title: Antiischemic effects of nicardipine and nitroglycerin after coronary artery bypass grafting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We assessed the efficacy of a continuous infusion of nicardipine and nitroglycerin in reducing the incidence and severity of perioperative myocardial ischemia during elective coronary artery bypass grafting procedures in a prospective, randomized, controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients received either nicardipine infusion (0.7 to 1.4 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1); n = 30) or nitroglycerin (0.5 to 1 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1); n = 30) or neither medication (n = 17) after aortic occlusion clamp release and for 24 hours postoperatively. Myocardial ischemic episodes (MIE) were considered to have occurred with ST-segment depressions or elevations of at least 1 mm and at least 2 mm (for both depressions or elevations), each at J + 60 ms and lasting at least 1 minute, using a two-channel Holter monitor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only nicardipine significantly decreased the duration (p = 0.02) of the 1-mm or greater minutes per hour (3.2 +/- 1.2 minutes per hour) and eliminated the number (p = 0.02) of the 2-mm or greater minutes per hour (zero minutes per hour) when compared with control patients (17.2 +/- 5.6 minutes per hour and 0.17 minutes per hour, respectively) during the intraoperative postbypass period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that nicardipine lessened the severity of myocardial ischemia shortly after coronary revascularization and could be considered as an alternative to standard antiischemic therapy.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA. apostoli@notes.wustl.edu
authors: I A
authors: IA
authors: Apostolidou
authors: G J
authors: GJ
authors: Despotis
authors: C W
authors: CW
authors: Hogue
authors: N J
authors: NJ
authors: Skubas
authors: C A
authors: CA
authors: McCawley
authors: E L
authors: EL
authors: Hauptmann
authors: D G
authors: DG
authors: Lappas
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000601:surgery*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009529:Nicardipine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D009529:Nicardipine; D005996:Nitroglycerin