title: X-linked retinitis pigmentosa in two families with a missense mutation in the RPGR gene and putative change of glycine to valine at codon 60.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study describes the ophthalmic findings in two unrelated white families with X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP) caused by a missense mutation in the retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator (RPGR) gene.
  
  
  METHODS
  Genetic screening and clinical correlation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six families with XLRP seen by the authors were screened for a possible mutation in the RPGR gene to identify three affected hemizygotes with retinitis pigmentosa and four heterozygote carriers in one family and one hemizygote and one carrier in a second family.
  
  
  METHODS
  All nine patients underwent a routine ocular examination, including slit-lamp biomicroscopy and a dilated fundus examination. Goldmann visual field kinetic perimetry, static threshold perimetry, and electroretinography also were obtained. The DNA screening was performed on the three affected male patients and four obligate carriers examined from one family and the two examined patients, plus an additional male and obligate carrier, from the second family to determine the presence of any causative mutation in the RPGR gene.
  
  
  METHODS
  Findings on fundus examination, static threshold and kinetic perimetry, and electroretinography testing were the main outcome measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A G-->T nucleotide change at position 238 in exon 3 of the RPGR gene resulting in a putative substitute of Gly-->Val at codon 60 was shown to segregate with RP in affected males and the carrier state in female heterozygotes in these two families. The ophthalmologic findings in hemizygotes as well as the carriers in this family were within the spectrum of findings characteristically noted in XLRP families. A tapetal-like reflex was not observed in any of the five female carriers. Psychophysical and electrophysiologic testing on the carriers indicated that cone and rod functions were impaired equivalently. When present in the carriers, visual field restriction was most apparent in, or limited to, the superotemporal quadrant, which corresponded to the retinal pigmentary changes that tended to occur in the inferonasal retina.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A mutation in exon 3 of the RPGR gene, which would result in a putative glycine to valine substitution at codon 60, is associated with a severe clinical phenotype in male patients and a patchy retinopathy without a tapetal-like reflex in carrier females. In these families, heterozygote carriers showed equivalent impairment of their cone and rod function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, USA.
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Fishman
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grover
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Derlacki
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Buraczynska
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Swaroop
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003062:Codon / Q000235:genetics*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004596:Electroretinography; D005136:Eye Proteins; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D005998:Glycine; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D010375:Pedigree; D017354:Point Mutation; D012174:Retinitis Pigmentosa / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D014633:Valine; D058609:Visual Field Tests; D014794:Visual Fields; D014960:X Chromosome / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D003062:Codon; D005136:Eye Proteins; C099929:RPGR protein, human; D014633:Valine; D005998:Glycine