Mucosal Th1- versus Th2-type responses for antibody- or cell-mediated immunity to simian immunodeficiency virus in rhesus macaques.
Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-specific B cell responses and the Th1- or Th2-type profiles of cytokine expression were determined for rhesus macaques immunized with SIV antigens via the iliac lymph nodes (by use of a targeted lymph node [TLN] procedure) or orally with SIV p55gag plus cholera toxin (CT) as a mucosal adjuvant. Analysis of CD4+ T cells purified from SIV-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells of immunized macaques revealed that Th2 cytokine production gradually increased after the second and third TLN immunization. Analysis of SIV-specific B cell responses revealed that peak SIV-specific IgA B cell responses followed the third TLN immunization and occurred during peak Th2-type T cell responses. Oral immunization of macaques with p55gag plus CT induced interferon-gamma-secreting Th1-type and select Th2-type cytokine-producing CD4+ T helper cells, which most likely accounted for the induction of p55-specific systemic IgG and mucosal IgA responses.
McGhee
J R
JR
Immunobiology Vaccine Center and Departments of Oral Biology and Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-2170, USA. mcghee@uab.edu
Kiyono
H
H
Kubota
M
M
Kawabata
S
S
Miller
C J
CJ
Lehner
T
T
Imaoka
K
K
Fujihashi
K
K
D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D015683:Gene Products, gag / Q000276:immunology; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000276:immunology*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology
D015683:Gene Products, gag; D014765:Viral Vaccines; C115853:simian immunodeficiency virus gag p55