title: Dose dependence of CTL precursor frequency induced by a DNA vaccine and correlation with protective immunity against influenza virus challenge.
abstract: Intramuscular injection of BALB/c mice with a DNA plasmid encoding nucleoprotein (NP) from influenza virus A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) provides cross-strain protection against lethal challenge with influenza virus A/HK/68 (H3N2). CTL specific for the H-2Kd-restricted epitope NP147-155 are present in these mice and are thought to play a role in the protection. To assess the effectiveness of NP DNA immunization in comparison with influenza virus infection in the induction of CTL responses, we monitored the frequency of CTL precursors (CTLp) in mice following i.m. injection with NP DNA or intranasal infection with influenza virus and showed that the CTLp frequency in NP DNA-immunized mice can reach levels found in mice that had been infected with influenza virus. We also measured the CTLp frequency, anti-NP Ab titers, and T cell proliferative responses in mice that were injected with titrated dosages of NP DNA and documented a correlation of the CTLp frequency and the Ab titers, but not proliferative responses, with the injection dose. Furthermore, we observed a positive correlation between the frequency of NP147-155 epitope-specific CTLp and the extent of protective immunity against cross-strain influenza challenge induced by NP DNA injection. Collectively, these results and our early observations from adoptive transfer experiments of in vitro activated lymphocytes from NP DNA-immunized mice suggest a protective function of NP-specific CTLp in mice against cross-strain influenza virus challenge.
authors: Department of Virus and Cell Biology, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA. tong-min_fu@merck.com
authors: T M
authors: TM
authors: Fu
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Guan
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Friedman
authors: T L
authors: TL
authors: Schofield
authors: J B
authors: JB
authors: Ulmer
authors: M A
authors: MA
authors: Liu
authors: J J
authors: JJ
authors: Donnelly
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic / Q000276:immunology; D004306:Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; D005260:Female; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology*; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D019590:Nucleocapsid Proteins; D009698:Nucleoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D014758:Viral Core Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus; C048842:NP protein, Influenza A virus; D019590:Nucleocapsid Proteins; D009698:Nucleoproteins; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D014758:Viral Core Proteins