title: Pulmonary and cardiac expression of preproendothelin-1 mRNA are increased in heart failure after myocardial infarction in rats. Localization of preproendothelin-1 mRNA and endothelin peptide.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent reports indicate that endothelin (ET) plays an important pathophysiological role in congestive heart failure (CHF). However, existing data on local cardiopulmonary ET production are few. No studies have hitherto examined the specific anatomic localization of cardiopulmonary ET synthesis in CHF. Thus, the aims of the present study were to examine whether cardiopulmonary preproET-1 mRNA synthesis is upregulated in CHF and to determine the anatomic localization of preproET-1 mRNA and the mature peptide.
  
  
  METHODS
  CHF was induced in rats by occluding the left coronary artery. Only animals with a left ventricular end-diastolic pressure above 15 mmHg after one week were included (n = 28). Sham-operated animals served as controls (n = 24). Hearts and lungs were examined by mRNA slot blot analyses, in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In CHF-rats, slot blot analyses revealed a 3.5 +/- 1.1-fold and a 6.4 +/- 0.8-fold upregulation of preproET-1 mRNA in the noninfarcted and the infarcted area of the left ventricles, respectively (p < 0.05 for both). ISH revealed that the preproET-1 mRNA was localized predominantly over the granulation tissue in the infarcted region. The ET peptide was predominantly localized to inflammatory cells and remaining cardiomyocytes in the infarcted region as determined by IHC. Lungs from CHF-rats showed a 1.5 +/- 0.1-fold upregulation of preproET-1 mRNA (p = 0.01). The most abundant preproET-1 mRNA and ET-1-like-immunoreactivity (ET-1-ir) was seen over inflammatory cells and over airway epithelial cells. Some ET-1-ir was also located to bronchial and vascular smooth muscle cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased cardiopulmonary ET synthesis strongly suggest a pathophysiological role for ET in CHF.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Experimental Medical Research, University of Oslo, Ullevål Hospital, Norway. theis.tonnessen@ioks.uio.no
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tønnessen
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Lunde
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giaid
authors.forename: O M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Sejersted
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Christensen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001345:Autoradiography; D003331:Coronary Vessels; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000032:analysis*; D016232:Endothelins / Q000235:genetics*; D015870:Gene Expression; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000378:metabolism*; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008026:Ligation; D008168:Lung / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D019332:Endothelin-1; D016232:Endothelins; D011498:Protein Precursors; D012333:RNA, Messenger