Cardiovascular applications of the Doppler technique: A long way from birth to scientific acceptance.
Analysis of the early developments of cardiac Doppler illustrates a gap, frequently encountered in science, between initial concepts and final acceptance. Acceptance may only emerge as a result of multidisciplinary collaboration and fruitful dialogue between physicians, physiologists, physicists, and engineers. By 1980, after a good deal of trial and error and a long period of incremental improvement, the majority of the theoretic and scientific issues had been defined. The explosive development of Doppler techniques can now intervene to sweep aside the medical community's scepticism.
Veyrat
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Department of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France. colette.veyrat@bct.ap-hop-paris.fr
D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler / Q000266:history*; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D014465:Ultrasonics / Q000266:history; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler / Q000266:history