title: Assessing the new public management: the case of the National Health Service.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper reviews the origins, core principles and impact of New Public Management (NPM) in the UK public services, with particular attention paid to the emergence of NPM in the National Health Service (NHS).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  NPM represents a distinct break from traditional forms of public sector administration. Whilst its origins are grounded in economic crisis and New Right ideology, NPM philosophies and practices have since found wider acceptance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Selective review of key journal papers, books and policy documents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NPM is characterized by: managers being 'free to manage'; public sector disaggregation; competition; concern for efficiency; concern for outcomes; concern for quality; individualism rather than collectivism; and identification of the public service user as 'customer', 'consumer' or 'citizen'.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NPM has taken root in the NHS. Future reform of the health service is likely to modify some aspects of NPM, though many of the core themes of NPM in the NHS look likely to remain for the foreseeable future.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing Studies, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hannigan
mesh_terms: D003659:Decision Making, Organizational; D018166:Health Care Reform / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D008330:Management Audit / Q000458:organization & administration*; D009936:Organizational Innovation; D009937:Organizational Objectives; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010686:Philosophy, Medical; D017150:Public Sector / Q000458:organization & administration*; D013222:State Medicine / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006113:United Kingdom