title: Neurone-specific enolase and N-acetyl-aspartate as potential peripheral markers of ischaemic stroke.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  After stroke, brain-specific proteins (including neurone-specific enolase) leak into the blood. The question addressed in the present study was whether N-acetyl-aspartate (amino acid derivative localized in cerebral neurones) could also serve as a peripheral marker of ischaemic damage. N-acetyl-aspartate levels were determined in the blood of stroke patients and related to clinical outcome, volume of infarction and to serum neurone-specific enolase.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples from 19 patients (seven women, 12 men, mean age of 73 years, range 56-88 years) were collected during the first 4 days after stroke and analysed for neurone-specific enolase (radioimmunoassay) and/or N-acetyl-aspartate (mass spectrometry). Clinical outcome was assessed using the Glasgow Outcome Score, and volume of infarction was calculated using computerized tomography (CT). Control values of N-acetyl-aspartate, determined in six female and nine male volunteers (mean age 47.4 years; range 28-73 years) were 0.26 +/- 0.02 mumol L-1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The increase in serum N-acetyl-aspartate was highly significant (P < 0.0001) within the first 24 h and at 72 h after stroke and correlated (P < 0.05) with volume of infarction only in patients with a bad prognosis (Glasgow Outcome Score < 5). Serum N-acetyl-aspartate at 24 h and neurone-specific enolase at 72 h were negatively correlated, suggesting that more N-acetyl-aspartate reaches the blood when brain tissue is less irreversibly affected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum N-acetyl-aspartate appears to be an early peripheral marker of ischaemically affected brain neurones, and the ratio of N-acetyl-aspartate to a protein marker, such as NSE, may serve as an index of irreversibility.
authors: Department of Biological Psychiatry, University Hospital Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Stevens
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Jakobs
authors: A E
authors: AE
authors: de Jager
authors: R T
authors: RT
authors: Cunningham
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Korf
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007238:Infarction / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009474:Neurons / Q000201:enzymology; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000097:blood*; D013997:Time Factors; D014054:Tomography
chemical_list: D001224:Aspartic Acid; C000179:N-acetylaspartate; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase