title: A new methodology for controlled particle inhalation by small rodents.
abstract: In order to investigate the deposition, retention, and clearance mechanisms implicated in particle inhalation under standardized conditions, we developed a continuous negative-pressure ventilation system, whereby the breathing pattern in small rodents could be controlled during exposure to aerosols. Using an on-line open-flow set-up, 19 anesthetized, intubated, and paralyzed Syrian golden hamsters, individually contained within a whole-body box, were artificially ventilated under the said continuous negative-pressure conditions, 1 of 5 different combinations of breathing frequency and tidal volume being established. The animals were then exposed to aerosols containing 6-micron diameter polystyrene spheres, and the deposition of particles in the conducting airways was monitored photometrically. During exposure, the level of respiration (mean lung inflation) was stabilized by means of a negative-pressure vent. Breathing frequency and tidal volume, as well as the compliance of the system, remained virtually unchanged during the course of a single experiment, and in each case, a reproducible deposition of particles was achieved. Our findings indicate that tidal volume, but not breathing frequency, has a marked influence on the particle deposition ratio. Breathing frequency exerts opposing and counterbalancing effects on this latter parameter by enhancing the impaction of particles on the one hand, and by decreasing sedimentation on the other.
authors: Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Switzerland.
authors: U
authors: U
authors: Waber
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Im Hof
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Geiser
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Baumann
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Scheuch
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Gebhardt
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Stahlhofen
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Gehr
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000336:Aerosols; D000818:Animals; D006224:Cricetinae; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008647:Mesocricetus; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D010316:Particle Size; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000379:methods; D015919:Ventilators, Negative-Pressure
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols