title: Effects of barbiturates on facilitative glucose transporters are pharmacologically specific and isoform selective.
abstract: Barbiturates inhibit GLUT-1-mediated glucose transport across the blood-brain barrier, in cultured mammalian cells, and in human erythrocytes. Barbiturates also interact directly with GLUT-1. The hypotheses that this inhibition of glucose transport is (i) selective, preferring barbiturates over halogenated hydrocarbon inhalation anesthetics, and (ii) specific, favoring some GLUT-# isoforms over others were tested. Several oxy- and thio-barbiturates inhibited [3H]-2-deoxyglucose uptake by GLUT-1 expressing murine fibroblasts with IC50s of 0.2-2.9 mm. Inhibition of GLUT-1 by barbiturates correlates with their overall lipid solubility and pharmacology, and requires hydrophobic side chains on the core barbiturate structure. In contrast, several halogenated hydrocarbons and ethanol (all </=10 mm) do not significantly inhibit glucose transport. The interaction of these three classes of anesthetics with purified GLUT-1 was evaluated by quenching of intrinsic protein fluorescence and displayed similar specificities and characteristics. The ability of barbiturates to inhibit other facilitative glucose transporters was determined in cell types expressing predominantly one isoform. Pentobarbital inhibits [3H]-2-deoxyglucose and [14C]-3-O-methyl-glucose uptake in cells expressing GLUT-1, GLUT-2, and GLUT-3 with IC50s of approximately 1 mm. In contrast, GLUT-4 expressed in insulin-stimulated rat adipocytes was much less sensitive than the other isoforms to inhibition by pentobarbital (IC50 of >10 mm). Thus, barbiturates selectively inhibit glucose transport by some, but not all, facilitative glucose transporter isoforms.
authors.affiliation: Anesthesia Research, Department of Anesthesiology, 1FP-4D, Henry Ford Health System, One Ford Place, Detroit, MI 48202-3450, USA.
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Haspel
authors.forename: K N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Stephenson
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Davies-Hill
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El-Barbary
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Lobo
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Croxen
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mougrabi
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Koehler-Stec
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Fenstermacher
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Simpson
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001463:Barbiturates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001692:Biological Transport; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D006221:Halothane / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006846:Hydrocarbons, Halogenated / Q000494:pharmacology; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics; D001463:Barbiturates; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D006846:Hydrocarbons, Halogenated; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; C495677:SLC2A1 protein, human; C495678:Slc2a1 protein, mouse; C495679:Slc2a1 protein, rat; D007530:Isoflurane; D005947:Glucose; D006221:Halothane