title: The effects of regular inhaled formoterol, budesonide, and placebo on mucosal inflammation and clinical indices in mild asthma.
abstract: The present study was designed to observe the effects of 8 wk of treatment with formoterol (Foradil) 24 microgram, budesonide 400 microgram, and matched placebo inhaled twice a day on inflammatory indices in the bronchial mucosa of 64 patients with mild atopic asthma. Biopsies were obtained at the start and 1 wk before stopping a 9-wk period of treatment, and inflammatory cell numbers were assessed in the submucosa and epithelium by immunohistochemistry. Regular formoterol significantly reduced the number of submucosal mast cells, with a similar trend for eosinophils but not activated T cells. A subgroup analysis conducted in biopsies with >= 10 eosinophils per mm2 revealed a significant reduction in eosinophil numbers when compared with both pretreatment baseline (p < 0.01) and changes after placebo (p < 0.01). Parallel, but less pronounced, effects were observed on mast cell but not on CD25(+) T cell numbers. There was no effect of any of the three treatments on BAL levels of mast cell or eosinophil mediators. We conclude that regular treatment with inhaled formoterol reduces rather than increases inflammatory cells in the mucosa of asthmatic patients. It is possible that these cellular effects of formoterol may contribute to the therapeutic efficacy of this drug when used regularly in the treatment
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, University Hospital, and National Institute of Occupational Health, Medical Division, Umeâ, Sweden.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wallin
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sandström
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Söderberg
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Howarth
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lundbäck
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Della-Cioppa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Judd
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Djukanović
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Holgate
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lindberg
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Larssen
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Melander
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001980:Bronchi / Q000473:pathology; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019819:Budesonide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004983:Ethanolamines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D000068759:Formoterol Fumarate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects*; D010919:Placebos; D013280:Stomatitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D004983:Ethanolamines; D010919:Placebos; D019819:Budesonide; D000068759:Formoterol Fumarate