title: Successful plague control in Namibia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate that plague can be successfully controlled.
  
  
  METHODS
  A descriptive study outlining patterns of plague occurrence in relation to variables such as age group, gender, place and time.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two northern districts, namely Engela in Ohangwena region and Onandjokwe in Oshikoto region, an area of 2,000 km2.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients who presented to the health facilities with signs and symptoms of plague were considered. Diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical symptomatology and laboratory confirmation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A plague control programme was established involving the following components: management capability at the local level, case recognition and management, dusting programme, rodent trapping programme, health education, establishment of plague laboratory, and plague surveillance system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following the establishment of the control programme plague cases were reduced from 1,092 to zero within 3 years and deaths from 45 to zero within 2 years. The case fatality rate was reduced from 4.12% to 0% over a 3-year period. No cases have been reported in Namibia for the past 3 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Namibian experience has demonstrated that plague can be controlled through a combination of strategies taking local conditions into consideration.
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Health and Social Services, Windhoek, Namibia.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shangula
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019468:Disease Management; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008875:Middle Aged; D009276:Namibia; D010930:Plague / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012375:Rodent Control / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015010:Yersinia pestis / Q000302:isolation & purification