Divergence of endocardial QT interval components during programmed electrical stimulation including observations during induction of sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias.
Measurements were made in 12 normal subjects and during induction of sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias in 31 patients with remote myocardial infarction. QT interval measurements were made semiautomatically with computer assistance and the total QT interval was divided into early (QT1) and late (QT2) components. QT intervals and QT interval dispersion between two right ventricular endocardial sites were plotted against the degree of prematurity of the last extrastimulus (S2, S3, or S4). In the control group, total QT and QT1 intervals shortened with increasing prematurity of the last extrastimulus (p < 0.001). Slopes (positive) were steeper with faster pacing rates (600, 500, or 400 ms) and more extrastimuli (1 to 3). The relationship between QT2 intervals and prematurity of the last extrastimulus was flat, but the slope was slightly negative (p = 0.05 to < 0.001) and did not vary with changes in pacing cycle length or number of extrastimuli. QT interval dispersion in the control group was minor (95% CI 0-40 ms). During induction of sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias, total QT and QT1 intervals were longer (y intercepts) than in the control group (p < 0.05 at 400-ms pacing cycle length) and their dispersion was increased (p < 0.05). Generally, QT2 intervals were shorter (p < 0.05 at 600-ms pacing cycle length) during induction of ventricular arrhythmias in comparison with the control group but dispersion was increased (p < 0.05 at 400-ms pacing cycle length). QT intervals and QT interval dispersion show an orderly and predictable relationship with prematurity of the last extrastimulus in normal subjects. These patterns differ during induction of sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Such differences may be exploited to derive clinically predictive and useful measurements.
Wyse
D G
DG
University of Calgary Medical Clinic, Alberta, Canada.
Mitchell
L B
LB
Sheldon
R S
RS
Gillis
A M
AM
Duff
H J
HJ
D000368:Aged; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D004699:Endocardium / Q000294:innervation*; D005260:Female; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000503:physiopathology; D013575:Syncope / Q000503:physiopathology