title: Smoking status and outcome after primary coronary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Because of the increased propensity of intracoronary thrombi to form in cigarette smokers, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTCA) for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) may be less effective in smokers. We sought to determine the impact of smoking status on outcome after PTCA for AMI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients enrolled in the GUSTO IIb Angioplasty Substudy were randomly assigned to receive PTCA or tissue-plasminogen activator (tPA) for AMI. The interaction of smoking status (nonsmokers = 344, former smokers = 294, current smokers = 490) and treatment strategy with the occurrence of death, nonfatal reinfarction, or nonfatal, disabling stroke at 30 days was analyzed. Procedural success (residual stenosis <50% and Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction [TIMI] flow grade 3) was also analyzed for patients who underwent PTCA (n = 444).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among patients who underwent PTCA, nonsmokers had worse percent stenosis of the culprit lesion before reperfusion (P =.03) and more often had TIMI flow grade 0 (P <.05). Procedural success was more common in smokers (65.6%) than in former smokers (53.3%) and nonsmokers (52. 4%; P =.02), reflecting a higher rate of postprocedure TIMI 3 flow. PTCA was associated with a better 30-day outcome than tPA for current smokers (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 0.41 [0.19 to 0.88]), with a similar trend for former smokers (0.73 [0.34 to 1. 58]) and nonsmokers (0.77 [0.42 to 1.40]). At 6 months, smokers randomly assigned to PTCA also had fewer deaths and reinfarction (0. 58 [0.31 to 1.07]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although smoking status affects angiographic variables before and after PTCA for AMI, PTCA is associated with a better 30-day outcome than tPA regardless of smoking status and should be considered when readily available.
authors: Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Hasdai
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Lerman
authors: C S
authors: CS
authors: Rihal
authors: D A
authors: DA
authors: Criger
authors: K N
authors: KN
authors: Garratt
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Betriu
authors: H D
authors: HD
authors: White
authors: E J
authors: EJ
authors: Topol
authors: C B
authors: CB
authors: Granger
authors: S G
authors: SG
authors: Ellis
authors: R M
authors: RM
authors: Califf
authors: D R
authors: DR
authors: Holmes
mesh_terms: D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006493:Heparin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D024764:Hirudin Therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000628:therapy*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012907:Smoking; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D006493:Heparin; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator