title: Genetic instability in radiation-induced leukaemias: mouse models.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Genetic instability plays a major role in multi-stage carcinogenesis. Ionizing radiation induces delayed genetic instability which can be transmitted to the clonal offspring of the irradiated cell, so it is of considerable importance to determine whether radiation-induced genetic instability contributes to radiation-leukaemogenesis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The experimental data obtained using radiation-induced leukaemias in mouse models were reviewed, and an attempt was made to distinguish between the instability detectable in de novo cancers and that which is associated with ionising radiation. Genetic lesions identified in mouse leukaemias include non-clonal chromosomal aberrations, loss of heterozygosity, and minisatellite/microsatellite mutations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Studies of mouse radiation-induced leukaemias have detected evidence of genetic instability. However, with few exceptions, most of this instability was also observed during de novo multi-stage carcinogenesis. This raises the possibility that radiation induces ongoing genetic instability that is functionally indistinguishable to that implicated in de novo tumour progression.
authors.affiliation: MRC Radiation and Genome Stability Unit, Harwell, Didcot, Oxford. m.plumb@har.mrc.ac.uk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Plumb
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cleary
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wright
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000235:genetics; D002875:Chromosomes / Q000528:radiation effects; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000528:radiation effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005796:Genes / Q000528:radiation effects*; D007953:Leukemia, Radiation-Induced / Q000235:genetics*; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects; D051379:Mice; D011839:Radiation, Ionizing; D020080:Tandem Repeat Sequences / Q000235:genetics