title: A dose-dependent increase in mortality with vesnarinone among patients with severe heart failure. Vesnarinone Trial Investigators.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vesnarinone, an inotropic drug, was shown in a short-term placebo-controlled trial to improve survival markedly in patients with severe heart failure when given at a dose of 60 mg per day, but there was a trend toward an adverse effect on survival when the dose was 120 mg per day. In a longer-term study, we evaluated the effects of daily doses of 60 mg or 30 mg of vesnarinone, as compared with placebo, on mortality and morbidity.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 3833 patients who had symptoms of New York Heart Association class III or IV heart failure and a left ventricular ejection fraction of 30 percent or less despite optimal treatment. The mean follow-up was 286 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significantly fewer deaths in the placebo group (242 deaths, or 18.9 percent) than in the 60-mg vesnarinone group (292 deaths, or 22.9 percent) and longer survival (P=0.02). The increase in mortality with vesnarinone was attributed to an increase in sudden death, presumed to be due to arrhythmia. The quality of life had improved significantly more in the 60-mg vesnarinone group than in the placebo group at 8 weeks (P<0.001) and 16 weeks (P=0.003) after randomization. Trends in mortality and in measures of the quality of life in the 30-mg vesnarinone group were similar to those in the 60-mg group but not significantly different from those in the placebo group. Agranulocytosis occurred in 1.2 percent of the patients given 60 mg of vesnarinone per day and 0.2 percent of those given 30 mg of vesnarinone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vesnarinone is associated with a dose-dependent increase in mortality among patients with severe heart failure, an increase that is probably related to an increase in deaths due to arrhythmia. A short-term benefit in terms of the quality of life raises issues about the appropriate therapeutic goal in treating heart failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis 55455, USA.
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Cohn
authors.forename: S O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Lorell
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Bourge
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Jaski
authors.forename: S O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Gottlieb
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: McGrew
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: DeMets
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000380:Agranulocytosis / Q000139:chemically induced; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000139:chemically induced; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003645:Death, Sudden / Q000209:etiology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011719:Pyrazines; D011788:Quality of Life; D011804:Quinolines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D011719:Pyrazines; D011804:Quinolines; C041667:vesnarinone