title: A large outbreak of cryptosporidiosis associated with a public water supply from a deep chalk borehole. Outbreak Investigation Team.
abstract: Three hundred and forty-five confirmed cases were reported in a large waterborne outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in North Thames in the spring of 1997. The descriptive epidemiology, attack rates, a case control study, and the detection of oocysts in the water suggested strongly that the outbreak was associated with drinking unboiled tap water that originated from one deep chalk borehole. The 746,000 people living in the water distribution area were advised to boil their drinking water. Investigations did not reveal how oocysts entered the borehole. This is the first published report of a cryptosporidium outbreak caused by filtered borehole water and we believe it to be the largest outbreak due to groundwater to have been reported. Borehole supplies are regarded as relatively pure sources of water and this outbreak has implications for the future monitoring and treatment of drinking water extracted from boreholes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry. LornaW@rdd-phru.cam.ac.uk
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Willocks
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Crampin
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Milne
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Seng
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Susman
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gair
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moulsdale
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shafi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wall
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wiggins
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lightfoot
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003457:Cryptosporidiosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010126:Ozone; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D010126:Ozone