title: Evaluation of a supermarket intervention to increase consumption of fruits and vegetables.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether a supermarket point-of-purchase intervention could increase shoppers' consumption of fruits and vegetables.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight supermarkets in rural Iowa were randomized to receive either an 8-month intervention or no intervention. The intervention consisted of: (1) one-page supermarket flyers that identified fruits and vegetables on sale, gave receipts and menu ideas for using sale foods, and gave a store coupon worth 50 cents toward the purchase of any fruit or vegetable; (2) store signage to identify fruits and vegetables featured on the flyer; and (3) consciousness raising activities such as food demonstrations and nutrition related signage. Evaluation was based on exit interviews and take-home surveys, completed by random samples of 120 shoppers from each store at baseline and approximately 1-year post randomization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At follow-up, 42.9% of intervention store shoppers and 6.5% of control shoppers recalled seeing the intervention flyer. Thirty-six percent of intervention shoppers had used a 50-cent coupon and 18% had used a recipe. Approximately 70% of all shoppers had purchased fruits or vegetables on the day they were interviewed, which did not differ between intervention and control stores. Compared to change in control shoppers, there was a borderline statistically significant 8.4 percentage point increase (p < .07) in the percentage of intervention store shoppers in the action or maintenance stages of dietary change, but there was no corresponding increase in fruit or vegetable consumption.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Studies to test point-of-purchase interventions are difficult to design, implement, and evaluate. More powerful interventions are probably necessary to induce shoppers to purchase and consume more fruits and vegetables.
authors.affiliation: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Kristal
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Goldenhar
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Muldoon
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Morton
mesh_terms: D003132:Commerce; D004034:Diet Surveys; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005511:Food Handling; D005638:Fruit; D006266:Health Education / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D052756:Nutritional Sciences / Q000193:education*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D014675:Vegetables