title: Triiodothyronine reverses depressed contractile performance after excessive catecholamine stimulation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Conflicting results have been reported regarding the acute effects of triiodothyronine (T3) on myocardial contractile performance. The present study analyzes the role of T3 in reversing the depressant effect of excessive catecholamine stimulation in isolated porcine left ventricular myocardium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six left ventricular trabeculae (0.4 x 6.0 mm) obtained from 6 pigs were used for measurements of isometric force development, isotonic shortening, and intracellular calcium in three experimental series (measurement conditions: 37 degrees C; optimal length; supramaximal electrical stimulation, 1 Hz; calcium measurement, fura-2 ratio method; frequency, 225 Hz). In series 1, isometric force development was measured before and after a 60-minute incubation with 10(-7) mol/L epinephrine in preparations with (n = 6) and without (n = 6) preceding fura-2 loading for calcium measurements. In series 2, the acute effects of a 30-minute administration of T3 (10(-9) mol/L) on isometric force and intracellular calcium were analyzed (n = 6). In series 3, after simultaneous fura-2 loading and a 6-hour 10(-7) mol/L epinephrine exposure the effects of T3 (10(-9) mol/L, 30 minutes) on force development, shortening, and intracellular calcium transient were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Long-term and high-dose epinephrine exposure induced a severe contractile depression with a significant reduction of isometric force development (p < 0.05) and increased diastolic (p < 0.001) and systolic calcium (p < 0.001). In normal porcine myocardium T3 had no effect on the extent of isometric force generation but accelerated the time course of force development (p < 0.05) and increased the calcium transient (p < 0.001). After induction of myocardial depression by epinephrine exposure T3 accelerated the intracellular calcium transients and reduced diastolic calcium. Triiodothyronine increased the shortening amplitude and the force amplitude (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Triiodothyronine reverses depressed contractile performance after preceding high-dose epinephrine exposure in isolated porcine myocardium. Increased force amplitudes and unaltered or even reduced intracellular calcium transients argue in favor of a resensitization of the contractile apparatus for calcium by T3. The study supports a potential role for T3 treatment in depressed myocardium after previous excessive catecholamine exposure (eg, brain death, catecholamine treatment, ischemia).
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Timek
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Vahl
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bonz
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schäffer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hagl
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003864:Depression, Chemical; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000187:drug effects; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000737:chemistry; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D013552:Swine; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D002118:Calcium; D004837:Epinephrine