Recording of pacing stimulus artifacts by endovascular defibrillation lead systems: comparison of true and integrated bipolar circuits.
BACKGROUND
The occurrence ICD undersensing of ventricular fibrillation due to the presence of a pacing stimulus artifact (PSA) is in part related to the amplitude of the artifact recorded on the ICD rate sensing circuit. There is little comparative data regarding PSA amplitude recorded by commercial ICD rate-sensing circuits.


OBJECTIVE
To compare PSA amplitude recorded by commercial endovascular defibrillation leads utilizing integrated or true bipolar sensing circuits.


METHODS
Nineteen large (60-120 kg) pigs were utilized. Two different commercial endovascular defibrillation leads were evaluated, each with its distal tip located at the right ventricular apex: (1) Medtronic Transvene; and (2) CPI Endotak. Three different rate-sensing circuits were evaluated: (1) Transvene true bipolar (tip-ring); (2) Transvene integrated bipolar (tip-coil); and (3) Endotak integrated bipolar (tip-coil). Using a separate pacing lead located at the left ventricular apex (n = 19 animals) or right ventricular outflow tract (n = 10 animals), pacing was performed at a pulse width of 0.5 milliseconds at outputs of 1.5, 5 and 10 volts. PSA amplitude was recorded at each output by each circuit.


RESULTS
During pacing from the left ventricular apex, at each pacing output voltage the PSA amplitude recorded by the true bipolar circuit (0.6 +/- 0.1 mV at 1.5 volts, 2.0 +/- 0.5 mV at 5 volts, 3.7 +/- 0.8 mV at 10 volts) was significantly smaller than recorded by the Transvene integrated circuit (1.4 +/- 0.3 mV at 1.5 volts, 3.8 +/- 0.7 mV at 5 volts, 4.1 +/- 0.8 mV at 10 volts) or the Endotak integrated circuit (1.8 +/- 0.4 mV at 1.5 volts, 4.2 +/- 1.0 mV at 5 volts, 6.3 +/- 1.8 mV at 10 volts). During pacing from the right ventricular outflow tract, at each pacing output voltage the PSA amplitude recorded by the true bipolar circuit (0.7 +/- 0.1 mV at 1.5 volts, 1.7 +/- 0.4 mV at 5 volts, 4.0 +/- 0.7 mV at 10 volts) was significantly smaller than recorded by the Transvene integrated circuit (1.1 +/- 0.4 mV at 1.5 volts, 3.9 +/- 1.2 mV at 5 volts, 7.5 +/- 1.8 mV at 10 volts) or the Endotak integrated circuit (1.6 +/- 0.7 mV at 1.5 volts, 4.3 +/- 1.7 mV at 5 volts, 7.5 +/- 2.6 mV at 10 volts). For both pacing sites, the PSA amplitude recorded by the two integrated circuits was not significantly different.


CONCLUSIONS
For a given pacing output voltage, PSA amplitude recorded by commercial endovascular rate sensing/defibrillation leads is greater when the sensing circuit is integrated than when it is true bipolar. These data may be helpful in planning ICD implantation in patients with previously implanted permanent pacemakers.
Menz
V
V
Allegheny University of the Health Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Schwartzman
D
D
Drachman
D
D
Michele
J J
JJ
Dillon
S M
SM
D000818:Animals; D016477:Artifacts; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D004554:Electric Countershock / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D013552:Swine; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy