title: A prospective study of alcohol consumption and the risk of age-related macular degeneration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vascular risk factors, including alcohol intake, have been hypothesized to play a role in the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We examined the relationship of alcohol intake with AMD in the Physicians' Health Study (PHS).
  
  
  METHODS
  The PHS was a randomized trial of aspirin and beta-carotene among 22,071 U.S. male physicians age 40 to 84 years at entry. A total of 21,041 physicians with complete data on alcohol consumption and no AMD at baseline were included in this analysis. Proportional hazards models were used to estimate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  During an average follow-up period of 12.5 years, 278 physicians were confirmed by medical record review to have incident AMD resulting in vision loss ( acuity 20/30 or worse). After adjusting for age, randomized treatment assignment, and other potential risk factors, the RR for > or = 1 drink/week versus < 1 drink/week was 0.97 (CI: 0.78-1.21). For categories of alcohol intake, the RRs for those reporting alcohol consumption of < 1 drink/week, 1 drink/week, 2-4 drinks/week, 5-6 drinks/week, and > or = 1 drink/day were 1.00 (referent), 1.00 (0.65-1.55), 0.68 (0.44-1.04), 1.32 (0.89-1.95), and 1.27 (0.93-1.73), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These prospective data indicate that alcohol intake is not appreciably associated with the risk of incident AMD. However, the width of the confidence intervals are compatible with a possible small effect (reduction or increase) in risk for low to moderate levels of alcohol intake, which warrant further investigation.
authors: Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215-1204, USA.
authors: U A
authors: UA
authors: Ajani
authors: W G
authors: WG
authors: Christen
authors: J E
authors: JE
authors: Manson
authors: R J
authors: RJ
authors: Glynn
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Schaumberg
authors: J E
authors: JE
authors: Buring
authors: C H
authors: CH
authors: Hennekens
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D006801:Humans; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology