title: Glucose potassium insulin infusions in the treatment of acute stroke patients with mild to moderate hyperglycemia: the Glucose Insulin in Stroke Trial (GIST).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hyperglycemia following acute stroke is strongly associated with subsequent mortality and impaired neurological recovery, but it is unknown whether maintenance of euglycemia in the acute phase improves prognosis. Furthermore, the safety of such intervention is not established.
  
  
  METHODS
  In an explanatory, randomized, controlled trial to test safety, 53 acute (within 24 hours of ictus) stroke patients with mild to moderate hyperglycemia (plasma glucose between 7.0 and 17.0 mmol/L) were randomized to receive either a 24-hour infusion of 0.9% (154 mmol/L) saline or a glucose potassium insulin (GKI) infusion at 100 mL/h. The GKI consisted of 16 U human soluble insulin and 20 mmol potassium chloride in 500 mL 10% glucose. Blood glucose was measured every 2 hours with Boehringer Mannheim Glycaemie test strips, pulse and blood pressure were measured every 4 hours, and plasma glucose samples were taken every 8 hours. Insulin concentration in the GKI was altered according to BM glucose values.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups at baseline. Twenty-five patients received GKI, 1 of whom required intravenous glucose for symptomatic hypoglycemia. Plasma glucose levels were nonsignificantly lower in the GKI group throughout the infusion period. Four-week mortality in the GKI group was 7 (28%), compared with 8 (32%) in the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GKI infusions can be safely administered to acute stroke patients with mild to moderate hyperglycemia producing a physiological but attenuated glucose response to acute stroke, the effectiveness of which remains to be elucidated.
authors: Department of Medicine, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
authors: J F
authors: JF
authors: Scott
authors: G M
authors: GM
authors: Robinson
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: French
authors: J E
authors: JE
authors: O'Connell
authors: K G
authors: KG
authors: Alberti
authors: C S
authors: CS
authors: Gray
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001786:Blood Glucose; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011188:Potassium / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D005947:Glucose; D011188:Potassium