title: The spine in swimming.
abstract: Competitive swimming has a low incidence of back pain and spine injury. Catastrophic cervical injury can occur from diving into a shallow pool; and injuries frequently result from diving from any height. Functional lower and middle back pain usually are due to musculoskeletal causes and are treated conservatively. In a sport that rewards flexibility, it is vital that coaches, trainers, and treating physicians stay current with the physical effects resulting from evolving competitive techniques and rules.
authors.affiliation: Bone and Joint Clinic, Franklin, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Ferrell
mesh_terms: D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D013124:Spinal Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D013131:Spine / Q000502:physiology*; D015996:Survival Rate; D013550:Swimming / Q000293:injuries / Q000502:physiology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology