Carotid atherosclerosis in renal transplant recipients: relationships with cardiovascular risk factors and plasma lipoproteins.
BACKGROUND
Renal transplant recipients have an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease, but less data exist about cerebrovascular atherosclerosis. In this study, we assessed the prevalence of carotid lesions as evaluated by B-mode ultrasonography in a group of renal transplant recipients, and we evaluated univariate and multivariate relationships between common risk factors and plasma lipoproteins and carotid lesions.


METHODS
Fifty-seven renal transplant recipients and 113 age- and gender-matched controls underwent a complete clinical visit for the evaluation of risk factors present. In all subjects, a blood sample was collected for lipoprotein determination, and an ultrasound high-resolution B-mode imaging examination of the common carotid arteries was performed.


RESULTS
We found that among renal transplant recipients, there was a significantly increased prevalence of subjects with plaque in comparison with controls (24.6% vs. 6.2%, P<0.001). At multiple analysis, carotid lesions were independently associated with age, hypertension, diabetes, smoking habit, and the presence of cardiovascular disease in controls and with age and hypertension in renal transplant recipients. Neither the lipid profile nor the presence of dyslipidemias was related to carotid score in renal transplant recipients, whereas a nonsignificant trend was observed in controls. Finally, in transplant patients, we did not find any association between carotid lesions and high-density lipoprotein subfractions.


CONCLUSIONS
Age and hypertension are the main predictors of extracranial cerebrovascular atherosclerosis after renal transplantation. Because carotid lesions may represent a useful predictive marker of clinical events in nontransplant subjects, carotid artery evaluation by B-mode ultrasound might be routinely included in the management of renal transplant patients.
Barbagallo
C M
CM
Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Palermo, Italy.
Pinto
A
A
Gallo
S
S
Parrinello
G
G
Caputo
F
F
Sparacino
V
V
Cefalù
A B
AB
Novo
S
S
Licata
G
G
Notarbartolo
A
A
Averna
M R
MR
D000328:Adult; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000097:blood; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014463:Ultrasonography
D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol