title: Paroxetine treatment of episodic rages associated with Tourette's disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Episodic rages have been estimated to occur in as many as 30% of patients with Tourette's syndrome (Tourette's disorder), but their treatment has never been systematically investigated. We report on the results of an open-label pilot study using paroxetine for the treatment of Tourette's disorder-associated rage episodes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five Tourette's/rage patients (DSM-IV) were treated with paroxetine, specifically to control their rages. Other symptoms such as tics, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) were not targeted by this study. Treatment was deemed to be therapeutic when rage symptoms were diminished by 75% or more by patient report and were diminished in frequency by at least 1 point on a 4-point scale devised by the authors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 8 weeks on paroxetine treatment, 29 patients (76% of those who completed the study) reported that rages were significantly diminished or completely absent. Nine patients reported no significant change in rages. Seven patients did not complete the study (3 because of side effects and 4 whose rage frequency increased). The mean dose of paroxetine was 33 mg/day; minimum effective dose was 15 mg/day.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We were unable to determine any factors that significantly altered the efficacy of paroxetine for treatment of Tourette's disorder-associated rage episodes. The great majority (87%) of the patients had both ADHD and OCD in addition to Tourette's disorder. The age, sex, and concomitant use of other medications revealed no significant differences in treatment outcome. The results suggest that paroxetine may have an important role in the clinical treatment of episodic rages in Tourette's disorder patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, New York University Medical Center-North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, USA.
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Bruun
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Budman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D015897:Comorbidity; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D017374:Paroxetine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011889:Rage / Q000187:drug effects*; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013981:Tic Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005879:Tourette Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D017374:Paroxetine; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors