title: The value of endoscopic ultrasonography in preoperative evaluation of rectal cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In rectal cancer, preoperative evaluation of the depth of cancer invasion and the presence of pararectal lymph node metastasis is essential to determine appropriate operative procedures, especially in autonomic nerve preserving operations. For this evaluation, endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) was performed prospectively in the following cases.
  
  
  METHODS
  During the past 5 years, 70 patients with rectal cancer underwent EUS examination by using 7.5MHz and 12MHz-EUS sonoprobe systems.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The depth of cancer invasion was accurately predicted by EUS in 76% of cases (53/70). Seventeen cases were incorrectly estimated, 12 of those underestimated, and 5 overestimated. The evaluation of pararectal lymph node metastasis was accurate in 44 patients (69%). The sensitivity rate was 36% and specificity was 90%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EUS is a very useful technique for determining therapeutic procedures for rectal cancer, especially in deciding whether or not sphincter preserving and/or autonomic nerve preserving operations should be undertaken.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishimori
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Natori
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019160:Endosonography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery