title: Complete resection is not required in patients with neuroblastoma under 1 year of age.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The prognosis of neuroblastoma (NB) patients when detected before 1 year of age is excellent, particularly in patients whose disease is detected by screening. In some institutions patients with stage I or II NB detected by screening have been observed closely without any treatment. Most showed tumor regression or maturation and are surviving without tumor resection. Resection of infantile NB sometimes is complicated by vascular accidents resulting in vanishing kidney or intestinal infarction. The role of surgery in the treatment of infantile NB therefore is becoming controversial. The authors have treated infants who have easily resectable primary tumors with resection and sampling for lymph node metastases. If the resection of the primary tumor seemed difficult, only biopsy was performed initially followed by chemotherapy with or without resection. The authors analyzed the clinical outcome of the infantile NB in their institution to elucidate the role of surgery in this particular group of patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six patients less than 12 months of age were treated between 1982 and 1997. Twenty-five patients who showed no symptoms had NB detected by screening at 6 months. Five patients had stage IVS disease in early infancy. No patients had bone or remote lymph node metastases. N-mycamplification was not detected in any of the 28 tumors examined. There were four diploid and 12 near-triploid tumors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete resection was possible in 13 stage I and II patients without any complications. Obvious lymph node metastases were not resected in 13 patients with stage II or III NB. Partial resection leaving gross residual disease was accomplished in three patients with stage III NB. Surgical resection was not attempted in four patients because of unresectability in three patients with stage III or IVS disease and because of marked tumor shrinkage after a short course of chemotherapy in one patient with stage III NB involving the celiac axis. A neonatal cervicomediastinal stage III NB recurred very rapidly after partial resection but started to regress spontaneously 2 months postoperatively. Another neonatal stage II cervical NB progressed to stage IVS with hepatomegaly causing respiratory distress but regressed spontaneously. All the patients are alive and disease free without surgical morbidity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All of the 21 patients who underwent partial tumor resection with or without chemotherapy are alive and doing well without tumor, indicating that complete resection is not required in this particular group of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwakawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikebukuro
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohkawa
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008479:Mediastinal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009365:Neoplasm Regression, Spontaneous; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000379:methods; D015996:Survival Rate; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents