title: Understanding the forces that drive mental health and chemical dependency utilization.
abstract: Economic and social forces combined with imprecise treatment standards are creating a virtual explosion in employer costs attributable to mental and chemical dependency disorders. To develop appropriate programs for managing these costs, the forces that drive utilization must be understood.
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Pflaum
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D003363:Cost Control / Q000379:methods; D017049:Employer Health Costs / Q000639:trends*; D005260:Female; D006264:Health Benefit Plans, Employee / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007358:Insurance, Psychiatric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000191:economics* / Q000628:therapy; D014481:United States