Virocrine transformation: the intersection between viral transforming proteins and cellular signal transduction pathways.
This review describes a mechanism of viral transformation involving activation of cellular signaling pathways. We focus on four viral oncoproteins: the E5 protein of bovine papillomavirus, which activates the platelet-derived growth factor beta receptor; gp55 of spleen focus forming virus, which activates the erythropoietin receptor; polyoma virus middle T antigen, which resembles an activated receptor tyrosine kinase; and LMP-1 of Epstein-Barr virus, which mimics an activated tumor necrosis factor receptor. These examples indicate that diverse viruses induce cell transformation by activating cellular signal transduction pathways. Study of this mechanism of viral transformation will provide new insights into viral tumorigenesis and cellular signal transduction.
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Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA. daniel.dimaio@yale.edu
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Klein
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D000818:Animals; D000952:Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming / Q000502:physiology; D052688:Bovine papillomavirus 1; D002417:Cattle; D002472:Cell Transformation, Viral / Q000502:physiology*; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D015513:Oncogene Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D020797:Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta; D017467:Receptors, Erythropoietin / Q000502:physiology; D017479:Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000502:physiology; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000502:physiology
D000952:Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming; C037662:EBV-associated membrane antigen, Epstein-Barr virus; D015513:Oncogene Proteins; D017467:Receptors, Erythropoietin; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins; C078780:glycoprotein gp55, Friend spleen focus-forming virus; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D020797:Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta; D017479:Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor