title: Mechanistic study on liver tumor promoting effects of piperonyl butoxide in rats.
abstract: Piperonyl butoxide, alpha-[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethoxy]-4,5-methylenedioxy-2-propyltol uene, is a widely used pesticide-synergist. Recently, results were reported indicating that piperonyl butoxide is a hepatocarcinogen in rat. Since the underlying mechanism was not elucidated, we examined the effects on rat liver cells in detail. For this purpose male F344 rats were administered piperonyl butoxide mixed in the diet at concentrations of 0 (negative control), 0.05, 0.2 or 2% for 2 days, 1, 2, and 4 weeks. As a positive control, phenobarbital was administered to rats for up to 4 weeks as a 0.1% solution in the drinking water. Increased liver weight, centrilobular hepatocellular hypertrophy due to increased smooth endoplasmic reticulum, decreased numbers and areas of connexin 32-positive spots per hepatocyte, and increased cell proliferation were observed in rats treated with 0.2 and 2% piperonyl butoxide. Similar results were obtained for 0.1% phenobarbital treated rats. Hepatocellular necrosis suggestive of hepatotoxicity was also observed in the 2% piperonyl butoxide group. These results indicate that the promoting mechanism of piperonyl butoxide in hepatocarcinogenesis is similar to that of phenobarbital, involving an ability to induce CYP isoenzymes and inhibit gap junctional intercellular communication. In addition, increased cell proliferation following hepatocellular necrosis may also play a role at high doses.
authors.affiliation: Medicinal Safety Laboratories, Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okamiya
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mitsumori
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Onodera
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imazawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yasuhara
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D017630:Connexins / Q000378:metabolism*; D019362:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects; D007120:Immunochemistry; D007365:Intercellular Junctions / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008114:Liver Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009336:Necrosis; D009929:Organ Size; D010634:Phenobarbital / Q000633:toxicity; D010882:Piperonyl Butoxide / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D000097002:Gap Junction beta-1 Protein
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D017630:Connexins; D019362:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B1; D010634:Phenobarbital; D010882:Piperonyl Butoxide; D000097002:Gap Junction beta-1 Protein