title: Carotid endarterectomy without angiography does not compromise operative outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Carotid angiography is associated with a 2% risk of stroke and, since the advent of colour-duplex ultrasound, its role in the assessment of patients with carotid disease has been the subject of debate. The aim of this study was to evaluate a policy of adopting routine duplex supplemented by selective angiography on operative outcome over a 5-year period.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective audit of the results of carotid endarterectomy without routine angiography from January 1992 to December 1996. Angiography was performed only if the ultrasonography was concerned about the distal or proximal extent of disease or to assess subocclusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the study period, 494 carotid endarterectomies were performed but only 35 patients underwent carotid angiography. The indications for angiography were subocclusion/string sign in 22 patients, to assess the limits of proximal or distal disease in 12 and abnormal anatomy in one. During the 5-year study period the overall perioperative death and/or stroke rate was 4.2%. By 1997, the perioperative stroke rate had fallen to 1.3%. In no case in this series was the operation abandoned due to unexpected findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although concerns exist about the precise duplex criteria for diagnosing a severe stenosis, this study has shown that a policy of selective angiography does not compromise patient safety or operability and avoids the unnecessary mortality, morbidity and costs associated with routine angiography.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Leicester, U.K.
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Loftus
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: McCarthy
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pau
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hartshorne
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: London
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Naylor
mesh_terms: D000792:Angiography / Q000009:adverse effects; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex