title: A geographic relation between alcohol availability and gonorrhea rates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The availability of alcohol measured as alcohol outlet density is associated with numerous alcohol-related outcomes in small area analysis. A number of studies suggest that high-risk sexual behavior should also be considered an alcohol-related outcome.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the geographic relationship between alcohol availability and high-risk sexual behavior at the neighborhood level.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ecological analysis of the geographic relation between off-premise, on-premise, and total alcohol outlet density and reported gonorrhea rates among 155 urban residential census tracts in New Orleans during 1995.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All alcohol outlet density variables were positively related to gonorrhea rates. Off-premise outlets per square mile was most strongly related to gonorrhea rates (beta +/- SE) (beta = 0.582+/-0.073), accounting for 29% of the variance in gonorrhea rates. Interpreted as an elasticity, a 10% increase in off-sale alcohol outlet density accounts for a 5.8% increase in gonorrhea rates. Including the covariates percent black and percent unemployed to the model reduced but did not remove the effect of off-sale outlet density (beta = 0.192+/-0.047).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate there is a geographic relationship between alcohol outlet density and gonorrhea rates at the census tract level. Although these results cannot be interpreted causally, they do justify a public health intervention as a next step in defining the relation between alcohol availability and high-risk sexual behavior.
authors.affiliation: Louisiana State University, School of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, New Orleans 70112, USA.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Scribner
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Farley
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D006069:Gonorrhea / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008145:Louisiana / Q000453:epidemiology; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012725:Sexual Behavior