title: Prevalence of hereditary hemochromatosis in 16031 primary care patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite evidence from screening studies in northern European populations, the prevalence of hemochromatosis in primary care populations in the United States remains speculative.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To establish the feasibility of screening for hemochromatosis and to estimate the prevalence of hemochromatosis in a large primary care population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional prevalence study.
  
  
  METHODS
  22 primary care practices in the Rochester, New York, area.
  
  
  METHODS
  16031 ambulatory patients without a previous diagnosis of hemochromatosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum transferrin saturation screening tests were offered to all adult patients in participating primary care practices.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with a serum transferrin saturation of 45% or more on initial testing had a serum transferrin saturation test done under fasting conditions and had serum ferritin levels measured. Those who had a fasting serum transferrin saturation of 55% or more and a serum ferritin level of 200 microg/L or more with no other apparent cause were presumed to have hemochromatosis and were offered liver biopsy to confirm the diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  25 patients had biopsy-proven hemochromatosis; 22 patients met the clinical criteria for hemochromatosis but declined liver biopsy and were classified as having clinically proven hemochromatosis; and 23 patients had a serum transferrin saturation of 55% or more with no identifiable cause, indicating probable hemochromatosis. The prevalence of clinically proven and biopsy-proven hemochromatosis combined was 4.5 per 1000 (95% CI, 3.3 to 5.8 per 1000) in the total sample and 5.4 per 1000 (CI, 4.0 to 7.1 per 1000) in white persons. The prevalence was higher in men than in women (ratio, 1.8:1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hemochromatosis is relatively common among white persons. Routine screening of white persons for hemochromatosis should be considered by primary care physicians.
authors.affiliation: Mary M. Gooley Hemophilia Center, Inc., Rochester General Hospital, and the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, New York 14621, USA.
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Phatak
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Sham
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Raubertas
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dunnigan
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: O'Leary
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Braggins
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Cappuccio
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D001706:Biopsy; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006432:Hemochromatosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D009518:New York / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D014168:Transferrin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014168:Transferrin