title: Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and oral L-arginine in normal volunteers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent studies in patients with cardiovascular diseases suggest potential for the use of orally administered L-arginine, the precursor of nitric oxide, as a therapeutic agent. This crossover study was designed to examine the pharmacokinetics of single i.v. and oral doses of L-arginine in healthy volunteers (n = 10).
  
  
  METHODS
  A preliminary control study (n = 12) was performed to assess the variation in plasma L-arginine concentrations when ingesting a normal diet. The observed variation was taken into account when interpreting the pharmacokinetic data obtained after exogenous administration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean baseline plasma concentration of L-arginine in the control study was 15.1+/-2.6 microg ml(-1). After intravenous administration (30 g over 30 min), the plasma concentration reached 1390+/-596 microg ml(-1). The disappearance of l-arginine appeared biphasic, with an initial rapid disappearance due to concentration-dependent renal clearance followed by a slower fall in plasma concentrations due to nonrenal elimination. The peak concentration after oral administration (10 g) was 50.0+/-13.4 microg ml(-1), occurring 1 h after administration. Renal elimination was not observed after oral administration of this dose. The absolute bioavailability of a single oral 10 g dose of L-arginine is approximately 20%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides basic knowledge of L-arginine pharmacokinetics in healthy humans. Intravenous and oral administrations show at minimum a biphasic pattern. Further studies will assess whether a similar profile is observed when the drug is administered to patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Stanford University Medical Center, California 94305-5130, USA.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tangphao
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grossmann
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chalon
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Blaschke
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001120:Arginine / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001682:Biological Availability; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D001120:Arginine