title: Package seals. Causes and avoidance of defects.
abstract: Defective heat sealing can result in leakage, packs that are difficult to open, or contamination of the contents. This article comments on materials, machinery, and maintenance to provide an understanding of the causes of sealing problems.
authors.affiliation: Howmedica International Inc., Limerick, Ireland.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hall
mesh_terms: D003258:Consumer Behavior; D004866:Equipment Contamination; D004868:Equipment Failure; D004864:Equipment and Supplies; D006801:Humans; D008283:Maintenance; D019064:Product Packaging / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*