title: Rheumatologic manifestations of gastrointestinal diseases.
abstract: One of the most significant extraintestinal manifestations of gastrointestinal diseases is rheumatologic disorders. The gastrointestinal diseases with rheumatologic manifestations can be divided into two major categories: intestinal disorders and disorders of the liver, biliary tree, and pancreas. The cause of diseases in each of these categories is different. Although intestinal permeability and immune responsiveness are frequently implicated in disorders of the intestine, diseases of the liver, biliary tree, and pancreas usually involve the production of autoantibodies, cytokines, or enzymes. Treatment of rheumatologic complications frequently involves therapy directed at the underlying gastrointestinal disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Lichtenstein
mesh_terms: D001168:Arthritis / Q000209:etiology; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D004066:Digestive System Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D006525:Hepatitis, Viral, Human / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000150:complications; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000209:etiology*