title: Frequency of atrial septal aneurysms in patients with cerebral ischemic events.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) is a putative risk factor for cardioembolism. However, the frequency of ASA in the general population has not been adequately determined. Therefore, the frequency in patients with cerebral ischemic events, compared with the frequency in the general population, is poorly defined. We sought to determine the frequency of ASA in the general population and to compare the frequency of ASA in patients with cerebral ischemic events with the frequency in the general population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of ASA in the population was determined in 363 subjects, a sample of the participants in the Stroke Prevention: Assessment of Risk in a Community study (control subjects), and was compared with the frequency in 355 age- and sex-matched patients undergoing transesophageal echocardiography in search of a cardiac source of embolism after a focal cerebral ischemic event. The proportion with ASA was 7.9% in patients versus 2.2% in control subjects (P=0.002; odds ratio of ASA, 3.65; 95% CI, 1.64 to 8.13, in patients versus control subjects). Patent foramen ovale (PFO) was detected with contrast injections in 56% of subjects with ASA. The presence of ASA predicted the presence of PFO (odds ratio of PFO, 4.57; 95% CI, 2.18 to 9.57, in subjects with versus those without ASA). In 86% of subjects with ASA and cerebral ischemia, transesophageal echocardiography did not detect an alternative source of cardioembolism other than an associated PFO.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of ASA based on this population-based study is 2.2%. The frequency of ASA is relatively higher in patients evaluated with transesophageal echocardiography after a cerebral ischemic event. ASA is frequently associated with PFO, suggesting paradoxical embolism as a mechanism of cardioembolism. In patients with cerebral ischemia and ASA, ASA (with or without PFO) commonly is the only potential cardioembolic source detected with transesophageal echocardiography.
authors: Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Agmon
authors: B K
authors: BK
authors: Khandheria
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Meissner
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Gentile
authors: J P
authors: JP
authors: Whisnant
authors: J D
authors: JD
authors: Sicks
authors: W M
authors: WM
authors: O'Fallon
authors: J L
authors: JL
authors: Covalt
authors: D O
authors: DO
authors: Wiebers
authors: J B
authors: JB
authors: Seward
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D006322:Heart Aneurysm / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006325:Heart Atria; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D006346:Heart Septum; D006801:Humans; D002542:Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008910:Minnesota / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors