title: The mixed lineage kinase DLK utilizes MKK7 and not MKK4 as substrate.
abstract: Mixed lineage kinases DLK (dual leucine zipper-bearing kinase) and MLK3 have been proposed to function as mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases in pathways leading to stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase activation. Differences in primary protein structure place these MLK (mixed lineage kinase) enzymes in separate subfamilies and suggest that they perform distinct functional roles. Both DLK and MLK3 associated with, phosphorylated, and activated MKK7 in vitro. Unlike MLK3, however, DLK did not phosphorylate or activate recombinant MKK4 in vitro. In confirmatory experiments performed in vivo, DLK both associated with and activated MKK7. The relative localization of endogenous DLK, MLK3, MKK4, and MKK7 was determined in cells of the nervous system. Distinct from MLK3, which was identified in non-neuronal cells, DLK and MKK7 were detected predominantly in neurons in sections of adult rat cortex by immunocytochemistry. Subcellular fractionation experiments of cerebral cortex identified DLK and MKK7 in similar nuclear and extranuclear subcellular compartments. Concordant with biochemical experiments, however, MKK4 occupied compartments distinct from that of DLK and MKK7. That DLK and MKK7 occupied subcellular compartments distinct from MKK4 was confirmed by immunocytochemistry in primary neuronal culture. The dissimilar cellular specificity of DLK and MLK3 and the specific substrate utilization and subcellular compartmentation of DLK suggest that specific mixed lineage kinases participate in unique signal transduction events.
authors: Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-0676, USA.
authors: S E
authors: SE
authors: Merritt
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Mata
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Nihalani
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Zhu
authors: X
authors: X
authors: Hu
authors: L B
authors: LB
authors: Holzman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019556:COS Cells; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D016350:Leucine Zippers; D048688:MAP Kinase Kinase 7; D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D011494:Protein Kinases; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases; C090757:mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 12; D048688:MAP Kinase Kinase 7; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases