title: Association of acetylcholine receptor alpha-subunit gene expression in mixed thymoma with myasthenia gravis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association of MG with the transcription of muscular or neuronal acetylcholine receptor (AChR) subunit genes in thymomas.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Many steps in the pathogenesis of MG have been elucidated but, with rare exceptions, its etiology is unknown. In patients with MG with thymoma, the tumor probably elicits autoimmunity to AChR, but it is enigmatic why MG develops in some patients but not in others.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence studies were carried out to investigate AChR expression in 35 patients with thymoma. Statistical analysis was used to specify significant differences between thymoma subtypes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Considering all thymomas (n = 35), no correlation was found between MG status and AChR gene expression as detected by RT-PCR. However, when histologically defined thymoma subtypes were studied separately, transcription of the muscular AChR P3A- alpha-subunit gene was significantly associated (alpha < 0.01) with the occurrence of MG in mixed thymomas (n = 17), but not in thymomas of the cortical type. For the other muscular AChR subunits (P3A+ alpha isoform, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) and the alpha2 and beta4 neuronal AChR subunits, no such correlation was detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Expression of the P3A AChR alpha-subunit gene might be important for the pathogenesis of MG in mixed thymomas, suggesting etiologic heterogeneity of paraneoplastic MG among patients with histologically different thymoma subtypes.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wilisch
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gutsche
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hoffacker
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schultz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tzartos
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Nix
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schalke
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Müller-Hermelink
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marx
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D009157:Myasthenia Gravis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic / Q000235:genetics*; D013945:Thymoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D013953:Thymus Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic