title: A single nucleotide polymorphism in the matrix metalloproteinase-1 promoter creates an Ets binding site and augments transcription.
abstract: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) facilitate cellular invasion by degrading the extracellular matrix, and their regulation is partially dependent on transcription. Binding sites for members of the Ets family of transcription factors are present within MMP promoters and are potent positive regulators. We report a single nucleotide polymorphism at -1607 bp in the MMP-1 promoter, where an additional guanine (G) creates an Ets binding site, 5'-GGA-3'. This polymorphism displays significantly higher transcription in normal fibroblasts and in melanoma cells than the 1 G polymorphism, and it binds substantially more nuclear extract and recombinant ETS-1. Analysis of control DNAs from the Center d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain pedigrees reveals that this polymorphism is not a mutation, with a frequency of the 2 G polymorphism at 30%. In contrast, in eight tumor cell lines, this frequency increased to 62.5% (P < 0.0001). Thus, this MMP-1 polymorphism contributes to increased transcription, and cells expressing the 2 G polymorphism may provide a mechanism for more aggressive matrix degradation, thereby facilitating cancer progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Rutter
authors.forename: T I
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Butticè
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meyers
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Gusella
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Ozelius
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Brinckerhoff
mesh_terms: D001665:Binding Sites; D017364:Collagenases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D016384:Consensus Sequence; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000201:enzymology; D006147:Guanine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1; D008545:Melanoma / Q000201:enzymology; D009711:Nucleotides / Q000235:genetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D050784:Proto-Oncogene Protein c-ets-1; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D050783:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000378:metabolism; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; C494041:ETS1 protein, human; D009711:Nucleotides; D050784:Proto-Oncogene Protein c-ets-1; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D050783:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D014157:Transcription Factors; D006147:Guanine; D004247:DNA; D017364:Collagenases; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1