title: Odortypes: their origin and composition.
abstract: Odors that distinguish one individual from another member of the species and are determined by polymorphic genes are called odortypes. Odortypes and their considerable societal significance have been studied intimately only in mice and mainly with respect to the genes of the major histocompatibility complex. Further understanding and the matter of human relevance have been hampered by the apparent restriction of odortype expression to urine. The present finding that odorants comprising prerenal odortypes are already present in blood, albeit in masked form, affords the basis of a comprehensive view of odortypes. Accordingly, major histocompatibility complex and other polymorphic genes of antiquity are seen inter alia as agents of normal variation, which entails quantitative variation in output of odorant metabolites. Relatively few such normal variations should suffice for a vast range of compound odors whose specificity is determined by combinative assortment of the same set of individual volatile compounds.
authors.affiliation: Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Beauchamp
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bard
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Boyse
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D006183:H-2 Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008285:Major Histocompatibility Complex; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009812:Odorants; D012903:Smell / Q000276:immunology*; D014556:Urine