title: Orthodontic application of color image addition to visualize differences between sequential radiographs.
abstract: A new technique was developed making it possible to visualize changes that take place after premolar transplantation. Three sequential radiographs from a series of standardized control examinations were digitized and registered to the first radiograph in the series using subtraction technique. The digitized radiographs were then transformed into monochromatic images: red, blue, and green. After correction of gray level and contrast, the three radiographs were superimposed. All details that were common in the radiographs were then displayed in black-and-white. Details that were different appeared in color. Red and blue combines into magenta, blue and green into cyan, and green and red into yellow. A procedure was developed to create color-coded radiographs according to the above. The procedure was applied to cases that had been treated by premolar transplantation. The color coding offers the possibility to identify any radiographic changes that take place over time, eg, growth, apposition or resorption of bone, and progression or regression of pathological processes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Papika
authors.forename: H U
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Paulsen
authors.forename: X Q
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Welander
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Linder-Aronson
mesh_terms: D001641:Bicuspid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000254:growth & development / Q000637:transplantation; D003116:Color; D006801:Humans; D008334:Mandible; D009970:Orthodontics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D019252:Radiography, Dental, Digital / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012984:Software; D013382:Subtraction Technique / Q000295:instrumentation; D014086:Tooth Mobility / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging