title: Oral health systems in Europe. Part II: The dental workforce.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe and compare the practice of dentistry and the dental workforce in eighteen European countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Semi-structured, in-depth validation interviews were carried out with key-informants from the main national dental associations of EU and associated countries. The interviews were structured around the responses to a previously completed questionnaire, whose topics and terminology had been agreed in advance with the collaborating associations. The resulting descriptions of dental practice and the dental workforce in each country were returned for further validation and correction by the collaborating associations. Ultimate editorial control over the review of each country's oral health system rested with the academic unit from which the associations jointly commissioned the study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With the exception of Austria the primary training and registration of dentists is now more or less standard across Europe. However, wide international variation exists in the official recognition of dental specialists and auxiliaries. The Nordic countries of Sweden, Finland and Iceland recognise the broadest range of specialties. In contrast Spain, Portugal, Luxembourg and Belgium currently do not formally recognise any types of specialist practice. Fee-for-service is the dominant form of remuneration for dentists across Europe, but considerable variation exists in the level of fees, how they are decided and the proportion paid by the patient. When based upon standard questionnaires, semi-structured interviews with key informants are an effective method for capturing both the specifics of how an oral health system works, and the general similarities and differences between countries.
authors.affiliation: Dental Public Health Unit, Dental School, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: E T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Treasure
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Whitehouse
mesh_terms: D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003727:Dental Auxiliaries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003813:Dentistry / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003815:Dentists / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004497:Education, Dental; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D018588:Fee-for-Service Plans / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005250:Fees, Dental / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005382:Financing, Personal / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008005:Licensure, Dental; D011331:Private Practice / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011364:Professional Practice / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012953:Societies, Dental; D013039:Specialties, Dental / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires