title: A controlled trial of dapsone versus pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine for primary prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and toxoplasmosis in patients with AIDS.
abstract: Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) is the most common opportunistic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related infection, occurring in 85% of HIV infected patients without prophylaxis. Preventive treatment is required when CD4 cell count falls below 200 cells per cubic millimeter. Cotrimoxazole has been shown to be highly effective but alternative drug regimens are often necessary because of the frequent drug hypersensitivity exhibited by HIV infected patients. The aim of this prospective, open, randomized, one-site study, involving HIV-infected patients with a CD4 cell count below 200/mm3, or a percentage under 20%, randomly assigned to receive either dapsone 50 mg daily or Fansidar one tablet weekly, was to compare the efficacy and safety of these drugs in the primary prophylaxis of PCP. Both dapsone and Fansidar appear to be safe and effective alternative agents for the prevention of PCP. Their role in Toxoplasma gondii prophylaxis requires further evaluation.
authors.affiliation: CHU St Pierre, Division of Infectious Diseases, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Payen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Wit
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sommereijns
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Clumeck
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D003622:Dapsone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011020:Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011739:Pyrimethamine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013413:Sulfadoxine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014123:Toxoplasmosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; D013413:Sulfadoxine; D003622:Dapsone; D011739:Pyrimethamine