Inhibition of apoptosis and virus replication in feline immunodeficiency virus-infected cells by N-acetylcysteine and ascorbic acid.
Infection of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) has been shown to induce apoptosis that might be associated with the lymphocyte depletion in the infected cats. To investigate the inhibitory effect of antioxidants on FIV-induced apoptosis, we examined the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and ascorbic acid (AA) on apoptosis and virus replication in feline lymphoblastoid (Fel-039) and fibroblastoid (CRFK) cell lines infected with FIV. The treatment with NAC or AA induced a significant inhibition of viral replication and apoptosis in Fel-039 cells and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)-treated CRFK cells infected with FIV. Both cell lines in the presence of noncytotoxic concentrations of NAC or AA showed in increase of intracellular glutathione (GSH) level, which might protect the cells against oxidative stresses exerted by FIV infection and TNF-alpha treatment. On the basis of these in vitro results, we suggest that antioxidant therapies aimed at restoring depleted GSH level might be effective for inhibition of viral replication and cell death associated with the development of immunodeficiency.
Mortola
E
E
Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Japan.
Okuda
M
M
Ohno
K
K
Watari
T
T
Tsujimoto
H
H
Hasegawa
A
A
D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002415:Cats; D002460:Cell Line; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000187:drug effects; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000821:virology; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D016089:Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline / Q000502:physiology*; D016180:Lentivirus Infections / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000821:virology*; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects*
D004279:DNA, Viral; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D000111:Acetylcysteine