title: Scotopic sensitivity/Irlen syndrome and the use of coloured filters: a long-term placebo-controlled study of reading strategies using analysis of miscue.
abstract: This study investigated the long-term effects of using coloured filters on the frequency and type of errors in oral reading. A double-masked, placebo-controlled crossover experimental design was used, with subjects being assessed over a period of 20 months. There were three experimental groups (Placebo tints, Blue tints, and Diagnosed tints) involving 113 subjects with reading difficulties, ranging in age from 9.2 yr. to 13.1 yr. The 35 controls (ranging in age from 9.4 yr. to 12.9 yr.) had reading difficulties but did not require coloured filters. There was a significant improvement for all groups in the accuracy of miscues over the period, although experimental groups over-all did not improve at a significantly different rate than the control group. The failure to find significantly greater improvement for the experimental groups over the control group for the total period, despite subjects' reports of improved print clarity, may be partly related to the lack of effective letter-sound analysis and synthesis skills and to the use of a word-identification strategy of guessing based on partial visual analysis.
authors.affiliation: Special Education Centre, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Foreman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003116:Color; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003623:Dark Adaptation; D004410:Dyslexia / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007909:Lenses / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010468:Perceptual Disorders / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010470:Perceptual Masking; D010700:Phonetics; D010919:Placebos; D011932:Reading; D013060:Speech; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014796:Visual Perception
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos