title: Periosteal and galeal adhesiveness after a forehead lift in a rodent model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the strength of periosteal and galeal adhesiveness at particular intervals after subperiosteal and subperiosteal-subgaleal forehead lifting in a rodent model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty mice underwent a subperiosteal or subperiosteal-subgaleal coronal forehead lift procedure. Necropic and histologic examination of the periosteal, galeal, and bone interface was performed on postoperative days 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10, and the strength of the elevated flap reattachment to underlying tissues was measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tension analysis in the early postoperative period showed a higher avulsive force was required to re-elevate subgaleal-subperiosteal flaps than subperiosteal flaps. However, subperiosteal flap adhesiveness appeared to increase rapidly between postoperative days 4 and 8. By day 10, the force required to re-elevate subperiosteal flaps was significantly higher than that required for subgaleal-subperiosteal flaps (P < or = .0001). Histologic analysis showed an inflammatory response at the periosteum-bone interface, which maximized at postoperative day 6.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the early postoperative period, subgaleal-subperiosteal flaps had higher adhesiveness than subperiosteal flaps. However, by postoperative day 10, subperiosteal forehead flaps were substantially more adherent in this rodent model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, USA.
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Lindsey
mesh_terms: D000268:Adhesiveness; D000818:Animals; D062109:Dermatologic Surgical Procedures; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005546:Forehead / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005624:Frontal Bone / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010521:Periosteum / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011897:Random Allocation; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000473:pathology*