title: Use of incentives to increase compliance for TB screening in a population of intravenous drug users. Vancouver Injection Drug Use Study Group.
abstract: METHODS
  Intravenous drug users (IDUs) represent a high risk group for dual human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) infection. Screening with TB skin testing has therefore been suggested in this group. Subjects' compliance for returning to have TB skin test results read is a major problem. In the setting of a needle exchange program we evaluated the role of financial incentives to increase compliance.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the role of giving a small financial incentive of Can $5 to subjects if they returned to have their purified protein derivative (PPD) skin test read. IDUs who had previously been skin-tested were compared with IDUs drawn from a similar population who, prospectively, were offered a financial incentive.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the initial period 558 subjects were evaluated and no incentive was offered. During the second phase of the study 549 IDUs were assessed but were also offered Can $5 if they returned to have their skin test read. Use of incentives increased compliance from 43% to 78% (P = 0.001). During the same period three active cases of TB were also diagnosed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We suggest that use of financial incentives can increase the return of IDUs to have their skin tests read. Further studies are required to assess the efficacy of follow-up interventions, especially the use of isoniazid chemoprophylaxis.
authors: British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Society, BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. mfitzgerald@mater.ie
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: FitzGerald
authors: D M
authors: DM
authors: Patrick
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Strathdee
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Rekart
authors: R K
authors: RK
authors: Elwood
authors: M T
authors: MT
authors: Schecter
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Montaner
authors: M
authors: M
authors: O'Shaughnessy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001955:British Columbia; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D010349:Patient Compliance; D012307:Risk Factors; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications*; D014374:Tuberculin Test; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*