title: [Preoperative radiochemotherapy in pancreatic cancer: preliminary results].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The prognosis of pancreatic cancer remains poor. Surgery, when feasible, is rarely curative. Radiation therapy (RT) and concomitant 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) have been shown to improve survival in locally advanced pancreatic cancer. In an attempt to improve resectability and disease control, we used preoperative chemoradiation in a combined modality therapy protocol. The purpose of this study was to evaluate our initial results in terms of acute toxicity and response.
  
  
  METHODS
  From October 1995 to May 1998, 20 patients (11 males, 9 females; mean age, 60.1 years; median follow-up, 28 months) with unresectable (12 patients) or resectable (8 patients) non-metastatic pancreatic tumors, received external beam radiation (39.6 Gy) plus 5-FU (96 hours continuous infusion, days 1-4 at 1000 mg/m2/day). After 4 weeks, patients were evaluated for surgical resection. In resected patients, electron-beam intraoperative radiation therapy (10 Gy) was given before reconstruction. Thereafter, in resected patients, adjuvant chemotherapy was prescribed (6 courses: 5-FU, mitomycin C, adriamicine).
  
  
  RESULTS
  During chemoradiation, no patients developed grade 3-4 acute toxicity. Three out of twelve (25%) patients with unresectable tumors had tumor downstaging. No patients showed partial or complete responses. Four out of twenty patients (20%) had minimal tumor response. Three patients showed disease progression after chemoradiation (liver or peritoneal metastases). Nine patients underwent surgical resection and IORT, with 1 postoperative death. The median survival time for the 20 patients was 9.4 (18.5 and 8.3 months in resected and unresected patients, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our preliminary results suggest that preoperative 5-FU chemoradiation was well tolerated and may result in tumor downstaging but the response-rate is still low. Based on the impact of surgical resection on survival, an improvement in local response rate is necessary.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Radiologia, Cattedra di Radioterapia, Roma.
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Morganti
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Trodella
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Valentini
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Doglietto
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ziccarelli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Macchia
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alfieri
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Smaniotto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Luzi
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Brizi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fadda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fiorino
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Di Gesú
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cellini
mesh_terms: D000206:Actuarial Analysis; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D018579:Patient Selection; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome