title: Whole blood platelet aggregation in humans and animals: a comparative study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many animal species are used to evaluate the performance and blood compatibility of cardiovascular devices, but interspecies differences in platelet activity have not been well characterized. This study measures platelet response to six agonists in human, dog, and calf blood.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used whole blood impedance lumi-aggregometry to measure platelet aggregation and ATP release in blood samples from adult humans (n = 19), mongrel dogs (n = 19), and Holstein calves (n = 7). The agonists were collagen, ristocetin, arachidonic acid, thrombin, and three concentrations of both ADP and epinephrine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only collagen (1 microg/ml) and ADP (5, 10, and 20 microM) caused aggregation and ATP release in all samples. Canine platelets responded to all six agonists at all doses. Human platelets responded to everything except epinephrine at 2 and 100 microM. Bovine platelets responded only to collagen, ADP, and thrombin. In bovine platelets, aggregation from collagen and ATP release from thrombin were significantly lower than the corresponding responses in human and canine blood. The aggregation induced by 10 microM ADP was significantly higher in canine than in human platelets.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Human, canine, and bovine platelets have very different responses to agonists. In these models, collagen (1 microg/ml) and ADP (10 microM) are the agonists of choice for investigating whole blood platelet aggregation because they provide the most consistent results between species. For ATP release, 1 U/ml thrombin is the recommended agonist and the dose for all three species.
authors: Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, USA.
authors: M V
authors: MV
authors: Soloviev
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Okazaki
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Harasaki
mesh_terms: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle; D003094:Collagen / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004285:Dogs; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000502:physiology*; D012310:Ristocetin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013917:Thrombin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D006490:Hemostatics; D012310:Ristocetin; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D003094:Collagen; D013917:Thrombin; D004837:Epinephrine