title: A comparison of New York City playground hazards in high- and low-income areas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare playground hazards in high- and low-income neighborhoods.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five playgrounds were randomly selected from the 9 New York City community districts that met our study criteria and were divided into high-and low-income groups based on comparison to the median of the median incomes ($24452 per year) of the 9 districts. Playgrounds are maintained by the City of New York Parks and Recreation Department and were assessed by one of us (S.A.S.) using a standardized on-site survey based on the US Consumer Product Safety Commission's guidelines for public playground safety.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total hazards per play area were subdivided into 3 categories: park design hazards, equipment maintenance hazards, and equipment hazards relating to fall injuries. A play area was defined as an individual set of equipment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-five (56%) of the parks were located in low-median-income districts and contained 98 (53%) of the total play areas. High- and low-income playgrounds did not differ significantly in the amount or type of equipment, mean fall injury hazards per play area, or mean park design hazards per play area. Low-income districts had a significantly higher mean total hazards per play area (6.1 vs. 4.2; P = .02) and mean equipment maintenance hazards per play area (2.1 vs. 1.0; P = .02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significantly more hazards per play area were identified in the low-income group compared with the high-income group.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA. suecoff@inch.com
authors: S A
authors: SA
authors: Suecoff
authors: J R
authors: JR
authors: Avner
authors: K J
authors: KJ
authors: Chou
authors: E F
authors: EF
authors: Crain
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004779:Environment Design / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D009519:New York City; D010988:Play and Playthings / Q000293:injuries*