title: Long-lasting contamination of a vitrectomy apparatus with Serratia marcescens.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the contamination of a vitrectomy apparatus with Serratia marcescens.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive microbiological and molecular environmental study.
  
  
  METHODS
  An 1,800-bed university hospital.
  
  
  RESULTS
  S. marcescens was found inside the vitrectomy apparatus at the pressure transducer. Molecular typing by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-automated laser fluorescence analysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis identified a single pattern for all strains isolated from the apparatus. Surprisingly, the contaminating strain was identical to two strains of S. marcescens isolated nearly 2 years earlier from two patients who were involved in a small outbreak of acute postoperative endophthalmitis following cataract surgery at another hospital. The emergency vitrectomies in these patients were performed at our hospital with the same apparatus that was found to be contaminated 2 years later.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Performing a systematic environmental search for the assumed bacterial reservoir within the system of the vitrectomy apparatus finally made it possible to find and eliminate the nidus for the gram-negative rod. Molecular typing demonstrated that all isolates belonged to a single genotype, and revealed unexpectedly a link to two vitrectomies performed 2 years earlier. The data support the hypothesis that the source of the contamination was one of these patients, and thus contamination of the apparatus was present for almost 2 years.
authors: Institute of Environmental Medicine and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany.
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Kappstein
authors: C M
authors: CM
authors: Schneider
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Grundmann
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Scholz
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Janknecht
mesh_terms: D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D004197:Disease Reservoirs; D004866:Equipment Contamination; D005858:Germany; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D019105:Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique; D012706:Serratia marcescens / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014821:Vitrectomy / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial