title: The Diabetes Prevention Program. Design and methods for a clinical trial in the prevention of type 2 diabetes.
abstract: The Diabetes Prevention Program is a randomized clinical trial testing strategies to prevent or delay the development of type 2 diabetes in high-risk individuals with elevated fasting plasma glucose concentrations and impaired glucose tolerance. The 27 clinical centers in the U.S. are recruiting at least 3,000 participants of both sexes, approximately 50% of whom are minority patients and 20% of whom are > or = 65 years old, to be assigned at random to one of three intervention groups: an intensive lifestyle intervention focusing on a healthy diet and exercise and two masked medication treatment groups--metformin or placebo--combined with standard diet and exercise recommendations. Participants are being recruited during a 2 2/3-year period, and all will be followed for an additional 3 1/3 to 5 years after the close of recruitment to a common closing date in 2002. The primary outcome is the development of diabetes, diagnosed by fasting or post-challenge plasma glucose concentrations meeting the 1997 American Diabetes Association criteria. The 3,000 participants will provide 90% power to detect a 33% reduction in an expected diabetes incidence rate of at least 6.5% per year in the placebo group. Secondary outcomes include cardiovascular disease and its risk factors; changes in glycemia, beta-cell function, insulin sensitivity, obesity, diet, physical activity, and health-related quality of life; and occurrence of adverse events. A fourth treatment group--troglitazone combined with standard diet and exercise recommendations--was included initially but discontinued because of the liver toxicity of the drug. This randomized clinical trial will test the possibility of preventing or delaying the onset of type 2 diabetes in individuals at high risk.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D002839:Chromans / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000502:physiology; D008019:Life Style; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008687:Metformin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D011788:Quality of Life; D012107:Research Design; D012307:Risk Factors; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D000077288:Troglitazone
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002839:Chromans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D013844:Thiazoles; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D008687:Metformin; D000077288:Troglitazone