title: Early referral for intentional rescue PTCA after initiation of thrombolytic therapy in patients admitted to a community hospital because of a large acute myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  If no in-house facilities for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) are present, thrombolytic therapy is the treatment of choice for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). A few studies have shown benefit from rescue PTCA in patients directly admitted to centers with PTCA facilities. The obvious question arises whether patients with AMI initially admitted to a community hospital can benefit from early transfer for intentional rescue PTCA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred sixty-five patients were transferred early for intentional rescue PTCA from a community hospital at a distance of 20 miles. On arrival at the angioplasty center, bedside markers were used to determine reperfusion. In case of obvious reperfusion, no invasive procedure was done; otherwise, coronary angiography and rescue PTCA, if necessary, was performed. During transfer, 1 (1%) patient died and 15 (9%) patients had arrhythmic or hemodynamic problems. Median time delay between onset of chest pain and arrival at the community hospital and the PTCA center was 61 minutes (range 0 to 413) and 150 minutes (range 28 to 472), respectively. In 66 (40%) patients, reperfusion was diagnosed by noninvasive reperfusion criteria on arrival at the PTCA center (group 1). Ninety-eight (59%) patients without evident noninvasive criteria of reperfusion underwent angiography 187 median minutes after the onset of chest pain. Forty-one (25%) patients had Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction grade 3 flow, and no further intervention was performed (group 2). In the remaining 57 (35%) patients, rescue PTCA was performed, which was successful in 96% (group 3). In-hospital mortality rate was lowest in group 1 compared with the other 2 groups (0% vs 7% vs 11%; P <.05). Reinfarction was highest in group 1 compared with the other groups (17% vs 5% vs 2%; P <.01). No significant differences were found in coronary artery bypass grafting, stroke, or bleeding complications. The 1-year follow-up data showed low revascularization rates; 2 (1%) patients died after discharge from the hospital.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early transfer of patients with large AMI for intentional rescue PTCA can be done with acceptable safety and is feasible within therapeutically acceptable time limits and results in additional early reperfusion in 33% of patients. A large, randomized, multicenter trial is needed to compare efficacy of intravenous thrombolytic treatment in a community hospital versus early referral for either rescue or primary PTCA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Oude Ophuis
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Bär
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vermeer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Krijne
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: de Swart
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: van Ommen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: de Zwaan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Engelen
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Dassen
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Wellens
mesh_terms: D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D004630:Emergencies; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006764:Hospitals, Community; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012449:Safety; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome