title: Locked nailing for displaced surgical neck fractures of the humerus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report experience with a newly devised humeral locked nail for treating surgical neck fractures of the humerus. This device has the advantages of a small diameter for minimal tissue trauma and transfixing locking screws for reliable fixation.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1993 to 1996, 21 consecutive severely displaced surgical neck fractures of the humerus were antegrade nailed with humeral locked nails; 2 fractures were associated with dislocation and 1 fracture was a comminuted metaphyseal fracture with a failed plating. The average age of patients was 65.8 years; average follow-up time was 19.2 months. The proximal screws were applied upward in 5 patients and downward in 16 patients. Static locking was performed in 8 patients, dynamic locking in 13 others.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average operation time was 55 minutes. No patients needed blood transfusion. All fractures eventually achieved union with an average time to union of 14.8 weeks. On the basis of Neer criteria for outcome analysis, excellent or satisfactory results were obtained for 86% of the patients (18 of 21 patients). No patients had deep infection, implant failure, malunion, osteonecrosis, or nail migration that interfered with joint motion. Due to technique errors, one patient had shoulder joint impingement caused by protrusion of the proximal nail tip.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The operative method reported here has the advantages of minimal tissue trauma, minimal hardware application, sufficient fixation, and easy operative technique, and it can be a worthy alternative for the treatment of severely displaced surgical neck fractures of the humerus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Hang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001858:Bone Nails; D005260:Female; D005594:Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D016268:Internal Fixators; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D012784:Shoulder Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome