title: Neurohumoral activations in congestive heart failure: correlations with cardiac function, heart rate variability, and baroreceptor sensitivity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The clinical significance of the determination of heart rate variability and baroreceptor sensitivity relating to cardiac function and neurohumoral factors remains to be established.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We investigated the relation between conventional clinical variables and frequency domain analysis of heart rate variability and baroreceptor sensitivity in 146 patients with heart failure. Cardiac function including left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular dimensions, and left atrial size was different by the plasma atrial natriuretic peptide level but not by the norepinephrine level. The total power and low-frequency power were correlated with plasma norepinephrine, whereas baroreceptor sensitivity was correlated with plasma atrial natriuretic peptide. None of the frequency domain variables and baroreceptor sensitivity was correlated with cardiac function. There was a positive correlation between the low-frequency power and baroreceptor sensitivity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Heart rate variability and baroreceptor sensitivity, which reflect autonomic regulation, may be an indicator independent from cardiac function in patients with heart failure.
authors: Cardiopulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Yoshikawa
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Baba
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Akaishi
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Mitamura
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Ogawa
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Suzuki
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Negishi
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Takahashi
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Murayama
mesh_terms: D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006334:Heart Function Tests; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood*; D011311:Pressoreceptors / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D009638:Norepinephrine