title: Safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of concomitant injections in separate locations of M-M-R II, VARIVAX and TETRAMUNE in healthy children vs. concomitant injections of M-M-R II and TETRAMUNE followed six weeks later by VARIVAX.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The primary objectives of this study were to compare immunologic responses, antibody persistence, safety and varicella breakthrough rates when VARIVAX (varicella vaccine) is given at the same time as M-M-R II (measles, mumps, rubella vaccine) and TETRAMUNE (conjugate Haemophilus influenzae type b, diphtheria, tetanus and whole cell pertussis vaccine) at separate injection sites (Group A) vs. VARIVAX given 6 weeks after M-M-R II and TETRAMUNE (Group B). Six hundred nine healthy children, 12 to 23 months of age, were randomized to one of two treatment (immunization) groups (Group A and Group B). Blood for antibody titers was drawn on the day of immunization, 6 weeks after each injection and 1 year later. Local and systemic adverse reactions were recorded. Exposure and cases of varicella were documented through a 1-year follow-up period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Measles, mumps and rubella seroconversion rates and geometric mean titers (GMTs) were similar for both treatment groups. Varicella seroconversion rates were also similar between groups. However, varicella GMTs and percent with a varicella-protective level [> or =5.0 glycoprotein (gp) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) units] did not meet the prespecified criteria for similarity were lower for Group A (GMT 10.5; 82.8% > or =5.0 gp ELISA units) than for Group B (GMT 14.5; 91.2% > or =5.0 gp ELISA units). The GMTs between groups for other antibodies were similar. At the 1-year follow-up antibody titers were comparable in both groups and breakthrough varicella cases appeared generally similar. There were fewer local adverse events (AEs) at the VARIVAX injection sites (9.8% and 2.9%, Group A and B, respectively) than at the TETRAMUNE sites (27.9% and 24.0%). Systemic AEs were not statistically different when M-M-R II was administered alone (8.6%) or concomitantly with VARIVAX (8.9%). When VARIVAX was given alone AEs were 1.8%. The rate of fever > or =102 degrees F after M-M-R II and TETRAMUNE administered together was 10.7% on Days 0 to 3 and 23.7% on Days 7 to 21. When VARIVAX was administered alone, the rate of fever was 5.4% on Days 0 to 3 (P = 0.018) and 10.8% on Days 7 to 21 (P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because the varicella titers were comparable and varicella breakthrough rates generally similar at 1 year in both groups, we expect that the concomitant administration of VARIVAX with M-M-R II and TETRAMUNE has clinical effectiveness similar to that with VARIVAX 6 weeks after the administration of these other two vaccines. VARIVAX appears to be less reactogenic than M-M-R II and TETRAMUNE.
authors.affiliation: Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center, Oakland, CA 94115, USA. henry.shinefield@ncal.kaiperm.org
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Shinefield
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: B O
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Staehle
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Adelman
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ensor
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ngai
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Bird
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Kuter
mesh_terms: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D019433:Chickenpox Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D015721:Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D018073:Haemophilus Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007115:Immunization Schedule; D007223:Infant; D008458:Measles Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D022542:Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine; D009108:Mumps Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D012411:Rubella Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D017778:Vaccines, Combined / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D019433:Chickenpox Vaccine; D015721:Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine; D018073:Haemophilus Vaccines; D008458:Measles Vaccine; D022542:Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine; D009108:Mumps Vaccine; D012411:Rubella Vaccine; D017778:Vaccines, Combined; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate; C080881:diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-haemophilus b conjugate vaccine