title: Anti-calculus activity of a toothpaste with microgranules.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the trial was to determine the efficacy of the proven anticalculus active system (zinc citrate trihydrate [ZCT] and triclosan), when the ZCT is delivered from microgranules incorporated in a silica-based toothpaste containing 1450 ppm F as sodium fluoride.
  
  
  METHODS
  A monadic, single-blind, two phase design clinical trial was used to compare the effect of the test and a negative control fluoridated toothpaste on the formation of supragingival calculus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male and female calculus-forming volunteers, aged 18 or over, were recruited for the study following a 2-week screening phase. All subjects were given a scale and polish of their eight lower anterior teeth at the start of both the pre-test and test phases. Subjects were supplied with a silica-based 1450 F ppm fluoridated toothpaste with no anti-calculus active for use during an 8-week pre-test phase. Calculus was assessed at the end of the pre-test and test phases using the Volpe-Manhold index (VMI). Subjects were stratified according to their pre-test VMI score (8-10, 10.5-12, > 12) and gender and then allocated at random to test or negative control toothpaste groups. Subjects with < 8 mm of calculus were excluded from further participation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The outcome variable was the mean VMI score for the test and negative control groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The test toothpaste caused a statistically significant 30% reduction in calculus compared with the control paste after a 13-week use. No adverse events were reported during the study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incorporation of the ZCT in microgranules did not adversely affect the anticalculus activity of the new formulation.
authors.affiliation: Unilever Dental Research, Port Sunlight Laboratory, Wirral, Merseyside, UK.
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Chesters
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: O'Mullane
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Finnerty
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Huntington
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003728:Dental Calculus / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010316:Particle Size; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014260:Triclosan / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017967:Zinc Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*