title: Embryonic toxicity of insecticide Sumithion 50 EC and herbicide Fusilade S in pheasants after individual or combined administration.
abstract: The purpose of this work was to determine the individual and combined effects of insecticide Sumithion 50 EC (50% fenitrothion) and herbicide Fusilade S (12.5% fluazifop-P-butyl) on the development of pheasant embryos. Eggs were treated by injection of various concentrations of pesticides into the air space on day 12 of incubation. Pathological examination of embryos was carried out on day 23 of the hatching period. Mortality rate, body weight data and morphological alterations were evaluated after the macroscopic examination. The skeletal staining method was used to detect deformities. The two pesticides used in combination moderated the toxic/teratogenic effects of individual treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agrochemical Hygiene, Georgikon Faculty, Pannon University of Agricultural Sciences, Keszthely, Hungary.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Varga
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hlubik
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Várnagy
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Budai
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Molnár
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001717:Birds / Q000196:embryology*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology; D004095:Dihydropyridines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D004531:Eggs; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005278:Fenitrothion / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D006540:Herbicides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D004095:Dihydropyridines; D006540:Herbicides; D007306:Insecticides; C050582:fluazifop; D005278:Fenitrothion