title: Prognostic features of menopausal and postmenopausal applicants for life insurance.
abstract: The increasing proportion of the aged in the population is posing significant new challenges to politics, society and medicine as well. Gerontology and geriatrics are playing a role in all areas of preventive and curative medicine. Since the life expectancy of women is approximately eight years longer than that of men, gynecology draws special significance from the fact that the greater part of an aging society will primarily be comprise of women. The medical treatment and care of women in climacteric and postmenopause in the past is seriously inadequate by today's standards. The attitude in earlier years of not making any great investment of cost or personnel in patients over 75 can, in view of the vitality of modern-day senior citizens, no longer be justified or maintained. The necessity of establishing old-age gynecology becomes more and more clear and urgent. The decrease of ovarian function in menopause is without doubt an important turning point in the life of a woman. The first signs of aging are inescapable. Following these years a woman still has more than one third of life expectancy ahead of her which she would like to and should spend in good mental, spiritual and physical health. The principle of postmenopausal hormone replacement has shown itself to be amazingly successful in treating climacteric disorders and their effects on the entire organism. Treatment over many years with as board a spectrum as possible of preventive hormones to combat the long-term consequences of hormone deficiency, like osteoporosis-related fractures, heart attacks, or strokes, is one of the great medical advances of our time. Furthermore, the significance of preventing a number of genital concern manifestations through hormone replacement therapy cannot be overestimated. Gynecology has taken a remarkable step toward its goal of enabling aging women to spend the third part of their lives free of unnecessary diseases and suffering. In 1994, after consultation with representatives of European countries during the World Congress of the International Menopause Society, a statement was published by the menopause society of German-speaking countries. In this consensus paper, a stand was taken on hormone replacement therapy in postmenopause. The purpose of this paper was to serve as an aid in formulating and interpreting the text in the package inserts that are enclosed with hormone preparations. The most important passages were to once again summarize the present status of knowledge on hormone replacement therapy and its risks and benefits: (Estradiol is the estrogen normally produced by a woman's ovaries that exercises all functions of the natural follicle hormone. It is used to treat all symptoms of estrogen deficiency). Estrogen eliminates, or mitigates, all typical symptoms of estrogen deficiency in menopause, including hot flashes, night sweats and other complaints frequently observed like nervousness, sleep disturbance and depression, with great reliability. Estrogen stimulates the cell division of an aging organism, of mucous membranes, of supportive and connective tissue. It improves the blood circulation and the salt and water content. Furthermore, estrogen prevents or eliminates deterioration in the urogenital area and the disorders that result from such deterioration. Estrogen prevents or retards bone deterioration, osteoporosis and spinal, lower arm and femur fractures. By positively influencing HDL- and LDL-cholesterol, blood vessels and circulation, long-term estrogen replacement inhibits the development of arteriosclerosis and nearly halves the frequency of heart attacks and strokes. The mortality rate of women over 50 is therefore decreased significantly and life expectancy increased. (Benefits to the blood vessels of such preventive treatment can already be seen after five years of estrogen therapy and their benefits continue for several years after treatment is stopped.
authors.affiliation: Munich Reinsurance Company.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schiefeling
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000517:prevention & control; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007352:Insurance, Life; D008017:Life Expectancy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000188:drug therapy; D017698:Postmenopause; D011379:Prognosis