title: Intraoperative lymphatic mapping and the sentinel node concept in colorectal carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Orderly progression of nodal metastases has been described for melanoma and breast cancer. The first draining lymph node, the sentinel node, is also the first to contain metastases and accurately predicts nodal status. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of lymphatic mapping and sentinel node biopsy in colorectal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 50 patients with colorectal cancer patent blue dye was injected around the tumour. After resection of the tumour the specimen was examined to identify blue-stained lymph nodes. Routine histopathological examination was performed on all nodes and the blue, haematoxylin and eosin-stained tumour-negative nodes were tested immunohistochemically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lymphatic mapping was possible in 35 of 50 patients (70 per cent). Pathological examination with haematoxylin and eosin staining showed lymph node metastases in 20 of 35 patients. In eight of these 20 patients the blue nodes showed tumour, while in 12 the blue nodes were not involved. This represents a false-negative rate of 60 per cent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lymphatic mapping using patent blue dye is feasible in colorectal cancer. The blue-stained nodes do not predict nodal status of the remaining lymph nodes in the resected specimen. The concept of lymphatic mapping and sentinel node identification is not valid for colorectal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Joosten
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Strobbe
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Wauters
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pruszczynski
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wobbes
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Ruers
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000556:secondary*; D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology*; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*