title: Local inflammation, lethality and cytokine release in mice injected with Bothrops atrox venom.
abstract: We have provided evidence that: (a) lethality of mice to crude Bothrops venom varies according the isogenic strain (A/J > C57Bl/6 > A/Sn > BALB/c > C3H/HePas > DBA/2 > C3H/He); (b)BALB/c mice (LD50=100.0 microg) were injected i.p. with 50 microg of venom produced IL-6, IL-10, INF-gamma, TNF-alpha and NO in the serum. In vitro the cells from the mice injected and challenged with the venom only released IL-10 while peritoneal macrophages released IL-10, INF-gamma and less amounts of IL-6; (c) establishment of local inflammation and necrosis induced by the venom, coincides with the peaks of TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and NO and the damage was neutralized when the venom was incubated with a monoclonal antibody against a 60 kDa haemorrhagic factor. These results suggest that susceptibility to Bothrops atrox venom is genetically dependent but MHC independent; that IL-6, IL-10, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and NO can be involved in the mediation of tissue damage; and that the major venom component inducers of the lesions are haemorrhagins.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Butantan São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Barros
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Friedlanskaia
authors.forename: V L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Petricevich
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Kipnis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D017837:Bothrops; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D003435:Crotalid Venoms / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology / Q000633:toxicity*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000517:prevention & control; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013045:Species Specificity; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D003435:Crotalid Venoms; D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007371:Interferon-gamma