title: Using an outcomes-based approach to identify candidates for risk stratification after exercise treadmill testing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a hierarchical approach to cardiac risk stratification after treadmill testing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical and treadmill test data were used to identify a patient population that may be candidates for further risk stratification with stress tomographic myocardial perfusion imaging. A prospective series of 3, 620 medically treated patients (42% female, mean age 63 years) with a 2.5% mortality was identified (follow-up 2.5 +/- SD 1.5 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate a patient's likelihood of cardiac death. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to estimate time to cardiac death by nuclear test results. Annual rates of cardiac death were 0. 4% (n = 921), 1% (n = 2,498), and 1% (n = 201) for patients with low, intermediate, and high Duke treadmill scores (DTS). For patients with an intermediate DTS, multivariate estimators of cardiac death included the number of ischemic vascular territories (relative risk per defect 1.4, p =.01), the number of infarcted vascular territories (relative risk per defect 2.4, p =.00001), and the DTS (relative risk per unit 0.97, p =.00001), following adjustment for a patient's pretest risk of coronary disease. For patients with an intermediate DTS, the presence of no, one or two, and three vascular territories with defects was associated with annual rates of cardiac death of 0.5%, 1.4%, and 2.5%, respectively (p <.0001). Kaplan-Meier survival curves exhibited a statistically worsening survival for patients with defects by 1 year after treadmill exercise.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For symptomatic patients with an intermediate treadmill test score, the exercise myocardial perfusion scan may be used to stratify their risk of cardiac death over 3 years of follow-up. Patient management may be efficiently guided by further outcome assessment, with an exercise nuclear scan for patients whose treadmill test score is intermediate.
authors.affiliation: Emory Center for Outcomes Research, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hachamovitch
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lewin
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Iskandrian
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Berman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis