title: Long term outcome of treated congenital/infantile esotropia: does early surgical binocular alignment restoring (subnormal) binocular vision guarantee stability?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To answer this important outcome question.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of a series of 60 qualified cases of congenital/infantile esotropia surgically binocularly "aligned" (= orthotropia +/- 8 PD) before 30 months of age and showing at one postoperative examination date at least some degree of (subnormal) binocular vision. Every patient was monitored over a very long postoperative followup period (mean 14.7 +/- 3.7 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Early binocular alignment with some binocular cooperation does not guarantee a stable outcome. However, even though the final percentage of patients losing "alignment" is similar to that observed in other non-qualified series of "aligned" congenital/infantile esotropias, the loss of "alignment" takes place at a much later age, if some binocular cooperation was present at some time in the past.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For congenital/infantile esotropia, achieving, at an early age, binocular "alignment" with some degree of binocular vision delays the loss of "alignment" and seems to reduce the chance of developing oblique muscle overactions.
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmology Institute, La Plata, Argentina.jprietodtlink.com
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Prieto-Diaz
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Prieto-Diaz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000550:Amblyopia / Q000209:etiology; D004948:Esotropia / Q000151:congenital* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012008:Recurrence; D012029:Refraction, Ocular; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015348:Vision, Binocular