title: Isokinetic strength testing does not predict hamstring injury in Australian Rules footballers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relation of hamstring and quadriceps muscle strength and imbalance to hamstring injury using a prospective observational cohort study
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 102 senior male Australian Rules footballers aged 22.2 (3.6) years were tested at the start of a football season. Maximum voluntary concentric and eccentric torque of the hamstring and quadriceps muscles of both legs was assessed using a Kin-Com isokinetic dynamometer at angular velocities of 60 and 180 degrees/second. Twelve (11.8%) players sustained clinically diagnosed hamstring strains which caused them to miss one or more matches over the ensuing season.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences for any of the isokinetic variables comparing the injured and non-injured legs in players with unilateral hamstring strains (n=9). Neither the injured nor the non-injured leg of injured players differed from the mean of left and right legs in non-injured players for any isokinetic variable. The hamstring to opposite hamstring ratios also did not differ between injured and non-injured players. A hamstring to opposite hamstring ratio of less than 0.90 and a hamstring to quadriceps ratio of less than 0.60 were not associated with an increased risk of hamstring injury. A significantly greater percentage of players who sustained a hamstring strain reported a history of hamstring strain compared with non-injured players (p=0.02). However, this was not related to muscle weakness or imbalance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Isokinetic muscle strength testing was not able to directly discriminate Australian Rules football players at risk for a hamstring injury.
authors.affiliation: School of Physiotherapy, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bennell
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wajswelner
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lew
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schall-Riaucour
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leslie
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Plant
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cirone
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005538:Football / Q000293:injuries / Q000502:physiology*; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D018908:Muscle Weakness / Q000503:physiopathology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013180:Sprains and Strains / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013708:Tendon Injuries / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013710:Tendons / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D019415:Torque