title: Chelation therapy for patients with elevated body lead burden and progressive renal insufficiency. A randomized, controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nephropathy is known to occur in persons exposed to high levels of lead, but the question of whether long-term exposure to low levels of environmental lead is associated with impaired renal function remains controversial.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether chelation therapy slows the progression of renal insufficiency in patients with mildly elevated body lead burden.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic medical center in Taiwan.
  
  
  METHODS
  32 patients with chronic renal insufficiency (serum creatinine level > 132.6 micromol/L [1.5 mg/dL] and < 353.8 micromol/L [4.0 mg/dL]), mildly elevated body lead burden (> 0.72 micromol [150 microg] of lead per 72-hour urine collection and < 2.90 micromol [600 microg] of lead per 72-hour urine collection [EDTA mobilization tests]), and no history of heavy lead exposure.
  
  
  METHODS
  The treatment group received 2 months of chelation therapy; the control group received no therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The reciprocal of serum creatinine (1/Cr) was used as an index of progressive renal insufficiency.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rates of progression of renal insufficiency were similar in the treatment group and the control group during a 12-month baseline observation period (1/Cr, 0.000054 L/micromol per month compared with 0.000046 L/micromol per month; P > 0.2). After the 2-month treatment period, improvement in renal function was greater in the treatment group than in the control group. In the 12 months after the treatment period, renal insufficiency progressed more slowly in the treatment group than in the control group (1/Cr, 0.000033 +/- 0.00038 L/micromol per month compared with 0.000045 +/- 0.000038 L/micromol per month; P = 0.0030).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chelation therapy seems to slow the progression of renal insufficiency in patients with mildly elevated body lead burden. This implies that long-term exposure to low levels of environmental lead may be associated with impaired renal function in patients with chronic renal disease.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Poison Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001822:Body Burden; D002614:Chelating Agents; D015913:Chelation Therapy; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D018450:Disease Progression; D004492:Edetic Acid; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D007855:Lead Poisoning / Q000150:complications* / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D002614:Chelating Agents; D004492:Edetic Acid; D003404:Creatinine