title: Time course of antibody response to tetanus toxoid and pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides in patients infected with HIV.
abstract: The temporal course of the humoral immune response to T-cell-dependent and T-cell-independent type 2 antigens was evaluated in HIV-infected patients. In all, 26 seropositive patients were vaccinated with tetanus toxoid and 23-valent pneumococcal vaccines; total IgG and IgG1 antibodies to tetanus toxoid (Ttox) and total IgG and IgG2 antibodies against 23 Streptococcus pneumoniae capsular antigens (PPS) were measured at baseline, 2 months, and 12 months after vaccination. For the Ttox, baseline levels of IgG1 (Ttox-IgG1) increased from 11.0 to 19.5 mg/L at 2 months postimmunization. Overall only 6 patients (23%) showed a significant response. At 12 months postvaccination, Ttox-IgG and T-tox-IgG1 were significantly lower than baseline levels (Ttox IgG basal; 11.0 mg/L, 12 months; 0.8 mg/L, Ttox IgG1 baseline; 13.1 mg/L, Ttox IgG1 12 months; 2.4 mg/L) and in 10 patients, antibodies that fell below protective levels (0.6 mg/L). In contrast with PPS, a significant response was observed at 2 and 12 months (PPS-IgG basal; 35.9 U/ml, 2 months; 151.4 U/ml, 12 months; 59.7 U/ml; PPS-IgG2 baseline 20.3 U/ml, 2 months; 113.2 U/ml, 12 months; 51.9 U/ml). Overall, 19 patients (76%) showed an immune response to pneumococcal polysaccharides antigens. Immunization with the Ttox T-cell-dependent antigen fails to elicit a significant immune response and may induce inhibition of antibody production in HIV-infected patients. In contrast, immunization with a T-cell-independent type 2 antigen can cause the pneumococcal polysaccharides to induce significant immune response in a high proportion of HIV-infected patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago. reumatomed.puc.cl.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Talesnik
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Vial
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Labarca
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Méndez
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Soza
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000276:immunology*; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid / Q000276:immunology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid