title: Morphological changes in chest radiographs of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the quality of infiltrations in chest radiographs can accurately predict the histological extent of fibrotic change in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective clinical investigation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intensive care unit (ICU) of a university teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 47 patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for severe ARDS over a 5-year period, 23 patients underwent open lung biopsy at thoracotomy for treatment, mostly of pneumothorax. Chest films obtained by portable chest roentgenography preceding the operation were reviewed retrospectively and compared to the histomorphological results of the lung specimen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chest radiographs displayed mixed alveolar-reticular opacification in 60.2%, alveolar patterns in 22.9% and reticular opacities in 10.5%. In 0.4% there were no infiltrates, 6% could not be evaluated because of insufficient quality. There was no relevant difference between the right and left lungs. Subdividing patients into two groups according to the histological results of either absent or mild (1) or severe (2) lung fibrosis, we found an alveolar haziness in 12.3% in group 1 compared with 28.2% in group 2, while reticular characteristics were identified in 13% and 11%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The most common opacity in chest radiographs of patients with severe ARDS treated with ECMO is mixed alveolar-reticular opacification. Severe lung fibrosis is not positively correlated with a reticular radiographic pattern. ECMO does not lead to specific radiological changes in conventional radiograms, contrary to clinical findings that treatment with ECMO might induce pleural or pulmonic haemorrhage, especially in the earlier days when systemic heparinization had to be used instead of the heparin-coated tube-surfacing.
authors.affiliation: Strahlenklinik und Poliklinik, Virchow Klinikum, Medizinische Fakultät der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mäurer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kendzia
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gerlach
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pappert
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hierholzer
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Falke
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Felix
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy / Q000592:standards; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015199:Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011859:Radiography; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013997:Time Factors