title: Processing and release of IL-16 from CD4+ but not CD8+ T cells is activation dependent.
abstract: IL-16 is synthesized as a precursor molecule of 68 kDa (pro-IL-16) that is processed by caspase-3, a member of the IL-1 converting enzyme (ICE) family. This cleavage results in a 13-kDa carboxy terminal peptide, which constitutes the bioactive secreted form of IL-16. We have previously reported constitutive IL-16 mRNA expression and pro-IL-16 protein in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Although bioactive IL-16 protein is present in unstimulated CD8+ T cells, there is no bioactive IL-16 present in CD4+ T cells. Along these lines, unstimulated CD8+ T cells contain active caspase-3. In the current studies we investigated the regulation of IL-16 protein and mRNA expression in CD4+ T cells and determined the kinetics of secretion following stimulation of the TCR. CD4+ T cells release IL-16 protein following antigenic stimulation, and this release is accelerated in time by costimulation via CD28. However, CD3/CD28 costimulation did not alter IL-16 mRNA appearance or stability in either CD4+ or CD8+ T cells. The secretion of bioactive IL-16 from CD4+ T cells correlated with the appearance of cleavage of pro-caspase-3 into its 20-kDa active form. Thus, resting CD8+ T cells contain active caspase-3 that is capable of cleaving pro-IL-16, whereas CD4+ T cells require activation for the appearance of active caspase-3. The mechanism of release or secretion of bioactive IL-16 is currently unknown, but does not correlate with cellular apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Parada
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kornfeld
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nicoll
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Center
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Cruikshank
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000494:pharmacology; D018106:CD28 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D019410:Interleukin-16 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits