title: Clinical and genetic studies of spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 in Japanese kindreds.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report the results of clinical and genetic studies from 2 related Japanese kindreds with spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2).
  
  
  METHODS
  Family A showed 19 patients through 4 generations, while family B showed 6 patients, including dizygotic twin brothers, through 3 generations. We performed clinical, radiological, neurophysiological, and genetic analyses in the family members.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neurologic analysis of 13 affected patients revealed a mean age at onset of 43.5 years. The most common neurologic finding was cerebellar ataxia with deep sensory disturbance. Slow saccades was found only in the younger patients below age 35 years. Nerve conduction studies revealed subclinical sensory neuropathy. Brain MRI showed the presence of pontocerebellar atrophy. Genetic study using PCR revealed that all affected patients had an expanded CAG allele in the ataxin-2 gene, which led to a final diagnosis of SCA2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SCA2 may be more clinically heterogeneous than previously thought. PCR is useful in differentiating SCA2 from other types of inherited ataxia.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Internal Medicine, Oita Medical University, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ueyama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kumamoto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagao
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mita
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uchino
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D000067528:Ataxins; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005820:Genetic Testing; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009431:Neural Conduction; D010375:Pedigree; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D013132:Spinocerebellar Degenerations / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*; D018911:Trinucleotide Repeats / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000067528:Ataxins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D004247:DNA