Histologic investigations on 33 retrieved Nobelpharma implants.
Thirty Nobelpharma implants were retrieved from 17 patients despite a remaining clinical stability, after between 1 and 16 years of clinical function.  The reasons for implant removal were bone resorption in combination with soft tissue disorders, psychological causes, implant fracture and post mortem cases.  When measured at the cortical passage, there was an average of 84.9% direct bone-to-implant contact and 81.8% average surface bone area in individual threads as evaluated in a computerized morphometric system at the light microscopic level.
Albrektsson
T
T
Department of Handicap Research, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
Eriksson
A R
AR
Friberg
B
B
Lekholm
U
U
Lindahl
L
L
Nevins
M
M
Oikarinen
V
V
Roos
J
J
Sennerby
L
L
Astrand
P
P
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000209:etiology*; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006652:Histological Techniques; D006801:Humans; D007568:Jaw / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D008875:Middle Aged; D016348:Osseointegration; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011475:Prosthesis Failure