title: A novel inhibitor of advanced glycation end-product formation inhibits mesenteric vascular hypertrophy in experimental diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that the vascular changes in diabetes include hypertrophy of the mesenteric vasculature and that this process can be attenuated by the inhibition of advanced glycation with aminoguanidine. Since aminoguanidine can also act as an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, the effect of a novel inhibitor of advanced glycation end-products, formation that does not inhibit nitric oxide synthase, known as 2,3 diaminophenazine (2,3 DAP) was evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Initially, in vitro assessment of the ability of 2,3 diaminophenazine to inhibit formation of advanced glycation products was performed. Subsequently, in vivo studies evaluating 2,3 diaminophenazine and aminoguanidine were carried out. Animals were followed for 3 weeks after induction of diabetes and randomised to no treatment, aminoguanidine or 2,3 diaminophenazine. Mesenteric vessels were weighed and advanced glycation end-products were measured by radioimmunoassay in vessel and kidney homogenates. In addition, these products were assessed in mesenteric vessels by immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When compared with control animals, diabetes was associated with an increase in mesenteric vascular weight. Treatment of diabetic rats with aminoguanidine or 2,3 diaminophenazine resulted in attenuation of vascular hypertrophy. Both aminoguanidine and 2,3 diaminophenazine reduced the formation of advanced glycation end-products as measured by radioimmunoassay and as assessed immunohistochemically in these vessels. This reduction was also observed in the kidney.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data support the concept that the effects of aminoguanidine in reducing diabetes associated vascular hypertrophy are via inhibition of advanced glycation end-products dependent pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin and Repatriation Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Vic, Australia.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Soulis
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sastra
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Thallas
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Mortensen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wilken
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Clausen
authors.forename: O J
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Bjerrum
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jerums
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Boel
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Cooper
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000378:metabolism*; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000378:metabolism*; D006984:Hypertrophy / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008638:Mesenteric Arteries / Q000473:pathology; D008642:Mesenteric Veins / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D010619:Phenazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011817:Rabbits; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D010619:Phenazines; C054312:2,3-diaminophenazine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat