title: Randomised controlled trial of paracetamol for heel prick pain in neonates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness of paracetamol in decreasing the pain from heel prick.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective randomised double blind placebo controlled trial was conducted of 75 term neonates undergoing heel prick. Sixty to 90 minutes before the procedure neonates received paracetamol orally in a dose of 20 mg/kg (group 1) or an equal volume of placebo (group 2). Heel prick was performed in a standardised manner. Pain assessments were made using per cent facial action (brow bulge, eye squeeze, and nasolabial fold (range 0-300%) and per cent of time spent crying (range 0-100%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty eight neonates were enrolled in group 1 and 37 neonates in group 2. There were no significant differences in the demographic characteristics between groups. Mean gestational age was 39 (SD 1.4) vs 39.4 (SD 1.2) weeks, p = 0.86, mean birthweight 3.45 (SD 0.45) vs 3.44 (SD 0.42) kg; p = 0.31 for groups 1 and 2, respectively. Facial action pain scores did not differ between groups (143.5 (SD 54.2)% vs 131.1 (SD 59.6)%; p = 0.38). Cry scores also did not differ (29.4 (SD 19.9)% vs 26.8 (SD 20.2)%; p = 0.60). No adverse effects were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Paracetamol is ineffective for decreasing the pain from heel prick in term neonates.
authors: Women's College Hospital, Department of Newborn and Developmental Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Shah
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Taddio
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Ohlsson
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000284:Administration, Oral; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001800:Blood Specimen Collection / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000082:Acetaminophen