title: Topotecan in previously treated advanced urothelial carcinoma: an ECOG phase II trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  [corrected] Chemotherapeutic agents are playing an increasing role in the management of urothelial carcinoma. Despite recent advances in the treatment of this disease there continues to be a need to identify new active agents and their toxicity spectra. Topotecan is an agent as yet unstudied in bladder cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ambulatory patients with progressive advanced urothelial carcinoma following prior systemic chemotherapy were treated with topotecan 1.5 mg/m2 intravenously (i.v.) daily for 5 days every three weeks for 6 cycles. Doses were modified for leukopenic fever, thrombocytopenic bleeding, and any grade 3 or 4 (NCI common toxicity criteria) toxicity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-four eligible patients entered the trial. There were 4 partial responses for an overall response rate of 9.1% (exact 95% two-stage binomial CI, 2.9% to 25.5%). Major identified toxicities were gastrointestinal and myelosuppression. There were no treatment-related deaths.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Topotecan at this dose and schedule has minimal activity in previously treated patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma. Toxicities can be severe but are manageable.
authors.affiliation: Gundersen Clinic, Ltd., La Crosse, WI 54601, USA.
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Witte
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Manola
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Burch
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuzel
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Weinshel
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Loehrer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D015996:Survival Rate; D019772:Topotecan / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019459:Urothelium
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D019772:Topotecan