title: Immunomodulatory effects of pharmacological elevation of cyclic AMP in T lymphocytes proceed via a protein kinase A independent mechanism.
abstract: The role of the cAMP pathway as an immunomodulatory system has been an area of intensive research. Pharmacological elevation of the cAMP pathway inhibits T lymphocyte proliferation and production of Th1-type cytokines. The effects of cAMP are thought to be mediated via activation of the intracellular receptor, protein kinase A (PKA). We investigated the inhibitory effects of cAMP elevation on human lymphocyte proliferation and function by utilising a range of selective inhibitors of PKA. Elevation of cAMP activity by dbcAMP, Sp-cAMPS and forskolin induced significant decreases of Con A stimulated PBMC proliferation. Co-incubation with the selective PKA inhibitors HA1004, KT5720 and Rp-cAMPS showed these antiproliferative effects to persist, despite measurable PKA activity being inhibited to that of untreated cells or less. IL-2 production was also inhibited by dbcAMP in the presence of HA1004 and Rp-cAMPS. It has been demonstrated that the inhibitory effects of pharmacological elevations in cAMP on human T cell proliferation and IL-2 production do not require PKA activity. These observations indicate that control of lymphocyte proliferation and functional status by cAMP proceeds through PKA-independent events. Identification of the underlying mechanisms behind these effects would increase our understanding of the cAMP cascade and may provide a potentially novel target for immunomodulation.
authors: School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK. pjbryce@bad.dundee.ac.uk
authors: P J
authors: PJ
authors: Bryce
authors: M J
authors: MJ
authors: Dascombe
authors: I V
authors: IV
authors: Hutchinson
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002227:Carbazoles; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000494:pharmacology; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D013873:Thionucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D002227:Carbazoles; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007211:Indoles; D007376:Interleukin-2; D007546:Isoquinolines; D011758:Pyrroles; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013873:Thionucleotides; D005576:Colforsin; C016957:adenosine-3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate; C057416:KT 5720; D007371:Interferon-gamma; C043204:N-(2-guanidinoethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D011493:Protein Kinase C