title: Differential regulation of phospholipase A2 (PLA2)-dependent Ca2+ signaling in smooth muscle by cAMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinases. Inhibitory phosphorylation of PLA2 by cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases.
abstract: Both cAMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinases inhibit agonist-stimulated phospholipase C-beta (PLC-beta) activity and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent Ca2+ release in vascular and visceral smooth muscle. In smooth muscle of the intestinal longitudinal layer, however, the initial steps in Ca2+ mobilization involve activation of cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2) and arachidonic acid (AA)-dependent stimulation of Ca2+ influx. The present study examined whether cAMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinases are capable of regulating these processes also. Agents that activated cAMP-dependent protein kinase (5, 6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole 3',5'-cyclic monophosphothioate (Sp-isomer) and isoproterenol), cGMP-dependent protein kinase (8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate and Na nitroprusside), or both kinases (vasoactive intestinal peptide and isoproterenol >1 microM) induced phosphorylation of cPLA2 and inhibition of agonist-stimulated cPLA2 activity. Phosphorylation and inhibition of cPLA2 activity by cAMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinases were blocked by the corresponding selective inhibitors (cAMP-dependent protein kinase, N-[2(p-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]-5-isoquinoline-sulfonamide hydrochloride (H-89) and myristoylated protein kinase inhibitor () amide; cGMP-dependent protein kinase, (8R,9S, 11S)-(-)-9-methoxy-carbamyl-8-methyl-2,3,9,10-tetrahydro-8, 11-epoxy-1H,8H,11H,-2,7b,11a-trizadizobenzo(a,g)cycloocta(c, d, e)-trinden-1-one (KT-5823)). In contrast, AA-stimulated Ca2+ influx was inhibited by agents that activated cGMP-dependent protein kinase only; the inhibition was selectively blocked by KT-5823. The study provides the first evidence of inhibitory phosphorylation of cPLA2 in vivo by cAMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinases. Inhibition of cPLA2 activity and AA-induced Ca2+ influx partly account for the ability of cAMP-dependent protein kinase and/or cGMP-dependent protein kinase to cause relaxation. Their importance resides in their location at the inception of the Ca2+ signaling cascade.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Physiology and Medicine, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0711, USA.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Murthy
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Makhlouf
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002227:Carbazoles; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D017869:Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007211:Indoles; D007422:Intestines; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D010741:Phospholipases A / Q000378:metabolism*; D054467:Phospholipases A2; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011817:Rabbits; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013873:Thionucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D002227:Carbazoles; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007211:Indoles; D007546:Isoquinolines; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013873:Thionucleotides; C073601:KT 5823; D009599:Nitroprusside; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; C055656:8-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)cyclic-3',5'-GMP; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D017869:Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D010741:Phospholipases A; D054467:Phospholipases A2; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D007545:Isoproterenol; C063509:N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide; D002118:Calcium