title: Gram stain method shows better sensitivity than clinical criteria for detection of bacterial vaginosis in surveillance of pregnant, low-income women in a clinical setting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study is to determine whether the Gram stain method is superior to the clinical criteria for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis in low-income pregnant women seen in a resident clinic setting. The clinical criteria is the current diagnostic method employed to diagnose bacterial vaginosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, 51 pregnant women with vaginal discharge were prospectively evaluated. All were screened using the clinical criteria, Gram stain method, and culture of the discharge. The modified scoring system instituted by Nugent et al. (J Clin Microbiol 29:297-301, 1991) was employed in reading the Gram stain smears. The clinical criteria were then compared with the Gram stain method. Isolation of moderate to many Gardnerella vaginalis growth by culture was used as the confirmatory finding.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sensitivity of the Gram stain method (91%) was significantly higher than that of the clinical criteria (46%), (sign test P = 0.0023, < 0.01). The Gram stain method also has both a low false-negative (4%) and high negative predictive value (96%), making it an ideal diagnostic test.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Gram stain method is a rapid and cost-effective test that is also highly reproducible and readily available in many laboratories. These features make the Gram stain method a more desirable screening procedure for bacterial vaginosis in a clinic population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Joseph Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Tam
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yungbluth
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Myles
mesh_terms: D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D006194:Gardnerella vaginalis / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005840:Gentian Violet / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D010044:Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; D010619:Phenazines / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000191:economics; D011203:Poverty; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D016585:Vaginosis, Bacterial / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: C035863:Gram's stain; D010619:Phenazines; D005840:Gentian Violet