title: Adjuvant-guided type-1 and type-2 immunity: infectious/noninfectious dichotomy defines the class of response.
abstract: Traditionally, protein Ags have been injected in CFA (oil with inactivated mycobacteria) to induce immunity and with IFA (oil alone) to induce tolerance. We report here that injection of hen eggwhite lysozyme, a prototypic Ag, in CFA-induced and IFA-induced pools of hen eggwhite lysozyme-specific memory T cells of comparable fine specificity, clonal size, and avidity spectrum, but with type-1 and type-2 cytokine signatures, respectively. This adjuvant-guided induction of virtually unipolar type-1 and type-2 immunity was observed with seven protein Ags and in a total of six mouse strains. Highly polarized type-1 and type-2 immunity are thus readily achievable through the choice of adjuvant, irrespective of the genetic bias of the host and of the nature of the protein Ag. This finding should have far-reaching implications for the development of vaccines against infectious and autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, our demonstration that Ag injected with IFA is as strongly immunogenic for T cells as it is with CFA shows that the presence of the mycobacteria determines not the priming of naive T cells through the second-signal link but the path of downstream differentiation toward CD4 memory cells that express either type-1 or type-2 cytokines.
authors: Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
authors: H C
authors: HC
authors: Yip
authors: A Y
authors: AY
authors: Karulin
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Tary-Lehmann
authors: M D
authors: MD
authors: Hesse
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Radeke
authors: P S
authors: PS
authors: Heeger
authors: R P
authors: RP
authors: Trezza
authors: F P
authors: FP
authors: Heinzel
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Forsthuber
authors: P V
authors: PV
authors: Lehmann
mesh_terms: D000534:Alum Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D004306:Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D009113:Muramidase / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D009164:Mycobacterium Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000534:Alum Compounds; D015704:CD4 Antigens; D016207:Cytokines; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; C041524:aluminum sulfate; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant; D009113:Muramidase