title: The non-use of 9-1-1. Private transport of trauma patients to a trauma center.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Privately transported, major trauma patients made up approximately 4% of the total trauma patients population at a major, regional trauma center which treats over 90% of all major trauma victims in the geographic area. This study was undertaken to evaluate the patient profile of those individuals who did not access 9-1-1 for transport to a trauma center, including their reasons for such non-use.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on all major trauma occurring within Dade County, Florida, were collected by the county trauma registry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the last six months of 1989, 1,672 patients were entered into the trauma registry. One-thousand-six-hundred-thirteen (1,613) were transported by professional ground or air services, 59 by private vehicle. For those patients transported directly from the Emergency Department to the Operating Room, only 35% of private vehicle patients entered surgery within 90 minutes of presentation compared to 57% of those who gained access to the 9-1-1 system and used emergency medical services (EMS). One-half of those patients who did not use 9-1-1 did not have telephone access. Patient acuity was similar for those transported by private vehicle compared to those transported by basic or advanced life support units. Private vehicle transport often delayed patient triage and assessment. Thus, for a number of lower income patients, 9-1-1 access was difficult.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Underestimation of the severity of the injury or fear of delay in rescue response were prominent reasons for non-use of 9-1-1. While educational efforts should concentrate on decreasing inappropriate 9-1-1 use for non-emergencies, the causes of underutilization should not be ignored.
authors.affiliation: Section of Trauma/Surgical Critical Care, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick 08903-0019, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hammond
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fine
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eckes
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Castro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D004631:Emergency Medical Service Communication Systems / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005431:Florida; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014187:Transportation of Patients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014193:Trauma Centers