title: MR phase-contrast flow measurement with limited spatial resolution in small vessels: value of model-based image analysis.
abstract: Magnetic resonance phase-contrast volume flow rate (VFR) measurement with limited resolution in small vessels is subject to two major sources of error: a) partial volume artifacts, causing systematic overestimation of the VFR, and b) errors related to the selection of vessel pixels [region of interest (ROI)], causing large inter-observer and intra-observer variability. Additionally, limited resolution results in Gibbs-ringing around vessels, which adversely affects VFR determination. In this paper, a semi-automatic model-based method is presented that effectively eliminates errors due to both partial volume effect and Gibbs-ringing and also minimizes errors from variability in the ROI selection. The model assumes a parabolic flow profile and cylindrical vessel geometry, incorporates inflow effects, and takes into account the point-spread function of the acquisition. The method automatically estimates maximum velocity, vessel radius, and VFR. The method is validated in phantoms under various conditions and evaluated in vivo. For small vessels with moderately pulsatile flow, it is demonstrated that accurate VFRs and diameter estimates are obtained, virtually independent of the ROI selection, even in vessels covered by just a few pixels. Compared with conventional VFR analysis, both accuracy and reproducibility improve significantly.
authors: Department of Radiology, Image Sciences Institute, University Hospital Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors: R M
authors: RM
authors: Hoogeveen
authors: C J
authors: CJ
authors: Bakker
authors: M A
authors: MA
authors: Viergever
mesh_terms: D001488:Basilar Artery / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D003287:Contrast Media; D046508:Culture Techniques; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D015588:Observer Variation; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014711:Vertebral Artery / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media