title: Sensors for implantable pacemakers.
abstract: Cardiac pacemaker technology has progressed greatly since the first implantable pacemaker was invented in the 1950s.  The most recent improvement incorporates sensors that measure the body's metabolic responses and then appropriately pace according to these measurements. This article reviews this technology and examines the various sensors used in rate-responsive pacemakers.
authors: The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Natarajan
authors: N V
authors: NV
authors: Thakor
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008660:Metabolism; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial / Q000639:trends*; D012119:Respiration; D013696:Temperature