title: Pre- versus postinjury effects of intravenous GABAergic anesthetics on formalin-induced Fos immunoreactivity in the rat spinal cord.
abstract: We evaluated the suppression of spinal Fos-like immunoreactivity (FLI) by i.v. anesthetics in the rat formalin model. Preformalin injection (1.5% subcutaneously) treatment groups included i.v. saline controls and three i.v. GABAergic anesthetic groups (pentobarbital 20 mg/kg, propofol 10 mg/kg, or alphaxalone 1.5 mg/kg; n = 12 per group). After perfusion 2 h postformalin, spinal cords were dissected, sliced at 30 microm, and processed by immunoperoxidase staining with an antibody against the Fos protein. Quantification and determination of the laminar distribution of Fos-labeled nuclei were performed at the L4-5 spinal level ipsilateral to formalin injection. Drug groups demonstrating FLI suppression were comparatively studied in a 5-min postformalin treatment group. Pentobarbital pretreatment failed to suppress FLI. However, significant reductions (percent decrease) of FLI were observed with propofol (63%) and alphaxalone (30%) compared with saline controls. Pre- versus postformalin comparison studies showed that propofol, but not alphaxalone, suppressed FLI more effectively when given preformalin. Given the observed inconsistencies between this study of Fos expression and our previous behavioral study, it is questionable whether anesthetic modulation of noxious stimulus-induced FLI parallels that of behavioral responses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, we examined whether i.v. general anesthetics (propofol, alphaxalone, and pentobarbital) prevent injury-induced spinal cord changes. We measured spinal Fos protein after rats received anesthetics before versus after a formalin injection. Fos inhibition patterns were inconsistent with behavioral studies of these anesthetics, suggesting that Fos inhibition does not always correlate with behavioral analgesia.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. igilron@yoda.nidr.nih.gov
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gilron
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Quirion
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Coderre
mesh_terms: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia / Q000494:pharmacology; D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005404:Fixatives / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018757:GABA Modulators / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae; D008297:Male; D010424:Pentobarbital / Q000494:pharmacology; D011277:Pregnanediones / Q000494:pharmacology; D015742:Propofol / Q000494:pharmacology; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology