title: Stereopsis and binocular vision after surgery for unilateral infantile cataract.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence and level of binocular function in children with unilateral congenital or very early infantile cataract.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the charts of all patients with unilateral congenital or very early infantile cataract who underwent operation before 4 months of age, at the W. K. Kellogg Eye Center/University of Michigan Hospitals, from 1985 to 1995. Amblyopia was treated with a reduced patching schedule consisting of 1 hour per day per month of age for the first 6 months of life, in an attempt to improve binocular function by allowing more hours of binocular interaction during the presumed critical period for development of binocular cortical pathways.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen patients met the inclusion criteria. Seven patients had persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV) cataract and 6 had non-PHPV cataract. Overall, visual acuity of 20/80 or better developed in 69% of patients; 100% of eyes with non-PHPV cataract achieved visual acuity of 20/60 or better. Stereopsis of 400 arc seconds or better was detectable in 62% of patients, including 3 with PHPV cataract and 3 who required strabismus surgery in the first year of life. Three children had better than 150 arc seconds of stereopsis. The incidence of large-angle strabismus was 54%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Binocular cooperation, including gross and fine stereopsis, can develop in children with unilateral aphakia as a result of early removal of infantile cataracts. A less-strenuous patching schedule than has been historically advocated may foster this process, while restoring and maintaining good central visual acuity in patients with excellent compliance with contact lens and occlusion regimens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Michigan, W.K. Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor 48105, USA.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Archer
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Del Monte
mesh_terms: D000550:Amblyopia / Q000628:therapy; D001036:Aphakia, Postcataract / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002386:Cataract / Q000151:congenital*; D002387:Cataract Extraction; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003261:Contact Lenses; D003867:Depth Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012683:Sensory Deprivation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015348:Vision, Binocular / Q000502:physiology*; D014792:Visual Acuity