title: Neurotensin mediates rat bladder mast cell degranulation triggered by acute psychological stress.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An increased number of activated mast cells have been documented in interstitial cystitis (IC), a painful bladder disorder occurring primarily in women and exacerbated by stress. Mast cells in the bladder and in the intestine are often found in juxtaposition to neurons, where they are activated by neuropeptides and neurotransmitters as well as by acute psychological stress. This work was undertaken to investigate whether the neuropeptide neurotensin (NT) is involved in the activation of bladder mast cells by acute psychological stress.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male 300-g Sprague-Dawley rats were either kept on the bench in a quiet procedure room or stressed by confining them one at a time for 30 minutes in a clear Plexiglas immobilizer and then killed with carbon dioxide. The bladder was removed and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde. Frozen sections were either stained with acidified toluidine blue or processed for NT immunocytochemical analysis. An immunosorbent assay was used to also measure NT in bladder homogenate before and after stress.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bladder mast cell activation in control rats was 37.3 +/- 1.4%, as judged by extrusion of granule contents. Degranulation in stressed animals increased to 75.3 +/- 5.5% (P = 0.0003). Treatment of the animals neonatally with capsaicin decreased mast cell degranulation to 48.9 +/- 7.5% (P = 0.008), a 35.1% inhibition. Intraperitoneal administration of the nonpeptide NT receptor antagonist SR48692 sixty minutes before stress decreased bladder mast cell degranulation to 25.2 +/- 3.6% (P = 0.00007), a 66.5% inhibition. This value is 32.5% below control levels, indicating that NT is involved in basal mast cell degranulation. Stress also reduced the total bladder NT content.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results indicate that NT mediates the effect of acute, nontraumatic psychological stress on bladder mast cell degranulation. They further suggest that NT receptor antagonists may be useful in subpopulations of patients with IC in whom symptoms worsen under stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Tufts University School of Medicine, New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Alexacos
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Boucher
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Cochrane
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Sant
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Theoharides
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D015550:Cell Degranulation; D008297:Male; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D009496:Neurotensin / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000166:cytology*
chemical_list: D009496:Neurotensin