title: Diagnostic and therapeutic value of nonhysteroscopic transvaginal falloposcopy with a linear everting catheter.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Before the advent of the falloposcope, the endosalpinx usually evaded endoscopic evaluation. The healthy condition of the tubal epithelium and the patency of the tube are important for development and transportation of early stage embryos.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients had tubal occlusion diagnosed by hysterosalpingography, including 10 cases of hydrosalpinx, five cases of interstitial occlusion and five cases of fimbrial occlusion. Falloposcopy with a linear everting catheter and laparoscopy were performed simultaneously to evaluate tubal lumens and peritubal conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An attempt was made to cannulate 30 fallopian tubes in 20 cases with a falloposcope, using a nonhysteroscopic transvaginal approach through a linear everting catheter. The success rate was 93% (28/30). In 15 cases of hydrosalpinx or fimbrial obstruction, 10 patients (67%) were considered to be suitable for in vitro fertilization because of flattened mucosa in the endosalpinx and endotubal adhesions. Normal mucosa was noted in only four patients (27%), who were advised to have tuboplasty. One patient (6%) had normal mucosa without tubal occlusion. In two of the five cases of interstitial occlusion, dye (methylene blue) could not pass the interstitial portion of the fallopian tube when chromopertubation was performed twice. This tubal obstruction was overcome with the linear everting catheter. One patient had the complication of an ampulla wall perforation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with fallopian tube disease, falloposcopy is a useful technique for evaluating the endosalpinx and providing information for selecting further treatment. In some cases of interstitial occlusion, it may also have a therapeutic effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D004724:Endoscopy; D005184:Fallopian Tube Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D005187:Fallopian Tubes; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans