title: Dual stem loops within the poliovirus internal ribosomal entry site control neurovirulence.
abstract: In the human central nervous system, susceptibility to poliovirus (PV) infection is largely confined to a specific subpopulation of neuronal cells. PV tropism is likely to be determined by cell-external components such as the PV receptor CD155, as well as cell-internal constraints such as the availability of a suitable microenvironment for virus propagation. We reported previously that the exchange of the cognate internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) within the 5' nontranslated region of PV with its counterpart from human rhinovirus type 2 (HRV2) can eliminate the neuropathogenic phenotype in a transgenic mouse model for poliomyelitis without diminishing the growth properties in HeLa cells. We now show that attenuation of neurovirulence of PV/HRV2 chimeras is not confined to CD155 transgenic mice but is evident also after intraspinal inoculation into Cynomolgus monkeys. We have dissected the PV and HRV2 IRES elements to determine those structures responsible for neurovirulence (or attenuation) of these chimeric viruses. We report that two adjacent stem loop structures within the IRES cooperatively determine neuropathogenicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA. gromeier@asterix.bio.sunysb.edu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gromeier
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bossert
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arita
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nomoto
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wimmer
mesh_terms: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009474:Neurons / Q000821:virology; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D017955:Poliovirus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D012367:RNA, Viral; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000378:metabolism; D014774:Virulence / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D012367:RNA, Viral; D011991:Receptors, Virus; C066100:poliovirus receptor