title: Leukotriene C4 is a tight-binding inhibitor of microsomal glutathione transferase-1. Effects of leukotriene pathway modifiers.
abstract: Microsomal glutathione transferase-1 (MGST-1) is an abundant protein that catalyzes the conjugation of electrophilic compounds with glutathione, as well as the reduction of lipid hydroperoxides. Here we report that leukotriene C4 is a potent inhibitor of MGST-1. Leukotriene C4 was found to be a tight-binding inhibitor, with a Ki of 5.4 nM for the unactivated enzyme, and 9.2 nM for the N-ethylmaleimide activated enzyme. This is the first tight-binding inhibitor characterized for this enzyme. Leukotriene C4 was competitive with respect to glutathione and non-competitive toward the second substrate, CDNB. Analysis of stoichiometry supports binding of one molecule of inhibitor per homotrimer. Leukotrienes A4, D4, and E4 were much weaker inhibitors of the purified enzyme (by at least 3 orders of magnitude). Leukotriene C4 analogues, which have been developed as antagonists of leukotriene receptors, were found to display varying degrees of inhibition of MGST-1. In particular, the cysteinyl-leukotriene analogues SKF 104,353, ONO-1078, and BAYu9773 were strong inhibitors (IC50 values: 0.13, 3. 7, and 7.6 microM, respectively). In view of the partial structural similarity between MGST-1, leukotriene C4 synthase, and 5-lipoxygenase activating protein (FLAP), it was of interest that leukotriene C4 synthesis inhibitors (which antagonize FLAP) also displayed significant inhibition (e.g. IC50 for BAYx1005 was 58 microM). In contrast, selective 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors such as zileuton only marginally inhibited activity at high concentrations (500 microM). Our discovery that leukotriene C4 and drugs developed based on its structure are potent inhibitors of MGST-1 raises the possibility that MGST-1 influences the cellular processing of leukotrienes. These findings may also have implications for the effects and side-effects of drugs developed to manipulate leukotrienes.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bannenberg
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Dahlén
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Luijerink
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lundqvist
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Morgenstern
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D017997:Leukotriene C4 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000201:enzymology*; D011485:Protein Binding; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D017997:Leukotriene C4; D005982:Glutathione Transferase