title: Optimization of magnetic resonance imaging parameters for left ventricular wall motion studies at 0.5 T.
abstract: Magnetic resonance cine imaging of left ventricular wall motion at rest or during stress may be used to assess myocardial function, infarction and viability, or reversible ischaemia. Whilst interpretation of the cines rests critically on image quality, there is little in the literature which systematically examines the optimal imaging parameters for such wall motion studies at rest or during stress. This study was designed to examine several imaging parameters for cine optimization using a conventional 0.5 T scanner. Gradient echo imaging was performed in two groups of volunteers with varying echo times and flip angles. The period between excitations was 80 ms (simulating a resting heart rate) in one group, and 40 ms (simulating tachycardia during stress) in the other group. Short axis imaging yielded the highest contrast between blood and myocardium for both repetition times (rest p = 0.02; stress p < 0.001) compared with the long axes, because of magnetic saturation of blood moving slowly in-plane. Contrast was higher at end-diastole than end-systole for the long axes (rest p < 0.0001; stress p < 0.0002), but not significantly different in the short axis. Increasing the echo time and flip angle resulted in increased signal but eventually caused motion artefact and magnetic saturation of blood. The optimal parameters were an echo time of 14 ms and a 45 degrees flip angle for resting heart rates, with the flip angle falling to between 35 degrees and 45 degrees for tachycardia. The choice of imaging parameters is therefore a compromise between improved signal and unwanted artefacts, although the latter are less evident in the short axis plane, which yields the best contrast results because of high blood inflow effects.
authors.affiliation: Magnetic Resonance Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Pennell
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Manzara
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Underwood
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Longmore
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D004176:Dipyridamole; D004280:Dobutamine; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013610:Tachycardia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000503:physiopathology; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D004280:Dobutamine; D004176:Dipyridamole