title: Preparation of the apical part of the root canal by the Lightspeed and step-back techniques.
abstract: This study measured in vitro the displacement of natural canal centres in 18 human teeth before and after shaping by the step-back or Lightspeed techniques. Experimental roots (n = 9 per group), embedded in clear plastic, were cross-sectioned using a 0.1-mm-thick band saw at distances 1.25 mm, 3.25 mm and 5.25 mm from the apices. A stereo microscope was used to take 35 mm slides of the cut surfaces of the sectioned roots and canals. The slides of the uninstrumented canals were scanned into a computer and saved. Each sectioned root was then reassembled and the canals shaped by the step-back or Lightspeed technique. File size 40 and instrument size 50 were selected as the master apical file and master apical rotary for the step-back and Lightspeed groups, respectively. The 18 prepared canals were photographed, and the 35 mm slides scanned and computer stored as previously. This allowed the positions of the pre- and postinstrumented roots to be electronically superimposed for subsequent analyses. Displacements of the root canal centres before and after preparation were assessed in relation to the cross-sectional diameter of the files or instruments used. In addition, increases in cross-sectional area of the root canals after preparation were evaluated in relation to the cross-sectional area of the files or instruments used. Engine-driven nickel-titanium Lightspeed instruments caused significantly less (P < 0.001) displacement of the canal centres, so roots in the Lightspeed group remained better centred than those in the step-back group. The mean cross-sectional area after preparation in the Lightspeed group was significantly less (P < 0.001) than that recorded in the step-back group. Clinically, this implies less apical transportation and less dentine destruction with the Lightspeed technique than with the step-back technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, School of Dentistry, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Portenier
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lutz
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barbakow
mesh_terms: D003762:Dental Instruments; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D019227:Tooth Apex