title: Neuregulin is a mitogen and survival factor for olfactory bulb ensheathing cells and an isoform is produced by astrocytes.
abstract: The rat olfactory bulb is an exceptional CNS tissue. Unlike other areas of the brain, growing axons are able to enter the olfactory bulb and extend within this CNS environment throughout adult life. It appears that the glial cells of the olfactory system, known as olfactory bulb ensheathing cells (OBECs), may have an important role in this remarkable process of CNS neural regeneration. OBECs are unusual glial cells, possessing properties of both astrocytes and Schwann cells. In this study we show that astrocytes (in the form of astrocyte-conditioned medium; ACM) produce two critical regulatory functions for OBECs: mitogenic activity and a survival factor. Interestingly, the ACM-derived activity for OBECs appears to reside in a signalling protein(s) belonging to the neuregulin (NRG) family of growth factors, and specifically appears to coincide with one or more products of the nrg-1 gene. Our observations provide evidence for the following: recombinant human neu differentiation factors (NDFbeta1, -2 and -3) are mitogenic to OBECs; the activity in ACM can be neutralized by NDF antibodies; these same antibodies detect a 50-kDa, non-heparin binding protein in concentrated ACM; astrocytes express detectable nrg-1 transcripts; and OBECs express functional NRG receptors erbB2 and erbB4.
authors: Department of Neurology, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom. gpma37@udcf.gla.ac.uk
authors: G S
authors: GS
authors: Pollock
authors: I A
authors: IA
authors: Franceschini
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Graham
authors: M A
authors: MA
authors: Marchionni
authors: S C
authors: SC
authors: Barnett
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000925:Anticoagulants; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000032:analysis; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D006493:Heparin; D006801:Humans; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D007536:Isomerism; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D020880:Neuregulins; D009830:Olfactory Bulb / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000032:analysis; D020893:Receptor, ErbB-3; D066247:Receptor, ErbB-4; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012583:Schwann Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D017186:Titrimetry
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D006023:Glycoproteins; D006493:Heparin; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D020880:Neuregulins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D020893:Receptor, ErbB-3; D066247:Receptor, ErbB-4; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C587689:ERBB4 protein, human; C587691:Erbb4 protein, rat