title: Managed care guidelines for the economic evaluation of pharmaceuticals.
abstract: Foundation Health Corporation, through its National Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee, requires all pharmaceutical manufacturers and others who wish products to be considered for formulary listing to meet evidentiary and analytical standards in their submission documentation. This article details the evidentiary and analytical standards required from those making submissions and describes the methodological basis of the guidelines. This is the first time, as far as the authors are aware, that a managed care health system in the United States has required formulary submissions not only to meet clinical and economic evaluation standards, but also to take explicit account of the perspective of the managed care group in applying these techniques. Submissions are required to take what is described as a systems impact perspective. This approach is quite different, in both evidentiary and analytical terms, from standards required by health systems in other countries and standards for the economic evaluation of pharmaceuticals proposed by expert groups in the United States.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721, USA. langley@tonic-pharm.arizona.edu
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Langley
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D016527:Drug Costs; D004345:Drug Industry; D017850:Economics, Pharmaceutical; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005569:Formularies as Topic / Q000592:standards*; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D008329:Managed Care Programs / Q000191:economics* / Q000592:standards; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010606:Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee; D014481:United States