title: Upregulation of ATM in sclerosing adenosis of the breast.
abstract: The gene mutated in ataxia telangiectasia (ATM) has an established tumour suppressor role in breast cancer. ATM appears to be expressed in most normal cells, including breast epithelium, where it has been postulated to have a nuclear role in cell cycle regulation following DNA damage. However, ATM is not upregulated after DNA damage. In this study, we demonstrate an absence of immunohistologically detectable levels of ATM in the normally quiescent myoepithelial cells that line normal breast ducts. This contrasts dramatically with the significant expression of ATM in the proliferative myoepithelium of sclerosing adenosis (n = 7). This upregulation of ATM suggests that ATM expression is coupled to the proliferative status of the myoepithelium. Our results also indicate that there are factors other than ATM gene mutations that can dramatically influence ATM expression in the breast and that these factors should be considered for their possible implications in carcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Services, St George Hospital, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kairouz
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Watters
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Lavin
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kearsley
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D001940:Breast / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005260:Female; D005348:Fibrocystic Breast Disease / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D012598:Sclerosis; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; C576324:ATM protein, human; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases