title: Splenic immune suppression in sepsis: A role for IL-10-induced changes in P38 MAPK signaling.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies have indicated that following the induction of sepsis, there is a late (24 h) generalized suppression of the immune response which is associated with increased anti-inflammatory mediator release (e.g., IL-10). However, the mechanisms by which this occurs are unknown. In this regard, recent studies indicate that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) may play a central role in transducing the signals from immunosuppressive agents which in turn may alter lymphoid cytokine release. The aim of this study, therefore, was to determine whether the anti-inflammatory mediator IL-10 alters splenocyte IL-2 and IFN-gamma release, as well as the expression and activation of p38 MAPK in septic animals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Splenocytes (SPL) (or for some experiments purified T cells) were harvested from mice subjected 24 h earlier to either sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or Sham-CLP and stimulated with 2.5 microg concanavalin A (ConA)/ml in the presence or absence of either monoclonal antibody (Mab) to IL-10 (4 microg/ml) or IgG control. In subsequent studies, sepsis was induced in C57BL/6J and C57BL/6 IL-10 knockout mice, and SPL harvested and stimulated with ConA. SPL cytokine release was measured by ELISA, and the expression and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK were measured by Western analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results indicate that Th1 cytokine (IL-2, IFN-gamma) release was depressed by sepsis, while p38 MAPK expression and activity were increased in SPL as well as in T-cells. Neutralization of IL-10 by in vitro use of anti-IL-10 Mab and in the IL-10 knockout animal restored the Th1 response and caused a downregulation of p38 MAPK expression and activity after CLP. Thus, IL-10 appears to contribute to the increase in p38 MAPK activity and expression and the corresponding suppression of Th1 response seen in late sepsis.
authors: Department of Surgery, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, USA.
authors: G Y
authors: GY
authors: Song
authors: C S
authors: CS
authors: Chung
authors: M G
authors: MG
authors: Schwacha
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Jarrar
authors: I H
authors: IH
authors: Chaudry
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Ayala
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002432:Cecum / Q000601:surgery; D003208:Concanavalin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D010766:Phosphorylation; D018805:Sepsis / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013154:Spleen / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology*; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D007376:Interleukin-2; D003208:Concanavalin A; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases