A reappraisal of Simpson's introduction of chloroform.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the introduction of the use of chloroform in childbirth, assessing the role of Sir James Young Simpson, the various motives for the innovation, and the health and sociological consequences for those involved in childbirth.


METHODS
A review of the attitudes of mothers, midwives, obstetricians and family practitioners, based on contemporary publications and subsequent historical analyses.


RESULTS
The context in which chloroform was introduced was fundamentally important to its widespread acceptance in the UK. The use of this drug carried serious implications for the childbearing woman, as well as the practice and status of those who provided her care.


CONCLUSIONS
The implications of the introduction of chloroform in childbirth were short, medium and long term. The changes associated with the acceptance of this drug may bear comparison with those relating to certain, current, pain-control methods.
Mander
R
R
Department of Nursing Studies, University of Edinburgh, UK. R.Mander@ed.ac.uk
D016362:Analgesia, Obstetrical / Q000266:history*; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000266:history*; D002725:Chloroform / Q000266:history*; D005260:Female; D049672:History, 19th Century; D006801:Humans; D007743:Labor, Obstetric; D008428:Maternal Mortality; D011247:Pregnancy; D006113:United Kingdom; D016387:Women's Health
D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D002725:Chloroform