title: The use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) to promote spinal fusion in a nonhuman primate anterior interbody fusion model.
abstract: METHODS
  A study on the efficacy of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) in a nonhuman primate anterior interbody fusion model.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the efficacy of rhBMP-2 with an absorbable collagen sponge carrier to promote spinal fusion in a nonhuman primate anterior interbody fusion model.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  RhBMP-2 is an osteoinductive growth factor capable of inducing new bone formation in vivo. Although dosage studies using rhBMP-2 have been performed on species of lower phylogenetic level, they cannot be extrapolated to the primate. Dosage studies on nonhuman primates are essential before proceeding with human primate application.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six female adult Macaca mulatta (rhesus macaque) monkeys underwent an anterior L7-S1 interbody lumbar fusion. All six sites were assigned randomly to one of two fusion methods: 1) autogenous bone graft within a single freeze-dried smooth cortical dowel allograft cylinder (control) or 2) rhBMP-2-soaked absorbable collagen sponges within a single freeze-dried smooth cortical dowel allograft cylinder also soaked in rhBMP-2. The animals underwent a baseline computed tomography scan followed by 3- and 6-month postoperation scans. Anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the lumbosacral spine were performed monthly. After the monkeys were killed, the lumbar spine fusion sites were evaluated. Histologic evaluation of all fusion sites was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The three monkeys receiving rhBMP-2-soaked collagen sponges with a freeze-dried allograft demonstrated radiographic signs of fusion as early as 8 weeks. The control animals were slower to reveal new bone formation. The computed tomography scans revealed extensive fusion of the L7-S1 lumbar vertebrae in the group with rhBMP-2. A pseudarthrosis was present in two of the control animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study was able to document the efficacy of rhBMP-2 with an absorbable collagen sponge carrier and a cortical dowel allograft to promote anterior interbody fusion in a nonhuman primate model at a dose of 0.4 mg per implant site (1.5 mg/mL concentration). The late of new bone formation and fusion with the use of rhBMP-2 and cortical dowel allograft appears to be far superior to that of autogenous cancellous iliac crest graft with cortical dowel allograft.
authors: William Beaumont Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics, Royal Oak, Michigan, USA.
authors: B P
authors: BP
authors: Hecht
authors: J S
authors: JS
authors: Fischgrund
authors: H N
authors: HN
authors: Herkowitz
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Penman
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Toth
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Shirkhoda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D003094:Collagen; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000166:cytology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000187:drug effects; D011897:Random Allocation; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012447:Sacrum / Q000166:cytology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000379:methods*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: C525718:BMP2 protein, human; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D004337:Drug Carriers; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D003094:Collagen