title: Arsenic trioxide in the treatment of a patient with multiply recurrent, ATRA-resistant promyelocytic leukemia: a case report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Little experience exists with the use of arsenic trioxide in the treatment of recurrent, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-resistant, acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). The authors report a patient with multiply recurrent APL treated with arsenic trioxide (As2O3), which was administered as recommended in the protocol from the People' s Republic of China. The results of this treatment and its toxicity are discussed. The available literature on arsenic therapy is reviewed.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patient was a 15-year-old African-American girl with APL that had resisted conventional chemotherapy, ATRA therapy followed by autologous peripheral stem cell transplant, and a second course of ATRA induction therapy administered for relapse after transplant. The patient was treated with 10 mg As2O3 intravenously for 28 days. After a 4-week break, she received a second 28-day course of As2O3 therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After completion of the first 28-day course of As2O3 treatment, morphologic and cytogenetic remission occurred. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction demonstrated persistence of the PML-RARalpha fusion transcript. After the second course of As2O3, the patient had a complete remission by morphologic, cytogenetic, and molecular criteria. Approximately 6 months after the end of two courses of As2O3 therapy, the patient again underwent relapse. An additional course of As2O3 achieved a morphologic, although not a cytogenetic or molecular, remission.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As2O3 therapy produced remission in a patient with multiply relapsed, ATRA-resistant APL. Toxic side effects were minimal. The patient underwent relapse 6 months after this therapy. Further investigation will be necessary to determine the proper role of As2O3 therapy in patients with APL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Hartford 06106, USA.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Bergstrom
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gillan
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Altman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077237:Arsenic Trioxide; D001152:Arsenicals / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015473:Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D010087:Oxides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001152:Arsenicals; D010087:Oxides; D014212:Tretinoin; D000077237:Arsenic Trioxide