title: Silencer and enhancer regions in the human CD95 (Fas/APO-1) gene with sequence similarity to the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor promoter: binding of single strand-specific silencer factors and AP-1 and NF-AT-like enhancer factors.
abstract: The CD95 (Fas/APO-1) apoptosis receptor is expressed in a variety of tissues and transiently upregulated in lymphocytes during activation-induced cell death. A silencer (S1; -1035 to -1008) and an adjacent enhancer (E1; -1007 to -964) region have been mapped in the CD95 gene. The S1 region shows similarity to binding sites for the transcriptional repressor NF-GMb, which prefers binding to single-stranded DNA. The E1 contains an everted repeat of two CATTA/T elements spaced by 2 bp (ER2). Such motifs are directly repeated in the CLE0 region of the human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (huGM-CSF) promoter. A motif (TGATGTCA) which matches a CREB site and is similar to an AP-1 site is embedded within ER2. Sequence-specific binding of nuclear factors to single-stranded S1 probes involved, to some extent, a central heptamer motif (ATCCAAA) also present in E1. Competition binding studies suggested that AP-1 or AP-1 components, as well as factors related, but not identical, to NF-AT bound to E1 probes. S1-binding-proteins/complexes of 47, 77, and 100 kDa were detected by Southwestern analysis and ultraviolet crosslinking. Complexes of 70 and 80 kDa were formed with a double-stranded E1 probe in UV-crosslinking, whereas Southwestern analysis with this probe revealed single binding species of 59 and 113 kDa. ER2 autonomously enhanced transcription from the heterologous HSV tk promoter in a cell type-specific manner only in the absence of the S1 region. This analysis has identified a small region in the CD95 gene containing adjacent opposing regulatory elements which are likely to be involved in the cell type- and activation state-specific gene expression under physiologic conditions.
authors.affiliation: Genesis Research and Development Corporation Limited, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rudert
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lindridge
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lasham
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grandison
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Watson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001704:Biopolymers; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D019556:COS Cells; D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D013937:Thymidine Kinase / Q000235:genetics; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D001704:Biopolymers; D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D014157:Transcription Factors; D019014:fas Receptor; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D013937:Thymidine Kinase