title: ATP released from astrocytes mediates glial calcium waves.
abstract: Calcium waves represent a widespread form of intercellular communication. Although they have been thought for a long time to require gap junctions, we recently demonstrated that mouse cortical astrocytes use an extracellular messenger for calcium wave propagation. The present experiments identify ATP as a major extracellular messenger in this system. Medium collected from astrocyte cultures during (but not before) calcium wave stimulation contains ATP. The excitatory effects of medium samples and of ATP are blocked by purinergic receptor antagonists and by pretreatment with apyrase; these same purinergic receptor antagonists block propagation of electrically evoked calcium waves. ATP, applied at the concentration measured in medium samples, evokes responses that are qualitatively and quantitatively similar to those evoked by those medium samples. These data implicate ATP as an important transmitter between CNS astrocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA.
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Guthrie
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Knappenberger
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Segal
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Charles
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Kater
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001081:Apyrase / Q000378:metabolism; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003470:Culture Media; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D051379:Mice; D058914:Purinergic Antagonists
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D058914:Purinergic Antagonists; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D001081:Apyrase