title: A randomized trial comparing 5-mg and 10-mg warfarin loading doses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Warfarin sodium therapy is usually initiated with a loading dose to reduce the time required to elevate the international normalized ratio (INR). Warfarin loading doses are associated with early overanticoagulation and the development of a potential hypercoagulable state; they also may not hasten achieving an INR value between 2.0 and 3.0. This study was designed to prospectively confirm our observation that a 5-mg warfarin sodium loading dose is as effective as a 10-mg loading dose in achieving a therapeutic INR for 2 consecutive days on days 3 and 4 or 4 and 5 of therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-three patients initiating warfarin therapy with a target INR of 2.0 to 3.0 were randomly allocated to receive an initial dose of 5 or 10 mg of warfarin. Subsequent doses were based on dosing algorithms. The INR was measured daily for 5 days. The primary end point of the study was the proportion of patients whose INR values were between 2.0 and 3.0 on 2 consecutive daily determinations on days 3, 4, or 5 of the study and whose INR did not exceed 3.0 at any point during the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five (24%) of 21 patients in the 10-mg group and 21 (66%) of 32 patients in the 5-mg group achieved the primary end point (relative risk 2.22, 95% confidence interval 1.30-3.70 [P < .003]). A trend toward less overanticoagulation was seen in the 5-mg warfarin group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A 10-mg loading dose of warfarin is unlikely to be more effective than a 5-mg loading dose in achieving an INR of 2.0 to 3.0 by day 4 or 5 of therapy.
authors.affiliation: Hamilton Civic Hospitals Research Centre, Ontario, Canada. crowthrm@fhs.csu.mcmaster.ca
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Crowther
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Ginsberg
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kearon
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Massicotte
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hirsh
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019934:International Normalized Ratio; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014859:Warfarin / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D014859:Warfarin