title: Analysis of prognostic factors related to primary superficial bladder cancer tumor recurrence in prophylactic intravesical epirubicin therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of the present study were to examine the effects of intravesical instillation of epirubicin on tumor recurrence and to identify tumors that are at a high risk of recurrence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five patients with primary superficial bladder cancer were treated with prophylactic intravesical epirubicin following transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TUR-BT). Epirubicin (20 mg) was administered intravesically every second week for 4 months and then once a month or every 2 weeks for next 8 months. Patients were analyzed with respect to prognostic factors related to tumor recurrence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall recurrence-free rate, calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, was 76.1 and 52.3% at 2 and 5 years after operation, respectively. These results were better than those reported for patients treated with TUR-BT alone. A univariate analysis demonstrated that high-grade, T1, sessile, large (> or = 2 cm) and multiple tumors were a significantly high risk for recurrence. A multivariate analysis performed by using the Cox proportional hazard model with stepwise selection showed that morphologic features (pedunculated or sessile) were the most prognostic factors for recurrence. This was followed by age and tumor size. The remaining four factors were not found to contribute significantly to recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Epirubicin appears to be effective in preventing the recurrence of superficial bladder cancer. Morphologic features, patient age and size of the tumor were considered independent risk factors. The risk of recurrence for each tumor should be taken into consideration when the intravesical adjuvant therapy protocol is being selected.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Saiseikai Kurihashi Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Onitsuka
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ryoji
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kihara
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakazawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toma
mesh_terms: D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D015251:Epirubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D015251:Epirubicin