title: Randomized trial of intermittent antegrade warm blood versus cold crystalloid cardioplegia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We performed a prospective randomized trial to compare intermittent antegrade warm blood cardioplegia with intermittent antegrade and retrograde cold crystalloid cardioplegia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred consecutive patients scheduled for isolated coronary bypass surgical procedures were randomized into two groups: Group 1 (n = 92) received cold crystalloid cardioplegia with moderate systemic hypothermia, group 2 (n = 108) received intermittent antegrade warm blood cardioplegia with systemic normothermia. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative data were prospectively collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the same median number of distal anastomoses, cardiopulmonary bypass duration and total ischemic arrest duration (57.3 +/- 20.5 versus 75 +/- 22.1 minutes, p < 0.001) were shorter in group 2 than in group 1. Apart from a higher right atrial pressure in the cold cardioplegia group, no hemodynamic difference was observed. Aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase-MB fraction, and cardiac troponin I levels were significantly lower in group 2 than in group 1. Outcome variables were not significantly different.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intermittent antegrade warm blood cardioplegia results in less myocardial cell damage than cold crystalloid cardioplegia, as assessed by the release of cardiac-specific markers. This beneficial effect has only marginal clinical consequences. Normothermic bypass has no deleterious effect on end-organ function.
authors: Department of Cardio-thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium.
authors: L M
authors: LM
authors: Jacquet
authors: P H
authors: PH
authors: Noirhomme
authors: M J
authors: MJ
authors: Van Dyck
authors: G A
authors: GA
authors: El Khoury
authors: A J
authors: AJ
authors: Matta
authors: M J
authors: MJ
authors: Goenen
authors: R A
authors: RA
authors: Dion
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001769:Blood; D001831:Body Temperature; D002314:Cardioplegic Solutions; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; D005260:Female; D006324:Heart Arrest, Induced / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D002314:Cardioplegic Solutions