title: Confirmatory platelet-activating factor receptor antagonist trial in patients with severe gram-negative bacterial sepsis: a phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. BN 52021 Sepsis Investigator Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the efficacy and safety of using natural platelet-activating factor receptor antagonist (PAFra), BN 52021, to treat patients with severe Gram-negative bacterial sepsis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-nine academic medical center intensive care units in Europe.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six hundred nine patients with severe sepsis, suspected to be related to Gram-negative bacterial infection, who received PAFra or placebo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomized to receive either a dose of PAFra (120 mg iv) every 12 hrs over a 4-day period or placebo over a 4-day period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients were well matched at study entry for severity of illness and for risk factors known to influence the outcome of sepsis. Among all randomized patients, the 28-day, all-cause mortality rate was 49% (152/308) in the placebo group, and 47% (140/300) in the PAFra group (p=.50). When analyzed on the basis of the previously defined target population, the 28-day, all-cause mortality rate was 50% (115/232) in the placebo group and 44% (94/212) in the PAFra group, yielding a 12% reduction in mortality rate (p=.29). In patients with documented infection involving other organisms, there was no difference between treated and placebo groups. When the outcomes of organ dysfunctions were examined in the overall population and in the documented Gram-negative bacterial infection population, the number of patients who resolved hepatic dysfunction tended to be higher in the treated group than in the placebo group (p=.06). The number of adverse events reported were not different between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A 4-day administration of the studied PAFra (BN 52021) failed to demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in the mortality rate of patients with severe sepsis suspected to be related to Gram-negative bacterial infection. If PAFra treatment has any therapeutic activity in severe Gram-negative bacterial sepsis, the incremental benefits are small and will be difficult to demonstrate in a patient population as defined by this clinical trial.
authors.affiliation: Medical Intensive Care Unit of Cochin Port-Royal University Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Dhainaut
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tenaillon
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hemmer
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Damas
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Le Tulzo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Radermacher
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Schaller
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Sollet
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wolff
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Holzapfel
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zeni
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Vedrinne
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de Vathaire
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Gourlay
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Guinot
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Mira
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004224:Diterpenes; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D046934:Ginkgolides; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D007783:Lactones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018805:Sepsis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D004224:Diterpenes; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D046934:Ginkgolides; D007783:Lactones; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor; C045856:ginkgolide B