Thrombosis related to the use of L-asparaginase in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a need to consider coagulation monitoring and clotting factor replacement.
L-asparaginase (L-asp) has become an important component of combination chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, L-asp can produce depletions in many of the clotting factors with an associated risk for thrombosis and hemorrhage. Three consecutive patients seen at the Mayo Clinic with L-asp related thrombosis are described and an in-depth review of the literature is provided. Two of the 3 patients developed central nervous system (CNS) complications with evidence of thrombosis and hemorrhagic infarction. Two of the patients also developed extensive upper extremity thrombosis. The results of comprehensive hemostatic surveys showed marked abnormalities in all 3 patients. Many of the thrombotic complications related to L-asp involve the CNS, as illustrated in 2 of our patients. These patients should be treated aggressively since full recovery is possible. The precise cause of thrombosis is yet to be determined but is likely multifactorial. The optimal treatment and prevention of thrombosis in this group of patients remains poorly defined.
Alberts
S R
SR
Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
Bretscher
M
M
Wiltsie
J C
JC
O'Neill
B P
BP
Mokri
B
B
Witzig
T E
TE
D000328:Adult; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001215:Asparaginase / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors; D001215:Asparaginase