title: The frequency response of smooth muscle stiffness during Ca2+-activated contraction.
abstract: To investigate the mechanism of smooth muscle contraction, the frequency response of the muscle stiffness of single beta-escin permeabilized smooth muscle cells in the relaxed state was studied. Also, the response was continuously monitored for 3 min from the beginning of the exchange of relaxing solution to activating solution, and then at 5-min intervals for up to 20 min. The frequency response (30 Hz bandwidth, 0.33 Hz (or 0.2 Hz) resolution) was calculated from the Fourier-transformed force and length sampled during a 3-s (or 5-s) constant-amplitude length perturbation of increasing-frequency (1-32 Hz) sine waves. In the relaxed state, a large negative phase angle was observed, which suggests the existence of attached energy generating cross-bridges. As the activation progressed, the muscle stiffness and phase angle steadily increased; these increases gradually extended to higher frequencies, and reached a steady state by 100 s after activation or approximately 40 s after stiffness began to increase. The results suggest that a fixed distribution of cross-bridge states was reached after 40 s of Ca2+ activation and the cross-bridge cycling rate did not change during the period of force maintenance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine (Cardiology) and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Shue
authors.forename: F V
authors.initials: FV
authors.lastname: Brozovich
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D055592:Biophysical Phenomena; D001703:Biophysics; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000502:physiology; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D002118:Calcium