title: The pre-morbid psychometric profile is stable over time in subjects at high familial risk for affective disorders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The pre-morbid personality profile 'autonomic lability' (e.g. elevated neuroticism, frequent somatic complaints and increased interpersonal sensitivity) is suggested to be an antecedent of major depression. Recently, we reported that the psychometric profile of healthy first-degree relatives of patients with an affective disorder (so-called high-risk probands; HRPs) was characterized by the personality trait 'rigidity' in association with 'autonomic lability' and speculated that such a profile might be a potential candidate for a true vulnerability marker for affective disorders. Because one major prerequisite for any valid vulnerability marker is its stability over time, we re-examined our HRPs about four years after index assessment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen HRPs from the initial sample (n=54) participated in the follow-up investigation which, on average, took place 47 months after index assessment. All these HRPs had remained mentally healthy during the follow-up period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The psychometric profile was remarkably stable over the four-year period when considering the total group of the 16 HRPs. On an individual level, similar findings were obtained. Allowing a fluctuation within a narrowly defined 'band width', a constancy of the self-ratings was found in 75% of the HRPs, within a broader 'band width' this was the case in 88% of the HRPs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The power of the present observations appears to be somewhat limited due to the still small sample size of HRPs re-investigated and the fact that the control probands were not yet re-examined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present follow-up findings in 16 probands at high risk for an affective disorder indicate a sufficient stability of the psychometric profile over time, so that this requirement for a true vulnerability marker is fulfilled.
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany. lauer@mpipsykl.mpg.de
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lauer
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: von Zerssen
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schreiber
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Modell
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Holsboer
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Krieg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology*; D010375:Pedigree; D010552:Personality Assessment; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors