title: Prediction of AD with MRI-based hippocampal volume in mild cognitive impairment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that MRI-based measurements of hippocampal volume are related to the risk of future conversion to Alzheimer's disease (AD) in older patients with a mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Patients who develop AD pass through a transitional state, which can be characterized as MCI. In some patients, however, MCI is a more benign condition, which may not progress to AD or may do so slowly.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty consecutive patients who met criteria for the diagnosis of MCI were recruited from the Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Center/Alzheimer's Disease Patient Registry.
  
  
  METHODS
  At entry into the study, each patient received an MRI examination of the head, from which the volumes of both hippocampi were measured. Patients were followed longitudinally with approximately annual clinical/cognitive assessments. The primary endpoint was the crossover of individual MCI patients to the clinical diagnosis of AD during longitudinal clinical follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the period of longitudinal observation, which averaged 32.6 months, 27 of the 80 MCI patients became demented. Hippocampal atrophy at baseline was associated with crossover from MCI to AD (relative risk [RR], 0.69, p = 0.015). When hippocampal volume was entered into bivariate models-using age, postmenopausal estrogen replacement, standard neuropsychological tests, apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, history of ischemic heart disease, and hypertension-the RRs were not substantially different from that found univariately, and the associations between hippocampal volume and crossover remained significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In older patients with MCI, hippocampal atrophy determined by premorbid MRI-based volume measurements is predictive of subsequent conversion to AD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Jack
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Ivnik
authors.forename: B F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Boeve
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Waring
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Tangalos
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kokmen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000473:pathology; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000473:pathology*; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000473:pathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E