title: Measurement of atherosclerotic carotid plaque size in vivo using high resolution magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Current imaging modalities, such as contrast angiography, accurately determine the degree of luminal narrowing but provide no direct information on plaque size. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), however, has potential for noninvasively determining arterial wall area (WA). This study was conducted to determine the accuracy of in vivo MRI for measuring the cross-sectional maximum wall area (MaxWA) of atherosclerotic carotid arteries in a group of patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen patients scheduled for carotid endarterectomy underwent preoperative carotid MRI using a custom-made phased-array coil. The plaques were excised en bloc and scanned using similar imaging parameters. MaxWA measurements from the ex vivo MRI were used as the reference standard and compared with MaxWA measurements from the corresponding in vivo MR study. Agreement between the in vivo and ex vivo measurement was analyzed using the Bland-Altman method. The paired in vivo and ex vivo MaxWA measurements strongly agreed: the mean difference (in vivo minus ex vivo) in MaxWA was 13.1+/-6.5 mm2 for T1-weighted (T1W) imaging (mean MaxWA in vivo=94.7 mm2, ex vivo=81.6 mm2) and 14.1+/-11.7 mm2 for proton density-weighted (PDW) imaging (mean MaxWA in vivo=93.4 mm2, ex vivo=79.3 mm2). Intraobserver and interobserver variability was small, with intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.90 to 0.98.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MRI is highly accurate for in vivo measurement of artery WA in atherosclerotic carotid lesions. This imaging technique has potential application monitoring lesion size in studies examining plaque progression and/or regression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Beach
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Hatsukami
mesh_terms: D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common / Q000473:pathology; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D012015:Reference Standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results