title: Establishment and characterization of a human rectal neuroendocrine carcinoma xenograft into nude mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Carcinoid tumor has been recognized as having a much wider spectrum than was previously thought. Now the term 'neuroendocrine carcinoma' (NEC) has been suggested to describe malignant epithelial tumors of neuroendocrine differentiation. Its biological behavior has not been well characterized because of the lack of in vivo models.
  
  
  METHODS
  A metastatic inguinal lymph node from rectal NEC was used for heterotransplantation into nude mice. Histochemical and immunohistochemical stainings were performed in addition to ultrastructural investigations. Hormonal peptides were measured in both xenograft tumor tissue and serum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We succeeded in heterotransplantation of human rectal NEC into nude mice. To date tumorigenicity has been retained for approximately 38 months. The xenograft tumor was a histopathologically identical tumor. The immunohistochemical expression of the various hormonal peptides in the xenograft was essentially the same as that of the primary rectal tumor. Tissue and serum hormonal peptides in the xenografted tumor were measured. Serum glucagon and serotonin were significantly higher than in control mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The expression of various hormonal peptides in NEC may vary depending on the surrounding environment. The establishment of NEC in xenografts provides a model for further study of the biological behavior of NEC, as well as the in vivo effects of chemotherapeutic agents on tumor growth and the release of hormonal peptides.
authors: First Department of Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Tanaka
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Onda
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Seya
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Kanazawa
authors: Z
authors: Z
authors: Naito
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Asano
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Oguro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000473:pathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005934:Glucagon / Q000032:analysis; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000473:pathology*; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D012701:Serotonin / Q000032:analysis; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000032:analysis; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D012701:Serotonin; D013004:Somatostatin; D005934:Glucagon