title: Transcranial color Doppler sonography of basal cerebral arteries in 182 healthy subjects: age and sex variability and normal reference values for blood flow parameters.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Only a limited number of transcranial color-coded Doppler studies have provided ranges for the normal reference values of cerebral hemodynamic parameters. These reports are not fully convergent in relation to the range of values or to the age and sex dependence of blood flow parameters. The aim of the present study was to provide data regarding normal reference ranges.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 182 healthy volunteers (79 men and 103 women; age range, 20-86 years old) with color-coded Doppler sonography via a temporal acoustic window with a 2.5-MHz transcranial probe. The subjects were divided into three age groups: 20-40 years old (group 1), 41-60 years old (group 2), and more than 60 years old (group 3). Angle-corrected peak systolic, end-diastolic, and mean velocities as well as impedance indexes were determined in anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean velocity values for middle, anterior, and posterior cerebral arteries in age group 1 were 81+/-20, 56+/-14, and 52+/-12 cm/sec (mean +/- SD), respectively. In group 2, the values were 73+/-19, 53+/-16, and 51+/-12 cm/sec (mean +/- SD), and in group 3, the values were 59+/-11, 44+/-11, and 40+/-9 cm/sec (mean +/- SD). Decrease in blood flow velocities and a concomitant increase in impedance indexes were found in all vessels with advancing age-findings that were most pronounced in subjects who were more than 40 years old. In the 20- to 40-year-old group, mean velocities for all vessels were higher in women than in men, whereas impedance indexes were not significantly different.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Flow velocities in basal cerebral arteries range widely and are significantly age dependent. Age and sex matching of Doppler sonographic data is a prerequisite for clinically valuable conclusions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Białystok Medical Academy, Poland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Krejza
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mariak
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Walecki
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Szydlik
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lewko
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ustymowicz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D012737:Sex Factors; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial