The role of exposure in posttraumatic stress in youths following the 1995 bombing.
This study investigated the relative impact of various forms of exposure to the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing in middle and high school students seven weeks after the incident. We assessed 3210 youths with an instrument that probed for physical, television, and emotional exposure to the bombing and subsequent posttraumatic stress symptomatology and television reactivity. The majority of youths were exposed through physical proximity--hearing and/or feeling the blast--and through television viewing. These types of exposure, as well as emotional exposure, constituted important variables in the development of posttraumatic stress symptoms and television reactivity. Youths with immediate family casualties were more symptomatic than those without.
Pfefferbaum
B
B
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA.
Moore
V L
VL
McDonald
N B
NB
Maynard
B T
BT
Gurwitch
R H
RH
Nixon
S J
SJ
D000293:Adolescent; D005107:Explosions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009825:Oklahoma; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000209:etiology*; D013690:Television; D014754:Violence