title: Indocyanine green versus fluorescein angiography in the differential diagnosis of arteritic and nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated in a prospective study the usefulness of indocyanine green (ICG) versus fluorescein angiography in the differential diagnosis between arteritic and nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION).
  
  
  METHODS
  Simultaneous ICG and fluorescein angiography was performed on 22 eyes with AION. Appearance of both dyes in the choroid and in the retina, laminar flow, venous filling, and complete filling of the choroid were measured independently. Massive delayed choroidal filling corresponding to occluded posterior ciliary arteries was especially assessed, as it is almost always diagnostic of arteritic AION. We considered the choroidal filling as massive delayed if it was still incomplete after the venous filling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We diagnosed 5 arteritic AIONs, confirmed by biopsy, and 17 nonarteritic AIONs. In both types of angiography, 3 of 5 patients with arteritic AION showed massive delayed complete choroidal filling times (44.2, 45.8, and 70 seconds), and patients with nonarteritic AION had normal complete choroidal filling times. Dye appearance at the different angiographic times was similar for fluorescein and ICG angiography (P = 0.95-0.96).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fluorescein angiography alone is sufficient to reveal massive delayed choroidal filling time in arteritic AION. For our purpose, ICG angiography provides no additional information.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Switzerland.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Valmaggia
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Speiser
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bischoff
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Niederberger
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D002829:Choroid / Q000098:blood supply; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D019793:Fluorescein / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D013700:Giant Cell Arteritis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D018917:Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000473:pathology; D013699:Temporal Arteries / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D019793:Fluorescein