title: Lymphotoxin alphabeta is expressed on recently activated naive and Th1-like CD4 cells but is down-regulated by IL-4 during Th2 differentiation.
abstract: Lymphotoxin (LT) is a cytokine that orchestrates lymphoid neogenesis and formation of germinal center reactions. LT exists as a membrane heterotrimer of alpha and beta subunits and is secreted as a homotrimer, LTalpha3. Using LTbetaR.Fc, expression of LTalphabeta on CD4 T cell subsets was investigated in a TCR transgenic model. LTalphabeta was evident 24-72 h after activation of naive T cells with specific Ag, and declined thereafter. Early expression was independent of IFN-gamma and IL-12, however, IL-12 prolonged expression. LTalphabeta was reinduced within 2-4 h after Ag restimulation, but declined by 24 h regardless of IL-12 or IFN-gamma priming. Exposure of naive T cells to IL-4 did not affect early LTalphabeta expression at 24 h, but resulted in subsequent down-regulation. IL-4-differentiated Th2 effectors did not re-express LTalphabeta, and LTalphabeta was transiently found on Th1 clones but not Th2 clones. LTalpha3 and TNF were immunoprecipitated from supernatants and lysates of IL-12 primed cells but not IL-4 primed cells. These studies demonstrate that LTalphabeta is expressed by activated naive CD4 cells, unpolarized IL-2-secreting effectors, and Th1 effectors. In contrast, loss of surface LTalphabeta and a lack of LTalpha3 and TNF secretion is associated with prior exposure to IL-4 and a Th2 phenotype.
authors.affiliation: Divisions ofImmunochemistry and Molecular Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gramaglia
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Mauri
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Miner
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Ware
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Croft
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D002999:Clone Cells; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015536:Down-Regulation; D015870:Gene Expression; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000494:pharmacology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000494:pharmacology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D011487:Protein Conformation; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*