title: Percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (PENS): a complementary therapy for the management of pain secondary to bony metastasis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the use of a novel nonpharmacologic analgesic therapy known as percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (PENS) in the management of opioid-resistant cancer pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  PENS therapy was administered to three cancer patients on three or more occasion using acupuncturelike needle probes that were stimulated for 30 minutes at frequencies of 4-100 Hz.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two of the three patients achieved good to excellent pain relief that lasted 24-72 hours after each treatment session.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PENS therapy is a useful supplement to opioid analgesics for the management of pain secondary to bony metastasis in terminal cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Eugene McDermott Center for Pain Management, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 75235-9068, USA.
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Craig
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Huber
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy*; D004351:Drug Resistance; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D015671:Electroacupuncture / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008488:Medical Illustration; D008875:Middle Aged; D009294:Narcotics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009339:Needles; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000379:methods*; D019233:Retreatment; D019452:Terminally Ill; D004561:Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation / Q000295:instrumentation; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D009294:Narcotics