title: Molecular modeling of an active loop structure in lysozyme. Sequence effects or crystal packing?
abstract: The Val99-Gly 104 variable region in egg white lysozyme is part of the active site cleft and of the epitope recognized by some monoclonal antibodies. In general, this loop is found in a conformation inflected towards the active site (proximal conformational) such as in free hen lysozyme (HEL). But in a lysozyme such as Japanese quail's (JEL), the loop turns away from the active site cleft (distal conformation). In order to differentiate sequence effects from crystal packing, we generated and refined loop conformations for the 99-104 variable region in lysozyme, then estimated their relative conformational free energies. Some of the results indicate that (i) the flexibility of the 99-104 segment is much greater for HEL than for JEL sequences when unconstrained by the crystal lattice, (ii) for JEL, only distal structures are favored, while for HEL the states span the zone between proximal and distal regions, and (iii) epitopes elucidated from crystal structures may not always be conserved in solution. For the JEL loop, model building shows that an energy-costly distal to proximal transition appears necessary. Finally, analysis of available structural data indicates that changes of humidity, temperature and pressure on loop conformation are negligible.
authors.affiliation: Unité d'Immunologie Structurale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. rmaroun@pasteur.fr
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Maroun
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D003461:Crystallography; D006813:Humidity; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009113:Muramidase / Q000737:chemistry*; D011312:Pressure; D011487:Protein Conformation; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012997:Solvents; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D012997:Solvents; D009113:Muramidase