title: Surgical treatment of localized gastrinoma within the liver: a prospective study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies demonstrate that liver metastases of gastrinoma significantly reduce survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  Since 1982 we have prospectively studied 213 patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. For this report the results of surgery for localized liver gastrinoma were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Zollinger-Ellison syndrome was diagnosed biochemically in all patients and acid output was controlled with medications. Imaging studies demonstrated liver gastrinoma in 69 patients (32%). Fifty-two had diffuse unresectable disease, whereas 17 (10%) had localized disease. All patients with localized liver gastrinoma and 2 patients with diffuse disease who needed surgery are the subject of this report. Major hepatic lobectomy was performed in 10 patients and wedge resections in 9. Three patients had apparent liver primary gastrinomas and 16 had metastatic disease. Seventeen of 19 patients were able to have all identifiable gastrinoma resected. Extrahepatic tumor was also removed at the same procedure. Extirpation of liver gastrinoma required hepatic lobectomy in 10 patients and wedge resections in the others. Five-year survival was 85%. Five of 17 completely resected patients (29%) remained disease free.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Resectable localized liver gastrinoma is rare. Primary liver gastrinomas can occur. Surgical resection of localized liver gastrinoma provides a cure rate similar to that of extrahepatic gastrinoma and an excellent long-term survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Norton
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Doherty
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Fraker
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Doppman
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Venzon
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gibril
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Jensen
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015043:Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*