title: Warm ischemic tolerance in collapsed pulmonary grafts is limited to 1 hour.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the length of warm ischemic tolerance in pulmonary grafts from non-heart-beating donors.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  If lungs could be retrieved for transplant after circulatory arrest, the shortage of donors might be significantly alleviated. Great concern, however, exists about the length of tolerable warm ischemia before cold preservation of pulmonary grafts retrieved from such non-heart-beating donors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors compared the influence of an increasing postmortem interval on graft function in an isolated, room air-ventilated rabbit lung model during blood reperfusion up to 4 hours. Four groups of cadavers (four animals per group) were studied. In group 1, lungs were immediately reperfused. In the other groups, cadavers with lungs deflated were left at room temperature for 1 hour (group 2), 2 hours (group 3), or 4 hours (group 4).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pulmonary vascular resistance was enhanced in all ischemic groups compared with the control group. An increase was noted with longer postmortem intervals in peak airway pressure and in weight gain. A concomitant decline was observed in the venoarterial oxygen pressure gradient caused by progressive edema formation, as reflected by the wet-to-dry weight ratio at the end of reperfusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Warm ischemia resulted in increased pulmonary vascular resistance. Graft function in lungs retrieved 1 hour after death was not significantly worse than in nonischemic lungs. Therefore, 60 minutes of warm ischemia with the lung collapsed may be tolerated before cold storage. Further studies are necessary to investigate whether lungs retrieved from non-heart-beating donors will become a realistic alternative for transplant.
authors.affiliation: Center for Experimental Surgery and Anesthesiology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Belgium. Dirk.Vanraemdonck@uz.kuleuven.ac.bc
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Van Raemdonck
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Jannis
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: De Leyn
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Flameng
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Lerut
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004487:Edema / Q000209:etiology; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006358:Hot Temperature; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000502:physiology; D011817:Rabbits; D015424:Reperfusion; D013997:Time Factors