title: The relation of closed birth intervals to the sex of the preceding child and the sexual orientation of the succeeding child.
abstract: The study investigated whether homosexual men are, on average, born a shorter time after their next-older siblings than are heterosexual men. Because of mixed evidence that birth intervals are longer after a male child, the sex of the next-older sibling was included as a control variable. The probands were 220 heterosexual and 183 homosexual men with at least one older sibling examined in Southern Ontario in 1994-95. These completed a self-administered, anonymous questionnaire concerning their family background and other biodemographic information. The results showed that birth interval was negatively correlated with sibship size, positively correlated with maternal age, and uncorrelated with paternal age. They also confirmed that birth intervals are longer after a male than after a female child. The mean birth intervals preceding heterosexual and homosexual males, however, were virtually identical, indicating that the association of short birth intervals with decreased sex hormone levels in cord blood is unrelated to the development of sexual orientation.
authors.affiliation: Clarke Institute of Psychiatry, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Blanchard
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Bogaert
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001721:Birth Intervals; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000032:analysis; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009864:Ontario; D012723:Sex; D012744:Sex Ratio; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones