On-line coupling of immunoaffinity-based solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography for the determination of s-triazines in aqueous samples.
The potential of immunoaffinity-based solid-phase extraction (IASPE) coupled on-line to gas chromatography (GC) for the determination of micropollutants was studied with emphasis on the interfacing of the immunoaffinity-based SPE and GC parts of the system. The cartridge containing the immobilized antibodies was coupled to the gas chromatograph via a reversed-phase cartridge (copolymer sorbent). After trace enrichment of the analytes on the immunoaffinity cartridge, they were desorbed and recollected on the reversed-phase cartridge by means of an acidic buffer. After clean-up and drying with nitrogen, desorption and transfer to the GC was done with ethyl acetate via an on-column interface in the partially concurrent solvent evaporation mode. The antibodies used in the immunoaffinity cartridge were raised against atrazine; several s-triazines were used as test compounds. Triazines that were structurally similar to atrazine, showed quantitative recovery. As an application, immunoaffinity SPE-GC was used for the analysis of river and waste water and orange juice. The selectivity of the system was such that non-selective flame ionization detection (FID) could be used to detect the analytes of interest in these complex matrices. The detection limits for 10-ml water samples were 15-25 ng/l for FID and about 1.5 ng/l for the nitrogen-phosphorus detection.
Vrije Universiteit, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
J
J
Dallüge
T
T
Hankemeier
R J
RJ
Vreuls
U A
UA
Brinkman
D001280:Atrazine / Q000032:analysis; D001322:Autoanalysis; D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002957:Citrus; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis*; D007163:Immunosorbent Techniques; D011400:Prometryne / Q000032:analysis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014227:Triazines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*
D006540:Herbicides; D014227:Triazines; D014873:Water Pollutants; D014867:Water; D011400:Prometryne; C037565:terbutylazine; D001280:Atrazine; C007168:cyanazine; C010347:terbutryne