Is benzoquinone the prohapten in cross-sensitivity among aminobenzene compounds?
Cross-sensitivity in allergic contact dermatitis is a simultaneous allergy to 2 or more contact substances which have in common an antigenic determinant or a metabolic derivative. One of the most notable examples is the cross-sensitivity among aromatic compounds which may be oxidized in vivo to benzoquinone (BQ). However, it has also been hypothesized that the allergenicity and cross-sensitization are modulated by the chemical reactivity of the substituents in the para position. A serial dilution of BQ (from 1% to 0.1% in pet.) and three 1,4-substituted benzene derivatives (p-aminophenol, hydroquinone, metol), theoretically capable of conversion to BQ by oxidation, were patch tested in 22 p-phenylenediamine (PPD) positive patients and in 20 controls. The patients and a further 116 subjects with a positive history of sensitivity to 1 or more aminoaromatic compounds were also tested with some haptens of the para group (PPD, p-aminobenzoic acid, p-aminodiphenylamine, benzocaine, procaine chloride, p-toluenediamine sulfate). The results show that (i) the optimal patch test concentration for BQ was 0.2%, (ii) only 4 of the 22 patients allergic to PPD gave a clearly positive allergic reaction to BQ, and (iii) the number of positive reactions to the aromatic compounds was correlated with the presence of activating (-NH2, -OH, -CH3) and deactivating (-COOH) groups in the para position or, perhaps, with their effect on percutaneous penetration. The data suggest that BQ is not the only intermediate in the cross-sensitization of para group haptens. This is probably conditioned by other oxidation products and/or the chemical structure of the substituents in position 4 of the benzene ring.
Lisi
P
P
Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, University of Perugia, Policlinico Monteluce, Italy.
Hansel
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K
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000485:Allergens / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry*; D016227:Benzoquinones / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry*; D003429:Cross Reactions; D017449:Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010328:Patch Tests; D010655:Phenylenediamines / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry*
D000485:Allergens; D016227:Benzoquinones; D010655:Phenylenediamines; C004532:quinone; C029728:4-phenylenediamine