title: New methods for inactivation of lipid-enveloped and non-enveloped viruses.
abstract: Two new methods are described for inactivating lipid-enveloped and non-enveloped viruses in plasma-derived products such as coagulation factors and intravenous immunoglobulin (IGIV). Iodine/Sephadex delivers iodine to IGIV solutions in a slow, controlled way and allows for inactivation of > or = 4 logs of porcine parvovirus (PPV), a hardy non-enveloped virus, under conditions which do not measurably damage the structural or functional properties of the IGIV, and with essentially no iodination of the protein. All detectable enveloped and non-enveloped viruses were inactivated by this treatment. Gamma irradiation has been successfully used to inactivate viruses at the final vial stage in freeze-dried plasma proteins. Four logs of PPV were inactivated by irradiation in the presence of fibrinogen, factor VIII and alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (API) at doses of 23, 28 and 30 kiloGray (kGy) respectively, while retaining 93% of fibrinogen solubility, 67% of factor VIII activity and over 80% of API activity. Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a lipid-enveloped model for hepatitis C virus, was completely inactivated by radiation doses of 20-30 kGy in these products. Gamma irradiation was less effective in inactivating viruses in freeze-dried IGIV.
authors.affiliation: Jerome H. Holland Laboratory, American Red Cross, Rockville, MD 20855, USA.
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Miekka
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Busby
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pollock
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ralston
authors.forename: W N
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Drohan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002213:Capsid; D002417:Cattle; D004340:Drug Contamination; D006801:Humans; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017053:Infection Control; D007455:Iodine; D008055:Lipids; D014780:Viruses / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; D008055:Lipids; D007455:Iodine