title: Molecular analysis of constitutive IL-1alpha gene expression in human melanoma cells: autocrine stimulation through NF-kappaB activation by endogenous IL-1alpha.
abstract: Constitutive production of/and acquired resistance to anti-proliferative cytokines are implicated in pathogenesis and progression of human melanoma cells. Human melanoma cells A375-C6 are sensitive to interleukin 1 (IL-1) anti-proliferative effect and do not produce IL-1. After long period of culture we have obtained cells which acquired resistance to IL-1. The resistant cells exhibited constitutive production of IL-1α. To analyse the mechanisms that lead to the expression of IL-1α in the cells, we transfected of the resistant clone A375-R8 with CAT (chloramphenicol acetyltransferase) expression plasmids linked to a 5'-flanking deletion mutants of the human IL-1α gene. Two nucleotide regions (--103 to --70 bp) and (--70 to --47 bp) from the start of the first exon appeared to contain a positive regulatory element(s) while the one --421 to --103 bp contained a negative regulatory element(s).The --103 to --70 bp region contained the consensus NF(-k)B (nuclear factor-kB) binding motif.(Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that NF-kB is activated in A375-R8 cells. IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) decreased the level of IL-1α mRNA and production of IL-1α. IL-1Ra also inhibited the localization of p65 in the nuclei and CAT activity in transfectants with the plasmids containing NF-kB binding motif. These results indicate that endogenous IL-1α stimulates the gene expression and production of IL-1α in an autocrine manner through activation of NF-kB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygnienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Tanabe, Mizuho-ku, 457, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Inukai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takii
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Furutani
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakurada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oomoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Onozaki
mesh_terms: D019898:Autocrine Communication; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D008545:Melanoma / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics*; D010957:Plasmids; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D016328:NF-kappa B