title: Long-term renal sodium handling in patients with cirrhosis treated with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts for refractory ascites.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The long-term effects of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts on renal sodium excretion are not known. We sought to determine these long-term effects, as well as to measure the effects of a sodium load in patients who are free of ascites.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients with cirrhosis who had been successfully treated with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt for refractory ascites were studied before the shunt and again at 6 and 14 months after the shunt while on a 22 mmol sodium/day diet. At 14 months they were also studied on a 200 mmol sodium/day diet for 7 days without diuretics. Renal sodium handling, central blood volume, neurohumoral factors, and hepatic function were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sodium balance was negative at 6 months (urinary sodium excretion [mean +/- SD] 51 +/- 11 mmol/day versus 7 +/- 2 mmol/day pre-shunt; P < 0.05), was maintained at 14 months (22 +/- 4 mmol/day; P < 0.05 versus pre-shunt), and was associated with normalization of renin activity and aldosterone levels, but not norepinephrine levels, as well as significantly improved renal hemodynamic measurements. Sodium loading with 200 mmol/day resulted in weight gain associated with increased central blood volume and appropriate renal sodium handling in most but not all patients (urinary sodium excretion 188 +/- 14 mmol/day), despite persistent nonsuppressibility of sympathetic hyperactivity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In cirrhotic patients with refractory ascites treated with a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt, long-term renal sodium handling is improved. Adequate intravascular filling in ascites-free cirrhotic patients with normal portal pressure permits an improved but not normalized renal response to a sodium load, possibly due to persistently elevated sympathetic activity. Therefore, these patients should increase their sodium intake cautiously.
authors: Department of Medicine, The Toronto Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Wong
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Liu
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Blendis
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Wong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001201:Ascites / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery*; D001810:Blood Volume; D005260:Female; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism*; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019168:Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D006728:Hormones; D012982:Sodium, Dietary