title: The manner of death among fatalities where dextropropoxyphene caused or contributed to death.
abstract: Dextropropoxyphene (DXP) is one of the most prescribed analgesic compounds in Sweden. To investigate the manner of death among fatalities where DXP caused or contributed to death all medico-legal autopsies performed in Sweden in 1992-1996 were analysed on the bases of toxicological analyses and death certificates. DXP in peripheral blood was found in 1782 (7.5%) of the total 23,691 blood samples. According to the death certificates 956 (54%) of the 1782 cases were classified as fatal DXP poisoning. Among these, the manner of death was classified as accidental in 49 cases (5%), suicidal in 542 cases (57%) and undetermined in 365 cases (38%). The reported manner of death differed between the six forensic medicine districts in Sweden. The accident rate differed significantly between the district with the highest rate (9%) and the districts with the lowest rate (1%). One district had a significantly higher incidence of suicide (73%) than four of the other districts, while another district had a significantly lower incidence of suicide (33%) than all the other districts. The accident classification rate among the physicians performing ten or more autopsies varied from 0% to 17%, the suicide classification rate from 25% to 83% and the rate of undetermined manner of death from 8% to 71%. A major conclusion drawn from this study is that accidental DXP fatalities may be underestimated. This may have serious consequences, as under-reporting of accidental DXP fatalities will increase the risk that knowledge of the high toxicity of DXP will not reach the population consuming this drug. Since valid death statistics concerning the manner of death at DXP fatalities are needed to provide the base for preventive actions, special attention should be paid to the classification process, in order to increase the uniformity of the assessments among the different physicians, and to avoid under-reporting of accidents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jonasson
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Jonasson
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saldeen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000097:blood / Q000506:poisoning*; D002423:Cause of Death; D003644:Death Certificates; D011431:Dextropropoxyphene / Q000097:blood / Q000506:poisoning*; D005260:Female; D005554:Forensic Medicine; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011041:Poisoning / Q000401:mortality; D013405:Suicide / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D011431:Dextropropoxyphene