title: Plasmalemmal pH-gradients in drug-sensitive and drug-resistant MCF-7 human breast carcinoma xenografts measured by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
abstract: 31p Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was employed to investigate tumor pH in xenografts of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells. Measured extracellular pH values were found to be lower than the intracellular pH in all three tumor types investigated. The magnitude of this acid-outside plasmalemmal pH gradient increased with increasing tumor size in tumors of two drug-resistant variants of MCF-7 cells, but not in tumors of the parent (drug-sensitive) cells. The partitioning of weak-base or weak-acid drug molecules across the plasma membrane of a tumor cell is dependent upon the acid-dissociation constant (pKa) of the drug as well as the plasmalemmal pH gradient. A large acid-outside pH gradient, such as those seen in MCF-7 xenografts, can exert a protective effect on the cell from weak-base drugs such as anthracyclines and Vinca alkaloids, which have pKa values of 7.5 to 9.5. The possibility of enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of weak-base drugs by dietary or metabolic manipulation of the extracellular pH, in order to reduce or reverse the plasmalemmal pH gradient, deserves investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson 85724-5042, USA.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Raghunand
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Altbach
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Sluis
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Baggett
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Z M
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Bhujwalla
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Gillies
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy*; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D010758:Phosphorus; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D010758:Phosphorus