title: Laser safety analysis of a retinal scanning display system.
abstract: The Virtual Retinal Display (VRD) is a visual display that scans modulated laser light on to the retina of the viewer's eye to create an image. Maximum permissible exposures (MPE) have been calculated for the VRD in both normal viewing and possible failure modes. The MPE power levels are compared to the measured power that enters the eye while viewing images with the VRD. The power levels indicate that the VRD is safe in both normal operating mode and in failure modes.
authors.affiliation: Human Interface Technology Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle 98195-2142, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Viirre
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pryor
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Furness
mesh_terms: D003626:Data Display; D004867:Equipment Design; D004869:Equipment Safety; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007834:Lasers; D019721:Ophthalmoscopes; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D014787:Vision Tests / Q000295:instrumentation*