title: The esophageal detector device: accuracy and reliability in difficult airway settings.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The esophageal detector device (EDD) recently has been found to assess endotracheal (ET) tube placement accurately. This study describes the reliability of the EDD in determining the position of the ET tube in clinical airway situations that are difficult.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective, randomized, single-blinded, controlled laboratory investigation. Two airway managers (an emergency-medicine attending physician and a resident) determined ET-tube placement using the EDD in five swine in respiratory arrest. The ET tube was place in the following clinical airway situations: 1) esophagus; 2) esophagus with 1 liter of air instilled; 3) trachea; 4) trachea with 5 ml/kg water instilled; and 5) right mainstem bronchus. Anatomic location of the tube was verified by thoracotomy of the left side of the chest.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was 100% correlation between the resident and attending physician's use of the EDD. The EDD was 100% accurate in the determining tube placement in the esophagus, in the esophagus with 1 liter of air instilled, in the trachea, and in the right mainstem bronchus. The airway managers were only 80% accurate in detecting tracheal intubations when fluid was present.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The EDD is an accurate and reliable device for detecting ET-tube placement in most clinical situations. Tube placement in fluid-filled trachea, lungs, or both, which occurs in pulmonary edema and drowning, may not be detected using this device.
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh Affiliated Residency in Emergency Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15219, USA.
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Kapsner
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Seaberg
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stengel
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ilkhanipour
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Menegazzi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004947:Esophagus; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000628:therapy*; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013552:Swine