title: BrainLab VectorVision Neuronavigation System: technology and clinical experiences in 131 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The BrainLab VectorVision neuronavigation system was used in 131 cases of different brain pathological conditions. The neuronavigation system was used without problems in 125 cases. These cases included 114 microsurgical operations, 4 endoscopic procedures, 4 frameless stereotactic biopsies, and 3 catheter placements.
  
  
  METHODS
  The BrainLab VectorVision neuronavigation system is an intraoperative, image-guided, frameless, localization system. The system consists of a computer workstation for registration of images and physical spaces, an intraoperative localization device, and a computer image display. The system provides real-time responses regarding the locations of surgical instruments. VectorVision is based on passive reflections of infrared flashes. Universal adapters with reflective markers for surgical instruments, endoscopes, and the operating microscope are used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In six cases, the system could not be used because of system failure or mishandling. In 125 neurosurgical cases, the neuronavigation system was useful, with a target-localizing accuracy of 4+/-1.4 mm (mean+/-standard deviation). For small cerebral lesions, we never performed an exploration with negative results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The BrainLab neuronavigation system has been shown to be very helpful and user-friendly for routine neurosurgical interventions. Its advantage lies in its mobility, based on wireless reflective adapters for surgical instruments, endoscopes, and the operating microscope.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Hospital München-Bogenhausen, Technical University of Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Gumprecht
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Widenka
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Lumenta
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D003199:Computer Systems; D019723:Endoscopes; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012371:Robotics; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013523:Surgical Equipment; D013525:Surgical Instruments; D014741:Video Recording / Q000295:instrumentation