title: Safety and tolerability of naproxen ophthalmic solution in comparison to placebo.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Naproxen is a classic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with established analgesic and anti-inflammatory potency. Its action is related to cyclooxygenase inhibition and consequent decrease in prostaglandin concentration in various fluids and tissues. Since prostaglandin release is involved in several ocular alterations, various NSAID eye drops have come into use in the clinical setting during the last decade.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, three-way crossover design phase I was performed in 12 healthy volunteers to determine both tolerance and safety of a new NSAID ophthalmic solution containing sodium naproxen (0.1% and 0.2%). Both single dose and repeated dose (TID for 6 days) instillation were performed. Evaluation was entirely based upon tolerance criteria. Subjective and objective signs of ocular irritation and subject comfort preference were evaluated. Also medical examination, hematology, blood chemistry and urine analysis were also assessed to evaluate any possible effect of the test drugs and control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neither ophthalmic tolerance parameters nor vital signs or laboratory parameters were influenced by treatments. A slight hyperemia of the conjunctiva was the only change observed in the eye during the study, whereas the only symptom mentioned was burning.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is concluded that both tolerability and safety of 0.1% and 0.2% naproxen solution are acceptable after single and repeated conjunctival administration.
authors: SIFI S.p.A. Italy, Lavinaio-Catania.
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Papa
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Waitzinger
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Pabst
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Milazzo
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Müller
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Marrano
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Santocono
authors: H W
authors: HW
authors: Roth
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000187:drug effects; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009288:Naproxen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D010919:Placebos
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D010919:Placebos; D009288:Naproxen