title: Effect of inhaled nitric oxide on gas exchange in patients with congestive heart failure. A randomized, controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Conventional vasodilators increase ventilation-perfusion mismatch and do not improve gas exchange even though they reduce pulmonary hypertension. However, the effects of nitric oxide inhalation on ventilatory and gas exchange values in patients with congestive heart failure are not known.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of nitric oxide inhalation on gas exchange in patients with congestive heart failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  16 patients with congestive heart failure (New York Heart Association class II or III).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients inhaled nitric oxide gas at graded concentrations (n = 8) or were given intravenous isosorbide dinitrate, 2.5 mg (n = 8).
  
  
  METHODS
  Hemodynamic and ventilatory variables and blood gases were measured 5 minutes after inhalation of different doses of nitric oxide and 10 minutes after administration of isosorbide dinitrate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nitric oxide inhalation reduced the mean pulmonary arterial pressure in a dose-dependent manner without altering the mean arterial pressure or cardiac output. At a dose of 40 parts per million, nitric oxide inhalation increased PaO2 (change from baseline, 12.0 mm Hg [95% CI, 2.3 to 21.7 mm Hg]; P = 0.014) and decreased the alveolar-arterial difference in partial pressure of oxygen (change, -8.6 mm Hg [CI, -16.8 to -0.4 mm Hg]; P = 0.038) and the ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide output (change, -6.7 [CI, -10.3 to -3.1]; P < 0.001). Although isosorbide dinitrate similarly decreased pulmonary arterial pressure, it did not alter gas exchange or ventilatory variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because nitric oxide inhalation improved gas exchange, it may be used as a supportive therapy when other conventional vasodilators worsen gas exchange.
authors.affiliation: University of Tokyo, Japan. amatsu-tky@umin.u-tokyo.ac.jp
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Momomura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sugiura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aoyagi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sata
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Omata
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirata
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007548:Isosorbide Dinitrate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange / Q000187:drug effects*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007548:Isosorbide Dinitrate; D010100:Oxygen