title: Soluble interleukin-1 receptor type II levels are elevated in cerebrospinal fluid in Alzheimer's disease patients.
abstract: Evidence from epidemiological, clinical and experimental studies favour the hypothesis that inflammatory events are part of the neuropathology in Alzheimer's disease. Proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) have been found in activated microglia in the vicinity of amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease brain. In the present study, the levels of soluble IL-1 receptor type II (sIL-1R type II), IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha were analyzed in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from Alzheimer's disease patients and control subjects. The levels of sIL-1R type II were significantly higher in CSF from Alzheimer's disease patients than in CSF samples from control subjects (38.5+/-8 pg/ml (mean+/-S.E.M.) vs. 7.9+/-4 pg/ml, p<0.05). Measurements of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-alpha showed no significant difference between the two groups, and the levels of IL-1beta and IL-1ra in the present material were too low to permit detection. The increased levels of sIL-1R type II may reflect a compensatory mechanism to balance an increased release of IL-1 receptor agonists in the Alzheimer's disease brain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Occupational Therapy and Elderly Care Research, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Huddinge University Hospital, S-141 86, Huddinge, Sweden. anita.garlind@cnsf.ki.se
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garlind
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brauner
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Höjeberg
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Basun
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schultzberg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015415:Biomarkers; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D008297:Male; D017628:Microglia / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D012995:Solubility; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015850:Interleukin-6; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha