title: Cytochrome P4501A1 and glutathione S-transferase M1 genotypes as risk factors for prostate cancer in Japan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The p53 mutation spectrum of prostate cancers developing in Japan indicates a role for environmental factors. This suggests there might be differences in susceptibility due to genetic polymorphisms in metabolic activation enzyme genes. We analyzed genetic polymorphisms of the xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, CYP1A1 and GSTM1.
  
  
  METHODS
  Genotyping of CYP1A1 and GSTM1 was investigated by using allele-specific PCR in 115 prostate cancer (PCa) patients and 204 control patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CYP1A1 Val/Val genotype significantly increased the risk for PCa (OR = 2.6; 95% CI = 1.11-6.25) and the Ile/Val genotype showed a similar tendency (OR = 1.4; CI = 0.86-2.29). Individuals with the GSTM1 (0/0) genotype demonstrated a slightly increased risk (OR = 1.3; CI = 0.82-2.04). The combination of the CYP1A1 Val allele and GSTM1 (0/0) genotype was associated with a higher risk (OR = 2.3; CI = 1.18-4.48) than the CYP1A1 Val allele alone. When cases were analyzed by age at initial diagnosis, the relative risks with both the CYP1A1 Val allele and the GSTM1 (0/0) genotype were higher in the young group than in the old group (CYP1A1; OR = 1.7, CI = 0.89-3.17: GSTM1; OR = 1.6, CI = 0.84-2.99). The frequency of the GSTM1 (0/0) genotype was also higher in patients with advanced stage disease. In stage D, the OR was 1.7 with a CI of 0.93-3.17 and in stages A and B, the OR was 0.8 with a CI of 0.40-1.62.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that CYP1A1 and GSTM1 polymorphisms are linked to a propensity for PCa development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Mie University School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan. muratama@doc.medic.mie-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shiraishi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukutome
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagao
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yatani
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; D005982:Glutathione Transferase