title: Surgical management of progressive pulmonary venous obstruction after repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The occurrence of a progressive pulmonary venous obstruction after the repair of the total anomalous pulmonary venous connection is a severe complication.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of this study were to retrospectively review the patients with this condition and to report our experience with a new surgical technique with a sutureless in situ pericardium repair.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 178 patients who underwent correction of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, 16 patients (9%) experienced the development of a progressive pulmonary venous obstruction in a median interval of 4 months (5 weeks-12 years). Three patients had isolated anastomotic stenosis, 4 patients had isolated pulmonary venous ostial stenosis, and 9 patients had both. Pulmonary venous obstruction was bilateral in 7 patients. The surgical procedures used at reoperation included 8 patch enlargements, 5 ostial endarterectomies, 1 intraoperative stenting, and 7 sutureless in situ pericardium repairs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 4 deaths after reoperation (4 of 15 patients; 27%). The only significant mortality risk factor was the bilateral location of the pulmonary venous obstruction (P =.045). In patients with isolated anastomotic stenosis or with only 1 pulmonary venous ostial stenosis (n = 5), there was no death, except the patient presenting with a single ventricle. In patients with 2 or more pulmonary venous ostial stenoses (n = 10), there were 3 deaths; 5 of the 7 survivors were successfully treated with the in situ pericardial technique, with normalized pulmonary artery pressure at a mean follow-up of 26 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Progressive pulmonary venous stenosis after repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection remains a severe complication when bilateral. The sutureless in situ pericardial repair offers a satisfactory solution, particularly on the right side.
authors: Marie-Lannelongue Hospital, Paris-Sud University,Paris, France.
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Lacour-Gayet
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Zoghbi
authors: A E
authors: AE
authors: Serraf
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Belli
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Piot
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Rey
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Marçon
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Bruniaux
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Planché
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010496:Pericardium / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D011668:Pulmonary Veno-Occlusive Disease / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D013536:Suture Techniques; D013997:Time Factors