title: Reconstitution of the organizer is both sufficient and required to re-establish a fully patterned body plan in avian embryos.
abstract: Lateral blastoderm isolates (LBIs) at the late gastrula/early neurula stage (i.e., stage 3d/4) that lack Hensen's node (organizer) and primitive streak can reconstitute a functional organizer and primitive streak within 10-12 hours in culture. We used LBIs to study the initiation and regionalization of the body plan. A complete body plan forms in each LBI by 36 hours in culture, and normal craniocaudal, dorsoventral, and mediolateral axes are re-established. Thus, reconstitution of the organizer is sufficient to re-establish a fully patterned body plan. LBIs can be modified so that reconstitution of the organizer does not occur. In such modified LBIs, tissue-type specific differentiation (with the exception of heart differentiation) and reconstitution of the body plan fail to occur. Thus, the reconstitution of the organizer is not only sufficient to re-establish a fully patterned body plan, it is also required. Finally, our results show that formation and patterning of the heart is under the control of the organizer, and that such control is exerted during the early to mid-gastrula stages (i.e., stages 2-3a), prior to formation of the fully elongated primitive streak.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Schoenwolf
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D001756:Blastoderm / Q000378:metabolism*; D019521:Body Patterning; D002642:Chick Embryo; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000378:metabolism*; D005453:Fluorescence; D005775:Gastrula / Q000378:metabolism; D006321:Heart / Q000196:embryology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers