title: Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor modulates the production of TNF alpha by differentiated U937 cells infected with Leishmania major.
abstract: In this work, the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) during interaction of human phagocytes with the intracellular parasite Leishmania major was further investigated. The human monocytic cell line U937, differentiated with a combination of 1 alpha, 25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD) and retinoic acid (RA), or with granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was used. Differentiated U937 cells were infected with Leishmania major promastigotes, and TNF alpha was assayed in cell culture supernatants. It was found that the cytokine was produced only by U937 cells differentiated with VD/RA and further incubated with GM-CSF and LPS or interferon gamma (IFN gamma). L. major induced TNF alpha production only in the presence of GM-CSF. No direct relationship was found, however, between production of TNF alpha and resistance of differentiated U937 cells to infection with L. major.
authors: Istituto di Microbiologia, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia Torre Biologica, Policlinico Universitario, Messina, Italy.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Arena
authors: A B
authors: AB
authors: Capozza
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Marino
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Zummo
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Iannello
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Mastroeni
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D018320:Leishmania major; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D020298:U937 Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014807:Vitamin D; D014212:Tretinoin; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor