title: Out-of-hospital use of a pulse oximeter to determine systolic blood pressures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Blood pressure (BP) in the out-of-hospital setting is one of the most important diagnostic tools used by emergency medical services (EMS) providers. Conventional methods of palpation and auscultation can be time consuming, and the measurements often are inaccurate because of the adverse working conditions encountered. Pulse oximetry waveform systolic blood pressure (POWSBP) measurement has been used successfully in emergency departments to monitor BP. The objective of this study was to compare the accuracy of field POWSBP measurements obtained by noninvasive electronic BP measurement (NIBPM), auscultation, and palpation in the out-of-hospital environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood pressure measurements used for this study were obtained by POWSBP, NIBPM (PROPAQ model 102; Protocol Systems, Beaverton, Oregon USA), auscultation, and palpation on patients in moving ambulances. Measurement of POWSBP was accomplished by observing the return of the waveform on the pulse oximeter at the time of cuff deflation. The order in which the readings were obtained as well as the arm chosen for measurement were randomized.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paramedics and emergency medical technicians in an urban, inner-city emergency medical services (EMS) system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blood pressure measurements were sampled from 69 patients. Regression analysis identified significant correlation between POWSBP and the four methods utilized, with r = 0.92 for NIPBM, r = 0.95 for auscultation, and r = 0.97 for palpation, all significant at p < 0.0001.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of POWSBP measurement is a fast, easy, and accurate technique with which to measure systolic BP in the field. It may have special importance for noisy environments and moving vehicles in which conventional methods of auscultation or palpation may be difficult.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, New Jersey Trauma Center, University Hospital, Newark 07103, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: McCluskey
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Addis
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Tortella
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Lavery
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001314:Auscultation; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010092:Oximetry; D010173:Palpation; D013599:Systole