title: Changes in the classification of carcinogenic chemicals in the work area. Section III of the German List of MAK and BAT Values.
abstract: Carcinogenic chemicals in the work area are currently classified into three categories in section III of the German List of MAK and BAT Values (list of values on maximum workplace concentrations and biological tolerance for occupational exposures). This classification is based on qualitative criteria and reflects essentially the weight of evidence available for judging the carcinogenic potential of the chemicals. It is proposed that these categories - IIIA1, IIIA2, IIIB - be retained as Categories 1, 2, and 3, to correspond with European Union regulations. On the basis of our advancing knowledge of reaction mechanisms and the potency of carcinogens, these three categories are supplemented with two additional categories. The essential feature of substances classified in the new categories is that exposure to these chemicals does not contribute significantly to risk of cancer to man, provided that an appropriate exposure limit (MAK value) is observed. Chemicals known to act typically by nongenotoxic mechanisms and for which information is available that allows evaluation of the effects of low-dose exposures, are classified in Category 4. Genotoxic chemicals for which low carcinogenic potency can be expected on the basis of dose-response relationships and toxicokinetics, and for which risk at low doses can be assessed are classified in Category 5. The basis for a better differentiation of carcinogens is discussed, the new categories are defined, and possible criteria for classification are described. Examples for Category 4 (1,4-dioxane) and Category 5 (styrene) are presented.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Toxicology and Pharmacology, University of Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vamvakas
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Thielmann
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Gelbke
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Filser
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Reuter
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Greim
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kappus
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Norpoth
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wardenbach
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Wichmann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000145:classification*; D004146:Dioxanes / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000145:classification; D005062:European Union; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008452:Maximum Allowable Concentration; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000145:classification*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D020058:Styrene / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000145:classification
chemical_list: D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental; D004146:Dioxanes; D020058:Styrene; C025223:1,4-dioxane