title: Onset time, recovery duration, and drug cost with four different methods of inducing general anesthesia.
abstract: We compared two conventional induction techniques (thiopental and propofol), an inhaled induction with sevoflurane using a circle system, and a rebreathing method. Fentanyl 1 microg/kg was given to women undergoing 10- to 20-min procedures. Anesthesia was induced (n = 20 each) with one of the following: 1) sevoflurane and N2O from a rebreathing bag (Sevo/Bag). A 5-L bag was prefilled with a mixture of sevoflurane 7% and N2O 60% in oxygen. The bag was connected between the normal circle system, separated by a spring-loaded valve; 2) sevoflurane 8% and N2O 60% from a circle system on a conventional anesthesia machine with a total fresh gas flow of 6 L/min (Sevo/Circle); 3) propofol 3 mg/kg as an i.v. bolus; 4) thiopental sodium 5 mg/kg as an i.v. bolus. Postoperative nausea and vomiting was treated with ondansetron. Induction times were comparable with each method. Recovery duration was shortest with sevoflurane, intermediate with propofol, and longest with thiopental. Induction drug costs were lowest with Sevo/Bag and thiopental, intermediate with Sevo/Circle, and highest with propofol. However, sevoflurane (by either method) caused considerable nausea and vomiting that required treatment. Consequently, total drug cost was least with thiopental, intermediate with Sevo/Bag and propofol, and greatest with Sevo/Circle. Thus, no single technique was clearly superior.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anesthetic induction techniques influence awakening time, recovery duration, and drug costs. We tested two i.v. methods and two inhaled techniques. However, none of the four tested methods was clearly superior to the others.
authors: Department of Anesthesia and General Intensive Care (A), University of Vienna, Austria.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Fleischmann
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Akça
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Wallner
authors: C F
authors: CF
authors: Arkiliç
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Kurz
authors: R S
authors: RS
authors: Hickle
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Zimpfer
authors: D I
authors: DI
authors: Sessler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D000773:Anesthesia, Obstetrical / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics; D008875:Middle Aged; D015742:Propofol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D013874:Thiopental / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D013874:Thiopental; D015742:Propofol