Apicularens A and B, new cytostatic macrolides from Chondromyces species (myxobacteria): production, physico-chemical and biological properties.
A novel macrolide, apicularen A, was produced by several species of the genus Chondromyces. Initially it was discovered by bioassay-guided RP-HPLC-fractionation of culture extracts of Chondromyces robustus, strain Cm a13. Apicularen A showed no antimicrobial activity, but was highly cytotoxic for cultivated human and animal cells, with IC50 values ranging between 0.1 and 3 ng/ml. A cometabolite of apicularen A, the N-acetylglucosamine glycoside apicularen B, was distinctly less cytotoxic with IC50 values between 0.2 and 1.2 microg/ml, and showed weak activity against a few Gram-positive bacteria. Apicularen A is chemically closely related to the salicylihalamides A and B from the marine sponge Haliclona sp.
Kunze
B
B
GBF, Gesellschaft für Biotechnologische Forschung mbH, Abteilung Naturstoffbiologie, Braunschweig, Germany.
Jansen
R
R
Sasse
F
F
Höfle
G
G
Reichenbach
H
H
D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D018942:Macrolides; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009231:Myxococcales / Q000378:metabolism*; D011161:Porifera / Q000737:chemistry; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; D018942:Macrolides; C117813:apicularen A; C117814:apicularen B