title: Chronic treatment with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation inhibits seizure induction by electroconvulsive shock in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies in laboratory animals suggest that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and electroconvulsive shock (ECS) increase seizure inhibition acutely. This study was designed to explore whether chronic rTMS would also have seizure inhibition properties.
  
  
  METHODS
  To this purpose we administered rTMS (Magstim Rapid) and sham rTMS twice daily (2.5 T, 4-sec train duration, 20 Hz) to two groups of 10 rats for 16 days. The rTMS coil was a 50-mm figure-8 coil held directly over the rat's head. Raters were blind to experimental groups. On days 11, 17, and 21 (5 days after the last rTMS) ECS was administered with a Siemens convulsator using three electrical charge levels. Variables examined were the presence or absence of seizures and seizure length (measured from the initiation of the tonic contraction until the end of the limb movement).
  
  
  RESULTS
  At day 11 rTMS had no effect on seizures, and both rTMS and sham rTMS animals convulsed equally. At day 17, however, rTMS-treated animals convulsed significantly less (both at presence/absence of seizures, and at seizure length) than sham rTMS animals. At day 21 the effects of rTMS had disappeared.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that rTMS administered chronically leads to changes in seizure threshold similar to those reported for ECS and ECT; however, these effects were short-lived.
authors: Psychiatry Division, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Fleischmann
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Hirschmann
authors: O T
authors: OT
authors: Dolberg
authors: P N
authors: PN
authors: Dannon
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Grunhaus
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004597:Electroshock / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012640:Seizures / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D012886:Skull / Q000294:innervation*; D013997:Time Factors; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000627:therapeutic use*