title: Injection techniques to anesthetize the difficult tooth.
abstract: Failure to achieve anesthesia can be a significant problem in the day-to-day practice of dentistry. The usual strategy following an anesthetic failure is to reinject. Therefore, a good understanding of conventional anesthetic techniques is important. But the practitioner also needs to have a broad armamentarium of injection strategies available for the "difficult-to-anesthetize cases". These strategies include the use of 5 percent lidocaine, intrapulpal injection, periodontal ligament injection and intraosseous injection. This paper will be a brief discussion of those techniques with an emphasis on the intraosseous injection.
authors.affiliation: UCLA School of Dentistry, Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, USA.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Quinn
mesh_terms: D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003782:Dental Pulp; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections / Q000379:methods; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010513:Periodontal Ligament
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine