Hot spots for molecular genetic alterations in lung cancer.
Lung cancers are a heterogeneous group of tumors broadly classified as small cell or non-small cell lung cancers. In each case, numerous DNA mutations precede tumor formation, resulting in the activation of growth stimulatory genes and the loss of tumor suppressor genes. The known cellular functions of the tumor suppressor genes most commonly affected in lung cancer are reviewed herein, including the retinoblastoma (Rb) gene on chromosome 13q14, the p53 gene on 17p13, and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKN2) gene on 9p21. The chromosomal locations for other potential tumor suppressor genes are on chromosomes 3p, 9p, and 11p. Candidate genes in these regions include the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene at 3p25, the ubiquitin-activating enzyme homologue (UBE1L at 3p21, the genes for the dinucleoside polyphosphate hydrolase FHIT and receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase gamma PTPRG at 3p14.2, the genes for tropomyosin beta (TM1) and a talin homologue (talin) at 9p21, and the H-ras gene at 11p15.
Pitterle
D M
DM
Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
Jolicoeur
E M
EM
Bepler
G
G
D017766:Acid Anhydride Hydrolases; D000818:Animals; D002880:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 / Q000235:genetics; D002893:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3; D002899:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9 / Q000235:genetics; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000502:physiology; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000502:physiology; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor / Q000235:genetics*; D011905:Genes, ras; D006801:Humans; D008025:Ligases / Q000235:genetics; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000235:genetics; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D054633:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 5; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000502:physiology; D016608:Talin / Q000235:genetics; D014335:Tropomyosin / Q000235:genetics; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000502:physiology; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D044764:Ubiquitin-Activating Enzymes; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D051794:Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein; D000099170:Bis(5'-adenosyl)triphosphatase
D017766:Acid Anhydride Hydrolases; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D008025:Ligases; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; D011506:Proteins; D054633:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 5; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein; D016608:Talin; D014335:Tropomyosin; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D044764:Ubiquitin-Activating Enzymes; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D051794:Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein; D000099170:Bis(5'-adenosyl)triphosphatase; C516850:PTPRG protein, human; C497446:VHL protein, human