title: The management of inferior vena cava obstruction complicating metastatic germ cell tumors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inferior vena cava obstruction (IVCO) is a poorly characterized complication of metastatic germ cell tumor (GCT). The authors identified 31 cases to describe the clinical features, radiologic findings, complications, and treatment of this clinical entity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with GCT and IVCO were identified from case records of a GCT database. The records of 333 male patients with metastatic GCT (27% with seminoma and 73% with nonseminomatous GCTs) were screened for either clinical or computed tomography (CT) scan evidence of inferior vena cava compression or involvement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-one patients were identified (9.3% of patients with metastatic GCT). Common presenting symptoms were leg swelling and dilated abdominal wall veins. Approximately 29% of patients had thromboembolic complications and there was a single case of fatal pulmonary embolism. Nine patients had no clinical features at presentation but either had CT scan evidence of IVCO or developed symptoms during treatment. Right-sided testicular primary tumors were associated more frequently with IVCO compared with left-sided primary tumors (14% vs. 4% of cases of metastatic GCT, respectively). All patients had an abdominal mass measuring > 5 cm in maximum transverse dimension.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors recommend careful clinical and radiologic evaluation for the presence of IVCO in cases of bulky metastatic GCT. A high index of suspicion must accompany the evaluation of a patient with a right-sided primary testicular tumor and a paracaval abdominal mass measuring > 5 cm in maximum transverse dimension. When IVCO is identified, prophylactic anticoagulation is recommended.
authors: Wessex Medical Oncology Unit, Royal South Hants Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Hassan
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Tung
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Weeks
authors: G M
authors: GM
authors: Mead
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018236:Carcinoma, Embryonal / Q000150:complications / Q000556:secondary; D002822:Choriocarcinoma / Q000150:complications / Q000556:secondary; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D018237:Germinoma / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000556:secondary; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D011379:Prognosis; D011859:Radiography; D012186:Retroperitoneal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D018239:Seminoma / Q000150:complications / Q000556:secondary; D018243:Teratocarcinoma / Q000150:complications / Q000556:secondary; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants