title: Nef enhances human immunodeficiency virus replication and responsiveness to interleukin-2 in human lymphoid tissue ex vivo.
abstract: The nef gene is important for the pathogenicity associated with simian immunodeficiency virus infection in rhesus monkeys and with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in humans. The mechanisms by which nef contributes to pathogenesis in vivo remain unclear. We investigated the contribution of nef to HIV-1 replication in human lymphoid tissue ex vivo by studying infection with parental HIV-1 strain NL4-3 and with a nef mutant (DeltanefNL4-3). In human tonsillar histocultures, NL4-3 replicated to higher levels than DeltanefNL4-3 did. Increased virus production with NL4-3 infection was associated with increased numbers of productively infected cells and greater loss of CD4(+) T cells over time. While the numbers of productively infected T cells were increased in the presence of nef, the levels of viral expression and production per infected T cell were similar whether the nef gene was present or not. Exogenous interleukin-2 (IL-2) increased HIV-1 production in NL4-3-infected tissue in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, DeltanefNL4-3 production was enhanced only marginally by IL-2. Thus, Nef can facilitate HIV-1 replication in human lymphoid tissue ex vivo by increasing the numbers of productively infected cells and by increasing the responsiveness to IL-2 stimulation.
authors: Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biophysics, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Glushakova
authors: J C
authors: JC
authors: Grivel
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Suryanarayana
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Meylan
authors: J D
authors: JD
authors: Lifson
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Desrosiers
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Margolis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000821:virology; D019556:COS Cells; D015693:Gene Products, nef / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue; D014779:Virus Replication; D054311:nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
chemical_list: D015693:Gene Products, nef; D007376:Interleukin-2; D054311:nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus