title: Essential role of alveolar macrophages in intrapulmonary activation of NF-kappaB.
abstract: Acute inflammatory injury in rat lung induced by deposition of immunoglobulin G immune complexes requires expression of cytokines and chemokines as well as activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB. There is little direct evidence regarding the role of alveolar macrophages in these activation events. In the present studies, rat lungs were depleted of alveolar macrophages by airway instillation of liposome-encapsulated dichloromethylene diphosphonate. These procedures, which greatly reduced the number of retrievable alveolar macrophages, suppressed activation of lung NF-kappaB in the inflammatory model. In addition, bronchoalveolar lavage levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and the CXC chemokine, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, were substantially reduced. In parallel, upregulation of the lung vascular adhesion molecule, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, was greatly reduced by intrapulmonary instillation of phosphonate-containing liposomes. Neutrophil accumulation and development of lung injury were also substantially diminished. Lung instillation of TNF-alpha in alveolar macrophage-depleted rats restored the NF-kappaB activation response in whole lung. These data suggest that, in this inflammatory model, initial activation of NF-kappaB occurs in alveolar macrophages and the ensuing production of TNF-alpha may propagate NF-kappaB activation to other cell types in the lung.
authors: Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA. ablent01@ulkyvm.louisville.edu
authors: A B
authors: AB
authors: Lentsch
authors: B J
authors: BJ
authors: Czermak
authors: N M
authors: NM
authors: Bless
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Van Rooijen
authors: P A
authors: PA
authors: Ward
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000936:Antigen-Antibody Complex; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000276:immunology; D002199:Capillary Permeability; D002460:Cell Line; D054426:Chemokine CXCL2; D002630:Chemotactic Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D015846:Monokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000502:physiology*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000503:physiopathology; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000936:Antigen-Antibody Complex; D054426:Chemokine CXCL2; D002630:Chemotactic Factors; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D015846:Monokines; D016328:NF-kappa B; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D009195:Peroxidase