title: Evaluating the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors for older nursing home residents with chronic heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite their well noted therapeutic benefits for heart failure (HF), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors may be underprescribed and underdosed among older nursing home patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the use of ACE inhibitor therapy in older (> or =70 years) nursing home residents with systolic heart failure (HF).
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional, retrospective analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five long-term care facilities in Providence, Rhode Island.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adults aged 70 years or older with left ventricular (LV) ejection fractions < or =40%.
  
  
  METHODS
  New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, comorbid diseases, and cardiac medications with logistic regression analysis to clarify their bearing on the prescription of ACE inhibitors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 819 nursing home residents who were evaluated, 119 (24 men, 95 women) fulfilled exacting entry criteria, i.e., heart failure signs/symptoms and documented LV systolic dysfunction. Forty-one of these 119 (35%) older persons were receiving ACE inhibitor therapy, predominantly in doses (< or =50 mg captopril/day or < or =5 mg enalapril/ day) less than those of proven therapeutic efficacy. Compared with older residents not receiving ACE inhibitors, those receiving ACE inhibitors included fewer with NYHA Class I HF (0 vs 21%, P = .017), more men (58 vs 28%, P< or =.01), and more people with hypertension (61 vs 35%, P< or =.01). In contrast, diuretics were prescribed more frequently among those not receiving ACE inhibitors (83 vs 56%, P< or =.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ACE inhibitors are underprescribed and underdosed among elderly nursing home patients carefully screened to include systolic HF and no contraindications to the medication. ACE inhibitors are particularly underused in those elderly with NYHA Class I HF and in those receiving diuretics.
authors.affiliation: The Miriam and Rhode Island Hospitals, Brown University, Providence 02906, USA.
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Forman
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Chander
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Lapane
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stoukides
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009735:Nursing Homes; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012237:Rhode Island; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors