title: Divalent cation permeability and blockade of Ca2+-permeant non-selective cation channels in rat adrenal zona glomerulosa cells.
abstract: 1. The effects of the divalent cations Ca2+, Mg2+ and Ni2+ on unitary Na+ currents through receptor-regulated non-selective cation channels were studied in inside-out and cell-attached patches from rat adrenal zona glomerulosa cells. 2. External Ca2+ caused a concentration-dependent and voltage-independent inhibition of inward Na+ current, exhibiting an IC50 of 1.4 mM. The channel was also Ca2+ permeant and external Ca2+ shifted the reversal potential as expected for a channel exhibiting a constant Ca2+ : Na+ permeability ratio near to 4. 3. External and internal 2 mM Mg2+ caused voltage-dependent inhibition of inward and outward Na+ current, respectively. Modelling Mg2+ as an impermeant fast open channel blocker indicated that external Mg2+ blocked the pore at a single site exhibiting a zero voltage Kd of 5.1 mM for Mg2+ and located 19 % of the distance through the transmembrane electric field from the external surface. Internal Mg2+ blocked the pore at a second site exhibiting a Kd of 1.7 mM for Mg2+ and located 36% of the distance through the transmembrane electric field from the cytosolic surface. 4. External Ni2+ caused a voltage- and concentration-dependent slow blockade of inward Na+ current. Modelling Ni2+ as an impermeant slow open channel blocker indicated that Ni2+ blocked the pore at a single site exhibiting a Kd of 1.09 mM for Ni2+ and located 13.7% of the distance through the transmembrane electric field from the external surface. 5. External 2 mM Mg2+ increased the Kd for external Ni2+ binding to 1.27 mM, consistent with competition for a single binding site. Changing ionic strength did not substantially affect Ni2+ blockade indicating the absence of surface potential under physiological ionic conditions. 6. It is concluded that at least two divalent cation binding sites, separated by a high free energy barrier (the selectivity filter), are located in the pore and contribute to Ca2+ selectivity and permeability of the channel.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA. dlotshaw@niu.edu
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Lotshaw
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Sheehan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002413:Cations, Divalent / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000502:physiology; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D008274:Magnesium / Q000494:pharmacology; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009532:Nickel / Q000494:pharmacology; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D051381:Rats; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D015222:Sodium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D015384:Zona Glomerulosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002413:Cations, Divalent; D015222:Sodium Channels; D009532:Nickel; D012964:Sodium; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium