A human endogenous retrovirus-like (HERV) LTR formed more than 10 million years ago due to an insertion of HERV-H LTR into the 5' LTR of HERV-K is situated on human chromosomes 10, 19 and Y.
A chimeric long terminal repeat (LTR) containing the whole LTR of a human endogenous retrovirus-like element of the H family (HERV-H) inserted downstream of the core enhancer region of the 5' LTR of a HERV-K retroelement was detected and sequenced in the human 19p12 locus, known to be enriched with genes encoding zinc finger proteins. Similar chimeras were also detected in human chromosomes 10 and Y in human-hamster hybrid cells containing individual human chromosomes. This finding was interpreted as evidence of transpositions of the chimera in the genome. PCR analyses detected the chimera in the genomes of chimpanzee and gorilla, but not in that of orangutan. These data demonstrate that the chimera appeared in the primate germ cells more than 10 million years ago, before divergence of the human/chimpanzee and the gorilla lineages. The combination of the two LTRs forms a new regulatory system that can be involved in nearby gene expression.
Lapuk
A V
AV
Khil
P P
PP
Lavrentieva
I V
IV
Lebedev
Y B
YB
Sverdlov
E D
ED
D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002879:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10; D002888:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19; D020077:Endogenous Retroviruses / Q000235:genetics*; D006071:Gorilla gorilla; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D002679:Pan troglodytes; D020079:Terminal Repeat Sequences; D014998:Y Chromosome