title: Renal and liver functions and muscle injuries during training and after competition in Thai boxers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe whether there are any injuries to muscle and deleterious effects on the liver and kidneys during training and after competition in Thai boxers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum levels of intracellular enzymes and specific markers in the urine were measured during training and after fighting in Thai boxers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the training period, the activities of muscle enzymes were significantly increased whereas those of the liver enzymes and creatinine clearance were not changed. After a match, on the other hand, both liver and muscle enzyme activities were elevated but renal function was decreased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The training protocol for Thai boxers has virtually no deleterious effect on liver and renal function, but damage to skeletal muscle cells may occur. However, competition may cause muscle injury without any obvious damage to the liver and kidneys.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Saengsirisuwan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Phadungkij
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pholpramool
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000652:urine; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D001914:Boxing / Q000193:education / Q000293:injuries*; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D006417:Hematuria / Q000652:urine; D006456:Hemoglobinuria / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes; D007668:Kidney / Q000201:enzymology / Q000293:injuries / Q000502:physiology*; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology / Q000293:injuries / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000201:enzymology / Q000293:injuries*; D009212:Myoglobinuria / Q000652:urine; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000652:urine; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis; D013785:Thailand
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007527:Isoenzymes; D012709:Serum Albumin; D003404:Creatinine; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D003402:Creatine Kinase