title: Exercise-induced altitude decompression sickness.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been known since World War II that exercise at altitude increases incidence of decompression sickness (DCS). However, data on the effects of specific exercise types at altitude are lacking. This research focused on the relative hazards of exercise without motion (isometric, straining) vs. dynamic exercise involving motion. The study also compared arm vs. leg exercise.
  
  
  METHODS
  There were 32 healthy male subjects exposed, while resting, to 29,500 ft (8992 m) for 4 h or until DCS occurred, at which time they were brought to ground level. If the subject developed DCS on this exposure, he was exposed in successive months to lower altitudes, using the same procedure, until the subject was free of symptoms for the 4-h exposure. At this symptom-free altitude, as low as 20,000 ft (6096 m), the subject performed isometric arm, isometric leg, dynamic arm and dynamic leg exercises at less than 10% of maximal oxygen consumption, each during separate exposure months. Precordial venous gas emboli (VGE) were monitored every 20 min during each exposure with a Hewlett-Packard SONOS 1000 Echo Imaging System.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dynamic arm, dynamic leg, isometric arm, and isometric leg exercise induced DCS in 50%, 38%, 41% and 31% of the subjects, respectively. VGE incidence varied from 47-66%. No significant differences in DCS or VGE were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Under our test conditions, there was no difference between dynamic and isometric exercise in eliciting DCS. Exercise during exposure to the symptom-free altitude for 4 h produced a 40% incidence DCS.
authors.affiliation: High Altitude Protection Flight Stress Protection Division, Brooks AFB, TX 78235-5104, USA.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Pilmanis
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Wiegman
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Webb
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000532:Altitude Sickness / Q000209:etiology*; D001132:Arm / Q000502:physiology; D003665:Decompression Sickness / Q000209:etiology*; D004618:Embolism, Air / Q000209:etiology; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D007551:Isotonic Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D007866:Leg / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors