title: Metabolic adaptation to experimentally increased glucose demand in ruminants.
abstract: Four Dorset wethers were studied in a Latin square design with 72-h periods to determine the metabolic adaptations that occur in support of increased glucose demand in ruminants. Wethers injected at 8-h intervals with excipient or a total of .5, 1.0, or 2.0 g/d of phlorizin excreted an average of 0, 72.7, 97.9, and 98.5 g/d of glucose into the urine, respectively. Both acute (2 to 24 h after the first injection) and chronic (8-h intervals from 8 to 72 h after the first injection) adaptations of plasma variables to phlorizin treatment were assessed. Concentrations of plasma glucose decreased linearly with increasing phlorizin dose during the 1st 24 h of treatment and tended to decrease linearly with phlorizin dose during 8 to 72 h of treatment. Urea N tended to increase linearly during 2 to 24 h and increased linearly during 8 to 72 h. Nonesterified fatty acids increased linearly with phlorizin injection during the entire treatment period. beta-Hydroxybutyrate increased quadratically with phlorizin injection during 2 to 24 h and tended to increase quadratically during 8 to 72 h. The ratio of insulin to glucagon tended to decrease linearly with phlorizin injection during the 1st 24 h but was unaffected from 8 to 72 h. Triiodothyronine, but not thyroxine, tended to decrease linearly with phlorizin injection during 8 to 72 h. Cortisol was not affected by treatment. Digestibilities of energy and N were not affected by treatment. Urinary energy excretion increased with phlorizin injection in proportion to the amounts of glucose excreted into the urine. These data indicate that phlorizin-treated wethers largely adapted to phlorizin treatment by 24 h after the first injection and are a suitable model for further investigations of hepatic adaptation to increased glucose demand in ruminants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA.
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Overton
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Drackley
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Ottemann-Abbamonte
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Beaulieu
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Clark
mesh_terms: D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood; D005943:Gluconeogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006029:Glycosuria / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary*; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010695:Phlorhizin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D012756:Sheep / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D005934:Glucagon; D010695:Phlorhizin; D005947:Glucose; D013974:Thyroxine; D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; D006854:Hydrocortisone