title: Histological, chemical, and crystallographic analysis of four calcium phosphate cements in different rabbit osseous sites.
abstract: Four calcium phosphate cement formulations were implanted in the rabbit distal femoral metaphysis and middiaphysis. Chemical, crystallographic, and histological analyses were made at 2, 4, and 8 weeks after implantation. When implanted into the metaphysis, part of the brushite cement was converted into carbonated apatite by 2 weeks. Some of the brushite cement was removed by mononuclear macrophages prior to its conversion into apatite. Osteoclastlike cell mediated remodeling was predominant at 8 weeks after brushite had converted to apatite. The same histological results were seen for brushite plus calcite aggregate cement, except with calcite aggregates still present at 8 weeks. However, when implanted in the diaphysis, brushite and brushite plus calcite aggregate did not convert to another calcium phosphate phase by 4 weeks. Carbonated apatite cement implanted in the metaphysis did not transform to another calcium phosphate phase. There was no evidence of adverse foreign body reaction. Osteoclastlike cell mediated remodeling was predominant at 8 weeks. The apatite plus calcite aggregate cement implanted in the metaphysis that was not remodeled remained as poorly crystalline apatite. Calcite aggregates were still present at 8 weeks. There was no evidence of foreign body reaction. Osteoclastlike cell remodeling was predominant at 8 weeks. Response to brushite cements prior to conversion to apatite was macrophage dominated, and response to apatite cements was osteoclast dominated. Mineralogy, chemical composition, and osseous implantation site of these calcium phosphates significantly affected their in vivo host response.
authors.affiliation: Norian Corporation, Cupertino, California 95014, USA.
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Constantz
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Barr
authors.forename: I C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Ison
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Fulmer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: McKinney
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gunasekaren
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Delaney
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Poser
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001031:Apatites / Q000737:chemistry; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000737:chemistry; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D003461:Crystallography; D005269:Femur / Q000502:physiology; D020007:Implants, Experimental; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D011817:Rabbits; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001031:Apatites; D001843:Bone Cements; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D002119:Calcium Carbonate; C494366:calcium phosphate, dibasic, dihydrate