title: Reproductive factors, family history, occupation and risk of urogenital prolapse.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We conducted a case-control study to analyze risk factors for urogenital prolapse requiring surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cases were 108 women with a diagnosis of II or III degree uterovaginal prolapse and/or third degree cystocele. Controls were 100 women admitted to the same hospitals as the cases, for acute, non-gynecological, non-neoplastic conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Occupation showed an association with urogenital prolapse: in comparison with professional/managerial women, housewives had an odds ratios (OR) of urogenital prolapse of 3.1 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.6-8.8). Compared with nulliparae, parous women tended to have a higher risk of genital prolapse (OR 2.6, 95% CI 0.9-7.8). In comparison with women reporting no vaginal delivery, the ORs were 3.0 for women reporting one vaginal delivery (95% CI 1.0-9.5), and 4.5 (95% CI 1.6-13.1) for women with two or more vaginal deliveries. Forceps delivery and birthweight were not associated with risk of prolapse after taking into account the effect of number of vaginal deliveries. The risk of urogenital prolapse was higher in women with mother or sisters reporting the condition: the ORs were, respectively, 3.2 (95% CI 1.1-7.6) and 2.4 (95% CI 1.0-5.6) in comparison with women whose mother or sisters reported no prolapse.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data support the clinical suggestion that parous women are at a higher risk of prolapse and the risk increases with number of vaginal deliveries. First-degree family history of prolapse seems to increase the risk of prolapse.
authors: Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy.
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Chiaffarino
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Chatenoud
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Dindelli
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Meschia
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Buonaguidi
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Amicarelli
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Surace
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Bertola
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Di Cintio
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Parazzini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001724:Birth Weight; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009772:Obstetrical Forceps / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009790:Occupations; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010298:Parity; D017584:Reproductive History; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking; D012923:Social Class; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014596:Uterine Prolapse / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery