title: Cytolysis following chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lipiodolized chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can induce fever and cytolysis, defined as an increase in serum levels of liver transaminases, which is frequently assumed to result from tumour necrosis. This study aimed to assess the causes of this syndrome, reviewing preoperative data, intraoperative findings, tumour necrosis and the status of non-tumorous liver.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study was undertaken of 29 patients treated by neoadjuvant lipiodolized chemoembolization before surgical resection of HCC. Tumour necrosis was assessed in the resected specimen and scored in four stages: absent, 50 per cent or less, more than 50 per cent, and complete. The status of non-tumorous liver parenchyma was classified as either fibrotic or cirrhotic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cytolysis occurred following chemoembolization in 16 patients and was associated with fever in 11. Postchemoembolization cytolysis with or without fever was more likely to develop in patients with minor fibrotic changes than in those with cirrhosis (14 of 21 with fibrosis versus two of four with cirrhosis, P < 0.05). In contrast, the extent of tumour necrosis did not correlate with the occurrence of symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that fever and cytolysis following chemoembolization of HCC are an indication not of tumour necrosis but of injury to the non-tumorous liver.
authors: Department of Digestive Surgery, Hôpital Beaujon, University Paris VII, Clichy, France.
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Paye
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Farges
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Dahmane
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Vilgrain
authors: J F
authors: JF
authors: Flejou
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Belghiti
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D005334:Fever / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007459:Iodized Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000473:pathology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009336:Necrosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015275:Tumor Lysis Syndrome / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D007459:Iodized Oil