title: The secretory route of the leaderless protein interleukin 1beta involves exocytosis of endolysosome-related vesicles.
abstract: Interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), a secretory protein lacking a signal peptide, does not follow the classical endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi pathway of secretion. Here we provide the evidence for a "leaderless" secretory route that uses regulated exocytosis of preterminal endocytic vesicles to transport cytosolic IL-1beta out of the cell. Indeed, although most of the IL-1beta precursor (proIL-1beta) localizes in the cytosol of activated human monocytes, a fraction is contained within vesicles that cofractionate with late endosomes and early lysosomes on Percoll density gradients and display ultrastructural features and markers typical of these organelles. The observation of organelles positive for both IL-1beta and the endolysosomal hydrolase cathepsin D or for both IL-1beta and the lysosomal marker Lamp-1 further suggests that they belong to the preterminal endocytic compartment. In addition, similarly to lysosomal hydrolases, secretion of IL-1beta is induced by acidotropic drugs. Treatment of monocytes with the sulfonylurea glibenclamide inhibits both IL-1beta secretion and vesicular accumulation, suggesting that this drug prevents the translocation of proIL-1beta from the cytosol into the vesicles. A high concentration of extracellular ATP and hypotonic medium increase secretion of IL-1beta but deplete the vesicular proIL-1beta content, indicating that exocytosis of proIL-1beta-containing vesicles is regulated by ATP and osmotic conditions.
authors.affiliation: National Cancer Institute, 16132 Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Andrei
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dazzi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lotti
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Torrisi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chimini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rubartelli
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D010450:Endopeptidases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005089:Exocytosis / Q000502:physiology*; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D005905:Glyburide / Q000494:pharmacology; D006046:Gold; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D051907:Lysosomal Membrane Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D015388:Organelles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009997:Osmotic Pressure; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007375:Interleukin-1; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D051907:Lysosomal Membrane Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011498:Protein Precursors; D006046:Gold; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D010450:Endopeptidases; D005905:Glyburide