title: Epimerization of moxalactam by albumin and simulation of in vivo epimerization by a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model.
abstract: We investigated the mechanism of epimerization (R to S or S to R) of moxalactam in serum of rats, dogs, and humans. The epimerization of moxalactam occurred in the serum of these animals, but not in the serum filtrate. The albumin fraction of human serum purified by gel filtration catalysed the epimerization of moxalactam at an identical rate to serum, but other fractions (i.e., lipoproteins and globulins) showed slower epimerization. alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, which was eluted in the same fraction with albumin by G-200 gel filtration, did not epimerize moxalactam. The presence of 2 mM warfarin decreased the binding of R- and S-moxalactam and decreased the epimerization of moxalactam in human serum. These results demonstrate moxalactam was epimerized on the warfarin binding site on albumin in serum. Additionally, a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model shows that the epimerization of moxalactam after administration in dogs is simulated by the epimerization in serum.
authors.affiliation: Shionogi Research Laboratories, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan. takayoshi.yoshikawa@shionogi.co.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oguma
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ichihashi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirano
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001711:Biotransformation; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D002850:Chromatography, Gel / Q000379:methods; D004285:Dogs; D006801:Humans; D007536:Isomerism; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D008956:Models, Chemical; D009070:Moxalactam / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D012709:Serum Albumin; D009070:Moxalactam