title: Subtype-selective expression of the five somatostatin receptors (hSSTR1-5) in human pancreatic islet cells: a quantitative double-label immunohistochemical analysis.
abstract: We have developed a panel of rabbit polyclonal antipeptide antibodies against the five human somatostatin receptor subtypes (hSSTR1-5) and used them to analyze the pattern of expression of hSSTR1-5 in normal human islet cells by quantitative double-label confocal fluorescence immunocytochemistry. All five hSSTR subtypes were variably expressed in islets. The number of SSTR immunopositive cells showed a rank order of SSTR1 > SSTR5 > SSTR2 > SSTR3 > SSTR4. SSTR1 was strongly colocalized with insulin in all beta-cells. SSTR5 was also an abundant isotype, being colocalized in 87% of beta-cells. SSTR2 was found in 46% of beta-cells, whereas SSTR3 and SSTR4 were relatively poorly expressed. SSTR2 was strongly colocalized with glucagon in 89% of alpha-cells, whereas SSTR5 and SSTR1 colocalized with glucagon in 35 and 26% of alpha-cells, respectively. SSTR3 was detected in occasional alpha-cells, and SSTR4 was absent. SSTR5 was preferentially expressed in 75% of SST-positive cells and was the principal delta-cell SSTR subtype, whereas SSTR1-3 were colocalized in only a few delta-cells, and SSTR4 was absent. These studies reveal predominant expression of SSTR1, SSTR2, and SSTR5 in human islets. Beta-cells, alpha-cells, and delta-cells each express multiple SSTR isoforms, beta-cells being rich in SSTR1 and SSTR5, alpha-cells in SSTR2, and delta-cells in SSTR5. Although there is no absolute specificity of any SSTR for an islet cell type, SSTR1 is beta-cell selective, and SSTR2 is alpha-cell selective. SSTR5 is well expressed in beta-cells and delta-cells and moderately well expressed in alpha-cells, and thereby it lacks the islet cell selectivity displayed by SSTR1 and SSTR2. Subtype-selective SSTR expression in islet cells could be the basis for preferential insulin suppression by SSTR1-specific ligands and of glucagon inhibition by SSTR2-selective compounds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, McGill University, Royal Victoria Hospital, and the Montreal Neurological Institute, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sasi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suresh
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thangaraju
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Metrakos
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Patel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D005934:Glucagon / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D007536:Isomerism; D011817:Rabbits; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin / Q000378:metabolism*; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000378:metabolism; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin; D013004:Somatostatin; D005934:Glucagon