title: Comparison of the DNA adducts formed by tamoxifen and 4-hydroxytamoxifen in vivo.
abstract: Tamoxifen is a liver carcinogen in rats and has been associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer in women. Recent reports of DNA adducts in leukocyte and endometrial samples from women treated with tamoxifen suggest that it may be genotoxic to humans. One of the proposed pathways for the metabolic activation of tamoxifen involves oxidation to 4-hydroxytamoxifen, which may be further oxidized to an electrophilic quinone methide. In the present study, we compared the extent of DNA adduct formation in female Sprague-Dawley rats treated by gavage with seven daily doses of 54 micromol/kg tamoxifen or 4-hydroxytamoxifen and killed 24 h after the last dose. Liver weights and microsomal rates of ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation, 4-dimethylaminopyrine N-demethylation and p-nitrophenol oxidation were not altered by tamoxifen or 4-hydroxytamoxifen treatment. Uterine weights were decreased significantly and uterine peroxidase activity was decreased marginally in treated as compared with control rats. DNA adducts were assayed by 32P-post-labeling in combination with HPLC. Two major DNA adducts were detected in liver DNA from rats administered tamoxifen. These adducts had retention times comparable with those obtained from in vitro reactions of alpha-acetoxytamoxifen and 4-hydroxytamoxifen quinone methide with DNA. Hepatic DNA adduct levels in rats administered 4-hydroxytamoxifen did not differ from those observed in control rats. Likewise, adduct levels in uterus DNA from rats treated with tamoxifen or 4-hydroxytamoxifen were not different from those detected in control rats. These data suggest that a metabolic pathway involving 4-hydroxytamoxifen is not a major pathway in the activation of tamoxifen to a DNA-binding derivative in Sprague-Dawley rats.
authors: Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. fbeland@nctr.fda.gov
authors: F A
authors: FA
authors: Beland
authors: L P
authors: LP
authors: McDaniel
authors: M M
authors: MM
authors: Marques
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D018736:DNA Adducts / Q000737:chemistry*; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D005260:Female; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014599:Uterus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology
chemical_list: D018736:DNA Adducts; D007527:Isoenzymes; D013629:Tamoxifen; C016601:afimoxifene; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System