title: Variations in healthcare measures by insurance status for patients receiving ventilator support.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine differences in healthcare delivery by expected health insurance status for hospitalized patients in diagnosis-related group (DRG) 475, respiratory system diagnoses requiring intubation and continuous ventilator support.
  
  
  METHODS
  A survey, derived from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project interstate database, of the care delivered to 21,149 adult patients in DRG 475 and hospitalized in one of 718 acute-care hospitals in nine states. Multivariate analysis was performed, controlling for demographic and hospital factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients insured by health maintenance organizations (HMOs) had significantly lower rates of inpatient mortality (odds ratio [OR], 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI95], 0.73-0.96), 14.3 more procedures performed (CI95, 11.5-17.2), 7.0% shorter hospitalizations (CI95, 12.5-1.6), and 5.2% higher charges (CI95, 0.4-10.0) than those with traditional private insurance. In addition, patients insured by Medicaid had 3.5% more procedures performed (CI95, 1.6-5.4), 10.4% longer lengths of hospitalization (CI95, 6.7-14.0), and 13.8% higher charges (CI95, 10.6-17.0) than those with traditional private insurance. Finally, the uninsured had significantly lower rates of inpatient mortality (OR, 0.87; CI95, 0.77-0.99), 8.5% more procedures performed (CI95, 6.0-11.1), 16.5% shorter hospitalizations (CI95, 21.5-11.6), and 13.4% lower charges (CI95, 17.8-9.0) than those with traditional private insurance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Variations in healthcare measures by insurance status for this DRG emphasize the importance of more careful analyses of insurance categories as a determinant of healthcare access and outcomes. Expected insurance status was an independent predictor of cost. Private insurance and HMO populations differed significantly in outcome and cannot be considered equivalent.
authors.affiliation: Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Schnitzler
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Mundy
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Woodward
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003953:Diagnosis-Related Groups; D005260:Female; D006279:Health Maintenance Organizations; D017722:Hospital Charges; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D019458:Insurance Coverage / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008484:Medicaid; D008875:Middle Aged; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care / Q000191:economics*; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011243:Preferred Provider Organizations; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000191:economics* / Q000401:mortality; D014481:United States