Knowledge based commissioning: can a national clinical effectiveness policy be compatible with seeking local professional advice?
OBJECTIVE
To help develop a means, based on the views of purchasers and providers of health care, of incorporating national research on clinical effectiveness into local professional advisory mechanisms in order to inform health care purchasing and contracting.


METHODS
Three geographically based multidisciplinary workshops attended by National Health Service (NHS) staff drawn from the principal purchaser and provider groups in one English region were organized around the discussion of three health care purchasing case studies: coronary artery disease, diabetes and management of clinical depression in general practice. The proceedings were transcribed and analyzed using content analysis methods.


RESULTS
95 people took part. There were major differences between the purchasers' and health care providers' views on the right balance between local and national information and advisory sources for purchasing. In general, providers wanted the provision of advice to purchasers to be local, in which their opinion was sought, either individually or collectively, acted on and the results fed back to them. In contrast, health authority purchasers considered that local professionals were only one source of professional advice, albeit an important one, to be utilized in coming to decisions. General practitioner fundholders as purchasers, however, preferred to rely on their own experiences and contacts with local providers in making purchasing decisions.


CONCLUSIONS
Professional specialist advisory groups are necessary to inform the purchasing of health care, but should extend beyond advising on the placement of individual contracts. Involving health care providers in all short-term contracting is unlikely to be cost-effective given the time commitment required. The emphasis at purchaser/provider meetings should be on education: providing an opportunity for purchasers and providers to develop closer relationships to discuss political imperatives and financial constraints; increasing communication and understanding of providers' and purchasers' roles; and providing an environment for professionals and purchasers to share their views on purchasing. As currently presented, elements of the national policies in the NHS advocating the use of both national evidence on clinical effectiveness and local professional advice are contradictory and should be clarified.
Littlejohns
P
P
Health Care Evaluation Unit, Department of Public Health Sciences, St George's Hospital Medical School, London.
Dumelow
C
C
Griffiths
S
S
D018672:Community Health Planning; D003284:Contract Services; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000628:therapy; D003863:Depression / Q000628:therapy; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000628:therapy; D005194:Family Practice / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006291:Health Policy; D006302:Health Services Research; D006801:Humans; D007255:Information Services; D008131:London; D017146:Models, Organizational; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D013222:State Medicine / Q000458:organization & administration*