title: IP-10 mediated reinforcement of human type 1 cytokine synthesis to environmental allergens among non-atopic subjects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Non-atopic subjects do not differ from those with allergic rhinitis or asthma in their ability to respond to environmental antigens, but in the nature of their response. IP-10, a CXC (alpha) chemokine, is produced by a wide variety of cell types, and differs from most chemokines in its specificity for activated lymphocytes. Here, we examine its potential role in the maintenance of putatively protective, type-1-dominated cytokine responses among non-atopic individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  The impact of rIP-10 on polyclonally driven, grass-pollen-and cat-antigen-stimulated type 1 (IFNgamma) and type 2 (IL-4) cytokine responses was examined in short-term cultures of fresh PBMC from non-atopic subjects directly ex vivo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  rIP-10 selectively enhanced polyclonally driven and antigen-specific IFNgamma, but not IL-4, responses, with median increases ranging from 100 to 400% following polyclonal activation and 20 to 30-fold in antigen-driven IFNgamma responses. rIP-10 levels with maximal activity were at or below those previously reported for maximal chemotactic activity and, most importantly, were within the range of those seen in plasma obtained from non-atopic subjects during the grass pollen season.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data suggest a potential role for IP-10 in the maintenance of protective, type-1-dominated responses in non-atopic subjects. They raise the possibility that this chemokine could be of therapeutic value in individuals with established type-2-dominated responses, e. g. in patients with immediate hypersensitivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gangur
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Simons
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: HayGlass
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D006969:Hypersensitivity, Immediate / Q000276:immunology; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D016207:Cytokines; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine