title: Serum levels of clomipramine and desmethylclomipramine and clinical improvement in panic disorder.
abstract: Several placebo-controlled trials have shown the efficacy of clomipramine (CMI) in panic disorder. However, none has investigated the relationship between CMI, and desmethylclomipramine (DCMI) plasma levels, and outcome. In this trial, 41 patients meeting the DSM-III-R criteria for panic disorder with/without agoraphobia received 50-200 mg of CMI daily in a single-blind, flexible dose regimen for 14 weeks. At the end of treatment, 97% of the patients were free of panic attacks. Patients were classified into two groups of improvement according to the panic symptom items of the 'Patient-Rated Anxiety Scale'. A repeated-measures analysis of variance suggested a significant association between outcome and serum DCMI level/daily dose ratio as well as total serum level/daily dose. Patients with intense improvement showed DCMI and total serum levels lower than those with moderate improvement. The results indicate the importance of monitoring clomipramine and desmethylclomipramine serum levels in this disorder.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Hospital das Clínicas/FMUSP (LIM-15), Brazil. tmarcour@usp.br
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Marcourakis
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gorenstein
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: da Motta Singer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic / Q000097:blood* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002997:Clomipramine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D016037:Single-Blind Method
chemical_list: D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; C012273:desmethylclomipramine; D002997:Clomipramine