Angiotensin-converting-enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism and response to physical training.
BACKGROUND
The function of local renin-angiotensin systems in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue remains largely unknown. A polymorphism of the human angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene has been identified in which the insertion (I) rather than deletion (D) allele is associated with lower ACE activity in body tissues and increased response to some aspects of physical training. We studied the association between the ACE gene insertion or deletion polymorphism and changes in body composition related to an intensive exercise programme, to investigate the metabolic effects of local human renin-angiotensin systems.


METHODS
We used three independent methods (bioimpedance, multiple skinfold-thickness assessment of whole-body composition, magnetic resonance imaging of the mid-thigh) to study changes in body composition in young male army recruits over 10 weeks of intensive physical training.


RESULTS
Participants with the II genotype had a greater anabolic response than those with one or more D alleles for fat mass (0.55 vs -0.20 kg, p=0.04 by bioimpedance) and non-fat mass (1.31 vs -0.15 kg, p=0.01 by bioimpedance). Changes in body morphology with training measured by the other methods were also dependent on genotype.


CONCLUSIONS
II genotype, as a marker of low ACE activity in body tissues, may conserve a positive energy balance during rigorous training, which suggests enhanced metabolic efficiency. This finding may explain some of the survival and functional benefits of therapy with ACE inhibitors.
Montgomery
H
H
Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, University College London, Rayne Institute, UK. h.montgomery@ucl.ac.uk
Clarkson
P
P
Barnard
M
M
Bell
J
J
Brynes
A
A
Dollery
C
C
Hajnal
J
J
Hemingway
H
H
Mercer
D
D
Jarman
P
P
Marshall
R
R
Prasad
K
K
Rayson
M
M
Saeed
N
N
Talmud
P
P
Thomas
L
L
Jubb
M
M
World
M
M
Humphries
S
S
D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D001823:Body Composition / Q000235:genetics; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000235:genetics; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D010806:Physical Education and Training; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000235:genetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors
D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A