title: Improving outpatient clinic efficiency using computer simulation.
abstract: To assess and plan alterations in outpatient clinic structure, produces a computer simulation of an outpatient clinic based on detailed time and role measurements from the authors' clinic. The stimulation which used an object-oriented design method is able to indicate the impact of changes in clinic structure using patient and doctor waiting times in clinic as endpoint measures. The effects of changes in clinic size, consultation time, patient mix, appointment scheduling and non-attendance were examined. We found that patient waiting time could be shortened considerably by using an optimizing appointment scheduler to determine appointment intervals. Clinic mix influences patient waiting time, which was shorter with a 1 in 4 ratio of new to follow-up patients. In mixed clinics, new patients appointments are optimally spread throughout the clinic to reduce patient waiting time. In all new or all follow-up clinics, waiting time is improved if the appointment interval reflects the consultation time. Computer modelling can help in optimizing clinic management so improving the delivery of care in outpatient services.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Department of Computer Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Clague
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barlow
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rada
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Edwards
mesh_terms: D001071:Appointments and Schedules; D003198:Computer Simulation; D017598:Efficiency, Organizational / Q000592:standards*; D006779:Hospitals, Public; D009874:Operations Research; D010044:Outpatient Clinics, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010561:Personnel Staffing and Scheduling; D013996:Time and Motion Studies; D006113:United Kingdom; D014850:Waiting Lists