title: Role of endoscopy in nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug clinical trials.
abstract: Endoscopy is a useful tool that can be used to determine the acute or chronic gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and to confirm outcomes in clinical trials. However, since evaluations of endoscopic injuries are to some extent subjective (e.g., the endoscopic distinction between an erosion and an ulcer), such injuries must be clearly and correctly defined before the data can be analyzed and considered meaningful. Definitions of injury, endpoints, and protocol design must be consistent with the intent of the study. This becomes evident in drawing distinctions between acute injury, which may resolve, and chronic injury that occurs over a longer period of time. The intent of the study itself should be clearly defined and based on realistic and realizable goals. Only when these criteria are met, and preferably standardized, can clinically relevant studies be performed and compared.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle 98195, USA.
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Kimmey
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal