title: Atypical presentations of actinomycosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Actinomycotic infections of the cervicofacial region are uncommon. Most major medical centers report approximately one case per year. Presenting clinical manifestations are confusing because they often mimic other disease processes. Diagnosis may be difficult due to a general lack of familiarity with the disease and the fastidious nature of the organism in culture. The cervicofacial manifestations of actinomycosis are varied, and a high index of suspicion is required to make an accurate and timely diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart review with the presentation of four unusual cases of actinomycosis were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two patients were initially seen with dysphagia from a tongue base mass. The third patient was initially seen with a 3-week history of worsening hoarseness and stridor. Examination revealed an ulcerative lesion of the left hemilarynx and pyriform sinus. All three patients were thought to have a neoplastic process. Diagnosis was made on histologic examination of a tissue biopsy. The fourth patient was initially seen with a buccal space mass that was draining externally. Culture of the purulent drainage revealed Actinomyces. In all four cases, symptoms resolved after appropriate antimicrobial therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Actinomycosis of the head and neck, although rare, is an important entity to the otolaryngologist. A confusing clinical presentation combined with the fastidious nature of the organism make for a difficult diagnosis. A high index of suspicion is required to make an accurate diagnosis and institute the appropriate antibiotic therapy.
authors: Department of Otolaryngology--HNS, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo General Hospital, 14209, USA.
authors: M J
authors: MJ
authors: Belmont
authors: P M
authors: PM
authors: Behar
authors: M K
authors: MK
authors: Wax
mesh_terms: D000197:Actinomycosis, Cervicofacial / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D001706:Biopsy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed