title: Histopathologic findings from 2-year protocol biopsies from a U.S. multicenter kidney transplant trial comparing tarolimus versus cyclosporine: a report of the FK506 Kidney Transplant Study Group.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This paper reports the histopathologic results of 2-year protocol biopsies from patients who were enrolled in the U.S. FK506 kidney transplant study .
  
  
  METHODS
  Recipients of cadaveric kidney transplants were randomized to tacrolimus or cyclosporine therapy. Patients active in the trial at 2 years after transplantation were approached for a protocol biopsy. Biopsies were scored by the Banff classification in a blinded fashion by one pathologist.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 144 patients (41.3% of those active at 2 years) had a 2-year protocol biopsy performed; 79 patients were treated with tacrolimus and 65 patients were treated with cyclosporine. Evidence of acute rejection was found in seven (8.9%) of the 2-year biopsies in tacrolimus-treated patients and six (9.2%) cyclosporine-treated patients. Chronic allograft nephropathy was found in 49 (62.0%) tacrolimus biopsies and 47 (72.3%) cyclosporine biopsies (P=0.155). There were no apparent histopathologic differences between the tacrolimus and cyclosporine biopsies. The occurrence of chronic allograft nephropathy was significantly higher in patients who received a graft from an older donor (P<0.01), who experienced presumed cyclosporine or tacrolimus nephrotoxicity (P<0.001), who developed a cytomegalovirus infection (P=0.038), or who experienced acute rejection in the first year after transplantation (P=0.045). A multivariate analysis showed that nephrotoxicity and acute rejection were the most significant predictors for chronic allograft nephropathy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The occurrence of histologic acute rejection was rare at 2 years, confirming the absence of subclinical acute rejection in these late biopsies. A majority of the biopsies showed features consistent with chronic allograft nephropathy that was associated with acute rejection (particularly in cyclosporine-treated patients), nephrotoxicity, and cytomegalovirus infection in the first year. This suggests that nonimmunologic factors, such as drug-induced toxicity, may play an important role in chronic allograft nephropathy.
authors.affiliation: University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Solez
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vincenti
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Filo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D016559:Tacrolimus