title: Morphine tolerance in arthritic rats and serotonergic system.
abstract: To understand whether chronic inflammation alters the development of morphine tolerance, the tail-flick test was used to evaluate the analgesic effect of morphine (75 mg tablet, s.c.) in the arthritic rats at the day 9-12 after the inoculation with Freund's adjuvant. Spinal cord monoamines and amino acid neurotransmitters were concomitantly measured. Chronic inflammation attenuated the antinociceptive effect of morphine as tolerance developed faster in the arthritic rats compared to the vehicle-treated controls. In addition, ratio of 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid/5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HIAA/5-HT) increased in the lumbar spinal cord of arthritic rats without any change in the concentrations of norepinephrine, glutamate, aspartate or GABA. Interestingly, increased serotonin turnover in the spinal cord was observed in both control and arthritic rats 24 hours after morphine treatment. Overall, the results suggest a significant role of serotonin up-regulation in the spinal cord during chronic pain and the development of morphine tolerance.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, Chung-Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, ROC.
authors: J Y
authors: JY
authors: Li
authors: C H
authors: CH
authors: Wong
authors: K S
authors: KS
authors: Huang
authors: K W
authors: KW
authors: Liang
authors: M Y
authors: MY
authors: Lin
authors: P P
authors: PP
authors: Tan
authors: J C
authors: JC
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D005121:Extremities / Q000473:pathology; D006897:Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism*; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D012701:Serotonin; D006897:Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; D009020:Morphine; D009638:Norepinephrine