title: Mild therapeutic hypothermia for postischemic vasoconstriction in the perfused rat liver.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mild hypothermia, a promising therapy being evaluated for various clinical situations, may suppress the formation of reactive oxygen species during reperfusion and may ameliorate microcirculatory perfusion failure (the "no-reflow phenomenon").
  
  
  METHODS
  Isolated rat livers underwent 30 min of perfusion, 2.5 h of ischemia, and 3 h of reperfusion. The temperature was maintained at 34 degrees C (mild hypothermia, n = 5) or 38 degrees C (normothermia, n = 6) for all three periods by perfusion of a modified Krebs Henseleit solution, air surface cooling, or both. A third group of livers was normothermic before and during ischemia and mildly hypothermic during reperfusion (reperfusion hypothermia, n = 6). Control livers had 3 h of perfusion at normothermia. Chemiluminescence (a measure of the generation of reactive oxygen species) and hepatic vascular resistance were monitored simultaneously to evaluate the effect of temperature on the formation of reactive oxygen species and the development of no reflow. Also measured were thiobarbituric acid reactive species and lactate dehydrogenase, as indicators of oxidative stress and cell injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mild hypothermia decreased formation of reactive oxygen species and postischemic increases in vascular resistance. Reperfusion hypothermia also decreased postischemic increases in vascular resistance, but not as effectively as did mild hypothermia. Levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive species were lower for reperfusion hypothermia than for mild hypothermia at only 0 and 30 min of reperfusion. Lactate dehydrogenase was significant only at 0 min of reperfusion for the normothermic group. Oxygen consumption did not change.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevention of hepatic vascular injury by suppression of oxidative stress may be an important protective mechanism of mild hypothermia.
authors: Safar Center for Resuscitation Research and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA. haz1859@med.unc.edu
authors: H A
authors: HA
authors: Zar
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Tanigawa
authors: Y M
authors: YM
authors: Kim
authors: J R
authors: JR
authors: Lancaster
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D007511:Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply*; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010477:Perfusion; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014655:Vascular Resistance; D014661:Vasoconstriction
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase