title: Dual blockade of cyclic AMP response element- (CRE) and AP-1-directed transcription by CRE-transcription factor decoy oligonucleotide. gene-specific inhibition of tumor growth.
abstract: Alteration of gene transcription by inhibition of specific transcriptional regulatory proteins has important therapeutic potential. Synthetic double-stranded phosphorothioate oligonucleotides with high affinity for a target transcription factor can be introduced into cells as decoy cis-elements to bind the factors and alter gene expression. The CRE (cyclic AMP response element)-transcription factor complex is a pleiotropic activator that participates in the induction of a wide variety of cellular and viral genes. Because the CRE cis-element, TGACGTCA, is palindromic, a synthetic single-stranded oligonucleotide composed of the CRE sequence self-hybridizes to form a duplex/hairpin. Herein we report that the CRE-palindromic oligonucleotide can penetrate into cells, compete with CRE enhancers for binding transcription factors, and specifically interfere with CRE- and AP-1-directed transcription in vivo. These oligonucleotides restrained tumor cell proliferation, without affecting the growth of noncancerous cells. This decoy oligonucleotide approach offers great promise as a tool for defining cellular regulatory processes and treating cancer and other diseases.
authors.affiliation: Cellular Biochemistry Section, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Institutes of Health, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1750, USA.
authors.forename: Y G
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nesterova
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Agrawal
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Cho-Chung
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics*; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D004247:DNA