title: In vitro and in vivo comparisons of valnemulin, tiamulin, tylosin, enrofloxacin, and lincomycin/spectinomycin against Mycoplasma gallisepticum.
abstract: The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for valnemulin, tiamulin, enrofloxacin, tylosin, and lincomycin/spectinomycin were determined for a virulent strain of Mycoplasma gallispeticum (MG). At the initial reading, the lowest MICs were seen with valnemulin and tiamulin, followed by tylosin, enrofloxacin, and a relatively high MIC for lincomycin/spectinomycin. At the final reading, at 14 days, a similar pattern was obtained, with valnemulin giving the lowest MIC (< 0.008 mg/ml). The same strain of MG was used to infect groups of 20 2-day-old chicks in two separate experiments. In both, several concentrations of valnemulin and tiamulin and one each of tylosin and enrofloxacin were administered to separate groups in the drinking water. In the second experiment, one group of chicks was given lincomycin/spectinomycin. Each experiment had one infected unmedicated group and an uninfected unmedicated group. Mortality, clinical signs, and gross lesions, in both experiments, were significantly less (P < 0.001) in the uninfected and infected medicated groups (except for the two lowest dosages of valnemulin, lincomycin, and spectinomycin) than in the infected unmedicated groups. Also, the mean body weight gain was greater in the uninfected and infected medicated groups. Among the infected birds, MG was recovered from fewer chicks in the infected medicated groups except for the lowest two dosages of valnemulin. Serologic results were negative for the uninfected groups, and there were fewer positive reactors for the infected medicated groups except for the group treated with lincomycin/spectinomycin. Valnemulin should prove to be a useful addition to the antimicrobials in the control of MG infection in chickens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Liverpool Veterinary Field Station, Cheshire, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: F T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Jordan
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Forrester
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Ripley
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Burch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002645:Chickens; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D004338:Drug Combinations; D000077422:Enrofloxacin; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D008034:Lincomycin / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009174:Mycoplasma / Q000187:drug effects*; D009175:Mycoplasma Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015363:Quinolones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000198:Spectinomycin / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015645:Tylosin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D004224:Diterpenes; D004338:Drug Combinations; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D015363:Quinolones; C117845:valnemulin; D000077422:Enrofloxacin; D000198:Spectinomycin; D008034:Lincomycin; C014224:tiamulin; D015645:Tylosin