IFN-gamma is only partially restored by co-stimulation with IL-12, IL-2, IL-15, IL-18 or engagement of CD28.
BACKGROUND
Although it is well established that T cells derived from patients with atopic diseases produce low levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), the mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon are poorly understood.


OBJECTIVE
To elucidate whether IFN-gamma production may be restored by co-stimulatory molecules known to increase IFN-gamma production in vitro. Further, to investigate whether deficient IFN-gamma production is associated with disease activity.


METHODS
Purified peripheral T cells obtained from patients with severe atopic dermatitis (AD), individuals with a history but no symptoms of AD and healthy control subjects were activated with anti-CD3 MoAbs in the presence or absence of anti-CD28 MoAbs, interleukin (IL-) 12, IL-2, IL-15 or IL-18. IFN-gamma production was determined at the single cell level by flow cytometry, as well as by ELISA.


RESULTS
Activated T cells from patients with severe AD produced less IFN-gamma than T cells from healthy control individuals. IL-12 or engagement of CD28 enhanced IFN-gamma production in both healthy and atopic T cells. However, absolute values of IFN-gamma were still different. IL-2, IL-15 and IL-18 did not restore IFN-gamma production. T cells from individuals with a history of AD produced more IFN-gamma than those from subjects with severe AD, but less than T cells from healthy individuals. Atopic T cells expressed regular levels of CD3, CD28 and Stat4, the main signal transducer and activator of transcription for IL-12. IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-beta production by T cells were not different between healthy and atopic individuals.


CONCLUSIONS
IFN-gamma deficiency in atopic T cells is not due to a lack of responsiveness to CD28, IL-12, IL-2, IL-15 or IL-18. T cell-derived cytokines able to antagonize IFN-gamma do not contribute to decreased IFN-gamma production. The extent of IFN-gamma deficiency seems to be dependent on disease activity.
Jung
T
T
Department of Dermatology, University Göttingen, Germany.
Witzak
K
K
Dieckhoff
K
K
Zachmann
K
K
Heidrich
S
S
Aversa
G
G
Neumann
C
C
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015153:Blotting, Western; D018106:CD28 Antigens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism*; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000494:pharmacology; D019409:Interleukin-15 / Q000494:pharmacology; D020382:Interleukin-18 / Q000494:pharmacology; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000494:pharmacology; D007378:Interleukins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*
D018106:CD28 Antigens; D019409:Interleukin-15; D020382:Interleukin-18; D007376:Interleukin-2; D007378:Interleukins; D018664:Interleukin-12; D007371:Interferon-gamma