title: Sirolimus (rapamycin) potentiates cyclosporine in prevention of acute lung rejection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cyclosporine-based immunosuppressive regimens (INN: ciclosporin) in human lung transplantation continue to result in a high incidence of acute cellular rejection. We investigated the use of sirolimus, a macrolide with structural similarity to tacrolimus, as monotherapy and in combination with cyclosporine in a rodent lung transplant model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Orthotopic left lung transplantation was performed in Lewis recipients from Brown-Norway donor rats with syngeneic Lewis-to-Lewis controls. Open biopsies were performed on postoperative day 7, and the severity of acute lung rejection was graded by a pathologist blinded to the protocol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All recipients survived despite the amount of acute rejection seen on examination of the biopsy tissue. Lewis-to-Lewis isografts demonstrated near normal pulmonary architecture. Allogeneic recipients receiving high-dose cyclosporine (25 mg/kg) monotherapy showed mild to moderate acute rejection with some perivascular focal interstitial infiltrates. Recipients receiving low-dose cyclosporine (5 mg/kg) monotherapy or low- or high-dose sirolimus (0.5 or 2.0 mg/kg, respectively) monotherapy demonstrated massive cellular infiltration leading to necrosis and infarction and could not be graded. However, the addition of low-dose sirolimus (0.5 mg/kg) to low-dose cyclosporine (5 mg/kg) demonstrated a significant potentiating immunosuppressive effect, and the addition of high-dose sirolimus (2.0 mg/kg) to low-dose cyclosporine (5.0 mg/kg) demonstrated an even greater effect, with rejection scores better than those obtained with high-dose cyclosporine monotherapy and similar to those obtained with isografts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that low-dose sirolimus has a cyclosporine-sparing effect and that a higher dose of sirolimus in combination with cyclosporine strongly protects lung allografts from acute cellular rejection. These results suggest that sirolimus may be indicated as an adjunct to current cyclosporine-based immunosuppressive regimens in clinical lung transplantation.
authors: Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Southern California and Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Longoria
authors: R F
authors: RF
authors: Roberts
authors: C C
authors: CC
authors: Marboe
authors: B C
authors: BC
authors: Stouch
authors: V A
authors: VA
authors: Starnes
authors: M L
authors: ML
authors: Barr
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D011914:Rats, Inbred BN; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D020123:Sirolimus