title: Does coronary stenting following balloon angioplasty improve myocardial fractional flow reserve?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Suboptimal distal coronary flow reserve after successful balloon angioplasty has been attributed to angiographically unrecognized inadequate lumen expansion, and adjunct coronary stenting has been shown to improve coronary flow reserve. The aim of this study was to investigate whether myocardial fractional flow reserve (FFRmyo) would increase further after coronary stenting compared with balloon angioplasty alone in the same patient group.
  
  
  METHODS
  FFRmyo and quantitative coronary angiography were obtained before and after pre-stent balloon dilation, and again after stent placement in 11 patients (7 left anterior descending artery, 3 right coronary artery and 1 left circumflex artery). FFRmyo was calculated as the ratio of Pd/Pa during intracoronary adenosine 5'-triphosphate (50 micrograms and 20 micrograms in the left and right coronary arteries, respectively)-induced maximum hyperemia, where Pd represents mean distal coronary pressure measured by a 2.1 Fr infusion catheter and Pa represents mean aortic pressure measured by the guiding catheter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Percent diameter stenosis significantly decreased after balloon angioplasty (74% +/- 15% vs 37% +/- 17%, p < 0.001), and decreased further after stent placement (18% +/- 10%, p < 0.001 vs baseline and balloon angioplasty). FFRmyo after coronary stenting (0.85 +/- 0.09) was significantly higher than that at baseline (0.51 +/- 0.16, p < 0.001) and after balloon angioplasty (0.77 +/- 0.11, p < 0.05). There was a significant correlation between angiographic variables and FFRmyo. The increase in lumen dimensions after coronary stenting was followed by a further significant improvement of FFRmyo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that coronary stenting may provide a more favorable functional status and lumen geometry of residual coronary stenosis compared with balloon angioplasty alone.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Himeno
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D017130:Angioplasty / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000379:methods; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014654:Vascular Patency