title: Pharmacokinetic evaluation of ipamorelin and other peptidyl growth hormone secretagogues with emphasis on nasal absorption.
abstract: 1. The pharmacokinetics of three new peptidyl growth hormone secretagogues, ipamorelin (NNC 26-0161), NNC 26-0194 and NNC 26-0235, were compared with two well-known hexapeptides, GHRP-2 and GHRP-6, in the male rat following different routes of administration. 2. Following i.v. bolus injection, plasma concentrations of the peptides declined biexponentially. Ipamorelin differed markedly from the other peptides investigated, demonstrating a systemic plasma clearance 5-fold lower than that of GHRP-6. Ipamorelin was mainly excreted in the urine, whereas GHRP-6 was predominantly excreted in the bile. NNC 26-0194 and NNC 26-0235 also showed high biliary excretions. Ipamorelin and the two NNC peptides were moderately resistant towards metabolism as 60-80% of the administered dose could be recovered from bile and urine as intact peptide. 3. After intranasal application, the bioavailability of ipamorelin was estimated at approximately 20%. Higher bioavailabilities of approximately 50% were determined for NNC 26-0235, NNC 26-0194 and GHRP-2, whereas the nasal absorption of GHRP-6 was somewhat lower. Thus, the peptides could be easily transported across the nasal epithelium suggesting that the nasal route seems promising for systemic delivery of this family of peptidyl growth hormone secretagogues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Growth Hormone Pharmacology, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Allé, Bagsvaerd, Denmark.
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Johansen
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Johansen
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001646:Bile / Q000737:chemistry; D001682:Biological Availability; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D013007:Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006207:Half-Life; D006728:Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014556:Urine / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D006728:Hormones; C114612:NNC 26-0235; D009842:Oligopeptides; C041048:growth hormone releasing hexapeptide; D013007:Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone; C091874:growth hormone-releasing peptide-2; C114611:ipamorelin