title: Effects of environmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins on cognitive abilities in Dutch children at 42 months of age.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study possible adverse effects of environmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and dioxins on cognitive functioning in young children.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a follow-up of the Dutch PCB/Dioxin study, cognitive abilities were assessed with the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children in 42-month-old children (n = 395). In a subgroup (n = 193) verbal comprehension was assessed with the Reynell Language Developmental Scales. Prenatal PCB exposure was estimated from the sum of PCBs 118, 138, 153, and 180 (SigmaPCB) in maternal plasma. Lactational exposure was assessed from breast milk PCB and dioxin concentrations, multiplied by the number of weeks of breast-feeding. Current PCB body burden was estimated from SigmaPCB in 42-month-old plasma samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjustment was done for covariables, maternal SigmaPCB was associated with lower scores on the overall cognitive and sequential and simultaneous processing scales of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (all P <.05). The highest exposed group (SigmaPCB >/= 3 microg/L) scored 4 points lower on all 3 scales of the K-ABC when compared with the lowest exposed group (SigmaPCB < 1.5 microg/L). Both lactational exposure and current exposure to PCBs and dioxins were not related to 42-month cognitive performance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In utero exposure to "background" PCB concentrations is associated with poorer cognitive functioning in preschool children. Children of mothers at the upper end of exposure are especially at risk. Therefore maternal PCB body burden should be reduced, and breast-feeding should not be discouraged.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus University and University Hospital/Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patandin
authors.forename: C I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Lanting
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Mulder
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Boersma
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Sauer
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Weisglas-Kuperus
mesh_terms: D001942:Breast Feeding; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D004147:Dioxins / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry; D009426:Netherlands; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
chemical_list: D004147:Dioxins; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls