Role of cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 in health and disease.
Animal and human data demonstrate that cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 upregulation in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis is associated with the pain and inflammation of the disease state. The COX-1 isoform, however, is a constitutive enzyme with homeostatic functions. Unlike conventional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which inhibit both forms of the COX enzyme, celecoxib inhibits COX-2 preferentially to COX-1 in vitro. Celecoxib reversed signs of arthritis and pain in an animal model as effectively as indomethacin. Data from murine studies as well as in vitro and epidemiologic data indicate that COX-2 plays a role in the development of colon cancer, and epidemiologic studies also suggest that COX inhibition can slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease.
Lipsky
P E
PE
Rheumatic Diseases Division and the Harold C. Simmons Arthritis Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, USA.
D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy; D000818:Animals; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000502:physiology*; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*
D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010544:Peroxidases; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496511:PTGS1 protein, human; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases