title: Comparison of ureteral and cervical descents during vaginal hysterectomy for uterine prolapse.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study measured ureteral and cervical locations during vaginal hysterectomy for prolapse and the extent of parametrial ligament shortening possible.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cervical and ureteral position were measured in 26 women undergoing uterine prolapse correction. Parametrial clamp tip location was also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cervix lay between 0 and -14.5 cm (below) the hymen (mean +/- SD -5.35 +/- 3.96 cm) and the ureters lay +5.0 to -4.0 cm (mean +/- SD +1.89 +/- 1.99 cm). Correlation of ureteral with cervical position was 0.69 (P <.01) and correlation with ipsilateral uterosacral ligament clamp positions was 0.80 (P <.01). Regression line slope relating cervical descent and cervix to ureter distance was 0.65, indicating that for every 3 cm of cervical descent there was 2 cm widening of the gap between the cervix and ureters and 1 cm descent of the ureter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For every 3 cm of cervical descent the ureters descend 1 cm, thereby widening the ureterocervical gap and permitting ligament shortening during vaginal hysterectomy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: DeLancey
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Strohbehn
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Aronson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000886:Anthropometry; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007045:Hysterectomy, Vaginal; D008022:Ligaments / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D014513:Ureter / Q000473:pathology*; D014596:Uterine Prolapse / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery