title: The chemokine growth-regulated oncogene-alpha promotes spinal cord oligodendrocyte precursor proliferation.
abstract: Chemokines, (chemotactic cytokines) are a family of regulatory molecules involved in modulating inflammatory responses. Here we demonstrate that the chemokine growth-regulated oncogene-alpha (GRO-alpha) is a potent promoter of oligodendrocyte precursor proliferation. The proliferative response of immature spinal cord oligodendrocyte precursors to their major mitogen, platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), is dramatically enhanced by GRO-alpha present in spinal cord conditioned medium. One source of GRO-alpha is a subset of spinal cord astrocytes. Cultures of astrocytes contain GRO-alpha mRNA and protein and secrete biologically active concentrations of GRO-alpha. In postnatal spinal cord white matter the location of GRO-alpha-immunoreactive cells is developmentally regulated: GRO-alpha+ cells first appear in ventral and later in dorsal spinal cord white matter. These results suggest that localized proliferation of oligodendrocytes is mediated by synergy between PDGF and GRO-alpha.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tani
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Strieter
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Ransohoff
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D002630:Chemotactic Factors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005732:Gangliosides / Q000032:analysis; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009836:Oligodendroglia / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000166:cytology*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D002630:Chemotactic Factors; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; C513297:Cxcl1 protein, rat; D005732:Gangliosides; D006133:Growth Substances; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C062875:ganglioside A2B5