title: Effects on performance, tissue integrity, and metabolism of vitamin E supplementation for beef heifers fed a diet that contains gossypol.
abstract: We conducted an experiment for 112 d with yearling beef heifers to evaluate the effects of cottonseed meal (CSM) fed with various concentrations of vitamin E on hematological and tissue components. Heifers were assigned randomly to four treatments, with eight heifers per treatment. The treatments consisted of the following dietary supplements: 1) CON, based on soybean meal with 30 IU vitamin E/kg; 2) GOS, based on CSM with 30 IU vitamin E/kg; 3) G+2E, based on CSM with 2,000 IU vitamin E x animal(-1) x d(-1); and 4) G+4E, based on CSM with 4,000 IU vitamin E x animal(-1) x d(-1). Supplements based on CSM provided 4.5 g of free and 50.5 g of total gossypol x animal(-1) x d(-1). The total gossypol present in the supplements was 29.1% of the negative isomer (-) and 70.9% of the positive isomer (+). Blood samples were collected at the start of the experiment and every 2 wk thereafter up to 16 wk. There was a time x treatment interaction (P<.01) for plasma alpha-tocopherol ( alpha-T) concentration; however, feeding gossypol did not decrease plasma alpha-T. Weight gain, retinol palmitate, retinol, beta-carotene (beta-C), hemoglobin, and hematocrit were not affected by treatment. Erythrocyte osmotic fragility (EOF) increased (P<.05) in gossypol-fed animals; however, vitamin E supplementation lowered EOF (P<.05). Heifers fed the supplements GOS, G+2E, and G+4E had greater (P<.01) plasma (-)-, (+)-, and total gossypol than heifers fed CON from Collection 2 to the end of the experiment. There was a treatment effect (P<.05) on vitamin E and gossypol concentrations in different tissues, with no effect (P>.05) for trace minerals (Cu, Zn, Fe, and Se). Vitamin E concentration in tissue increased with increased dietary supplementation of vitamin E. In heart and neck muscle, (-)-gossypol was greater (P<.05) than (+)-gossypol, but the reverse was true for liver. Gossypol decreased in vitro lipid peroxidation of liver homogenate in tissues. Gossypol deposition in tissue was liver > heart > muscle. In summary, gossypol from CSM did not decrease concentrations of antioxidant vitamins, including alpha-T, vitamin A, and beta-C, or have any detrimental effect on performance of beef heifers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Velasquez-Pereira
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: McDowell
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Risco
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Prichard
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Calhoun
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Wilkinson
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ogebe
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000097:blood / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D003369:Cottonseed Oil; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004224:Diterpenes; D005260:Female; D006072:Gossypol / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D006400:Hematocrit / Q000662:veterinary; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D009334:Neck Muscles / Q000378:metabolism; D009996:Osmotic Fragility; D011897:Random Allocation; D012176:Retinoids / Q000097:blood; D000084562:Retinyl Esters; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003369:Cottonseed Oil; D004224:Diterpenes; D006454:Hemoglobins; D012176:Retinoids; D000084562:Retinyl Esters; D019207:beta Carotene; D014801:Vitamin A; D014810:Vitamin E; C014794:retinol palmitate; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D006072:Gossypol