title: The treatment of chronic depression, part 2: a double-blind, randomized trial of sertraline and imipramine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic depression appears to be a common, frequently disabling illness that is often inadequately treated. Unlike episodic depressions with shorter illness duration, neither acute nor long-term treatment approaches for chronic depression have been well studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  635 outpatients at 12 sites who met DSM-III-R criteria for chronic major depression or double depression were randomly assigned to 12 weeks of double-blind treatment with either sertraline (in daily doses of 50-200 mg) or imipramine (in daily doses of 50-300 mg). Efficacy and safety were assessed either weekly or every 2 weeks during the 12 weeks of acute treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Despite high rates of chronicity (mean duration of major depression = 8.9+/-9.1 years; mean duration of dysthymia = 23+/-13 years) and high rates of comorbidity, 52% of patients achieved a satisfactory therapeutic response to sertraline or imipramine (by a conservative, intent-to-treat analysis). Approximately 21% of the patients who had achieved a therapeutic response at week 12 had not done so at week 8, confirming the longer time to response in depressions with high chronicity. Patients treated with sertraline reported significantly fewer adverse events and were significantly less likely to discontinue treatment due to side effects than imipramine-treated patients (6.3% vs. 12.0%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that patients suffering from depression with high chronicity can achieve a good therapeutic response to acute treatment with either sertraline or imipramine, although sertraline is better tolerated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Butler Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Gelenberg
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Hirschfeld
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Rush
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Thase
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kocsis
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Markowitz
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Fawcett
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Koran
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Kornstein
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: McCullough
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Harrison
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015897:Comorbidity; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D019263:Dysthymic Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007099:Imipramine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020280:Sertraline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; D007099:Imipramine; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; D020280:Sertraline