title: Triglyceride as a risk factor for ischaemic heart disease in British men: effect of adjusting for measurement error.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the influence of differential precision in the measurement of the correlated variables total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol on the estimates of the risk of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) associated with plasma triglyceride levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Caerphilly Heart Disease Study (CHDS), a prospective cohort study of 2512 middle-aged men living in the town of Caerphilly, south Wales, UK. The results from two sub-studies were used to estimate the degree of measurement imprecision (laboratory error and within-person variation) in triglycerides, total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multivariable risk estimates for major IHD calculated from logistic regression analysis, adjusted and not adjusted for measurement imprecision. Major IHD events were defined as death from IHD, clinical non-fatal myocardial infarction or electrocardiographic myocardial infarction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 261 men with major IHD events during follow-up. In age-adjusted analyses, taking measurement imprecision into account strengthened associations with IHD for all lipid factors. The odds ratio (OR) for one S.D. increase in triglycerides, ignoring measurement imprecision, was 1.36 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.20-1.55) but 1.57 (95% CI 1.30-1.89) when taking imprecision into account. The standardised odds ratio for triglycerides adjusted for measurement imprecision and the two other lipid factors was 1.35 (95% CI 1.09-1.69). In this model, the triglyceride level showed a stronger association than total cholesterol (OR 1.28; 95% CI 1.05-1.56) and HDL cholesterol (OR for one S.D. decrease 1.20; 95% CI 0.97-1.49). When adding fasting blood glucose and diastolic blood pressure, however, the effect of triglycerides was reduced and ceased to be statistically significant (OR 1.19; 95% CI 0.95-1.49). This was further attenuated upon inclusion of body mass index, smoking status and history of pre-existing IHD. Total cholesterol remained a statistically significant (P < 0.05) risk factor in all models.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In contrast to other cohort studies, triglyceride concentration in the CHDS shows an association with the risk of IHD which is independent of total and HDL cholesterol. This effect was pronounced after adjustment for measurement imprecision. It was reduced, however, when adjusted for other factors. While hypertriglyceridaemia may exert an influence independent of other lipid factors, insulin resistance is probably the underlying metabolic disturbance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, UK. m.egger@bristol.ac.uk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Egger
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pfluger
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Altpeter
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Elwood
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D015996:Survival Rate; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D014280:Triglycerides