title: Operative laparoscopy (minimally invasive surgery): state of the art.
abstract: In any body cavity, endoscopic surgery is possible and usually preferable.  Advantages include better exposure, magnification, and operating very close to the affected tissue.  We demonstrate some of the past, present, and future of laparoscopy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, Georgia.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nezhat
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nezhat
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nezhat
mesh_terms: D001062:Appendectomy / Q000379:methods; D004412:Dysmenorrhea / Q000601:surgery; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005833:Genital Neoplasms, Female / Q000601:surgery; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy / Q000379:methods; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000266:history; D007889:Leiomyoma / Q000601:surgery; D010052:Ovariectomy / Q000379:methods; D010502:Perineum / Q000601:surgery; D011247:Pregnancy; D011271:Pregnancy, Ectopic / Q000601:surgery