title: MAP kinase activity is downregulated by phorbol ester during mouse oocyte maturation and egg activation in vitro.
abstract: The effects of protein kinase C (PKC) stimulator, phorbol 12-myriatate 13-acetate (PMA), on meiotic cell cycle regulation and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase changes have been studied in mouse oocytes and eggs. The results showed that MAP kinase activation itself was not necessary for germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD), but the ability of the ooplasm to phosphorylate MAP kinase was a prerequisite for this event. At concentrations of 1.6 nM, PMA effectively inhibited GVBD and MAP kinase activation, suggesting that PMA inhibits GVBD by inhibiting molecule(s) upstream to MAP kinase. At concentrations of 16.2 nM, PMA induced metaphase-interphase transition more effectively in eggs collected 19 hr after human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration than in those collected 15 hr after hCG administration. The degree of MAP kinase activity decrease was well correlated with the time course and proportion of pronuclear formation. On the other hand, when the effect of PMA on cell cycle progression was abolished by protein phosphatase inhibitor, okadaic acid, MAP kinase was superactivated. The biologically inactive 4 alpha-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate (4 alpha-PDD) had no evident effects on either GVBD and interphase transition or on MAP kinase activity. Furthermore, the effects of PMA on oocyte GVBD, egg activation, and MAP kinase activity could be overcome by the specific PKC inhibitor, calphostin C, suggesting the possible involvement of this enzyme in the regulation of MAP kinase activity. The results suggest that activation of PKC by PMA entrains a cascade of events that ultimately inhibits MAP kinase activation and GVBD in mouse oocytes and induces MAP kinase inactivation and metaphase-interphase transition in mouse eggs.
authors: Department of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
authors: Q Y
authors: QY
authors: Sun
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Rubinstein
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Breitbart
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002453:Cell Cycle; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006801:Humans; D007399:Interphase; D008540:Meiosis; D008677:Metaphase; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D019319:Okadaic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D009865:Oocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009866:Oogenesis; D010063:Ovum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009281:Naphthalenes; D019319:Okadaic Acid; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; C058819:calphostin C; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate