title: Pre-operative chemoradiation therapy with 5-fluorouracil and low-dose daily cisplatin for esophageal cancer: a preliminary report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy (chemoradiation therapy; CRT) has recently been developed to improve the survival of esophageal cancer patients. However, the optimal choice of chemotherapeutic agents and their doses, as well as chemotherapy and radiotherapy regimens, remain unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  Based on recent advances in knowledge on the radiosensitizing and biochemical modulation effects of chemotherapeutic agents, we have recently developed concurrent CRT which consisted of continuous 5-fluorouracil (5FU) administration (600 mg/m2/day, days 1-5) combined with a low dose of daily cisplatin administration (10 mg/m2/day, days 1-5, and 5 or 10 mg/m2/day, days 8-12 and 15-19) before each fraction of radiation (2 Gy each). To evaluate the efficacy and safety of our concurrent CRT, 10 esophageal cancer patients received one or one and a half courses of the CRT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients tolerated and completed a full course of the CRT. The effectiveness of the CRT on the primary tumor included pathologically or endoscopically complete responses in three patients (30%), partial response in five (50%), no response in two (20%) and tumoral downstaging (T-classification) in five (50%). Grade 2 and Grade 3 toxicity, seen in six patients, did not affect surgical operation. No patients showed CRT-related deaths. Eight patients (80%) underwent resection with no operative mortality. Of these, two patients (25%) showed pathologically or endoscopically complete responses, and four (50%) showed partial response. Three patients died of cancer after resection. The two inoperable patients showed a pathologically complete response and partial response, respectively. They were relieved of their cancer-related complaints and were living without hospitalization at the time of this analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the concurrent CRT based on the theoretical backgrounds is effective and has acceptable toxicities with maintaining its efficacy for the treatment of esophageal cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Showa General Hospital, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shimoyama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Konishi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawahara
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaminishi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hojo
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oba
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shimizu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; D002945:Cisplatin; D005472:Fluorouracil