title: [The beginnings of anesthesia].
abstract: In the nineteenth century, introduction of the first inhaled general anaesthetic (Long, 1842) induced a further search for new types of anaesthesia: carbon dioxide, petroleum ether, derivatives of ethylene, acetone, methyl dichloride, and the study of a new technique-hypnosis. Only chloroform, ether, nitrous oxide were used. Towards the end of the century, ether became the mainstay of inhaled anaesthetics. The other routes of administering anaesthetics (rectal, venous, spinal, local) appeared around 1860.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bouchet
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia / Q000266:history*; D000776:Anesthesiology / Q000266:history* / Q000295:instrumentation; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000266:history*; D000818:Animals; D005602:France; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D006991:Hypnosis, Anesthetic / Q000266:history; D007558:Italy; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics