title: [Effects of cardiac output on blood and tissue pH during general anesthesia with constant ventilation].
abstract: We investigated the effects of cardiac output on blood and tissue pH in 106 adult patients undergoing cardiac or non-cardiac surgery under general anesthesia. After anesthetic induction, the minute ventilation volume was kept constant at 10 ml.kg-1 x 10 cycles.min-1. A pulmonary artery catheter and a nasogastric tube incorporating a tonometer were inserted. During surgery, cardiac index (CI), pH, Pco2, BE, So2 and Hb of arterial and mixed venous blood as well as gastric intramucosal pH (pHi) were measured simultaneously. Oxygen uptake index (Vo2I) and blood CO2 contents were calculated. The measurements were repeated every 10 to 20 minutes during surgery or during the prebypass period. Two patients with preoperative cardiogenic shock were excluded from data analysis because of development of severe acidosis and 624 sets of data from 104 patients were analyzed. Arterial and mixed venous pH correlated negatively with CI. Blood Pco2 and base excess (BE) correlated positively and negatively, respectively, with CI. Blood lactate concentration measured 142 times in the last 30 patients correlated positively with CI. Vo2I correlated positively with CI and Paco2 correlated positively with Vo2I. Veno-arterial differences in Pco2 and Cco2 correlated negatively with CI. Due to the difference, Caco2 correlated positively with CI, while Cvco2 did not correlate with CI. pHi correlated negatively with CI but only marginally. By multiple regression analysis, pHi was not affected significantly by CI, while it showed positive correlation with pHa, Hb, Sao2 and negative correlation with blood temperature. When cardiac output increased, blood pH decreased due to increased Pco2 and decreased BE. An increase in Paco2 might result from both an increase in Vo2 or Vco2 and decreased ventilation-to-perfusion ratio. A decrease in BE might result from increased washout of acids (e.g. lactate) from the tissue to the central circulation. In contrast to blood pH, pHi or tissue pH was not affected significantly by cardiac output unless patients were in cardiogenic shock.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Tokyo, School of Medicine.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayashida
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Komatsu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Orii
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hanaoka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D001769:Blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation; D012044:Regression Analysis
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide