title: Reversal of peripheral microvascular dysfunction during long-term treatment with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor fosinopril in congestive heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in congestive heart failure (CHF) improves cardiac and peripheral hemodynamic function and exercise performance. However, studies on the effects of long-term treatment with an ACE inhibitor on the neurogenic and nonneurogenic regulation and structural microangiopathy of the peripheral microvasculature in CHF are lacking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We investigated the effect of 12 weeks of treatment with the ACE inhibitor fosinopril on peripheral microvascular function in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 12 patients treated with fosinopril and 10 patients treated with placebo. All had moderate CHF. Microvascular blood flow and resistance were calculated after application of the local isotope washout method in relaxed and nonrelaxed calf vascular beds in the supine position and during head-up tilt. Skeletal muscle vascular resistance was reduced in the fosinopril group (46 +/- 6 to 30 +/- 1 mm Hg.mL-1.100 g.min +/- standard error; P < .05) and differed compared with the effect of placebo (P < .05) where no change was seen (37 +/- 11 to 55 +/- 13 mm Hg.mL-1.100 g.min; not significant [NS]). Also, skin minimal vascular resistance was reduced during fosinopril treatment (13 +/- 0.6 to 11 +/- 0.7 mm Hg.mL-1.100 g.min; P < .05) and differed compared with the effect of placebo (P < .05) with absence of change (12 +/- 1.6 to 14 +/- 1.4 mm Hg.mL-1.100 g.min; NS).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that long-term ACE inhibitor treatment with fosinopril in patients with CHF improves hemodynamic status to as far as the peripheral microvascular level in both the relaxed and nonrelaxed microcirculation of the lower leg.
authors: Heart Center, Rigshospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Galatius
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Wroblewski
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Sørensen
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Haunsø
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Nørgaard
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Kastrup
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D017328:Fosinopril / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D011311:Pressoreceptors / Q000502:physiology; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D017328:Fosinopril