title: Endovascular AAA exclusion: will stents with hooks and barbs prevent stent-graft migration?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate if stents with hooks and barbs will improve stent-graft fixation in the abdominal aorta.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen- to 24-mm-diameter Dacron grafts were deployed inside cadaveric aortas. The grafts were anchored by stents as in endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. One hundred thirty-seven stent-graft deployments were carried out with modified self-expanding Z-stents with (A) no hooks and barbs (n = 75), (B) 4 5-mm-long hooks and barbs (n = 39), (C) 8 10-mm-long, strengthened hooks and barbs (n = 19), or (D) hooks only (n = 4). Increasing longitudinal traction was applied to determine the displacement force needed to extract the stent-grafts. The radial force of the stents was measured and correlated to the displacement force.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median (interquartile range) displacement force needed to extract grafts anchored by stent A was 2.5 N (2.0 to 3.4), stent B 7.8 N (7.4 to 10.8), and stent C 22.5 N (17.1 to 27.9), p < 0.001. Both hooks and barbs added anchoring strength. During traction, the weaker barbs were distorted or caused intimal tears. The stronger barbs engaged the entire aortic wall. The radial force of the stents had no impact on fixation, while aortic calcification and graft oversizing had marginal effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stent barbs and hooks increased the fixation of stent-grafts tenfold, while the radial force of stents had no impact. These data may prove important in future endograft development to prevent stent-graft migration after aneurysm exclusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Sweden.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malina
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lindblad
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ivancev
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lindh
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Malina
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brunkwall
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000601:surgery*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation; D005548:Foreign-Body Migration / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D015607:Stents