title: The results of radiotherapy for brainstem tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This analysis was performed to examine the outcome of adult and pediatric patients with brainstem tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients with brainstem glioma were evaluated retrospectively. Included were 24 females and 16 males ranging in age from 3 to 81 years (median, 29.5 years). These patients were treated with various combinations of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy (RT). The length of follow-up in survivors ranged from 0.6 to 20 years (median: 3.2 years, mean: 6 years). Survival rates were calculated with the Kaplan Meier method and differences between survival curves were calculated using the log-rank test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall 2 and 5-year survival rates were 44% and 34%, respectively. The median survival time was 19 months. The 5-year survival rate was 54% for patients with tumors outside the pons compared to 21% for those with tumors involving the pons (p = 0.04). The 5-year survival rate was 59% for patients with exophytic tumors as compared to 23% for those with intrinsic tumors (p = 0.05). Patients undergoing subtotal resection had a 5-year survival rate of 53% compared to 28% for those having only a biopsy or no surgical intervention (p = 0.04). None of the other potential prognostic or treatment related factors evaluated [patient age, tumor grade, tumor histology, radiotherapy parameters (including BID fractionation, 3-D treatment planning, or the use of doses > 55 Gy), or the administration of adjuvant chemotherapy] evaluated were associated with patient survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Brainstem gliomas generally occur in younger individuals. The survival rates were better for patients with exophytic tumors, those involving sites other than the pons, and tumors amenable to subtotal resection. Improvements in the outcome of patients with brainstem gliomas will require new therapeutic approaches.
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, Department of Radiation Oncology, AZ 85259, USA. sschild@mayo.edu
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Schild
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Stafford
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Scheithauer
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Schomberg
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Lyons
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Shaw
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000628:therapy; D001933:Brain Stem; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005910:Glioma / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011149:Pons; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis