Dietary supplements and the promotion of muscle growth with resistance exercise.
Nutritional strategies of overfeeding, ingesting carbohydrate/protein before and after exercise, and dietary supplementation of various nutrients [e.g. protein, glutamine, branched-chain amino acid, creatine, leucine, beta-hydroxy beta-methyl-butyrate (beta-HMB), chromium, vanadyl sulfate, boron, prasterone (dehydroepiandrosterone [DHEA]) and androstenedione] have been purported to promote gains in fat-free mass during resistance training. Most studies indicate that chromium, vanadyl sulfate and boron supplementation do not affect muscle growth. However, there is evidence that ingesting carbohydrate/protein prior to exercise may reduce catabolism during exercise and that ingesting carbohydrate/protein following resistance-exercise may promote a more anabolic hormonal profile. Furthermore, glutamine, creatine, leucine, and calcium beta-HMB may affect protein synthesis. Creatine and calcium beta-HMB supplementation during resistance training have been reported to increase fat-free mass in athletic and nonathletic populations. Prasterone supplementation has been reported to increase testosterone and fat-free mass in nontrained populations. However, results are equivocal, studies have yet to be conducted on athletes, and prasterone is considered a banned substance by some athletic organisations. This paper discusses rationale and effectiveness of these nutritional strategies in promoting lean tissue accretion during resistance training.
Kreider
R B
RB
Department of Human Movement Sciences and Education, University of Memphis, Tennessee, USA. kreider.richard@coe.memphis.edu
D045930:Anabolic Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D001895:Boron / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D002857:Chromium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D003401:Creatine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D003687:Dehydroepiandrosterone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005973:Glutamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007930:Leucine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D024510:Muscle Development; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D013739:Testosterone / Q000378:metabolism; D014631:Valerates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D017968:Vanadium Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D014891:Weight Lifting / Q000502:physiology*
D045930:Anabolic Agents; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D014631:Valerates; D017968:Vanadium Compounds; D002857:Chromium; D005973:Glutamine; C004961:beta-hydroxyisovaleric acid; D013739:Testosterone; D003687:Dehydroepiandrosterone; C034028:vanadyl sulfate; D007930:Leucine; D003401:Creatine; D001895:Boron