title: Functional characterization of the human PAX3 gene regulatory region.
abstract: Spatiotemporal expression of the PAX3 gene is tightly regulated during development. We have isolated and sequenced the 5'-flanking regulatory region of human PAX3. Primer extension and ribonuclease protection mapping revealed that transcription is initiated from a single start site downstream of a TATA-like motif in human brain and peripheral tissues. Functional dissection of the gene's 5'-flanking region, which had been fused to a luciferase reporter gene and transiently expressed in rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) and cos-7 cells, indicated that the upstream region of PAX3 contains multiple positive and negative cis-acting regulatory elements. While the basal promoter is likely to be driven by two CCAAT boxes located at nucleotide positions -90 and -135, a cluster of regulatory elements acting as a strong repressor was detected between nucleotides -1200 and -650. Comparison of human and murine sequences revealed more than 90% identity in this segment. A polymorphic (CA)n repeat sequence and a G/C substitution are located 337 bp and 328 bp upstream of the transcription start site, respectively. PCR-based systematic screening for length variations in 225 unrelated individuals of a Caucasian population showed a bimodal distribution of multiple alleles containing between 13 and 30 repeat units. Although the (CA)25 variant of this PAX3 gene-linked polymorphic region (PAX3LPR) conferred lower transcriptional efficiency on the PAX3 promoter, a regulatory impact of the PAX3LPR on PAX3 expression related to brain plasticity and function remains to be demonstrated.
authors: Clinical Neurochemistry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Würzburg, Füchsleinstrasse 15, Würzburg, 97080, Germany.
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Okladnova
authors: Y V
authors: YV
authors: Syagailo
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Tranitz
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Riederer
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Stöber
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Mössner
authors: K P
authors: KP
authors: Lesch
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D019556:COS Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D018900:Dinucleotide Repeats; D015723:Gene Library; D005809:Genes, Regulator / Q000235:genetics*; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008156:Luciferases / Q000378:metabolism; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D000072041:PAX3 Transcription Factor; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors; D010957:Plasmids; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012208:Rhabdomyosarcoma / Q000378:metabolism; D012260:Ribonucleases / Q000378:metabolism; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D000072041:PAX3 Transcription Factor; C489409:PAX3 protein, human; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors; C068686:Pax3 protein, mouse; D008156:Luciferases; D012260:Ribonucleases