title: Detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection by ligase chain reaction testing of urine among adolescent women with and without Chlamydia trachomatis infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Culture, the conventional method for detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, requires invasive sampling and stringent specimen transport conditions. The recently developed ligase chain reaction test (LCR; Abbott Laboratories; North Chicago, IL) allows noninvasive sampling and stable transport conditions, but has not been evaluated with specimens from adolescent populations.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To perform a comparative evaluation of a commercial LCR test and culture for the diagnosis of N. gonorrhoeae in adolescent women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urine and endocervical swab specimens from 330 teenage women seen in two public health adolescent clinics were tested by LCR and culture. For resolution of discordant results, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test was developed that directly amplifies N. gonorrhoeae DNA from urine samples processed for LCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-one of 330 (9.4%) cervical specimens were culture-positive for N. gonorrhoeae, and 30 of 330 (9.1%) urine specimens were positive by LCR. After resolution of 13 discordant results, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of LCR for urine were 88.2%, 100%, 100%, 98.7%, respectively, and for culture of endocervical specimens were 82.3%, 98.9%, 90.3% and 98%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although more expensive than culture, LCR offers a sensitive means for the detection of N. gonorrhoeae in urine samples and may be useful for this purpose in settings where pelvic examinations are difficult to perform and simultaneous detection of N. gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis is advantageous.
authors.affiliation: National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Glanton
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Beck-Sagué
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bhullar
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Candal
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Pettus
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Farshy
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Black
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000382:microbiology; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011088:DNA Ligases; D017931:DNA Primers; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006069:Gonorrhea / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D009344:Neisseria gonorrhoeae / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D011088:DNA Ligases