title: Severe rhabdomyolysis as a complication of high-dose chemotherapy in a patient with advanced testicular cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A 38-year-old man was diagnosed with choriocarcinoma in the left testis, a 9 cm retroperitoneal tumor, left hydronephrosis, multiple lung metastasis and gynecomastia. His serum hCG level decreased but was still above the normal range after four courses of standard chemotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  High-dose chemotherapy was then given with ICE (ifosfamide, carboplatin, etoposide) from days -7 to-3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On day -2 the patient became confused and hallucinated, so the sedatives haloperidol and flunitrazepam were administrated. His creatinine phosphokinase levels increased to 6150 IU/L (reference range <197 IU/L) on day 0. Myoglobinuria and myoglobinemia were noted and the renal dysfunction progressed. A peripheral blood stem cell transplantation was performed after hemodialysis on day 0. Although his bone marrow recovered, the patient died of respiratory failure on day 18. An autopsy revealed massive pulmonary bleeding. Pretreatment renal dysfunction, renal damage by high-dose chemotherapy, ifosfamide-induced hallucinations and the administration of sedatives, such as haloperidol and flunitrazepam, may have been causative factors for the rhabdomyolysis observed in this patient.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan. hoshi@uro.med.tohoku.ac.jp
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hoshi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Orikasa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002822:Choriocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000556:secondary; D008297:Male; D012186:Retroperitoneal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000556:secondary; D012206:Rhabdomyolysis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology