title: Recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor after autologous bone marrow transplantation for lymphoid cancer: an economic analysis of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: In a blinded retrospective economic evaluation of a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial, total utilisation and charges for lymphoid cancer patients who received recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) or placebo were compared following autologous bone marrow transplantation.  The 40 patients enrolled (22 rhGM-CSF, 18 placebo) could have acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, non-Hodgkins lymphoma or Hodgkin's disease, be of any age, and were undergoing autologous bone marrow transplantation in a metropolitan cancer research centre. Main outcome measures consisted of initial hospital lengths of stay (LOS), total and department charges, rehospitalisation rates and charges, and outpatient charges, all inclusive of the first 100 days following bone marrow infusion.  The perspective of the study is that of the third party payer.  Initial hospitalisation charges were $US54 100 for patients who received rhGM-CSF and $US68 600 for patients who received placebo (p = 0.05).  The difference of $US14 500 was 21% less in patients who received rhGM-CSF, mainly due to lower average LOS with rhGM-CSF (24.2 days) compared with placebo (30.8 days).  Outpatient charges were $US9500 (rhGM-CSF) and $US6800 (placebo) {p = 0.18}. Total charges, including readmission (10 per group) were $US12 200 lower in the rhGM-CSF group ($US70 300 vs $US82 500, p = 0.19).  The use of rhGM-CSF after autologous bone marrow transplantation was shown to result in substantial cost savings during the initial hospitalisation. When comparing total inpatient and outpatient medical charges within the first 100 days following bone marrow infusion, we found no evidence that these savings were negated.
authors.affiliation: Battelle Medical Technology Assessment and Policy (MEDTAP) Research Center, Arlington, Virginia.
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Luce
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Singer
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Weschler
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Buckner
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Sheingold
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shannon-Dorcy
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Appelbaum
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nemunaitis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000191:economics*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007345:Insurance Claim Review; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous / Q000191:economics*