title: Developmental trajectories of disruptive behavior problems in preschool children of adolescent mothers.
abstract: Using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM), we analyzed individual developmental trajectories of disruptive behavior problems between ages 3.5 to 6.0 years for 183 children of adolescent mothers. We examined how the level of problem behavior (intercept) and the rate of change over time (slope) are influenced by child's sex, mother's depression/anxiety symptoms, and mother's use of negative control for regulating child behavior. On average, disruptive behavior decreased from age 3.5 to 6.0. Child sex and maternal depression/anxiety related to the level of behavior problems but not to the rate of change. Boys and children of more depressed/anxious mothers exhibited higher levels of disruptive behavior. Maternal negative control was associated with both level of disruptive behavior and rate of change, and negative control mediated the effects of maternal depression/anxiety. Greater negative control corresponded to higher levels of behavior problems and no reduction in their display over time. Child race moderated effects of negative control.
authors.affiliation: Center for Human Development and Disability, University of Washington, Seattle 98195-7920, USA. spieker@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Spieker
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gilchrist
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology; D001007:Anxiety; D019958:Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D002668:Child Rearing / Q000208:ethnology; D016241:Child of Impaired Parents; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003863:Depression; D018450:Disease Progression; D019260:Expressed Emotion / Q000502:physiology; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008423:Maternal Age; D008425:Maternal Behavior; D008960:Models, Psychological; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology