title: Nasal decongestion with imidazoline derivatives: acoustic rhinometry measurements.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this single-blind study was to establish whether there are any differences between conventional imidazoline-containing nasal drops with regard to duration of action and decongestion potential.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six different substances were each administered to 108 healthy volunteers (nine groups of 12 adults), respectively, in the concentration recommended for adults (and two also in that recommended for infants) over a period of 8 h in comparison with 0.9% NaCl. The volumetric measurement of the nasal lumen was conducted by means of acoustic rhinometry (Rhinoklack).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The decongestive effect of all imidazoline preparations set in relatively uniformly, without any appreciable differences. After 20 min all the products exhibited approximately 60% of their maximum decongestive effect, which was achieved after approximately 40 min, having produced an increase in volume of approximately 20%. In contrast, in terms of duration of action, considerable differences between the individual products were to be discerned: indanazoline 0.118%, naphazoline 0.02% and tetryzoline 0.1% had no effect whatsoever after 4 h. Oxymetazoline 0.05% and 0.01%, xylometazoline 0.025% and 0.1%, and tramazoline 0.1264% still had an appreciable effect after 4 h, while after 8 h only oxymetazoline 0.05% and 0.01% still had a relevant decongestive effect. A rebound effect associated with reactive hyperaemia was observed after 8 h in all short-acting products (indanazoline, naphazoline, tetryzoline and tramazoline), which in the case of indanazoline was even associated with a reduction in the nasal lumen. Interestingly, there were no differences between the xylometazoline and oxymetazoline concentrations recommended for adults and those for infants in terms of efficacy. The low-dose concentrations of the preparations for infants appear to be sufficient to produce a satisfactory therapeutic effect.
authors: Klinik für Mund-, Kiefer-, Gesichtschirurgie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Germany. hochban@uni-marburg.de
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Hochban
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Althoff
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Ziegler
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000187:drug effects*; D014663:Nasal Decongestants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016037:Single-Blind Method
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D014663:Nasal Decongestants