title: Structural organization of MAP-kinase signaling modules by scaffold proteins in yeast and mammals.
abstract: MAP-kinase signaling pathways are activated by multiple extracellular stimuli. The specificity of activation and function of MAP-kinase signaling modules is determined, in part, by scaffold proteins that create multienzyme complexes. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, two MAP-kinase-scaffold proteins have been identified. Recent studies of mammalian cells have also led to the identification of putative scaffold proteins. These scaffold proteins appear to facilitate MAP-kinase activation, in response to specific physiological stimuli, and to insulate the bound MAP-kinase module against activation by irrelevant stimuli. Scaffold proteins are therefore critical components of MAP-kinase modules and ensure signaling specificity.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, USA.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Whitmarsh
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000818:Animals; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008322:Mammals; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D029702:Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D015003:Yeasts / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D011506:Proteins; C065889:SPA2 protein, S cerevisiae; C080321:STE5 protein, S cerevisiae; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D029702:Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C071596:ste11 protein, S pombe; D011494:Protein Kinases; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; C089356:PBS2 protein, S cerevisiae