title: Different effects of an oral anticholinergic drug on gastroesophageal reflux in upright and supine position in normal, ambulant subjects: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is controversy in the literature on the effects of anticholinergic drugs on gastroesophageal reflux. Our aim was to study more extensively the effects of an oral anticholinergic drug on esophageal motility and gastroesophageal reflux in normal ambulant subjects under different circumstances: upright, supine, fed, and fasted state.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen healthy subjects (seven men, eight women), mean age 34 yr (range, 22-61 yr) underwent randomized placebo-controlled 16-h evening and overnight ambulatory esophageal motility/pH study. After a 3-day loading dose of either oral dicyclomine (Dic) 20 mg four times daily or placebo (Pla), an ambulatory esophageal motility/pH study was performed while taking medication or placebo. Each study was analyzed for meal, first and second h postprandial, upright and supine periods, and first 2 h supine after bedtime snack.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean number of reflux episodes decreased with dicyclomine during the first h postprandial (Dic, 1.9 vs Pla, 2.5; p < 0.05). During the first 2 h supine, mean number of reflux episodes increased with dicyclomine (Dic, 1.4 vs Pla, 0.8; p < 0.09), as did mean percent time pH < 4 (Dic, 2.6 vs Pla, 0.5; p < 0.04), with an increase in clearance time (Dic, 0.9 vs Pla, 0.3; p < 0.05; in min). Mean peristaltic amplitude decreased with dicyclomine during the 2nd h postprandial (Dic, 48.8 vs Pla, 56.3; p < 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral dicyclomine caused a decrease in early postprandial upright reflux episodes, but also significantly increased the percent time pH < 4 during the first two h supine. Therefore, its effects are dependent on body position and fasted or fed state. Our results justify additional studies with oral anticholinergic agents in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease.
authors: Department of Medicine, Allegheny University Hospitals, Graduate Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Koerselman
authors: K G
authors: KG
authors: Pursnani
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Peghini
authors: M A
authors: MA
authors: Mohiuddin
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Katzka
authors: L M
authors: LM
authors: Akkermans
authors: D O
authors: DO
authors: Castell
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004025:Dicyclomine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004947:Esophagus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory; D010528:Peristalsis / Q000187:drug effects; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011187:Posture; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D016683:Supine Position
chemical_list: D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists; D004025:Dicyclomine