title: Early-onset accommodative esotropia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the frequency of accommodative esotropia with onset by 6 months of age; to determine if the presence or absence of characteristics usually associated with infantile esotropia can help in the diagnosis; and to determine if antiaccommodative therapy is adequate treatment for the esotropia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The charts of 100 patients with infantile esotropia, seen over a 2-year period (September 1995 to September 1997), were reviewed. We identified those with at least 2.25 diopters (D) of hyperopia and determined the presence of large angle esotropia (> 30 to 40 prism diopters [delta]), amblyopia, inferior oblique overaction, dissociated vertical deviation, latent nystagmus, and cross-fixation. The success of antiaccommodative therapy, if attempted, was also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 100 patients with infantile esotropia, 15 (15%) were found to have at least +2.25 D. This represented 8% of all patients with accommodative esotropia seen over the same time period. The average age at initial examination was 21 months, although the reported age of onset in all cases was 6 months or less. Two had surgery before presenting to our institute. Eleven of 13 (84%) had 40 delta or less. Six (40%) of the 15 had amblyopia, 5 (33%) had inferior oblique overaction, 3 (20%) had dissociated vertical deviation, 1 (7%) had latent nystagmus, and 4 (27%) had cross-fixation. Of the 13, 7 were given glasses initially, with 3 being fully corrected. Six were not given glasses, all had surgery, and all were given glasses postoperatively for a residual esotropia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fifteen percent of infantile esotropia patients and 8% of accommodative esotropia patients have infantile accommodative esotropia. Other characteristics of infantile esotropia may be present, but are less frequent, and at least 40% are fully corrected with spectacles indicating that when the hyperopia is 2.25 D or greater, antiaccommodative therapy should be instituted before surgery.
authors: Saint Louis University Eye Institute, Missouri, USA.
authors: S A
authors: SA
authors: Havertape
authors: C R
authors: CR
authors: Whitfill
authors: O A
authors: OA
authors: Cruz
mesh_terms: D000065:Accommodation, Ocular; D017668:Age of Onset; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004948:Esotropia / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D005139:Eyeglasses; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D012029:Refraction, Ocular; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity