title: Exposure to drug trafficking among urban, low-income African American children and adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association between exposure to drug trafficking (selling or delivering drugs) and exposure to other forms of community violence and risk behaviors among urban, low-income African American children and adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community-based, cross-sectional survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten public housing developments in a large eastern city in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred forty-nine urban, low-income African American children and adolescents (198 boys and 151 girls), aged 9 to 15 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Exposure to drug trafficking and other forms of community violence (as either a victim or a witness), risk behaviors/perceptions including risk-taking/delinquency, drug use, perpetration of violence or other crimes, threats to school achievement, and perceived peer involvement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Exploratory factor analysis was performed to examine whether exposure to drug trafficking is a risk factor that is distinct from other exposure to violence. Multivariate analysis of variance and chi2 tests were performed to assess the relationship between exposure to drug trafficking and other forms of community violence and risk behaviors/perceptions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 349 participants, 63 (18%) had been asked to traffic drugs and 134 (38%) had seen someone else being asked to traffic drugs. Factor analysis indicates that exposure to drug trafficking appears to be different from other forms of community violence. However, having been asked and having seen other people being asked to traffic drugs were both strongly associated with exposure to other forms of community violence. Compared with children and adolescents who had not been exposed to drug trafficking, those who were exposed to drug trafficking reported more risk-taking and delinquent behaviors, drug use, threats to achievement, and a perception of more peer involvement in these risk behaviors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exposure to drug trafficking is a unique risk factor that is strongly associated with exposure to other forms of community violence and involvement in other risk behaviors.
authors.affiliation: Center for Minority Health Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201, USA. xili@umaryland.edu
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stanton
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Feigelman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D007604:Juvenile Delinquency / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D011203:Poverty / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012931:Social Environment; D012932:Social Facilitation; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014754:Violence / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data