title: Orthodontic treatment demand--differences between urban and rural areas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the outcome of orthodontic treatment and the desire for further treatment in 19-year-old young adults treated by specialists in urban and rural areas and to study the influence of the level of education of their parents.
  
  
  METHODS
  The individuals were clinically and retrospectively examined with reference to malocclusions and orthodontic treatment received during childhood and adolescence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Orthodontic department in Kronoberg County, Sweden.
  
  
  METHODS
  From a sample of 302 young adults, all individuals who had received orthodontic treatment by specialists (n = 60) were selected.
  
  
  METHODS
  The individuals were compared according to outcome of treatment and place of residence. The pre-treatment need, the residual treatment need, the treatment results, and the desire for further treatment were estimated as well as treatment duration, number of visits, percentages of discontinued treatments and parents' level of education.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a higher frequency of individuals without previous treatment and a lower frequency of specialist-treated individuals in rural areas than in urban areas in the county. The treatments implied substantial improvements, with a higher reduction of treatment need and a higher degree of success in patients from urban areas than from rural areas (P < 0.01). There were no statistically significant differences according to gender, socio-economic factors, or desire for further treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest a greater degree of tolerance towards malocclusions in individuals in rural areas than in urban areas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bergström
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Halling
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huggare
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002648:Child; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000628:therapy; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective; D010290:Parents; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D010349:Patient Compliance; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012423:Rural Health; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013548:Sweden; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014504:Urban Health