title: Prefrontal involvement in "temporal bridging" and timing movement.
abstract: Brain activity exclusively related to a temporal delay has rarely been investigated using modern brain imaging. In this study we exploited the temporal resolution of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to characterise, by sinusoidal regression analysis, differential neuroactivation patterns induced in healthy subjects by two sensorimotor synchronization tasks different in their premovement delay of either 0.6 s or 5 s. The short event rate condition required rhythmic tapping, while the long event rate condition required timing of intermittent movements. Left rostral prefrontal cortex, medial frontal cortex, SMA and supramarginal gyrus demonstrated increased MR signal intensity during low frequency synchronization, suggesting that these brain regions form a distributed neural network for cognitive time management processes, such as time estimation and motor output timing. Medial frontal cortex showed a biphasic pattern of response during both synchronization conditions, presumably reflecting frequency-independent motor output related attention. As predicted, sensorimotor and visual association areas demonstrated increased MR signal intensity during high frequency synchronization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK. @k.rubia.iop.bpmf.ac.uk
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rubia
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Overmeyer
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brammer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Simmons
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Andrew
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bullmore
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003344:Cortical Synchronization; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D013998:Time Perception / Q000502:physiology*