title: Down-regulation of laminin-5 in breast carcinoma cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laminin-5 (ln-5), a large heterotrimeric glycoprotein consisting of an alpha 3, beta 3, and gamma 2 chain, is a component of epithelial cell basement membranes that functions as a ligand of the alpha 3 beta 1 and alpha 6 beta 4 integrins to regulate cell adhesion, migration, and morphogenesis. The ln-5 chains show tissue-specific patterns of regulation in tumors derived from different tissues. For example, ln-5 is often up-regulated in gliomas, gastric carcinomas, and squamous carcinomas and down-regulated in prostate and basal cell carcinomas. Ln-5 expression patterns may represent useful tumor markers and help to elucidate the role of ln-5 in tumor progression in different tissue types.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have studied ln-5 expression patterns in the breast. mRNA levels were examined in tumor and normal breast epithelial cell lines, tissue samples, and immunomagnetically sorted primary cultures using differential display, Northern blotting, and hybridization arrays. Protein levels were examined by immunoprecipitation. Gene integrity was assessed by Southern blotting of representative cell types.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ln-5 alpha 3, beta 3, and gamma 2 mRNA expression was found to be markedly down-regulated in a panel of breast tumor cell lines when compared with normal breast epithelial cells. Ln-5 mRNA was expressed at relatively high levels in MCF-10A immortal normal breast epithelial cells, long-term cultures of normal breast cells, and sorted primary cultures of normal breast luminal epithelial and myoepithelial cells. Reduced, but detectable, levels of ln-5 tended to be expressed in cell lines derived from early-stage breast tumors, whereas expression was generally not detected in cell lines derived from later-stage tumors. In breast tumor tissue specimens, expression of ln alpha 3 and beta 3 mRNAs tended to be reduced relative to levels observed in adjacent nontumor tissue, whereas in gamma 2 levels were elevated in specimens with increased amounts of myoepithelial cells. These ln-5 expression changes could not be attributed to large-scale mutations or gene rearrangements. Ln-5 protein levels were found to reflect mRNA levels in representative cell lines. At senescence, a growth state believed to suppress tumorigenesis, expression of all three ln-5 mRNAs was up-regulated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The down-regulation of ln-5 mRNA expression in breast tumors cells provides a new molecular marker and suggests that ln-5 functions to control tumor progression in the breast.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Genetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. kmartin@mbcrr.harvard.edu
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Kwan
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagasaki
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: O'Hare
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kaelin
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Burgeson
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Pardee
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sager
mesh_terms: D001940:Breast / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D012016:Reference Values; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D000097794:Kalinin
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000097794:Kalinin