title: Bridging to heart transplantation: prostaglandin E1 versus prostacyclin versus dobutamine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and prostacyclin have potent pulmonary and systemic vasodilating properties. This prospective, randomized trial compared PGE1 vs prostacyclin vs. low-dose dobutamine in patients with low-output heart failure awaiting heart transplantation (HTx) who were refractory to oral treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients in advanced heart failure in New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class IV, with a cardiac index < or = 2.5 L/minute/m2 and a pulmonary capillary wedge pressure > or = 20 mmHg, who were listed for HTx were studied. In an inpatient study phase of 12 hours duration, therapy was aimed to increase cardiac output by 20% or more, when compared to baseline values, and to achieve a reduction of pulmonary vascular resistance below 550 dyn.s/cm-5m-2. During a long-term outpatient phase, the drugs were continuously infused to bridge these patients to HTx using three combined negative endpoints (worsening heart failure, serious adverse events, death) for analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-eight patients were enrolled, 30 patients on PGE1, 8 patients on prostacyclin, and 30 patients on dobutamine. During the inpatient study phase, maximum doses were 22 +/- 1.8 ng/kg/minute for PGE1, 7 +/- 1 ng/kg/minute for prostacyclin and 5 +/- 0.4 micrograms/kg/minute for dobutamine. During the inpatient study phase 21 patients failed, 4/30 (13%) patients on PGE1, 4/8 patients on prostacyclin (50%), and 13/30 (43%) on dobutamine (p < 0.05). Long-term continuous intravenous drug infusion in outpatients was begun in 26 patients on PGE1, in 4 patients on prostacyclin, and in 17 patients on dobutamine. Infusion therapy lasted for 88 +/- 14 days in the PGE1 group with 31 +/- 22 days in the prostacyclin group, and 30 +/- 8 days in the dobutamine group (NS). During the outpatient phase 23 patients reached a negative endpoint with 16 patients developing worsening heart failure, 5 severe adverse events and 2 deaths. Seven out of 26 (27%) failed on PGE1, 4/4 (100%) failed on prostacyclin, and 12/17 (71%) failed on dobutamine (p < 0.05, log rank test). Because prostacyclin treatment was ineffective in the first 8 patients, this trial arm was stopped prematurely.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings from this prospective open pilot trial suggest that continuous PGE1 infusions at individualized dosages can be useful in certain patients as a pharmacologic bridging procedure with reduced risk to develop worsening heart failure before HTx compared to prostacyclin and dobutamine. Further comparative studies are warranted to investigate the effects of PGE1 among other bridging agents.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stanek
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sturm
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Frey
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hülsmann
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bojic
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rödler
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Locker
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grimm
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Laufer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pacher
mesh_terms: D000527:Alprostadil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000187:drug effects; D002303:Cardiac Output, Low / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002423:Cause of Death; D018450:Disease Progression; D004280:Dobutamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011464:Epoprostenol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D016027:Heart Transplantation; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011669:Pulmonary Wedge Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D004280:Dobutamine; D011464:Epoprostenol; D000527:Alprostadil