title: Brain opioid receptor measurements by positron emission tomography in normal cycling women: relationship to luteinizing hormone pulsatility and gonadal steroid hormones.
abstract: The regulation of central mu-opioid receptors in women during the menstrual cycle was explored with positron emission tomography and the selective radiotracer [11C]carfentanil. Ten healthy women were studied twice, during their follicular and luteal phases. Plasma concentrations of estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, and beta-endorphin were determined immediately before scanning. LH pulsatility was measured over the 9 h preceding each of the two positron emission tomography scans. No significant differences in the binding potential of mu-opioid receptors (binding capacity/Kd) were observed between phases of the menstrual cycle. However, significant negative correlations were observed between circulating levels of estradiol during the follicular phase and mu-receptor binding measures in the amygdala and hypothalamus, two regions thought to be involved in the regulation of GnRH pulsatility. LH pulse amplitude was positively correlated with mu binding in the amygdala, whereas LH pulse number was negatively correlated with binding in this same region. No significant associations were noted between LH pulse measures and the hypothalamus for this sample. These results suggest that amygdalar mu-opioid receptors exert a modulatory effect on GnRH pulsatility, and that circulating levels of estradiol also regulate central mu-opioid function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Y R
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Zubieta
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: del Carmen
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Dannals
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Ravert
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Zacur
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Frost
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000858:Anovulation / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000378:metabolism; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000502:physiology*; D010060:Ovulation / Q000378:metabolism; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D011957:Receptors, Opioid / Q000378:metabolism*; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu / Q000378:metabolism; D012016:Reference Values; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed
chemical_list: D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D011957:Receptors, Opioid; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone