title: Adaptation of pharyngeal wall adduction after pharyngeal flap surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this investigation was to study lateral pharyngeal wall adduction relative to pharyngeal flaps of different widths. The hypothesis to be tested was that pharyngeal wall adduction does not increase postoperatively but may decrease due to the mechanical hindrance of a wide flap.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective study, adaptation of lateral pharyngeal wall adduction during speech was studied relative to pharyngeal flaps of different widths utilizing videoradiography. Flap width was determined nasopharyngoscopically.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients were treated by the Stockholm Cleft Palate Team, Sweden.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-three patients were strictly selected by discarding conditions known to exert uncontrolled influence on velopharyngeal sphincter function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results revealed a potential for adaptation of pharyngeal wall adduction to different flap widths. The magnitude and character (increase or decrease) of change in adduction was significantly correlated with the degree of preoperative adduction and with the width of the flap. In patients with limited preoperative adduction, pharyngeal wall activity increased, more in the presence of a narrow flap while less if the flap was wide. When preoperative adduction was pronounced, the postoperative activity decreased because of mechanical hindrance by the flap, and the degree of impediment was correlated to the width of the flap.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A potential for increased lateral pharyngeal wall adduction after pharyngeal flap surgery was verified, but the result cannot be interpreted as generally applicable because of the strict selection of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Logopedics and Phoniatrics, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. jkng@ent.ks.se
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Karling
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Henningsson
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Isberg
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement; D010609:Pharyngeal Muscles / Q000502:physiology; D010614:Pharynx / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014681:Velopharyngeal Insufficiency / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D014741:Video Recording; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000601:surgery