title: Low-dose versus standard-dose lenograstim prophylaxis after chemotherapy: a randomized, crossover comparison.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) administered prophylactically after chemotherapy reduces the duration and severity of neutropenia. This randomized crossover study was designed to assess whether a lower dose of G-CSF is as effective as a standard dose of 5 microg/kg daily.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients who received standard-dose chemotherapy regimens expected to cause neutropenia received G-CSF (lenograstim) that started the day after chemotherapy for 14 days or until the absolute neutrophil count (ANC) recovered to greater than 10 x 10(9)/L. The lenograstim dose was randomly allocated to be 2 or 5 microg/kg daily in the first cycle of chemotherapy and crossed over to the alternate dose for the second cycle. The study was designed to accrue 40 assessable patients to provide a power of 80% to detect a difference in duration of neutropenia of 1 day. Fifty-two patients were randomized to treatment and 43 patients completed two cycles of identical chemotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was little neutropenia irrespective of the dose used. Twenty-three patients (53%) had no grade III or IV neutropenia and 30 patients (70%) had no grade IV neutropenia. Crossover trial methodology was used to assess the difference in outcome caused by the lower dose compared with the standard dose (estimated treatment effect). There was no significant difference in the measures of neutropenia, hospitalization, or other clinical outcomes. The 95% confidence interval (one-sided) for the additional duration of neutropenia caused by the lower dose of lenograstim was 0.43 days or less for grade III or IV neutropenia and 0.34 days or less for grade IV neutropenia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lenograstim 2 microg/kg provides similar protection to 5 microg/kg against neutropenia that complicates standard-dose chemotherapy. The use of a lower dose has important implications for the cost-effectiveness of prophylactic G-CSF therapy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Toner
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Laidlaw
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rischin
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Millward
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Januszewicz
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Curran
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Bishop
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D000078224:Lenograstim; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D000078224:Lenograstim