title: The maternal and fetal effects of the addition of sufentanil to 0.5% spinal bupivacaine for cesarean delivery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Opioid added to local anesthetic for spinal anesthesia was first introduced into clinical practice in 1979 with intrathecal morphine as a forerunner. As morphine is water soluble and has prolonged action, late respiratory depression following spinal anesthesia is not infrequent and is the most serious complication that causes our concern. Sufentanil which is more hydrophobic than morphine also with shorter duration of action and quicker onset when injected into the subarchnoid space could be more effective and a safer drug as an adjuvant to local anesthetic in spinal anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-one parturients who had given consent to spinal anesthesia for Cesarean delivery, were anesthetized with 12.5 mg of 0.5% bupivacaine alone or in combination with 10 micrograms sufentanil in a randomized double blind manner. They were assigned either to C group (Control group) in which nothing is added to the local anesthetic and S group (Study group) in which sufentanil was added to the local anesthetic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Perioperatively, hypotension occurred more in S group (17 against 11) but chest discomfort was less (3 against 7). Within 3 h after anesthesia 3 out of 19 parturients in S group requested analgesics but almost all parturients in C group did so.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of intrathecal sufentanil to 0.5% bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia improved perioperative discomfort and significantly reduced the demand of post-operative analgesia but on the other hands, it tended to increase perioperative hypotension and cause mild pruritus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Buddhist TZ'U-CHI General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Y Y
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Yeh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016362:Analgesia, Obstetrical; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000773:Anesthesia, Obstetrical; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002585:Cesarean Section; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011247:Pregnancy; D012768:Shivering / Q000187:drug effects; D017409:Sufentanil / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D017409:Sufentanil; D002045:Bupivacaine