title: The photic sneeze reflex and ocular anesthesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Intravenous sedation to minimize discomfort from local anesthetic injection has many potential complications including severe involuntary sneezing (i.s.). This prospective study evaluates the occurrence of i.s. and a history of photic sneezing (p.s.).
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients receiving local anesthesia (retrobulbar or periocular injections) after intravenous thiopentone for eye surgery during eight months were asked about p.s. and observed for i.s.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 557 patients (40% males) had a mean age of 69.9 years and 14% recalled p.s. (29.5% males). I.s. developed in 5.2% of the 557. Only 7.6% of those with p.s. developed i.s. After periocular injections 23.8% developed as compared to 4.5% after retrobulbar injections. (P < 0.001). There was no relationship between p.s. and i.s. (p = 0.43).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  I.s. is not linked to p.s., with males and females at equal risk for either. I.s. is more common after periocular injections.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Chattanooga Unit, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee, USA.
authors: I F
authors: IF
authors: Wessels
authors: D A
authors: DA
authors: Wessels
authors: G J
authors: GJ
authors: Zimmerman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008027:Light; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009915:Orbit; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012018:Reflex / Q000187:drug effects*; D012912:Sneezing / Q000187:drug effects*; D013874:Thiopental / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D013874:Thiopental