title: Noninvasive cardiac output monitoring by aortic blood flow determination: evaluation of the Sometec Dynemo-3000 system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Sometec Dynemo-3000 system allows the permanent measurement of descending aorta diameter by an echographic (A-scan) device and the blood flow velocity by a pulse Doppler velocimeter. The Dynemo-3000 then furnishes a new hemodynamic parameter, i.e., descending aortic blood flow (ABF), which is a fraction of the cardiac output (CO). We evaluate the ability of this system to measure the aortic diameter and to accurately detect ABF changes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case study prospective trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 24-bed medical intensive care unit of a 1,100-bed university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty critically ill patients fully sedated, mechanically ventilated, and monitored by a pulmonary artery catheter.
  
  
  METHODS
  CO values determined by conventional thermodilution method (TD-CO) and ABF were recorded during the study, which included two initial baseline periods, a dobutamine infusion (5 microg/kg/min) interval of 30 mins, and a third baseline period. To assess the accuracy of A-scan, aortic diameter was measured by transesophageal echocardiography. The difference between echocardiography and A-scan was used to determine bias and precision for aortic diameter measurements. TD-CO and ABF variations were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests. Association between TD-CO and ABF values was determined by calculating the linear correlation coefficient. The ability of ABF to detect a TD-CO >6.0 L/min and its variations >13% was analyzed by determination of sensitivity, specificity, and positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Aortic diameter measurements by A-scan and bidimensional methods were 23.0+/-2.8 mm (SD) and 24.2+/-2.7 mm, respectively. Bias and precision were 1.1 mm and 1.4 mm (95% confidence interval: -1.9 to 3.7), respectively. During the course of dobutamine infusion, we observed a significant increase of TD-CO mean value from 6.65+/-1.53 L/min to 9.30+/-2.5 L/min (p=.0008), and a parallel and significant increase in ABF mean value from 4.34+/-1.18 L/min to 5.70+/-1.63 L/min (p= .0029). Absolute TD-CO and ABF values had a correlation coefficient of 0.80. For detection of an increased TD-CO, PPV and NPV were 87% and 86%, respectively. For detection of TD-CO changes >13%, PPV and NPV were 80% and 94%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Dynemo-3000 system is able to display the real aortic diameter, which is one of the most important components of this noninvasive ultrasonic technique. When compared with TD-CO, the ABF determination provided by this ultrasonic device constitutes a reliable noninvasive tool for estimating CO and tracking its changes.
authors.affiliation: Medical Intensive Care Unit, Cochin-Port Royal University Hospital, Paris, France. alain.cariou@cch.ap-hop-paris.fr
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cariou
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Monchi
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Joly
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bellenfant
authors.forename: Y E
authors.initials: YE
authors.lastname: Claessens
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Thébert
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Brunet
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Dhainaut
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015982:Bias; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D002302:Cardiac Output; D002407:Catheterization, Swan-Ganz; D016638:Critical Illness; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013815:Thermodilution