title: Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human esophageal carcinoma.
abstract: On the basis of epidemiological observations that nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs reduce the risk of esophageal carcinoma, we studied the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs; n = 172) and in esophageal adenocarcinomas (ADCs; n = 27). Using immunohistochemistry, we observed COX-2 expression in 91% of the SCCs and in 78% of the ADCs. Western blot analysis showed enhanced expression of the COX-2 protein in some tumors as compared with normal esophageal squamous epithelium, whereas similar amounts of the COX-1 protein were found in normal and cancerous tissues. COX expression was also studied in two esophageal cancer cell lines (OSC-1 and OSC-2) to evaluate the functional relevance of COX-2-derived prostaglandins (PGs). OSC-2 cells expressed COX-2 but not COX-1, whereas OSC-1 cells expressed high levels of COX-1 but showed only a very weak COX-2 expression. Accordingly, PGE2 synthesis was 600 times higher in the OSC-2 cells as compared with the OSC-1 cells. Treatment of OSC-2 cells with the selective COX-2 inhibitors flosulide and NS-398 concentration dependently suppressed PGE2 synthesis and proliferation and also induced apoptosis. In contrast, no effect of the COX-2 inhibitors was seen in OSC-1 cells. Our data demonstrate that COX-2 is expressed in the majority of esophageal SCCs and ADCs and that COX-2-derived PGs play an important role in the regulation of proliferation and apoptosis of esophageal tumor cells. It is concluded that inhibition of COX-2 may be useful in the therapy of esophageal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Pharmakologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sarbia
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Borchard
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Gabbert
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schrör
mesh_terms: D002277:Carcinoma / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D002455:Cell Division; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010544:Peroxidases; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496511:PTGS1 protein, human; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases