title: Plasma homocysteine distribution and its association with parental history of coronary artery disease in black and white children: the Bogalusa Heart Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Elevated homocysteine is associated with increased risk for coronary artery disease (CAD) in adults, but its distribution in children is not well documented. We examined the distribution of homocysteine in children and its relation to parental history of CAD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A subsample of 1137 children (53% white, 47% black) aged 5 to 17 years in 1992 to 1994 examined in the Bogalusa Heart Study (n=3135), including all with a positive parental history of CAD (n=154), had plasma homocysteine levels measured. Homocysteine correlated positively with age (r=0.16, P=0.001). No race or sex differences in homocysteine levels were observed; geometric mean (GM) levels were 5.8 micromol/L (95% CI, 5.6 to 6.1) among white males, 5.8 micromol/L (95% CI, 5.5 to 6.0) among white females, 5.6 micromol/L (95% CI, 5.4 to 5.8) among black males, and 5.6 micromol/L (95% CI, 5.4 to 5.9) among black females. Children with a positive parental history of CAD had a significantly greater age-adjusted GM homocysteine level (GM, 6.7 micromol/L; 95% CI, 6.4 to 7.1) than those without a positive history (GM, 5.6 micromol/L; 95% CI, 5.4 to 5.7); this relation was observed in each race-sex group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher homocysteine levels were observed among children with a positive family history of CAD. Additional studies should elucidate the contribution of genetic, dietary, and other factors to homocysteine levels in children.
authors.affiliation: Tulane Center for Cardiovascular Health, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Greenlund
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dalferes
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pickoff
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Berenson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D044383:Black People / Q000235:genetics*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL / Q000097:blood; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008145:Louisiana; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents; D012307:Risk Factors; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012885:Skinfold Thickness; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics*; D001741:Black or African American
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D006710:Homocysteine; D002784:Cholesterol