title: Mast cells in psoriatic skin are strongly positive for interferon-gamma.
abstract: The increased number and early activation of cutaneous mast cells is a typical feature of psoriatic inflammation. Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) is believed to be one of the important mediators in the cytokine cascade of psoriasis. Human mast cells have been previously reported to release various cytokines upon stimulation including interleukin (IL) -4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-13 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Here we report that human mast cells synthesize also IFN-gamma at mRNA and protein level and that the number of IFN-gamma producing mast cells is significantly increased in the psoriatic skin. IFN-gamma immunoreactivity in mast cells was demonstrated by staining non-lesional and lesional skin sections from 21 patients with psoriasis. Ten patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and five healthy persons served as control groups. The percentage (mean +/- SD) of IFN-gamma + mast cells in lesional compared with non-lesional psoriatic skin was 67 +/- 18% vs. 44 +/- 17% (P < 0.0001, paired t-test), respectively, but only 9 +/- 6% vs. 10 +/- 7% in corresponding skin samples of AD. In the skin of healthy controls, only 12 +/- 12% of the mast cells were IFN-gamma +. Using immunoelectron microscopy, we confirmed the ultrastructural localization of IFN-gamma within the granules of mast cells in psoriatic skin. In addition, stimulation of a human mast cell line HMC-1 with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) (100 nmol/L) for periods of 2-24 h induced expression of IFN-gamma mRNA, which peaked at 24 h. When HMC-1 cells were stimulated with PMA (100 nmol/L) for periods of 0-3 days, the cells released IFN-gamma protein, peaking on day 1. These results provide further evidence for the important role of mast cells in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Kuopia University Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ackermann
authors.forename: I T
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Harvima
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pelkonen
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ritamäki-Salo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Naukkarinen
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Harvima
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horsmanheimo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008297:Male; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011565:Psoriasis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D007371:Interferon-gamma