title: Anatomic and technical considerations in needle electromyography of the lumbar spine.
abstract: Interpretation of the paraspinal needle electromyographic examination requires knowledge of complex and specialized anatomy and pathophysiological processes. The purpose of this article is to elucidate the anatomy and physiology of the lumbar paraspinal needle examination and apply this knowledge to accurate needle technique and rational clinical interpretation of the paraspinal examination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Zuhosky
mesh_terms: D000344:Afferent Pathways / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001369:Axons / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D004576:Electromyography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009339:Needles; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D013126:Spinal Nerve Roots / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013127:Spinal Nerves / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology