title: Transcriptional regulation by a naturally occurring truncated rat estrogen receptor (ER), truncated ER product-1 (TERP-1).
abstract: Truncated estrogen receptor product-1 (TERP-1) is a naturally occurring rat estrogen receptor (ER) variant transcribed from a unique start site and containing a unique 5'-untranslated region fused to exons 5-8 of ERalpha. TERP-1 is detected only in the pituitary, and TERP-1 mRNA levels are highly regulated during the estrous cycle, exceeding those of the full-length ERalpha on proestrus. These data suggest that TERP-1 may play a role in estrogen- regulated feedback in the pituitary. We examined the ability of TERP-1 to modulate gene transcription in transiently transfected ER-negative (Cos-1) and ER-positive pituitary (alphaT3 and GH3) cell lines. In Cos-1 cells transiently cotransfected with TERP-1 and either ERalpha or ERbeta, low levels of TERP-1 (ratios of < 1:1 with ER) enhanced transcription of model promoters containing estrogen response elements by an average of 3- to 4-fold above that seen with ER alone. At higher concentrations of TERP-1 (> 1:1 with ER) transcription was inhibited. TERP-1 also had a biphasic action on transcription in the alphaT3 and GH3 pituitary cell lines, although the stimulatory action was less pronounced. TERP-1 actions were dependent on ligand-activated ER as TERP-1 did not bind estradiol in transfected Cos-1 cells or in vitro, and estrogen antagonists prevented the stimulatory effects of TERP-1. Coimmunoprecipitation studies suggest that TERP-1 does not bind with high affinity to the full-length ERalpha. However, TERP-1 may compete with ER for binding sites of receptor cofactors because steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1) rescued the inhibitory actions of TERP-1. The ability of TERP-1 to both enhance and inhibit ER-dependent promoter activity suggests that TERP-1 may play a physiological role in estrogen feedback in the rat pituitary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville 22908, USA.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Schreihofer
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Resnick
authors.forename: A Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Soh
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Shupnik
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D015153:Blotting, Western; D019556:COS Cells; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D004054:Diethylstilbestrol / Q000378:metabolism; D004958:Estradiol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D000077267:Fulvestrant; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000502:physiology; D010957:Plasmids / Q000737:chemistry; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D051381:Rats; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism