title: Feasibility of endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms with local anesthesia with intravenous sedation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Local anesthesia has been shown to reduce cardiopulmonary mortality and morbidity rates in patients who undergo selected peripheral vascular procedures. The efforts to treat abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) with endovascular techniques have largely been driven by the desire to reduce the mortality and morbidity rates as compared with those associated with open aneurysm repair. Early results have indicated a modest degree of success in this goal. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of endovascular repair of AAAs with local anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  During a 14-month period, 47 patients underwent endovascular repair of infrarenal AAAs with local anesthesia that was supplemented with intravenous sedation. Anesthetic monitoring was selective on the basis of comorbidities. The patient ages ranged from 48 to 93 years (average age, 74.4 +/- 9.8 years). Of the 47 patients, 55% had significant coronary artery disease, 30% had significant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and 13% had diabetes. The average anesthesia grade was 3.1, with 30% of the patients having an average anesthesia grade of 4. The mean aortic aneurysm diameter was 5.77 cm (range, 4.5 to 12.0 cm). All the implanted grafts were bifurcated in design.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Endovascular repair of the infrarenal AAA was successful for all 47 patients. One patient required the conversion to general anesthesia to facilitate the repair of an injured external iliac artery via a retroperitoneal approach. The operative mortality rate was 0. No patient had a myocardial infarction or had other cardiopulmonary complications develop in the perioperative period. The average operative time was 170 minutes, and the average blood loss was 623 mL (range, 100 to 2500 mL). The fluid requirements averaged 2491 mL. Of the 47 patients, 46 (98%) tolerated oral intake and were ambulatory within 24 hours of graft implantation. The patients were discharged from the hospital an average of 2.13 days after the procedure, with 87% of the patients discharged less than 48 hours after the graft implantation. Furthermore, at least 30% of the patients could have been discharged on the first postoperative day except for study protocol requirements for computed tomographic scanning at 48 hours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first reported series that describes the use of local anesthesia for the endovascular repair of infrarenal AAAs. Our preliminary results indicate that the endovascular treatment of AAAs with local anesthesia is feasible and can be performed safely in a patient population with significant comorbidities. The significant potential advantages include decreased cardiopulmonary morbidity rates, shorter hospital stays, and lower hospital costs. A definitive evaluation of the benefits of local anesthesia will necessitate a direct comparison with other anesthetic techniques.
authors.affiliation: Section of Peripheral Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, USA.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Henretta
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Hodgson
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mattos
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Karch
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Hurlbert
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sternbach
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Ramsey
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Sumner
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation; D015897:Comorbidity; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome