title: Kasabach-Merritt syndrome-associated kaposiform hemangioendothelioma successfully treated with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and actinomycin D.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors introduced a successful trial of a chemotherapy regimen to treat refractory thrombocytopenia and pain caused by a rare kaposiform hemangioendothelioma that had been refractory to corticosteroids.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 6-year-old Latina girl with diffuse petechiae, constant pain and edema in her right lower extremity, and severe thrombocytopenia was brought for treatment. Physical examination revealed a large mass in the right lower extremity. The surgical specimen resected earlier in Mexico showed kaposiform hemangioendothelioma, an extremely rare vascular tumor that is frequently associated with consumptive coagulopathy and lymphangiomatosis. Corticosteroid therapy in Mexico had been ineffective in controlling the tumor size, pain, or thrombocytopenia. The patient was brought to the United States because of a rapidly enlarging tumor and intractable leg pain, causing inability to ambulate. Laboratory examinations revealed profound thrombocytopenia and evidence of consumptive coagulopathy. Because of the rapidly enlarging lesion, it was decided to give six cycles of a chemotherapy regimen consisting of vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and actinomycin D (VAC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient responded to the first cycle of chemotherapy with partial reversal of the thrombocytopenia. The additional five cycles of the same chemotherapy regimen resulted in complete resolution of thrombocytopenia and significant improvement of the pain and edema in the right lower extremity. A follow-up imaging study 9 months later revealed a marked decrease in size of the vascular tumor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inoperable kaposiform hemangioendothelioma unresponsive to corticosteroids can be successfully treated with chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90509, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lachman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sieger
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003609:Dactinomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006390:Hemangioendothelioma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D012514:Sarcoma, Kaposi / Q000209:etiology; D013577:Syndrome; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000188:drug therapy; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D003609:Dactinomycin; D014750:Vincristine; D003520:Cyclophosphamide