title: Chlamydia pneumoniae in atheroma: consideration of criteria for causality.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  (1) To seek evidence of the existence of Chlamydia pneumoniae in a spectrum of atheromatous lesions in different types of arteries from individuals of different ages, using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay supported by electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry; (2) to use electron microscopy to examine interactions between C pneumoniae and the cells present in the arterial tissue; (3) to assess the extent to which the data fulfil the criteria for causality.
  
  
  METHODS
  At necropsy examination, 35 arterial specimens were taken from 25 subjects. The grade of atheroma was determined macroscopically and microscopically and the tissues coded and examined by the three techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 35 specimens, 24 had macroscopic or microscopic atheromatous lesions of varying degree. Twenty two of the 35 specimens were examined by electron microscopy, C pneumoniae-like bodies being found in 11 (50%); seven specimens were examined by the immunocytochemical method, positive staining being detected in three; and all specimens were examined by the PCR technique, 15 (43%) being PCR positive. Overall, of the 24 specimens with lesions, 17 (71%) were positive by at least one of the three tests, whereas of the 11 specimens without lesions, only one was positive. The positive specimens comprised 10 of 19 aortas, three of six iliac arteries, and one coronary and one pulmonary artery. C pneumoniae was detected in four of six specimens in which there were early changes and in a 20 year old subject. Concerning the 25 subjects, of 17 who had atheromatous arteries, 14 (82%) were C pneumoniae positive and of the eight who had normal arteries, none was positive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a strong correlation between C pneumoniae and arterial atheromatous lesions. The organism may contribute to the disease process by damaging smooth muscle cells.
authors: University of the Witwatersrand, School of Pathology, South Africa.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Shor
authors: J I
authors: JI
authors: Phillips
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Ong
authors: B J
authors: BJ
authors: Thomas
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Taylor-Robinson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001011:Aorta / Q000382:microbiology; D001158:Arteries / Q000648:ultrastructure; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000150:complications*; D016993:Chlamydophila pneumoniae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D007083:Iliac Artery / Q000382:microbiology; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012307:Risk Factors