title: HIV-1-specific CD4+ T cells are detectable in most individuals with active HIV-1 infection, but decline with prolonged viral suppression.
abstract: The role of HIV-1-specific CD4+ T-cell responses in controlling HIV-1 infection remains unclear. Previous work has suggested that such cells are eliminated in the early stages of infection in most subjects, and thus cannot substantially contribute to host defense against HIV-1. Here, using flow cytometric detection of antigen-induced intracellular cytokines, we show that significant frequencies of gag specific, T-helper-1 CD4+ memory T cells are detectable in most subjects with active/progressive HIV-1 infection (median frequency, 0.12% of memory subset; range, 0-0.66%). Median frequencies of these cells were considerably higher in nonprogressive HIV-1 disease (0.40%), but there was substantial overlap between the two groups (range of nonprogressors, 0.10-1.7%). Continuous HIV-1 suppression with anti-retroviral therapy was associated with a time-dependent reduction in median frequencies of gag-specific CD4+ memory T cells: 0.08% in subjects treated for 4-24 weeks, and 0.03% in subjects treated for 47-112 weeks. Thus, functional HIV-1-specific CD4+ T cells are commonly available for support of anti-HIV-1 effector responses in active disease, but their decline with anti-retroviral therapy indicates that immunologic participation in long-term HIV-1 control will probably require effective vaccination strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-9072, USA.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Pitcher
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Quittner
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Connors
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Koup
authors.forename: V C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Maino
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Picker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003588:Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D015683:Gene Products, gag / Q000276:immunology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D008875:Middle Aged; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D015683:Gene Products, gag; D011498:Protein Precursors; C059767:p55 gag precursor protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1