title: Comparison of tilmicosin and cephapirin as therapeutics for Staphylococcus aureus mastitis at dry-off.
abstract: Forty-four cows (26 Jerseys and 18 Holsteins) that had at least 1 mammary quarter that was naturally (n = 12) or experimentally (n = 84) infected with Staphylococcus aureus were allotted to three treatment groups of approximately equal number at the end of lactation. Cows were dried off by abrupt cessation of milking, and dry cow therapy was administered as an intramammary infusion of cephapirin benzathine at 10 ml per quarter, an intramammary infusion of tilmicosin (solution containing 300 mg/ml) at 5 ml per quarter, or a subcutaneous injection of tilmicosin at 5 mg/kg of body weight on the day of drying off and another injection 4 d later. Mammary secretions were monitored during the dry period and postpartum for antimicrobial residues, intramammary infection (IMI) status, and somatic cell counts. Results demonstrated the following percentage cures for IMI caused by Staph. aureus at 28 d postcalving based on individual mammary quarters: cephapirin benzathine, 78.1%; tilmicosin infused, 74.2%; and tilmicosin injected, 9.1%. During the first 4 wk after drying off, the mean concentration of tilmicosin in mammary secretions from cows infused with the antibiotic remained approximately 10-fold higher than that in secretions from cows injected with the antibiotic (3.43 vs. 0.32 ppm), and, by the time of calving, concentrations for cows treated with both methods were below the dilution limit of the assay (< 0.1 ppm). Results demonstrated that intramammary infusion of tilmicosin was equally as effective as cephapirin benzathine in curing IMI caused by Staph. aureus at drying off; however, the subcutaneous injection of tilmicosin at the dose used was not effective as a dry cow therapeutic against Staph. aureus.
authors.affiliation: Hill Farm Research Station, Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Homer 71040, USA.
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Nickerson
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Owens
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Scheifinger
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Shryock
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Spike
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002417:Cattle; D002452:Cell Count; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002514:Cephapirin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007774:Lactation; D018942:Macrolides; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D008414:Mastitis, Bovine / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D015645:Tylosin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002511:Cephalosporins; D018942:Macrolides; D002514:Cephapirin; C052319:tilmicosin; D015645:Tylosin