title: Key peptide processing enzymes are expressed by a variant form of small-cell carcinoma of the lung.
abstract: Small-cell carcinoma of the lung (SCCL) is a neuroendocrine tumor characterized by having the capacity to produce and secrete a number of small neuropeptides. These peptides serve the tumor as autocrine growth factors. SCCL is known to undergo a process of dedifferentiation to a variant (drug-resistant) form, and this process is associated with loss of marker enzymes such as neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and dopa decarboxylase (DDC). The current study was designed to discover if variant SCCL, represented by cell line NCI H82, retains some capacity to generate active neuropeptides (like vasopressin) from their precursors by continuing to express the three key classes of enzymes necessary for such conversions, namely prohormone convertases (PCs), carboxypeptidases (CPs), and peptidylglycine a-amidating monooxygenase (PAM). RT-PCR for mRNAs representing PC1, PC2, CPE, and PAM was performed on total RNA extracted from NCI H82. The primers selected for PCR and partial sequencing were synthetic 20, 21, 22, and 24 oligomers designed to yield products of 533, 880, 405, and 560 base pairs (bp) for PC1, PC2, CPE, and PAM, respectively. For the conditions used, we were able to demonstrate products for all four enzymes. Each of the four products generated were of the expected size. Cloning and sequencing of these products revealed that each had a structure identical to that published for the human form of the respective enzyme. Western analysis with antibodies against PC1, PC2, CPE, and PAM, provided evidence that mRNAs for the four enzymes are translated into proteins that could represent functional forms. Our findings therefore demonstrate that key enzymes involved in the generation of active neuropeptides, unlike the marker enzymes NSE and DDC, continue to be expressed by variant SCCL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, USA. William.G.North@dartmouth.edu
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: North
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Du
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D043423:Carboxypeptidase H; D002268:Carboxypeptidases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000201:enzymology*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D045683:Furin; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology*; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D012313:RNA / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013381:Subtilisins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D010455:Peptides; D012313:RNA; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; C035189:peptidylglycine monooxygenase; D002268:Carboxypeptidases; D043423:Carboxypeptidase H; D013381:Subtilisins; D045683:Furin