title: NMR relaxation times in the human brain at 3.0 tesla.
abstract: Relaxation time measurements at 3.0 T are reported for both gray and white matter in normal human brain. Measurements were made using a 3.0 T Bruker Biospec magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner in normal adults with no clinical evidence of neurological disease. Nineteen subjects, 8 female and 11 male, were studied for T1 and T2 measurements, and 7 males were studied for T2. Measurements were made using a saturation recovery method for T1, a multiple spin-echo experiment for T2, and a fast low-angle shot (FLASH) sequence with 14 different echo times for T2. Results of the measurements are summarized as follows. Average T1 values measured for gray matter and white matter were 1331 and 832 msec, respectively. Average T2 values measured for gray matter and white matter were 80 and 110 msec, respectively. The average T2 values for occipital and frontal gray matter were 41.6 and 51.8 msec, respectively. Average T2 values for occipital and frontal white matter were 48.4 and 44.7 msec, respectively. ANOVA tests of the measurements revealed that for both gray and white matter there were no significant differences in T1 from one location in the brain to another. T2 in occipital gray matter was significantly higher (0.0001 < P < .0375) than the rest of the gray matter, while T2 in frontal white matter was significantly lower (P < 0.0001). Statistical analysis of cerebral hemispheric differences in relaxation time measurements showed no significant differences in T1 values from the left hemisphere compared with the right, except in insular gray matter, where this difference was significant at P = 0.0320. No significant difference in T2 values existed between the left and right cerebral hemispheres. Significant differences were apparent between male and female relaxation time measurements in brain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Wansapura
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Holland
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Ball
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016477:Artifacts; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012016:Reference Values; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013997:Time Factors