Insulin-like growth factor-I receptor signal transduction: at the interface between physiology and cell biology.
The insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) mediates the biological actions of IGF-I and IGF-II. The IGFs play a critical role in promoting development, stimulating growth and organogenesis via mitogenic, antiapoptotic and chemotactic activity. Recent research has focused on the events that occur intracellularly upon receptor activation. Several pathways have been shown to be important. The insulin-receptor substrate (IRS), SHC, GRB2, CRKII and CRKL adaptor proteins have all been implicated in transmitting signals to the nucleus of the cell. This review outlines some of the signalling pathways believed to be important in converting IGF-IR activation into changes in cell behavior and metabolism.
Butler
A A
AA
Diabetes Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1770, USA.
Yakar
S
S
Gewolb
I H
IH
Karas
M
M
Okubo
Y
Y
LeRoith
D
D
D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000818:Animals; D051383:GRB10 Adaptor Protein; D051380:GRB2 Adaptor Protein; D006801:Humans; D007295:Inositol Phosphates / Q000502:physiology; D008954:Models, Biological; D005810:Multigene Family; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000502:physiology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011506:Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D050737:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-crk; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D011972:Receptor, Insulin / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*