title: Performing cost-effectiveness analysis by integrating randomized trial data with a comprehensive decision model: application to treatment of acute ischemic stroke.
abstract: A recent national panel on cost-effectiveness in health and medicine has recommended that cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) should reflect the effect of treatments on long-term outcomes. Because the follow-up period of RCTs tends to be relatively short, long-term implications of treatments must be assessed using other sources. We used a comprehensive simulation model of the natural history of stroke to estimate long-term outcomes after a hypothetical RCT of an acute stroke treatment. The RCT generates estimates of short-term quality-adjusted survival and cost and also the pattern of disability at the conclusion of follow-up. The simulation model incorporates the effect of disability on long-term outcomes, thus supporting a comprehensive CEA. Treatments that produce relatively modest improvements in the pattern of outcomes after ischemic stroke are likely to be cost-effective. This conclusion was robust to modifying the assumptions underlying the analysis. More effective treatments in the acute phase immediately following stroke would generate significant public health benefits, even if these treatments have a high price and result in relatively small reductions in disability. Simulation-based modeling can provide the critical link between a treatment's short-term effects and its long-term implications and can thus support comprehensive CEA.
authors: Center for Clinical Health Policy Research, Duke University, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27705, USA.
authors: G P
authors: GP
authors: Samsa
authors: R A
authors: RA
authors: Reutter
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Parmigiani
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Ancukiewicz
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Abrahamse
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Lipscomb
authors: D B
authors: DB
authors: Matchar
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D006801:Humans; D018803:Models, Economic; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology