title: Eye movement disorders.
abstract: The ophthalmic, neurologic, and neuro-ophthalmic literature over the past year have included a wide variety of interesting case reports, patient series, and reviews involving eye movement abnormalities. This review highlights some of the more important articles and how they contribute to our understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of these disorders. A few topics will receive particular emphasis. In patients with sixth nerve palsies, botulinum toxin injection of the ipsilateral medial rectus muscle has been advocated. Recent results suggest that this treatment has no beneficial effect in acute sixth nerve palsies, but it may have a role in chronic cases. Two groups of authors, each supplying retrobulbar botulinum toxin injection for patients with acquired nystagmus and debilitating oscillopsia, obtained mixed results. One group of patients was moderately satisfied, whereas in the other group, no patients elected to repeat the treatment because of side effects such as ptosis, diplopia, or discomfort from keratitis. Finally, skew deviation is becoming a more recognized cause of vertical double vision from a central or peripheral basis. Articles published recently showed that cyclodeviation may be seen in skew deviation, and that binocular cyclotorsion distinguishes this motility abnormality from a fourth nerve palsy, which exhibits monocular excyclotorsion.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuro-ophthalmology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Volpe
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Galetta
mesh_terms: D001905:Botulinum Toxins; D005133:Eye Movements; D006801:Humans; D009157:Myasthenia Gravis / Q000150:complications; D015835:Ocular Motility Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000187:drug effects; D013563:Sympathectomy, Chemical