title: Analysis of immunoregulatory cytokines in ocular fluid samples from patients with uveitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the T-helper cell cytokine profiles in two well-defined clinical uveitis entities caused by an infectious mechanism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cytokines (interleukin [IL]-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and interferon [IFN]-gamma) were measured in ocular fluid samples obtained from patients with herpes simplex- or varicella-zoster virus-induced acute retinal necrosis (ARN; n = 17) and toxoplasma chorioretinitis (n = 27) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques. The data were compared with data for 51 control samples taken during cataract surgery (n = 10), vitrectomy in diabetic retinopathy (n = 10), eye bank eyes (n = 10) and with samples from patients with "autoimmune" uveitis (n = 21).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interleukin-6 was detected in 44 of 51 control samples and 43 of 44 eyes of patients with uveitis. The highest levels in the control samples were detected in 9 of 10 vitreous samples from patients with diabetic retinopathy (mean, 648 pg/ml). In 8 of 10 samples taken from patients during cataract surgery and in 7 of 10 eye bank eyes the amount of IL-6 was significantly lower (mean, 10 pg/ml and 136 pg/ml, respectively). Interleukin-6 levels in patients with ARN (mean, 1436 pg/ml) were significantly higher than in those with toxoplasma chorioretinitis (mean, 272 pg/ml). Interleukin-2 was detected in one of the samples from patients with toxoplasma chorioretinitis (1105 pg/ml) and in three samples from the control subjects suffering from Fuchs' heterochromic anterior uveitis (mean, 752 pg/ml). No IL-4 (<2 pg/ml) was detected either in patient or control samples. Interferon-gamma could be detected in 7 of 17 ARN patients (range, 277-3483 pg/ml), in 13 of 27 samples from patients with toxoplasma chorioretinitis (range, 12-250 pg/ml), and in 1 of 21 of the samples from control subjects with uveitis (31 pg/ml) but was absent in nonuveitic control samples. Interleukin-10 was detected in 10 of 17 ARN patients (range, 29-3927 pg/ml), in 13 of 27 samples from patients with toxoplasma chorioretinitis (range, 4-67 pg/ml), and in only 3 of 51 control samples (6 pg/ml, 16 pg/ml, and 20 pg/ml).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Various immunoregulatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-gamma) were detected in ocular fluid samples from patients with uveitis. A separate role for either a T-helper type 1 or T-helper type 2 response in the pathogenesis of clinical uveitis could not be proven.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Ongkosuwito
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Feron
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: van Doornik
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Van der Lelij
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Hoyng
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: La Heij
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kijlstra
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000032:analysis; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002387:Cataract Extraction; D002825:Chorioretinitis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000032:analysis; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D006563:Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014645:Herpesvirus 3, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D015882:Retinal Necrosis Syndrome, Acute / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014126:Toxoplasmosis, Ocular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000469:parasitology; D014605:Uveitis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D016207:Cytokines; D016054:DNA, Protozoan; D004279:DNA, Viral