title: Removal of orthodontic bonding resin residues by CO2 laser radiation: surface effects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the potential use of pulsed CO2 laser radiation to remove selectivity residues of orthodontic bonding resin that remain after debonding of fixed orthodontic appliances.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Current techniques used for removal of orthodontic bonding resin after removal of fixed appliances include rotary instruments, debonding pliers, and ultrasonic scalers. These techniques, however, are time-consuming and inefficient, and may damage tooth enamel.
  
  
  METHODS
  A standardized cylinder of orthodontic bonding resin was bonded to the buccal surfaces of 100 extracted premolar teeth, which were then divided into 10 groups of 10 specimens each. In 9 groups, the resin was ablated using 1 of 9 different laser parameters, while in the remaining control group, the resin was removed with a slow speed tungsten carbide bur. Specimens were evaluated by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to assess the amount of resin remaining and the extent of the damage to the underlying enamel.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 2 W/100 ms combination was optimal, with a high efficiency of resin removal and the least enamel damage. Higher laser powers increased the extent of enamel damage without enhancing resin removal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This laser technique appears promising, however, further studies of the extent of thermal changes at the level of the dental pulp are necessary to establish more fully the risk-benefit ratio.
authors: Department of Dentristry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
authors: S C
authors: SC
authors: Smith
authors: L J
authors: LJ
authors: Walsh
authors: A A
authors: AA
authors: Taverne
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D003188:Composite Resins; D017005:Dental Debonding / Q000295:instrumentation*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D007834:Lasers; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D013499:Surface Properties / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D002245:Carbon Dioxide