title: G-CSF versus GM-CSF for stimulation of peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC) and leukocytes in healthy volunteers: comparison of efficacy and tolerability.
abstract: This study compared two recombinant human (rh) hematopoietic growth factors in healthy volunteers for stem cell stimulation. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF, n=9) or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF, n=8) was given subcutaneously for 5 days (5 microg/kg/day). Controls (n=5) received no growth factor. Laboratory parameters and side effects were monitored for 8 days. Within 24 h, both cytokines led to a rapid increase of leukocytes, the majority of which were granulocytes. Compared with the controls (n=5), the increase on day 5 in the G-CSF/GM-CSF groups was 37-/10-fold (CD34+ cells), 5.2-/2.4-fold (leukocytes), 7.2-/3.0-fold (granulocytes), 7.4-/4.4-fold (monocytes), 1.7-/1.1-fold (lymphocytes), 9.8-/2.7-fold (basophils), 2.3-/9.6-fold (eosinophils), and 1.9-/1.6-fold (reticulocytes). The mobilization of myeloblasts, promyelocytes, myelocytes, and metamyelocytes coincided with the pronounced increase of CD34 + PBPC observed on day 4. Serum levels of uric acid (UA) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) increased under G-CSF, and platelets decreased after G-CSF discontinuation. Rash at the injection site occurred in 50% of the GM-CSF-treated volunteers. Seven volunteers in the GM-CSF group and six in the G-CSF cohort complained of flu-like symptoms, including musculoskeletal pain. We conclude that, in terms of tolerance and mobilization of CD34+ cells and leukocytes, G-CSF is superior to GM-CSF, but higher levels of UA and LDH and late decrease in platelets make monitoring of these parameters necessary.
authors.affiliation: Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderspital, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fischmeister
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurz
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Haas
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Micksche
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Buchinger
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Printz
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ressmann
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stroebel
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fritsch
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gadner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002455:Cell Division; D004906:Erythrocyte Count; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006098:Granulocytes / Q000166:cytology; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D006801:Humans; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D008297:Male; D010976:Platelet Count; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D014527:Uric Acid; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase