title: Formation of phospholipid hydroperoxides and its inhibition by alpha-tocopherol in rat brain synaptosomes induced by peroxynitrite.
abstract: Peroxynitrite resulted from the reaction of nitric oxide and superoxide anion has been implicated in the genesis of neurotoxicity. In this study, the oxidation of phospholipids in rat brain synaptosomes induced by peroxynitrite generated from 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1) was studied in vitro. The formation and accumulation of phospholipid hydroperoxides, including phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide (PCOOH) and phosphatidyl-ethanolamine hydroperoxide (PEOOH) in rat brain synaptosomes induced by peroxynitrite, were observed. PEOOH and PCOOH were formed rapidly and SIN-1 concentration-dependently. The hydroperoxides formed in synaptosomes were unstable and it was suggested that phospholipase A2 played a role in degradation of the hydroperoxides. The endogenous alpha-tocopherol acted as a potent antioxidant. It was oxidized very rapidly and concentration-dependently by SIN-1 to alpha-tocopheryl quinone. Furthermore, uric acid was found to be an effective antioxidant in inhibiting oxidative damage to synaptosomal lipids induced by SIN-1. The results provide direct evidence to show that peroxynitrite can not only deplete alpha-tocopherol, but also cause production of phospholipid hydroperoxides resulting in disrupted brain tissue.
authors: Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, 153-8904, Japan.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Shi
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Noguchi
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Xu
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Niki
mesh_terms: D000098:Acetophenones / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008981:Molsidomine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism*; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000378:metabolism; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines / Q000378:metabolism; D010741:Phospholipases A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D054467:Phospholipases A2; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013574:Synaptosomes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000098:Acetophenones; D000975:Antioxidants; D009566:Nitrates; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines; D010743:Phospholipids; C057590:phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide; C027850:phosphatidylethanolamine hydroperoxide; D014810:Vitamin E; C039642:peroxynitric acid; C002385:linsidomine; C002421:tocopherylquinone; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D008981:Molsidomine; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D010741:Phospholipases A; D054467:Phospholipases A2; C006821:4-bromophenacyl bromide