title: Genetic deletion of p21WAF1 enhances papilloma formation but not malignant conversion in experimental mouse skin carcinogenesis.
abstract: Tumor suppression by p53 is believed to reside in its ability to regulate gene transcription, including up-regulation of p21WAF1. In p53(-/-) mice, chemical- or oncogene-induced skin tumors undergo accelerated malignant conversion. To determine the contribution of the p21WAF1 gene product to epidermal carcinogenesis, animals +/+, +/-, and -/- for a null mutation in the p21WAF1 gene were treated once with 25 nmol 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, followed by 5 microg of TPA two times/week for 20 weeks. Papilloma frequency was higher in the p21WAF1-deficient mice. However, the frequency of malignant conversion was similar among all three genotypes. After TPA treatment, all genotypes developed epidermal hyperplasia, although the labeling index was lower in p21WAF1 (-/-) epidermis compared with p21WAF1 (+/+). Furthermore, the expression of differentiation markers was the same across genotypes in untreated or TPA-treated epidermis. Similar frequencies of malignant conversion were also observed in an in vitro assay. Thus, p21WAF1 suppresses early stages of papilloma formation but not malignant progression in mouse skin carcinogenesis, and decreased levels of p21WAF1 do not account for the enhanced malignant conversion of p53 null epidermal tumors.
authors.affiliation: Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4340, USA. wweinberg@yoda.nidr.nih.gov
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Weinberg
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Salas
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shalizi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mirosh
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stanulis
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hennings
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yuspa
mesh_terms: D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene; D000818:Animals; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000032:analysis; D015415:Biomarkers; D002273:Carcinogens; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D003043:Cocarcinogenesis; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D018450:Disease Progression; D004817:Epidermis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D017353:Gene Deletion; D016158:Genes, p53; D005838:Genotype; D006965:Hyperplasia; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008940:Mitotic Index; D010212:Papilloma / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D015415:Biomarkers; D002273:Carcinogens; C493957:Cdkn1a protein, mouse; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate