Diagnosis and management of gout.
Gout is a disease resulting from the deposition of urate crystals caused by the overproduction or underexcretion of uric acid. The disease is often, but not always, associated with elevated serum uric acid levels. Clinical manifestations include acute and chronic arthritis, tophi, interstitial renal disease and uric acid nephrolithiasis. The diagnosis is based on the identification of uric acid crystals in joints, tissues or body fluids. Treatment goals include termination of the acute attack, prevention of recurrent attacks and prevention of complications associated with the deposition of urate crystals in tissues. Pharmacologic management remains the mainstay of treatment. Acute attacks may be terminated with the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, colchicine or intra-articular injections of corticosteroids. Probenecid, sulfinpyrazone and allopurinol can be used to prevent recurrent attacks. Obesity, alcohol intake and certain foods and medications can contribute to hyperuricemia. These potentially exacerbating factors should be identified and modified.
Pittman
J R
JR
Department of Clinical Pharmacy Practice, University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson 39216, USA.
Bross
M H
MH
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006073:Gout / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D006074:Gout Suppressants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D013664:Teaching Materials; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000378:metabolism
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D006074:Gout Suppressants; D014527:Uric Acid