title: Analysis of ankle deflection during a forward fall in snowboarding.
abstract: Toward the general goal of preventing ankle injuries in snowboarding accidents, the objective of this project to develop a dynamic system model of a snowboarder and assess which model parameters, particularly those attributed to the boot, most strongly influenced ankle deflections during a forward fall. To satisfy this objective, a system model was created that included the rider, the boots, the snowboard, and the snow as components. Through dynamic simulations, peak ankle deflections were computed over realistic ranges of input parameter values for each of the model components. Defining sensitivity as the total change in peak ankle deflection over the range of a particular parameter studied, results indicated that the peak ankle deflection was most sensitive to the boot stiffness. Although lower, the sensitivity of the peak ankle deflection to the snow model parameters was still significant, being roughly half of the boot sensitivity. Increases in both snow stiffness and snow damping caused higher ankle deflections. Variations in both snowboard stiffness and anthropometric parameters had little effect. Due to the strong dependence of ankle deflection on boot stiffness, the potential exists for mitigating the ankle injury problem through judicious design of the boot.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Estes
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Hull
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls; D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000886:Anthropometry; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004548:Elasticity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D012399:Rotation; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012775:Shoes; D012865:Skiing / Q000293:injuries*; D013597:Systems Analysis