title: Suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by tyrphostin AG-556.
abstract: Tyrosine kinase blockers from the AG 126/AG-556 tyrphostin family are shown to inhibit the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), nitric oxide (NO), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in primary rat astrocytes cultures. The tyrphostin AG-556 which was previously shown to be effective against sepsis in mice and dogs also show excellent efficacy in inhibiting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice. AG-556 does not block the activation of JNK/SAPK and of p38/HOG and therefore seems to act at a target down stream to these kinases which is activated in stress or at a target on an obligatory parallel pathway. These findings together with previous results showing inhibition of sepsis in mice and dogs suggest that protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) blockers of the AG-556 family may be considered in the management of human autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS).
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hadassah University Hospital and Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, 91120.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brenner
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Poradosu
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Soffer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sicsic
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gazit
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Levitzki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism; D020032:Tyrphostins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D020032:Tyrphostins; C098981:AG 556; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D014443:Tyrosine; D011494:Protein Kinases; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases