title: A prospective study of ocular manifestations in childhood acute leukaemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of ocular manifestations in childhood acute leukaemia at the time of presentation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-two children with acute leukaemia were examined for ocular lesions within two days of diagnosis before starting chemotherapy. The detailed ocular examination of both eyes was carried out by the ophthalmologist irrespective of the presence or absence of eye symptoms in all cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only 3 out of 82 children presented with eye symptoms (3.6%). However, ocular changes were found in 14 children (17%); ten with lymphoblastic and four with myeloid leukaemia. The ocular lesions observed were proptosis, intraretinal haemorrhages, white centered haemorrhages, cotton wool spots, macular haemorrhage, subhyaloid haemorrhage, vitreous haemorrhage, papilloedema, cortical blindness, sixth nerve palsy, and exudative retinal detachment with choroidal infiltration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In view of the high prevalence of asymptomatic ocular lesions in childhood acute leukaemia, routine ophthalmic examination should be included as a part of evaluation at the time of diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. reddy@kb.usm.my
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Menon
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015862:Choroid Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D005094:Exophthalmos / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007951:Leukemia, Myeloid / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D017254:Leukemic Infiltration; D008297:Male; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012163:Retinal Detachment / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D012166:Retinal Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D014823:Vitreous Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*