title: Tissue factor pathway inhibitor expression in human crescentic glomerulonephritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tissue factor (TF) pathway inhibitor (TFPI), the major endogenous inhibitor of extrinsic coagulation pathway activation, protects renal function in experimental crescentic glomerulonephritis (GN). Its glomerular expression and relationship to TF expression and fibrin deposition in human crescentic GN have not been reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  Glomerular TFPI, TF, and fibrin-related antigen (FRA) expression were correlated in renal biopsies from 11 patients with crescentic GN. Biopsies from 11 patients with thin basement membrane disease and two normal kidneys were used as controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TFPI was undetectable in control glomeruli but was detectable in interstitial microvessels. In crescentic biopsies, TFPI was detected in cellular crescents and was more prominent in fibrous/fibrocellular crescents, indicating a correlation with the chronicity of crescentic lesions. TFPI appeared to be associated with macrophages but not endothelial or epithelial cells. TFPI was generally undetectable in regions of the glomerular tuft with minimal damage. In contrast, TF and FRA were strongly expressed in regions of minimal injury, as well as in more advanced proliferative and necrotizing lesions. Despite prominent TF expression, FRA was less prominent in fibrous/fibrocellular crescents in which TFPI expression was maximal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that TFPI is strongly expressed in the later stages of crescent formation and is inversely correlated with the presence of FRA in human crescentic GN. This late induction of TFPI may inhibit TF activity and favor reduced fibrin deposition in the chronic stages of crescent formation.
authors: Department of Medicine, Monash University, Monash Medical Center, Clayton, Australia. malcolmc@its-mmcc1.cc.monash.edu.au
authors: M A
authors: MA
authors: Cunningham
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Ono
authors: T D
authors: TD
authors: Hewitson
authors: P G
authors: PG
authors: Tipping
authors: G J
authors: GJ
authors: Becker
authors: S R
authors: SR
authors: Holdsworth
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000941:Antigens / Q000096:biosynthesis; D001160:Arterioles / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001485:Basement Membrane / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001706:Biopsy; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005337:Fibrin / Q000378:metabolism; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000276:immunology; D005921:Glomerulonephritis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013925:Thromboplastin / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D000941:Antigens; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; D008074:Lipoproteins; C023456:fibrinogen-related antigen; C051928:lipoprotein-associated coagulation inhibitor; D005337:Fibrin; D013925:Thromboplastin