Osteoporosis: intervention options.
Osteoporosis is a systemic progressive disease with important clinical complications because of the fractures that arise and cause major morbidity in especially the aging postmenopausal women. Because of the relative not complex procedure of diagnosis and prediction the most important question to answer: is treatment possible? There are now a variety of treatments available for the management of osteoporosis. The inhibitors of bone resorption, which include calcium, the vitamin Ds, bisphosphonates, calcitonins and gonadal steroids have been variously shown to prevent bone loss or to reduce fractures. On the other hand bone formation stimulating agents as fluorides and in the near future parathyroid hormone and analogues must be considered also. However, randomized clinical trials with fractures as clinical endpoints are only few in number and not present for every suggested treatment. During the last 3 years it has become clear that besides estrogen, bisphosphonates and now perhaps the selective estrogen receptor modulators also show a good alternative as intervention option of postmenopausal osteoporosis. At this moment sodium fluoride is not the first choice in treatment of osteoporosis in general practice.
Netelenbos
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Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
D002116:Calcitonin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002118:Calcium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004967:Estrogens / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005459:Fluorides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy; D006801:Humans; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy*; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000627:therapeutic use
D004164:Diphosphonates; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D004967:Estrogens; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D014807:Vitamin D; D002116:Calcitonin; D005459:Fluorides; D002118:Calcium