title: T134, a small-molecule CXCR4 inhibitor, has no cross-drug resistance with AMD3100, a CXCR4 antagonist with a different structure.
abstract: T22, an analog of polyphemusin II (18 amino acid residues), was found to block T-tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) entry into target cells as a CXCR4 inhibitor. We synthesized T134, a small analog (14 amino acid residues) of T22 with reduced positive charges. T134 exhibited highly potent activity and significantly less cytotoxicity in comparison to that of T22. T134 prevents the anti-CXCR4 monoclonal antibody from binding to peripheral blood mononuclear cells but has no effect on the binding of anti-CCR5 monoclonal antibodies. Since T134 inhibits the binding of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) to MT-4 cells, it seems that T134 prevents HIV-1 entry by binding to CXCR4. The bicyclam AMD3100 has also been shown to block HIV-1 entry via CXCR4 but not via CCR5. Both T134 and AMD3100 are CXCR4 antagonists and low-molecular-weight compounds but have different structures. Our results indicate that T134 is active against wild-type T-tropic HIV-1 strains and against AMD3100-resistant strains.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kagoshima University Dental School, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arakaki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tamamura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Premanathan
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kanbara
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramanan
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mochizuki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baba
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakashima
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001596:Benzylamines; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D000080027:Cyclams; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects*; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D001596:Benzylamines; D000080027:Cyclams; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; C112118:TW 70; C088327:plerixafor