title: Analgesics in the management of chronic pain. Part four: Step 3 oral analgesic drug therapy.
abstract: Reluctance to commence treatment with a Step 3 drug on the Analgesic Stepladder is a common reason for failure to manage chronic severe pain in many situations. The fourth article in the series reviews the potent opioid analgesics for oral use and in doing so addresses the various prejudices that surface when such therapy is denied.
authors: A M
authors: AM
authors: MacConnachie
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003916:Dextromoramide / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D006801:Humans; D004091:Hydromorphone / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009020:Morphine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D009020:Morphine; D003916:Dextromoramide; D004091:Hydromorphone