title: Management by intimidation: "cooling out" perceived competitors.
abstract: Management by intimidation is not healthy, either for its victims or an organization. Intimidation is the style some managers use to keep potential competitors at bay, reminding them who holds the power. Intimidation creates fear within an organization and arouses a need for self-protection among its employees. Unfortunately, management styles often are not known or explored prior to hiring a chief executive officer (CEO). Since employees must adapt to a leader's style, this may mean that some have to leave the organization.
authors.affiliation: Penn State Harrisburg, Middletown, PA, USA.
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Bruhn
mesh_terms: D000288:Administrative Personnel / Q000523:psychology*; D000374:Aggression; D005239:Fear; D006801:Humans; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D010559:Personnel Management / Q000379:methods*; D014481:United States