Aflatoxin and liver cancer in Sudan.
This study investigated whether aflatoxin contamination of peanut products may contribute to the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Sudan. Thirty-seven peanut butter and peanut samples were collected from local markets. Aflatoxin concentrations were significantly higher in West Sudan [87.4 +/- 197.3 (SD) micrograms/kg], a high-risk area, than in Central Sudan (8.5 +/- 6.8 micrograms/kg), a low-risk area. In West Sudan, humid local storage conditions of peanut products were related to high aflatoxin concentrations. In a small case-control study of HCC patients (n = 24) and controls (n = 34), an odds ratio of 7.5 (95% confidence interval = 1.4-40.2) was observed for humid vs. dry local storage conditions. Development of an index of individual HCC exposure was less successful, probably because of year-to-year variability in aflatoxins in food. These preliminary findings justify further research into the role of aflatoxins and hepatitis in HCC incidence in Sudan.
Omer
R E
RE
Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Sudan.
Bakker
M I
MI
van't Veer
P
P
Hoogenboom
R L
RL
Polman
T H
TH
Alink
G M
GM
Idris
M O
MO
Kadaru
A M
AM
Kok
F J
FJ
D000328:Adult; D000348:Aflatoxins / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D010367:Arachis; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013397:Sudan / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
D000348:Aflatoxins; D002273:Carcinogens