title: Relationships between physician advice and tobacco and alcohol use during pregnancy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We sought to examine relationships between physician advice and use of tobacco and alcohol during pregnancy among 683 women in the upper Midwest.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on risk of substance use during pregnancy were analyzed using logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A higher proportion of women used tobacco (34%) than alcohol (25%) during their most recent pregnancy. Women who received advice from a physician to abstain from alcohol reported a lower risk of smoking and drinking during pregnancy than women who did not receive such advice. Risk of smoking and drinking during pregnancy was also common among women who reported early onset of alcohol use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that physician advice regarding alcohol use during pregnancy is protective against maternal smoking and drinking during pregnancy.
authors: University of Minnesota, School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, Minneapolis 55454-1015, USA.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Jones-Webb
authors: M
authors: M
authors: McKiver
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Pirie
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Miner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008910:Minnesota / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D010819:Physician's Role; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D011247:Pregnancy; D011295:Prenatal Care; D012307:Risk Factors; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention