title: Reduction of NOS2 overexpression in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha monoclonal antibody (cA2).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have increased expression of nitric oxide synthase type 2 (NOS2) protein and enhanced formation of nitric oxide (NO) that correlate with disease activity. NO may play a role in the inflammation of RA. Treatment of RA patients with a chimeric monoclonal antibody against tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha; cA2) results in clinical improvement in the majority of patients. The present study was designed to determine if cA2 therapy decreases PBMC NOS2 protein expression and NOS enzyme activity in RA patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  RA patients receiving background oral methotrexate participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in which they were randomly assigned to receive a single infusion of either placebo or cA2 at 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg. NOS2 protein and NOS enzyme activity were measured in PBMC at baseline and 4 weeks following cA2 therapy. These results were compared with the degree of clinical change in disease activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, elevated levels of NOS2 protein and NOS enzyme activity were more frequently detected in PBMC from RA patients than in those from healthy controls. Treatment of the RA patients with cA2 significantly reduced NOS2 protein expression and NOS enzyme activity. Changes in NOS activity following treatment correlated significantly with changes in the number of tender joints.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that TNFalpha likely plays an important role in enhancing NOS2 expression in RA, and that the antiinflammatory effects of cA2 treatment may be mediated by a reduction of NO overproduction.
authors.affiliation: Veterans Affairs, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27705, USA.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Perkins
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: St Clair
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Misukonis
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Weinberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000069285:Infliximab; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000097:blood*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000069285:Infliximab; C496319:NOS2 protein, human; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II