title: Effect of age on outcome with primary angioplasty versus thrombolysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine how risks associated with increasing age differed in patients treated with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty versus thrombolysis.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Advancing age is a risk factor for adverse outcome in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Primary angioplasty has been thought to be particularly beneficial in higher risk patients including the elderly. There is, however, limited data on any differential incremental benefit of angioplasty compared with thrombolysis in candidates for either treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the GUSTO-IIb angioplasty substudy, 1,138 patients were randomized to receive primary angioplasty or accelerated tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA). The effect of age on outcome was assessed as a discrete and continuous variable for each treatment group. Models using age as a linear factor as well as cubic spline transformations were used for the major end points of 30-day death or disabling stroke; death or reinfarction; and death, reinfarction or disabling stroke.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For each 10-year patient group, outcome was improved with angioplasty (n = 565) compared with t-PA (n = 573). Irrespective of treatment, however, risk increased with age. After adjusting for baseline characteristics, each increment of 10 years of age increased the risk of death or myocardial infarction by 1.32 (95% confidence interval 1.04 to 1.76, p = 0.022). For all adverse outcomes, this incremental effect of increasing age was constant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Advancing age is associated with worse outcomes, and the risks increase in proportion to age. Although primary angioplasty improves outcomes over thrombolysis, it does not appear to be more beneficial in older than in younger patient groups. The incremental adverse effect of age does not vary by treatment strategy.
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Pieper
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Califf
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Topol
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006493:Heparin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D024764:Hirudin Therapy; D006629:Hirudins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D012008:Recurrence; D015996:Survival Rate; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome