title: Treatment and prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.
abstract: Early effective management of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia improves outcome in patients with this disorder. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole remains the agent of choice for treatment of severe P. carinii pneumonia. Pentamidine, trimethoprim-dapsone, atovaquone, and other regimens are useful in selected clinical situations. Adjunctive corticosteroids are indicated in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome and P. carinii pneumonia who have moderate to severe P. carinii pneumonia defined as a room air arterial PaO2 less than 70 mm Hg or an alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient of greater than 35 mm Hg. The use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, dapsone, and aerosolized pentamidine in immunocompromised patients without AIDS is also reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Castro
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D053626:Atovaquone; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003622:Dapsone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009285:Naphthoquinones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010419:Pentamidine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011020:Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011379:Prognosis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D009285:Naphthoquinones; D010419:Pentamidine; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; D003622:Dapsone; D053626:Atovaquone