title: Comparison of physical chemical properties of llama VHH antibody fragments and mouse monoclonal antibodies.
abstract: Antigen specific llama VHH antibody fragments were compared to antigen specific mouse monoclonal antibodies with respect to specificity, affinity and stability. The llama VHH antibody fragments and the mouse monoclonal antibodies investigated were shown to be highly specific for the protein antigen hCG or the hapten antigen RR-6. The affinity of the interaction between monovalent llama VHH antibody fragments and their antigen is close to the nanomolar range, similar to the bivalent mouse monoclonal antibodies studied. Llama VHH antibody fragments are similar to mouse monoclonal antibodies with respect to antigen binding in the presence of ammonium thiocyanate and ethanol. The results show that relative to antigen specific mouse monoclonal antibodies, antigen specific llama VHH fragments are extremely temperature stable. Two out of six llama VHHs are able to bind antigen specifically at temperatures as high as 90 degrees C, whereas four out of four mouse monoclonal antibodies are not functional at this temperature. Together with the finding that llama VHH fragments can be produced at high yield in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, these findings indicate that in the near future antigen specific llama VHH fragments can be used in for antibodies unexpected products and processes.
authors: Department of Immunology, Pathobiology and Epidemiology, DLO-Institute for Animal Science and Health, Edelhertweg 15, 8200 AB, Lelystad, The Netherlands.
authors: R H
authors: RH
authors: van der Linden
authors: L G
authors: LG
authors: Frenken
authors: B
authors: B
authors: de Geus
authors: M M
authors: MM
authors: Harmsen
authors: R C
authors: RC
authors: Ruuls
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Stok
authors: L
authors: L
authors: de Ron
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Wilson
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Davis
authors: C T
authors: CT
authors: Verrips
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology*; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D002161:Camelids, New World / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D000431:Ethanol; D007128:Immunoglobulin Fragments / Q000276:immunology*; D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains / Q000276:immunology*; D007135:Immunoglobulin Variable Region / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D013696:Temperature; D013861:Thiocyanates
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D007128:Immunoglobulin Fragments; D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains; D007135:Immunoglobulin Variable Region; D013861:Thiocyanates; D000431:Ethanol; C026976:thiocyanic acid