title: How managed care may choose hospitals for contracts for laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Maricopa Medical Center (MMC) was found to have higher charges and length-of-stays than 16 other regional hospitals in an analysis of DRG categories for gallbladder disease. These comparative figures identified MMC as being inefficient and demanded review to determine the reasons for the inefficiencies.
  
  
  METHODS
  In an attempt to determine the reason for inefficiency of charges and length-of-stay for the laparoscopic portion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, matched pairs of open cholecystectomy and converted laparoscopic cholecystectomy from a data base of 633 patients with cholecystectomies were reviewed. Thirty-five matches for age, sex and similar diagnosis were successful.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Matched pair evaluation disclosed a $6,880 difference in charges, which was attributed solely to the charge for laparoscopy. Subsequent chart analysis showed a high charge for instrumentation, prolonged anesthesia and operative times and longer preoperative delays before surgery. Moreover, no matter what the conversion rate is, open cholecystectomy was more cost effective. However, if there is a conversion rate of 5%, total hospital charges for laparoscopic cholecystectomy would have to be reduced to $12,679 (a reduction of $3,332 from $16,011) to make laparoscopic cholecystectomy cost-effective.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cost-effective decision tree analysis of matched pair comparisons and sensitivity analysis proves to be an effective technique in evaluating the cost-effectiveness of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a hospital population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Maricopa Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85010, USA.
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Weiland
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Caruso
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Wesche
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Bay
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001130:Arizona; D002763:Cholecystectomy / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000601:surgery*; D003284:Contract Services / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration*; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D003663:Decision Trees; D005260:Female; D017721:Hospital Costs; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000191:economics*; D008297:Male; D008329:Managed Care Programs / Q000191:economics* / Q000458:organization & administration; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies