title: Metanephric adenoma-like tumors of the kidney: report of 3 malignancies with emphasis on discriminating features.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Metanephric adenoma is a very rare benign renal tumor; only 80 well-documented cases have been reported to date. We have seen several renal tumors that were originally incorrectly diagnosed as metanephric adenoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present 3 unusual renal tumors (2 primary and 1 metastatic), each of which illustrates important pathologic features useful in discriminating metanephric adenoma from malignant mimics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Case 1 involved a 46-year-old man with multiple small, cortical, solid, papillary (chromophil) renal cell carcinomas in his right kidney; the patient developed multiple, histologically identical, solid, papillary (chromophil) carcinomas in the opposite kidney 17 months later. Case 2 involved a 32-year-old woman with a 14-cm right renal tumor who developed soft tissue and bone metastases over a 17-year period. Case 3 involved a 52-year-old woman who presented with a 1.8-cm corticomedullary renal nodule, which eventually proved to represent a metastasis from a poorly differentiated (insular) carcinoma of the thyroid. All 3 tumors superficially resembled metanephric adenoma and consisted of primitive, dark-staining cells arranged in tubules or sheets. Each tumor, however, also had features inconsistent with the diagnosis of metanephric adenoma, including multifocal lesions with a variable nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio and diffuse cytokeratin 7 and epithelial membrane antigen immunopositivity in case 1, a 14-cm-diameter tumor with occasional mitoses in case 2, and a distinct fibrous capsule with capsular and vascular invasion in case 3. In addition, all 3 tumors lacked the cytologic features of bland overlapping nuclei with imperceptible cytoplasm consistently seen in metanephric adenoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adherence to strict histopathologic criteria will discourage misdiagnosis of a malignant or potentially malignant renal neoplasm as the rare and always benign metanephric adenoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Ill 60611-3053, USA.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Pins
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: E V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Martul
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Kamat
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Umlas
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Renshaw
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000473:pathology*; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology*; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged