title: Detection of micrometastases in histologically negative lymph nodes in esophageal cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  New molecular techniques may identify micrometastases in histologically negative lymph nodes and have an impact on the staging of esophageal cancer. We investigated the role of the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay to identify micrometastases in esophageal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The RT-PCR assay to detect carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) was performed on lymph nodes from patients with esophageal cancer and benign esophageal disorders. The presence of CEA mRNA in lymph nodes was considered evidence of metastases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histopathologic study revealed metastases in 50 (41%) of 123 lymph nodes from 30 patients with esophageal cancer. All histologically positive lymph nodes contained CEA mRNA by RT-PCR. Of 73 histologically negative lymph nodes, 36 (49%) contained CEA mRNA, a significant increase compared with the histopathologic diagnosis (p < 0.001). Lymph nodes in patients with benign disease contained no CEA mRNA. In 10 patients, histologic stage was NO. Five of them were also negative by RT-PCR, and all are alive with only one recurrence. In the remaining 5 patients, RT-PCR was positive for occult lymph node metastases; 2 have died of disease, and 1 is alive with recurrent disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with esophageal cancer, RT-PCR detects more lymph node metastases than does histopathology. Initial follow-up suggests a positive RT-PCR with negative histologic findings may have poor prognostic implications. Further studies will be needed to confirm any clinical implications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania, USA. luketich@pittsurg.nb.upmc.edu
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Luketich
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Kassis
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Shriver
authors.forename: N T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Schauer
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Weigel
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Yousem
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Siegfried
mesh_terms: D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000235:genetics*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011379:Prognosis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; D012333:RNA, Messenger