title: Ophthalmologic effects of bowel disease.
abstract: Ocular findings in diseases affecting primarily the digestive tract are relatively rare; however, it is important for the physician to recognize these relationships, appropriately uncover symptoms related to the eye disease, and have the patient evaluated by an ophthalmologist if indicated. In addition, ocular inflammation may be the first indication of bowel disease (e.g., uveitis in Crohn's disease). This article describes the associations between ocular diseases and gastrointestinal diseases and their causes, signs, symptoms, prognosis, and treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Allegheny University of the Health Sciences-Hahnemann University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Nakla
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Heffler
mesh_terms: D004066:Digestive System Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000150:complications*