title: Longer term quality of life and outcome in stroke patients: is the Barthel index alone an adequate measure of outcome?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To consider whether the Barthel Index alone provides sufficient information about the long term outcome of stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross sectional follow up study with a structured interview questionnaire and measures of impairment, disability, handicap, and general health. The scales used were the hospital anxiety and depression scale, mini mental state examination, Barthel index, modified Rankin scale, London handicap scale, Frenchay activities index, SF36, Nottingham health profile, life satisfaction index, and the caregiver strain index.
  
  
  METHODS
  South east London.
  
  
  METHODS
  People, and their identified carers, resident in south east London in 1989-90 when they had their first in a life-time stroke aged under 75 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparison and correlation of the individual Barthel index scores with the scores on other outcome measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and twenty three (42%) people were known to be alive, of whom 106 (86%) were interviewed. The median age was 71 years (range 34-79). The mean interval between the stroke and follow up was 4.9 years. The rank correlation coefficients between the Barthel and the different dimensions of the SF36 ranged from r = 0.217 (with the role emotional dimension) to r = 0.810 (with the physical functioning dimension); with the Nottingham health profile the range was r = -0.189 (with the sleep dimension, NS) to r = -0.840 (with the physical mobility dimension); with the hospital and anxiety scale depression component the coefficient was r = -0.563, with the life satisfaction index r = 0.361, with the London handicap scale r = 0.726 and with the Frenchay activities index r = 0.826.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The place of the Barthel index as the standard outcome measure for populations of stroke patients is still justified for long term follow up, and may be a proxy for different outcome measures intended for the assessment of other domains.
authors.affiliation: St Thomas's Hospital, London.
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Wilkinson
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Wolfe
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Warburton
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Rudd
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Ross-Russell
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Beech
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000145:classification*; D006801:Humans; D008131:London / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011788:Quality of Life; D012042:Registries; D013222:State Medicine