title: Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography method for direct determination of glucuronides of entacapone and its (Z)-isomer in human urine.
abstract: This paper describes the validation of a micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography method for the direct determination of the 3-O-glucuronides of entacapone and its (Z)-isomer, the main urinary metabolites of entacapone in humans. Entacapone is a novel drug which, as a potent inhibitor of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), is used as an adjunct in the standard therapy of Parkinson's disease. The 3-O-glucuronide of another COMT inhibitor, nitecapone, was used as internal standard (I.S.). The validation experiments were performed by using spiked urine samples that were extracted with Sep-Pak C18 cartridges before analysis. Determinations were carried out in a buffer of pH 7.0 containing 25 mM of phosphate, 50 mM of borate and 20 mM of sodium dodecyl sulfate, and by applying 15 kV over a 67 cm (60 cm to the detector) x 75 microns fused-silica capillary. UV detection was at 335 nm. The validity of the method was assessed by investigating the identity of the analytes, selectivity, limit of quantitation, linearity, within-day precision, extraction recovery, between-day precision and accuracy, electroosmotic flow stability and analyte stability. The method proved to be reproducible, sufficiently selective and accurate. Extraction recoveries of the analytes were > 94%. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 2 micrograms/ml and the assay was linear in the range 2-150 micrograms/ml with correlation coefficients better than 0.999 for both glucuronides. The repeatability of the method, expressed as the ratio of corrected peak area of the analytes to that of I.S., gave RSD values of < 5% even at the LOQ. Between-day precision (RSD) was < 7.5% for both glucuronides at 7.5 micrograms/ml. Determination of the glucuronide concentrations in urine samples of 34 patients treated with entacapone either orally (200 mg) or intravenously (25 mg) showed the method to be suitable for monitoring the concentrations of the glucuronide of entacapone after both oral and intravenous administration and those of the glucuronide of its (Z)-isomer after oral administration. The limited long term stability of the system requires, however, frequent recalibration in applications involving long sample series.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland. paivi.k.lehtonen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lehtonen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lehtinen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mälkki-Laine
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wikberg
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D002396:Catechols / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000652:urine*; D020374:Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000652:urine*; D005965:Glucuronates / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D009570:Nitriles; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011786:Quality Control; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D002396:Catechols; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005965:Glucuronates; D009570:Nitriles; C071192:entacapone