title: Autonomic nervous system tone measured by baroreflex sensitivity is depressed in patients with end-stage liver disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic liver disease is often associated with impairment of autonomic nervous system (ANS) reflexes. Baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) testing is an inexpensive, relatively noninvasive test that can be used to assess ANS tone. The aims of the present study were to determine the prevalence of ANS dysfunction in cirrhotics who are being considered for liver transplantation and to explore the potential use of BRS as a prognostic tool in identifying patients awaiting transplantation who are at increased risk for death.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied nine cirrhotics who were awaiting liver transplantation and seven controls without liver disease. BRS (ms/mm Hg) was measured using the phenylephrine method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BRS (mean +/- SEM) (ms/mm Hg) was significantly lower in cirrhotics compared with controls (4.2 +/- 0.9 vs 21.1 +/- 3.8 ms/mm Hg; p < 0.05). Furthermore, BRS was lower in cirrhotics with hepatic encephalopathy compared with those without (2.6 +/- 0.9 vs 6.1 +/- 1.0 ms/mm Hg; p < 0.05) and there was a trend toward lower BRS values in Child-Pugh class C patients as compared with class B (3.8 +/- 1.3 vs 5.3 +/- 1.2 ms/mm Hg; p = 0.3). At follow-up (9 months), one patient had died and one underwent liver transplantation. These two patients also had the most severely impaired vagal tone (BRS = 0 and 1.2 ms/mm Hg, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vagal tone, as assessed by BRS, is markedly depressed in cirrhotic patients awaiting liver transplantation.
authors: Department of Cardiology and The Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
authors: H V
authors: HV
authors: Barron
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Alam
authors: M D
authors: MD
authors: Lesh
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Strunk
authors: N M
authors: NM
authors: Bass
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001342:Autonomic Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017704:Baroreflex / Q000502:physiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006501:Hepatic Encephalopathy / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000503:physiopathology