title: A new generation of semirigid fiberoptic ureteroscopes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Further advances in endoscope technology have allowed the development of a new generation of tightly packed fiberoptics encased within a rigid ureteroscope. The tips of these semirigid ureteroscopes measure between 5.0F and 11.9F, and their working channels measure between 1.8F and 5.5F, which allows passage of routine endoscopc instruments. Additionally, several manufacturers have recently produced straight-channel fiberoptic semirigid endoscopes with an offset lens which allow usage of rigid lithotripsy devices. New fiber-packing techniques provide numerous pixels within the image bundle. These ureteroscopes have varied distal lens systems, but all have excellent vision in the field of view.
  
  
  METHODS
  Over the past 28 months, we have performed transurethral ureteroscopy in 187 patients, having utilized semirigid ureteroscopes in 158 patients for diagnostic procedures (8.7 %), stone manipulation (78.7 %), removal of migrated stents (4.4%), and surgery of stricture, tumor, or foreign bodies (8.2%). In more than 50% of our cases, ureteral dilation was not necessary, and the semirigid ureteroscope was passed to the area of interest without difficulty.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We accessed the site of pathology in 96.2% of patients. Overall, complications occurred in 6.9% of patients. However, of these problems, 93.6% were small ureteral perforations (only three of which were caused by the semirigid ureteroscope itself), and all cases but one were managed successfully by a ureteral stent. No postoperative strictures were noted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This new generation of semirigid fiberoptic ureteroscopes represents another significant advance in the endourologic management of ureteral disease.
authors: The Comprehensive Kidney Stone Center, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
authors: R F
authors: RF
authors: Ferraro
authors: V E
authors: VE
authors: Abraham
authors: T D
authors: TD
authors: Cohen
authors: G M
authors: GM
authors: Preminger
mesh_terms: D005336:Fiber Optic Technology / Q000639:trends; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014515:Ureteral Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D020709:Ureteroscopes; D018666:Ureteroscopy / Q000639:trends