title: An upstream negative regulatory element in human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor promoter is recognised by AP1 family members.
abstract: Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a cytokine involved in haematopoiesis and host defence. Production of GM-CSF has been detected in tumour cells including the U87MG astrocytoma cell line. Previous studies have been focused on the regulatory role of the proximal region of the GM-CSF promoter. Our studies on the distal region of the promoter in U87MG cells identify a negative cis element (-1377/-1298) which contains a AP1-like site able to bind c-jun and c-fos transcription factors, according to the results of DNA/protein binding assays. Mutagenesis of the AP1-like site eliminates AP1 binding and the negative effect on promoter activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, University of Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gramigni
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Penco
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bianchi-Scarrà
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ravazzolo
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Garrè
mesh_terms: D000906:Antibodies; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D016384:Consensus Sequence; D018983:DNA Footprinting; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D009841:Oligonucleotides; D017354:Point Mutation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D009841:Oligonucleotides; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor