title: Comparison of melatonin products against USP's nutritional supplements standards and other criteria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate and compare the quality of a sample of melatonin products, as measured by the United States Pharmacopeial Convention (USP) General Tests and Assays for Nutritional Supplements (other than Microbial Limits) and certain other tests.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five immediate-release, two sublingual, and two controlled-release products were randomly gathered from a health food store, groceries, and pharmacies in the Baltimore-Washington metropolitan area.
  
  
  METHODS
  Weight variation, disintegration (not applicable for controlled-release products), and drug dissolution, based on USP standards. Twelve-hour dissolution profiles were obtained from the controlled-release products. All tablets were also evaluated for friability following the USP procedure and for hardness following unofficial procedures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All products passed the weight variation test. Two products showed excessive friability. Three immediate-release products failed both the disintegration and the dissolution tests. One of the three products demonstrated a threefold difference in hardness. One controlled-release product released 90% of melatonin in four hours in the dissolution test; the other released 90% of its content in 12 hours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Some products showed evidence of poor formulation and/or poor quality control as indicated by excessive friability, failure to disintegrate and dissolve, and excessive variation in hardness. In vitro release profiles of the two controlled-release products were substantially different. The poor quality of some supplements should be a concern to consumers and health care providers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore 21201-1180, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hahm
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kujawa
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Augsburger
mesh_terms: D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D008550:Melatonin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000592:standards*; D011786:Quality Control; D014481:United States