title: Protein levels of interleukin-12 p70 holomer, its p40 chain and interferon-gamma during advancing HIV infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  a switch from T helper 1 (TH1) to T helper 2 (TH2)-like cytokine production has been proposed for progressive HIV infection.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  to study whether this hypothesis is reflected by altered IL-12 and IFN-gamma serum levels in HIV patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  we measured serum levels of IL-12 p40 and p70 and IFN-gamma in 90 HIV seropositive patients at differing disease stages and in 10 healthy controls by radioimmunoassays. These cytokines were compared to established surrogate markers of immunodeficiency.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IFN-gamma, as well as IL-12 p40 and p70, levels were significantly increased in HIV patients compared to controls. However, IFN-gamma and IL-12 showed no significant variations with progressive stages of immunodeficiency. IFN-gamma levels showed a significant positive correlation to the progression marker beta2-microglobulin and correlated negatively with CD4+ lymphocyte counts. In addition, IFN-gamma concentrations were related to sTNF-R p55 and p75 serum levels. Interestingly. IFN-gamma was related to IL-12 only with respect to p40, but not to p70.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  although our data do not necessarily reflect cytokine secretion at the single cell level or the cytokine milieu in the lymphoid microenvironment, our results from peripheral blood fail to demonstrate progressively decreased IL-12 and IFN-gamma serum levels in HIV infected patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Rockstroh
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Kreuzer
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sauerbruch
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Spengler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000097:blood; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood*; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000097:blood*; D016014:Linear Models; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000097:blood; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin; D018664:Interleukin-12; D007371:Interferon-gamma