title: Outcome of surgical management of superior oblique palsy: a study of 123 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the outcome of the surgical management of superior oblique palsy at our institution.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of 123 patients who underwent surgical correction of superior oblique paresis at Bascom Palmer Eye Institute from 1976 to 1996. Subject-Patients: 67% were male and 33% female. The mean age at surgery was 30.5 years (range, 2-78 years). Etiologies of the pareses were trauma (34%), congenital (33%), and acquired/non-traumatic (33%). The mean angle of preoperative vertical deviation in primary gaze was 14.0 delta (range, 0-45 delta).
  
  
  METHODS
  109/123 (89%) patients underwent single muscle surgery. Of these 109, 57 had single oblique muscle surgery: a superior oblique tuck in 34/57 (60%); an inferior oblique weakening procedure in 22/57 (38%); and a Harada-Ito procedure in 1/57 (2%). The other 14 patients (11%) had bilateral surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The final postoperative vertical deviation in primary gaze was < or =3 PD in 60% of patients and < or =7 PD in 80%. The mean change in primary position vertical deviation postoperatively was 10.4 PD for distance and 13.0 PD for near. An "excellent" outcome (final vertical deviation &le3 PD in primary and reading gazes) was achieved most frequently in those patients with congenital pareses and isolated oblique muscle surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinically significant Brown's Syndrome occurred in 43/72 (60%) of those cases who had undergone a superior oblique tuck. The incidence of Brown's Syndrome was unrelated to tuck size. Reoperation was three times more likely to be necessary in traumatic cases than in congenital cases (35.0% vs 11.9%, p=0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on these results we recommend oblique muscle surgery as the initial procedure to correct superior oblique palsy when appropriate.
authors.affiliation: Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Simons
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Siatkowski
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Feuer
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Lavina
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Capó
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Flynn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015835:Ocular Motility Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000601:surgery*; D009886:Ophthalmoplegia / Q000151:congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome