title: Radiation-induced apoptosis and limb teratogenesis in embryonic mice.
abstract: In utero irradiation of the fetus during the period of organogenesis induces a dramatic increase in malformation. However, the mechanisms underlying the teratogenesis remain to be elucidated. In the present study, the correlation between radiation-induced apoptosis and limb malformation was examined in mice. The mice were exposed to X rays in utero on day 11 of gestation during the period of organogenesis of limb buds. A marked increase in the number of apoptotic cells in the predigital regions in the forelimb buds was detected 4 h after irradiation. The preinterdigital regions of the forelimb buds did not show such an increase at the same time. Aphlangy and ectrodactyly were the main types of anomalies observed on day 19 in the limbs of the fetuses irradiated with 5 Gy. The increases in prenatal death and teratogenesis in limb digits in living fetuses were dependent on dose. The possible mechanisms involved are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiobiology and Biodosimetry, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ohhira
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Odaka
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mitani
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hayata
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohyama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shima
mesh_terms: D000016:Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005260:Female; D005552:Forelimb / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000196:embryology / Q000528:radiation effects; D018878:Limb Buds / Q000166:cytology / Q000528:radiation effects; D017880:Limb Deformities, Congenital / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D011247:Pregnancy