Evaluation of unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) and replicative DNA synthesis (RDS) following treatment of rats and mice with p-dichlorobenzene.
p-Dichlorobenzene (PDCB) has been reported to produce tumors in the male and female mouse liver and in the male rat kidney in 2-year gavage studies (NPT, 1987). To elucidate the possible mechanisms of carcinogenicity more fully, UDS and RDS were evaluated in B6C3F1 mouse hepatocytes and F-344 rat kidney cells by autoradiography following in vivo administration of PDCB. All corn oil gavage doses of PDCB (300, 600, and 1,000 mg/kg) and the negative control resulted in < 0 net grains/nucleus (NG) in the mouse liver and rat kidney, indicating that PDCB does not induce UDS in either tissue. Compared to controls with < or = 0.29% hepatocytes in S-phase (%S), treatment of mice induced 0.46, 1.90, and 1.52 %S (males) and 2.61, 1.18, and 4.45 %S (females), which indicates that PDCB acts as an inducer of cell proliferation in the liver. In male rat kidney cells, the same doses produced 0.87, 0.67, and 1.01 %S (0.38% in controls) and in females 0.48, 0.43, and 0.32 %S (0.52% in controls), indicating that PDCB induces cell replication in the male but not the female rat kidney. Therefore, these data demonstrate that PDCB is not genotoxic in the mouse liver or rat kidney at single oral doses comparable to the daily doses given in the National Toxicology Program (NTP) bioassay (NTP, 1987). Furthermore, the increases in RDS support the hypotheses that mouse liver tumor formation occurs via stimulation of hepatocyte proliferation and male rat kidney carcinogenesis via increased renal cell proliferation.
Sherman
J H
JH
Solutia Inc., St. Louis, Missouri, USA. james.h.sherman@solutia.com
Nair
R S
RS
Steinmetz
K L
KL
Mirsalis
J C
JC
Nestmann
E R
ER
Barter
J A
JA
D000818:Animals; D015197:Carcinogenicity Tests; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002722:Chlorobenzenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004260:DNA Repair; D005260:Female; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344
D002722:Chlorobenzenes; D007306:Insecticides; D004247:DNA; C018511:4-dichlorobenzene