title: Cell culture methods for testing biocompatibility.
abstract: Cell culture systems may be of value in testing the biocompatibility of prosthetic materials before they are introduced into clinical use. In recent years, in vitro methods for assaying biomaterials have gained in importance owing to the growing concern over the use of animals for biomaterials testing.  Significant effort is therefore being focused toward developing predictive and quantitative, but also simple and reliable, methods of testing using cultured cells. At present, a number of methods for measuring both the cytotoxicity and the specific cytocompatibility of different materials are available.  The usefulness of these systems is no longer confined to screening new materials; they can be used to study the mechanisms of action of various materials during tissue/material interaction. This paper reviews the published literature on the use of cell culture models in evaluating biocompatibility and reports on the personal experience of the authors, who have been using cell culture systems for many years and for different purposes.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Biocompatibility Research on Implant Materials, Istituti Ortopedici Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pizzoferrato
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ciapetti
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stea
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cenni
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Arciola
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Granchi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Savarino
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000592:standards*; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D003601:Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic / Q000379:methods*; D005062:European Union; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods; D010012:Osteogenesis; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000592:standards; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012107:Research Design