title: Efficacy and safety of timolol solution once daily versus timolol gel in treating elevated intraocular pressure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy and safety of timolol hemihydrate once daily versus timolol maleate gel forming solution once daily in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively randomized patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension to receive either timolol hemihydrate 0.5% solution or timolol maleate gel forming solution 0.5% every morning. The primary efficacy variable was the 8:00 AM trough intraocular pressure (IOP) 24 hours after administration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three months after initiation of therapy, baseline IOP had decreased from 23.6 +/- 1.9 mmHg to 18.3 +/- 2.8 mmHg in the group taking timolol hemihydrate (n = 22) and from 23.7 +/- 2.2 mmHg to 18.4 +/- 3.1 mmHg in the group receiving timolol maleate gel (n = 21) at the 24-hour trough level. This was not a significant difference between groups at 3 months. Also, no difference was observed between groups in the 2-hour post instillation IOP. Visual acuity was decreased in the group receiving timolol maleate gel compared with those receiving timolol hemihydrate one minute after instillation of study medicine at month 3. Otherwise, ocular and systemic safety were similar between groups. No differences between groups in cardiac pulse or systolic and diastolic blood pressure were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Timolol hemihydrate 0.5% solution given once a day appears to be as efficacious and safe in decreasing IOP as timolol maleate gel 0.5% given once a day.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Research Corporation, Charleston, SC 29412-2464, USA.
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Leland
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Cate
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Stewart
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005782:Gels / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009798:Ocular Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012449:Safety; D013999:Timolol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D005782:Gels; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D013999:Timolol