title: Paracrine upregulation of VEGF receptor mRNA in endothelial cells by hypoxia-exposed hep G2 cells.
abstract: Although vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a role in the growth of hypervascular tumors, mechanisms for paracrine regulation of its receptor expression on vascular endothelial cells remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate whether VEGF released from hypoxia-exposed Hep G2 cells alters expression of the two distinct receptors, kinase insert domain-containing receptor (KDR) and fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (flt-1), in human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVEC). Hep G2 cells were cultured in 20% or 1% O2 for 16 h to examine induction of VEGF mRNA and its protein expression. Conditioned medium from Hep G2 cells (CM) was applied to HUVEC under normoxic conditions, and expression of mRNA for the VEGF receptors was determined by RT-PCR. In response to the hypoxic challenge, Hep G2 cells upregulated VEGF mRNA and the release of VEGF. Hypoxia-CM preferentially stimulated the mRNA expression of flt-1 but not that of KDR in HUVEC. When the VEGF release from hypoxia-exposed Hep G2 cells was blocked by its antisense oligodeoxynucleotide, the endothelial flt-1 mRNA upregulation elicited by the hypoxia-CM was still maintained. These results suggest that hypoxia-exposed Hep G2 cells not only produce VEGF but also evolve paracrine induction of flt-1 through VEGF-independent mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Seto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shinoda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishimura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suematsu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishii
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000494:pharmacology; D019899:Paracrine Communication / Q000502:physiology*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics*; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics*; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1
chemical_list: D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1