title: Adolescent depressive symptoms as predictors of adult depression: moodiness or mood disorder?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors' goal was to examine the relationship between subclinical depressive symptoms in adolescence and major depressive episodes in adulthood.
  
  
  METHODS
  An epidemiologic sample of 776 young people received psychiatric assessments in 1983, 1985, and 1992. Among adolescents not meeting criteria for major depression, the authors estimated the magnitude of the association between subclinical adolescent depressive symptoms and adult major depression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Symptoms of major depression in adolescence strongly predicted an adult episode of major depression: having depressive symptoms more than two-standard-deviations above the mean in number predicted a two-fold to three-fold greater risk for an adult major depressive episode.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Symptoms of depression in adolescence strongly predict an episode of major depression in adulthood, even among adolescents without major depression.
authors.affiliation: Division of Child Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York 10032, USA.
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Pine
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brook
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009518:New York / Q000453:epidemiology; D011336:Probability; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012494:Sampling Studies