title: Induction of SLPI (ALP/HUSI-I) in epidermal keratinocytes.
abstract: Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) is a small, cationic protein that is known to be constitutively expressed by several glandular epithelia. SLPI inhibits leukocyte-derived proteinases, has anti-HIV-1, antibacterial, and anti-fungal properties, and interferes with the induction of synthesis of proinflammatory mediators in monocytes and macrophages. We now report that at both the mRNA and the protein level, SLPI shows inducible expression in a nonglandular epithelium. A weak expression of SLPI was found in the stratum granulosum of adult normal human epidermis; however, in lesional psoriatic epidermis and in migrating keratinocytes of healing wounds, a strong cytoplasmic staining was seen in the suprabasal keratinocytes. Remarkably, in the dermis adjacent to SLPI-expressing keratinocytes, SLPI was found extracellularly associated with elastin fibers, whereas the dermis in normal skin was negative. In cell culture, SLPI was hardly expressed in monolayers of proliferating keratinocytes. Differentiating cultures with a phenotype of normal skin expressed low levels of SLPI, whereas cultures with a regenerative/psoriatic phenotype expressed high levels. Functional studies with recombinant SLPI indicated that its antibacterial spectrum and potency are distinct from other anti-microbial peptides such as lysozyme and defensins. In view of the multiple functions of SLPI and the inducibility, we propose that it acts as an important first line defence mechanism in cutaneous injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wingens
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: van Bergen
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Hiemstra
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Meis
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: van Vlijmen-Willems
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Zeeuwen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mulder
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Kramps
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: van Ruissen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schalkwijk
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000032:analysis; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002455:Cell Division; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000078404:Epidermal Cells; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D053491:Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory; D011506:Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D011565:Psoriasis / Q000503:physiopathology; D053481:Secretory Leukocyte Peptidase Inhibitor; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012867:Skin / Q000276:immunology / Q000293:injuries; D015854:Up-Regulation; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D053491:Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory; D011506:Proteins; C506814:SLPI protein, human; D053481:Secretory Leukocyte Peptidase Inhibitor; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors