title: Percutaneous cholecystostomy in acute cholecystitis in high-risk patients: an analysis of 69 patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Optimal treatment of acute cholecystitis in high-risk patients with acute cholecystitis continues to be a difficult therapeutic problem. With the development of more advanced radiological imaging techniques, percutaneous cholecystostomy (PCS) has been presented as an effective treatment alternative in critically ill patients. This paper reports our experiences of percutaneous cholecystostomy in the treatment of acute cholecystitis in a well defined high-risk patient group.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data concerning 69 high-risk patients with acute cholecystitis treated by percutaneous cholecystostomy in Oulu University Hospital and Kokkola Central Hospital were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ultrasound showed gallbladder stones in 71% (49/69) of the patients and 29% of them presented with acalculous cholecystitis. After PCS, pain diminished in 94% (61/65), fever in 90% (35/39), CRP values in 87% (53/61) and leucocyte count in 84% (46/55) of the patients. Before PCS, the CRP value was 132+/-106 mg/l and after PCS 79+/-73 mg/l (P = 0.001) and corresponding leucocyte counts were 14.7+/-5.0 and 9.3+/-3.2 (P = 0.001), respectively. The antegrade cholecystocholangiography was performed in 29 patients after PCS, and common bile duct stones were detected in 8 patients; these stones were treated by endoscopic papillotomy. Complications after PCS occurred in 17 patients (26%), but only two patients required emergency laparotomy. Mortality was 19% (13/69). Acute cholecystitis alone was the cause of death in only three patients. Mostly, fatal outcome was caused by the serious underlying diseases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to our results, PCS should be the method of choice in high-risk patients with acute cholecystitis.
authors: Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, Finland.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Kiviniemi
authors: J T
authors: JT
authors: Mäkelä
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Autio
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Tikkakoski
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Leinonen
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Siniluoto
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Perälä
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Päivänsalo
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Merikanto
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002764:Cholecystitis / Q000601:surgery*; D002767:Cholecystostomy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011677:Punctures; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors