title: VLDL activation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression: involvement of the VLDL receptor.
abstract: The potential role of the very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) receptor in mediating VLDL-induced plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression was studied in vitro. Cultured endothelial cells incubated with VLDL showed an increased secretion of PAI-1. This response to VLDL could be completely prevented by the receptor-associated protein (RAP) and partially blocked by rabbit polyclonal anti-VLDL receptor IgG. Furthermore, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) control cells and cells overexpressing the VLDL receptor were transiently transfected with a PAI-1 promoter-reporter construct and incubated with VLDL. The PAI-1 promoter activity in response to VLDL was significantly higher in the VLDL receptor overexpressing cells compared to the control cells. Addition of RAP completely blocked the VLDL-activated PAI-1 transcription. Electromobility shift assay was performed to investigate whether the enhanced PAI-1 promoter activity seen in the VLDL receptor overexpressing cells in response to VLDL involved induction of the previously described VLDL-inducible factor(s) binding to the -675 to -653 region of the PAI-1 promoter. We found that the binding of the VLDL-inducible factor in VLDL receptor overexpressing cells was markedly enhanced by addition of VLDL as compared to control cells where no increased binding could be seen in response to VLDL. In summary, these results indicate that the VLDL receptor is a strong candidate for mediating VLDL effects on PAI-1 synthesis and secretion in cells expressing this receptor.
authors.affiliation: Atherosclerosis Research Unit, King Gustaf V Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska Hospital, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gåfvels
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Musakka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ensler
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Strickland
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Angelin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hamsten
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Eriksson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001665:Binding Sites; D016466:CHO Cells; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006224:Cricetinae; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011817:Rabbits; D011973:Receptors, LDL / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D011973:Receptors, LDL; C036053:VLDL receptor