title: [Indications for surgery to determine the etiology of subcortical hemorrhage].
abstract: We studied the etiology of subcortical hemorrhage in 55 patients (30 males, 25 females), aged 19-83 years (mean 60 years). CT scan was made in all patients on admission, with the use of intravenous infusion of contrast agent in 35 patients. Cerebral angiography was performed in 37 patients and MRI was performed in 22 patients. Forty-one patients underwent surgery and the other fourteen patients were treated conservatively. The cause of bleeding had been discovered before surgery in 12 cases; 10 arteriovenous malformations and 2 brain tumors. They were discovered by meticulous neuroradiological investigations including cerebral angiography, MRI, dynamic MRI, MRA and enhancing CT. The cause of bleeding was newly discovered after surgery in 7 cases; all of amyloid angiopathy. It remained unknown in the other 22 surgical cases although hypertensive angiopathy was suspected in eleven of them. Among the 14 patients who received conservative therapy, hemorrhagic diathesis including the use of Warfarin and DIC was the cause of bleeding in four cases and the etiology remained unknown in other ten, although hypertensive angiopathy was suspected in eight of them. The 32 patients in whom the etiology remained unknown had been observed as long as 12-120 months (mean, 40 months) and although bleeding has occurred at different locations in two of these patients, there has been no recurrence of bleeding at the same location in any of them. In conclusion, surgery is not indicated to determine the etiology of subcortical hemorrhage when meticulous neuroradiological investigations fail to disclose any vascular or tumorous lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshinaga
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ueno
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000150:complications / Q000556:secondary; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000556:secondary; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000150:complications; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000150:complications; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed