title: Synaptic responses evoked by lower urinary tract stimulation in superior cervical ganglion cells in the rat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Stimulation of afferent neurons from the urinary tract can evoke powerful cardiovascular reflexes in animals and in humans. Here we tested whether and to what extent postganglionic sympathetic neurons projecting to the head and neck are involved in these reflexes.
  
  
  METHODS
  In adult anesthetized female Wistar rats, reflex changes in synaptic activity elicited from the lower urinary tract were recorded in neurons of the superior cervical ganglion using intracellular recording techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gentle movements of the urethral cannula and/or slow injections of 0.3 to 0.6 ml. saline into the bladder modified synaptic activity in 75% of neurons tested: 11/15 neurons tested showed reflexes to urethral stimulation (8 excitatory, 3 inhibitory) and 8/12 neurons responded to bladder distension (5 excitatory, 3 inhibitory). Five neurons showed a reciprocal response pattern to the two stimuli. Suprathreshold and subthreshold inputs to a given cell mostly showed the same type of response. There was no evidence that urinary tract stimulation recruited preganglionic inputs that did not have ongoing activity prior to the stimulus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reflexes from the lower urinary tract clearly reached sympathetic neurons located in remote segments. The response incidence in the population studied suggests that most sympathetic neurons involved in cardiovascular regulation participate in these reflexes. The different reflex patterns probably occur in neurons with different functional targets in the head and neck.
authors: Prince of Wales Medical Research Institute, Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors: H J
authors: HJ
authors: Häbler
authors: E M
authors: EM
authors: McLachlan
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Jamieson
authors: P J
authors: PJ
authors: Davies
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012018:Reflex; D013233:Stellate Ganglion / Q000502:physiology*; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology*; D013569:Synapses / Q000502:physiology*; D014551:Urinary Tract / Q000294:innervation*; D014553:Urinary Tract Physiological Phenomena