title: Nutritional depletion and dietary manipulation: effects on the immune response.
abstract: The association between nutritional depletion and the increased susceptibility for infectious diseases has been recognized for a long time. The complexity of the immune system, however, makes it difficult to unravel the underlying mechanisms. It appears that depletion adversely affects virtually all components of the immune system. This review provides an overview over the specific requirements of substrates by immune cells and the effects of nutritional depletion on various components of the immune response, with special attention to gut-associated lymphoid tissue. The literature concerning effects of dietary interventions with specific nutrients on the immune response is also discussed. Finally, we offer a hypothesis with regard to the improvement of composition of "trauma" nutrition solutions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Hospital Maastricht, P. Debyelaan 25, 6202AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Hulsewé
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: van Acker
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: von Meyenfeldt
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Soeters
mesh_terms: D001120:Arginine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000276:immunology; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D005973:Glutamine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000276:immunology; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue / Q000276:immunology; D009748:Nutrition Disorders / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D018529:Nutritional Support; D010581:Peyer's Patches / Q000276:immunology; D013217:Starvation / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000276:immunology; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative
chemical_list: D005973:Glutamine; D001120:Arginine