title: Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and cow milk: casein variant consumption.
abstract: Previously published Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus incidence in 0 to 14-year-old children from 10 countries or areas was compared with the national annual cow milk protein consumption. Countries which were selected for study had appropriate milk protein polymorphism studies, herd breed composition information and low dairy imports from other countries. Total protein consumption did not correlate with diabetes incidence (r = +0.402), but consumption of the beta-casein A1 variant did (r = +0.726). Even more pronounced was the relation between beta-casein (A1+B) consumption and diabetes (r = +0.982). These latter two cow caseins yield a bioactive peptide beta-casomorphin-7 after in vitro digestion with intestinal enzymes whereas the common A2 variant or the corresponding human or goat caseins do not. beta-casomorphin-7 has opioid properties including immunosuppression, which could account for the specificity of the relation between the consumption of some but not all beta-casein variants and diabetes incidence.
authors: Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors: R B
authors: RB
authors: Elliott
authors: D P
authors: DP
authors: Harris
authors: J P
authors: JP
authors: Hill
authors: N J
authors: NJ
authors: Bibby
authors: H E
authors: HE
authors: Wasmuth
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D002364:Caseins / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D002417:Cattle; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D004723:Endorphins / Q000737:chemistry; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008892:Milk / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry; D008894:Milk Proteins; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D002364:Caseins; D004723:Endorphins; D008894:Milk Proteins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C041128:beta-casomorphin 7