title: Bilateral laparoscopic ovariectomy in standing mares: 22 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe a technique for laparoscopic bilateral ovariectomy in standing mares and report the outcome of 22 clinical cases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 22 mares between 4 and 23 years of age, weighing between 360 and 600 kg.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mares with normal ovaries, as determined by palpation per rectum, were restrained in standing stocks and sedated with detomidine (0.01 to 0.02 mg/kg intravenously [i.v.]) and butorphanol (0.01 to 0.02 mg/kg i.v.). The laparoscope and instrument insertion sites were infiltrated with 2% lidocaine before incision. One laparoscope portal and two instrument portals were located in each paralumbar fossa. Ovariectomy was accomplished by intracorporeal dissection and ligation of the ovarian pedicles. The two instrument portals in each flank were ultimately connected resulting in a 4 to 5 cm laparotomy to facilitate ovarian removal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No major operative or postoperative complications occurred. Minor complications included incomplete hemostasis of an ovarian pedicle with a single ligature (three mares), transient inappetence, pyrexia and incisional infection. Owner satisfaction and cosmetic results were considered excellent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Standing laparoscopic ovariectomy appears to eliminate many of the potential complications associated with traditional surgical methods for ovariectomy and avoids the risk of general anesthesia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This technique requires minimal laparoscopic instrumentation and will provide surgeons with an alternative approach for bilateral ovariectomy in mares.
authors: Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital and the Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California-Davis, 95616, USA.
authors: C A
authors: CA
authors: Hanson
authors: L D
authors: LD
authors: Galuppo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006736:Horses / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D010052:Ovariectomy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000662:veterinary; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome