title: Bowel management in children and adolescents with spinal cord injury.
abstract: There is little in the literature regarding bowel management in children and adolescents with spinal cord injuries (SCI). This study was undertaken to examine specific patterns of bowel care, individual levels of satisfaction with bowel management, the incidence of incontinence in this population, and effects on lifestyle because of time commitment and dependence in bowel management. Surveys were sent to all persons (n = 45) under age 19 with a diagnosis of SCI who had received care at our medical center since 1985. Thirty-one subjects (69 percent) returned the surveys. The average age at injury was 8.1 years, with an average follow-up period of 3.9 years. Fifty-five percent were individuals with tetraplegia and 77 percent had a complete injury (ASIA Class A). A bowel management program, including medications or manual manipulation, was required for 81 percent of the subjects; only two were independent in their bowel management. Over half of the subjects performed evening bowel care and over half performed their care daily. Digital stimulation tended to be used more commonly by younger children. Medications, either oral, rectal, or both, were used by 88 percent. Sixty percent of the subjects reported they were completely or very satisfied with their bowel management. About half the subjects had limited freedom because of their bowel programs, which caused some dissatisfaction. Sixty-eight percent reported occasional or frequent interference with school activities because of their bowel programs. No correlation was found between bowel accidents and satisfaction with bowel management, despite the fact that almost 84 percent of the children reported at least rare accidents. Lifestyle limitations, bowel accidents, dependence in bowel management, and subject and family dissatisfaction continue to be significant problems for children and adolescents with SCI.
authors: Veterans Administration North Texas Health Care System, Dallas 75216, USA.
authors: L L
authors: LL
authors: Goetz
authors: E A
authors: EA
authors: Hurvitz
authors: V S
authors: VS
authors: Nelson
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Waring
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003710:Demography; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007422:Intestines / Q000294:innervation*; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications*