title: Drug choices for intravenous and spinal analgesia.
abstract: Opioids remain at the center of most postoperative pain control therapies. The choice between full agonist opioids should be determined by the time for a given dose to produce its maximum effect (i.e., latency to peak effect), and the duration of action. There is little to choose between different opioids administered by patient-controlled analgesia. Parenterally-administered NSAIDs (e.g., ketorolac) contribute significantly to analgesia and reduce opioid requirements. Morphine may be the opioid of choice for epidural administration. The combination of epidural opioids and local anesthetics provides synergistic analgesia and appears to provide superior analgesia with activity. Several nonopioid receptor agonists are under investigation as neuraxial analgesics.
authors.affiliation: Pain Service and Department of Anesthesiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash. 98195, USA. dermot@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Fitzgibbon
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Ready
mesh_terms: D015360:Analgesia, Epidural; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal