title: [Histopathologic and biological prognostic factors of clinical stage I non-seminomatous germ cell tumors. Implications for risk-adjusted therapy].
abstract: Purpose of our study was to develop a reliable model to define clinical stage I nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT) being at low risk and at high risk for occult retroperitoneal metastases based on pathohistological and immunohistochemical parameters in order to stratify the therapeutic approach. 3-5 paraffin-embedded formalin fixed tissue blocks of 149 clinical stage I NSGCT were available from all patients and were analyzed for histopathological features associated with pathological stage: presence/absence of vascular invasion, presence/absence of tunical invasion, percentage of each histological cell type present in the primary tumor. Immunohistochemical expression of MIB-1, p53, bcl-2, cathepsin D and e-cadherin was evaluated using a semiquantitative scoring ystem. Statistical analysis was performed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. Percentage of embryonal carcinoma [%EC (p < 0.001)] and presence of vascular invasion [VI (p < 0.0001)] were the most significant independent risk factors associated with pathological stage II disease. Combination of %EC and VI allowed correct prediction of final pathological stage in 88% of patients. Cut-off values including both variables identified correct pathological stage in 131/149 patients (88%). Less than 45% EC and absence of VI correctly identified pathological stage I disease in 91.5%; more than 80% EC and presence of VI correctly predicted pathological stage II in 88% of the patients. %EC and presence/absence of VI appear to be reliable prognosticators to identify both patients at high risk and at low risk for occult retroperitoneal disease. P53, bcl-2, MIB-1, cathepsin D and e-cadherin did not appear to be of prognostic value in clinical stage I NSGCT.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Universität zu Köln.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heidenreich
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Sesterhenn
authors.forename: F K
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Mostofi
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Moul
authors.forename: U H
authors.initials: UH
authors.lastname: Engelmann
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating; D011379:Prognosis; D012306:Risk; D018239:Seminoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor