title: Resection of a large arteriovenous fistula of the brain using low-flow deep hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass: technical case report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We present the second report in the literature on the use of low-flow hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass to aide in the surgical resection of a large intraparenchymal arteriovenous fistula.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patient was a 46-year-old man who was found to have a left sylvian arteriovenous fistula with a giant varix during a workup for chronic left frontal headaches and was referred to our center for management. A cardiac workup revealed a cardiac output of 9 L per minute.
  
  
  METHODS
  Endovascular embolization of the lesion was initially attempted without success because of the high flow within the lesion and the large diameter of the feeding arteries. We then planned combined and staged endovascular and surgical approaches to gradually eliminate the fistula. Endovascular embolization, both transarterial and transvenous, could not be performed because of the high flow in the fistula. Despite the stepwise reduction of flow during the course of several weeks via surgical exposures and arterial ligations, the fistula remained difficult to remove because of its size and the turgor of the varix. Once hypothermic low-flow circulatory bypass was used, however, decompression of the sac allowed access to the afferent vasculature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of low-flow hypothermic circulatory bypass can facilitate the surgical extirpation of certain large intraparenchymal arteriovenous fistulas.
authors: Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors: B R
authors: BR
authors: Bendok
authors: C C
authors: CC
authors: Getch
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Frederiksen
authors: H H
authors: HH
authors: Batjer
mesh_terms: D001164:Arteriovenous Fistula / Q000601:surgery*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D006801:Humans; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged