title: Determination of cognitive hemispheric lateralization by "functional" transcranial Doppler cross-validated by functional MRI.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Changes of blood flow velocity in the right and left middle cerebral artery (MCA) induced by cognitive demands are detectable by means of "functional" transcranial Doppler sonography (fTCD). Functional MRI (fMRI) is an alternative method for mapping brain activity. The purpose of this study was to determine whether fTCD can detect hemispheric lateralization and to cross-validate fTCD with fMRI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bilateral continuous MCA monitoring of 14 healthy, right-handed subjects with TCD was performed while the subjects underwent a visuospatial task, and the hemispheric blood flow velocity shift was calculated. Identical stimulus and response patterns were used in fMRI. Blood oxygenation level-dependent fMRI was performed with the use of a gradient-echo echo-planar sequence on a 1.5-T scanner. Statistical maps were computed on a voxel-by-voxel basis, hemispheric ratios for activated pixels were computed, and a group study was performed separately for the male and female subgroups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistical analyses (t test) showed a significantly higher mean peak blood flow velocity increase (P<0.05) of the right MCA (111.3+/-7.0%) compared with the left MCA (107.1+/-6.1%). fMRI demonstrated bilateral activation in the superior parietal lobulus (Brodmann area 7) with a right/left ratio of 1.95. Concordant differences between the female and male subgroups could be visualized with both methods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both methods succeeded in discriminating a blood flow shift to the right hemisphere induced by a complex cognitive visuospatial task. fMRI cross-validates the findings of fTCD. Our study suggests that fTCD can investigate the close relationship between brain activity and blood flow and lateralize higher cognitive functions reliably.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroradiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Germany. schmidt@altavista.net
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Krings
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Willmes
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Roessler
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reul
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thron
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D004453:Echoencephalography; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000592:standards*; D008280:Magnetics; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial