title: The biochemical pathway of neurofibrillary degeneration in aging and Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the spatiotemporal mapping of neurofibrillary degeneration (NFD) in normal aging and the different stages of AD.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The pathophysiologic significance of AD lesions, namely amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, is still unclear, especially their interrelationship and their link with cognitive impairment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 130 patients of various ages and different cognitive statuses, from nondemented control subjects (n = 60, prospective study) to patients with severe definite AD. Paired helical filaments (PHF)-tau and Abeta were used as biochemical and histologic markers of NFD and amyloid plaques, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NFD with PHF-tau was systematically present in variable amounts in the hippocampal region of nondemented patients age >75 years. When NFD was found in other brain areas, it was always along a stereotyped, sequential, hierarchical pathway. The progression was categorized into 10 stages according to the brain regions affected: transentorhinal cortex (S1), entorhinal (S2), hippocampus (S3), anterior temporal cortex (S4), inferior temporal cortex (S5), medium temporal cortex (S6), polymodal association areas (prefrontal, parietal inferior, temporal superior) (S7), unimodal areas (S8), primary motor (S9a) or sensory (S9b, S9c) areas, and all neocortical areas (S10). Up to stage 6, the disease could be asymptomatic. In all cases studied here, stage 7 individuals with two polymodal association areas affected by tau pathologic states were cognitively impaired.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The relationship between NFD and Alzheimer-type dementia, and the criteria for a biochemical diagnosis of AD, are documented, and an association between AD and the extent of NFD in defined brain areas is shown.
authors.affiliation: Unité INSERM 422, Lille, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Delacourte
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: David
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sergeant
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Buée
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wattez
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vermersch
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ghozali
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fallet-Bianco
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pasquier
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lebert
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Petit
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Di Menza
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000682:Amyloid / Q000032:analysis; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D016874:Neurofibrillary Tangles / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000682:Amyloid