Changes at the high end of risk in cigarette smoking among US high school seniors, 1976-1995.
OBJECTIVE
This study identified high school seniors at low, moderate and high risk for cigarette use to examine changes in the prevalence of daily smoking within risk groups from 1976 to 1995.


METHODS
Data were taken from the Monitoring the Future Projects national surveys of high school seniors. Risk classification was based on grade point average, truancy, nights out per week, and religious commitment. Logistic regression models were used to estimate trends for all seniors and separately for White (n = 244,221), African American (n = 41,005), and Hispanic (n = 18,457) made and female subgroups.


RESULTS
Risk group distribution (low = 45%, moderate = 30%, high = 25%) changed little over time. Between 1976 and 1990, greater absolute declines in smoking occurred among high-risk students (17 percentage points) than among low-risk students (6 percentage points). Particularly large declines occurred among high-risk African Americans and Hispanics. Smoking increased in all risk groups in the 1990s.


CONCLUSIONS
Among high school seniors, a large part of the overall change in smoking occurred among high-risk youth. Policies and programs to reduce smoking among youth must have broad appeal, especially to those at the higher end of the risk spectrum.
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Robert Wood Johnson Clinical Scholars Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
O'Malley
P M
PM
Schulenberg
J E
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Bachman
J G
JG
Johnston
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LD
D000041:Absenteeism; D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D012067:Religion; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000639:trends*; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data