title: Effects of RSR13, a synthetic allosteric modifier of hemoglobin, alone and in combination with dizocilpine, on outcome from transient focal cerebral ischemia in the rat.
abstract: This study examined the effect of a pharmacologically induced rightward shift in the partial pressure of oxygen at which 50% of hemoglobin is saturated (P50) on outcome from transient focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. Halothane anesthetized rats (n=20 per group) were given saline or a single 15-min infusion of 150 mg/kg RSR13 (2-[4-[[3,5-dimethylanilino) carbonyl]methyl]phenoxy]-2-methylproprionic acid) intravenously before or 30 min after onset of 75 min of middle cerebral artery filament occlusion (MCAO). Seven days later, severity of hemiparesis and cerebral infarct size were examined. RSR13 alone did not significantly improve outcome. Conscious normothermic rats (n=12 per group) were also given RSR13 (150 mg/kg) or 0.9% NaCl intravenously and subjected to 75 min of MCAO with 7 days of recovery. Again, RSR13 alone did not significantly reduce infarct size or improve neurologic score. A dose-response curve for dizocilpine (MK-801) was then constructed in conscious normothermic rats subjected to 75 min of MCAO. Dizocilpine (0.5 mg/kg i.v.) caused a 90% reduction in mean infarct size while 0.25 mg/kg reduced infarct size by 48%. Other rats were then subjected to 75 min of MCAO after being given dizocilpine (0.25 mg/kg i.v.; n=18) or RSR13 (150 mg/kg i.v. )+dizocilpine (0.25 mg/kg i.v.; n=15). RSR13+dizocilpine resulted in smaller cortical infarct volume (8+/-14 mm3 vs. 34+/-37 mm3, p<0.02) and total cerebral infarct volume (46+/-28 mm3 vs. 81+/-60 mm3, p<0. 05) compared to dizocilpine alone, respectively. We conclude that a pre-ischemic peak increase in P50 of approximately 25 mmHg alone is insufficient to reduce focal ischemic injury, but may be advantageous when used in conjunction with other neuroprotective agents.
authors.affiliation: Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sarraf-Yazdi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sheng
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Grocott
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Bart
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Pearlstein
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Steffen
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Warner
mesh_terms: D000495:Allosteric Site / Q000187:drug effects; D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000986:Antisickling Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D001831:Body Temperature; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D011422:Propionates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D000814:Aniline Compounds; D000986:Antisickling Agents; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D006454:Hemoglobins; D011422:Propionates; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate; C067396:efaproxiral