title: [A large-scale diagnostic program for the fragile X syndrome among the mentally handicapped. I. An epidemiologic survey].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Screening for the fragile X syndrome among the mentally retarded and estimation of the prevalence of the fragile X syndrome in the Netherlands.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital Dijkzigt and Erasmus University, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
  
  
  METHODS
  Since 1992 a screening programme for the fragile X syndrome has been conducted in 5 institutions giving residential care (1869 individuals) and 16 special schools (1483 children) in the southwestern Netherlands. After the parents/guardians' written consent, patients with an unknown cause for their mental handicap had a brief physical examination and a blood sample was taken for DNA analysis of the FMRI gene.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 3352 mentally retarded individuals 2189 individuals (65%) were eligible for testing, since they had no valid diagnosis, cerebral palsy, or a previous test for the FMRI gene mutation. Of the 2189 parents/guardians 1531 (70%) consented to testing. Besides 32 previously diagnosed fragile X patients, 11 new patients (9 males and 2 females) were diagnosed. Scoring of physical features was effective in preselection, especially for males (sensitivity 0.91 and specificity 0.92). The prevalence of the fragile X syndrome was estimated at 1/6045 for males (95% confidence interval: 1:9981-1:3851). On the basis of the actual number of diagnosed cases in the Netherlands, it was estimated that > 50% of the fragile X patients were undiagnosed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of parents/guardians gave consent for participation of their mentally retarded relative in the fragile X screening programme. Selection of male patients for FMRI gene analysis can be facilitated by evaluation of dysmorphic features. The calculated prevalence of the fragile X syndrome was lower than previously believed. However, the disorder was still considerably underdiagnosed.
authors.affiliation: Academisch Ziekenhis Rotterdam-Dijkzigt/Erasmus Uiversiteit, afd.Klinische Genetica, Rotterdam.
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: van den Ouweland
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mohkamsing
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Sandkuijl
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Oostra
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Niermeijer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D005600:Fragile X Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D006580:Genetic Carrier Screening; D005820:Genetic Testing / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D019989:Persons with Intellectual Disabilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010808:Physical Examination; D015995:Prevalence; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012727:Sex Characteristics