title: Prospective pretransplant ultrasound screening in 206 patients for acquired renal cysts and renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Numerous studies have reported an increased prevalence of renal cell carcinoma in association with acquired cystic kidney disease (ACKD). In 1995, the clinical practice guidelines of the American Society of Transplant Physicians for evaluation of renal transplant candidates recommend not screening for ACKD and renal cell carcinoma, on the basis of the low frequency of cancer and reported regression of ACKD after transplantation. The objective of this study was to prospectively evaluate the prevalence of ACKD and renal cancer during renal transplant evaluation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 206 consecutive adult patients evaluated for renal transplantation underwent a routine renal ultrasound. Patients with a suspicious ultrasound underwent a contrasted computed tomographic scan of the kidneys followed by excision of kidneys with solid, enhancing (>10 Hounsfield units) lesions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-three (30.6%) of 206 patients had ACKD, with a greater proportion being male, African-American, and dialysis-dependent for a longer duration. Eight patients (3.8%) had histologically proven localized cancer (six unilateral, two bilateral), seven in association with ACKD and one in association with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. With a mean follow-up of 14 months (range, 3-33 mo), there has been no recurrence. The positive predictive value of a solid lesion on ultrasound was 100% (8 of 8 patients).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With the high prevalence (3.4%) of renal cell carcinoma in association with ACKD and the concern that immunosuppression accelerates the growth of preexisting cancers, we continue to recommend ultrasound screening of the native kidneys before renal transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson 39216, USA.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Gulanikar
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Daily
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Kilambi
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Hamrick-Turner
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Butkus
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D052177:Kidney Diseases, Cystic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography