title: Alternate routes of administration.
abstract: The less common methods of medication administration that used to be used only in the hospital are also now used in alternate settings. Understanding the treatment modalities, care requirements, and complications of these alternate routes of administration is important for nurses who participate in the care of patients receiving infusions. Several alternate routes of administration are discussed, with emphasis on the more commonly used methods: intra-arterial, intraspinal, intraventricular, intraperitoneal, intraosseous, and several other routes.
authors.forename: V L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: West
mesh_terms: D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D006801:Humans; D007263:Infusions, Parenteral / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000451:nursing; D007267:Injections / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000451:nursing; D018579:Patient Selection; D012307:Risk Factors