title: Cost-benefit analysis of transesophageal echocardiography in cardiac surgery.
abstract: This article evaluates the costs and outcomes associated with TEE during and after cardiac surgery. The costs include the direct and indirect costs--the complications of TEE. The outcomes include the positive consequences or the benefits: money and lives saved. The article uses liberal (high) estimates of the direct and indirect costs of TEE and conservative (low) estimates of the benefits. The exact cost or benefit depends on the number of cases performed. The analysis shows that patients having surgery for congenital heart disease derive the greatest overall benefit: around $600 per case studied. Patients having valvular repair surgery derive the next greatest benefit: around $450 per case studied. In contrast patients having valve replacement have an overall cost of around $150 per case studied. Patients having surgery for coronary artery disease also derive an overall benefit: around $100-$300 per case studied, depending upon assumptions regarding TEE's role in prevention of intraoperative strokes. This analysis indicates that the financial benefits of TEE are substantial and frequently outweigh costs in patients requiring cardiac surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0648, USA.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Benson
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Cahalan
mesh_terms: D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000191:economics*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000191:economics / Q000601:surgery; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004180:Direct Service Costs; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000191:economics / Q000601:surgery; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000191:economics / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care / Q000191:economics; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000191:economics