title: Glucagonomas/diabetico-dermatogenic syndrome (DDS): a statistical evaluation of 407 reported cases.
abstract: Of the rare pancreatic endocrinomas, glu-cagonomas, either with or without diabetico-dermatogenic syndrome (DDS), are probably third in frequency after insulinomas and gastrinomas. This study was carried out to evaluate the present status of glucagonoma/DDS in a statistically reliable number of cases and to provide precise information to investigators actively working in this particular field of research. A total of 407 cases of glucagonoma were collected from the international literature and evaluated according to characteristic clinicopathologic features. Findings were: (1) The incidence of DDS was 57.2% (233/407). (2) The tail of the pancreas was predominantly involved, in 53.7% (213/397). (3) One-third of the tumors (80 of 276 for whom size was recorded; 29.0%) measured 20 mm or less. (4) Metastases occurred in 51.4% (209/407) and malignant tumors in 60.7% (247/407). (5) Multiplicity occurred in 11.8% (48/407), and associated multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 in 13. 0% (53/407). (6) In the patients with DDS, the rates of hyperglucagonemia, necrolytic migratory erythema, diabetes mellitus, loss of weight, hypo-aminoacidemia, or anemia, as representative constituents of DDS, were all higher than rates in the overall series (P < 0.01). (7) The 10-year survival rate in the 233 patients with DDS was 51.6% in those with metastases and 64.3% in those without metastases (P < 0.001).
authors.affiliation: College of Biomedical Technology, Niigata University, 2-746 Asahimachi-dohri, Niigata City 951-8518, Japan.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Soga
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yakuwa
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005935:Glucagonoma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000556:secondary; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018761:Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 / Q000453:epidemiology; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D015996:Survival Rate; D013577:Syndrome