title: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for nonmalignant disease: improved safety, morbidity, and cost-effectiveness.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laparoscopic adrenalectomy has rapidly gained widespread acceptance for treatment of benign adrenal neoplasms. A number of authors have compared various anatomic approaches to laparoscopic adrenalectomy, comparing length of inpatient stay, transfusion requirements, and perioperative complications. Separate studies have found inpatient stay reduced 40-60% with the use of laparoscopic adrenalectomy vs. an open procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  There have been no studies designed specifically to examine and compare perioperative morbidity, length of stay, and patient charges in patients undergoing laparoscopic adrenalectomy. This report examines the Johns Hopkins Hospital experience with laparoscopic adrenalectomy in 22 patients, comparing length of stay, perioperative morbidity, and patient charges. These data are compared with those seen in 17 patients undergoing open adrenalectomy within our institution and 70 patients at all other nonfederal hospitals in the state of Maryland.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Outcomes after laparoscopic versus open adrenalectomy were compared. Resumption of diet (1.6 vs. 6.1 days), independent activity (1.6 vs. 7.9 days), inpatient length of stay (1.7 vs. 7.8 days), and total hospital patient charges ($8,698 vs. $12,610) were all significantly reduced in patients undergoing laparoscopic adrenalectomy at our institution. Similar findings were obtained when our data were compared against adrenalectomy performed at other hospitals within the state of Maryland. Length of stay (1.7 vs. 8.9 days) and total hospital patient charges ($8,698 vs. $13,867) were both significantly reduced compared to state-wide data in patients treated with laparoscopic adrenalectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although a technically challenging procedure, laparoscopic adrenalectomy provides clear advantages over open procedures for the vast majority of adrenal neoplasms. Our data support the conclusion that laparoscopic adrenalectomy should be considered for all patients with benign adrenal neoplasms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 600 North Wolf Street, Blalock #688, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Schell
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Talamini
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Udelsman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000307:Adrenal Gland Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D000310:Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D000315:Adrenalectomy / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000191:economics; D008297:Male; D008396:Maryland; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome