title: Low-dose ranitidine for the relief of heartburn.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Approximately 30% of adults in the USA suffer from heartburn or related symptoms monthly; more than 20% of these sufferers experience heartburn at least once per day. Although many rely on self-medication with antacids for the relief of their symptoms, treatments that decrease gastric volume as well as increase the pH of refluxed material should be more effective in relieving heartburn.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the safety and efficacy of low-dose regimens of ranitidine for the relief of heartburn.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adults with at least a 3-month history of heartburn were eligible for this randomized, double-blind, parallel group, multicentre dose-ranging study. Following a 1-week open-label run-in phase to document baseline heartburn frequency, subjects were randomized to receive treatment with one tablet of either ranitidine 75 mg (n = 491), ranitidine 25 mg (n = 504), or placebo (n = 494), to be taken as needed up to four times daily for 2 weeks for the relief of heartburn.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ranitidine 75 mg regimen was clinically (> 10 percentage points) and statistically (P < 0.05) significantly more effective than placebo for all measured efficacy end-points in relieving heartburn and reducing antacid consumption. In addition, the ranitidine 75 mg regimen was superior to placebo in providing heartburn relief within 30 min of dosing that lasted for up to 12 h. Ranitidine 25 mg was observed to be statistically superior (P < 0.05) but not clinically different from placebo, as defined a priori, in providing heartburn relief. All treatments were well tolerated and adverse events occurred no more frequently with the ranitidine regimens than with placebo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ranitidine 75 mg provides prompt relief of heartburn that lasts for up to 12 h and has a safety profile comparable to that of placebo.
authors.affiliation: Glaxo Wellcome Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA.kap6089@Glaxowellcom.com
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Pappa
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Gooch
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Buaron
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Payne
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Giefer
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sirgo
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Ciociola
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006356:Heartburn / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011899:Ranitidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D011899:Ranitidine