title: Cerebral metabolic abnormalities in congestive heart failure detected by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we investigated cerebral metabolism and its determinants in congestive heart failure (CHF), and the effects of cardiac transplantation on these measurements.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Few data are available about cerebral metabolism in CHF.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty patients with CHF (ejection fraction < or = 35%) and 20 healthy volunteers were included for this study. Of the patients, 10 patients underwent heart transplantation. All subjects performed symptom-limited bicycle exercise test. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) was obtained from localized regions (8 to 10 ml) of occipital gray matter (OGM) and parietal white matter (PWM). Absolute levels of the metabolites (N-acetylaspartate, creatine, choline, myo-inositol) were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In PWM only creatine level was significantly lower in CHF than in control subjects, but in OGM all four metabolite levels were decreased in CHF. The creatine level was independently correlated with half-recovery time and duration of heart failure symptoms in PWM (r = -0.56, p < 0.05), and with peak oxygen consumption and serum sodium concentration in OGM (r = 0.58, p < 0.05). Cerebral metabolic abnormalities were improved after successful cardiac transplantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that cerebral metabolism is abnormally deranged in advanced CHF and it may serve as a potential marker of the disease severity.
authors: Department of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: C W
authors: CW
authors: Lee
authors: J H
authors: JH
authors: Lee
authors: J J
authors: JJ
authors: Kim
authors: S W
authors: SW
authors: Park
authors: M K
authors: MK
authors: Hong
authors: S T
authors: ST
authors: Kim
authors: T H
authors: TH
authors: Lim
authors: S J
authors: SJ
authors: Park
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002794:Choline / Q000378:metabolism; D003401:Creatine / Q000378:metabolism; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000502:physiology; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007294:Inositol / Q000378:metabolism; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D011522:Protons; D013318:Stroke Volume
chemical_list: D011522:Protons; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D007294:Inositol; C000179:N-acetylaspartate; D003401:Creatine; D002794:Choline