title: Epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-alpha in middle ear effusion.
abstract: Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) promote the differentiation and proliferation of epithelia as well as the proliferation and chemotaxis of fibroblasts. Additionally, EGF promotes wound healing in tissues composed largely of epithelial cells and fibroblasts. We hypothesized that EGF and TGF-alpha regulate the differentiation and proliferation of the epithelial lining and the migration and proliferation of fibroblasts in the subepithelial space of the middle ear mucosa in children with otitis media. As an initial test of this hypothesis, EGF and TGF-alpha concentrations were measured in 82 middle ear effusions of children undergoing tympanostomy tube placement. EGF was present in 45% of these effusions, and TGF-alpha was present in 6%. The mean concentration +/- SEM values for EGF and TGF-alpha were 19+/-7.6 and 3.7+/-7.9 pg/mL, respectively. In addition, neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes in middle ear effusions stained for EGF by immunocytochemistry. We conclude that growth factors are frequently present in middle ear effusions of children with otitis media.
authors.affiliation: Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, USA.
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Nassif
authors.forename: S Q
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Izzo
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Nicklaus
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010034:Otitis Media with Effusion / Q000378:metabolism*; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor