title: Intraoperative hypothermia is an independent risk factor for early cytomegalovirus infection in liver transplant recipients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Early cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation infections have been found to be associated with a number of stress responses such as severe bacterial infection. Intraoperative hypothermia is known to be a significant physiological stressor. Hence, we sought to evaluate a relationship between intraoperative hypothermia during liver transplantation and early CMV infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Relationships between intraoperative hypothermia and early CMV infection were assessed using univariate and multivariate analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 11 of 100 patients who had CMV infection detected within the first 30 days after the transplant and 16 of 100 in the next 3 months after the transplant. The median intraoperative temperature (34.4 degrees C) of those who subsequently developed early CMV infection was significantly lower than that in patients who did not develop early CMV infection (35.3 degrees C; P = 0.032). Multivariate analysis showed that only hypothermia was an independent predictor of early CMV infection (odds ratio 2.8, 95% confidence intervals 1.2-6.4; P = 0.047).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraoperative hypothermia during liver transplantation increases the risk of CMV infection in the 1st month postoperatively and active warming seems to reduce this risk.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Disease Section, VA Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15240, USA.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Paterson
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Staplefeldt
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Wagener
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gayowski
authors.forename: I R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Marino
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007430:Intraoperative Care / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors