title: Augmentation of the cardiac natriuretic peptides by beta-receptor antagonism: evidence from a population-based study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present retrospective analysis of data derived from a population-based study examined the relationship between intake of beta-receptor antagonists and plasma concentrations of the cardiac natriuretic peptides and their second messenger.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Beta-receptor antagonists are widely used for treatment of cardiovascular disease. In addition to direct effects on heart rate and cardiac contractility, recent evidence suggests that beta-receptor antagonists may also modulate the cross talk between the sympathetic nervous system and the cardiac natriuretic peptide system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and their second messenger cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) were assessed in addition to anthropometric, hemodynamic and echocardiographic parameters in a population-based sample (n = 672), of which 80 subjects used beta-receptor antagonists.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to subjects without medication, subjects receiving beta-receptor antagonists were characterized by substantially elevated ANP, BNP and cGMP plasma concentrations (plus 32%, 89% and 18%, respectively, p < 0.01 each). Analysis of subgroups revealed that this effect was highly consistent and present even in the absence of hypertension, left atrial enlargement, left ventricular hypertrophy or left ventricular dysfunction. The most prominent increase was observed in a subgroup with increased left ventricular mass index. By multivariate analysis, a statistically significant and independent association between beta-receptor antagonism and ANP, BNP and cGMP concentrations was confirmed. Such an association could not be demonstrated for other antihypertensive agents such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or diuretics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Beta-receptor antagonists appear to augment plasma ANP, BNP and cGMP concentrations. The current observation suggests an important contribution of the cardiac natriuretic peptide system to the therapeutic mechanism of beta-receptor antagonists.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, University of Regensburg, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Luchner
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Burnett
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jougasaki
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Hense
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Riegger
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schunkert
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000368:Aged; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000097:blood*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor