Childhood tuberculosis in an urban population in South Africa: burden and risk factor.
OBJECTIVE
To study the epidemiology of childhood tuberculosis (TB) in a developing country.


METHODS
Two urban communities of Cape Town, South Africa with a TB case notification rate of 1149/100 000.


METHODS
Retrospective descriptive study using the national population census (1991), 10 year official TB notification records, and a geographical information system.


RESULTS
The case notification rate of TB in children 0-5 years old was 3588 cases/100 000 children aged 0-5 years, 3.5 times the case notification rate in adults. Children (0-14 years) accounted for 39% of the total case load. Childhood TB case notification rate correlated with parental education (r = -0.64), annual household income (r = -0.6), and crowding (r = 0.32).


CONCLUSIONS
Children, especially those living in poor socioeconomic conditions, form an important epidemiological group and account for a notable proportion of the morbidity caused by TB. Efforts to improve TB control must therefore not only target adults (case detection and cure of infectious cases) but also children (screening of child contacts of adult cases) and the socioeconomic living conditions.
van Rie
A
A
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Stellenbosch, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
Beyers
N
N
Gie
R P
RP
Kunneke
M
M
Zietsman
L
L
Donald
P R
PR
D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003906:Developing Countries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D015996:Survival Rate; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000453:epidemiology; D014504:Urban Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*