title: 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced fluorescence endoscopy applied at secondary transurethral resection after conventional resection of primary superficial bladder tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A prospective investigation was carried out to evaluate the use of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-induced fluorescence diagnosis with secondary transurethral resection (TUR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty patients underwent secondary TUR of the former resection area 6 weeks after conventional TUR for superficial bladder carcinoma. 5-ALA-induced fluorescence diagnosis was used in addition to standard white light endoscopy. All former resection areas were biopsied regardless of fluorescence findings. In addition, specific red fluorescent areas were resected, as were suspicious areas seen at white light endoscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred thirty areas or tumors were resected. The sensitivity of fluorescence cystoscopy was 77.8% (95% confidence interval 52.4% to 93.6%). Residual tumors were found in the area of the former resection in 7 (14%) of 50 patients; 4 of these 7 were fluorescence negative and 3 were fluorescence positive. In an additional 7 patients (14%), exclusively fluorescing tumors not visible under white light could be detected outside the areas of former resection (n = 5, Stage pTaG1/2; n = 1, Stage pT1G1/2; n = 1, carcinoma in situ).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite high sensitivity, fluorescence diagnosis at this early stage of control does not allow us to evaluate sufficiently the granulation tissue of necrotic areas after TUR without biopsy. The main advantage of the 5-ALA-induced fluorescence endoscopy is in the evaluation of untreated urothelium because of the easier detection of tumors not visible by conventional endoscopy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, St. Joseph's Hospital, Regensburg, Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Filbeck
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Roessler
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Knuechel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Straub
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kiel
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Wieland
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid; D003558:Cystoscopy; D005260:Female; D005453:Fluorescence; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012086:Reoperation; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid