title: Early changes in myocardial perfusion patterns after myocardial infarction: relation with contractile reserve and functional recovery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to assess early temporal changes in myocardial perfusion pattern by myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) and their relation to myocardial viability in patients with reperfused acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Myocardial contrast echocardiography no-reflow is associated with poor contractile recovery after AMI. However, little is known regarding early reversibility of microvascular dysfunction and its relation to myocardial viability.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intracoronary MCE was performed immediately after reflow and 9 days later in 28 patients with a first AMI and successful coronary recanalization (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction trial grade 3 flow). Semiquantitative contrast score and wall motion score (WMS) were assessed in each initially asynergic segment at initial and repeat MCE study. Low dose dobutamine echocardiography (DE) was performed at day 10, and follow-up (FU) rest echocardiography was performed 6 weeks later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 200 initially asynergic segments, 49% exhibited no or heterogeneous contrast enhancement at initial MCE versus 24% at restudy (p < 0.001). Three groups of segments were defined according to early changes in contrast pattern: group A, "sustained no-reflow" (n = 17); group B, improved contrast score (n = 68), and group C, "sustained reflow" (n = 112). Group A segments showed no improvement in WMS at FU. In contrast, group B segments showed significant improvement in WMS at FU (p < 0.0001), and exhibited more frequently contractile reserve at DE (36% vs. 6%, p = 0.02) and contractile recovery at FU (34% vs. 7%, p = 0.03) than group A segments. Group C segments exhibited contractile reserve and contractile recovery in 47% and 51% of segments respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Improvement in MCE perfusion pattern may occur after initial no-reflow in the days following reperfused AMI and is associated with preservation of contractile reserve and gradual regional functional recovery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Hopital Bichat, Paris, France. eric.brochet@bch.ap-hop-paris.fr
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brochet
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Czitrom
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Karila-Cohen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Seknadji
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Faraggi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Benamer
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Aubry
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Steg
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Assayag
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography