title: Ofloxacin otic solution in patients with otitis media: an analysis of drug concentrations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure the concentration of ofloxacin in otorrhea, serum, and middle ear mucosa after topical administration of 0.3% ofloxacin otic solution.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study of 0.3% ofloxacin otic solution administered in a single dose of 0.5 mL in adults or 0.25 mL in children with chronic suppurative otitis media and perforated tympanic membrane, with serial sampling of otorrhea and serum up to 8 hours after dosing and middle ear mucosa up to 2 hours after dosing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hospitals in Kagoshima, Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-eight patients (age range, 3-81 years) with chronic suppurative otitis media and perforated tympanic membrane; 20 patients had sampling of otorrhea and serum and 18 patients (who required middle ear surgery) had middle ear mucosa and serum sampling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High concentrations of ofloxacin were measured in otorrhea samples taken immediately after dosing, followed by a rapid, nonlogarithmic decline. Elimination of the drug through otorrhea was believed to be related to loss from the application site with ear drainage, rather than to biologic mechanisms. Maximum concentration of ofloxacin in otorrhea was seen at the initial sampling time, 30 minutes after dosing, with concentrations measured up to the last sampling at 8 hours. Very low concentrations of ofloxacin were found in serum after topical administration of the drug. Concentrations were not detected in serum samples of most of the patients. The highest concentration measured was 10 ng/mL. Drug concentrations were detected primarily in samples obtained up to 1 hour after the dose was administered. Mucosal drug concentrations were highly variable, ranging from nondetectable to 602 pg/g. For the 6 bacterial strains isolated from the middle ear, the highest minimum inhibitory concentration of ofloxacin was covered by otorrhea drug concentrations measured at up to 8 hours after dosing in some patients. No adverse events were observed. No clinically significant adverse changes in laboratory test results or audiometric results were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Drug concentrations were high in otorrhea, very low or not detected in serum, and highly variable in middle ear mucosa. Nonbiologic loss of the drug with the ear drainage through the external auditory canal and eustachian tube was probably related to the high concentration in otorrhea samples. Drug concentrations in middle ear mucosa suggest that the drug reaches the infection site.
authors: Department of Otolaryngology, Kagoshima University, Faculty of Medicine, Japan. o-isikai-hp@po.synapse.ne.jp
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Ohyama
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Furuta
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Ueno
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Katsuda
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Nobori
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Kiyota
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Miyazaki
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000737:chemistry; D015242:Ofloxacin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010035:Otitis Media, Suppurative / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018058:Tympanic Membrane Perforation
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D015242:Ofloxacin