title: Screening for the detection of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, their metabolites, and AT II receptor antagonists.
abstract: A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) screening procedure was developed for the detection of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, their metabolites, and angiotensin (AT) II receptor antagonists in urine as part of a systematic toxicologic analysis procedure for acidic drugs and poisons after extractive methylation. The part of the phase-transfer catalyst remaining in the organic phase was removed by solid phase extraction on a diol phase. The compounds were separated by capillary GC and identified by computerized MS in the full scan mode. Using mass chromatography with the ions m/z 157, 160, 172, 192, 204, 220, 234, 248, 249, and 262, the possible presence of ACE inhibitors, their metabolites, and AT II antagonists could be indicated. The identity of positive signals in such mass chromatograms was confirmed by comparison of the peaks underlying full mass spectra with the reference spectra recorded during this study. This method allowed detection of therapeutic concentrations of ACE inhibitors (benazepril, enalapril, perindopril, quinapril, ramipril, trandolapril, their metabolites, or both) and therapeutic concentrations of the AT II antagonist, valsartan, in human urine samples. Human urine samples were not available for testing cilazapril, moexipril, and losartan; they were detected only in rat urine. The overall recoveries of ACE inhibitors ranged between 80% and 88%, with a coefficient of variation (CV) of less than 10% and the limit of detection of at least 10 ng/ml (signal to noise ratio 3) in the full-scan mode. The overall recovery of the valsartan was 68%, with a CV of less than 10%; the limit of detection was at least 10 ng/ml (S/N 3) in the full scan mode.
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Saarland, Homburg (Saar), Germany.
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Maurer
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kraemer
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Arlt
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000652:urine; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine*; D000818:Animals; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D008745:Methylation; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin; D000804:Angiotensin II