Revisiting the issue: can the reading for serologic reactivity following 37 degrees C incubation be omitted?
BACKGROUND
Omitting the 37 degrees C reading from screening tests for unexpected antibodies results in failure to detect some Rh, K, and Jk agglutinins of potential significance (wanted positives). However, this measure avoids unwanted positive tests due to cold agglutinins.


METHODS
Using data from prior publications, actual risk calculations (ARCs) were made to predict the risk of eliminating the 37 degrees C reading, pretransfusion direct antiglobulin test (DAT), and routine indirect antiglobulin crossmatch (IAT-XM). ARCs used the equation: wanted positives missed x 0.34 (or 0.80) x 5 x percent antigen-positive, where 0.34 = percent of patients transfused (ARCs for 37 degrees C reading and DAT); 0.80 = percent of crossmatched patients transfused (ARCs for IAT-XM); 5 = average number of units transfused. Following elimination of the 37 degrees C reading, the impact of this change on patient care was monitored. Antibody detection and identification data and transfusion reaction reports for 6 months after the change were reviewed. Recently transfused patients with new antibodies were evaluated for immune hemolysis by review of clinical and laboratory data. The findings were compared with those from the same dates of the preceding year.


RESULTS
The risk of transfusing incompatible blood by eliminating the DAT, IAT-XM, and 37 degrees C reading is approximately 1:13,000, 1:2,000, and 1:2,400 units transfused, respectively. The cumulative risk from eliminating all three tests is approximately. 1 :1,000 units. With respect to the 37 degrees C reading, there were no differences between the pre-change and post-change study periods in the incidence of reported transfusion reactions or cases of immune hemolysis associated with newly formed antibodies. However, unwanted positive tests decreased from 162 to 61 following elimination of the 37 degrees C reading. This represents a decrease of 20 percent in the number of samples requiring antibody identification annually.


CONCLUSIONS
Eliminating the 37 degrees C reading from pretransfusion antibody screening tests imposes less risk than omitting the routine IAT-XM, and it avoids the time and costs of evaluating unwanted positive tests, thus reducing expenditures and delays in patient care.
Judd
W J
WJ
Blood Bank, Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor 48108, USA.
Fullen
D R
DR
Steiner
E A
EA
Davenport
R D
RD
Knafl
P C
PC
D000206:Actuarial Analysis; D000373:Agglutinins / Q000097:blood* / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology; D000743:Anemia, Hemolytic / Q000209:etiology; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D001789:Blood Group Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D001787:Blood Group Incompatibility / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D001788:Blood Grouping and Crossmatching / Q000379:methods*; D001803:Blood Transfusion / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards; D003298:Coombs Test / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D003363:Cost Control; D003450:Cryoglobulins; D003955:Diagnostic Tests, Routine / Q000191:economics; D005334:Fever / Q000209:etiology; D006388:Hemagglutinins / Q000097:blood* / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007038:Hypotonic Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000494:pharmacology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D013696:Temperature; D065227:Transfusion Reaction
D000373:Agglutinins; D001789:Blood Group Antigens; D003450:Cryoglobulins; D006388:Hemagglutinins; D007038:Hypotonic Solutions; C029443:cold agglutinins; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D012965:Sodium Chloride