title: Influence of CO2 laser application to the guinea-pig cochlea on compound action potentials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Experiments in guinea pigs were performed to clarify which, if any, of the CO2 lasers in different modes (continuous wave [cw] and superpulse) can damage the inner ear on application of the laser parameters required for stapedotomy and to determine their application safety.
  
  
  METHODS
  The laser effect connected with perforating the basal convolution of the guinea-pig cochlea (cochleostomy) was examined. Acoustic evoked potentials (compound action potentials [CAPs]) yielded information on inner-ear function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In cw mode, even single applications of an approximately four times higher power density (60,000 W/cm2) than necessary for stapedotomy at a pulse duration of 50 msec (energies up to 1 J) and 20-fold applications of effective parameters for a footplate perforation (power density 16,000 W/cm2; energy 0.2 J) did not cause CAP changes. Experimental studies with the CO2 superpulse laser used (peak pulse powers: ca. 300 W) have demonstrated that irreversible CAP alterations already occur in the effective laser range in > 40% of the animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because damage is expected only at much higher energies (> 2 J) than those used clinically, the CO2 laser in cw mode has a high application safety for laser stapedotomy. The application of the CO2 laser in superpulse mode with peak pulse powers of approximately 300 W in stapedotomy appears to be more unreliable and dangerous for the inner ear.
authors: ENT Department, Benjamin Franklin Medical Center, Free University of Berlin, Germany.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Jovanovic
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Anft
authors: U
authors: U
authors: Schönfeld
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Berghaus
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Scherer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003051:Cochlea / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory; D005260:Female; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D013201:Stapes Surgery
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide