Effect of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole as Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis on bacterial illness, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and death in persons with AIDS.
To measure the effect of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) in preventing bacterial illness, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), and death in people with AIDS, we conducted a retrospective medical record review of 1078 persons who were observed for 3 years on average who attended nine outpatient facilities in Seattle, Washington between January 1990 and April 1996. We calculated relative risk estimates to measure the protective effect of TMP-SMX on the development of major bacterial illnesses, PCP, and death. Use of TMP-SMX decreased the risk of PCP (relative risk [RR] = 0.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.14-0.36) and deaths not attributable to PCP (RR = 0.59; 95% CI, 0.47-0.73). Prevention of major bacterial illnesses of known etiology was of borderline significance (RR = 0.77; 95% CI, 0.57-1.05) and became statistically significant with the addition of patients with infections of unknown etiology (RR = 0.77; 95% CI 0.61-0.97). Use of TMP-SMX PCP prophylaxis significantly reduced the risks of death and of PCP and was associated with a trend toward reduced risk of major bacterial infections.
Seattle-King County Department of Public Health, and University of Washington Department of Epidemiology, USA. susan.buskin@metrokc.gov
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Buskin
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Newcomer
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Koutsky
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Hooton
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Spach
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Hopkins
D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D000328:Adult; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000517:prevention & control; D011020:Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000494:pharmacology*
D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination