title: Smoked cocaine self-administration in females and voucher incentives for abstinence.
abstract: There are three purposes for this study: (1) To extend the laboratory study of heavy smoked cocaine use to women, (2) to assess cocaine withdrawal symptoms and (3) to assess the utility of voucher incentives for achieving and maintaining cocaine and other drug abstinence in female cocaine abusers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten non-treatment seeking female cocaine smokers resided inpatient for 4-5 days and could smoke up to 6 doses of cocaine base (50 mg each) twice a day (at 1200 h and again at 1600 h) for 2 consecutive days. During the following 2-week outpatient phase, women were given US $40 in merchandise vouchers if urinalysis indicated lower drug levels from the previous day.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women self-administered 20.4 out of 24 possible doses. Compared to the 1200 session, heart rate and blood pressure, but not subjective effects, were still significantly increased prior to the 1600 session. Nine women completed the outpatient phase, attending 98% of their appointments. Using the One-Half Rule, 56% of urines indicated no new cocaine or other drug use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although a US $40 voucher incentive for a "clean" urine was not sufficient to eliminate cocaine use, the possibility of earning the voucher was sufficient to maintain nearly perfect attendance.
authors.affiliation: New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. se18@columbia.edu
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Fischman
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Foltin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001143:Arousal / Q000187:drug effects; D003042:Cocaine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000652:urine; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009042:Motivation; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood; D012646:Self Administration; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D014040:Token Economy
chemical_list: D011388:Prolactin; D003042:Cocaine