title: Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of intraperitoneal topotecan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the maximum tolerated dose and pharmacokinetics of topotecan when administered by the intraperitoneal route.
  
  
  METHODS
  A dose-escalating Phase I trial was conducted in which fifteen % of the total dose was given as an intraperitoneal bolus in two litres of D5W and the remainder was given as a continuous intraperitoneal infusion over 24 hours. Treatments were given every 21 days. Pharmacokinetic analyses were performed at the recommended phase II dose.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventeen patients received a total of 43 cycles at 21-day intervals. The maximum tolerated dose was 4 mg/m2 and acute dose-limiting toxicity was neutropenia. Other toxicities included leukopenia, anemia, emesis, fever, and abdominal pain. Although no objective responses were achieved, five of ten patients with ascites had a decrease in fluid accumulation with administration of intraperitoneal topotecan. The recommended phase II dose is 3 mg/m2. Pharmacokinetic analysis performed at a dose of 3 mg/m2 demonstrated that elimination from the peritoneal cavity followed second-order kinetics with k1 = 1.6 hr(-1), k2 = 0.3 hr(-1) and first and second-phase half-lives of 0.49 and 2.7 hours, respectively. Plasma pharmacokinetic behavior was best described by first-order kinetics with k = 0.5 hr(-1) and a half-life of 3.9 hours. The pharmacologic advantage, expressed as the peritoneal to plasma AUC ratio was 31.2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraperitoneal administration of topotecan at 3 mg/m2 results in a substantial increase in drug exposure for the peritoneal cavity without compromising systemic exposure; this may be beneficial for the treatment of patients with ovarian cancer or intraperitoneal carcinomatosis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of California, San Diego, 92103-8433, USA.
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Plaxe
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Christen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: O'Quigley
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Braly
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Freddo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: McClay
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Heath
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Howell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007263:Infusions, Parenteral; D008875:Middle Aged; D019772:Topotecan / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D019772:Topotecan