title: Risk of clot formation in femoral arterial sheaths maintained overnight for neuroangiographic procedures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence of blood clots in femoral arterial sheaths maintained after cerebral angiography and the effect of heparinized saline on clot formation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three sheaths were evaluated in 18 patients. Sheaths were maintained for 14 to 80 hours (average, 33 hours; median, 24 hours). After the sheaths were removed, they were vigorously flushed with 60 mL of normal saline and the number and size of clots found in each sheath were recorded. Additionally, patients' age, catheter size, presence of heparin, amount of time the sheath was kept in the artery, and patients' coagulation status were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clots were found in 17 (74%) of the 23 sheaths. Ten catheters had continuous heparin drip, of which seven (70%) sustained clots. Of the 13 sheaths without heparin, 10 sustained clots (77%). The difference was not statistically significant. The average number of clots was 2.2, and the maximal length of clots ranged from 0.5 to 105 mm. No thromboembolic complications associated with sheath placement were encountered in our patient population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Blood clots are present in the vast majority of intraarterial sheaths maintained after cerebral angiography. These clots constitute a risk of thromboembolic complications in the event of repeat angiography. Sheath exchange should be considered before obtaining repeat cerebral angiograms.
authors: Department of Radiology, MCP/Hahnemann University, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA.
authors: R A
authors: RA
authors: Koenigsberg
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Wysoki
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Weiss
authors: S H
authors: SH
authors: Faro
authors: F Y
authors: FY
authors: Tsai
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery; D006493:Heparin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000209:etiology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D012965:Sodium Chloride; D006493:Heparin