title: Involvement of interleukin-6 in the elevation of plasma fibrinogen levels in lung cancer patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Involvements of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and fibrinogen in cancer development have been independently studied. However, the association of these molecules in cancer patients remains uncertain. This study was conducted to clarify the association according to the clinicopathological characteristics of lung cancer patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum IL-6 levels assayed in 339 patients without pleural effusion were assessed according to clinical stage, histological type of the cancer and levels of fibrin (ogen) degradation products (FDP), and C-reactive protein (CRP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Elevations of serum IL-6 levels more than 4 pg/ml were found in 37.8% of all patients. According to the clinical stage and histological type, the elevations were significantly more frequent in the advanced stage (44.7%), in squamous cell (49.1%) and large cell carcinomas (63.6%). Similarly, the frequency of the elevated cases (> 400 mg/dl) and the mean value of the fibrinogen level were also higher in the advanced stage (54.2%, 455.0 mg/dl) and large cell carcinoma (54.6%, 459.3 mg/dl), respectively. The elevations of fibrinogen, FDP and CRP levels were found to be related to those of the IL-6 level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In lung cancer, serum IL-6 elevations are particularly frequent in the advanced stages of patients with squamous cell and large cell carcinoma, which are associated with the elevated levels of fibrinogen, suggesting a possibility that IL-6 was involved not only directly, but also indirectly, through regulating plasma fibrinogen with promotion of cancer development in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Toneyama National Hospital, Osaka, Japan. yamaguct@toneyama.hosp.go.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yokota
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogura
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D018287:Carcinoma, Large Cell / Q000097:blood; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000097:blood; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005337:Fibrin / Q000378:metabolism; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000378:metabolism; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; D015850:Interleukin-6; D005337:Fibrin; D005340:Fibrinogen; D002097:C-Reactive Protein