title: Intraobserver and interobserver agreement in anal endosonography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to determine intraobserver and interobserver agreement for sonographic measurements of anal canal structures using anal endosonography (AES), and to determine interobserver agreement for the diagnosis of anal sphincter disruption.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-one consecutive patients referred for AES for the investigation of possible sphincter abnormality were examined. Studies were reviewed by two observers who measured anal canal structures at defined levels and locations, and recorded an opinion on sphincter integrity. Repeated measurements made by each observer were compared to determine intraobserver agreement, and measurements and diagnoses were compared between observers to determine interobserver agreement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intraobserver agreement was better than interobserver agreement for measurements of anal canal structures. Interobserver limits of agreement for external sphincter measurements spanned 5 mm, whereas those for the internal sphincter spanned 1.5 mm. Interobserver agreement for diagnosis of sphincter disruption and internal sphincter echogenicity was very good (kappa = 0.80 and 0.74 respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The limits of agreement for intraobserver and interobserver measurements of anal canal structures on AES have been defined. Interobserver assessment of sphincter disruption is very good.
authors: Intestinal Imaging Centre, St Mark's Hospital, Harrow, UK.
authors: D M
authors: DM
authors: Gold
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Halligan
authors: W A
authors: WA
authors: Kmiot
authors: C I
authors: CI
authors: Bartram
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001004:Anus Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D019160:Endosonography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation