title: Improved survival in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and end-stage diabetic nephropathy 10 years after combined pancreas and kidney transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of pancreatic transplantation in insulin-dependent diabetic patients is to restore normoglycemia and thereby prevent the secondary complications of diabetes. However, uncertainty remains as to whether the mortality rate in diabetic patients can be affected by this procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  We followed 14 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and end-stage diabetic nephropathy for 10 years after successful combined kidney and pancreas transplantation. Fifteen diabetic patients subjected to kidney transplantation alone have served as controls. The glycemic control has been studied annually for 10 years and diabetic polyneuropathy has been assessed in both groups after 2, 4, and 8 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In recipients of pancreas-kidney grafts, metabolic control was maintained throughout the observation period, with values of glycated hemoglobin in the normal range. In contrast, glucose metabolism was impaired in the control group, with glycated hemoglobin values around 10%. Nerve conduction and parasympathetic autonomic dysfunction improved in both groups after 2 years; there was no difference between the groups. After 4 years, we found a significant difference between the study group and the control group, and after 8 years it had widened. At the 4-year evaluation, there was no difference in mortality between the groups. At 8 years, however, a significant difference was noted, which was further substantiated at 10 years with a 20% mortality rate in the pancreas-kidney group versus an 80% mortality in the kidney alone group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found a substantial reduction in mortality in IDDM patients 10 years after successful combined pancreas and kidney transplantation. We speculate that the decrease in mortality was due to the beneficial effect of long-term normoglycemia on diabetic late complications and suggest therefore that combined pancreas and kidney transplantation, rather than kidney transplantation alone, should be offered to IDDM patients with end-stage diabetic nephropathy.
authors: Department of Transplantation Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge Hospital, Sweden.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Tydén
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Bolinder
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Solders
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Brattström
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Tibell
authors: C G
authors: CG
authors: Groth
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D009431:Neural Conduction; D016035:Pancreas Transplantation; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose