title: Evaluation of the potential immunotoxicity of bromodichloromethane in rats and mice.
abstract: In the past two decades, concern has been expressed over the potential carcinogenicity of disinfection by-products (DBPs) found in chlorinated drinking water. More recently, research efforts have expanded to include noncancer endpoints as well. The objective of the present studies was to evaluate the potential of bromodichloromethane (BDCM), one of the most prevalent DBPs, to adversely affect immune function in mice and rats following drinking water or gavage exposure. Antigen-specific immunity was assessed as the antibody response to sheep erythrocytes; responses to T- and B-cell mitogens were evaluated as a non-antigen-specific measure of the proliferative potential of splenic and mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes. In consideration of an exposure route relevant to humans, C57BL/6 mice received 0.05, 0.25, or 0.5 g BDCM/L and F344 rats received 0.07 or 0.7 g BDCM/L via drinking water. In order to evaluate the effects of higher doses, animals were administered 50, 125, or 250 mg BDCM/kg/d (mice) or 75, 150, or 300 mg BDCM/kg/d (rats) via gavage. Under the conditions of these studies, no significant adverse effects on immune function were observed in mice. Despite some changes that were observed in non-antigen-specific immunity in rats, these experiments suggest that the immune system is not a sensitive target organ for BDCM toxicity.
authors: Bureau of Environmental Health Assessment, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, USA.
authors: A S
authors: AS
authors: French
authors: C B
authors: CB
authors: Copeland
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Andrews
authors: W C
authors: WC
authors: Wiliams
authors: M M
authors: MM
authors: Riddle
authors: R W
authors: RW
authors: Luebke
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000187:drug effects; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006846:Hydrocarbons, Halogenated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000187:drug effects; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008934:Mitogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D012756:Sheep / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D022882:Trihalomethanes
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D006846:Hydrocarbons, Halogenated; D008934:Mitogens; D022882:Trihalomethanes; C025191:bromodichloromethane