Role of endothelin-1 and interleukin-4 in buccal mucosal ulcer healing: effect of chronic alcohol ingestion.
We investigated the effect of chronic alcohol ingestion on buccal mucosal ulcer healing by analyzing the interplay between mucosal expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), endothelin-1 (ET-1), and interleukin-4 (IL-4). Chronic ulceration was induced in rats maintained for 5 weeks on alcohol-containing or control liquid diet. In both groups, the ulcer onset was characterized by a massive increase (6.5-8.9-fold) in TNF-alpha and ET-1 (1.6-4.0-fold), and a decrease (1.4-1.5-fold) in IL-4. However, the group on the alcohol diet exhibited a 38.3% higher mucosal expression of TNF-alpha, a 26. 2% higher ET-1 level, and a 6.5% lower content of IL-4. While in both groups the ulcer healing was accompanied by an increase in buccal mucosal expression of IL-4, and a decline in ET-1 and TNF-alpha, the changes were significantly slower in the alcohol diet group and manifested by a 4 day delay in ulcer healing. The results suggest that chronic alcohol ingestion exerts detrimental effects on the buccal mucosal IL-4 expression, causing dysregulation of ET-1 production, induction of TNF-alpha, and triggering apoptotic events that delay the mucosal repair.
Slomiany
B L
BL
Research Center, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, 07103-2400, USA.
Piotrowski
J
J
Slomiany
A
A
D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002908:Chronic Disease; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D014456:Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*
D019332:Endothelin-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015847:Interleukin-4; D000431:Ethanol; D019342:Acetic Acid