title: Comparison of agar dilution, disk diffusion, MicroScan, and Vitek antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods to broth microdilution for detection of fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates of the family Enterobacteriaceae.
abstract: Fluoroquinolone resistance appears to be increasing in many species of bacteria, particularly in those causing nosocomial infections. However, the accuracy of some antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods for detecting fluoroquinolone resistance remains uncertain. Therefore, we compared the accuracy of the results of agar dilution, disk diffusion, MicroScan Walk Away Neg Combo 15 conventional panels, and Vitek GNS-F7 cards to the accuracy of the results of the broth microdilution reference method for detection of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin resistance in 195 clinical isolates of the family Enterobacteriaceae collected from six U.S. hospitals for a national surveillance project (Project ICARE [Intensive Care Antimicrobial Resistance Epidemiology]). For ciprofloxacin, very major error rates were 0% (disk diffusion and MicroScan), 0.9% (agar dilution), and 2.7% (Vitek), while major error rates ranged from 0% (agar dilution) to 3.7% (MicroScan and Vitek). Minor error rates ranged from 12.3% (agar dilution) to 20.5% (MicroScan). For ofloxacin, no very major errors were observed, and major errors were noted only with MicroScan (3.7% major error rate). Minor error rates ranged from 8.2% (agar dilution) to 18.5% (Vitek). Minor errors for all methods were substantially reduced when results with MICs within +/-1 dilution of the broth microdilution reference MIC were excluded from analysis. However, the high number of minor errors by all test systems remains a concern.
authors.affiliation: Hospital Infections Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. cks7@cdc.gov
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Steward
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Stocker
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Swenson
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: O'Hara
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Gaynes
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: McGowan
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Tenover
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003470:Culture Media; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004756:Enterobacteriaceae Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D015242:Ofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014481:United States