title: Improved CD4 lymphocyte outgrowth in response to effective antiretroviral therapy.
abstract: CD4 lymphocyte regenerative capacity was evaluated by use of an ex vivo outgrowth assay in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-infected subjects enrolled in a clinical trial (Merck 039). CD4 lymphocytes were selectively expanded in vitro by T cell receptor triggering, which also induces HIV production from latently infected cells. CD4 cell expansion and lack of virus production in cultures correlated well with clinical responses and were best in those receiving an aggressive antiretroviral three-drug regimen. Twelve clinical responders receiving triple-drug therapy monitored for 60 weeks had both excellent ex vivo CD4 cell expansion and lack of HIV replication, often in the absence of added drug in culture. Breakthrough viruses recovered from drug-containing arms of the cultures showed phenotypic resistance to the drugs used in vivo. This CD4 lymphocyte outgrowth assay correlates well with clinical outcome in subjects receiving potent antiretroviral regimens and may predict the emergence of early drug resistance.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Disease Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Merrill
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martinez-Picado
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tremblay
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Sax
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Boswell
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: D'Aquila
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Hirsch
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D012367:RNA, Viral