title: MIST VR. A laparoscopic surgery procedures trainer and evaluator.
abstract: The key bimanual instrument tasks involved in laparoscopic surgery have been abstracted for use in a virtual reality surgical skills evaluator and trainer. The trainer uses two laparoscopic instruments mounted on a frame with position sensors which provide instrument movement data that is translated into interactive real time graphics on a PC (P133, 16 Mb RAM, graphics acceleration card). An accurately scaled operating volume of 10 cm3 is represented by a 3D cube on the computer screen. "Camera" position and size of target objects can be varied for different skill levels. Targets appear randomly within the operating volume according to the skill task and can be grasped and manipulated with the instruments. Accuracy and errors during the tasks and time to completion are logged. Mist VR has tutorial, training, examination, analysis and configuration modes. Six tasks have been selected and include combinations of instrument approach, target acquisition, target manipulation and placement, transfer between instruments, target contact with optional diathermy, and controlled instrument withdrawal/replacement. Tasks can be configured for varying degrees of difficulty and the configurations saved to a library for reuse. Specific task configurations can be assigned to individual students. In the examination mode the supervisor can select the tasks, repetitions and order and save to a specific file for that trainee. Progress can be assessed and there is the option for playback of the training session or examination. Data analyses permit overall, including task, and right or left hand performances to be quantified. Mist VR represents a significant advance over the subjective assessment of training performances with existing "plastic box" basic trainers.
authors.affiliation: Virtual Presence Ltd., Unit 6, New Concordia Wharf, London, UK.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sutton
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McCloy
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Middlebrook
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chater
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stone
mesh_terms: D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction / Q000379:methods*; D004521:Educational Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D014584:User-Computer Interface