title: Shoulder injuries in competitive swimmers.
abstract: Sports medicine literature often refers to "swimmer's shoulder." Increasingly, however, it is evident that swimmer's shoulder is a spectrum of maladies whose underlying origins may be incidental to athletic activity. Those dealing with the treatment of swimmers should have a thorough understanding of the differential diagnosis of the shoulder, the age range of competitive swimmers, and the effects of the aging process, and age-related disease processes and should consider the possibilities of neoplasm, degenerative diseases, and acquired processes such as arthritis or metabolic diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine College of Medicine, USA. wcmmd@aol.com
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: McMaster
mesh_terms: D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D003163:Competitive Behavior; D006801:Humans; D000070599:Shoulder Injuries; D013178:Sports Medicine / Q000379:methods; D013550:Swimming / Q000293:injuries*