title: Stress-related changes in proinflammatory cytokine production in wounds.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several recent studies have shown that stress markedly delays wound healing. This study assessed the relationship between psychological stress and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines at an actual wound site, providing in vivo data on the development of local immune responses that are central in the early stages of wound repair.
  
  
  METHODS
  To study the dynamics of inflammation, skin blisters were induced on the forearm of 36 women (mean age, 57 years) by suction. After the blister roofs were removed, a plastic template was taped to the arm, and wells were filled with 70% autologous serum in buffer. Specimens were aspirated from blister chamber wells 5 and 24 hours after wounding.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women with higher perceived stress scores demonstrated significantly lower levels of 2 key cytokines--interleukin 1alpha and interleukin 8--at wound sites. In addition, subjects who had low levels of both cytokines after 24 hours reported more stress and negative affect, and they had higher levels of salivary cortisol than those who had high cytokine levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Consistent with the evidence that stress delays wound healing, these data suggest a possible mechanism: psychological stress has measurable effects on proinflammatory cytokine production in the local wound environment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, The Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA. Glaser.1@osu.edu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Glaser
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kiecolt-Glaser
authors.forename: P T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Marucha
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: MacCallum
authors.forename: B F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Laskowski
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Malarkey
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006304:Health Status; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D008016:Life Change Events; D008875:Middle Aged; D010555:Personality Inventory; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012737:Sex Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000523:psychology; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D016209:Interleukin-8