title: Neuroadaptations in ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptor mRNA produced by cocaine treatment.
abstract: The expression of glutamate receptor/subunit mRNAs was examined 3 weeks after discontinuing 1 week of daily injections of saline or cocaine. The level of mRNA for GluR1-4, NMDAR1, and mGluR5 receptors was measured with in situ hybridization and RT-PCR. In nucleus accumbens, acute cocaine treatment significantly reduced the mRNA level for GluR3, GluR4, and NMDAR1 subunits, whereas repeated cocaine reduced the level for GluR3 mRNA. Acute cocaine treatment also reduced the NMDAR1 mRNA level in dorsolateral striatum and ventral tegmental area. In prefrontal cortex, repeated cocaine treatment significantly increased the level of GluR2 mRNA. The GluR2 mRNA level was not changed by acute or repeated cocaine in any other brain regions examined. Repeated cocaine treatment also significantly increased mGluR5 mRNA levels in nucleus accumbens shell and dorsolateral striatum. Functional properties of the ionotropic glutamate receptors are determined by subunit composition. In addition, metabotropic glutamate receptors can modulate synaptic transmission and the response to stimulation of ionotropic receptors. Thus, the observed changes in levels of AMPA and NMDA receptor subunits and the mGluR5 metabotropic receptor may alter excitatory neurotransmission in the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system, which could play a significant role in the enduring biochemical and behavioral effects of cocaine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary and Comparative Anatomy, Pharmacology and Physiology, Washington State University, Pullman 99164-6520, USA.
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Ghasemzadeh
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: X Y
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Kalivas
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D003042:Cocaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009714:Nucleus Accumbens / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018091:Receptors, AMPA / Q000235:genetics*; D018092:Kainic Acid Receptors / Q000235:genetics*; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate / Q000235:genetics*; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000235:genetics; D017557:Ventral Tegmental Area / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D003042:Cocaine; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018091:Receptors, AMPA; D018092:Kainic Acid Receptors; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; C104723:glutamate receptor ionotropic, AMPA 3; C104724:glutamate receptor ionotropic, AMPA 4; C104722:glutamate receptor ionotropic, AMPA 2