title: Ultraviolet irradiation of human skin causes functional vitamin A deficiency, preventable by all-trans retinoic acid pre-treatment.
abstract: We report here that ultraviolet irradiation substantially reduced the mRNA and protein of the two major nuclear retinoid receptors, RAR-gamma and RXR-alpha, in human skin in vivo. Pre-treatment with retinoic acid mitigated this loss of nuclear retinoid receptors. Ultraviolet irradiation caused a near-total loss of retinoic acid induction of two RAR/RXR target genes, cellular retinoic acid binding protein-II and RA 4-hydroxylase, but did not affect 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 induction of the vitamin D receptor/RXR-regulated gene vitamin D 24-hydroxylase. In effect, ultraviolet irradiation causes a functional vitamin A deficiency that may have deleterious effects on skin function, contributing to skin photo-aging and carcinogenesis.
authors: Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA.
authors: Z
authors: Z
authors: Wang
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Boudjelal
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Kang
authors: J J
authors: JJ
authors: Voorhees
authors: G J
authors: GJ
authors: Fisher
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000528:radiation effects; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000528:radiation effects; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000378:metabolism; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects; D000072516:Retinoic Acid 4-Hydroxylase; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D012867:Skin / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013250:Steroid Hydroxylases / Q000528:radiation effects; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014802:Vitamin A Deficiency / Q000188:drug therapy*; D065668:Vitamin D3 24-Hydroxylase
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D014157:Transcription Factors; C082928:retinoic acid binding protein II, cellular; D014212:Tretinoin; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D013250:Steroid Hydroxylases; D000072516:Retinoic Acid 4-Hydroxylase; D065668:Vitamin D3 24-Hydroxylase