title: Criteria for assessing cutaneous anergy in women with or at risk for HIV infection. HIV Epidemiologic Research Study Group.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Controversy exists about both the clinical utility of anergy testing and the optimal criteria for defining anergy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We sought to assess various definitions of cutaneous anergy for ability to distinguish HIV status, level of immunodeficiency, and ability to mount a tuberculin reaction among women with or at risk for HIV infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  HIV-seropositive (n = 721) and HIV-seronegative (n = 358) at-risk women at academic medical centers in Baltimore, Detroit, New York, and Providence had cutaneous testing with mumps, Candida, tetanus toxoid, and tuberculin antigens. Associations with HIV status and CD4+ lymphocyte levels were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Candida, mumps, and tetanus antigens alone or in combination elicited reactions significantly less often in HIV-seropositive than in HIV-seronegative women and less often in seropositive women with lower CD4+ counts, regardless of induration cutpoint chosen to define a positive reaction. The best antigen combinations for distinguishing groups included tetanus and mumps. Some women nonreactive to the 3 antigens ("anergic") had positive tuberculin reactions among both seropositive subjects (range, 1.1% to 2.9% depending on induration cutpoint for defining anergy) and seronegative subjects (range, 8.9% to 14%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Absence of reactions to Candida, mumps, and tetanus antigens alone or in combination and at any induration cutpoint is associated with HIV status and with CD4+ level. Combinations, including tetanus and mumps antigens with an induration cutpoint of less than 2 mm, may be the best for defining anergy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467, USA. Disease, Department of Medicine,
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Flanigan
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schuman
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vlahov
mesh_terms: D000946:Antigens, Fungal / Q000276:immunology; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000276:immunology*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology; D002175:Candida / Q000276:immunology; D002452:Cell Count; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000276:immunology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed / Q000276:immunology*; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D009109:Mumps virus / Q000276:immunology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014374:Tuberculin Test
chemical_list: D000946:Antigens, Fungal; D000956:Antigens, Viral