title: Trends in antihypertensive drug advertising, 1985-1996.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Over the past decade, calcium channel blockers (CCBs) and ACE inhibitors have been used increasingly in the treatment of hypertension. In contrast, beta-blocker and diuretic use has decreased. It has been suggested that pharmaceutical marketing has influenced these prescribing patterns. No objective analysis of advertising for antihypertensive therapies exists, however.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We reviewed the January, April, July, and October issues of the New England Journal of Medicine from 1985 to 1996 (210 issues). The intensity of drug promotion was measured as the proportion of advertising pages used to promote a given medication. Statistical analyses used the chi2 test for trend. Advertising for CCBs increased from 4.6% of advertising pages in 1985 to 26.9% in 1996, while advertising for beta-blockers (12.4% in 1985 to 0% in 1996) and diuretics (4.2% to 0%) decreased (all P<0.0001). A nonsignificant increase was observed in advertising for ACE inhibitors (3.5% to 4.3%, P=0.17). Although the total number of drug advertising pages per issue decreased from 60 pages in 1985 to 42 pages in 1996 (P<0.001), the number of pages devoted to calcium channel blocker advertisements nearly quadrupled.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increasing promotion of CCBs has mirrored trends in physician prescribing. An association between advertising and prescribing patterns could explain why CCBs have supplanted better-substantiated therapies for hypertension.
authors: Institute for Health Policy and General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors: T J
authors: TJ
authors: Wang
authors: J C
authors: JC
authors: Ausiello
authors: R S
authors: RS
authors: Stafford
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000145:classification; D001581:Benzothiadiazines; D015706:Bibliometrics; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D004232:Diuretics; D004345:Drug Industry / Q000639:trends*; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008389:Marketing of Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends*; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011643:Publishing; D049993:Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001581:Benzothiadiazines; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D004232:Diuretics; D049993:Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors