title: Cooling-induced bladder contraction: studies on isolated detrusor muscle preparations in the rat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Detrusor muscle contraction and uninhibited micturition after intravesical instillation of ice water is interpreted as a sign of upper motor neuron lesions. The basic mechanism of cooling-induced contraction (CIC) at the level of smooth muscle, however, has not been satisfactorily explained. We therefore designed model experiments with cooling of rat detrusor muscle.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recorded isometric tension from strips of rat urinary detrusor muscle in organ baths during stepwise cooling. CIC was tested before and after addition of various standard agents interfering with known neurogenic (autonomic blockers, tetrodotoxin, capsaicin) and myogenic mechanisms of contraction (calcium channel blockers).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stepwise cooling (37 degrees to 5 degrees C) of detrusor muscle induced reproducible graded contractions, inversely proportional to temperature. CIC was not dependent on a neural mechanism (not blocked by tetrodotoxin or capsaicin) or the release of neurotransmitters but was linked to translocation of calcium. It was reduced by calcium channel blockers and Ca(2+)-free solution. Blockage of the Ca(2+)-adenosine triphosphatase pump, which inhibits the extrusion of calcium, also plays a significant role in the process and enhances CIC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cooling of detrusor muscle preparations induces a graded myogenic contraction inversely proportional to the temperature. The mechanism is not dependent on local nervous control but is related to calcium translocation.
authors: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat.
authors: S M
authors: SM
authors: Mustafa
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Thulesius
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D003080:Cold Temperature; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers