title: Filling in of radiation therapy-induced bronchiectatic change: a reliable sign of locally recurrent lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if filling in of radiation therapy-induced bronchiectatic change is a reliable computed tomographic (CT) sign of locally recurrent lung cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 28 patients who were free of disease and had stable radiation therapy-induced consolidation in ectatic bronchi at least 9 months after completion of radiation therapy for non-small cell lung cancer. Serial CT scans were retrospectively reviewed for evidence of local recurrence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Filling in of previously patent ectatic bronchi occurred in the 20 patients with recurrent disease. Filling in was the first sign of recurrence in six patients (30%), was seen concurrently with other evidence of local recurrence in 11 (55%), and was seen after the occurrence of other signs in three (15%). Eight patients with stable radiation-induced fibrosis and patent bronchi remained disease free.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Filling in of radiation therapy-induced bronchiectatic change is a reliable CT sign of locally recurrent lung cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA.
authors.forename: H I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Libshitz
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Sheppard
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001987:Bronchiectasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D002283:Carcinoma, Bronchogenic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000532:radiotherapy; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000528:radiation effects; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed