title: Prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms among Ohio cash grain farmers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of chronic cough, chronic phlegm, dyspnea, and non-cold wheeze was estimated from a mixed-mode survey of Ohio cash grain farmers in 1993.
  
  
  METHODS
  Personal characteristics of the principal operators (POs) such as age and cigarette smoking, in addition to selected farm characteristics and relevant medical and work history factors potentially associated with both exposure to respiratory irritants and subsequent respiratory symptoms were considered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall design-adjusted prevalences (and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were: 9.4% (7.6-11.1%) for chronic cough, 10.8% (9.0-12.6%) for chronic phlegm, 16.2% (14.1-18.3%) for dyspnea, and 8.1% (6.4-9.8%) for non-cold wheeze. In univariate and multivariate analyses, smoking status was found, not surprisingly, to be the strongest predictor of increased symptom prevalence compared to all other factors. Other non-occupational factors found associated with increased symptom prevalence include age (cough, phlegm, dyspnea) and pet allergy (non-cold wheeze). Occupational factors found at least weakly associated with increased symptom prevalence include lifetime hours of cab tractor operation (cough); percent time spent farming (phlegm); having livestock other than cattle, cows, and calves (dyspnea); acres of corn for silage or green chop (cough); acres of alfalfa hay (non-cold wheeze); and personal involvement with pesticides (cough).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Symptom prevalences reported here are consistent with previous findings from studies of other groups of farmers. Results pertaining to factors found associated with symptom prevalences should be interpreted in light of several sources of potential bias.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Biometrics, School of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, USA. wilkins.2@osu.edu
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Wilkins
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Engelhardt
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Rublaitus
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Bean
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000383:Agriculture; D016573:Agrochemicals / Q000009:adverse effects; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic; D002417:Cattle; D002908:Chronic Disease; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003371:Cough / Q000453:epidemiology; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000453:epidemiology; D002523:Edible Grain; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000453:epidemiology; D007509:Irritants / Q000009:adverse effects; D000455:Medicago sativa; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D009820:Ohio / Q000453:epidemiology; D010575:Pesticides / Q000009:adverse effects; D015995:Prevalence; D012120:Respiration Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012135:Respiratory Sounds; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D013183:Sputum; D003313:Zea mays
chemical_list: D016573:Agrochemicals; D007509:Irritants; D010575:Pesticides