title: Management of Jehovah's Witness patients undergoing major head and neck surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several diverse strategies have been recommended to manage Jehovah's Witness patients undergoing surgery when significant blood loss is expected. However, many of the proposed management strategies cannot be used when the urgent nature of the disease precludes adequate preoperative preparation of the patient. We present our experience of the management of two Jehovah's Witnesses with oral carcinoma requiring extensive resection, neck dissection, and reconstruction with free tissue transfer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hypervolemic hemodilution, hypotensive anesthesia, meticulous surgical hemostasis, and antifibrinolytic therapy were used as an alternative to blood products or transfusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Radical surgical ablation and state-of-the-art reconstruction were possible, as a single-stage procedure, even though blood transfusion or blood product replacement therapy was refused.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radical surgical ablation of oral carcinoma, with free tissue transfer reconstruction, is possible in this group of patients without the use of blood products or transfusion. There would have been no advantage in raising the red cell mass preoperatively, as the packed cell volume was ideal for free tissue transfer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead, West Sussex, UK.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Van Hemelen
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Avery
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Venn
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Curran
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Lavery
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000601:surgery*; D002835:Christianity; D005260:Female; D005927:Glossectomy; D006438:Hemodilution; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*