title: Management of renal angiomyolipoma: a report of 53 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the clinical, therapeutic and prognostic aspects of renal angiomyolipoma (AML) in patients either monitored by clinical and radiological follow-up or treated by surgical therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-three patients with renal AML were divided in two groups; 33 patients in group 1 were monitored by annual clinical and ultrasonographic follow-up and 20 in group 2 were treated with surgical therapy. Two patients had tuberous sclerosis (TS) with synchronous bilateral and multiple lesions. Apart from the patients with TS, there were 38 lesions in group 1 and 25 in group 2. The mean (range) follow-up of group 1 was 60.2 (12-164) months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In group 1, the diagnosis was most often incidental, after ultrasonography performed for symptoms unrelated to AML. In group 2, the suspicion of a malignant renal lesion, and spontaneous tumour rupture with bleeding and perirenal haematoma, were the main indications for surgical treatment. The mean lesion diameter was significantly greater in group 2 (5.4 cm) and in symptomatic patients (8.1 cm). In group 1, 92% of renal AMLs showed no radiographic changes, serious complications or new renal or extrarenal lesions during the follow-up. Only three lesions grew, after 22, 85 and 164 months, respectively. Of the 20 patients in group 2, 14 underwent conservative surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Small (<4 cm) isolated AMLs, detected incidentally, showed a low risk of developing during long-term follow-up. Such patients may be followed conservatively by ultrasonography every 2 years. Spontaneous perinephric haemorrhage is related to the size of the lesion. When surgery is indicated (by symptoms or diagnostic doubt), a conservative procedure can be performed in most of cases.
authors.affiliation: Urological Clinic, Department of Medical and Surgical Disciplines, University of Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Luca
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Terrone
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Rossetti
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018207:Angiomyolipoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis