title: Validation of animal experiments on ciliary function in vitro. I. The influence of substances used clinically.
abstract: In vitro studies of ciliary activity require specimens of healthy epithelium in relatively large quantities. Since human material is difficult to obtain, fresh chicken trachea samples have frequently been used in function experiments. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether several substances had comparable effects on the ciliary beat frequency (CBF) of chicken trachea and cryopreserved human respiratory epithelium obtained from the sphenoidal sinus. For this study, we used two topical anaesthetics: cocaine (3% and 7%) and lidocaine (2%). These anaesthetic substances were adjusted to pH 6 and pH 7. We also used two decongestants, namely xylometazoline 0.1% and oxymetazoline 0.1%, and the beta-blocking agent propranolol. Topical anaesthetics appeared to be more ciliostatic in solutions with pH 7 compared to pH 6. Complete ciliostatic effects were reversible, with the exception of the ciliostasis induced by propranolol. The effects of these substances on the CBF of fresh chicken trachea and cryopreserved human tissue did not differ significantly. These experiments show that chicken trachea constitutes a valid substitute for human material in studying ciliary activity in vitro. Moreover, the experiments provide evidence in support of the assumption that cryopreservation has no effect on ciliary reactivity as expressed by the CBF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Boek
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Romeijn
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Graamans
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Verhoef
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Merkus
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Huizing
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002642:Chick Embryo; D003042:Cocaine / Q000494:pharmacology; D015925:Cryopreservation; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009079:Mucociliary Clearance / Q000187:drug effects*; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000187:drug effects; D014663:Nasal Decongestants / Q000494:pharmacology; D010109:Oxymetazoline / Q000494:pharmacology; D011433:Propranolol / Q000494:pharmacology; D014132:Trachea / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D007093:Imidazoles; D014663:Nasal Decongestants; D010109:Oxymetazoline; D008012:Lidocaine; D011433:Propranolol; D003042:Cocaine; C009695:xylometazoline