title: Treatment of hydrocephalus secondary to cryptococcal meningitis by use of shunting.
abstract: Hydrocephalus can be associated with increased morbidity and mortality in cryptococcal meningitis if left untreated. Both ventriculoperitoneal and ventriculoatrial shunting have been used in persons with cryptococcosis complicated by hydrocephalus, but the indications for and complications, success, and timing of these interventions are not well known. To this end, we reviewed the clinical courses of 10 non-human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with hydrocephalus secondary to cryptococcal meningitis who underwent shunting procedures. Nine of 10 patients who underwent shunting had noticeable improvement in dementia and gait. Two patients required late revision of their shunts. Shunt placement in eight patients with acute infection did not disseminate cryptococcal infection into the peritoneum or bloodstream, nor did shunting provide a nidus from which Cryptococcus organisms proved difficult to eradicate. Shunting procedures are a safe and effective therapy for hydrocephalus in patients with cryptococcal meningitis and need not be delayed until patients are mycologically cured.
authors: Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors: M K
authors: MK
authors: Park
authors: D R
authors: DR
authors: Hospenthal
authors: J E
authors: JE
authors: Bennett
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002557:Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts; D005260:Female; D005437:Flucytosine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D016919:Meningitis, Cryptococcal / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D017287:Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000666:Amphotericin B; D005437:Flucytosine