title: Sleep disturbance in spinocerebellar ataxias: is the SCA3 mutation a cause of restless legs syndrome?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify and to characterize sleep disturbances in patients with hereditary ataxias.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  We observed restless legs syndrome (RLS) and impaired sleep as a frequent yet unrecognized symptom in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 89 patients with genetically defined subtypes of autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias were investigated for sleep history and neurologic findings according to a standardized protocol. Nerve conduction studies were performed. Sleep was studied by overnight polysomnography in seven patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RLS was present in 45% of SCA3 patients but is rare in other types of autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias. RLS was a frequent but not the only cause of sleep impairment in SCA3. Impaired sleep in SCA3 is associated with older age, long-standing disease, and brainstem involvement. RLS tended to be more frequent in patients with clinical signs of polyneuropathy, but RLS was not restricted to patients with peripheral neuropathy. RLS was not observed in healthy members of SCA3 families.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RLS is a frequent and treatable cause of disabling sleep disturbance in SCA3. This study provides evidence for the expanded CAG repeat in the SCA3 gene as a molecular factor causing RLS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schöls
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Haan
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Riess
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Amoiridis
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Przuntek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015259:Dopamine Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005260:Female; D005799:Genes, Dominant; D006801:Humans; D007980:Levodopa / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017827:Machado-Joseph Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D017286:Polysomnography; D012148:Restless Legs Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics*; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D015259:Dopamine Agents; D007980:Levodopa