title: Potential use of FDG-PET scan after induction chemotherapy in surgically staged IIIa-N2 non-small-cell lung cancer: a prospective pilot study. The Leuven Lung Cancer Group.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clearance of viable tumour cells in mediastinal lymph nodes (MLN) by induction chemotherapy (IC)--so-called MLN downstaging--is an important aspect of combined-modality treatment of N2-NSCLC. Reassessment of MLN after IC by CT is far from accurate, while re-mediastinoscopy is often technically difficult. Based on our previous results with FDG-PET in the initial staging of N2 disease, we investigated whether PET after IC could be helpful in predicting MLN downstaging and therapeutic outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients underwent a first PET before IC. After three cycles of platinum-based IC, a second PET was performed before locoregional therapy, either surgery or radiotherapy. PET results were correlated with pathology of the MLN when available, and with survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen surgically staged N2-NSCLC patients were prospectively included. Locoregional therapy after IC consisted of surgery in nine and radiotherapy in six. Correlation with pathology of the nine resection specimens revealed that the accuracy of PET in predicting MLN downstaging was 100% (six true negatives; three true positives), whereas for CT it was only 67% (two false pos; one false neg). Reassessment with PET after IC was correlated with the outcome after the entire combined modality treatment. Survival was significantly better in patients with mediastinal clearance (P = 0.01) or with a greater than 50% decrease in the Standardised Uptake Value (SUV) of the primary tumour (P = 0.03) after IC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mediastinal PET after IC accurately assesses pathologic MLN downstaging in N2-NSCLC. The data suggest a possible correlation of early survival with mediastinal clearance and an important decrease of SUV in the primary tumour. Confirmation of these preliminary findings would establish PET as a useful non-invasive tool to select patients for intensive locoregional treatment after IC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonology/Respiratory Oncology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Catholic Univesity Leuven, Belgium. johan.vansteenkiste@uz.kuleuven.ac.be
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Vansteenkiste
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Stroobants
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: De Leyn
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Dupont
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Verbeken
mesh_terms: D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18