title: Antibodies to the HIV-1 Tat protein correlated with nonprogression to AIDS: a rationale for the use of Tat toxoid as an HIV-1 vaccine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate which immune parameters, such as antibodies against HIV-1 specificities, or viral parameters, such as p24 antigenemia, are predictive of disease progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed studies on serum collected from individuals exhibiting two extremes of disease evolution--67 fast progressors (FP) and 182 nonprogressors (NP)--at their enrollment. After a 1- to 2-year clinical follow-up of 104 nonprogressors after their enrollment, we could determine the best serologic predictors for disease progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated levels of antibodies to tetanus toxoid and to HIV antigens including Env, Gag, Nef, and Tat proteins, as well as p24 antigenemia, viremia, CD4 cell count, and interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) titers in FPs and NPs, and we correlated these data with clinical and biologic signs of progression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  p24 Antigenemia, a marker of viral replication, and anti-Tat antibodies were highly and inversely correlated in both groups (P < .001). Furthermore, anti-p24 antibodies and low serum IFN-alpha levels were correlated to the NP versus the FP cohort. Finally, among NPs, only antibodies to Tat and not to the other HIV specificities (Env, Nef, Gag) were significantly predictive of clinical stability during their follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Antibodies toward HIV-1 Tat, which are inversely correlated to p24 antigenemia, appear as a critical marker for a lack of disease progression. This study strongly suggests that rising anti-Tat antibodies through active immunization may be beneficial in AIDS vaccine development to control viral replication.
authors: Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.
authors: J F
authors: JF
authors: Zagury
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Sill
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Blattner
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Lachgar
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Le Buanec
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Richardson
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Rappaport
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Hendel
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Bizzini
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Gringeri
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Carcagno
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Criscuolo
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Burny
authors: R C
authors: RC
authors: Gallo
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Zagury
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015696:Gene Products, tat / Q000276:immunology*; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000097:blood*; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24 / Q000097:blood; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000097:blood; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D015415:Biomarkers; D015696:Gene Products, tat; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus