title: The effect of pregnancy on the natural history of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy.
abstract: Retinopathy and nephropathy are complications of diabetes mellitus that can affect women of reproductive age. This article focuses on the effect of pregnancy on the risk of progression of microvascular disease, both during gestation and at long-term follow-up. Fortunately, with intensive medical surveillance and appropriate interventions, most women with types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus can be offered an optimistic prognosis for child bearing.
authors.affiliation: Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island, USA. jstar@wihri.org
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Star
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Carpenter
mesh_terms: D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011254:Pregnancy in Diabetics / Q000150:complications*; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors