title: Unexpected effect of verapamil on oral bioavailability of the beta-blocker talinolol in humans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantitate the effect of verapamil administered orally, a calcium channel blocker and potent inhibitor of P-glycoprotein on oral pharmacokinetics of the beta1-adrenergic receptor antagonist talinolol, a substrate of P-glycoprotein.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomized, crossover placebo-controlled study, oral pharmacokinetics of talinolol (50 mg) after concomitant administration of single doses of R-verapamil (120 mg) or placebo were investigated in 9 healthy volunteers. Concentrations of talinolol, verapamil, and its main metabolite norverapamil were measured in serum with HPLC. Concentrations of talinolol were also measured in urine by HPLC. Standard pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with noncompartmental procedures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The area under the concentration-time curve for talinolol from 0 to 24 hours was significantly decreased after R-verapamil versus placebo (721+/-231 ng x h x mL(-1) versus 945+/-188 ng x h x mL(-1); P < .01). Maximum serum concentration of talinolol was reached significantly earlier after R-verapamil compared with placebo (P < .05). Coadministration of R-verapamil did not affect the renal clearance or half-life of talinolol. Serum pharmacokinetics are paralleled by the results derived from urine concentrations of talinolol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study to show a decreased oral bioavailability of a P-glycoprotein substrate (talinolol) in humans as a result of coadministration of verapamil. This effect is assumed to be caused by changes of the intestinal net absorption of talinolol because its renal clearance remains unaffected by administration of R-verapamil. This unexpected effect of R-verapamil is most likely dose dependent as a result of an interplay between intestinal P-glycoprotein and gut metabolism.
authors: Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology, Dresden, Germany. uschwarz@rcs.urz.tu-dresden.de
authors: U I
authors: UI
authors: Schwarz
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Gramatté
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Krappweis
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Berndt
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Oertel
authors: O
authors: O
authors: von Richter
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Kirch
mesh_terms: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000328:Adult; D001682:Biological Availability; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012016:Reference Values; D014700:Verapamil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D011412:Propanolamines; C011550:talinolol; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D014700:Verapamil; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; C104464:CYP3A protein, human; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A