title: Rectal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 to chimpanzees.
abstract: Inoculation of chimpanzees with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has been used as a model system to define mechanisms of pathogenesis and to test protective efficacy of candidate HIV-1 vaccines. In most of these studies, the animals were inoculated intravenously. However, because HIV-1 is transmitted primarily across mucosal surfaces, future evaluations of vaccines should employ mucosal routes for administering infectious virus to immunized animals. To develop a model of rectal transmission of HIV-1, chimpanzees were exposed without trauma to 4 different HIV-1 strains at doses ranging from 200 to 10,000 TCIDs. Infection, characterized by seroconversion and repeated isolation of virus from lymphocytes, was established in 1 of 5 animals. This animal was sequentially inoculated with a subtype B and then an E strain and was infected with both strains. The results show that rectal exposure of adult chimpanzees to cell-free HIV-1 was not an efficient mode of transmission in this cohort.
authors: Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. pnf@uab.edu
authors: P N
authors: PN
authors: Fultz
authors: Q
authors: Q
authors: Wei
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Yue
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000635:transmission*; D015497:HIV-1; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D008297:Male; D002679:Pan troglodytes; D012007:Rectum / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D000914:Antibodies, Viral