title: CMAP: a novel cystatin-like gene involved in liver metastasis.
abstract: A novel metastasis-associated gene was identified with a differential display system in murine carcinoma cells showing a high rate of metastasis to the liver. A human homologue was also identified using a PCR-based strategy. The protein coded by this gene was named cystatin-like metastasis-associated protein (CMAP) and showed 22.1-28.1% homology to human family 2 cystatins. CMAP mRNA was selectively overexpressed in all murine liver metastatic tumors but not in any pulmonary metastatic tumors examined. Transfection of CMAP antisense DNA into highly metastatic liver cells greatly decreased their metastatic potential and CMAP expression, indicating that CMAP is involved in liver metastatic ability after intravasation of malignant cells. The human homologue of CMAP was found to be expressed in various human cancer cell lines established from malignant tumors. Our discovery of this novel liver metastasis-related gene indicates a new approach to the diagnosis and/or prevention of liver metastasis of human cancer.
authors.affiliation: Banyu Tsukuba Research Institute in collaboration with Merck Research Laboratories, Ibaraki, Tsukuba-shi, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshiuchi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arakawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishimura
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D015891:Cystatins / Q000235:genetics*; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000556:secondary*; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000235:genetics*; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C116891:CST7 protein, human; D015891:Cystatins; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm