title: Contribution of advances in immunology to vaccine development.
abstract: During the last 10 years, investigation of the bovine immune system has generated knowledge and reagents that can now be applied to study the mechanisms of immunity to disease and the identity of antigens recognized by protective immune responses. Such studies can indicate which antigens are likely to be effective in subunit vaccines and also highlight the type of antigen delivery system that will be required for a vaccine to induce a protective immune response. In the case of bovine RSV, studies of immune responses in the target host have demonstrated that both antibody and CTL responses play an important role in immunity. Both the F and G glycoproteins have been identified as targets of protective antibodies, and systems have been established that will allow the identification of the viral antigens recognized by CTL. Further studies of CD4+ T-cell responses to the virus are required to determine whether or not components of the response have the potential to enhance disease and, therefore, need to be avoided in vaccination strategies.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Animal Health, Newbury, Berkshire, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: W I
authors.initials: WI
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Gaddum
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ellis
mesh_terms: D000486:Allergy and Immunology / Q000639:trends*; D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005805:Genes, MHC Class I; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D018112:Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Bovine / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D014612:Vaccines; D014765:Viral Vaccines
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D014612:Vaccines; D014765:Viral Vaccines