title: Prolonged beneficial effects of a home-based intervention on unplanned readmissions and mortality among patients with congestive heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A single home-based intervention (HBI) applied immediately after hospital discharge in a cohort of "high-risk" patients with congestive heart failure has been shown to decrease numbers of unplanned readmissions plus out-of-hospital deaths during a period of 6 months. The duration of this beneficial effect remains uncertain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospitalized patients with congestive heart failure who had been randomly assigned to receive either usual care (n=48) or HBI 1 week after discharge (n=49) were subject to an extended follow-up of 18 months. The primary end point of the study was frequency of unplanned readmissions plus out-of-hospital deaths. Secondary end points included total hospital stay, frequency of multiple readmissions, cost of hospital-based care, and total mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During 18-month follow-up, HBI patients had fewer unplanned readmissions (64 vs 125; P=.02) and out-of-hospital deaths (2 vs 9; P=.02), representing 1.4+/-1.3 vs 2.7+/-2.8 events per HBI and usual-care patient, respectively (P=.03). The HBI patients also had fewer days of hospitalization (2.5+/-2.7 vs 4.5+/-4.8 per patient; P=.004) and, once readmitted, were less likely to experience 4 or more readmissions (3/31 vs 12/38; P=.03). Hospital-based costs were significantly lower among HBI patients (Aust $5100 vs Aust $10600 per patient; P=.02). Unplanned readmission was positively correlated with 14 days or more of unplanned readmission in the 6 months before study entry (odds ratio [OR], 5.4; P=.006). Positive correlates of death were (1) non-English speaking (OR, 4.9; P=.008), (2) 14 days or more of unplanned readmission in the 6 months before study entry (OR, 4.9; P=.008), and (3) left ventricular ejection fraction of 40% or less (OR, 3.0; P=.03); conversely, assignment to HBI was a negative correlate (OR, 0.3; P=.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this controlled study, among a cohort of high-risk patients with congestive heart failure, beneficial effects of a postdischarge HBI were sustained for at least 18 months, with a significant reduction in unplanned readmissions, total hospital stay, hospital-based costs, and mortality.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital/University of Adelaide, Woodville, South Australia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Vandenbroek
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pearson
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Horowitz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001315:Australia; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000191:economics* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D018575:Home Care Services, Hospital-Based / Q000191:economics; D017721:Hospital Costs; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000191:economics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010359:Patient Readmission / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*