title: Synthesis and anti-HIV activity of some novel chain-extended phosphoramidate derivatives of d4T (stavudine): esterase hydrolysis as a rapid predictive test for antiviral potency.
abstract: Novel chain-extended nucleoside phosphoramidates of the anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drug d4T (stavudine) have been prepared as possible membrane-permeable prodrugs of the bio-active free 5'-monophosphates. Phosphorochloridate chemistry gave the target compounds in moderate to high yields, and all materials were fully characterized by spectroscopic and analytical methods. The compounds are related to the previously reported phenyl methoxyalaninyl derivative of d4T, which was shown to be a potent and selective inhibitor of HIV. In this study the amino acid nitrogen and ester moieties were separated by methylene spacers of between two and six carbon atoms. In vitro evaluation of these compounds indicated an almost complete lack of anti-HIV activity, the compounds being several orders of magnitude less potent than the corresponding alpha-amino acid derivatives. The reasons for the virtual lack of anti-HIV activity appear to involve poor enzyme-mediated hydrolysis.
authors.affiliation: Welsh School of Pharmacy, University of Wales Cardiff, UK. mcguigan@cardiff.ac.uk
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McGuigan
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Tsang
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Sutton
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De Clercq
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Balzarini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D004950:Esterases / Q000378:metabolism*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D018119:Stavudine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D018119:Stavudine; D004950:Esterases