title: In vitro bactericidal activities of beta-lactamases, amikacin, and fluoroquinolones against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm in artificial urine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare bactericidal activities of antimicrobial agents against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms by employing an in vitro model of catheter-associated infection because such infections are refractory to antimicrobial treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bactericidal activities of piperacillin (PIPC), ceftazidime (CAZ), panipenem (PAPM), amikacin (AMK), ciprofloxacin (CPFX), and levofloxacin (LVFX) were examined against a P. aeruginosa biofilm generated on a Teflon catheter in artificial urine. The colony-forming activities of biofilm bacteria were determined for 48 hours during the treatment with each drug at concentrations of 1 up to 128 times the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC), and time-kill curves were constructed by plotting the viable cell counts against time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although CAZ was more bactericidal to the biofilm bacteria than PIPC, the biofilm bacteria still remained on the catheter during CAZ treatment at a concentration 128 times the MBC for 48 hours. Biofilm bacteria were completely eradicated within 48 hours by treatment with PAPM and AMK at a concentration 64 and 128 times the MBC, respectively. Both CPFX and LVFX eradicated biofilm bacteria completely by 24 hours at a concentration 32 times the MBC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that fluoroquinolones have the most potent bactericidal activity against the P. aeruginosa biofilm generated in urine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakame
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohi
mesh_terms: D000583:Amikacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D019999:Pharmaceutical Solutions; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects*; D014556:Urine; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D019999:Pharmaceutical Solutions; D000583:Amikacin; D001618:beta-Lactamases