title: Highly elevated levels of prostaglandin D synthase in the serum of patients with renal failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether prostaglandin D (PGD) synthase levels differ in the serum of patients with or without renal dysfunction. PGD synthase or beta-trace protein is a major constituent (approximately 3% of total protein) of human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We previously reported that PGD synthase levels in serum are approximately 40- to 60-fold lower than those in CSF.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured the PGD synthase concentration in various sera with a highly sensitive and specific immunofluorometric assay along with the serum creatinine level. Analysis for PGD synthase and creatinine was performed in 30 sera from non-renal failure subjects, in 7 sera from patients treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, and in 34 sera that were before and after hemodialysis samples from 17 patients with renal failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Elevated creatinine concentration was observed in patients with renal insufficiency, as expected (Mann-Whitney P < 0.0001; chi-square P < 0.0001 ). We found that serum PGD synthase concentration from patients with renal failure is significantly elevated compared with the serum PGD synthase concentration from non-renal failure subjects (Mann-Whitney P < 0.0001; chi-square P < 0.0001). Approximately a 35-fold increase of serum PGD synthase is observed for patients with renal failure compared with non-renal failure subjects. Serum PGD synthase concentration is not affected by hemodialysis in acute renal failure patients (Mann-Whitney P = 0.918), unlike serum creatinine levels, which were decreased significantly after hemodialysis (Mann-Whitney P = 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that renal impairment is highly associated with elevated serum PGD synthase levels. Measurement of PGD synthase in serum is a new biochemical marker of renal insufficiency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Melegos
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Grass
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pierratos
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Diamandis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / Q000097:blood*; D054834:Lipocalins; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D054834:Lipocalins; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; C022466:prostaglandin R2 D-isomerase