Aflatoxin and liver cancer in Sudan.
This study investigated whether aflatoxin contamination of peanut products may contribute to the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Sudan. Thirty-seven peanut butter and peanut samples were collected from local markets. Aflatoxin concentrations were significantly higher in West Sudan [87.4 +/- 197.3 (SD) micrograms/kg], a high-risk area, than in Central Sudan (8.5 +/- 6.8 micrograms/kg), a low-risk area. In West Sudan, humid local storage conditions of peanut products were related to high aflatoxin concentrations. In a small case-control study of HCC patients (n = 24) and controls (n = 34), an odds ratio of 7.5 (95% confidence interval = 1.4-40.2) was observed for humid vs. dry local storage conditions. Development of an index of individual HCC exposure was less successful, probably because of year-to-year variability in aflatoxins in food. These preliminary findings justify further research into the role of aflatoxins and hepatitis in HCC incidence in Sudan.
Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Sudan.
R E
RE
Omer
M I
MI
Bakker
P
P
van't Veer
R L
RL
Hoogenboom
T H
TH
Polman
G M
GM
Alink
M O
MO
Idris
A M
AM
Kadaru
F J
FJ
Kok
D000328:Adult; D000348:Aflatoxins / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D010367:Arachis; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013397:Sudan / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
D000348:Aflatoxins; D002273:Carcinogens