title: Impaired forearm blood flow and vasodilator reserve in healthy postmenopausal women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The natural process of cessation of ovarian estrogen production is associated with an increasing incidence of cardiovascular disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to determine whether postmenopausal women had menopause-associated vasomotor disturbances develop.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied the vascular forearm function using strain-gauge venous occlusion plethysmography in 12 healthy postmenopausal women (mean age +/- SD, 47 +/- 3 years; time-lapse from menopause >1 year). Twelve premenopausal subjects matched for age and biophysical characteristics were used as a control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences were observed in heart rate or mean blood pressure between the 2 groups of women. Forearm blood flow at supine resting was lower in postmenopausal than in premenopausal women (2.4 +/- 0.8 vs 3.1 +/- 0.5 mL/100 mL/min; P <.05). Local vascular resistance was higher in postmenopausal than in premenopausal women (43.5 +/- 17.5 vs 31.1 +/- 4.3 mm Hg/mL/100 mL/min; P <.05). Moreover, peak forearm flow in response to forearm ischemia was 20.8 +/- 7.9 mL/100 mL/min in postmenopausal women and 26.6 +/- 9.7 mL/100 mL/min in premenopausal women (P <.01). Plasma concentration of noradrenaline in the supine position was significantly higher in postmenopausal than in premenopausal women (286 +/- 22 pg/mL vs 195 +/- 33 pg/mL; P <.01). Finally, a significant positive relation was revealed in postmenopausal women between the amount of vasodilator reserve (D flow) in local peripheral circulation and levels of circulating estradiol-17beta.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Abnormalities observed in forearm blood flow and vasodilator capacity in postmenopausal women may be attributed to a critical loss of the vasodilating property of physiologic estrogen. Our data support the possibility that reduction in dilator capacity of the vasculature may contribute to the increase of cardiovascular disease after menopause.
authors: Institute of Cardiology, University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy. mercuro@pacs.uica.it
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Mercuro
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Longu
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Zoncu
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Cherchi
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004967:Estrogens / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D005542:Forearm / Q000098:blood supply*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D017697:Premenopause / Q000502:physiology; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D014655:Vascular Resistance; D014664:Vasodilation
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D009638:Norepinephrine