title: Elevated resting energy expenditure in adolescents with sickle cell anemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the reliability of standard prediction equations in estimating resting energy expenditure (REE) values in adolescents with sickle cell anemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Body composition and metabolic measurements were performed in 8 adolescents, aged 11 to 18 years, with homozygous sickle cell anemia. REE was measured by indirect calorimetry under standard conditions, and measurements were compared with 4 prediction formulas (Harris-Benedict, Schofield, Mayo Clinic, and Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization/United Nations University). Fat-free mass was measured to assess REE per unit of actively metabolizing tissue. Fat-free mass was expressed as a mean of values obtained by densitometry, deuterium dilution, 40K-counting, and total body electrical conductivity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to determine whether measured REE values and predicted values differed. The Fischer test was used to identify which predicted values differed significantly from the measured REE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 4 prediction formulas significantly underestimated REE. Group mean values for the prediction formulas ranged from 83% to 89% of the measured value. REE averaged 47.7 +/- 10.0 kcal/kg fat-free mass per day, which is 30% to 50% higher than reported values in healthy adolescent populations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that REE is elevated in adolescents with sickle cell anemia. Standard equations used to predict REE are unreliable in these patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  REE in patients with sickle cell anemia is best determined by indirect or direct measurement of energy expenditure. Clinically useful formulas to estimate REE should be developed for patients with conditions, including sickle cell anemia, where the metabolic rate may be altered.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0136, USA.
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Kopp-Hoolihan
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: van Loan
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Mentzer
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Heyman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000755:Anemia, Sickle Cell / Q000378:metabolism*; D000886:Anthropometry; D001823:Body Composition; D002153:Calorimetry, Indirect; D002648:Child; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male