title: Use of ketolides in combination with other drugs to treat experimental toxoplasmosis.
abstract: Because combination therapy is required to treat human toxoplasmosis, we examined combinations of the ketolides HMR 3004 and HMR 3647 with atovaquone, clindamycin or sulphadiazine in a murine model of toxoplasmosis. An oral dose of 50 mg/kg/day of HMR 3004 protected 30% of mice lethally infected with Toxoplasma gondii. The same dose protected 100% of infected mice when administered in combination with non-protective doses of atovaquone, clindamycin or sulphadiazine. Similar results were noted with 25 mg/kg/day of HMR 3647. These results demonstrate that these drug combinations are highly effective for treating toxoplasmosis in mice.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute, Palo Alto Medical Foundation, CA, USA.
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Araujo
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bryskier
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Remington
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D053626:Atovaquone; D002981:Clindamycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D048628:Ketolides; D018942:Macrolides; D051379:Mice; D009285:Naphthoquinones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013411:Sulfadiazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014122:Toxoplasma; D014124:Toxoplasmosis, Animal / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D048628:Ketolides; D018942:Macrolides; D009285:Naphthoquinones; C105420:RU 64004; D013411:Sulfadiazine; D002981:Clindamycin; C106791:telithromycin; D053626:Atovaquone