produce the same measurement data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Maximal active and passive hip movements were measured simultaneously with both instruments, in nine subjects during 10 consecutive measurements at short intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intra-observer variability was lower with the inclinometer in measurements of passive hip rotations. The two instruments showed equal intra-observer variability for hip movements in general. The inclinometer showed lower inter-observer variability in the measurements of active internal rotation. More rotational movement was measured with the two-arm goniometer; more extension and flexion with the inclinometer. Also, more rotational movement was found in the prone position compared to sitting and supine positions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The inclinometer is more reliable in measurements of hip rotation. For hip movements in general the two-arm goniometer is just as accurate when used by only one observer. The two instruments, and some positions, are not interchangeable during consecutive measurements.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Bierma-Zeinstra
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bohnen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramlal
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ridderikhoff
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Verhaar
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prins
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012399:Rotation