title: [Athletic amenorrhea and its consequences. Hard physical training at an early age can cause serious bone damage].
abstract: Strenuous exercise in women is associated with a high incidence of menstrual dysfunction, including amenorrhoea. Athletic amenorrhoea is most common among long-distance runners and ballet dancers, with a prevalence of up to 66 per cent. It is of hypothalamic origin, the pulsatile release of GnRH (gonadotrophin-releasing hormone) being disturbed during exercise, resulting in low gonadotrophin and oestrogen levels. Accumulated evidence suggests athletic amenorrhoea to be related to energy deficiency or to the eating disorders that are prevalent among athletes. The long-term consequences of amenorrhoea are premature osteoporosis and increased risk of musculoskeletal injury. Elite training in young girls tends to delay pubertal development, resulting in decreased bone mass accumulation and reduced growth potential.
authors.affiliation: Medicinska forskningsrådet, Karolinska sjukhuset, Stockholm.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Hirschberg
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hagenfeldt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000568:Amenorrhea / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D002648:Child; D001068:Feeding and Eating Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D009748:Nutrition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D010807:Physical Endurance; D005082:Physical Exertion; D010907:Pituitary Hormones / Q000378:metabolism; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D010907:Pituitary Hormones