title: Regulation of expression of avirulence gene avrRxv and identification of a family of host interaction factors by sequence analysis of avrBsT.
abstract: Resistance in tomato line Hawaii 7998 as well as in several nonhost plants to Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria tomato strain (XcvT) is mediated in part by the avirulence gene avrRxv. Analysis of growth of wild-type and avrRxv deletion strains indicates that avrRxv plays a crucial role in the ability of XcvT 92-14 to induce resistance on Hawaii 7998. We used avrRxv reporter gene fusions and Northern (RNA) blot analysis to test several growth environments for inductive potential. We found that avrRxv is constitutively expressed at high levels and that growth in planta, in tobacco conditioned medium, and in hrp-inductive medium XVM2 did not affect the high levels of expression. In addition, hrp structural and regulatory mutant backgrounds had no effect. We mutated the bipartite plant inducible promoter (PIP)-box sequence and found that avrRxv activity appears to be independent of an intact PIP-box element. We present the sequence of the avrRxv homologue called avrBsT and align the six AvrRxv host interaction factor family members including mammalian pathogen virulence factors YopJ and YopP from Yersinia spp. and AvrA from Salmonella typhimurium, and open reading frame Y4LO with unknown function from the symbiont Rhizobium sp.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, CA 94132, USA.
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Ciesiolka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hwin
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Gearlds
authors.forename: G V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Minsavage
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saenz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bravo
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Handley
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Conover
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Caporgno
authors.forename: N B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Phengrasamy
authors.forename: A O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Toms
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Stall
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Whalen
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D017353:Gene Deletion; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000382:microbiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D010641:Phenotype; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014774:Virulence / Q000235:genetics; D016959:Xanthomonas campestris / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D017931:DNA Primers; C085102:avrRxv protein, Xanthomonas campestris