Expression of COX-2 by normal and reactive astrocytes in the adult rat central nervous system.
We have used a previously characterized antiserum against cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2) together with cold methanol fixation to immunohistochemically locate the protein in astrocytes in rat brain. Although in cerebral cortex most enzyme was located in neuronal perikarya as previously described, a number of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive astrocytes were also labeled. No COX-2-positive neurons were seen in the cerebellum, but here also a subset of GFAP+ astrocytes was present which contained the enzyme. The number of COX-2-positive astrocytes increased considerably after injection of the neurotoxin kainate into the cerebellum. These immunohistochemical data were supported by semiquantitative RT-PCR results, which were used to assess the levels of COX-2 mRNA relative to the housekeeping gene hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase. PGE2 levels were measured in contralateral and lesioned cerebellum to correlate changes in COX-2 immunoreactivity and mRNA with physiological events. PGE2 levels increased by 230% in the lesioned cerebellar hemispheres in comparison to the contralateral ones. We discuss the possibility that the targets for astrocytic prostaglandins might include both autocrine effects and paracrine responses of neurons, lymphocytes and capillary endothelial cells.
Department of Biochemistry, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
W D
WD
Hirst
K A
KA
Young
R
R
Newton
V C
VC
Allport
D R
DR
Marriott
G P
GP
Wilkin
D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000201:enzymology*; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007608:Kainic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012016:Reference Values; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014018:Tissue Distribution
D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D007527:Isoenzymes; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D015232:Dinoprostone; D007608:Kainic Acid