title: Intra-abdominal Candida infection during acute necrotizing pancreatitis has a high prevalence and is associated with increased mortality.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the frequency of intra-abdominal Candida infection during acute necrotizing pancreatitis and to compare the outcome to patients without Candida infections.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of data from 37 patients with and without Candida infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surgical intensive care unit (ICU) in a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-seven patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were subject to necrosectomy and programmed lavage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical parameters contained in the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score were monitored, as were microbiological results from the intra-abdominal primary focus and from sites of secondary infections. Body mass index, distribution of underlying diseases, length of ICU stay, number of operations, and outcome were recorded. Multivariate logistic regression analysis for mortality as the dependent variable was performed. Intra-abdominal Candida infection was observed in 13 of 37 cases and was associated with a four-fold greater mortality rate compared with intra-abdominal bacterial infection alone. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that Candida infection contributed to mortality significantly (p < .025) and independently from APACHE II (p < .006; mortality odds ratio for the two parameters=12.5). Lack of antimycotic treatment was associated with an increase to 29.2 (p<.001) in the odds ratio.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given the impact of Candida infection on mortality to acute necrotizing pancreatitis and the apparent benefit from antimycotic chemotherapy, the data argue for an early fungicide chemotherapeutic intervention.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Microbiology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany. hoerauf@bni.uni-hamburg.de
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hoerauf
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hammer
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Müller-Myhsok
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rupprecht
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality; D002423:Cause of Death; D003646:Debridement / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017053:Infection Control; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010182:Pancreatic Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality; D019283:Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing / Q000601:surgery*; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors