title: Extracellular matrix regulates apoptosis in human neutrophils.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  During inflammation, polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) migrate into the affected tissue interacting with extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. We tested the hypothesis that PMN-matrix interaction affects PMN apoptosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Apoptosis of human PMNs was detected by DNA-fragmentation assay and was quantitated by flow cytometry, ultraviolet and light microscopy. Cell adhesion was assessed by a toluidine blue assay, and cell spreading was detected by phase contrast microscopy. Protein tyrosine phosphorylation was studied using Western blotting and confocal microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PMN apoptosis was not different in unstimulated cultures on either surface-adherent fibronectin or on PolyHema, a surface that prevents cell adherence. However, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) treatment significantly increased apoptosis on fibronectin (37 +/- 4%) compared with PolyHema (20 +/- 3%). Tests on other matrix substances revealed that the percentage of apoptotic PMNs in the presence of TNF alpha was 8 +/- 1% on PolyHema, 26 +/- 4% on fibronectin, 17 +/- 2% on collagen I, 16 +/- 2% on collagen IV, and 16 +/- 3% on laminin (P < 0.05 for all matrices compared with PolyHema). Preincubation with genistein (50 microM) significantly inhibited TNF alpha-mediated apoptosis on fibronectin (39 +/- 4% to 21 +/- 4%) but not on PolyHema (21 +/- 4% to 16 +/- 4%). Genistein also reduced PMN spreading on fibronectin. In contrast, inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase and protein kinase C showed no effect on PMN apoptosis. Fibronectin strongly increased tyrosine phosphorylation of three 102, 63, and 54 kDa proteins. Five newly tyrosine-phosphorylated 185, 85, 66, 56, and 42 kDa bands were also visible. Using confocal microscopy, highest tyrosine phosphorylation was localized to sites of cell-matrix interaction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ECM influences apoptosis in TNF alpha-activated, adherent, spreading PMNs. The process is regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation. Acceleration of apoptosis may shorten the PMN lifespan and thereby locally regulate inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Franz-Volhard Clinic, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kettritz
authors.forename: Y X
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kerren
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Quass
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Luft
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Haller
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000502:physiology*; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000502:physiology; D019833:Genistein / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011102:Polyhydroxyethyl Methacrylate; D013997:Time Factors; D014018:Tissue Distribution / Q000502:physiology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism