Pacemaker-induced superior vena cava obstruction: bypass using the intact azygous vein.
Superior vena cava thrombosis due to pacemaker leads is an uncommon but well-recognized complication. Its pathogenesis remains unclear and it is usually a benign condition. Superior vena cava occlusion can be successfully treated by thrombolysis and anticoagulation if the occlusion is recent, balloon venoplasty and stenting, and surgery. We describe a case of superior vena cava obstruction successfully bypassed using the intact native azygous vein, a technique that has not been described before, with excellent long-term results.
Chia
H M
HM
Cardiothoracic Centre, St. Thomas' Hospital, (Guy's & St. Thomas Hospital Trust), London.
Anderson
D
D
Jackson
G
G
D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013479:Superior Vena Cava Syndrome / Q000209:etiology*; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology*