title: A single technique to correct various degrees of upper lid retraction in patients with Graves' orbitopathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several lengthening techniques have been proposed for upper eyelid retraction in patients with Graves' orbitopathy and variable rates of success have been reported. Most authors recommend different procedures for different degrees of retraction, but cannot prevent residual temporal retraction in a significant number of cases. The modified levator aponeurosis recession described by Harvey and colleagues, in which the lateral horn is cut completely, seems to be an exception to this rule, but was evaluated in a limited number of cases only.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors further modified Harvey's technique by dissecting the aponeurosis together with Müller's muscle of the tarsus and the conjunctiva medially only to the extent necessary to achieve an acceptable position and contour of the eyelid in upright position. They also used an Ethilon 6.0 suture, instead of Vicryl, on a loop. It is placed between the tarsal plate and the detached aponeurosis to prevent spontaneous disinsertion. This modification was used in 50 Graves' patients (78 eyelids) with a upper lid margin-limbus distance ranging from 1 to 7 mm and evaluated using strict criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A perfect or acceptable result was obtained in 23 of 28 patients (82%) with bilateral retraction and in 18 of 22 patients (82%) with unilateral retraction. Seven eyelids were overcorrected (too low) and three undercorrected, necessitating reoperation. All other eyelids had an almond-like contour and a lid crease of 10 mm or less. No complications except subcutaneous haematomas were seen. Two patients showed a recurrence of lid retraction 9 months after the operation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This technique is safe and efficacious and can be used for all degrees of eyelid retraction.
authors: Orbital Center Utrecht, Donders Institute for Ophthalmology, University Hospital Utrecht, Netherlands.
authors: M P
authors: MP
authors: Mourits
authors: I V
authors: IV
authors: Sasim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005143:Eyelids / Q000601:surgery*; D019066:Facies; D005260:Female; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D012008:Recurrence; D016896:Treatment Outcome