title: Randomized trial of carvedilol in treatment of congestive heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Members of the U.S. Cardevivol Study Group at Lovelace Scientific Resources, Albuquerque, NM, designed and carried out a large multicenter randomized clinical trial of Cardevilol vs placebo in patients with clinical heart failure and ejection fraction < 0.35.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Derived exposure and death data at 50-day intervals to 400 days were used to construct tables of comparative mortality, all ages, both sexes and all durations to 400 days combined, in the Carvedilol and the placebo groups Derivation of expected mortality is explained in detail.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Excess mortality, measured as mortality ratio or excess death rate, was much higher in the placebo than in the Cardevilol-treated group.
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Singer
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077261:Carvedilol; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology