title: Polyomavirus disease under new immunosuppressive drugs: a cause of renal graft dysfunction and graft loss.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Manifest polyomavirus (PV) renal graft infection is a rare complication. We diagnosed 5 cases among 70 kidney recipients undergoing transplants since December 1995; however, there were no cases at our institution before December 1995.
  
  
  METHODS
  To identify risk factors promoting manifest PV graft infection, we compared those 5 patients with kidney recipients who had signs of PV replication but no manifest graft infection (n=23, control group). PV replication was judged by the presence of intranuclear inclusion cells in the urine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before the infection, five of five patients had recurrent rejection episodes. All were switched from cyclosporine A to high dose tacrolimus as rescue therapy. Infection was diagnosed histologically 9+/-2 months posttransplantation; it persisted and led to graft loss in four of five patients. In control patients, graft function was stable, 1 of 23 patients were switched to tacrolimus as rescue therapy, and graft loss occurred in 4 of 23 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recurrent rejection episodes and high dose immunosuppressive therapy, including tacrolimus, are risk factors for manifest PV kidney graft infection, which has an ominous prognosis.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Basel University Hospital, Switzerland.
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Binet
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Nickeleit
authors: H H
authors: HH
authors: Hirsch
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Prince
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Dalquen
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Gudat
authors: M J
authors: MJ
authors: Mihatsch
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Thiel
mesh_terms: D006084:Graft Rejection; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011120:Polyomavirus; D027601:Polyomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents