The sex and age of older adults influence the outcome of induced trips.
BACKGROUND
Falls are a significant source of morbidity and mortality in older adults, with up to 53% of these falls due to tripping. To aid in fall prevention, there is a need to identify the factors that determine whether a trip is recoverable and those factors that increase an older adult's risk of falling.


METHODS
Trips were induced during gait in 79 healthy, community-dwelling, safety-harnessed older adults (50 women) using a concealed, mechanical obstacle. Trip outcomes were graded as recoveries, falls, rope-assists, or misses. Kinematics were recorded during normal gait, without and with the safety harness. Selected gait parameters were compared to determine whether the experimental conditions affected gait at the time of the trip.


RESULTS
Thirty-nine trip outcomes were classified as recoveries, 10 as falls, 12 as rope-assists, and 18 as misses. Women fell more than four times as frequently as men. Women younger than 70 years fell more than three times as frequently as those older. Trip outcomes in the men were essentially unaffected by age. The foot obstructed to induce the trip did not affect the trip outcome. The presence of the safety harness had almost no effect on gait. The length of the stride preceding the trip did not differ from normal.


CONCLUSIONS
The majority of trips in healthy older adults did not result in falls. Older women were more likely than men to fall following a trip. The likelihood of falling from a trip was greatest in the youngest older women.
Pavol
M J
MJ
Biomedical Engineering Center, Ohio State University, USA.
Owings
T M
TM
Foley
K T
KT
Grabiner
M D
MD
D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000517:prevention & control; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot / Q000502:physiology; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D012737:Sex Factors; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*