title: Intraoperative echocardiography by a new miniaturized epicardial probe: preliminary findings.
abstract: Miniaturized probes constitute recent progress in the field of epicardial echocardiography.  We recently used a new miniaturized probe, derived from a standard transesophageal probe, in a series of 12 adult patients who underwent cardiac surgery in order to test the possibility of obtaining new views for epicardial imaging.  This study demonstrates the feasibility and safety of performing intraoperative echocardiography when using a miniaturized epicardial probe.  This probe may be placed on a broader epicardial and vascular area, thus overcoming the size limitations of the commonly used epicardial probes.  The major limitation found with the miniaturized probe, however, was the inability to obtain a true four-chamber view from the ventricular apex, due to the difficulty of holding the probe motionless between the apex and the diaphragm while the heart is beating.  Although extensive experience with larger groups of patients and different pathologies will be required to define the full potential of this new probe, the advent of the miniaturized probe may further expand the applicability of epicardial echocardiography in pediatric patients during surgery for congenital heart disease.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Cardiologia, Universitá degli Studi di Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Meloni
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Aru
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Abbruzzese
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cardu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ricchi
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Martelli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cherchi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D014159:Transducers