title: Fibroblast responses to variation in soft tissue mobilization pressure.
abstract: Augmented soft tissue mobilization therapy (ASTM), a newly developed massage therapy, has been successfully used in the treatment of chronic tendinitis patients. We theorized that the ASTM technique promotes healing through a controlled application of microtrauma.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine morphologic changes in the rat Achilles tendon after enzyme-induced injury with collagenase and subsequent pressure variations in ASTM therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty male white rats were randomly assigned to one of five groups with six animals per group: tendinitis (A), tendinitis plus light ASTM (B), tendinitis plus medium ASTM (C), tendinitis plus extreme ASTM (D), and control with surgery only (E). ASTM was performed for 3 min, for a total of six treatment sessions. The Achilles tendons of each group were harvested 1 wk after the last ASTM treatment. Fibroblast numbers were assessed by light microscopy. An electron microscope was used to observe enlargement of fibroblasts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistical analysis of the number of fibroblasts present indicated a significant difference (P<0.00) between group D and all other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The morphological evidence indicated that the application of heavy pressure promoted the healing process to a greater degree than light or moderate pressure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Physiology, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA. GGEHLSEN@WP.BSU.EDU
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Gehlsen
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Ganion
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Helfst
mesh_terms: D000125:Achilles Tendon / Q000166:cytology / Q000473:pathology*; D000818:Animals; D002452:Cell Count; D002455:Cell Division; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005347:Fibroblasts; D008297:Male; D008405:Massage; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D052256:Tendinopathy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy