title: Role of the vagus nerve in mediating proximal nutrient-induced glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion.
abstract: Plasma levels of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) rise rapidly after nutrient ingestion, suggesting the existence of a proximal gut signal regulating GLP-1 release from the L cells of the distal small intestine. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) has been shown to be one such proximal signal; however, the dependence of GIP on gastrin-releasing peptide, a neuromodulator, suggested a role for the nervous system in this proximal-distal loop. Investigations into the nature of this proximal signal were therefore conducted in an in situ model of the rat gastrointestinal system. Infusions of corn oil into a 10-cm segment of duodenum that was isolated by loose ligation (to ensure that the luminal contents did not progress to the ileal L cell) increased the secretion of GLP-1 in parallel with that of gut glucagon-like immunoreactivity (gGLI; r = 0.85; P < 0.05). Infusion of fat into a transected segment of duodenum also significantly raised gGLI secretion compared with saline infusion, reaching a peak value of 132 +/- 37 pg/ml above basal (P < 0.05). However, peak secretion was significantly delayed when the gut was transected compared with that after ligation alone (19 +/- 4 vs. 6 +/- 1 min, respectively; P < 0.05). Furthermore, bilateral subdiaphragmatic vagotomy in conjunction with gut transection completely abolished the fat-induced rise in gGLI secretion (P < 0.001). Consistent with a role for the vagus in the regulation of the L cell, stimulation of the distal end of the celiac branch of the subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve significantly stimulated the secretion of gGLI to a level of 71 +/- 14 pg/ml above basal (P < 0.05). As found previously, supraphysiological infusion of GIP significantly increased gGLI secretion in control animals by 123 +/- 32 pg/ml (P < 0.05); this was not prevented by hepatic branch vagotomy (96 +/- 25 pg/ml; P < 0.05). In contrast, although infusion of GIP at physiological levels into sham-vagotomized animals also increased gGLI secretion, by 40 +/- 6 pg/ml (P < 0.05), selective hepatic branch vagotomy abolished GIP-induced gGLI secretion (P < 0.05). The results of these experiments therefore demonstrate that the secretion of GLP-1 and gGLI from the ileal L cell in response to fat is regulated by a complex neuroendocrine loop, involving the enteric nervous system, the afferent and efferent vagus nerves, as well as the duodenal hormone GIP.
authors: Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors: A S
authors: AS
authors: Rocca
authors: P L
authors: PL
authors: Brubaker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003314:Corn Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004386:Duodenum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide / Q000494:pharmacology; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D010455:Peptides / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014628:Vagotomy; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010455:Peptides; D011498:Protein Precursors; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; D003314:Corn Oil; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D005934:Glucagon