title: Use of an agent to reduce scattering in skin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A method to increase light transport deeply into target areas of tissue would enhance both therapeutic and diagnostic laser applications. The effects of a hyperosmotic agent on the scattering properties of rat and hamster skin were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  A hyperosmotic agent, glycerol, was applied in vitro and in vivo to rat and hamster skin to assess the changes in tissue optical properties. Changes in the reduced scattering coefficient after application of the agent in vitro to rat skin and after the skin has been rehydrated were assessed to evaluate the effect of the agent on tissue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Experimental results showed a transient change in the optical properties of in vitro rat skin. A 50% increase in transmittance and decrease in diffuse reflectance occurred within 5-10 min after the introduction of anhydrous glycerol. In addition, reduction of light scattering with this technique increased depth of visibility with optical coherence tomography. Injection of glycerol under the skin allowed in vivo visualization of blood vessels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The application of the agent reduces the amount of refractive mismatch found in the tissue and markedly reduces random scattering, thereby making the skin less turbid for visible wavelengths for a controlled period of time.
authors: Biomedical Engineering Program, The University of Texas at Austin, 78712, USA. gvargas@mail.utexas.edu
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Vargas
authors: E K
authors: EK
authors: Chan
authors: J K
authors: JK
authors: Barton
authors: H G
authors: HG
authors: Rylander
authors: A J
authors: AJ
authors: Welch
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D006224:Cricetinae; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005990:Glycerol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007834:Lasers; D008647:Mesocricetus; D055095:Optics and Photonics; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects*
chemical_list: D005990:Glycerol