Pre-transplant identification of risk factors that adversely affect length of stay and charges for renal transplantation.
BACKGROUND
In the current era of renal transplantation, increasing attention is being focused on resource utilization. The purpose of this study was to identify demographic, medical and immunologic risk factors that are associated with changes in length of stay (LOS) and charges for renal transplantation.


METHODS
The study was a retrospective analysis of 311 consecutive renal transplants performed at a single institution. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine relationships between risk factors, LOS, charges and post-operative complications.


RESULTS
The following pre-transplant variables were found to be independently significant in predicting increased LOS and/or charges: African-American race, obesity for women, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), presence of cardiac disease or previous stroke, pre-transplant dialysis time > or = 1 yr, a 10% increase in panel reactive antibody (PRA), cadaver donor and retransplantation. The analyses were performed with and without adjustment for key outcome variables such as delayed graft function (DGF) and use of induction antibody therapy. Increased LOS or charges for specific risk factors could be attributed to increased complication rates, including delayed graft function seen with various co-morbidities, or increased immunologic risk and more frequent use of induction antibody therapy.


CONCLUSIONS
Analysis of linked financial and clinical databases can reveal demographic, medical and immunologic risk factors that correlate with LOS, charges and complications for renal transplantation. Efforts to establish quantitative relationships for various risk factors relative to resource utilization will become important in managed care and/or capitated healthcare delivery systems.
Johnson
C P
CP
Department of Transplant Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, USA.
Kuhn
E M
EM
Hariharan
S
S
Hartz
A J
AJ
Roza
A M
AM
Adams
M B
MB
D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000906:Antibodies / Q000032:analysis / Q000627:therapeutic use; D044383:Black People; D002102:Cadaver; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D015276:Health Care Rationing; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000150:complications; D017722:Hospital Charges; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000191:economics; D019520:Living Donors; D008173:Lung Diseases, Obstructive / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D001741:Black or African American
D000906:Antibodies