State and trait anxiety in women affected by allergic and vasomotor rhinitis.
It is still debatable whether anxiety and depression in patients affected by rhinitis could play a role in the genesis of the disease, whether they are a consequence of the symptoms. The aim of this study was to evaluate anxiety levels in both state and trait forms, and depression, in patients affected by allergic (AR) and vasomotor rhinitis (VMR). A total of 45 women, 24 AR and 21 VMR were compared with 64 healthy nonallergic women matched for age and sociodemographic characteristics. All subjects were administered the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Zung self-rating depression scale. The percentage of subjects with high levels of state anxiety was significantly higher in AR (p<0.005) and VMR (p<0.01) with respect to controls. The percentage of subjects with high levels of trait anxiety was significantly higher in AR (p<0.001) and VMR (p<0.05) than controls. There was no significant difference in depression between AR and VMR and controls. No significant difference was found in state anxiety, trait anxiety, or depression between AR and VMR. In conclusion, anxiety in patients with rhinitis is present both as a state and as a trait, at least when measured with the STAI.
Addolorato
G
G
Institute of Internal Medicine, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
Ancona
C
C
Capristo
E
E
Graziosetto
R
R
Di Rienzo
L
L
Maurizi
M
M
Gasbarrini
G
G
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015213:Neuroimmunomodulation; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000592:standards*; D011594:Psychometrics; D012221:Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D012223:Rhinitis, Vasomotor / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*