title: Acyclophostin: a ribose-modified analog of adenophostin A with high affinity for inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors and pH-dependent efficacy.
abstract: Adenophostin A is the most potent known agonist of D-myo-inositol 1, 4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3] receptors. Equilibrium competition binding studies with 3H-Ins(1,4,5)P3 showed that the interaction of a totally synthetic adenophostin A with both hepatic and cerebellar Ins(1,4,5)P3 receptors was indistinguishable from that of the natural product. At pH 8.3, a synthetic analog of adenophostin A (which we named acyclophostin), in which most elements of the ribose ring have been removed, bound with substantially higher affinity (Kd = 2.76 +/- 0.26 nM) than Ins(1,4,5)P3 (Kd = 7.96 +/- 1.02 nM) to the 3H-Ins(1,4,5)P3-binding sites of hepatic membranes. At pH 7, acyclophostin (EC50 = 209 +/- 12 nM) and Ins(1,4,5)P3 (EC50 = 153 +/- 11 nM) stimulated 45Ca++ release to the same maximal extent and from the same intracellular stores of permeabilized hepatocytes. Comparison of the affinities of a range of Ins(1,4,5)P3 and adenophostin analogs with their abilities to stimulate Ca++ release revealed that although all other agonists had similar EC50/Kd ratios, that for acyclophostin was significantly higher. Similar results were obtained with cerebellar membranes, which express almost entirely type 1 InsP3 receptors. When the radioligand binding and functional assays of hepatocytes were performed under identical conditions, the higher EC50/Kd ratio for acyclophostin was retained at pH 8.3, but it was similar to that for Ins(1,4,5)P3 when the assays were performed at pH 7. To directly assess whether acyclophostin was a partial agonist of hepatic Ins(1,4,5)P3 receptors, the kinetics of 45Ca++ efflux from permeabilized hepatocytes was measured with a temporal resolution of 80 ms using rapid superfusion. At pH 7, the kinetics of 45Ca++ release, including the maximal rate of release, evoked by maximal concentrations of acyclophostin or Ins(1,4,5)P3 were indistinguishable. At pH 8.3, however, the maximal rate of 45Ca++ release evoked by a supramaximal concentration of acyclophostin was only 69 +/- 7% of that evoked by Ins(1,4,5)P3. We conclude that acyclophostin is the highest affinity ribose-modified analog of adenophostin so far synthesized, that at high pH it is a partial agonist of inositol trisphosphate receptors, and that it may provide a structure from which to develop high-affinity antagonists of inositol trisphosphate receptors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QJ, England.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Beecroft
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Marchant
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Riley
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Van Straten
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Van der Marel
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Van Boom
authors.forename: B V
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Potter
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D053496:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000819:agonists* / Q000737:chemistry*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D053496:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; C116894:acyclophostin; C085029:adenophostin A; D000241:Adenosine; D002118:Calcium