title: Histological changes during clearance of chronic hepatitis B virus infection by adoptive immunity transfer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Serological clearance of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) has been described after reception of hepatitis B surface antibody positive marrow, via allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Histological changes during the clearance of HBsAg are unknown.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We described two chronic hepatitis B carriers (both hepatitis B e antigen negative), who cleared HBsAg after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Both received hepatitis B surface and core antibody positive human leucocyte antigen identical donors' marrow and had serological clearance of HBsAg 15 and 7 weeks after allogeneic BMT, respectively. Both events were preceded by hepatic flare. Both patients were also treated with famciclovir for the prevention of hepatitis B reactivation after BMT. Histological examination during the flare showed only mild necroinflammatory activity with multiple foci of confluent necrosis, associated with moderate lymphocytic infiltration. The majority of these lymphocytes were cluster of differentiation (CD) 8 positive. Using immunohistochemistry, there was no detectable hepatic expression of hepatitis B core antigen. However, HBsAg was positive, mainly in the area of confluent necrosis. Using in situ hybridization, hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA was detected in the nucleus of 5% of hepatocytes, but not in the cytoplasm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At their last follow up, 22 and 16 months after BMT, the serum of both patients remained HBsAg negative, hepatitis B surface antibody positive and HBV-DNA negative by branched DNA assay.
authors: Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China. gkklau@hkstar.com
authors: G K
authors: GK
authors: Lau
authors: S T
authors: ST
authors: Yuen
authors: W Y
authors: WY
authors: Au
authors: P C
authors: PC
authors: Wu
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Liang
mesh_terms: D015075:2-Aminopurine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D000077595:Famciclovir; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D015464:Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / Q000628:therapy; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D015075:2-Aminopurine; D000077595:Famciclovir