title: Celiac disease and markers of celiac disease latency in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Many autoimmune diseases occur concomitantly with celiac disease. We investigated prospectively the occurrence of celiac disease and small-bowel mucosal inflammation in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 34 patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome and 28 controls underwent small bowel biopsy. Villous morphology, jejunal intraepithelial lymphocytes, and mucosal HLA-DR were evaluated and DQA and DQB alleles, serum antiendomysial, and antigliadin antibodies were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five (14.7%) of 34 Sjögren's syndrome patients were found to have celiac disease. The density of jejunal intraepithelial gammadelta+ T cells was increased in all celiac and in four nonceliac patients. All celiac patients, 69% of nonceliac Sjögren's syndrome patients, and 11% of control subjects showed enhanced HLA-DR expression (p < 0.001). HLA DQ2 was present in 19 (56%) patients with Sjögren's syndrome, including all five with celiac disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings show a close association between Sjögren's syndrome and celiac disease. Even among nonceliac patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome, an ongoing inflammation is often present in the small bowel mucosa.
authors: Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere, Finland.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Iltanen
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Collin
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Korpela
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Holm
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Partanen
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Polvi
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Mäki
mesh_terms: D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000473:pathology; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens; C053186:HLA-DQ2 antigen