title: APACHE II and ISS scores as predictors of nosocomial infections in trauma patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nosocomial infections affect more than 2 million patients annually in the United States at a cost of $4.5 billion. The aim of this study is to identify the role of the APACHE II score and the Injury Severity Scale (ISS) as independent predictors of nosocomial infections in trauma patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review of 113 trauma patients admitted to the ICU was conducted by an infectious disease physician. Demographic data and incidence of nosocomial infections were recorded. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine variables that are predictive of the occurrence of nosocomial infections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Presence or absence of intubation, ICU length of stay, APACHE II score, and ISS were related to the presence of infections; however, only the ICU length of stay was an independent predictor of a nosocomial infection, with an odds ratio of 1.81. By linear regression, 17% of the variance in the ICU duration of stay was a result of the APACHE II score in patients with a score >/=5.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  APACHE II score and ISS score were not good predictors of the incidence of nosocomial infections in trauma patients admitted to the ICU, but the APACHE II score has a modest correlation with the duration of stay in the ICU. A stratified cohort study could identify the subset of patients for which the APACHE II score predicts a prolonged stay in the ICU, thus an increased risk of infection.
authors: Division of Infectious Diseases, Wright State University School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio 45409, USA.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Hurr
authors: H B
authors: HB
authors: Hawley
authors: J S
authors: JS
authors: Czachor
authors: R J
authors: RJ
authors: Markert
authors: M C
authors: MC
authors: McCarthy
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D000328:Adult; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D007902:Length of Stay; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*