Does the tuberous sclerosis complex include intracranial aneurysms? A case report with a review of the literature.
BACKGROUND
Tuberous sclerosis is a protean, genetically determined disease that may involve any organ or tissue and lead to a great number of symptoms and clinical features.


OBJECTIVE
Diagnosis can be very difficult in cases with incomplete manifestations (formes fruste) lacking the classic signs of the disease.


METHODS
We report a case fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for tuberous sclerosis (shagreen patches, hypomelanotic macules, renal cysts and angiomyolipomas, and "migration tracts" in the cerebral white matter) in association with a giant intracranial aneurysm, but lacking mental retardation, epilepsy and facial angiofibroma.


RESULTS
Fourteen other cases of tuberous sclerosis and intracranial aneurysms, all but one without any clear sign of polycystic kidney disease, were found in the literature.


CONCLUSIONS
We suggest that vascular dysplasias in general and aneurysms (mainly intracranial) in particular can be added to the other non-primary diagnostic features for the clinical diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis.
Beltramello
A
A
Department of Radiology, University of Verona, Policlinico B.go Roma, Italy.
Puppini
G
G
Bricolo
A
A
Andreis
I A
IA
el-Dalati
G
G
Longa
L
L
Polidoro
S
S
Zavarise
G
G
Marradi
P
P
D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000175:diagnosis*; D018322:Angiofibroma / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply*; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D005153:Facial Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D014402:Tuberous Sclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*