title: Clinical and serologic evaluation of two llamas (Lama glama) infected with Toxoplasma gondii during gestation.
abstract: Two pregnant llamas (Lama glama) infected with Toxoplasma gondii and their offspring were evaluated clinically and serologically. Llama 1 was inoculated orally with 1,000 infective occysts of the P89 strain of T. gondii at 82 days of gestation (DOG). Llama 2 became naturally infected with T. gondii between 26 and 119 DOG. Both llamas remained clinically normal and delivered healthy offspring. Sera collected from both llamas during pregnancy and from their offspring before and after colostral ingestion were evaluated for antibodies to T. gondii by the modified agglutination test (MAT), latex agglutination test (LAT), indirect hemagglutination test (IHAT), and the Sabin-Feldman dye test (DT). In llama 1, MAT antibody titers were < 1:20, 1:320, 1:1,280, 1:640, and 1:80 at 82, 97, 109, 132, and 152 DOG, respectively. The MAT titers in naturally infected llama 2 were < 1:32, 1:320-1:640, and 1:1,280 at 26, 119-200, and 346 DOG, respectively. In both llamas, antibody titers in the DT were of similar magnitude as the MAT, but titers in the LAT and IHAT were inconsistent. Antibodies to T. gondii were not detected in precolostral sera obtained from offspring of both llamas suggesting there was no fetal T. gondii infection.
authors: Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA.
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Jarvinen
authors: J P
authors: JP
authors: Dubey
authors: G C
authors: GC
authors: Althouse
mesh_terms: D000372:Agglutination Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D002161:Camelids, New World / Q000469:parasitology*; D003126:Colostrum / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006386:Hemagglutination Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D007112:Immunity, Maternally-Acquired; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000662:veterinary; D007841:Latex Fixation Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D011247:Pregnancy; D015597:Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary*; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000276:immunology*; D014124:Toxoplasmosis, Animal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000635:transmission
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan