title: Cumulative dose response study comparing HFA-134a albuterol sulfate and conventional CFC albuterol in patients with asthma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As a result of the pending ban on chlorofluorocarbon production, the non-chlorofluorocarbon propellant 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFA-134a) is being evaluated as a replacement for CFCs in metered-dose inhalers.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This cumulative dose response study compared the safety and bronchodilator efficacy of 16 cumulative inhalations of albuterol sulfate in an HFA-134a, CFC-free propellant system (108 microg of albuterol sulfate, equivalent to 90 microg of albuterol base) with that of equivalent doses of albuterol in a conventional CFC propellant system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two patients with at least a 12-month history of stable asthma, who were currently taken an inhaled beta-adrenergic bronchodilator, and who had a FEV1 between 40% and 80% of predicted, were enrolled in this randomized, modified-blind, two-period crossover study. One, 1, 2, 4, and 8 inhalations of study drug were self-administered at 30-minute intervals, resulting in 16 cumulative inhalations. Pulmonary function and safety measures were assessed after each dosing interval.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant dose response was found for HFA-134a albuterol sulfate and CFC albuterol with regard to changes in FEV1, serum potassium, heart rate, and blood pressure after 16 cumulative inhalations. No significant differences were demonstrated between HFA-134a albuterol sulfate and CFC albuterol for any FEV1 or safety parameter at any cumulative dose level. No clinically meaningful laboratory or physical examination abnormalities were found with administration of either HFA-134a albuterol sulfate or CFC albuterol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HFA-134a albuterol sulfate provides bronchodilation comparable to CFC albuterol and has a similar safety profile.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, Medical Center, USA.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Ramsdell
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Colice
authors.forename: B P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Ekholm
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Klinger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000335:Aerosol Propellants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000368:Aged; D000420:Albuterol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017402:Chlorofluorocarbons / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012449:Safety; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013147:Spirometry; D004980:Ethane / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D005466:Fluorocarbons
chemical_list: D000335:Aerosol Propellants; D000420:Albuterol; D017402:Chlorofluorocarbons; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated; C063006:norflurane; D004980:Ethane; D005466:Fluorocarbons