title: N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-mediated corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) release in cultured rat amygdala neurons.
abstract: Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) plays an important role in the activation of centrally mediated responses to stress. The amygdala, a limbic structure involved in the stress response, has a significant number of CRF cell bodies and CRF receptors. Activation of glutamatergic projections to the amygdala has been implicated in the stress response. Few studies have evaluated neurotransmitter-stimulated CRF release in the amygdala. We measured the effects of glutamate (0.1-1000 microM) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA, 0.1-1000 microM) on CRF release from the amygdala using primary neuronal cultures from embryonic rat brains (E18-19). Experiments were performed after the cultures grew for 17-20 days. CRF was measured using radioimmunoassay. The excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters, glutamate and NMDA, stimulated CRF release in a concentration-dependent manner. The apparent EC50 values for glutamate and NMDA were 17.5 microM and 12 microM, respectively. Consistent with a NMDA receptor-driven event, glutamate-stimulated CRF release was blocked by the NMDA antagonist, 2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (AP-5, 1-100 microM) and antagonized by the addition of 1.2 mM MgCl2 to the incubation medium. These results implicate an inhibition of CRF release in the amygdala as a possible mechanism for the reported anxiolytic effects of NMDA antagonists.
authors: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, West Virginia University, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, Morgantown 26506, USA.
authors: M S
authors: MS
authors: Cratty
authors: D L
authors: DL
authors: Birkle
mesh_terms: D000679:Amygdala / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D008274:Magnesium / Q000378:metabolism; D016202:N-Methylaspartate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D016202:N-Methylaspartate; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; D008274:Magnesium