title: Detection of heterogeneity of apoptotic fragments of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase in MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells: two-dimensional gel analysis.
abstract: Caspace-mediated proteolysis of the nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) (EC 2.4, 2.30) is a biochemical marker of cell death in response to various apoptotic stimuli. Anti-PARP antibodies identifying the 89 kDa polypeptide from the C-terminus as well as the 113 kDa native enzyme are often used to demonstrate evidence of apoptosis-associated, interleukin converting enzyme (ICE)-mediated limited cleavage. Recent evidence points to redundancy of caspases, heterogeneity of their cleavage sites, and a possibility of generating distinct context-specific, and cell-specific PARP fragments. In the present study, we employed antibodies directed to multiple sites in PARP and probed two-dimensionally resolved proteins of the estrogen receptor negative MDA-MB-468 breast tumor cells, induced to undergo apoptosis by ionizing radiation (IR). Our results revealed that the 24 kDa apoptotic fragment of PARP, from the N-terminus, consists of at least three isoforms, located at a p/more basic than the full length enzyme. We also report a hitherto unrecognized feature of an anti-PARP antiserum, VIC-5, detecting both the 89 kDa and the 24 kDa caspase-generated fragments of PARP. Thus, application of two-dimensional electrophoresis combined with antisera directed to multiple sites would be valuable in distinguishing PARP cleavage site- and inhibitor specificities of proteases during apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA. prasads@gunet.georgetown.edu
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Soldatenkov
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Notario
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Smulson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dritschilo
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology*; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000032:analysis*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases