title: Antimicrobial activities and postantibiotic effects of clarithromycin, 14-hydroxy-clarithromycin, and azithromycin in epithelial cell lining fluid against clinical isolates of haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
abstract: The antimicrobial activity of concentrations of selected macrolides found in epithelial cell lining fluid was investigated. Clarithromycin demonstrated greater potency and a significantly longer postantibiotic effect (PAE) than azithromycin against Streptococcus pneumoniae. Azithromycin displayed greater potency, faster killing, and a longer PAE than clarithromycin against Haemophilus influenzae. Drug concentrations in epithelial cell lining fluid similar to those found in tissue did not improve the synergistic potential of 14-hydroxy-clarithromycin and indicate that a maximal PAE may exist despite increasing concentrations of drug.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA.
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Bergman
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Peddicord
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Fey
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Rupp
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017963:Azithromycin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017291:Clarithromycin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; C056228:14-hydroxyclarithromycin; D017963:Azithromycin; D017291:Clarithromycin