title: Relationship between glomerular hyperfiltration and ACE insertion/deletion polymorphism in type 1 diabetic children and adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Glomerular hyperfiltration may predict diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetes, and some studies suggest that the ACE D allele is associated with diabetic nephropathy. The aim of this study was to examine a possible relationship between glomerular hyperfiltration and ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in type 1 diabetic children and adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted to examine the relationship between glomerular hyperfiltration and ACE (I/D) polymorphism in 76 type 1 diabetic children and adolescents without diabetic nephropathy (mean +/- SD: age 16 +/- 3 years; diabetes duration 7 +/- 4 years; age at diabetes onset 9 +/- 4 years; HbA1c 9.5 +/- 1.9%). Glomerular hyperfiltration (defined as a glomerular filtration rate [GFR] > or = 135 ml.min-1. 1.73 m-2 and by 51Cr-labeled EDTA plasma disappearance technique) and ACE I/D genotypes and plasma levels (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] method) were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the patients, 29 (38%) displayed glomerular hyperfiltration. An association between glomerular hyperfiltration and ACE (I/D) polymorphism was observed (chi 2 = 7.09, P = 0.029) because of a reduced proportion of DD genotypes among patients with glomerular hyperfiltration (4 vs. 19; chi 2 = 6.03, P = 0.014) and not because of an excess of the II genotype (5 vs. 9; chi 2 = 0.04, P = 0.83). Age, diabetes duration, age at diabetes onset, and HbA1c were not different according to genotype. Patients with glomerular hyperfiltration had low plasma ACE levels, compared with those with normal glomerular filtration (457 +/- 157 vs. 553 +/- 186 micrograms/l; P = 0.027).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest an unexpected association between glomerular hyperfiltration and ACE (I/D) polymorphism, characterized by a defect of the DD genotype among type 1 diabetic children and adolescents with glomerular hyperfiltration.
authors: Adult Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Angers, France. bebouhanick@chu.angers.fr
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Bouhanick
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Gallois
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Hadjadj
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Boux de Casson
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Limal
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Marre
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017668:Age of Onset; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011379:Prognosis; D017384:Sequence Deletion
chemical_list: D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A