title: Is antenatal bladder neck mobility a risk factor for postpartum stress incontinence?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the contribution of constitutional factors, as demonstrated by antenatal bladder neck mobility, in the development of postpartum urinary stress incontinence.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective investigational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  General district hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and three primigravid women with no pre-existing urinary incontinence or neurological disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Antenatal and postnatal measurement of bladder neck mobility using perineal ultrasound.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urinary stress incontinence at 10-14 weeks postpartum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women with postpartum urinary stress incontinence have significantly greater antenatal bladder neck mobility than those women continent postpartum. There were no significant differences in any labour or delivery variables, including mode of delivery, between the postpartum continent and incontinent women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is evidence for a constitutional risk factor (eg, defective pelvic floor connective tissue in the development of postpartum stress incontinence).
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Genitourinary Medicine at Derriford Hospital, Plymouth.
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Freeman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000209:etiology*; D014636:Valsalva Maneuver