title: The influence of classroom peers on cognitive performance in children with behavioural problems.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Identifying factors linked to underachievement is fundamental to understanding the associated academic difficulties and crucial to the development of effective intervention strategies. Underachievement in a number of academic domains has been shown to be associated with behavioural problems in the classroom but the nature of the association and direction of any causal link has yet to be clarified.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study explored the association between poor academic achievement and behavioural problems by examining the direct effects of peer presence on classroom performance in children with identified behavioural difficulties. Specifically, it was hypothesised that independent performance on a cognitive task would decrease as number of classroom peers present increased.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 24 children attending two special schools for children with emotional and behavioural difficulties participated in the study. Age range was 9-14 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  A within-subjects design was used in which performance on a set of perceptual/conceptual matching tasks was assessed under three conditions: the child working alone, alongside one other peer, or within a group of six. Measures of non-verbal intelligence and academic attainment were collected, along with teacher ratings of the severity of each child's problem behaviour.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Performance was found to be significantly influenced by peer presence, both in terms of number of correct responses and time taken to complete the matching tasks. Direction of effects on these two performance indicators differed according to number of peers present.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings highlight the importance of contextual factors in determining classroom performance in children with behavioural difficulties. Given the current pressure to educate all children in mainstream classes, findings have implications for classroom management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bevington
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Wishart
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010379:Peer Group; D011340:Problem Solving / Q000502:physiology*; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012931:Social Environment; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014477:Underachievement