title: Neuropathic bladder dysfunction in patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) may cause neuropathic bladder dysfunction due to spinal cord involvement. OPLL, unlike a traumatic spinal cord lesion, progresses insidiously and sometimes affects longer cord segments. As the manifestation of bladder dysfunction may depend on the development of OPLL, we studied the relationship between bladder function and roentgenographic changes in the spinal canals of OPLL patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen surgical candidates (11 males and 7 females, 34 to 85 years old) were studied urodynamically. Sixteen underwent CO2-filling cystometry, uroflowmetry and measurement of their residual urine volume. Cystometry was omitted in the remaining 2 patients. The vertical extent of OPLL and the degree of stenosis in the spinal canal was estimated by x-ray films and CT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cystometric study revealed detrusor hyperreflexia in 2 patients and areflexic or underactive detrusors in 5 patients. Intermittent flows or considerable amounts of residual urine were also observed in the arefilexia/underactive group. Uroflowmetry showed a normal flow with little residual urine in both patients in whom cystometry was omitted. Bladder sensation was maintained in all patients. The occurrence of abnormal detrusor activity had no relationship to the degree of canal stenosis, while the occurrence of an areflexic or underactive detrusor correlated with the vertical extent of OPLL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although detrusor hyperreflexia is common in an upper spinal cord lesion, attention should also be paid to the development of detrusor underactivity in patients with a wide vertical extent of OPLL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Asahikawa Medical College, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyata
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mizunaga
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yachiku
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Atsuta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017887:Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011859:Radiography; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014554:Urination