title: Subacute combined degeneration: clinical, electrophysiological, and magnetic resonance imaging findings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vitamin B12 deficiency is a systemic disease that often affects the nervous system. One of the most prevalent manifestations is subacute combined degeneration (SCD) of the spinal cord. To access the clinical, electrophysiological, and structural abnormalities associated with SCD, a study was conducted in nine patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical, electrophysiological (electroneurography, somatosensory and motor evoked potentials), and MRI evaluations were performed in patients before and after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most prominent clinical and electrophysiological findings in all patients were dysfunctions of the posterior column. Corresponding hyperintense lesions in the posterior column of the spinal cord were found in two patients by T2 weighted MRI. Damage to the central motor pathway was identified in four patients. Demyelinating neuropathy was present in one patient and axonal neuropathy in four. All patients showed improvement of their symptoms after treatment with cobalamin. Abnormalities of the spinal cord on MRI disappeared early in recovery. Motor evoked potentials and median somatosensory evoked potentials typically normalised after treatment, whereas tibial somatosensory evoked potentials remained abnormal in most patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical, electrophysiological, and MRI findings associated with SCD in vitamin B12 deficiency are diverse. Thus vitamin B12 deficiency should be considered in the differential diagnosis of all spinal cord, peripheral nerve, and neuropsychiatric disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hemmer
authors.forename: F X
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Glocker
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schumacher
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Deuschl
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lücking
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001369:Axons / Q000473:pathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor; D005073:Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009410:Nerve Degeneration; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013118:Spinal Cord Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D013979:Tibial Nerve / Q000473:pathology; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014806:Vitamin B 12 Deficiency / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D014805:Vitamin B 12