title: Biomarkers of free radical damage applications in experimental animals and in humans.
abstract: Free radical damage is an important factor in many pathological and toxicological processes. Despite extensive research efforts in biomarkers in recent years, yielding promising results in experimental animals, there is still a great need for additional research on the applicability of, especially non-invasive, biomarkers of free radical damage in humans. This review gives an overview of the applications in experimental and human situations of four main groups of products resulting from free radical damage, these include: lipid peroxidation products, isoprostanes, DNA-hydroxylation products and protein hydroxylation products.
authors.affiliation: Leiden-Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Department of Pharmacochemistry, Vrije Universiteit, The Netherlands. dezwart@chem.vu.nl
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: de Zwart
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Meerman
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Commandeur
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Vermeulen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004249:DNA Damage; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006900:Hydroxylation; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000378:metabolism; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D005609:Free Radicals; D011453:Prostaglandins; D011506:Proteins; D004247:DNA