title: Tracheal extubation of deeply anesthetized pediatric patients: a comparison of isoflurane and sevoflurane.
abstract: We studied the emergence characteristics of unpremedicated children tracheally extubated while deeply anesthetized ("deep extubation") with isoflurane or sevoflurane. Forty children were assigned to one of two groups, Group I or Group S. At the end of the operation, Group I patients were extubated while breathing 1.5 times the minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC) of isoflurane. Group S patients were tracheally extubated while breathing 1.5 times the MAC of sevoflurane. Recovery characteristics and complications were noted. Group S patients were arousable sooner than Group I patients (10.1 + 6.5 vs 16.3 + 9.9 min). Later arousal scores and times to discharge were the same. There were no serious complications in either group. Breath-holding was more common in Group I. We conclude that the overall incidence of airway problems and desaturation episodes was similar between groups. Emergency delirium was common in both groups (32% overall: 40% for Group I, 25% for Group S).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Deep extubation of children can be safely performed with either isoflurane or sevoflurane. After deep tracheal extubation, airway problems occur but are easily managed. Return to an arousable state occurred more quickly with sevoflurane, although time to meeting discharge criteria was not different between the two groups. Emergence delirium occurs frequently with either technique.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill 27599-7010, USA.
authors: R D
authors: RD
authors: Valley
authors: J T
authors: JT
authors: Ramza
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Calhoun
authors: E B
authors: EB
authors: Freid
authors: A G
authors: AG
authors: Bailey
authors: V J
authors: VJ
authors: Kopp
authors: L S
authors: LS
authors: Georges
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D001143:Arousal; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003693:Delirium / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D007530:Isoflurane; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D013997:Time Factors; D014839:Vomiting / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D007530:Isoflurane