Telemedicine and international disaster response. Medical consultation to Armenia and Russia via a Telemedicine Spacebridge.
The Telemedicine Spacebridge, a satellite-mediated, audio-video-fax link between four United States and two Armenian and Russian medical centers, permitted remote American consultants to assist Armenian and Russian physicians in the management of medical problems following the December 1988 earthquake in Armenia and the June 1989 gas explosion near Ufa.


METHODS
During 12 weeks of operations, 247 Armenian and Russian and 175 American medical professionals participated in 34 half-day clinical conferences.  A total of 209 patients were discussed, requiring expertise in 20 specialty areas.


RESULTS
Telemedicine consultations resulted in altered diagnoses for 54, new diagnostic studies for 70, altered diagnostic processes for 47, and modified treatment plans for 47 of 185 Armenian patients presented. Simultaneous participation of several US medical centers was judged beneficial; quality of data transmission was judged excellent.


CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that interactive consultation by remote specialists can provide valuable assistance to on-site physicians and favorably influence clinical decisions in the aftermath of major disasters.
Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84132.
B A
BA
Houtchens
T P
TP
Clemmer
H C
HC
Holloway
A A
AA
Kiselev
J S
JS
Logan
R C
RC
Merrell
A E
AE
Nicogossian
H A
HA
Nikogossian
R B
RB
Rayman
A E
AE
Sarkisian
D001136:Armenia; D004189:Disaster Planning / Q000379:methods; D004190:Disasters; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012066:Relief Work; D012426:Russia; D017216:Telemedicine; D014481:United States; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000628:therapy