title: c-myc, p53, and Bcl-2 expression and clinical outcome in uveal melanoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Overexpression of c-myc protein has independent prognostic significance in a variety of primary and metastatic cutaneous melanomas which suggests a possible role for this gene in melanomagenesis. We have therefore examined the importance of this oncogene in uveal melanoma and studied the coexpression of two other gene products, Bcl-2 and p53, which might contribute to its effect.
  
  
  METHODS
  The percentage of cells positive for nuclear c-myc expression was estimated by flow cytometric analysis of nuclei extracted from paraffin blocks. The expression of Bcl-2 and p53 protein was assessed by immunohistochemistry. A total of 71 tumours were studied and the results compared with survival with a mean follow up period of 6 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  c-myc was expressed in > 50% of the cells by 70% of the tumours, and was independently associated with improved survival in a Cox multiple regression-model. Although Bcl-2 was expressed by the majority of the cells in 67% tumours, it was without effect on prognosis. None of the cases studied showed convincing positivity for p53. Analysis of coexpression showed that the best survival was seen in c-myc+/Bcl-2+ tumours and the worst in c-myc-/Bcl-2-tumours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The finding of improved rather than reduced survival in c-myc positive tumours is at variance with skin melanoma. There was no evidence to suggest that c-myc was modulated by upregulation of Bcl-2 or p53 inactivation/mutation. Although Bcl-2 is unlikely to have any effect on tumour growth or metastasis, it could contribute to the general lack of susceptibility to apoptosis in these tumours.
authors: Gray Laboratory, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, Middlesex.
authors: J S
authors: JS
authors: Chana
authors: G D
authors: GD
authors: Wilson
authors: I A
authors: IA
authors: Cree
authors: R A
authors: RA
authors: Alexander
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Myatt
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Neale
authors: A J
authors: AJ
authors: Foss
authors: J L
authors: JL
authors: Hungerford
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011379:Prognosis; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014604:Uveal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53