title: Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: 78-year follow-up of the original family.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The association between heredity, gastrointestinal polyposis, and mucocutaneous pigmentation in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) was first recognised in 1921 by Peutz in a Dutch family. This original family has now been followed-up for more than 78 years. We did mutation analysis in this family to test whether the recently identified LKB1 gene is indeed the PJS gene in this family.
  
  
  METHODS
  The original family was retraced and the natural history of PJS was studied in six generations of this kindred by interview, physical examination, chart view, and histological review of tissue specimens. DNA-mutation analysis was done in all available descendants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical features in this family included gastrointestinal polyposis, mucocutaneous pigmentation, nasal polyposis, and rectal extrusion of polyps. Survival of affected family members was reduced by intestinal obstruction and by the development of malignant disease. A novel germline mutation in the LKB1 gene was found to cosegregate with the disease phenotype in the original family. The mutant LKB1 allele carried a T insertion at codon 66 in exon 1 resulting in frameshift and stop at codon 162 in exon 4.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The morbidity and mortality in this family suggest that PJS is not a benign disease. An inactivating germline mutation in the LKB1 gene is involved in the PJS phenotype in the original and oldest kindred known to be affected by PJS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Westerman
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Entius
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de Baar
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Boor
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Koole
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: van Velthuysen
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Offerhaus
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lindhout
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: de Rooij
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018095:Germ-Line Mutation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands; D010375:Pedigree; D010580:Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D010641:Phenotype