title: Analysis of the costs of NSAID-associated gastropathy. Experience in a US health maintenance organisation.
abstract: Clinicians recognise nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as valuable first-line agents in the treatment of rheumatic disorders and as dangerous irritants to the gastrointestinal tract. This has led to questions about the economic impact of NSAID-induced gastropathy in populations. This study estimated the 1992 costs of NSAID-associated gastropathy episodes, and calculated an iatrogenic cost factor for NSAID-associated gastropathy among elderly members of a health maintenance organisation (HMO), the Northwest Region of Kaiser Permanente. Using data retrieved from automated databases and from medical records, NSAID and antiulcer drug costs were calculated, and estimates were made of the incidence rates of inpatient and outpatient NSAID-associated gastropathies, the services provided to treat them, and the cost of those services. Kaiser Permanente Northwest spent $US0.35 for each $US1.00 spent on NSAID therapy for the elderly, an iatrogenic cost factor of 1.35. The estimated average treatment per NSAID-associated gastropathy episode was $US2172. The average outpatient pharmacy cost per elderly NSAID user was $US80 and estimated average NSAID-associated treatment cost per elderly NSAID user was $US43. Although the findings were specific to the HMO because of the databases used, the methodology employed and the drug formulary influence on NSAID selection, they show that a substantial amount of resources were used to treat NSAID-induced gastropathies in the elderly, underscoring the risk of prescribing NSAIDs and reinforcing the need for their prudent use in elderly patients.
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest Division, Portland, Oregon, USA.
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Hornbrook
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Hooker
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Woodson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shneidman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000191:economics*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis / Q000191:economics*; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000191:economics*; D006279:Health Maintenance Organizations / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014481:United States