title: Angioplasty and stenting of the extracranial carotid arteries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the feasibility and safety of stent-supported angioplasty in the treatment of atherosclerotic stenoses of the extracranial carotid arteries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Carotid angioplasty was attempted in 174 arteries (163 patients: 126 males; mean age: 71 +/- 10 years, range 47 to 93). Mean lesion length was 15.1 +/- 4.1 mm, and mean percent stenosis was 83.8% +/- 7.3% (reference diameter 5.8 +/- 0.7 mm). The majority (106, 65%) were asymptomatic (51% of all patients had severe coronary disease, 32% had peripheral vascular diseases). Patients underwent independent neurological examination, computed tomography, duplex ultrasonography, and angiography preprocedurally, 24 hours after the procedure, and at 6-month follow-up intervals. Most (142, 82%) carotid arteries were treated without cerebral protection, but a protective triple coaxial catheter was used in 32 (18%) patients. Stents (primarily Palmaz and Wallstent) were deployed routinely in all cases; 18% were implanted without predilation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immediate technical success was 173 of 174 (99.4%) (1 access failure referred electively to surgery). Eight (4.6%) neurological complications occurred in the periprocedural period: 3 transient ischemic attacks, 2 minor strokes, and 3 major strokes (1 amaurosis and 2 hemiplegias). Two major complications developed despite cerebral protection. There were no deaths or myocardial infarctions and only 3 cervical access site hematomas. Over a mean 12.7 +/- 9.2 month follow-up (range 1 to 36), no ipsilateral neurological complications have been seen. There were 4 (2.3%) restenoses (3 redilated, 1 treated medically) and 1 mild Palmaz stent compression, all found within the first 6 months. Primary and secondary patencies at 3 years are 96% and 99%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Angioplasty with routine stenting seems feasible and safe for treating certain types of carotid stenoses even in high-surgical risk patients; however, randomized trials are necessary before this treatment can be offered as an alternative to endarterectomy.
authors.affiliation: Polyclinique Essey-les-Nancy, UCCI, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amor
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Masson
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tzvetanov
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chati
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khanna
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000628:therapy*; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000628:therapy*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014654:Vascular Patency