title: A slow release calcium delivery system for the study of reparative dentine formation.
abstract: Several liquid, semi-solid and solid delivery systems were formulated and tested to devise a method of reproducibly administering accurate micro-doses of calcium into a 700 microns diameter cavity in a rat maxillary incisor tooth, in the absence of hydroxyl ions. Development of this delivery system was necessary to facilitate studies of the mechanisms of pulpal repair and odontoblast differentiation. The principal requirements for the delivery system were that it should be easily administered into a small pulp exposure in the rat incisor and that a greater than 1000-fold range in calcium ion concentrations could be incorporated and delivered for a period of 2-3 days, preferably in an acidic environment to minimize the effect of non-specific nucleation under alkaline conditions. Poly- (ethylene) glycol microspheres were found to be an ideal vehicle. Under the in vitro dissolution conditions used, complete release of all calcium salts occurred within 12-15 hours, except for the very water-insoluble calcium stearate. It was anticipated that the release of calcium ions would be significantly more prolonged in vivo because of the physical constraints of the prepared cavity as well as the restricted access to fluid flow.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Rehabilitation, University of Otago School of Dentistry, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Kirk
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Kardos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002482:Cellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D003785:Dental Pulp Capping; D003809:Dentin, Secondary / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D004339:Drug Compounding; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D016014:Linear Models; D008863:Microspheres; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D051381:Rats; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles; C029777:Pulpdent; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; C013517:ethyl cellulose; D002482:Cellulose; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide; D002118:Calcium