title: Analgesia and sedation in the critically ill--a practical approach.
abstract: Advancements in intensive care therapy have progressed rapidly over the last two decades. Associated with this have been scientifically unsubstantiated sedation and analgesia practices in the intensive care unit. There is little consensus as to which agents are the most suitable, let alone when and how to use them. There are few, if any, placebo-controlled trials involving sedative drugs in critically ill patients. In an analysis of the literature, we have attempted to present a practical approach to sedation and analgesia practices in the critically ill patient. The aim is to present a framework upon which medical personnel managing critically ill patients can develop a strategy for their own circumstances.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, Baragwanath Hospital, Johannesburg.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Piccolo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lipman
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hon
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Burrows
mesh_terms: D000698:Analgesia / Q000379:methods; D000700:Analgesics / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods*; D016638:Critical Illness / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D001569:Benzodiazepines