title: MRI volumes of the hippocampus and amygdala in adults with Down's syndrome with and without dementia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to determine whether volumes of the hippocampus and amygdala are disproportionately smaller in subjects with Down's syndrome than in normal comparison subjects and whether volume reduction is greater in Down's syndrome subjects with dementia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were 25 adults with Down's syndrome (eight with dementia) and 25 cognitively normal adults who were individually matched on age, sex, and race. Magnetic resonance imaging measures included volumes of the hippocampus, amygdala, and total brain. Nineteen of the Down's syndrome subjects had follow-up scans (interscan interval = 9-41 months).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nondemented Down's syndrome subjects had significantly smaller volumes of the hippocampus, but not the amygdala, than their comparison subjects, even when total brain volume was controlled for. Volumes of both the hippocampus and the amygdala were smaller in the demented Down's syndrome subjects than in their comparison subjects, even when total brain volume was controlled for. Age was not correlated with volume of the hippocampus or amygdala among the nondemented Down's syndrome subjects and the comparison subjects; age was correlated with volume of the amygdala, but not the hippocampus, among the Down's syndrome subjects with dementia. Changes in volume over time were not statistically significant for either the demented or the nondemented subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hippocampal volume, while disproportionately small for brain size in individuals with Down's syndrome, remains fairly constant through the fifth decade of life in those without dementia. All subjects over age 50 who had Down's syndrome demonstrated volume reduction in the hippocampus as well as clinical signs of dementia. Dementia was also associated with volume reductions in the amygdala that exceeded reductions in total brain volume.
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA.
authors: E H
authors: EH
authors: Aylward
authors: Q
authors: Q
authors: Li
authors: N A
authors: NA
authors: Honeycutt
authors: A C
authors: AC
authors: Warren
authors: M B
authors: MB
authors: Pulsifer
authors: P E
authors: PE
authors: Barta
authors: M D
authors: MD
authors: Chan
authors: P D
authors: PD
authors: Smith
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Jerram
authors: G D
authors: GD
authors: Pearlson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000679:Amygdala / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000473:pathology; D001284:Atrophy; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000473:pathology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003704:Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged