title: Role of TNF-alpha in the induction of fungicidal activity of mouse peritoneal exudate cells against Cryptococcus neoformans by IL-12 and IL-18.
abstract: We have recently demonstrated that two IFN-gamma-inducing cytokines, interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-18, synergistically induced the fungicidal activity of mouse peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) against Cryptococcus neoformans through NK cell production of interferon (IFN)-gamma and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. In the present study, we further dissected these effects by examining the involvement of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in the induction of IL-12/IL-18-stimulated PEC fungicidal activity. The addition of neutralizing anti-TNF-alpha mAb significantly suppressed IL-12/IL-18-stimulated PEC anticryptococcal activity. This effect was ascribed to the inhibition of macrophage NO synthesis, but not of IFN-gamma production by NK cells, because the same treatment inhibited the former response, but not the latter one. On the other hand, combined treatment with IL-12 and IL-18 synergistically induced the production of TNF-alpha by PEC and this effect was almost completely abrogated by neutralizing anti-IFN-gamma mAb. The cell type producing TNF-alpha among PEC was mostly macrophage. TNF-alpha significantly promoted macrophage NO production and anticryptococcal activity induced by IFN-gamma, and furthermore anti-TNF-alpha mAb partially inhibited these responses. Considered together, our results indicated that TNF-alpha contributed to the potentiation of IL-12/IL-18-induced PEC fungicidal activity against C. neoformans through enhancement of IFN-gamma-induced production of NO by macrophages, but not through increased production of IFN-gamma by NK cells.
authors: Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Kawakami
authors: M H
authors: MH
authors: Qureshi
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Koguchi
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Zhang
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Okamura
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Kurimoto
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Saito
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003455:Cryptococcus neoformans / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020382:Interleukin-18 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010537:Peritoneum / Q000166:cytology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D020382:Interleukin-18; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018664:Interleukin-12; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007371:Interferon-gamma