title: Allergic and atopic diseases of the lid, conjunctiva, and cornea.
abstract: Ocular allergies are commonly encountered in clinical practice. The familiarity with the typical constellation of signs and symptoms, as well as the pathophysiology of these syndromes, is of utmost importance in diagnosing and treating these diseases. Several new therapeutic options have been tested in clinical settings in recent time. Lodoxamine tromethamine is a mast cell stabilizer at least as effective as cromolyn sodium, which is currently not available in the United States. Nedocromil sodium in addition to its mast cell stabilizing effect, has anti-inflammatory properties. Levocabastine hydrochloride is a very selective and potent H1 antihistamine. Ketorolac tromethamine is a topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent.
authors.affiliation: University Eye Hospital of Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Spraul
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Lang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D003233:Conjunctivitis, Allergic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D003315:Cornea / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005143:Eyelids / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007637:Keratoconjunctivitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy