title: Usefulness of cyanide-nitroprusside test in detecting incomplete recessive heterozygotes for cystinuria: a standardized dilution procedure.
abstract: We present the results of a cyanide-nitroprusside test (CNT) after a standardized dilution procedure of urine samples and report the efficiency of this method in detecting heterozygotes for cystinuria when applied on an open pediatric population. In the preliminary study we assayed by quantitative determination of amino acids 162 urine samples from a hospital population identifying 24 type III heterozygotes and 2 type II heterozygotes for cystinuria. The classic CNT gave 38 false positive results and 5 false negative results showing a sensitivity and specificity of 0.808 and 0.721, respectively. When progressively diluted, all samples of heterozygotes remained CNT positive up to a creatinine concentration of 90 mg/dl. At this level of dilution 31 out of 38 false positive turned to negative, thus obtaining a specificity of 0.922 without a lowering of the sensitivity in detecting heterozygotes. The standardized dilution at 90 mg/dl of creatinine concentration was applied to 74.7% of a population of 1024 schoolchildren. In this way 163 out of 210 positive results were eliminated and thus the specificity of CNT rose from 0.789 to 0.953. On the basis of these results, the method proposed can be regarded as reliable and useful for a screening program in detecting heterozygotes for cystinuria.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Italia.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Finocchiaro
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: D'Eufemia
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Celli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zaccagnini
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Viozzi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Troiani
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mannarino
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Giardini
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003486:Cyanides; D003545:Cysteine / Q000652:urine; D003555:Cystinuria / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000652:urine; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D006580:Genetic Carrier Screening / Q000379:methods*; D005820:Genetic Testing / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D007201:Indicator Dilution Techniques / Q000592:standards; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D009599:Nitroprusside; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D003486:Cyanides; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D009599:Nitroprusside; D003545:Cysteine