title: Tuberculous stenosis of the left main bronchus: results of treatment with balloons and metallic stents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the results of treatment with balloon dilation and metallic Z stents in patients with tuberculous stenosis of the left main bronchus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen patients with tuberculous stenosis of the left main bronchus were treated with balloon (n = 15) and self-expanding metallic Z stents (n = 4). Respiratory status and pulmonary function tests were followed up for 2-90 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the balloon group, improvements in dyspnea occurred in 73% (11 of 15 patients) immediately, 73% after 1 month, 73% after 6 months, 64% after 1 year, 64% after 3 years, and 42% after 6 years (Kaplan-Meier method). Improvement of pulmonary function (FEV1 or FVC) was achieved in 62% (eight of 13) after 1 year. In the stent group, immediate improvements of dyspnea or pulmonary function occurred in all patients. However, fracture of the stents occurred in two patients, at 4 and 18 months, respectively. Occlusion of the lumen of the stent by granulation tissue occurred in another at 18 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Balloon dilation can be an effective method for the treatment of tuberculous stenosis of the main bronchus. Metallic Z stents should be used cautiously because of their problems of mechanical durability and overgrowth of granulation tissue.
authors: Department of Radiology and the Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Korea.
authors: K W
authors: KW
authors: Lee
authors: J G
authors: JG
authors: Im
authors: J K
authors: JK
authors: Han
authors: T K
authors: TK
authors: Kim
authors: J H
authors: JH
authors: Park
authors: K M
authors: KM
authors: Yeon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001982:Bronchial Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D001995:Bronchography; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D002404:Catheterization; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology