title: NK-2 is the predominant tachykinin receptor subtype in the swine ureter.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine which of the known tachykinin receptor subtypes is predominant in the swine ureter.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ureters from adult pigs were harvested, cut into longitudinal strips and placed in 10 mL tissue baths containing Krebs buffer, under 4 g of initial tension. The magnitude and frequency of contractions were recorded. Tissues were incubated with 1 micromol/L solutions of peptidase inhibitors (phosphoramidon and captopril) for 1 h to inhibit degradation of peptides and treated with either CP 96,345 (NK-1 receptor antagonist), SR 48,968 (NK-2 receptor antagonist) or saline (control). Concentration-response curves to the tachykinins substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA) and neurokinin B (NKB) were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ureteric segments showed a concentration-dependent response to all tachykinins; NKA stimulated increased contractions at a lower concentration than either SP or NKB (P<0.05). This was reflected by the difference in the effective concentration required to obtain half the maximal response (EC50 ) for each of the peptides. The mean (sd) EC50 values were (micromol/L): NKA, 0.2 (0.02); SP, 3.5 (0.7); and NKB, 4.5 (1.7). In addition, the selective NK-2 antagonist (SR 48,968) significantly reduced contractile responses to all peptides, as indicated by a 10-fold rightward shift of the concentration-response curves (P<0. 05), whereas the NK-1 antagonist (CP 96,345) had no significant effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that NK-2 is the predominant tachykinin receptor subtype responsible for contraction of ureteric smooth muscle. The use of mediators which act on NK-2 receptors may have clinical applications for the treatment of ureteric disease.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin Medical School, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Jerde
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saban
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Bjorling
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Nakada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001549:Benzamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015288:Neurokinin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D015287:Neurokinin B / Q000494:pharmacology; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D018041:Receptors, Neurokinin-2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine; D014513:Ureter / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001549:Benzamides; D010880:Piperidines; D018041:Receptors, Neurokinin-2; C073839:SR 48968; D015288:Neurokinin A; D015287:Neurokinin B