title: Bulbar myoclonus without palatal myoclonus. A hypothesis on pathophysiology.
abstract: A 40-year-old woman with myoclonic contractions bilaterally in the infrahyoid neck muscles, especially in the left cricothyroid muscle, was presented and successfully treated with botulinum toxin injections. The patient had a wide, aberrant vessel curving into the left dorsolateral reticular formation of the medulla oblongata. Based on our observations, we propose that symptomatic bulbar and palatal myoclonus is caused by pathology in the dorsolateral reticular formation, and not by inferior olivary dysfunction as is currently thought.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Ullevål Hospital, N-0407 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dietrichs
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Heier
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Faye-Lund
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Nakstad
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001488:Basilar Artery / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000473:pathology; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008526:Medulla Oblongata / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009207:Myoclonus / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009334:Neck Muscles / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology; D012154:Reticular Formation / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology