title: Pharmacology and toxicology of ATOA, an AMPA receptor antagonist and a partial agonist at GluR5 receptors.
abstract: (RS)-2-Amino-3-[3-(carboxymethoxy)-5-tert-butyl-4-isoxazolyl]propi onic acid (ATOA) has previously been described as an antagonist at (RS)-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid (AMPA) receptors with an IC50 value of 150 microM towards AMPA-induced depolarisation in the rat cortical wedge preparation. ATOA has now been shown also to be a partial agonist at recombinant GluR5 receptors, expressed in Xenopus oocytes, with an EC50 value of 170 microM and a relative efficacy of 0.17 +/- 0.04 compared with responses produced by kainic acid (1.0). Using cultured cerebral cortical neurones as a test system and leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as an indicator of cell damage, ATOA was shown to be cytotoxic (ED50 > 300 microM), though much less toxic than the structurally related dual AMPA and GluR5 agonist, (RS)-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-tert-butyl-4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid (ATPA) (ED50 = 14 +/- 2 microM). The toxic effect of ATPA was sensitive to 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (DNQX) but was not significantly reduced by the selective AMPA receptor antagonist, (RS)-2-amino-3-[3-(carboxymethoxy)-5-methyl-4-isoxazolyl]propionic acid (AMOA). The toxicity of ATOA (1 mM) could not be significantly attenuated by co-administration of AMOA (300 microM) or DNQX (25 microM). A structure-activity analysis indicates that the tert-butyl group of ATPA and ATOA facilitates the interaction of these compounds with GluR5 receptors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wahl
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Frandsen
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Madsen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schousboe
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Krogsgaard-Larsen
mesh_terms: D000409:Alanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007555:Isoxazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018091:Receptors, AMPA / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D018092:Kainic Acid Receptors / Q000819:agonists*; D014982:Xenopus laevis
chemical_list: D000409:Alanine; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D007555:Isoxazoles; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D018091:Receptors, AMPA; D018092:Kainic Acid Receptors; C117449:2-amino-3-(3-(carboxymethoxy)-5-tert-butyl-4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid