title: Effect of transgalactooligosaccharides on the composition of the human intestinal microflora and on putative risk markers for colon cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nondigestible oligosaccharides have been claimed to benefit the health of the colon by selectively stimulating the growth of bifidobacteria and by decreasing the toxicity of the colon contents.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We compared the effect of 2 doses of transgalactooligosaccharides and a placebo on the composition and activity of the intestinal microflora in 18 women and 22 men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Strictly controlled experimental diets were supplied to 3 intervention groups in a parallel design. The study was divided into 2 consecutive 3-wk periods during which each participant consumed a run-in diet followed by an intervention diet that differed only in the amount of transgalactooligosaccharides: 0 (placebo), 7.5, and 15 g/d. Breath samples and fecal samples were collected at the end of both the run-in and intervention periods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Apparent fermentability of transgalactooligosaccharides was 100%. The highest dose of transgalactooligosaccharides significantly increased the concentration of breath hydrogen by 130% (P < 0.01) and the nitrogen density of the feces by 8.5% (P < 0.05). The number of bifidobacteria increased after both placebo and transgalactooligosaccharides ingestion, but the differences between these increases were not significantly different. Transgalactooligosaccharides did not significantly affect bowel habits; stool composition; the concentration of short-chain fatty acids or bile acids in fecal water; the concentration of ammonia, indoles, or skatoles in feces; fecal pH; or the composition of the intestinal microflora.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that transgalactooligosaccharides are completely fermented in the human colon, but do not beneficially change the composition of the intestinal microflora, the amount of protein fermentation products in feces, or the profile of bile acids in fecal water.
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Nutrition and Epidemiology, Wageningen Agricultural University, Netherlands. ms.alles@fcdf.nl
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Alles
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hartemink
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meyboom
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Harryvan
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Van Laere
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Nagengast
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Hautvast
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000641:Ammonia / Q000032:analysis; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D001644:Bifidobacterium / Q000378:metabolism; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000032:analysis; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D001944:Breath Tests; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*; D003672:Defecation; D004032:Diet; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D005690:Galactose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000032:analysis; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology*; D007536:Isomerism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D005227:Fatty Acids; D007211:Indoles; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D000641:Ammonia; D005690:Galactose