title: Onset and recovery of neuromuscular blockade after two doses of rocuronium in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if 450 micrograms/kg (1.5 times the ED95) of rocuronium would result in a comparable onset with a shorter duration of action when compared with 600 micrograms/kg (2 times the ED95).
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, single-blind study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  85 ASA physical status I and II children ages 2 through 12, undergoing elective surgery with an inhalation induction using halothane.
  
  
  METHODS
  Group 1 received 600 micrograms/kg rocuronium, and Group 2 received 450 micrograms/kg rocuronium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two groups were compared using a Student's t-test, with p < 0.05 significant. The time of onset, or time to 95% suppression of neuromuscular twitch with standard errors, was 140 +/- 13 seconds (range 46 to 365 sec) in Group 1 and 148 +/- 13 seconds (range 82 to 345 sec) in Group 2 (NS = not significant). The times to 25% return of twitch from baseline (T25) in Groups 1 and 2 were 28 +/- 1.5 minutes (range 14 to 45 min) and 26 +/- 1.6 minutes (range 10 to 55 min), respectively (NS). The differences between these two doses in onset of, and recovery from, block were not found to be statistically significant. The results, however, excluded 5% of the higher dose group and 31% of the lower dose group who did not achieve 95% suppression of twitch. Time to maximal suppression of neuromuscular blockade, however, was not statistically significant for the 85 patients with a time of 270 +/- 28 seconds (range 91 to 605 sec) with a mean maximal suppression of 98.7% in Group 1 and 313 +/- 25 seconds (range 91 to 899 sec) with a mean maximal suppression of 93.1% in Group 2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The two doses of rocuronium did not differ statistically in onset or duration. Rocuronium at 600 micrograms/kg offers more reliability than 450 micrograms/kg in achieving adequate muscle relaxation, and the lower dose may result in a significantly large number of patients who may have inadequate intubating conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Dear
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Dear
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Margolis
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ginsberg
mesh_terms: D000732:Androstanols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004576:Electromyography / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006221:Halothane / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D019148:Neuromuscular Blockade; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000187:drug effects; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D000077123:Rocuronium; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013997:Time Factors; D014459:Ulnar Nerve / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000732:Androstanols; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; D006221:Halothane; D000077123:Rocuronium