title: An assessment of the hidden and total antibiotic costs of four parenteral cephalosporins.
abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the hidden costs, and their impact on total antibiotic costs, of ceftriaxone therapy with those of cefotaxime, ceftazidime and cefuroxime in nosocomial infection. The total antibiotic costs of 7-day standard courses of the 4 cephalosporins were compared. The costs were divided into 3 parts: (i) the cost of the drug itself; (ii) the preparation and administration (labour) costs; and (iii) the consumables and waste costs. The latter 2 costs together comprised the hidden cost of an antibiotic course. Hidden costs were higher for cefotaxime, ceftazidime and cefuroxime, which are normally administered 3 times a day, than for ceftriaxone, which is administered once daily. The percentage contribution of hidden costs to total antibiotic costs increased with decreasing antibiotic cost, and were lower with higher dosages of all antibiotics. With cefotaxime, ceftazidime and cefuroxime, and with ceftriaxone at the lower dosage given by bolus intravenous (IV) injection, the labour component of hidden costs exceeded the consumables/waste component. However, when costs were calculated for ceftriaxone administered at the higher dosage by IV infusion, the costs of consumables and waste were greater than the labour costs. Ceftriaxone had the lowest hidden costs of all the antibiotics studied. The total antibiotic cost of low dosage ceftriaxone (1 g per dose) was comparable with that of cefuroxime, and was substantially less than the costs of cefotaxime and ceftazidime. At the high ceftriaxone dosage (2g per dose), the total antibiotic cost of cefuroxime was less than that of ceftriaxone; however, the total antibiotic cost of ceftriaxone remained substantially less than that of cefotaxime or ceftazidime.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology, Royal Hospitals Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
authors.forename: E T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Smyth
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Barr
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: O'Neill
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Hogg
mesh_terms: D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000191:economics; D016527:Drug Costs; D006801:Humans