title: Hormone replacement therapy in perimenopause: effect of a low dose oral contraceptive preparation on bone quantitative ultrasound characteristics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to assess the effects of a combined oral contraceptive (OC) preparation on bone quantitative ultrasound and biochemical markers of bone metabolism in perimenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bone biochemical markers and bone quantitative ultrasound were evaluated in a longitudinal 2-year follow-up study conducted in healthy, normally menstruating perimenopausal women, perimenopausal oligomenorrheic women, and age-matched oral contraceptive-treated women (20 micrograms of ethinyl estradiol plus 0.15 mg desogestrel). The results were analyzed by factorial or repeated-measures analysis of variance, as appropriate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In normal women, there were no significant modifications in menstrual cycle, plasma FSH and estradiol levels, biochemical markers of bone turnover, and bone quantitative ultrasound. Conversely, in oligomenorrheic women, an increase in the cycle length with a concomitant rise in circulating plasma FSH and parallel decrease of plasma estradiol levels was evident. In this group, an increase in both urinary excretion of hydroxyproline and plasma osteocalcin levels paralleled a decrease in bone quantitative ultrasound. In perimenopausal OC-treated women, the pattern of osteocalcin and urinary excretion of hydroxyproline showed a slight decrease, whereas bone quantitative ultrasound did not show any significant modification.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Perimenopausal OC administration can prevent the increase in bone turnover and the decrease in bone quantitative ultrasound that follow the perimenopausal impairment of ovarian function.
authors: Department of Reproductive Medicine and Child Development, University of Pisa, Italy.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Gambacciani
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Cappagli
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Ciaponi
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Benussi
authors: A R
authors: AR
authors: Genazzani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D003280:Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017135:Desogestrel / Q000627:therapeutic use; D045166:Estradiol Congeners / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy; D006801:Humans; D006909:Hydroxyproline / Q000652:urine; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008875:Middle Aged; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000652:urine; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000652:urine; D017697:Premenopause / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012016:Reference Values; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D003280:Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic; D045166:Estradiol Congeners; D015675:Osteocalcin; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; D017135:Desogestrel; D006909:Hydroxyproline