title: A volumetric approach to virtual simulation of functional endoscopic sinus surgery.
abstract: Advanced display technologies have made the virtual exploration of relatively complex models feasible in many applications. Unfortunately, only a few human interfaces allow natural interaction with the environment. Moreover, in surgical applications, such realistic interaction requires real-time rendering of volumetric data-placing an overwhelming performance burden on the system. We report on a collaboration of an interdisciplinary group developing a virtual reality system that provides intuitive interaction with volume data by employing real-time volume rendering and force feedback (haptic) sensations. We describe our rendering methods and the haptic devices and explain its utility of this system in the real-world application of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (ESS) simulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Ohio State University Hospitals, Columbus, USA.
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Wiet
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yagel
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stredney
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schmalbrock
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Sessanna
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kurzion
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014584:User-Computer Interface