title: Spatially resolved force spectroscopy of biological surfaces using the atomic force microscope.
abstract: The spatial distribution of intermolecular forces governs macromolecular interactions. The atomic force microscope, a relatively new tool for investigating interaction forces between nanometer-scale objects, can be used to produce spatially resolved maps of the surface or material properties of a sample; these include charge density, adhesion and stiffness, as well as the force required to break specific ligand-receptor bonds. Maps such as these will provide fundamental insights into biological structure and will become an important tool for characterizing technologically important biological systems.
authors: Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
authors: W F
authors: WF
authors: Heinz
authors: J H
authors: JH
authors: Hoh
mesh_terms: D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002462:Cell Membrane; D004548:Elasticity; D005544:Forecasting; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008422:Materials Testing; D008566:Membranes / Q000166:cytology; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force / Q000379:methods*; D008954:Models, Biological; D011108:Polymers; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D055672:Static Electricity; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers