title: Liver metastases are enhanced in homozygous deletionally mutant ICAM-1 or LFA-1 mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adhesion molecules play an integral role in tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis and have been shown to influence the immune response to malignant cells. The interaction of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) with lymphocyte function antigen-1 (LFA-1) is important for the adhesion of leukocytes, monocytes and lymphocytes to endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo. In order to explore the role of the ICAM-1/LFA-1 interaction in liver metastases, we utilized homozygous deletionally mutant (gene knockout) mice for ICAM-1 or LFA-1 which had been derived from the C57BL6/J background.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wild-type C57BL6/J mice were used as controls. Animals were anesthetized and underwent a 1-cm midline lower abdominal incision. The ileocolic vein was identified and B16 melanoma cells (10(4)) were injected. The incisions were closed with skin clips. Two weeks following surgery, mice were sacrificed and their livers resected for gross and histological analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LFA-1 deficient mice developed 13 times the number of metastases compared to wild-type controls and ICAM-1 deficient mice developed 7 times that number [13.5 (n = 17) vs 1.0 (n = 19) and 36 (n = 10) vs 5.0 (n = 16), P values of 0.0003 and 0.0002 by Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test, respectively]: Histologically, multiple areas of inflammatory cells consisting of T-cells and macrophages were noted in wild-type mice. Only sparse inflammatory cells were noted surrounding the metastases in the null mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Liver metastases of the B16 melanoma are markedly enhanced in ICAM-1 null and LFA-1 null mice. The ICAM-1/LFA-1 interaction is crucial to the immune response to liver metastases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USA.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Marvin
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Southall
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Trokhan
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: DeRosa
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chabot
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary*; D016169:Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D016246:Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D016169:Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1