title: Angioarchitecture related to hemorrhage in cerebral arteriovenous malformations.
abstract: A retrospective study was conducted to determine the angioarchitecture related to hemorrhage in patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), who underwent conservative treatment and long-term follow-up. The average observation period was 9.3 years, and the annual bleeding rate was estimated at 3.6%. In all cases angiographic findings were reviewed in detail. The average AVM grade by Spetzler-Martin was 3.5. Higher bleeding rate was observed in large AVM (5.4%) compared with small (2.1%) or medium AVM (2.9%). Deep venous drainage (8.6%/year) was strongly correlated to hemorrhage. Concerning location of nidus, hemorrhage was frequently found in insular, callosal, and cerebellar AVMs. Venous ectasia, feeder aneurysm, and external carotid supply were commonly demonstrated on angiograms. Comparison of annual bleeding rate revealed that AVMs with intranidal aneurysm (8.5%) and venous stenosis (5.5%) had a high propensity to hemorrhage. Therapeutic strategy should be focused on these potentially hazardous lesions by the use of endovascular embolization or stereotactic radiosurgery, even if surgical resection is not indicated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Chiba University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mine
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yamakami
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamaura
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017542:Aneurysm, Ruptured / Q000209:etiology; D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed