title: Failure to demonstrate parent-of-origin effect in transmission of bipolar II disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Parent-of-origin effect (POE) is suggested in transmission of bipolar disorder. Bipolar II disorder (BPII) should be considered separately.
  
  
  METHODS
  The gender difference of transmitting parents, prevalence rate in children, and age at onset of patients in relation to the sex of the transmitting parent, were examined in 220 BPII patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No evidence suggesting involvement of POE was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  POE is not involved in transmission of BPII.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Number of subjects is not sufficient. Rate of interviewed subjects differs between mothers and fathers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Female BPII patients do not transmit the disease more often than male patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City 52242-1000, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Winokur
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Coryell
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Endicott
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Akiskal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000235:genetics*; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010375:Pedigree; D015995:Prevalence; D012737:Sex Factors