title: Improving the accuracy of total quality management instruments.
abstract: Total quality management (TQM) instruments are essential tools in defining concepts identified in an Ishikawa or ¿cause-and-effect¿ diagram. Collecting meaningful and accurate data using TQM instruments is imperative if productivity and quality of care are to be enhanced. This article provides managers with techniques and guidelines that will enhance the reliability and validity of TQM instruments, thereby promoting organization efficiency and customer satisfaction.
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, USA.
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Bechtel
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wood
mesh_terms: D017598:Efficiency, Organizational; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006302:Health Services Research / Q000379:methods*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D017749:Total Quality Management / Q000379:methods*; D014481:United States