title: Expression of cyclooxygenases in ductus arteriosus of fetal and newborn pigs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We studied the ontogeny of the expression of cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 in the ductus arteriosus and evaluated their functional significance.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 was studied in ductus arteriosus of fetal (at approximately 75% gestation) and term newborn pig. Effects of selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 on ductal patency were evaluated by Doppler ultrasonography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ductus arteriosus of the fetus expressed virtually only cyclooxygenase-1 immunoreactive protein and activity. In contrast, the ductus of the term newborn pig (<45 minutes old) contained proteins of both cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2, but the latter contributed to >90% of prostaglandin E2 formation. The selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor DuP697 reduced prostaglandin E2 levels in the ductus arteriosus, albeit not in plasma, but did not affect ductal patency in the newborn pig (<1(1/2) hours old); in contrast, the cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitor valeryl salicylate, like indomethacin, markedly reduced levels of prostaglandin E2 in the plasma and ductus arteriosus and caused significant constriction of the ductus arteriosus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ductus arteriosus of the term newborn pig, in contrast to that of the fetus, expresses cyclooxygenase-2, but circulating prostaglandins, arising mostly from cyclooxygenase-1, seem to exert the major control on ductal patency in vivo. Our data suggest that cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors might be better alternatives for the fetus than nonselective cyclooxygenase blockers if indicated for maternal conditions such as inflammation or for tocolysis.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology, and Pharmacology, University of Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Guerguerian
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hardy
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bhattacharya
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Olley
authors.forename: R I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Clyman
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Fouron
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chemtob
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000378:metabolism*; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004373:Ductus Arteriosus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005333:Fetus / Q000098:blood supply / Q000201:enzymology*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D015232:Dinoprostone