title: Interaction of hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 with adapter proteins Crk and CrkL leads to synergistic activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase.
abstract: Hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1), a mammalian Ste20-related protein kinase, is an upstream activator of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). In order to further characterize the HPK1-mediated JNK signaling cascade, we searched for HPK1-interacting proteins that could regulate HPK1. We found that HPK1 interacted with Crk and CrkL adaptor proteins in vitro and in vivo and that the proline-rich motifs within HPK1 were involved in the differential interaction of HPK1 with the Crk proteins and Grb2. Crk and CrkL not only activated HPK1 but also synergized with HPK1 in the activation of JNK. The HPK1 mutant (HPK1-PR), which encodes the proline-rich region alone, blocked JNK activation by Crk and CrkL. Dominant-negative mutants of HPK1 downstream effectors, including MEKK1, TAK1, and SEK1, also inhibited Crk-induced JNK activation. These results suggest that the Crk proteins serve as upstream regulators of HPK1. We further observed that the HPK1 mutant HPK1-KD(M46), which encodes the kinase domain with a point mutation at lysine-46, and HPK1-PR blocked interleukin-2 (IL-2) induction in Jurkat T cells, suggesting that HPK1 signaling plays a critical role in IL-2 induction. Interestingly, HPK1 phosphorylated Crk and CrkL, mainly on serine and threonine residues in vitro. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the functional interaction of HPK1 with Crk and CrkL, reveal the downstream pathways of Crk- and CrkL-induced JNK activation, and highlight a potential role of HPK1 in T-cell activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: X S
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Oehrl
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Feller
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D019556:COS Cells; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D051380:GRB2 Adaptor Protein; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D009154:Mutation; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D050737:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-crk; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; C082869:CRKL protein; D051380:GRB2 Adaptor Protein; C495948:GRB2 protein, human; D007376:Interleukin-2; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D050737:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-crk; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C102102:hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases