The effects of photodynamic therapy on human neutrophil migration using bacteriochlorin a.
Bacteriochlorin a photodynamic therapy (BCA-PDT) caused inhibition of interleukin (IL)-8-activated neutrophil migration, at concentrations that did not induce membrane damage. Random migration and migration induced by other chemoattractants were also inhibited, indicating that the effect of BCA-PDT was not at the level of chemoattractant-receptor interaction but down stream. The BCA-PDT completely blocked superoxide production of phorbol ester-stimulated neutrophils indicating that superoxide production by neutrophils present in the tumor before and during BCA-PDT is not the cause of inactivation of tumor cells. Both type I and type II quenchers prevented inhibition by BCA-PDT but only in electroporated cells. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that the fluorescence of BCA was located inside the cell. These results show that the effects of BCA-PDT are intracellular and of a mixed type I/type II character and that the neutrophils present in the tumor during illumination probably do not contribute to tumor eradication by releasing reactive oxygen species.
Schuitmaker
J J
JJ
Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. J.J.Schuitmaker@mcb.MedFac.Leidenuniv.nl
de Koster
B M
BM
Elferink
J G
JG
D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000494:pharmacology; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011166:Porphyrins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism
D016209:Interleukin-8; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D011166:Porphyrins; C065423:bacteriochlorin a; D013481:Superoxides