title: Prospective assessment of the utility of EUS in the evaluation of gallstone pancreatitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The ability to identify common bile duct stones by noninvasive means in patients with acute biliary pancreatitis is limited. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the ability of endosonography (EUS) to identify cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis and predict disease severity in patients with nonalcoholic pancreatitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  EUS was performed immediately before endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) by separate blinded examiners within 72 hours of admission. Gallbladder findings were compared between EUS and transabdominal ultrasonography (US). Using endoscopic extraction of a bile duct stone as the reference standard for choledocholithiasis, the diagnostic yield of EUS was compared with transabdominal US and ERCP. Features identified during endosonographic imaging of the pancreas were correlated with length of hospitalization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-six patients were studied. EUS and transabdominal US were concordant in their interpretation of gallbladder findings in 92% of patients. The sensitivity of transabdominal US, EUS, and ERCP for identifying choledocholithiasis was 50%, 91%, and 92% and the accuracy was 83%, 97%, and 89%, respectively. Length of hospital stay was longer in patients with peripancreatic fluid (9.2 vs. 5.7 days, p < 0.1) and shorter in patients with coarse echo texture (2.6 vs. 7.2 days, p < 0.05) demonstrated on EUS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EUS can reliably identify cholelithiasis and is more sensitive than transabdominal US in detecting choledocholithiasis in patients with biliary pancreatitis. EUS may be used early in the management of patients with acute pancreatitis to select those who would benefit from endoscopic stone extraction. The utility of EUS for predicting pancreatitis severity requires further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Radiology, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chak
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Hawes
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Catalano
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Herbener
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Sivak
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D019160:Endosonography / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D042882:Gallstones / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity