title: Oral transmission of primate lentiviruses.
abstract: Oral transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is well documented in children who become infected postnatally through breast milk. In contrast, epidemiologic surveys have yielded conflicting data regarding oral HIV-1 transmission among adults, even though case reports have described seroconversion and the development of AIDS in adults whose only risk was oral-genital contact. To study oral virus transmission in primate models, we exposed rhesus macaques of various ages to cell-free simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), including uncloned and molecularly cloned viruses. In neonates, viremia and AIDS developed after nontraumatic oral exposure to several SIV strains. Furthermore, chimeric simian human immunodeficiency viruses containing the HIV-1 envelope can also cross intact upper gastrointestinal mucosal surfaces in neonates. In adult macaques, infection and AIDS have resulted from well-controlled, nontraumatic, experimental oral exposure to different strains of SIV. These findings have implications for the risks of HIV-1 transmission during oral-genital contact.
authors: Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ruth_ruprecht@dfci.harvard.edu
authors: R M
authors: RM
authors: Ruprecht
authors: T W
authors: TW
authors: Baba
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Liska
authors: N B
authors: NB
authors: Ray
authors: L N
authors: LN
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Murphey-Corb
authors: T A
authors: TA
authors: Rizvi
authors: B J
authors: BJ
authors: Bernacky
authors: M E
authors: ME
authors: Keeling
authors: H M
authors: HM
authors: McClure
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Andersen
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D007116:Immunization, Passive; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000821:virology*; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000472:pathogenicity; D014611:Vaccination; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D014764:Viral Proteins