title: Laparoscopic staging of endometrial cancer: the learning experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate our learning-curve experience with laparoscopic management of endometrial carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of our first 125 patients with endometrial cancer who were managed laparoscopically. The patient population was reviewed in a chronological manner, noting patient demographics, operative procedure and times, estimated blood loss, hospital stay, complications, and pathology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, the mean age was 68.6 years (range 29-89), the mean weight was 160 pounds (range 97-328), and the mean Quetelet index was 27.8 (range 17.8-56.4). Metastatic disease was discovered in 28.8% (17/59) of patients with grade 2 or 3 lesions. There was no statistically significant variation in any of these parameters throughout the study. Operative times for staging without lymphadenectomy decreased significantly from a mean of 163 minutes to 99 minutes (p < .001). Operative times for staging with lymphadenectomy decreased from a mean of 196 minutes to 128 minutes (p < 0.02). Hospital stay decreased from a mean of 3.2 days in the first quarter of our study to 1.8 days (p < .0001). The overall average complication rate of 4% (two enterotomies, two cystotomies, and a transected ureter) did not vary. However, the rate of conversion to laparotomy dropped significantly from 8% (2/25) to 0% (0/100).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that operative times and hospital stays for laparoscopic staging of endometrial cancer continued to drop after 125 cases. While the ability to detect metastatic disease and the rate of major complications appear unrelated to length of the operator experience, the conversion rate to laparotomy decreases with operator experience. Learning-curve parameters must be recognized by physicians, patients, and researchers for a host of reasons.
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Melendez
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Childers
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nour
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Harrigill
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Surwit
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity