title: A model for improving medication use in home health care patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  (1) To develop a model for the identification and resolution of problems associated with suboptimal medication use in elderly patients receiving home health care; (2) To select the most important identifiable problems and develop structured procedures for their resolution.
  
  
  METHODS
  Expert panel review, problem selection, and development of a problem resolution model and guidelines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Home health care.
  
  
  METHODS
  A panel with expertise in home health nursing, pharmacy, clinical pharmacology, gerontology, pharmacoepidemiology, and health services research.
  
  
  METHODS
  A list of potential problems associated with the most frequently used classes of drugs was compiled for review by the panel. Problems that were controversial or that could not be identified in the home care setting were excluded. Panel members individually ranked the remainder. Detailed procedures for identification and resolution of the 15 top-ranking problems were developed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Potential medication problems were defined by both drug use and symptoms or clinical signs associated with specific adverse effects, to ensure that clinically relevant problems would be identified. The model developed for problem assessment and resolution was centered on the drug utilization review (DUR) coordinator and the attending home health nurse. Following guidelines developed by the panel, the DUR coordinator advises the home health nurse about identified problems and how to resolve them. One of these practitioners, usually the nurse, then contacts the attending physician to explain their concerns, offer potential solutions, and request instructions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A potentially useful model for the identification and resolution of medication problems in the home health care setting was developed. This model is currently being evaluated in a randomized controlled trial.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn. 37232-2637, USA.
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meredith
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Beers
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marren
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Robles
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stergachis
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Avorn
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006701:Home Nursing / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010593:Pharmaceutical Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D014481:United States