title: Three-year follow-up of Drug Abuse Resistance Education (D.A.R.E.).
abstract: The long-term effectiveness of D.A.R.E. was assessed by contrasting 9th-grade students who received the program in the 6th grade with others who did not receive the program. Of 38 elementary schools eligible for D.A.R.E. programs, 21 received the program and 17 did not. A follow-up survey assessed central D.A.R.E. concepts such as self-esteem, resistance to peer pressure, delay of experimentation with drugs, and drug use. Employing latent variables to represent the concepts, no significant differences were found between D.A.R.E. participants and controls. The authors discuss attenuation of effects and the generally antidrug context of schools.
authors: Center for Social Science Research, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs 80933-7150, USA.
authors: R L
authors: RL
authors: Dukes
authors: J B
authors: JB
authors: Ullman
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Stein
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003120:Colorado; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006266:Health Education / Q000592:standards*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010379:Peer Group; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012572:School Health Services / Q000592:standards*; D012649:Self Concept; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires