Replacement of streptomycin by ethambutol in the intensive phase of tuberculosis treatment: no effect on compliance.
METHODS
Seven tuberculosis clinics in the National Tuberculosis Programme of Madagascar.


OBJECTIVE
To compare the treatment efficacy and tolerance of regimens including either streptomycin or ethambutol for patient compliance during initial treatment of smear-positive tuberculosis.


METHODS
The 1023 patients included in the study were randomly divided into two treatment groups-one to receive streptomycin (S), isoniazid (H), rifampicin (R) and pyrazinamide (Z) (SHRZ), and the other to receive EHRZ, where streptomycin was replaced by ethambutol (E). During the 2-month intensive phase, drug delivery was completely supervised. The same 6-month continuation regimen was then given in both groups. Follow-up consisted of a clinical and bacteriological examination at the end of the second, fifth and eighth months.


RESULTS
There was no significant difference between the two regimens as regards compliance with treatment, the number of patients lost or who died, or for bacteriological response during the intensive phase. EHRZ was better tolerated. During the continuation phase, the results of the two groups remained comparable, but treatment failures occurred earlier in the patients who had received streptomycin.


CONCLUSIONS
Patient compliance was not better with streptomycin. The ethambutol-containing regimen was as efficient as the other, and better tolerated. There is no argument for preferring streptomycin in the intensive phase of treatment of smear-positive tuberculosis.
Rabarijaona
L
L
Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo.
Boisier
P
P
Ratsirahonana
O
O
Razafinimanana
J
J
Rakotomanana
F
F
Ratsitorahina
M
M
Ramarokoto
H
H
Cauchoix
B
B
Aurégan
G
G
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000904:Antibiotics, Antitubercular / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D004977:Ethambutol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D013307:Streptomycin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy*
D000904:Antibiotics, Antitubercular; D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D004977:Ethambutol; D013307:Streptomycin