title: Muscle characteristics and plasma lactate and ammonia response after racing in Standardbred trotters: relation to performance.
abstract: Blood samples from the jugular vein and muscle biopsies (gluteus medius) in 25 Standardbred trotters were obtained 5-10 min after racing. The biopsies were analysed for fibre type composition and enzymatic profile and blood samples for plasma lactate and ammonia concentrations. Muscle characteristics, plasma lactate and ammonia concentrations after racing were compared with each horse's individual performance index (IPI). The IPI is calculated annually from the individual horse's racing performance (% placing 1, 2 or 3, total annual earnings, average earning per start, and best racing record), respectively, converted to and expressed as a percentage deviation from the average record of the same sex and age group. The IPI values were 100-116. Plasma lactate concentrations were 15.0-42.7 mmol/l (mean 31.3 mmol/l) and ammonia concentrations 65-210 micromol/l (mean 141 micromol/l) after racing. Fibre type composition varied among horses (range 9-27% for Type I, 32-54% for Type IIA, and 27-46% for Type IIB). Fibre type composition, enzyme activities, plasma lactate and ammonia responses to racing were not correlated to IPI. Ten of the horses also performed a submaximal test on the track, consisting of 5 incremental 1000 m heats at approximate speeds of 9.1, 9.5, 10.0, 10.5, and 11.1 m/s. Immediately after each heat a blood sample was drawn from the jugular vein for plasma lactate analysis. Plasma lactate response to exercise differed between horses, but no correlation was seen with IPI. Muscle characteristics, plasma lactate and ammonia concentrations after racing and lactate response to a submaximal track test did not correlate with current race performance expressed as IPI in a group of horses with average or better performance capacity at the time of testing. Analysis of lactate and ammonia in blood after racing is not a valuable tool to predict an individual performance index.
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Clinical Services, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ronéus
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Essén-Gustavsson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lindholm
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Persson
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000641:Ammonia / Q000097:blood*; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid; D000641:Ammonia