title: Treatment of AIDS-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with highly active antiretroviral therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in 12 patients with AIDS-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML).
  
  
  METHODS
  The diagnosis of PML was established by brain biopsy in six patients and by neuroimaging findings and PCR detection of JC virus in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in six patients. We also studied 13 consecutive AIDS patients with biopsy-proven PML cared for in the same institution before HAART was available. Eleven patients of the HAART group and eight patients of the control group received intravenous arabinoside cytosine cycles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With HAART, the median decrease in the HIV viral load was 3.58 log10 copies/ml and the median increase in the CD4 cell count was 74x10(6)/l. The median survival time after PML diagnosis was 545 days in the HAART group and 60 days in the control group (P<0.001, log-rank test). In the HAART group, the neurological deficits improved substantially in six patients and stabilized in six patients. Eleven patients underwent follow-up cranial computed tomography or magnetic resonance scan that showed improvement of PML lesions in 10 patients and stabilization in one patient. Follow-up CSF analysis showed clearance of JC virus in six out of seven patients who had an initial positive result.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that HAART may increase the survival, clinical status and radiological features of AIDS patients with PML. Clearance of JC virus from CSF has been found, suggesting that immune reconstitution can interrupt the JC virus lytic cycle.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Microbiología y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Miralles
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Berenguer
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: García de Viedma
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Padilla
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cosin
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: López-Bernaldo de Quirós
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bouza
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007968:Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D012886:Skull / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents