title: [Risk factors related to esophageal cancer in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rio Grande do Sul, a State in southern Brazil, shows high mortality rates for esophageal cancer. Important geographical variations suggest external factors in the etiology.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The relationship between smoking, alcohol and "mate" to esophageal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  55 patients with esophageal cancer were interviewed, soon after the endoscopy, about risk factors; 110 patients who did not showed esophageal tumor in the endoscopy were the controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the patients with esophageal cancer there were more farmer-workers (OD 3.3; 95% CI 0.9-11.2), father with antecedent cancer (OD 6.9; 95% CI 1.9-25.6), smoking and ex-smoking (OD 2.5; 95% CI 1.1-5.9), drinkers and ex- of alcohol (OD 5.3; 95% CI 2.6-11.0), drinkers and ex- of "mate" (OD 3.6; 95% CI 1.3-9.8). Others variables more frequent in the cases were: smoking for > 20 years; kind of alcohol (spirits), drinking alcohol every day, drinking "mate" every day and adding salt to food.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smoking, alcohol, "mate", farmer-workers and antecedent of father with cancer were significantly more frequent in the cases of esophageal cancer than in the controls.
authors.affiliation: Serviço de Endoscopia do Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Porto Alegre, RS.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dietz
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Pardo
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Furtado
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Harzheim
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Furtado
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D015981:Epidemiologic Factors; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors
vernacular_title: Fatores de risco relacionados ao câncer de esôfago no Rio Grande do Sul.