Laparoscopic assisted reconstructive surgery.
OBJECTIVE
We describe the use of laparoscopy to assist in performing complex pediatric reconstructive cases with the goals of improved cosmesis, and limited postoperative morbidity and adhesion formation.


METHODS
Eight patients a mean age of 13.4 years underwent 8 laparoscopic assisted reconstructive procedures at our institution from June 1995 to February 1998. The group consisted of 5 patients with spina bifida, 1 with sacral agenesis, 1 with classic bladder exstrophy and 1 with bladder dysfunction secondary to posterior urethral valves. Information was obtained via personal communication and review of the hospital records.


RESULTS
Eight successful laparoscopic assisted procedures were performed, including bladder augmentation and an appendiceal Mitrofanoff procedure in 4 cases as well as tapered ileal Mitrofanoff and Malone antegrade continence enema procedures in 1, and bladder augmentation, appendiceal Mitrofanoff and antegrade continence enema procedure, gastrocystoplasty removal, ileal augmentation and an appendiceal Mitrofanoff procedure, and an antegrade continence enema procedure in 1 each. The laparoscopic component of these operations included extensive mobilization of the right colon in all patients and complete appendiceal harvesting in 2. Reconstruction was then completed through a Pfannenstiel incision in 4 patients, previous low midline scar in 2 and a small midline incision in 2. Drains were placed via existing trocar sites and open incisions were carried through other sites whenever possible. Continent stomas were matured through a trocar site in all 8 cases. Final cosmesis was excellent. Operative time was comparable to that of similar open procedures and intraoperative blood loss was minimal.


CONCLUSIONS
Laparoscopy may be used as a successful adjunct in complex pediatric reconstructive procedures to minimize disfiguring and morbid upper abdominal incisions, and decrease the risk of future adhesions.
James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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Hedican
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Schulam
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Docimo
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012447:Sacrum / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D016135:Spinal Dysraphism / Q000601:surgery*; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000601:surgery*