title: Measuring desire for death among patients with HIV/AIDS: the schedule of attitudes toward hastened death.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  As physician-assisted suicide is debated, a need for standardized measurement of desire for death among medically ill individuals has emerged. The authors present preliminary validation data for a new self-report instrument, the Schedule of Attitudes Toward Hastened Death.
  
  
  METHODS
  The participants were 195 patients with HIV/AIDS from two sites: 148 ambulatory patients and 47 patients who had been recently admitted to a facility for end-of-life care. The ambulatory participants completed the 20-item Schedule of Attitudes Toward Hastened Death and several other instruments, including the Beck Depression Inventory and Brief Symptom Inventory. The terminally ill patients also completed the Schedule of Attitudes Toward Hastened Death, along with other measures, and were assessed by clinicians with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Desire for Death Rating Scale, a global clinician rating of the patient's desire for death.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Schedule of Attitudes Toward Hastened Death demonstrated high reliability. The total score significantly correlated with the clinician rating on the Desire for Death Rating Scale and with ratings of depression and psychological distress. In addition, the Schedule of Attitudes Toward Hastened Death score significantly correlated with pain intensity and physical symptom distress. Factor analysis supported a single factor structure for the instrument.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that the Schedule of Attitudes Toward Hastened Death is a reliable, valid measure of desire for death among patients with HIV/AIDS. Further research with this measure may help address many of the unanswered questions emerging from the ongoing debates regarding legalization of assisted suicide.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Long Island University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, USA. BRosenfe@Hornet.LIUnet.edu
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rosenfeld
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Breitbart
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Funesti-Esch
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaim
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krivo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galietta
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000523:psychology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001293:Attitude to Death; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D033101:Euthanasia, Active, Voluntary; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D017567:Karnofsky Performance Status / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010166:Palliative Care; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D017236:Suicide, Assisted / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013727:Terminal Care