title: Benign breast surgical biopsies: are they always justified?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the indications for open surgical biopsy of breast lesions resulting in a benign histologic report.
  
  
  METHODS
  A consecutive series of 754 benign breast biopsies was collected from six Italian centers previously participating in a multicenter study on the benign/malignant biopsy ratio. Histologic diagnosis, diagnostic tests performed, final clinical diagnosis and the indication for surgical biopsy were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fibrocystic alterations represented the most frequent histologic type (43.2%), followed by fibroadenomas (34.5%). Atypical hyperplasia, phyllode tumors and cancer-like lesions (radial scar, sclerosing adenosis) accounted for a minority of cases. The diagnostic approach was different among centers, with mammography, ultrasonography or cytology being underused in some of them. Suspicion of cancer was an indication for surgical biopsy in 66.7% of cases. In the remaining cases the final report was negative or benign, but biopsy was advised for growing lesions (11.3%) or for cosmetic (3%) or psychological reasons (8.2%). In 4% of cases surgical biopsy was presumably advised for the concurrent influence of high-risk conditions such as previous breast cancer (0.7%), family history of breast cancer (2%) or contralateral synchronous breast cancer (1.3%). In 6.8% of the cases biopsy was advised elsewhere for unknown reasons. The indications for biopsy differed among centers, with one center having a low rate of suspicious cases (37%) and a high rate of reported "cosmetic" or "psychological" reasons (47%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Leaving aside differences in diagnostic approach and aggressiveness, two thirds of all lesions were biopsied in order to exclude cancer. The routine use of a more complete diagnostic protocol and/or alternative methods to obtain a histologic diagnosis (e.g. core biopsy) might substantially reduce the need for open surgical biopsy.
authors.affiliation: Centro per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica, Firenze, Italy. MD0632@mclink.it
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ciatto
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bonardi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ravaioli
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Canuti
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Foglietta
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Modena
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zanconati
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cressa
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ferrara
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marrazzo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection