title: Regional differences in the delayed rectifier current (IKr and IKs) contribute to the differences in action potential duration in basal left ventricular myocytes in guinea-pig.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the properties of single myocytes isolated from different layers of the basal region of the left ventricle and to test the hypothesis that differences in the delayed rectifier current (IK) contribute to regional differences in action potential duration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Myocytes were isolated from basal sub-endocardial, mid-myocardial and sub-epicardial layers of the guinea-pig left ventricle. Membrane voltage and current were measured using the switch-clamp technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean action potential duration measured at 90% repolarisation (APD90) was longer in sub-endocardial myocytes than in mid-myocardial and sub-epicardial myocytes [APD90 ms at 0.2 Hz: sub-endocardial 292 +/- 12 (n = 40), mid-myocardial 243 +/- 8 (n = 42) and sub-epicardial 227 +/- 9 (n = 36), P < 0.001, analysis of variance (ANOVA)]. The APD-rate relationship (stimulation frequencies 2, 1, 0.2 and 0.017 Hz) was steeper in sub-endocardial than in mid-myocardial or sub-epicardial myocytes (P < 0.001, ANOVA). The density of IK was greater in mid-myocardial (4.05 +/- 0.09 pA pF-1) and sub-epicardial (3.90 +/- 0.41 pA pF-1) than in sub-endocardial myocytes (2.74 +/- 0.27 pA pF-1, P < 0.01 ANOVA). The rapidly-activating (IKr) and slowly-activating (IKs) components of IK were significantly smaller in sub-endocardial than in mid-myocardial or sub-epicardial myocytes. D,L-Sotalol-induced prolongation of APD90 was similar in the three regions studied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are significant transmural gradients in the electrophysiological properties of myocytes isolated from the base of the left ventricular free wall in guinea-pig. Sub-endocardial myocytes had a longer APD90 attributable in part to a significantly smaller IK density. We have been unable to identify M cells in the guinea-pig left ventricular free wall.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, UK.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Bryant
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Shipsey
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hart
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001693:Biological Transport, Active / Q000187:drug effects; D004699:Endocardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D010496:Pericardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism*; D013015:Sotalol / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D013015:Sotalol; D011188:Potassium