title: Mammary epithelial cells support and transfer productive human T-cell lymphotropic virus infections.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether luminal and basal human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) are susceptible to productive infection by human T-cell lymphotropic virus types I and II (HTLV-I and HTLV-II) and whether HTLV infection of breast epithelial cells could contribute to the seeding of milk with HTLV infectivity and support virus transmission from mother to nursing infant.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary cultures of basal epithelial cells were infected by coculture with mitomycin-C-treated HTLV-producer T-cell lines and HTLV-infected milk epithelial cells, and the transfer of infection was monitored by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and immunocytochemical staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Basal mammary epithelial cells were found to be susceptible to HTLV infection and capable of transferring HTLV infection to normal peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A reservoir for HTLV infectivity could exist in mammary epithelial cells and contribute to the introduction of HTLV infectivity into milk by infecting lymphocytes that traverse the epithelium and by the release of infected epithelial cells, infectious cell fragments, and free virions directly into the milk.
authors: Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA.
authors: R J
authors: RJ
authors: LeVasseur
authors: S O
authors: SO
authors: Southern
authors: P J
authors: PJ
authors: Southern
mesh_terms: D001940:Breast / Q000821:virology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D006800:Deltaretrovirus Infections / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D015368:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D015367:Human T-lymphotropic virus 2 / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000821:virology; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000821:virology; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D016685:Mitomycin