title: Diagnostic and prognostic relevance of malignancy-associated changes in cervical smears.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  For approximately 15 years, malignancy-associated changes (MACs) have been consistently found by means of high-resolution cytometry in different tissues, especially in visually normal appearing cervical cells. Their biologic nature is not yet fully understood. The aim of this investigation was to assess the expression of MACs in cervical smears and to evaluate their prognostic relevance.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was performed on normal intermediate cells obtained from 53 cytologically positive and 78 cytologically negative cervical smears. From a second sample, 31 cases showing negative cytology were selected for a prospective longitudinal study. Densitometric and texture features were generated, and MACs were described on the basis of multivariate discriminant analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Discrimination between positive and negative cases was possible, with a correct classification rate of approximately 80%. After a mean period of 29.5 months, we noted no statistically significant increase in the incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in the group of healthy but MAC-positive women as compared to those who were MAC negative.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MACs were constantly expressed in the epithelium of the cervix. Although their prognostic relevance remains unclear, MACs play an important role in the effort to automate cervical cytology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: H U
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Kasper
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Haroske
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Geissler
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Kunze
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014626:Vaginal Smears; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology