title: Transmission of Ebola hemorrhagic fever: a study of risk factors in family members, Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995. Commission de Lutte contre les Epidémies à Kikwit.
abstract: The surviving members of 27 households in which someone had been infected with Ebola virus were interviewed in order to define the modes of transmission of Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF). Of 173 household contacts of the primary cases, 28 (16%) developed EHF. All secondary cases had direct physical contact with the ill person (rate ratio [RR], undefined; P < .001), and among those with direct contact, exposure to body fluids conferred additional risk (RR, 3.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9-6.8). After adjusting for direct contact and exposure to body fluids, adult family members, those who touched the cadaver, and those who were exposed during the late hospital phase were at additional risk. None of the 78 household members who had no physical contact with the case during the clinical illness were infected (upper 95% CI, 4%). EHF is transmitted principally by direct physical contact with an ill person or their body fluids during the later stages of illness.
authors.affiliation: Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. SFD2@cdc.gov
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Dowell
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mukunu
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Ksiazek
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Rollin
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Peters
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000821:virology; D016358:Contact Tracing; D015023:Democratic Republic of the Congo / Q000453:epidemiology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D019142:Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors