title: Experience of Thai women in Bangkok with Norplant-2 implants.
abstract: A prospective study of the Norplant-2 contraceptive subdermal implant system was conducted in Bangkok, Thailand. The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy, adverse effects, and overall acceptability of Norplant-2 implants. A total of 140 women were enrolled in a 3-year clinical trial. The mean age was 29 years. Of all the acceptors, 70% had completed primary school. The continuation rates at years 1, 2, and 3 were, respectively, 94%, 89%, and 83%. No accidental pregnancies occurred throughout the 3 years of use in this study. Personal reasons were the leading cause for termination of Norplant-2 implant use. The 3-year cumulative termination rate for personal reasons was 7.2%. These personal reasons were divorce, husband having vasectomy, and moving away from the study area. The other leading cause for termination was medical reasons; acne, headache, and pain at the implant site were the complaints. The termination rate for medical reasons in year 3 of the study was 4.6%. Prolonged menstrual flow was the other main reason for termination. The 3-year cumulative termination rate for menstrual irregularities was 3.8%. In this study, the cumulative termination for planned pregnancy at the end of the year 3 was only 1.6%. The incidence of difficult removals was 8%. Breakage of the rods on removal was encountered in the majority of these cases. The study findings presented suggest that the Norplant-2 implants are highly effective with high continuation rates. The Norplant-2 system could become another choice of long acting reversible contraception for Thai women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chompootaweep
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kochagarn
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tang-Usaha
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Theppitaksak
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dusitsin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; D004343:Drug Implants; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016912:Levonorgestrel / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008599:Menstruation Disturbances / Q000139:chemically induced; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011247:Pregnancy; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013785:Thailand
chemical_list: D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; D004343:Drug Implants; D016912:Levonorgestrel