title: Structure-activity relationships of flavonoids and the induction of granulocytic- or monocytic-differentiation in HL60 human myeloid leukemia cells.
abstract: The flavones apigenin and luteolin strongly inhibited the growth of HL60 cells and induced morphological differentiation into granulocytes. The flavonol quercetin inhibited the cell growth and induced a differentiation marker, i.e., NBT reducing ability. However quercetin-treated cells were not morphologically differentiated into granulocytes. The chalcone phloretin weakly induced NBT reducing ability and a marker of monocytic differentiation alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase activity in the cells. Quercetin and phloretin appeared to induce the differentiation of HL60 cells into monocytes. The proportion of alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase-positive cells induced by genistein was less than that of the NBT-positive cells. Some of the nuclei in genistein-treated HL60 cells morphologically changed. Genistein must have induced both granulocytic and monocytic differentiation of HL60 cells. The flavonols galangin and kaempferol, which had fewer hydroxyl group(s) in the B-ring than quercetin, and the flavanone naringenin inhibited the growth but did not induce the differentiation of HL60 cells.
authors.affiliation: Iwate Industrial Research Institute, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kobori
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shinmoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsushida
mesh_terms: D002454:Cell Differentiation; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology; D006098:Granulocytes / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007951:Leukemia, Myeloid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000473:pathology*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000473:pathology*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured