title: Long-term follow-up of duodenal ulcer in children before and after eradication of Helicobacter pylori.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Helicobacter pylori is a well-known cause of chronic antral gastritis and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease in adults. However, because of the relatively low incidence of duodenal ulcer in childhood, few studies have been directed specifically at the relation between the treatment of H. pylori infection and duodenal ulcer in children. An evaluation in a larger patient population is necessary to draw a conclusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six children with duodenal ulcer and H. pylori antral gastritis received triple therapy (amoxicillin, bismuth, and metronidazole) to investigate whether eradication of the organisms can promote healing and prevent relapse of the ulcers in children. Endoscopic examinations were performed before, 2 months, and 12 months after the beginning of treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  H. pylori infection was eradicated in 25 (96%) of the 26 patients who underwent upper endoscopic follow-up. Clinical improvement and ulcer healing were achieved in 24 (92%) of 26 children. During a mean follow-up of nearly 2 years, the annual ulcer relapse rate was estimated to be 9%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Triple therapy is the treatment of choice for endoscopically proven duodenal ulcer and histologically proven H. pylori antral gastritis in children. It strongly supports a causal relation between H. pylori and duodenal ulcer disease in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei.
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: H Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: P I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Shun
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001706:Biopsy; D001729:Bismuth / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D018450:Disease Progression; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004381:Duodenal Ulcer / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents; D008795:Metronidazole; D000658:Amoxicillin; D001729:Bismuth