title: A 10-year experience in the use of air medical transport for medical scene calls.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this retrospective descriptive study was to evaluate the use of air medical services in response to medical scene calls for transport to tertiary care in the rural setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study is a retrospective descriptive review of all medical scene calls during a 10-year study period. The cases were analyzed for demographics, transport time, medical indication, procedures, role of ground EMS services, effects on community hospitals, and patient outcomes. A case-by-case review by emergency medicine (EM) physicians was conducted to determine necessity of air medical transport.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 8106 medical flights were conducted during the study period. Of these, 103 were scene calls for which 85 charts were available for review. The breakdown of medical scene calls is cardiac (29%), poisoning (17%), co poisoning (11%), neurologic (11%), and other (32%). Ground EMS was involved in 80% of the cases; ground advanced life support (ALS) was present in 58%. In 86% of the flights reviewed, an EM resident was aboard the helicopter. Of the 85 patients whose charts were available, 41 required admission to the ICU, five required hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment, and 14 died before admission.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Evacuation of the rural patient with a medical emergency accounts for an extremely small percentage of an air medical service's use. ALS services, including emergency procedures at the scene and rapid transport to a tertiary care, were provided. Seventy-one percent of the flights reviewed required transport to a tertiary care facility, indicating that air medical transport was appropriate. Physician guidelines to ensure effective and cost-efficient use of these services should be developed. Responding for victims in cardiopulmonary arrest appears to provide little benefit with respect to outcome.
authors.affiliation: Methodist Hospital of Indiana-Clarian Health System, Indianapolis, USA.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leicht
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Dula
mesh_terms: D017732:Air Ambulances / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002965:Classification; D004630:Emergencies; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007196:Indiana / Q000453:epidemiology; D008485:Medical Audit; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019035:Rural Health Services / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014187:Transportation of Patients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014600:Utilization Review