title: Myocardial perfusion defects and associated systemic ventricular dysfunction in congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with systemic ventricles of right ventricular morphology are at high risk of contractile dysfunction, the cause of which has not been fully elucidated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether ischaemia or infarction contributes to ventricular impairment in unoperated patients with uncomplicated congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (TGA) by studying myocardial perfusion and function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paediatric and adult congenital cardiac clinics of a tertiary referral centre.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five patients with congenitally corrected TGA but without associated structural cardiac defects (aged 3.5 to 34 years).
  
  
  METHODS
  Maximal exercise stress testing using standard or modified Bruce protocols. Sestamibi (technetium-99m methoxy isobutyl isonitrile) scanning after isotope injection at maximal exercise and rest.
  
  
  METHODS
  Maximum exercise capacity; right ventricular myocardial perfusion, regional wall motion, and thickening; right ventricular ejection fraction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two youngest patients (3.5 and 11 years) had normal exercise capacity for age, while the others had reduced exercise performance. Sestamibi scanning showed reversible myocardial ischaemia in four patients and fixed defects indicating infarction in five. Irreversible defects were mostly associated with impaired wall motion and thickening. The ejection fraction was normal (65%) in the youngest patient but < 55% in the others (mean (SD) 47(11)%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with unoperated congenitally corrected TGA have a high prevalence of myocardial perfusion defects, with consequent abnormalities of regional wall motion and thickening, and impaired ventricular contractility. These data suggest that ischaemia and infarction are important in the pathogenesis of ventricular failure in this condition.
authors.affiliation: Adolph Basser Cardiac Institute, Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Hornung
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Bernard
authors.forename: E T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Jaeggi
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Howman-Giles
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Celermajer
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Hawker
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001027:Aortography; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D014188:Transposition of Great Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi