title: DNA mismatch repair and O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase analysis and response to Temodal in newly diagnosed malignant glioma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the response to Temodal (Schering-Plough Research Institute, Kenilworth, NJ) of patients with newly diagnosed malignant glioma, as well as the predictive value of quantifying tumor DNA mismatch repair activity and O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-three patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and five patients with newly diagnosed anaplastic astrocytoma (AA) were treated with Temodal at a starting dose of 200 mg/m2 daily for 5 consecutive days with repeat dosing every 28 days after the first daily dose. Immunochemistry for the detection of the human DNA mismatch repair proteins MSH2 and MLH1 and the DNA repair protein AGT was performed with monoclonal antibodies and characterized with respect to percent positive staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 33 patients with GBM, complete responses (CRs) occurred in three patients, partial responses (PRs) occurred in 14 patients, stable disease (SD) was seen in four patients, and 12 patients developed progressive disease (PD). Toxicity included infrequent grades 3 and 4 myelosuppression, constipation, nausea, and headache. Thirty tumors showed greater than 60% cells that stained for MSH2 and MLH1, with three CRs, 12 PRs, three SDs, and 12 PDs. Eight tumors showed 60% or less cells that stained with antibodies to MSH2 and/or MLH1, with 3 PRs, 3 SDs, and 2 PDs. Eleven tumors showed 20% or greater cells that stained with an antibody to AGT, with 1 PR, 2 SDs, and 8 PDs. Twenty-five tumors showed less than 20% cells that stained for AGT, with 3 CRs, 12 PRs, 4 SDs, and 6 PDs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that Temodal has activity against newly diagnosed GBM and AA and warrants continued evaluation of this agent. Furthermore, pretherapy analysis of tumor DNA mismatch repair and, particularly, AGT protein expression may identify patients in whom tumors are resistant to Temodal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. fried003@mc.duke.edu
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: McLendon
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kerby
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dugan
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Bigner
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Ashley
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Krischer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lovell
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rasheed
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marchev
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Seman
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cokgor
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rich
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: O M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Colvin
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Provenzale
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Bigner
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Haglund
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Modrich
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000187:drug effects*; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000187:drug effects*; D003606:Dacarbazine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019853:O(6)-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase / Q000235:genetics*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D000077204:Temozolomide; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D007093:Imidazoles; D003606:Dacarbazine; D019853:O(6)-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase; D000077204:Temozolomide