title: Combination antiretroviral therapy including ritonavir in children infected with human immunodeficiency.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy of combination therapy that includes ritonavir in HIV-1 infected children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A monocentric retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two children with a minimum follow-up of 6 months under triple therapy including ritonavir were analysed for treatment efficacy. At entry, all the patients were protease inhibitor naive and all but two had received previous antiretroviral therapy during a median period of 5 years. Their initial median CD4+ lymphocyte count and viral load were 121 x 10(6)/l and 5.08 log10 copies/ml, respectively. Clinical and biological evaluation included clinical assessment every 6 weeks and determination of CD4 cell count and HIV-RNA concentration every 3 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median length of follow-up on triple therapy was 15 months (range: 7-21 months). Neither progression in the CDC classification nor death occurred. No significant change in mean weight SD scores was noted when baseline values were compared with values obtained after 1 year of triple therapy. Median CD4 count increases were of 210 x 10(6)/l, 415 x 10(6)/l, and 472 x 10(6)/l cells at 6, 12, and 18 months, respectively. Among the patients baseline characteristics, neither age nor initial CD4 cells count influenced the magnitude of immunologic improvement. There were median decreases of 1.14, 0.95, and 1.5 log10 per ml of plasma in the concentration of viral RNA at 6, 12, and 18 months respectively. Seven patients maintained an undetectable viral load when under treatment. The introduction of at least one new reverse transcriptase inhibitor at the initiation of triple therapy correlated significantly with a greater viral suppression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite variable viral response, antiretroviral-experienced HIV-infected children demonstrated a substantial CD4 cell increase during a median period of 15 months of ritonavir containing combination therapy.
authors: Service d'Hematologie Pédiatrique, CHU Timone, Marseille, France.
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Thuret
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Michel
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Chambost
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Tamalet
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Giraud
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Brunet
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Perrimond
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D019259:Lamivudine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019438:Ritonavir / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018119:Stavudine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D019259:Lamivudine; D015215:Zidovudine; D018119:Stavudine; D019438:Ritonavir