title: Surgery for congenital heart disease.
abstract: Surgery for congenital heart disease has reached two important milestones.  Intermediate and long-term results are available for the arterial switch operation and the modified Fontan procedure which allow us to assess their efficacy.  New techniques and changes in the timing of operations have forced us to rethink older approaches and dicta. Finally, longstanding controversies continue to inspire argument as well as insightful investigation.  This review highlights many of these topics.
authors.affiliation: The Cleveland Clinical Foundation, Ohio.
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Rosenkranz
mesh_terms: D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D004452:Echocardiography; D015199:Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D006353:Heart-Assist Devices; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative