title: Effects of wave reflection timing on left ventricular mechanics.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate how the timing of the pressure pulse produced by peripheral reflection affects the left ventricle (stroke volume, ventricular work, coronary driving pressure). Ten isolated perfused rabbit hearts were attached to rubber tubes of different lengths (0.5, 0.8 and 1 m) connected to a hydraulic resistance. The different lengths produced reflections at different times and the reflected pulse returned to the ventricle in early (at 84 ms), middle (at 134 ms) and late systole (at 168 ms) for the three tubes, respectively. The loading parameters (ventricular filling pressure and hydraulic resistance) were not changed during the procedure. Ventricular and aortic pressure and aortic flow were monitored continuously and recorded; cardiac cycle was fixed at 800 ms. An operator-independent procedure was used to calculate instantaneous and total systolic external work, mean diastolic aorto-ventricular pressure difference and ventricular stroke volume.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean value of stroke volume for the three different length rubber tubes was 320 +/- 71, 348 +/- 77 and 368 +/- 87 microliters, respectively. The mean value of total external work was 20.3 +/- 8.3, 22.5 +/- 8.8 and 24.2 +/- 9.6 mJ, respectively. The mean aortoventricular pressure difference was 40 +/- 12, 46 +/- 13, 50 +/- 14 mmHg, respectively (1 mmHg = 133 Pa). The differences between the parameters measured in the three conditions were statistically significant (p < 0.05). A reduction of reflection timing, reduces, on a pure mechanical basis, cardiac output and external ventricular work and has a negative effect on coronary driving pressure.
authors: Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Bologna, Italy.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Zannoli
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Schiereck
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Celletti
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Branzi
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Magnani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000502:physiology; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D011817:Rabbits; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology*