title: Ambulatory management of chemotherapy-induced fever and neutropenia in adult cancer patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the literature on the management of low-risk adults with chemotherapy-induced fever and neutropenia (CIFN). Included in the review are methods to identify these patients, management options, and economic impact associated with nontraditional treatment options.
  
  
  METHODS
  A MEDLINE and bibliographic search (January 1966-December 1997) for all English-language studies evaluating the identification and treatment of adult, low-risk CIFN patients was completed. Reference lists from identified articles also served as literature sources.
  
  
  METHODS
  All human studies identified from the data sources were evaluated. Pertinent information, excluding pediatric studies, was selected and critically evaluated for discussion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Alterations in prominent bacterial isolates in CIFN, newer antibiotic choices, enhanced focus on patient comfort, and cost-containment directives have promoted recent research identifying adult cancer patients with low-risk CIFN. Using this information to select low-risk CIFN patients, several investigators have completed trials using antibiotic therapy applicable to the ambulatory setting. Additionally, some investigators have included the use of an oral outpatient antibiotic regimen. Limited data indicate that this approach is a reasonable treatment option for selected patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A subset of adult patients with CIFN are at low risk for serious morbidity and mortality when treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics in the ambulatory setting. Managing these patients with this approach requires close patient selection, intense follow-up, data collection, and ongoing evaluation to determine efficacy and patient safety. Currently, ambulatory treatment with oral antibiotics for CIFN is not considered standard of care. Further studies of larger size designed to confirm low-risk patient characteristics and optimal antibiotic selection are required.
authors.affiliation: Kaiser Permanente Rocky Mountain Division, Denver, CO, USA.
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Raebel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005334:Fever / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents