title: Dose-dependence of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) effects on peak response and time course of the immune-endocrine host response in humans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dose-dependence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) effects on peak and time course parameters of the immune-endocrine host response was examined in a placebo-controlled design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 42 male volunteers were included.
  
  
  METHODS
  0.4 or 0.8 ng LPS/kg body weight were applied at 7.00 p.m.
  
  
  METHODS
  Body temperature, heart rate and leukocyte counts were quantified. Plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol and human growth hormone (hGH) were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LPS increased significantly the levels of immune (TNF-alpha, IL-6) and endocrine (ACTH, cortisol) parameters. HGH secretion was advanced without changes in the total amount of hGH released. Dose-dependence of endotoxin's effects was significant for neuroendocrine (cortisol) and physiological (temperature, heart rate) parameters. Examination of time course parameters demonstrated that the higher dose of endotoxin prolonged the increases in temperature, IL-6 and cortisol levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data show that increases in the dosage of LPS lead to differential peak responses and changed time course patterns of the human host response.
authors: Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany. Vedder@mailer.uni-marburg.de
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Vedder
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Schreiber
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Yassouridis
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Gudewill
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Galanos
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Pollmächer
mesh_terms: D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D006728:Hormones; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D006854:Hydrocortisone