title: Estradiol suppresses type I collagen synthesis in mesangial cells via activation of activator protein-1.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Estradiol suppresses the synthesis of type I collagen by murine mesangial cells. However, neither the alpha 1(I) nor the alpha 2(I) collagen gene contains an estrogen-response element. Because estradiol modulates the transcription of several genes that lack an estrogen-response element but contain a regulatory activator protein-1 (AP-1) binding motif, we hypothesized that AP-1 may mediate estradiol-induced suppression of type I collagen synthesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured type I collagen synthesis in murine mesangial cells exposed to estradiol, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (an activator of AP-1), or curcumin (an inhibitor of AP-1). We also assessed the effects of estradiol on the steady-state level of c-fos and c-jun mRNA and on the binding of mesangial cell nuclear extracts to an AP-1 consensus binding site oligonucleotide.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Estradiol (10(-10) M to 10(-7) M) suppressed type I collagen synthesis by murine mesangial cells in a dose-dependent manner (10(-7) M, 43.7 +/- 8.2% of control values, P < 0.001). Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (10 microM, four-hr exposure) also decreased type I collagen in the media. In contrast, curcumin (1 microM) increased type I collagen. Estradiol increased the steady-state level of c-fos mRNA twofold at 30 minutes, with a return to basal levels at one hour. This was associated with a greater than threefold increase in the binding of nuclear extracts from estradiol-treated mesangial cells to an AP-1 consensus binding site oligonucleotide. Estradiol-enhanced binding of nuclear extracts to the AP-1 oligonucleotide was reversed by cycloheximide.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that estradiol suppresses collagen I synthesis by murine mesangial cells via enhanced AP-1 activity.
authors: Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Silbiger
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Lei
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Neugarten
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001667:Binding, Competitive / Q000187:drug effects; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D003094:Collagen / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D004958:Estradiol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077267:Fulvestrant; D005920:Glomerular Mesangium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000235:genetics; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D000077267:Fulvestrant; D004958:Estradiol; D003094:Collagen; D003513:Cycloheximide; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate