title: Gene structure, expression pattern, and biological activity of mouse killer cell activating receptor-associated protein (KARAP)/DAP-12.
abstract: Natural killer cell and T cell subsets express at their cell surface a repertoire of receptors for MHC class I molecules, the natural killer cell receptors (NKRs). NKRs are characterized by the existence of inhibitory and activating isoforms, which are encoded by highly homologous but separate genes present in the same locus. Inhibitory isoforms express an intracytoplasmic immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif, whereas activating isoforms lack any immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif but harbor a charged amino acid residue in their transmembrane domain. We previously characterized KARAP (killer cell activating receptor-associated protein), a novel disulfide-linked tyrosine-phosphorylated dimer that selectively associates with the activating NKR isoforms. We report here the identification of the mouse KARAP gene, its localization on chromosome 7 and its genomic organization in five exons. Point mutation and transfection studies revealed that KARAP is a novel signaling transmembrane subunit whose transduction function depends on the integrity of an intracytoplasmic immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif. In contrast to previous members of the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif polypeptide family, KARAP is ubiquitously expressed on hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells, suggesting its association with a broad range of activating receptors in a variety of tissues.
authors.affiliation: Centre d'Immunologie INSERM/CNRS de Marseille-Luminy, Case 906, 13288 Marseille cedex 09, France.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tomasello
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Olcese
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vély
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Geourgeon
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bléry
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moqrich
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gautheret
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Djabali
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Mattei
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vivier
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000276:immunology; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D005091:Exons; D015698:Genomic Library; D007438:Introns; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology*; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051379:Mice / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C110546:TYROBP protein, human