title: Increased serum levels of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I associated with simultaneous decrease of circulating insulin in postmenopausal women receiving hormone replacement therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Decreases in circulating growth hormone (GH) and its main biological messenger insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) have been interpreted as part of the aging process. Because estrogens participate in modulating GH synthesis and secretion, hypoestrogenism in menopausal women may lead to GH deficiency. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on both GH and IGF-I levels as well as insulin concentrations in 50 menopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were assigned randomly into two treatment groups of 25 each; one group received three cycles of conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) 0.625 mg/day for 21 days, and the other, 1.25 mg/day during 21 days. Each also received chlormadinone acetate for 5 days. There was a control group consisting of regularly menstruating women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the menopausal women, HRT increased significantly (p < 0.001) the low levels of GH and IGF-I; on the contrary the baseline insulin levels declined (p < 0.001) with HRT. A significant linear correlation (r = 0.90) was found between GH and IGF-I as well as with estradiol levels (r = 0.74) in the group of menopausal women receiving CEE 0.625 mg/day. This group of patients had a significant correlation (r = -0.63) between insulin and estradiol levels. No correlation was observed in the group receiving CEE 1.25 mg/day.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HRT restored GH, IGF-I, and insulin levels to normal values in all women. Further research needs to be done to establish the beneficial effect of HRT regarding the prevention of the metabolic effects presumably caused by derangement in the somatotropic axis associated with aging.
authors: Endocrine Research Unit, Hospital de Especialidades, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Fonseca
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Ochoa
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Galván
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Hernández
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Mercado
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Zárate
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002715:Chlormadinone Acetate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003280:Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood* / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis* / Q000187:drug effects; D016014:Linear Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D003280:Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic; D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP); D007328:Insulin; D002715:Chlormadinone Acetate; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I