title: Spectrum of disease among HIV-infected adults hospitalised in a respiratory medicine unit in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
abstract: METHODS
  Respiratory medicine wards of the University Teaching Hospital, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the spectrum of opportunistic infection among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected adults hospitalised in the respiratory medicine unit in Abidjan, and the level of immunosuppression at which these diseases occur.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 75% of patients were HIV-positive: among these patients, the most frequent diagnosis was tuberculosis, in 61%, followed by bacterial pneumonia (15%), Gram-negative septicaemia (particularly non-typhoid Salmonella) (9%) and empyema (5%). Atypical pneumonias appeared to be rare. Most HIV-positive patients had CD4 counts indicative of advanced immunosuppression: 36% had CD4 counts below 100 x 10(6)/l, 19% between 100 and 199 x 10(6)/l, 29% between 200 and 499 x 10(6)/l, and 16% above 500 x 10(6)/l. Overall in-hospital mortality was 27% for HIV-positive patients and 22% for HIV-negative patients (P = 0.5). In a multivariate analysis, the strongest independent risk factors for death were cachexia (odds ratio [OR] 7.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.1-26.3), male sex (OR 4.5, 95% CI 1.2-17.4) and age over 40 (OR 4.1, 95% CI 1.0-17.2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tuberculosis and bacterial infections are the major causes of respiratory morbidity in immunosuppressed HIV-infected adults in this population. Efforts to improve the management of HIV-related disease need to focus on prevention and treatment of these infections.
authors.affiliation: Project RETRO-CI, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sidibé
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Domoua
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bonard
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sylla-Koko
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dosso
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yapi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maurice
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Whitaker
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Lucas
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: S Z
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Wiktor
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: De Cock
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Greenberg
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D007560:Cote d'Ivoire / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004653:Empyema / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000453:epidemiology; D012124:Respiratory Care Units; D018805:Sepsis / Q000453:epidemiology; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology