title: Can short-latency vestibulospinal reflexes in lower leg muscles be elicited by tapping the head?
abstract: A gentle tap on the forehead evoked short-latency motor responses in the sternocleidomastoid muscle, which may be vestibulocollic reflexes with characteristics similar to those elicited by clicks. We tested this paradigm in subjects standing upright, in order to determine the differential effects of taps on the forehead on the patterns and latencies of spinal stretch and vestibulospinal reflexes, which are important for postural control. Taps on the forehead elicited short-latency inhibitory electromyographic responses in both gastrocnemius muscles with a mean latency of 48.3 +/- 3.1 ms (onset) to 98.3 +/- 6.3 ms (end). Taps on the sternum elicited similar responses from the gastrocnemius muscles, indicating that vestibular stimulation is not essential for eliciting these responses. Both responses may play a role in predetermining the strategy for correcting body perturbations. The actual reflex is probably elicited by somatosensory input from the neck, which converges with vestibular input for the multisensory control of posture.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iida
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bötzel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dieterich
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krafczyk
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brandt
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hitouji
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Igarashi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakai
mesh_terms: D000054:Acceleration; D000328:Adult; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D005546:Forehead / Q000502:physiology*; D019416:Head Movements / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology*; D009334:Neck Muscles / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D010474:Percussion; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012018:Reflex / Q000502:physiology*; D012026:Reflex, Stretch / Q000502:physiology; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000502:physiology*; D013249:Sternum / Q000502:physiology; D014722:Vestibule, Labyrinth / Q000502:physiology*