title: Differential inhibition of thrombin activity and thrombin generation by a synthetic direct thrombin inhibitor (napsagatran, Ro 46-6240) and unfractionated heparin in patients with deep vein thrombosis. ADVENT Investigators.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Direct thrombin inhibitors belong to a new class of antithrombotic drugs whose effects on blood coagulation in vivo in patients suffering from acute thrombotic conditions have not yet been fully explored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and five patients with acute proximal deep-vein thrombosis were randomized to receive a continuous intravenous infusion of napsagatran, a novel synthetic thrombin inhibitor, at a fixed dose of 5 mg/h (n = 36) or 9 mg/h (n = 25) for five days, or APTT-adjusted unfractionated heparin (UFH, n = 44) for the same time. In these patients, thrombin activity and thrombin generation could be assessed by measuring thrombin-antithrombin III complexes (TAT) and prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2), respectively, on three occasions. At baseline, TAT and F1+2 did not differ among the three groups. On Day 2 (steady state), TAT significantly decreased in all groups, and the decrease was significantly more pronounced in the patients given higher-dose napsagatran. F1+2 decreased significantly only in UFH-treated patients. Two hours after cessation of the infusion, the TAT levels increased in the two napsagatran groups but not in the UFH group, whilst F1+2 went back to the baseline levels in the napsagatran-treated patients but remained low in the UFH-treated patients. There was no rebound effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data presented suggest that direct thrombin inhibition with napsagatran at 9 mg/h is more potent than UFH in attenuating thrombin activity, but is less potent than UFH in inhibiting thrombin generation. The real significance of these findings will have to be substantiated in further trials with clinically relevant endpoints.
authors.affiliation: Division of Angiology and Hemostasis, University Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland. bounamea@cmu.unige.ch
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bounameaux
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ehringer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gast
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hulting
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rasche
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Rapold
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reber
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Tschopp
mesh_terms: D000991:Antithrombins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006493:Heparin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010880:Piperidines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013917:Thrombin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000502:physiology; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000991:Antithrombins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D009281:Naphthalenes; D010880:Piperidines; D006493:Heparin; D013917:Thrombin; C087198:napsagatran