title: 4-Hydroxy-2(E)-nonenal inhibits CNS mitochondrial respiration at multiple sites.
abstract: A destructive cycle of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction is proposed in neurodegenerative disease. Lipid peroxidation, one outcome of oxidative challenge, can lead to the formation of 4-hydroxy-2(E)-nonenal (HNE), a lipophilic alkenal that forms stable adducts on mitochondrial proteins. In this study, we characterized the effects of HNE on brain mitochondrial respiration. We used whole rat brain mitochondria and concentrations of HNE comparable to those measured in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Our results showed that HNE inhibited respiration at multiple sites. Complex I-linked and complex II-linked state 3 respirations were inhibited by HNE with IC50 values of approximately 200 microM HNE. Respiration was apparently diminished owing to the inhibition of complex III activity. In addition, complex II activity was reduced slightly. The lipophilicity and adduction characteristics of HNE were responsible for the effects of HNE on respiration. The inhibition of respiration was not prevented by N-acetylcysteine or aminoguanidine. Studies using mitochondria isolated from porcine cerebral cortex also demonstrated an inhibition of complex I- and complex II-linked respiration. Thus, in neurodegenerative disease, oxidative stress may impair mitochondrial respiration through the production of HNE.
authors: Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.
authors: M J
authors: MJ
authors: Picklo
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Amarnath
authors: J O
authors: JO
authors: McIntyre
authors: D G
authors: DG
authors: Graham
authors: T J
authors: TJ
authors: Montine
mesh_terms: D000447:Aldehydes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D019069:Cell Respiration / Q000187:drug effects; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D042963:Electron Transport Complex II; D014450:Electron Transport Complex III / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology*; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000378:metabolism; D016660:NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone) / Q000378:metabolism; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000201:enzymology; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013385:Succinate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D042963:Electron Transport Complex II; D013385:Succinate Dehydrogenase; D016660:NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone); D014450:Electron Transport Complex III; C027576:4-hydroxy-2-nonenal