Cost effectiveness of inhaled corticosteroid plus bronchodilator therapy versus bronchodilator monotherapy in children with asthma.
In an incremental cost-effectiveness analysis, combined inhaled beta 2-receptor agonist plus inhaled corticosteroid therapy (BA + CS) was compared with inhaled beta 2-agonist plus placebo (BA + PL) in 116 asthmatic children aged 7 to 16 years.  Clinical data have been reported previously.  To account for the selective withdrawal rate due to pulmonary problems that occurred in the group receiving BA + PL, costs were calculated using 2 approaches: (1) the cumulative cost approach and (2) the patient-year approach.  Besides improvements in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1) and airway responsiveness expressed as the provocative dose of histamine required to give a 20% fall in FEV 1 (PD 20), the frequency of asthma symptoms and school absenteeism were significantly reduced in the BA + CS group.  Annual drug acquisition costs for the group receiving BA + CS were NLG480 higher than for the BA + PL group ($US1 = NLG2.12, 1989 prices).  Based on conservative calculations using the cumulative cost approach, annual savings due to reduced healthcare utilisation, excluding the cost of study drugs, by the group receiving BA + CS compared with BA + PL were estimated to be about NLG273 per patient.  The incremental cost effectiveness of BA + CS was estimated to be about NLG175 per 10% increase in FEV 1, or somewhat less than NLG10 per symptom-free day gained.  The patient-year approach estimated savings due to corticosteroids of about 43% of the costs of BA + PL (95% confidence intervals, 21 to 58%).  Savings were larger when the indirect costs that a family incurred during school absenteeism were considered.  Addition of an inhaled corticosteroid to an inhaled beta 2-receptor agonist is a cost-effective treatment option that could even result in net healthcare savings.
Rutten-van Mölken
M P
MP
Department of Health Economics, University of Limburg, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Van Doorslaer
E K
EK
Jansen
M C
MC
Van Essen-Zandvliet
E E
EE
Rutten
F F
FF
D000293:Adolescent; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016896:Treatment Outcome