title: Temporal trends in cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Limited information is available on trends in the incidence of and mortality due to cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction. We studied the incidence of cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction and in-hospital death rates among patients with this condition in a single community from 1975 through 1997.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted an observational study of 9076 residents of metropolitan Worcester, Massachusetts, who were hospitalized with confirmed acute myocardial infarction in all local hospitals during 11 one-year periods between 1975 and 1997. Our study included periods before and after the advent of reperfusion therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of cardiogenic shock remained relatively stable over time, averaging 7.1 percent among patients with acute myocardial infarction. The results of a multivariable regression analysis indicated that the patients hospitalized during recent study years were not at a substantially lower risk for shock than patients hospitalized in the mid-to-late 1970s. Patients in whom cardiogenic shock developed had a significantly greater risk of dying during hospitalization (71.7 percent) than those who did not have cardiogenic shock (12.0 percent, P<0.001). A significant trend toward an increase in in-hospital survival among patients with cardiogenic shock in the mid-to-late 1990s was found in crude and adjusted analyses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicate no significant change in the incidence of cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction over a 23-year period. However, the short-term survival rate has increased in recent years at the same time as the use of coronary reperfusion strategies has increased.
authors: Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester 01655, USA. robert.goldberg@ummc.ummed.edu
authors: R J
authors: RJ
authors: Goldberg
authors: N A
authors: NA
authors: Samad
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Yarzebski
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Gurwitz
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Bigelow
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Gore
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D006764:Hospitals, Community; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008404:Massachusetts / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D015425:Myocardial Reperfusion / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D012307:Risk Factors; D012770:Shock, Cardiogenic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends