title: Antegrade continence enema and its application in Africa.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antegrade continent enema (ACE) procedure has been accepted worldwide as the salvage procedure for intractable constipation and faecal incontinence after anorectal malformation surgery. Its application only has been reported from the developed countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors performed four such operations on incontinent children in a poor socioeconomic group in South Africa.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three patients had previous surgery for anorectal malformation, and one had intractable encopresis. The patients kept clean with water washouts only, starting 1 week after the operation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ACE procedure can be used easily by patients in disadvantaged communities of Africa, and its use requires minimal but sympathetic supervision only. The authors recommend that all pediatric surgeons dealing with these unfortunate children should perform this procedure after a trial period of medical treatment. This is also the first report of the ACE procedure performed for an encopretic child.
authors.affiliation: Division of Paediatric Surgery, CH Baragwanath Hospital, Witwatersrand University, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Banieghbal
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Davies
mesh_terms: D001003:Anal Canal / Q000002:abnormalities; D002404:Catheterization; D002432:Cecum / Q000601:surgery*; D004733:Enema; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D012007:Rectum / Q000002:abnormalities; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology