title: Biomolecular techniques to detect Pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis pneumonia in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To verify the clinical value of two different polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) for noninvasive diagnosis and follow-up during Pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis pneumonia (PCP) and to analyze the P. carinii f. sp. hominis genotypes involved.
  
  
  METHODS
  Internal transcribed spacers (ITSs) nested PCR was applied to 630 samples (bronchoalveolar lavage, sera, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and oropharyngeal samples) from 122 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and pneumonia and 40 control samples from 20 subjects seronegative for human immunodeficiency virus. One hundred and eighty samples also were examined by mt-rRNA PCR. Bronchoalveolar lavage samples and 33 sera were analyzed by type-specific oligonucleotide hybridization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On bronchoalveolar lavage samples, the two PCRs consistently confirmed the morphologic diagnosis of PCP. The sensitivity of ITSs nested PCR versus mt-rRNA PCR was 57.3% versus 14.3% on sera, 32.3% versus 22. 8% on peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and 69.1% versus 48.6% on oropharyngeal samples (garglings). Both PCRs had 100% specificity. Type-specific oligonucleotide hybridization revealed in 72.2% of bronchoalveolar lavage samples a single P. carinii f. sp. hominis genotype, whereas in 27.8% co-infection with more than one strain was detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On noninvasive samples, ITSs nested PCR was more sensitive than mt-rRNA PCR, and it confirmed the diagnosis in all patients with PCP. For each patient with PCP at least one noninvasive sample was positive for P. carinii f. sp. hominis DNA.
authors.affiliation: II Department of Infectious Diseases, L. Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Atzori
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Angeli
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Agostoni
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mainini
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Micheli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cargnel
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D000328:Adult; D018893:Bronchoalveolar Lavage; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011010:Pneumocystis / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011020:Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / Q000097:blood / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000628:therapy; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal