title: Otoconin-90, the mammalian otoconial matrix protein, contains two domains of homology to secretory phospholipase A2.
abstract: The ability to sense orientation relative to gravity requires dense particles, called otoconia, which are localized in the vestibular macular organs. In mammals, otoconia are composed of proteins (otoconins) and calcium carbonate crystals in a calcite lattice. Little is known about the mechanisms that regulate otoconial biosynthesis. To begin to elucidate these mechanisms, we have partially sequenced and cloned the major protein component of murine otoconia, otoconin-90 (OC90). The amino acid sequence identified an orphan chimeric human cDNA. Because of its similarity to secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2), this gene was referred to as PLA2-like (PLA2L) and enabled the identification of human Oc90. Partial murine cDNA and genomic clones were isolated and shown to be specifically expressed in the developing mouse otocyst. The mature mouse OC90 is composed of 453 residues and contains two domains homologous to sPLA2. The cloning of Oc90 will allow an examination of the role of this protein in otoconial biosynthesis and in diseases that affect the vestibular system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Pharmacology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Kowalski
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Thalmann
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Ornitz
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Mager
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thalmann
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D015698:Genomic Library; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008322:Mammals; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010037:Otolithic Membrane / Q000502:physiology*; D010741:Phospholipases A / Q000737:chemistry*; D054467:Phospholipases A2; D051381:Rats; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; D014982:Xenopus laevis
chemical_list: D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D006023:Glycoproteins; C116608:OC90 protein, human; C512837:Oc90 protein, mouse; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; C081347:otocinin-22 protein, Xenopus; D010741:Phospholipases A; D054467:Phospholipases A2