title: Radical modulation activity of pine cone extracts of Pinus elliottii var. Elliottii.
abstract: The radical modulation activity of lignins prepared from the cone of Pinus elliottii var. Elliottii was investigated, using ESR spectroscopy. These lignins produced radical(s) under alkaline conditions, and the radical intensity was increased with increasing pH. Lower concentrations of lignins slightly reduced the radical intensity of sodium ascorbate, whereas higher concentrations of lignins enhanced both the radical intensity and cytotoxic activity of sodium ascorbate. Lignins effectively scavenged superoxide anion, produced by hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase reaction. Elliottii lignins significantly inhibited the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-induced cytopathic effect, in similar fashions to other natural, commercial and synthetic lignins. Pretreatment of mice with lignins significantly protected them from the lethal infection with E. coli. Crude alkaline extracts of Elliottii pine cone displayed similar magnitude of activity with lignins. These data further supports the medicinal efficacy of plant extracts.
authors.affiliation: Analysis Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kihara
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ida
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakagami
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Koyama
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Premanathan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arakaki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Komatsu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujimaki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Misawa
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hata
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D005609:Free Radicals; D006801:Humans; D008031:Lignin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D005609:Free Radicals; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013481:Superoxides; D008031:Lignin; D001205:Ascorbic Acid