title: Long-term renal function in on-heart-beating donor kidney transplantation: a single-center experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  One of the most serious problems facing major transplant programs is the severe shortage of organs. Expansion of the donor pool to include nontraditional donors, such as non-heart-beating donors (NHBDs), would considerably expand the availability of organs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1983 and 1996, we performed a total of 125 non-heart-beating cadaveric renal transplantations under cyclosporine-based or tacrolimus-based immunosuppression. Thirty-nine recipients were females and 86 were males. Total ischemic time (TIT) and warm ischemic time (WIT) were an average of 761+/-347 min (322-2027 min) and 7.4+/-13.1 min (0-45 min), respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 125 transplanted kidneys from NHBDs, 98 (78.4%) developed delayed graft function (DGF), which lasted a mean of 16+/-21 days (range 3-37 days). One hundred and eight patients (86.4%) were off dialysis by the time of discharge. Of the 125 grafts, 11 (8.8%) were primary nonfunction. The average of the nadir of serum creatinine levels, which was evaluated using 108 patients who were off dialysis by the time of discharge, was 1.4+/-0.5 mg/dl. The lowest creatinine levels (nadir) were under 2.0 mg/dl in 98 (78.4%) of the 125 patients. Acute rejection occurred in 64 (51.2%) of the 125 recipients. Patient survival rates were 90% at 5 years and 88% at 10 years. Graft survival rates were 65% at 5 years and 46% at 10 years. We tried to find the risk factors that affected graft survival. We examined the various possible risk factors, including harvesting condition (controlled versus uncontrolled), HLA-AB mismatches, HLA-DR mismatches, graft weight, donor age and sex, recipient age and sex, posttransplant DGF, acute rejection, WIT, and TIT. However, no significant risk factor was identified except acute rejection. We tried to discover the risk factors that caused primary nonfunction. Possible risk factors, including donor age, TIT, WIT, graft weight, and harvesting condition were compared, but no significant risk factor was identified. Long-term renal function was evaluated by serum creatinine levels. Serum creatinine levels at 1, 5, and 10 years were 1.76+/-0.7 mg/dl, 1.7+/-0.96 mg/dl, and 1.53-/+0.6 mg/dl, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, our data demonstrated that the procurement of kidneys from NHBDs leads to acceptable long-term graft survival and renal function, despite a high incidence of DGF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kidney Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan. ha9 k-tnb@asahi-net.or.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanabe
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oshima
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tokumoto
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kanematsu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shinmura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fuchinoue
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toma
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006085:Graft Survival; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D014019:Tissue Donors; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous