title: Induction of antisense Pax-3 expression leads to the rapid morphological differentiation of neuronal cells and an altered response to the mitogenic growth factor bFGF.
abstract: Mutations within the Pax-3 gene lead to a range of developmental abnormalities in both humans and mice. In this report, we have investigated the role that Pax-3 plays in neuronal cell development by specifically downregulating Pax-3 expression within a neuronal cell line. This was achieved by stably transfecting the neuronal cell line ND7 with an expression vector in which antisense Pax-3 RNA was produced under the control of the inducible MMTV promoter. In the stable transfectants, we found that the addition of dexamethasone led to the induction of antisense Pax-3 RNA and a rapid downregulation in endogenous Pax-3 protein expression. The decrease in endogenous Pax-3 protein expression corresponded with a dramatic change in the morphology of the cell: the normally rounded ND7 cells exhibited increased cell to substrate adhesion, extended long neurite processes and expressed genes such as snap-25 that are characteristic of a mature neuron. The morphological differentiation induced by a reduction in Pax-3 expression was followed 24-48 hours later by a cessation in cell proliferation. Interestingly the morphological differentiation and cessation in cell proliferation inducted in the cell lines lacking Pax-3 could be reversed by the addition of the mitogenic growth factor EGF but not by bFGF, whose receptor was downregulated in these cells. These results suggest that the expression of Pax-3 is essential to maintain the undifferentiated phenotype of these immature neuronal cells, and in its absence the cells acquire many of the characteristics of a mature neuronal cell. The slow onset of cell cycle arrest in the cells lacking Pax-3 argues against this transcription factor playing a direct role in the regulation of neuronal cell proliferation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Bassett Crescent East, Southampton, SO16 7PX, UK. KAL@soton.ac.uk.
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Reeves
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Burdge
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Fredericks
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Rauscher
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Lillycrop
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D002460:Cell Line; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005136:Eye Proteins; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009154:Mutation; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000072041:PAX3 Transcription Factor; D000071841:PAX6 Transcription Factor; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors; D016372:RNA, Antisense / Q000235:genetics; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005136:Eye Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D000072041:PAX3 Transcription Factor; C489409:PAX3 protein, human; D000071841:PAX6 Transcription Factor; C000605730:PAX6 protein, human; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors; C000605732:Pax6 protein, mouse; D016372:RNA, Antisense; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; C068686:Pax3 protein, mouse