title: Rubella virus genome diagnosis during pregnancy and mechanism of congenital rubella.
abstract: Fetal infection with rubella virus was diagnosed based on the detection of viral genome in the fetus-derived tissues. While viral genomes were detected in 41 of those 112 cases (36.7%) where rubella virus infection of the mother was apparent, only 7 of 141 cases (5. 0%) showed evidence of fetal infection when maternal rubella infection was inapparent. All 184 babies born of genome-negative mothers have no congenital disorder, while 2 out of 7 genome-positive babies have a congenital disorder (28.6%). Rubella virus was not transmitted across the placenta when infection occurred prior to gestation. Transmission rate increased to a maximum level during the first trimester and declined to 0% until 20 weeks of gestation. Interval of viral transmission from the onset of rash in the mother was about 10 days to the placental villi and 20-30 days to the fetus. A phylogenetic tree of 61 virus isolates suggested no difference of virulence/teratogenicity among the virus isolates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Viral Disease and Vaccine Control, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashi-Murayama, Tokyo, Japan. katow@nih.go.jp
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Katow
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000821:virology; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012409:Rubella / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D012410:Rubella Syndrome, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012412:Rubella virus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral