title: Prevention of shoulder subluxation after stroke with electrical stimulation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Subluxation is a significant problem in poststroke hemiplegia, resulting in pain and loss of function. Current treatments are not proved and not considered effective. It has been demonstrated that cyclical electrical stimulation of the shoulder muscles can reduce existing subluxation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether electrical stimulation could prevent subluxation in both the short and long terms.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, randomized controlled study was used to determine the efficacy of electrical stimulation in preventing shoulder subluxation in patients after cerebrovascular accidents. Forty patients were selected and randomly assigned to a control or treatment group. They had their first assessment within 48 hours of their stroke, and those in the treatment group were immediately put on a regimen of electrical stimulation for 4 weeks. All patients were assessed at 4 weeks after stroke and then again at 12 weeks after stroke. Assessments were made of shoulder subluxation, pain, and motor control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The treatment group had significantly less subluxation and pain after the treatment period, but at the end of the follow-up period there were no significant differences between the 2 groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Electrical stimulation can prevent shoulder subluxation, but this effect was not maintained after the withdrawal of treatment.
authors.affiliation: Bioengineering Unit, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Linn
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Granat
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Lees
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D005260:Female; D006429:Hemiplegia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000534:rehabilitation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography; D012783:Shoulder Dislocation / Q000209:etiology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D016896:Treatment Outcome