title: Prevention of thromboembolism with ticlopidine shortly after valve repair or replacement with a bioprosthesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the efficacy of postoperative ticlopidine as antiplatelet therapy in patients shortly after heart valve repair or replacement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1990 and 1995, 235 consecutive patients underwent either valve repair (n = 67) or replacement with a bioprosthesis (n = 168). The bioprostheses used were Carpentier-Edwards porcine or pericardial (n = 158) valves, Prima stentless valves (n = 3) and cryopreserved homografts (n = 7). Types of repair were aortic (one), mitral annuloplasty with Carpentier ring (65) and tricuspid repair (one). Mean patient age was 67 (range: 16 to 83) years for valve replacement and 57 (range: 32 to 74) years for repair (p < 0.01). Atrial fibrillation occurred in 34% of patients. The hospital mortality rate was 11% (26 patients). Of the 209 survivors, 137 were assigned to antiplatelet treatment with ticlopidine for the first three months of follow up. The other 72 received either oral anticoagulation (coumadin; n = 40), aspirin (n = 14) or no medication (n = 18). In 15 patients, ticlopidine treatment was interrupted due to diarrhea (13 cases), mild allergic reaction (one) or anemia (one). The mean follow up was 3.2 years (range: 1 month to 6 years); cumulative follow up was 684 patient-years (pt-yr) and was complete in 96% of cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were two episodes of thromboembolism in the ticlopidine group at 1 month and 6 months respectively, with a linearized incidence of 0.5% pt-yr. In the coumadin group there were four episodes of thromboembolism, three within the first three months of follow up. The linearized incidence was 3% pt-yr (p < 0.01). There were three episodes of hemorrhage in the ticlopidine group in the first three months of follow up and one in the coumadin group. The linearized incidence was 0.75% pt-yr.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Following heart valve repair or replacement with a bioprosthesis, the first three months is a high-risk period for thromboembolism. Ticlopidine seems to prevent this complication better than conventional therapy with oral anticoagulants. Nevertheless, hemorrhage continues to be a problem with ticlopidine therapy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital de Cruces, Baracaldo, Spain.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Aramendi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Agredo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Llorente
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Larrarte
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pijoan
mesh_terms: D001021:Aortic Valve; D001705:Bioprosthesis; D005260:Female; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014261:Tricuspid Valve
chemical_list: D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D013988:Ticlopidine