title: Subcutaneous granuloma annulare: MR imaging features in six children and literature review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings of subcutaneous granuloma annulare (SGA), a rare mass of early childhood.
  
  
  METHODS
  MR imaging studies and clinical records in six children aged 2 1/2-4 years in whom SGA was diagnosed between 1993 and 1997 were retrospectively reviewed. All MR imaging examinations included T1-weighted and fast spin-echo T2-weighted sequences. Three children received intravenous contrast material. The diagnosis was established by using excisional biopsy results, with confirmation by means of characteristic features in mucin-stained specimens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All children presented with a nontender, nonmobile mass. The lesion in all six children was confined to the pretibial (n = 5) or prepatellar (n = 1) soft tissues. MR imaging characteristics were uniform. Masses were subcutaneous in location and had ill-defined margins. On T1-weighted images, the lesion was isointense or slightly hyperintense to muscle. On T2-weighted images, the signal intensity was more heterogeneous, but the lesion was predominantly hyperintense. In three children who received contrast material, the lesion enhanced nearly homogeneously.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although SGA can often be diagnosed on the basis of clinical characteristics, MR imaging may be requested by practitioners unfamiliar with the lesion. In these cases, with recognition of typical MR imaging features, a limited biopsy and specific histologic preparation that includes mucin staining can be recommended.
authors: Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, NC 27710, USA.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Chung
authors: D P
authors: DP
authors: Frush
authors: N S
authors: NS
authors: Prose
authors: C R
authors: CR
authors: Shea
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Laor
authors: G S
authors: GS
authors: Bisset
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000473:pathology; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D015726:Giant Cells / Q000473:pathology; D016460:Granuloma Annulare / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D006644:Histiocytes / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009077:Mucins / Q000032:analysis; D010329:Patella / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D013977:Tibia / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D003287:Contrast Media; D009077:Mucins