title: Defensive barriers to communication.
abstract: To be an effective communicator, the manager must understand the obstructions that exist in sending and receiving messages. These barriers to communication are infinite in number and include language, education, experience, understanding, perception, semantics, faulty transmission, environment, personal interests, and physical, physiological, and psychological factors. One of the most serious barriers to communication is defensiveness, which creates negative feelings and counterproductive results.
authors.affiliation: Fairmont Hospital, San Leandro, CA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Richardson
mesh_terms: D003144:Communication Barriers; D006801:Humans; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D008486:Physician Executives; D014481:United States