title: Relation between HIV-2 proviral load and CD4+ lymphocyte count differs in monotypic and dual HIV infections.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore and compare the relations between proviral DNA load and CD4+ lymphocyte counts in both HIV-2 monotypic and HIV dual infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  In Dakar, Senegal, where the HIV-1 and HIV-2 epidemics overlap, serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) DNA samples were collected from registered female sex workers and hospitalized patients. Sera were evaluated for reactivity to antigens of HIV-1 and HIV-2 by immunoblot; dual reactivity was confirmed with recombinant envelope peptides for HIV-1 and HIV-2. These samples were then subjected to HIV-1 and HIV-2 proviral DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To evaluate the HIV-2 cellular proviral DNA loads, a quantitative competitive PCR (QC-PCR) was developed using nested primers to amplify the gag region of HIV-2. This assay used an internal competitor generated by inserting 25 bp in the first-round PCR target sequence. T-lymphocyte subset counts were estimated by flow cytometry for both HIV-2 monotypic and dually infected persons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  35 HIV-2-infected and 33 dually seroreactive samples were evaluated in this study. The CD4+ lymphocyte counts were similar in both groups, with mean values of 449 +/- 390 cells/mm3 for the HIV-2 monotypic infected persons and 476 +/- 308 cells/mm3 among the dually infected persons. However, the median proviral loads differed significantly, with those in the HIV-2 group ranging from 63.2 to 669.8 copies/10(5) CD4+ cells and demonstrating an inverse correlation with CD4+ lymphocyte count. The HIV dually infected persons showed less variation in viral load, ranging from 9.9 to 43.3 copies/10(5) CD4+ cells. Among the HIV dually infected persons, low HIV-2 proviral load was correlated with low CD4+ lymphocyte counts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The HIV-2 proviral loads in HIV dually infected persons were significantly lower than those in HIV-2 monotypically infected individuals (P < .0001), despite comparable CD4+ lymphocyte counts. These results suggest that different HIV-2 proviral dynamics prevail in HIV dual infection.
authors: Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115-6017, USA.
authors: A D
authors: AD
authors: Sarr
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Popper
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Thior
authors: D J
authors: DJ
authors: Hamel
authors: J L
authors: JL
authors: Sankalé
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Siby
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Marlink
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Essex
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Mboup
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Kanki
mesh_terms: D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D015498:HIV-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D011533:Proviruses / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D019562:Viral Load