title: Experimental external fixation combined with percutaneous discectomy in the management of scoliosis.
abstract: METHODS
  An assessment of the value of external fixation with or without percutaneous discectomy for the management of scoliosis in young rabbits with induced progressive thoracic scoliosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate in an experimental setting the effect of external fixation with or without percutaneous discectomy for the management of scoliosis, as a preliminary study to precede clinical consideration.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  External fixation of the spine using percutaneous transpedicular screws has been used clinically for cases of traumatic spinal injury, infectious spine, or chronic low back pain caused by a disc lesion. Percutaneous discectomy for the management of scoliosis has been reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two young rabbits underwent partial resection of the right lower ribs. Nine rabbits were not treated after production of scoliosis and were followed as controls. At 4-6 weeks after production of scoliosis, in 23 animals, Kirschner wires were inserted percutaneously into the T9-T10 and L1-L2 disc space, and both ends were attached to an external fixator after correction of the scoliosis. In 8 of those 23 animals, percutaneous discectomy was also performed at the apex of the caudal compensatory curvature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In these 23 animals, the initial correction by fixation on of the caudal vertebrae was accompanied by a derotation in the apex. Five animals treated with external fixation only and four treated with combined percutaneous discectomy survived with external fixation until the age of 17 weeks and were followed to the natural cessation of the curve progression, at which the fixation was removed and a final assessment was made. The mean progression of curvature was 15.8 degrees in the group of five animals with external fixation only, and 33.8 degrees in the controls. In the group of four animals treated with supplementary percutaneous discectomy, however, the treated disc space became rigid, and the mean progression of curvature after removal of the fixation was only 5.3 degrees.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the current study suggest the potential for external fixation to allow for derotation and, when combined with percutaneous discectomy, to offer a feasible method of managing scoliosis in the human adolescent. This study was a preliminary experimental study; further experimental studies are planned to develop this novel technique.
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan. spine@med.kurume-u.ac.jp
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Abe
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Nagata
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Ariyoshi
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Inoue
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D017587:Diskectomy, Percutaneous / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016267:External Fixators; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D011817:Rabbits; D011859:Radiography; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome