title: Low CSF concentration of a dopamine metabolite in tobacco smokers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To screen for dopaminergic abnormalities in tobacco smokers and patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the authors determined serial CSF and plasma concentrations of the dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid (HVA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Continuous subarachnoid sampling was used to obtain 37 serial CSF samples over 6 hours in 13 normal volunteers and 11 patients with combat-related PTSD; 10 smoked and 14 had never smoked. The smokers were abstinent from tobacco for 1 1 to 17 hours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The smokers had markedly lower CSF, but not plasma, HVA levels. Their CSF HVA concentrations averaged only 54% of the concentrations of the nonsmokers, independent of diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smokers' low CSF concentrations of HVA may be associated either with chronic inhalation of nicotine or other constituents of tobacco smoke or with acute abstinence. Any possible basal dopaminergic abnormalities in patients with PTSD are small relative to the abnormalities associated with smoking.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, OH, USA.
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Geracioti
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: N N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Ekhator
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Wortman
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Keck
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Norman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D006719:Homovanillic Acid / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D006801:Humans; D012907:Smoking / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid
chemical_list: D004298:Dopamine; D006719:Homovanillic Acid