title: Mouth-to-mouth ventilation of cardiac arrested humans using a barrier mask.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Concern for possible disease transmission during mouth-to-mouth resuscitation has decreased the incidence of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Barrier masks have become available that may be effective in CPR as well as protective against cross-contamination.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  A silicone rubber barrier mask incorporating a one-way-valved airway (Kiss of Life [KOL]) designed to prevent contamination of the rescuer, permits satisfactory mouth-to-mouth ventilation of victims of cardiopulmonary arrest.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten adult patients who did not survive non-traumatic cardiac arrest were ventilated with exhaled room air using a KOL barrier mask while external cardiac massage continued. Arterial blood gases were obtained every two minutes for a maximum of 10 minutes. The operator was blinded to the results of these blood tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight men and two women with ages from 55 to 99 years were studied. Four patients were edentulous and two of these had marked mandibular atrophy. The two patients with mandibular atrophy were poorly ventilated with the barrier mask. One other patient was not ventilated successfully. This patient had undergone multiple attempts at endotracheal intubation and had transtracheal needle ventilation performed prior to use of the barrier mask. One patient had elevated PaCO2 despite being well-ventilated clinically. Six patients were ventilated well clinically and had satisfactory PaCO2 and PaO2 values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The barrier mask studied appears to be an effective aid to ventilation in CPR. Patients without facial support, as in edentulous patients with mandibular atrophy, are not ventilated well with this device.
authors.affiliation: St. Luke's Hospital, Duluth, Minn, USA.
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Lufkin
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ruiz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002102:Cadaver; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D018562:Disease Transmission, Infectious / Q000517:prevention & control; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008397:Masks; D008875:Middle Aged