title: Rhabdomyosarcoma of the urachus. A case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rhabdomyosarcoma of the urachus is extremely rare, and only two cases have been reported. Cytologic, histologic, immunochemical and electron microscopic findings in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the urachus are presented.
  
  
  METHODS
  Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the urachus developed in a 2-year-old boy. Imprint smears prepared prior to a histologic examination for a rapid report contained many malignant cells isolated or in clusters in a myxoid background. They were uniformly small, with round to oval nuclei and scant cytoplasm, and immunohistochemically positive for desmin and alpha-sarcomeric muscle actin but negative for myoglobin. This tumor was diagnosed cytologically as embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma because of its skeletal muscle origin and because of its similarity to one of the so-called small round cell tumors of childhood. Histologic examination confirmed the cytologic diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cytologic, histologic and electron microscopic findings were identical to those described previously for embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma at other sites. In immunochemical examinations, cytologic samples fixed in ethanol are more useful than histologic ones fixed in formalin. Then, in order to differentiate poorly differentiated rhabdomyosarcoma from other small round cell tumors in children, desmin and alpha-sarcomeric actin, rather than myoglobin, are recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Oita Medical University, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hayashida
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nagahama
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gamachi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kashima
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Daa
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hirose
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nakayama
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000032:analysis; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003893:Desmin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D019042:Muscle Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D009211:Myoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D018233:Rhabdomyosarcoma, Embryonal / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000556:secondary*; D014497:Urachus