title: The reemergence of Ebola hemorrhagic fever, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995. Commission de Lutte contre les Epidémies à Kikwit.
abstract: In May 1995, an international team characterized and contained an outbreak of Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Active surveillance was instituted using several methods, including house-to-house search, review of hospital and dispensary logs, interview of health care personnel, retrospective contact tracing, and direct follow-up of suspect cases. In the field, a clinical case was defined as fever and hemorrhagic signs, fever plus contact with a case-patient, or fever plus at least 3 of 10 symptoms. A total of 315 cases of EHF, with an 81% case fatality, were identified, excluding 10 clinical cases with negative laboratory results. The earliest documented case-patient had onset on 6 January, and the last case-patient died on 16 July. Eighty cases (25%) occurred among health care workers. Two individuals may have been the source of infection for >50 cases. The outbreak was terminated by the initiation of barrier-nursing techniques, health education efforts, and rapid identification of cases.
authors.affiliation: Special Pathogens Branch and Infectious Disease Pathology Activity, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: F K
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Tshioko
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Heymann
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Le Guenno
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nabeth
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kerstiëns
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fleerackers
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Kilmarx
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Rodier
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nkuku
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Rollin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Zaki
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Swanepoel
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tomori
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Nichol
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Muyembe-Tamfum
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Ksiazek
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D015023:Democratic Republic of the Congo / Q000453:epidemiology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005260:Female; D006282:Health Personnel; D019142:Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011247:Pregnancy; D013997:Time Factors