title: Akt protein kinase enhances human telomerase activity through phosphorylation of telomerase reverse transcriptase subunit.
abstract: With the amino acid sequences of all reported Akt kinase physiological substrates, the possible Akt kinase substrate specificity has been suggested. The serine/threonine residue to be phosphorylated in these proteins is placed within stretches of amino acids with homology, and the arginine residues on the -5 and -3 positions and a hydrophobic amino acid on the +2 position are conserved relative to those of serine/threonine residues (XXRXRXXS/TXX). We noticed two putative Akt kinase phosphorylation sites (220GARRRGGSAS229) and (817AVRIRGKSYV826) in human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) subunit. To demonstrate that hTERT is an Akt kinase substrate protein, we performed the nonradioactive protein kinase assay with the fluorescein hTERT peptide (817AVRIRGKSYV826). We observed the phosphorylation of hTERT peptide by the human melanoma cell lysate or the activated recombinant Akt kinase proteins in vitro. With the treatment of the growth factor deprivation or okadaic acid, we also observed the up-regulation of both hTERT peptide phosphorylation and the telomerase activity. We noticed that Wortmannin down-regulates hTERT peptide phosphorylation and telomerase activity together. In addition, we observed the enhancement of telomerase activity with the pretreatment of Akt kinase in vitro. Thus, these observations suggest that Akt kinase enhances human telomerase activity through phosphorylation of hTERT subunit as one of its substrate proteins.
authors.affiliation: Shin Dong Bang R&D Center, Seoul 137-132, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: D Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Do
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000730:Androstadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D019319:Okadaic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D012194:RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / Q000378:metabolism*; D019098:Telomerase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D000077191:Wortmannin
chemical_list: D000730:Androstadienes; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019319:Okadaic Acid; C494918:AKT1 protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D012194:RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; D019098:Telomerase; D000077191:Wortmannin