title: The props-based interface for neurosurgical visualization.
abstract: We describe a three-dimensional human-computer interface for neurosurgical visualization. The interface is based on the two-handed physical manipulation of hand-held tools, or "props", in free space. These user interface "props" facilitate transfer of the user's skills for manipulating tools with two hands to the operation of a user interface for visualizing 3D medical images, without need for training. The interface allows neurosurgeons to explore a 3D MRI scan of a patient's brain during presurgical planning. From the surgeon's perspective, the interface is analogous to holding a miniature head in one hand which can be "sliced open" or "pointed to" using a cross-sectioning plane or a stylus tool, respectively, held in the other hand. Cross-sectioning a 3D volume, for example, simply requires the surgeon to hold a plastic plate (held in the preferred hand) up to the miniature head (held in the nonpreferred hand) to demonstrate the desired cross-section.
authors.affiliation: University of Virginia, Department of Neurosurgery, Charlottesville 22903, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hinckley
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pausch
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Downs
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Proffitt
authors.forename: N F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Kassell
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D003658:Decision Making, Computer-Assisted; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009493:Neurosurgery / Q000379:methods*; D014584:User-Computer Interface