title: In vitro efficacy of N-duopropenide, a recently developed disinfectant containing quaternary ammonium compounds, against selected gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the efficacy of N-duopropenide against various gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  One field strain each of Pasteurella multocida subsp multocida, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and L ivanovii, and 2 field strains of Escherichia coli.
  
  
  METHODS
  Strains were tested with and without serum as organic matter, using quantitative suspension and carrier tests. Six concentrations of active ingredient (0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.11, 0.27, and 0.55%) and 6 contact times (15 and 30 seconds and 1, 3, 5, and 10 minutes) were studied for each.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Globally, N-duopropenide was more effective in suspension tests than in carrier tests, and when organisms were suspended in saline solution rather than serum. Under the most disadvantageous conditions (carrier test with serum), a concentration of 0.55% N-duopropenide acting for only 15 seconds was effective in inactivating P multocida subsp multocida and was even more effective against the 2 Listeria species tested. For E coli strains, the same concentration also was effective, but after 10 minutes of contact. On the other hand, N-duopropenide was unable to inactivate the S aureus strain in the carrier test with serum, a concentration of 0.55% for 10 minutes was necessary to inactivate it without organic matter; however, N-duopropenide was highly effective against this organism in the suspension test, even with serum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  N-duopropenide was highly effective in vitro against 5 of the most commonly encountered organisms in clinical veterinary medicine and, consequently, might be a good choice in control measures against common pathogenic organisms in modern production systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Health, Microbiology and Immunology Section, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of León, Spain.
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Barbosa
authors.forename: R I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Tascón
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: de la Puente
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Ferri
mesh_terms: D000447:Aldehydes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D008087:Listeria / Q000187:drug effects; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000187:drug effects; D008413:Mastitis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D016979:Pasteurella multocida / Q000187:drug effects; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D004202:Disinfectants; C115908:N-duopropenide; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds