title: Cardiovascular and muscular adaptations to combined endurance and strength training in elderly women.
abstract: Twenty-one women aged 60-75 years were examined to determine whether combined endurance and strength training resulted in greater increase in peak oxygen consumption, sub-maximal time to fatigue, cardiac output, stroke volume, and leg extension load when compared to endurance training alone. Subjects in both the endurance training (E) and endurance and strength (E & S) groups trained 3 days a week, for 12 weeks, at an intensity of 70-80% Vo2 peak for 30 min on a cycle ergometer. Subjects in the E & S groups also used resistance equipment to train the knee extensors. The workload for resistance training was based on an initial assessment of 10 repetitions maximum (10 RM), with 80% of that value used for training, three times weekly. Peak oxygen consumption increased to an average of 24.8 and 29.9% in the E and E & S groups, respectively, with no difference between groups. Subjects in the E & S and E groups significantly increased sub-maximal endurance time by 396 and 165%, respectively. Cardiac output, stroke volume, and arteriovenous oxygen difference at 80% peak VO2 were unchanged by either of the training methods. A needle biopsy was taken from the vastus lateralis before and after 12 weeks of training. Chi-square analysis of fibre area data showed an increase in the frequency of larger type I fibres in the post-training data from the E & S group, but an increase in the frequency of smaller fibres in the E group post-training; however, mean fibre area was not significantly changed by training. These data suggest that greater improvements in sub-maximal time to fatigue and strength is achieved when resistance training is added to an aerobic training programme in healthy elderly women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, USA.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Ferketich
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Kirby
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Alway
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology*; D002950:Citrate (si)-Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D005080:Exercise Test; D017079:Exercise Tolerance / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D010092:Oximetry; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D014891:Weight Lifting / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002950:Citrate (si)-Synthase; D010100:Oxygen