title: Transducin-like Enhancer of split 2, a mammalian homologue of Drosophila Groucho, acts as a transcriptional repressor, interacts with Hairy/Enhancer of split proteins, and is expressed during neuronal development.
abstract: Groucho is a Drosophila transcriptional repressor involved in neurogenesis, segmentation, and sex determination together with basic helix-loop-helix proteins of the Hairy/Enhancer of split (HES) family. Several mammalian Groucho homologues, the Transducin-like Enhancer of split (TLE) 1 through 4 proteins, share similar properties with their Drosophila counterpart, suggesting that TLE proteins perform functions analogous to the roles of Groucho in Drosophila. The aim of this study was to examine this possibility by characterizing the properties of TLE2 and extending the analysis of TLE1. It is shown here that TLE2 and TLE1 are transcriptional repressors that contain two separate repression domains, located either within a Gln-rich amino terminal region or within an internal domain characterized by an abundance of Ser, Thr, and Pro residues. In addition, both TLE2 and TLE1 can homo- and heterodimerize through a short region that is part of their amino-terminal transcription repression domains. Finally, TLE2 interacts and is co-expressed with mammalian HES proteins in both neural and non-neural tissues. Taken together, these findings implicate TLE2 in transcriptional repression and define the structural elements that mediate transcriptional and protein-protein interaction functions of Groucho/TLE proteins.
authors.affiliation: Center for Neuronal Survival, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grbavec
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stifani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D002460:Cell Line; D056970:Co-Repressor Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D019281:Dimerization; D004330:Drosophila / Q000378:metabolism*; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D017930:Genes, Reporter / Q000235:genetics; D018257:Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs / Q000235:genetics; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051379:Mice; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D056970:Co-Repressor Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C116694:TLE2 protein, human; C434946:Tle1 protein, mouse; C091023:gro protein, Drosophila