title: A study of the frequency of pericardial and pleural effusions in scleroderma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the frequency of pericardial and pleural effusions in scleroderma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a case-control format, patients with scleroderma and no known cardiac disease were recruited. Echocardiograms and chest radiographs were performed. Age- and gender-matched controls had echocardiograms performed which were read by a cardiologist, blinded to the diagnosis. The medical records of 60 other scleroderma patients were also reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-seven scleroderma subjects were recruited, of whom 18 had diffuse disease. Only eight subjects with diffuse disease and five with limited scleroderma had normal echocardiograms compared to 20 of 37 controls (P < 0.1). Two had pericardial effusions, both with diffuse scleroderma, and none of the controls had effusions present. Pulmonary hypertension occurred in three with diffuse disease and no controls. A chart review of a further 60 patients with scleroderma was performed. Pleural effusions were identified in 7% (4/58) of the cohort of scleroderma patients and were more frequent in diffuse disease (10%). A total of 17% (4/23) of diffuse and 4% (1/23) of limited scleroderma patients had evidence of pericardial effusions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pericardial effusions do occur in scleroderma without evidence of clinical cardiac dysfunction and are more common in diffuse scleroderma. Pleural effusions in scleroderma occur less frequently, in 70%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Pope
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015897:Comorbidity; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010490:Pericardial Effusion / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010996:Pleural Effusion / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000453:epidemiology*