title: Adding zinc to prenatal iron and folate tablets improves fetal neurobehavioral development.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to examine whether improvement in maternal zinc status during pregnancy is positively associated with fetal neurobehavioral development in a Peruvian population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We electronically monitored, at 32 and 36 weeks' gestation, 55 fetuses whose mothers were randomly assigned to receive, during pregnancy, a daily supplement containing 60 mg iron and 250 microg folate, with or without 15 mg zinc. Fetal heart rate and movement patterns were quantified in 55 and 34 fetuses, respectively, as indexes of neurobehavioral development.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fetuses of mothers who received zinc supplementation showed fewer episodes of minimal fetal heart rate variability, increased fetal heart rate range, an increased number of accelerations, an increased number of movement bouts, an increased amount of time spent moving, and an increased number of large movements. Differences by supplementation type increased with gestational age and were statistically significant at 36 weeks' gestation (P <.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Improving maternal zinc status through prenatal supplementation may improve fetal neurobehavioral development.
authors.affiliation: Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, The Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Merialdi
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Caulfield
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zavaleta
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Figueroa
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: DiPietro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development; D005260:Female; D005324:Fetal Movement; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006340:Heart Rate, Fetal; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009420:Nervous System / Q000196:embryology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D015032:Zinc / Q000008:administration & dosage*