title: Effects of ethanol and its metabolite acetaldehyde on responses of the rat bladder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the pharmacological effects of ethanol and its metabolite acetaldehyde on isolated rat bladder muscle, and thus assess the potential influence of ethanol ingestion on the risk of urinary retention in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Isometric tension changes of isolated rat bladder muscle strips were recorded in an organ bath using a pressure transducer. The acute or prolonged effects of ethanol (1-4%) or acetaldehyde (0.01, 0.1 or 1 mmol/L) were assessed on resting tension, electrical field stimulation (EFS), and bethanechol- (0.5 mmol/L), ATP- (2 mmol/L) or KCl- (127 mmol/L) induced contraction. To determine the mechanism of acetaldehyde-induced stimulation, an antihistamine, diphenhydramine was used after bethanechol stimulation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the concentrations used, ethanol and acetaldehyde did not change the pH of the bathing medium. The resting tension of the muscle was not changed by ethanol, and acetaldehyde caused only a small increase in baseline tone at 1 mmol/L. Incubation with ethanol or acetaldehyde significantly suppressed contractility induced by EFS, bethanechol, ATP or KCl at each concentration (P<0.05). Contractions induced by all drugs were not changed significantly by the acute application of ethanol and the acute application of acetaldehyde did not affect contractions induced by ATP or KCl. However, EFS- or bethanechol-induced contractions were significantly enhanced (P<0. 05). The acetaldehyde-induced effects were completely blocked by the H1 antagonist, diphenhydramine (10 micromol/L).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ethanol did not affect resting tension but acetaldehyde and ethanol suppressed bladder muscle contractions. However, direct acetaldehyde-stimulation may release histamine and enhance contractility. This suggests that chronic alcoholism rather than acute intoxication is more likely to provoke urinary retention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Chungnan, Korea.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sohng
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000079:Acetaldehyde / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D018723:Bethanechol / Q000494:pharmacology; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D018723:Bethanechol; D000431:Ethanol; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D000079:Acetaldehyde