title: Randomized clinical trial on the combination of preoperative irradiation and surgery in the treatment of adenocarcinoma of gastric cardia (AGC)--report on 370 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An attempt was made to define the role of radiotherapy before operation for AGC.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 1978 to May 1989, a prospective randomized trial on preoperative radiotherapy (R+S) vs. surgery alone (S) for AGC was carried out in 370 patients. Patients were randomized into a combined group (R+S, 171 patients) or a surgery alone group (S, 199 patients) by the envelope method. 8-MV photon or telecobalt was used for the preoperative radiation therapy, using anterior-posterior opposing parallel fields to deliver 40 Gy to the cardia, lower segment of the esophagus, fundus, lesser curvature, and hepatogastric ligament. Surgery was performed after 2 to 4 weeks rest.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 5- and 10-year survival rates of the R+S Group and the S Alone Group were 30.10% and 19.75%, 20.26% and 13.30%, respectively. The survival curves of these two groups diverged right from the beginning after the operation over the ninth year. Statistics by Kaplan-Meier log rank test proves that the difference is significant (chi2 = 6.74, p = 0.0094). The immediate results were: resection rate 89.5% and 79.4% (p < 0.01); pathologic stage after resection T2 12.9% and 4.5% (p < 0.01), T4 40.3% and 51.3% (p < 0.05), lymph node metastasis rates 64.3% and 84.9% (p < 0.001); operative mortality rates 0.6% and 2.5%; intrathoracic leak rates 1.8% and 4.0%, respectively. The causes of failure were: local uncontrol and recurrence 38.6% vs. 51.7% (p < 0.025), regional lymph node metastasis 38.6% vs. 54.6% (p < 0.005), distant metastasis 24.3% vs. 24.7%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preoperative radiation therapy is able to improve the results of surgery for adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing.
authors.forename: Z X
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: X Z
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D002299:Cardia; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D015996:Survival Rate; D017211:Treatment Failure