title: Increased expression of mRNA for matrix metalloproteinases-1 and -3 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 in intestinal biopsy specimens from patients with coeliac disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation may play a role in villus atrophy in coeliac disease (CD).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the cellular expression of mRNA transcripts for the two major matrix degrading proteases, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-3, their inhibitor, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1, and procollagen I in the intestinal mucosa of patients with untreated and treated CD and normal controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Duodenal biopsy specimens from ten untreated CD patients, from six of these after a gluten free diet, and from ten control patients were hybridised with 35S-labelled RNA probes. The number of positive cells in the subepithelial region and lamina propria were counted microscopically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The numbers of cells positive for MMP-1 (p<0.005), MMP-3 (p<0.01), and TIMP-1 (p<0.05) mRNA were higher in the subepithelial region of CD mucosa than in that from controls. In the lamina propria, only cells positive for MMP-1 mRNA were increased in CD patients compared with controls (p<0.01). MMP-1 and MMP-3 mRNA expression returned to normal in CD patients after treatment with a gluten free diet (p<0.05), while TIMP-1 mRNA expression remained elevated. The number of procollagen I mRNA expressing cells did not change. Expression of MMP-1 and MMP-3 mRNA was mainly localised to subepithelial fibroblasts and macrophages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The decreased ratio of collagen I and TIMP-1 mRNA expressing cells to MMP-1 and MMP-3 mRNA expressing cells in untreated CD suggests a shift towards ECM degradation. ECM degradation by activated subepithelial fibroblasts and macrophages may be an important mechanism driving mucosal transformation in CD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, Klinikum Benjamin Franklin, Free University of Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Daum
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Foss
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schuppan
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: E O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Riecken
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ullrich
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D017364:Collagenases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011347:Procollagen / Q000378:metabolism; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D011347:Procollagen; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; D017364:Collagenases; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1