title: Nuclear extracts lacking DNA-dependent protein kinase are deficient in multiple round transcription.
abstract: We have compared levels of in vitro transcription in nuclear extracts from DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK)-deficient and DNA-PK-containing Chinese hamster ovary cell lines. DNA-PK-deficient cell lines are radiosensitive mutants lacking either the catalytic subunit or the 80-kDa subunit of the Ku protein regulatory component. Extracts from DNA-PK-deficient cell lines had a 2-7-fold decrease in the level of in vitro transcription when compared with matched controls. This decrease was observed with several promoters. Transcription could be restored to either of the deficient extracts by addition of small amounts of extract from the DNA-PK-containing cell lines. Transcription was not restored by addition of purified DNA-PK catalytic subunit, Ku protein, or individually purified general transcription factors. We conclude that extracts from DNA-PK-deficient cells lack a positively acting regulatory factor or a complex of factors not readily reconstituted with individual proteins. We have also investigated the mechanistic defect in the deficient extracts and have found that the observed differences in transcription levels between Ku-positive and Ku-negative cell lines can be attributed solely to a greater ability of the Ku-positive nuclear extracts to carry out secondary initiation events subsequent to the first round of transcription.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Program in Gene Regulation, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA.
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Woodard
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Dynan
mesh_terms: D000730:Androstadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000201:enzymology*; D006224:Cricetinae; D051747:DNA-Activated Protein Kinase; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D012319:RNA Polymerase II / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D000077191:Wortmannin
chemical_list: D000730:Androstadienes; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051747:DNA-Activated Protein Kinase; C497263:PRKDC protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D012319:RNA Polymerase II; D000077191:Wortmannin