title: Immunoablative high-dose cyclophosphamide without stem-cell rescue for refractory, severe autoimmune disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Immunoablative high-dose cyclophosphamide without stem-cell rescue induces durable, complete remission in most patients with aplastic anemia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the efficacy of high-dose cyclophosphamide in various refractory, severe autoimmune diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective phase II study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Johns Hopkins University (Baltimore, Maryland) and Hahnemann University (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight patients with refractory, severe autoimmune disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunoablative high-dose cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg of body weight per day) for 4 consecutive days.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical and laboratory variables of autoimmune disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven patients improved markedly: Five achieved complete remission and two achieved partial remission. Four patients have remained in continuous complete remission for 3 to 21 months, and two patients in partial remission continue to improve after 14 and 19 months of follow-up. High-dose cyclophosphamide was well tolerated; median times to a neutrophil count of 0.5 x 10(9) cells/L and platelet transfusion independence were 17 and 16 days, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Immunoablative high-dose cyclophosphamide without stem-cell rescue can induce complete remission in patients with refractory, severe autoimmune disease. Reemergence of marrow function is similar to that seen after autologous transplantation and does not carry the risk for reinfusion of autoaggressive lymphocytes with the autograft.
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Brodsky
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petri
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Seifter
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Spivak
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Styler
authors.forename: C V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Dang
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Brodsky
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012074:Remission Induction; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D003520:Cyclophosphamide