title: SPECT imaging of pre- and postsynaptic dopaminergic alterations in L-dopa-untreated PD.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In PD, presynaptic dopamine transporters are known to be decreased, whereas postsynaptic striatal D2 receptors are proposed to be upregulated. However, the relationship between these alterations is not clear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the ability of SPECT to detect both the pre- and postsynaptic dopaminergic alterations of the striatum in patients with L-dopa-untreated PD.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 10 L-dopa-untreated patients with clinically mild PD and 21 age-matched normal controls. Individuals had both presynaptic [123I]beta-CIT dopamine transporter and postsynaptic [123I]IBF D2 SPECT studies 1 week apart.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In PD patients, the dopamine transporter binding potential Rv ipsilateral/contralateral to the most affected limbs was 30%/41%, 41%/50%, and 59%/68% lower than controls for caudate, anterior putamen, and posterior putamen, respectively. These bilateral Rv decreases showed a lateralized difference more reduced in the contralateral striatum as well as intrastriatal differences most reduced in the posterior putamen. In contrast, in PD patients the D2 binding potential Rv ipsilateral/contralateral was 15%/16% higher for caudate, 18%/14% higher for anterior putamen, and 28%/31% higher for posterior putamen. These bilateral Rv increases showed no lateralized differences and less marked intrastriatal differences. The motor Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale scores negatively correlated with dopamine transporter Rv but not with D2 Rv.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SPECT imaging can detect characteristic dopaminergic alterations in the striatum of dopa-untreated PD patients including the upregulation of postsynaptic D2 receptors (denervation supersensitivity). SPECT is widely available and is a promising clinical tool to evaluate PD patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital Site of University Medical Imaging Center, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ichise
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Ballinger
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vines
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Erami
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Lang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007980:Levodopa / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D008875:Middle Aged; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D011954:Receptors, Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D011954:Receptors, Dopamine; D007980:Levodopa