title: Intrauterine growth restriction is associated with persistent juxtamedullary expression of renin in the fetal kidney.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) has been linked to impaired renal function and hypertension, suggesting that an adverse prenatal environment could alter kidney development and renin production.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were employed to localize renin-containing cells (RCCs) in the deep, middle, and superficial zones of autopsy kidney sections, in parallel with histologic maturation, from unexplained stillborn fetuses of normal weight (N = 26) and stillborn fetuses with IUGR (N = 17).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the control group, the number of RCC per 100 glomeruli in the deep zone decreased with advancing gestation from 40 at 20 weeks gestation to five at term (P < 0.001), whereas the opposite change was found in the superficial zone (increase from 5 per 100 to 55 per 100; P < 0.001). In the IUGR group, the density of RCCs in both the superficial and deep zones was similar to the control group at 20 weeks, and no shift in renin gene expression was observed as gestation advanced. Histologic maturation was unaltered.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Renin gene expression persists and predominates in the deep renal cortex of the stillborn IUGR fetus, and could contribute to the pathogenesis of neonatal oliguria and/or hypertension during postnatal life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College London, England.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kingdom
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McQueen
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Howatson
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Lindop
mesh_terms: D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development / Q000502:physiology; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000150:complications; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000150:complications / Q000196:embryology*; D005333:Fetus / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000196:embryology; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000196:embryology; D007679:Kidney Medulla / Q000196:embryology*; D012083:Renin / Q000378:metabolism*; D014018:Tissue Distribution