title: 13-cis-retinoic acid or all-trans-retinoic acid plus interferon-alpha in recurrent cervical cancer: a Southwest Oncology Group phase II randomized trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Preclinical and clinical data support the study of retinoids and interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) in advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix (SCC). This phase II randomized trial of the Southwest Oncology Group sought to estimate the response rate for IFN-alpha plus either 13-cis-retinoic acid (13cRA) or all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) in women with recurrent cervical SCC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eligibility for this trial required bidimensionally measurable locally recurrent or metastatic squamous or adenosquamous carcinoma of the uterine cervix; SWOG performance status of </=2; no prior interferon, retinoids, or chemotherapy (except as radiation sensitization). All but two patients were previously treated with surgery, radiation therapy, or both. After randomization, patients received IFN-alpha-2A (subcutaneous injection; 3 x 10(6) units/m2/day) plus either 13cRA (1 mg/kg/day orally) or ATRA (150 mg/m2/day orally) in two equally divided doses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total enrollment was 63 patients, 21 in the ATRA arm, 42 in the 13cRA arm. Three patients were ineligible, 1 in the ATRA arm, 2 in the 13cRA arm. Each arm had 1 patient who received no assigned treatment and was not evaluated for response or toxicity. The ATRA/IFN-alpha response rate was 5% (1/19; 95% confidence interval = 0.1-26%), consisting of 1 partial response lasting 4 weeks. The 13cRA/IFN-alpha response rate was 8% (3/39; 95% confidence interval = 2-21%), consisting of 3 partial responses lasting 17, 22, and 24 weeks, respectively. All confirmed responses were partial. One additional unconfirmed partial response occurred in the 13cRA arm. Both regimens were generally well-tolerated and produced toxicities (principally malaise and fatigue) associated with each constituent agent's known single-agent side effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based upon the results of this study, neither regimen can be recommended for further study in patients previously treated with radiation therapy.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: P Y
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Alberts
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Scudder
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lippman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015474:Isotretinoin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D016898:Interferon-alpha; D014212:Tretinoin; D015474:Isotretinoin