title: Optimization of sacral ventral root stimulation following SCI: two case reports with six-month follow-up.
abstract: Sacral ventral root stimulation in conjunction with sacral dorsal rhizotomy has been effective in promoting voiding in individuals with upper-motor-neuron spinal cord injury. We report on two patients who had variable voiding responses to stimulation during the first six months after electrode implantation. We used videourodynamic records and daily voiding records to characterize their voiding difficulties. Different methods were used to improve voiding, including seating adjustments and changes in stimulation parameters. The first patient was unable to empty his bladder on a regular basis with stimulation using 24 pulses per sec stimulating frequency for the first two months after implantation. Voiding was substantially improved by using 35 pulses per sec. At the end of six months, he is regularly emptying his bladder with stimulation and is on an every-second-day bowel program. However, his bowel program has been irregular. The second patient had very good voiding when stimulation was applied in bed, but he had poor voiding with high residual volumes when sitting in his wheelchair. Voiding was improved when he used a wheelchair cushion that was cut out in the back or lifted his buttocks off the chair. These procedures appeared to reduce perineal pressures. This patient has bowel care on alternate days and his bowel care time has been reduced following implantation of the device. Neither of the patients experienced an erection with the device. Both patients feel positive about their implant experience.
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation Research and Development Center, Edward Hines, Jr., Veterans Affairs Hospital, Hines, IL 60141, USA.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Wheeler
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Creasey
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chintam
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Riedy
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bruninga
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nemchausky
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004867:Equipment Design; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007422:Intestines / Q000294:innervation; D007796:Laminectomy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019051:Rhizotomy; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D013126:Spinal Nerve Roots / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000294:innervation; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000502:physiology