title: Insulin and insulin-like growth factor I up-regulate GLUT4 gene expression in fetal brown adipocytes, in a phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent manner.
abstract: Fetal brown adipocytes cultured in a serum-free medium, containing 5 mM glucose, expressed both GLUT4 and GLUT1 glucose transporters at the mRNA and protein level. Treatment with either insulin or insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I at physiological concentrations up-regulates the expression of the GLUT4 gene, producing a time-dependent mRNA accumulation (7-fold increase at 24 h) and a 2.5-fold increase in the amount of protein in the total membrane fraction. However, insulin treatment down-regulates GLUT1 mRNA and protein expression. Moreover, either insulin or IGF-I transactivates a full-promoter GLUT4-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene (CAT) construct transiently transfected to the cells, without affecting GLUT1-CAT activity. In consequence, insulin treatment for 24 h increased by 3-fold the basal glucose uptake. Inhibition of phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase activity with chemical agents such as wortmannin or LY294002 partially blocked insulin-induced GLUT4 mRNA accumulation, insulin-induced GLUT4 protein content, GLUT4-CAT transactivation and glucose uptake. Furthermore, co-transfection of brown adipocytes with a dominant-negative form of PI 3-kinase precluded the transactivation of the GLUT4 promoter by insulin. However, inhibition of p70S6 kinase (p70(s6k)) with rapamycin or of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) with PD098059 does not preclude insulin effects on GLUT4 gene expression or glucose uptake. Our results show for the first time a positive effect of insulin on GLUT4 gene expression in fetal brown adipocytes, suggesting the existence of insulin response element(s) in its promoter. Moreover, PI 3-kinase, but not p70(s6k) or MAPK, is an essential requirement for insulin regulation of GLUT4 gene expression.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040-Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Valverde
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Teruel
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Conejo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Benito
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lorenzo
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase / Q000235:genetics; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000502:physiology*; D048369:MAP Kinase Kinase 1; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D005947:Glucose; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D007328:Insulin; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D048369:MAP Kinase Kinase 1; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases; C495679:Slc2a1 protein, rat; C495694:Slc2a4 protein, rat; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one