title: Effects of HEMA on water evaporation from water-HEMA mixtures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this research were: (1) to determine the relative rates of evaporation of water and HEMA, and (2) to determine the effects of increasing concentrations of HEMA on the rate of evaporation of water from water and HEMA mixtures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten microliters of each solution (100% H2O, 75% H2O-25% HEMA, 50% H2O-50% HEMA, 25% HEMA, 100% HEMA) were placed on the pan of a thermogravimetric analysis instrument held at 37 degrees C. The rate of spontaneous weight loss was measured as a function of time and relative humidity (RH) and compared statistically using ANOVA and Scheffé F test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rate of evaporation of pure water was 32-fold higher than that of 100% HEMA. Addition of HEMA to water lowered the rate of evaporation of water from the water-HEMA mixtures in a manner that was proportional to its effect on lowering the vapor pressure of water (p < 0.05 comparing 50% HEMA with 75% HEMA). The rate of evaporation of water from water-HEMA mixtures was higher (p < 0.05) when the ambient gas was at 0% RH than when it was at 51% RH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that as water evaporates from water-HEMA mixtures, the concentration of HEMA rises because it is relatively non-volatile. This rise in HEMA concentration lowers the vapor pressure of water making it more difficult to remove the last amounts of water. This residual water may interfere with polymerization of adhesive monomers, thereby lowering the quality of the hybrid layer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Diagnosis and Patient Services, School of Dentistry, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, USA. DPASHLEY.@mail.MCG.Edu
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Pashley
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Lockwood
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Rueggeberg
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Pashley
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014835:Volatilization; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry