title: Gadolinium chloride toxicity in the mouse.
abstract: 1. Groups of five male and five female CD-1 mice received a single intravenous injection of gadolinium chloride at dosages of 0 (saline control), 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 mmol/ kg. All mice were necropsied 48 h post dose. 2. Plasma analysis showed increases in concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase (both sexes), aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase (females only) in the 0.2 mmol/kg group. Cholesterol was elevated at all dosages in both sexes whilst globulin was raised in both sexes at 0.1 and 0.2 mmol/kg. 3. Histological lesions were present at all dosages and increased in severity in a dose-related fashion. The most common lesions were: mineral emboli in capillaries, accumulation of mineral in the mononuclear phagocytic system, hepatocellular necrosis, and lymphoid depletion, necrosis and mineralisation in the spleen. 4. Such observations are similar to those in rats given gadolinium chloride and should be assessed when evaluating the toxicological profile of gadolinium containing compounds being developed for nuclear magnetic resonance imaging.
authors.affiliation: Sanofi Research Division, Alnwick Research Centre, Northumberland, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spencer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Harpur
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000633:toxicity*; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008903:Minerals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D009336:Necrosis; D012712:Serum Globulins / Q000187:drug effects; D013158:Splenic Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D008903:Minerals; D012712:Serum Globulins; D002784:Cholesterol; D005682:Gadolinium; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; C038958:gadolinium chloride