title: c-Rel is essential for B lymphocyte survival and cell cycle progression.
abstract: c-Rel is a lymphoid-specific member of the NF-kappaB/Rel family of transcriptional factors. To investigate the role of c-Rel in B lymphocyte function, we generated a c-Rel(-/-) mouse via a gene targeting approach. Although early lymphocyte development is normal in c-Rel(-/-) mice, there are significantly fewer B cells displaying a memory (IgM/IgD-) phenotype. Upon immunization, c-Rel(-/-) mice generate fewer B cells with a germinal center (PNAhi) phenotype. In vitro, c-Rel(-/-) B cells proliferate poorly upon ligation of their surface IgM or CD40 receptors or when stimulated with either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or T cell help. Early molecular events that precede proliferation, such as increases in RNA synthesis as well as IL-2 receptor alpha chain expression, are greatly diminished in c-Rel(-/-) B cells. Furthermore, c-Rel(-/-) B cells are impaired in the ability to receive survival signals generated by anti-IgM or LPS. In contrast, CD40-mediated cell survival is normal in c-Rel(-/-) B cells, suggesting the involvement of a survival-signaling pathway that is independent of c-Rel. When c-Rel (-/-) B cells are co-stimulated with either anti-IgM and CD40 or LPS and CD40, they are rendered capable of progressing through the cell cycle. Finally, co-culture experiments suggest that the defects observed in c-Rel(-/-) B cells are intrinsic to the cell and can not be rescued through either cell-cell contact or addition of soluble factors. Thus, c-Rel is requisite for differentiation to the germinal center and memory B cells in vivo and is required for the transduction of survival and cell cycle progression signals mediated by anti-IgM and LPS in vitro. Furthermore, while c-Rel is involved in CD40-induced proliferation, it is apparently dispensable for the survival signals transduced by CD40.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Tumang
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Owyang
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Andjelic
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Hardy
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Liou
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Liou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000276:immunology*; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000276:immunology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D020569:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-rel; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D020569:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-rel; D014157:Transcription Factors