title: Cellular and biochemical response of the human lung after intrapulmonary instillation of ferric oxide particles.
abstract: Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was used to sample lung cells and biochemical components in the lung air spaces at various times from 1 to 91 d after intrapulmonary instillation of 2.6 microm-diameter iron oxide particles in human subjects. The instillation of particles induced transient acute inflammation during the first day post instillation (PI), characterized by increased numbers of neutrophils and alveolar macrophages as well as increased amounts of protein, lactate dehydrogenase, and interleukin-8 in BAL fluids. This response was subclinical and was resolved within 4 d PI. A similar dose-dependent response was seen in rats 1 d after intratracheal instillation of the same particles. The particles contained small amounts of soluble iron (240 ng/mg) and possessed the capacity to catalyze oxidant generation in vitro. Our findings indicate that the acute inflammation after particle exposure may, at least partially, be the result of oxidant generation catalyzed by the presence of residual amounts of ferric ion, ferric hydroxides, or oxyhydroxides associated with the particles. These findings may have relevance to the acute health effects associated with increased levels of ambient particulate air pollutants.
authors: Center for Environmental Medicine and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7310, USA.
authors: J C
authors: JC
authors: Lay
authors: W D
authors: WD
authors: Bennett
authors: A J
authors: AJ
authors: Ghio
authors: P A
authors: PA
authors: Bromberg
authors: D L
authors: DL
authors: Costa
authors: C S
authors: CS
authors: Kim
authors: H S
authors: HS
authors: Koren
authors: R B
authors: RB
authors: Devlin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D018893:Bronchoalveolar Lavage; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007322:Instillation, Drug; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000032:analysis; D007501:Iron / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000032:analysis; D017997:Leukotriene C4 / Q000032:analysis; D017999:Leukotriene E4 / Q000032:analysis; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D010587:Phagocytosis; D051381:Rats; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005290:Ferric Compounds; D016209:Interleukin-8; C000499:ferric oxide; D017997:Leukotriene C4; D017999:Leukotriene E4; D007501:Iron; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D015232:Dinoprostone