title: Virtual reality for health care: a survey.
abstract: This report surveys the state of the art in applications of virtual environments and related technologies for health care. Applications of these technologies are being developed for health care in the following areas: surgical procedures (remote surgery or telepresence, augmented or enhanced surgery, and planning and simulation of procedures before surgery); medical therapy; preventive medicine and patient education; medical education and training; visualization of massive medical databases; skill enhancement and rehabilitation; and architectural design for health-care facilities. To date, such applications have improved the quality of health care, and in the future they will result in substantial cost savings. Tools that respond to the needs of present virtual environment systems are being refined or developed. However, additional large-scale research is necessary in the following areas: user studies, use of robots for telepresence procedures, enhanced system reality, and improved system functionality.
authors.affiliation: United States Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA. jmoline@nist.gov
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moline
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003196:Computer Graphics; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000639:trends*; D004501:Education, Medical / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative