title: Evaluation of a technique to occlude the internal carotid artery of horses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate an occlusion technique for the internal carotid artery of horses using an intravascular, detachable, self-sealing, latex balloon distally and ligatures proximally.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six healthy adult horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  In each horse, the left internal carotid artery was occluded by placement of an intravascular, detachable, self-sealing, latex balloon distally and two ligatures proximally. Radiographs were taken on days 2, 5, 10, and 30 after surgery to evaluate balloon inflation and position. Endoscopic examination of the left guttural pouch was performed 10 days after surgery to evaluate the integrity of the internal carotid artery and surrounding tissues. At 30 days, the left and right, common, internal, and external carotid arteries were examined grossly and then processed for histologic evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immediate and long-term occlusion of the left internal carotid artery was achieved in all horses. The surgical procedure was technically straightforward and no intraoperative or postoperative complications were encountered. The balloons remained inflated and in their original position throughout the study. Maturing to mature, organized thrombi were present in the left internal carotid artery in all horses at 30 days. The cerebral arterial circle and common carotid artery were patent at their junctions with the internal carotid artery in all horses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of an intravascular, detachable, self-sealing, latex balloon distally and ligatures proximally is an effective technique for occluding the internal carotid artery of horses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This technique may be useful for prevention of fatal hemorrhage in horses with lesions of the internal carotid artery.
authors: Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland Regional College Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, USA.
authors: H S
authors: HS
authors: Cheramie
authors: R S
authors: RS
authors: Pleasant
authors: J L
authors: JL
authors: Robertson
authors: H D
authors: HD
authors: Moll
authors: C B
authors: CB
authors: Carrig
authors: D E
authors: DE
authors: Freeman
authors: M E
authors: ME
authors: Jensen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D002404:Catheterization / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D006736:Horses / Q000601:surgery*; D008026:Ligation / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D011859:Radiography; D016896:Treatment Outcome