title: [Chemical, chemosensory and human-sensory experiments on taste and flavor of carrots].
abstract: The relationship between sensory quality of carrots and their contents and composition of essential oils and total sugars as influenced by nitrogen fertilization was investigated. Carrots (Daucus carota L.) of the variety 'Nanthya' F1 (S&G Sandoz Seeds) were grown in Weihenstephan 1996 with three levels of inorganic nitrogen fertilization (3 levels in 4 replications). Medium- and higher-boiling flavour-components were extracted as essential oils and separated gas-chromatographically (GC-FID). Lower-boiling flavour-components were taken from the headspace and analysed chemosensorially. The human sensory assessments were performed by an untrained panel of 300 people (students and employees of the TU München)--these results were compared with those of the chemical analyses. Carrots with lower nitrogen application were found to taste more intensive, more fruity, sweeter and better and at the same time less bitter and less earthy. They had higher contents of total sugar and a higher percentage of dry matter. Fertilization with nitrogen does not only affect the quantity but also the composition of the essential oils. The taste intensive was positively correlated with the quantity of essential oils, the taste sweet was positively correlated with the content of total sugars. It was possible to differentiate the carrots from each other by chemo-sensorial headspace analyses according to their N-fertilization levels.
authors.affiliation: Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Lehrstuhl für Gemüsebau, Alte Akademie 10, Freising, Deutschland.
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Schaller
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Broda
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Schnitzler
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D003296:Cooking; D018552:Daucus carota / Q000737:chemistry*; D005308:Fertilizers; D006801:Humans; D009812:Odorants / Q000032:analysis*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000032:analysis; D013649:Taste
chemical_list: D005308:Fertilizers; D009822:Oils, Volatile