title: Accuracy of the [13C]-urea breath test in diagnosing Helicobacter pylori gastritis in pediatric patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The causal association between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) colonization of the gastric mucosa and gastritis is now well established. Histologic examination of endoscopic biopsy specimens has long been regarded as the gold standard for diagnosis. However, the changes can be focal in nature and presence of the organism may be missed in nonsampled areas. The urea breath test, which uses a stable isotope, offers distinct advantages, in that it is noninvasive and measures the activity of the micro-organism. It thus represents a potentially invaluable tool in the initial diagnosis of the infection and in verifying its eradication.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study design was that of a prospective, blinded comparison of the [13C]-urea breath test with histologic assessment of antral biopsy specimens using the Warthin-Starry stain, to diagnose H. pylori infection in a group of 79 consecutive pediatric patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients classified as negative by histology (n=67) had breath 13C enrichment of 0.97+/-0.07 delta per thousand (mean+/-SEM), with a range of -0.20 and 2.83 delta per thousand. In contrast, those with a positive histologic results (n=12) had an enrichment of 25.41+/-5.01 delta per thousand (range, 3.43-58.80; p < 0.001). At the chosen cutoff point of 3 delta per thousand, the sensitivity and specificity as well as the positive and negative predictive values of the breath test were uniformly 100%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The [13C]-urea breath test is a highly reliable, noninvasive method for the diagnosis of H. pylori gastritis in children and adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Center, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montréal, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Delvin
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Brazier
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Deslandres
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Seidman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001706:Biopsy; D001944:Breath Tests; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005756:Gastritis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011706:Pyloric Antrum / Q000473:pathology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014508:Urea / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D014508:Urea