title: Quality control of smear microscopy for acid-fast bacilli: the case for blinded re-reading.
abstract: METHODS
  Quality control of sputum smear microscopy, which is essential for ensuring correct tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis, is often performed through the unblinded rereading of all positive slides and a sample of negative slides.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess misclassification error introduced by knowledge of prior results.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Southern Vietnam Regional TB Laboratory prepared three gold-standard sets of 750 slides: an unblinded set, an unblinded set in which 13% of negative slides were replaced by weakly positive slides purposefully mislabelled as negative, and a blinded set. Six provincial technicians who normally perform district quality control each reread 125 slides from each set.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the three sets only one negative slide was misread as positive. In the unblinded set (referent), 2.9% (9/311) positive slides were misread as negative, compared with 18.7% (57/305) in the blinded set (prevalence ratio [PR] = 6.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.3-12.8; P < 0.001), and 11.3% (33/293) in the unblinded set with mislabelled slides (PR = 3.9; 95%CI 1.9-8.0; P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  False-negative error was more common than false-positive error. Knowledge of prior reading influences re-reading. Blinded re-reading of systematically selected slides would appear preferable, although this method requires high levels of proficiency among quality control technicians.
authors: Pham Ngoc Thach TB and Lung Disease Centre, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
authors: T N
authors: TN
authors: Nguyen
authors: C D
authors: CD
authors: Wells
authors: N J
authors: NJ
authors: Binkin
authors: J E
authors: JE
authors: Becerra
authors: D L
authors: DL
authors: Pham
authors: V C
authors: VC
authors: Nguyen
mesh_terms: D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D006801:Humans; D011786:Quality Control; D013048:Specimen Handling; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology*