title: Particle size and loading efficiency of poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) multiphase microspheres containing water soluble substances prepared by the hydrous and anhydrous solvent evaporation methods.
abstract: PLGA multiphase microspheres were prepared by the multiple emulsion solvent evaporation method using acetonitrile as the polymer solvent and mineral oil as the evaporation medium. The preparation process was further developed in the present study to reduce the particle size and to increase the loading capacity of brilliant blue, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) which were used as water soluble model drug substances. Sorbitan sesqui-oleate (SO-15EX), present at the 1% w/w level in the evaporation medium, prevented agglomeration of the microspheres containing a solid-in-oil (S/O) suspensions as the core phase. This S/O suspension core provided significantly higher loading efficiency of the proteins to the W/O emulsion core. The W/O emulsion system resulted in agglomeration of the protein-loaded microspheres and the loading efficiency decreased significantly. When brilliant blue was included as the model compound, the loading efficiencies were not influenced by the core type. Heavy mineral oil was employed to stabilize the dispersed unhardened microspheres rather than light mineral oil that was reported previously. This anhydrous emulsion system employing the S/O suspension core and containing a dispersion of TNF-alpha enabled the encapsulation of this protein without loss of activity. It was concluded that the anhydrous emulsion system is a suitable approach to prepare multiple microspheres as an alternative to the W/O emulsion system, especially when solvent sensitive proteins are incorporated into the microspheres.
authors.affiliation: Department of Formulation Research, Dainippon Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwata
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: McGinity
mesh_terms: D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*; D004655:Emulsions; D006601:Hexoses; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D008863:Microspheres; D008899:Mineral Oil / Q000737:chemistry; D010316:Particle Size; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014227:Triazines / Q000737:chemistry; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000737:chemistry; D014783:Viscosity; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry