title: Paroxetine and amitriptyline augmentation of lithium in the treatment of major depression: a double-blind study.
abstract: To study the efficacy and safety of antidepressant augmentation of ongoing lithium therapy, lithium-maintained patients suffering from an breakthrough episode of major depression were randomly assigned under double-blind conditions to receive paroxetine 20 mg/day (N = 19) or amitriptyline 75 mg/day (N = 23). The initial dosages could be increased after 2 weeks to 40 mg/day and 150 mg/day, respectively, and the patients were treated for a total of 6 weeks. Efficacy was assessed weekly with the 21-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) and the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI), and safety was assessed with the Dosage Record and Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale. After 4 weeks, a significantly greater proportion of patients in the paroxetine group had achieved a 50% reduction in baseline HAM-D scores, and the mean improvement in CGI severity of illness was significantly greater in the paroxetine group at weeks 3 and 5. The type and number of emergent events occurring during study treatment corresponded to the known side effect profiles of paroxetine and amitriptyline. Serum lithium levels were not affected by either antidepressant. The authors proposed that the more rapid improvement demonstrated by the group receiving the combination of lithium and paroxetine may be due to the synergistic serotonergic effects of these two medications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Berlin Lithium Clinic, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zaninelli
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Müller-Oerlinghausen
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Meister
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000639:Amitriptyline / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008094:Lithium / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017374:Paroxetine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000639:Amitriptyline; D017374:Paroxetine; D008094:Lithium