title: Trihalomethanes in public water supplies and adverse birth outcomes.
abstract: We conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate the relation between the level of total trihalomethanes in drinking water and adverse birth outcomes. The study population comprised women residing in an area with municipal surface water who had a singleton birth in Nova Scotia between January 1, 1988, and December 31, 1995, or a pregnancy termination for a major fetal anomaly. We found little association between trihalomethane level and the outcomes related to fetal weight or gestational age, but we found an elevated relative risk for stillbirths for average trihalomethane levels during pregnancy of 100 microg/liter or greater (adjusted relative risk = 1.66; 95% confidence interval = 1.09-2.52) relative to women exposed to trihalomethane levels of 0-49 microg/liter. We saw little evidence of an elevated prevalence or dose-response pattern for congenital anomalies, with the possible exception of chromosomal abnormalities (adjusted prevalence ratio = 1.38 and 95% confidence interval = 0.73-2.59 for women exposed to trihalomethane levels of 100 microg/liter or greater).
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Care Program of Nova Scotia, Halifax, Canada.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dodds
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Woolcott
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pole
mesh_terms: D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight; D005617:Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D025063:Chromosome Disorders; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009674:Nova Scotia / Q000453:epidemiology; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014877:Water Pollution, Chemical / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D005617:Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane