title: The vascular relationship between the temporomandibular joint and the middle ear in the human fetus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this work was to clarify the vascular relationships between the middle ear and the temporomandibular joint region during human fetal development.
  
  
  METHODS
  Light microscopic studies were done on 40 human fetuses from 72 mm crown-rump length (C-R) to 150 mm C-R, which were stained by various methods. Five human fetuses were dissected. Natural latex with industrial coloring was injected through the external carotid artery. All specimens were dissected bilaterally.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The limits of the retroarticular region and the fetal tympanosquamosal fissure are shown. The anterior tympanic artery has a variable origin. In most cases, it originates from the maxillary artery; in other cases it originates from the superficial temporal artery or the bifurcation of the external carotid artery. On its way through the retroarticular region, it gives branches to the posterior part of the temporomandibular joint. It progresses along the most lateral part of the tympanosquamosal fissure, dividing into three branches that extend throughout the middle ear. A number of venous spaces in the retroarticular region that constitute the retrodiscal venous plexus. Small venous vessels along the fetal tympanosquamosal fissure accompany the anterior tympanic artery and drain into the retrodiscal venous plexus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  During human fetal development, there is a wide connection across the tympanosquamosal fissure between the middle ear and the temporomandibular joint region. The anterior tympanic artery and its branches, as well as small venous vessels that are connected with the retrodiscal venous plexus, extend along the most lateral part of the fissure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphological Sciences II, University Complutense of Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Mérida-Velasco
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Vázquez
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Mérida-Velasco
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Collado
mesh_terms: D001158:Arteries / Q000196:embryology; D002342:Carotid Artery, External / Q000196:embryology; D018568:Crown-Rump Length; D004429:Ear Ossicles / Q000098:blood supply / Q000196:embryology; D004432:Ear, Middle / Q000098:blood supply / Q000196:embryology*; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D008438:Maxillary Artery / Q000196:embryology; D013699:Temporal Arteries / Q000196:embryology; D013701:Temporal Bone / Q000098:blood supply / Q000196:embryology; D013704:Temporomandibular Joint / Q000098:blood supply / Q000196:embryology*; D019224:Temporomandibular Joint Disc / Q000098:blood supply / Q000196:embryology; D014680:Veins / Q000196:embryology; D014699:Venules / Q000196:embryology