title: The effect of formulation excipients on protein stability and aerosol performance of spray-dried powders of a recombinant humanized anti-IgE monoclonal antibody.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of trehalose, lactose, and mannitol on the biochemical stability and aerosol performance of spray-dried powders of an anti-IgE humanized monoclonal antibody.
  
  
  METHODS
  Protein aggregation of spray-dried powders stored at various temperature and relative humidity conditions was assayed by size exclusion chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Protein glycation was determined by isoelectric focusing and affinity chromatography. Crystallization was examined by X-ray powder diffraction. Aerosol performance was assessed as the fine particle fraction (FPF) of the powders blended with coarse carrier lactose, and was determined using a multiple stage liquid impinger.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Soluble protein aggregation consisting of non-covalent and disulfide-linked covalent dimers and trimers occurred during storage. Aggregate was minimized by formulation with trehalose at or above a molar ratio in the range of 300: 1 to 500:1 (excipient:protein). However, the powders were excessively cohesive and unsuitable for aerosol administration. Lactose had a similar stabilizing effect, and the powders exhibited acceptable aerosol performance, but protein glycation was observed during storage. The addition of mannitol also reduced aggregation, while maintaining the FPF, but only up to a molar ratio of 200:1. Further increased mannitol resulted in crystallization, which had a detrimental effect on protein stability and aerosol performance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Protein stability was improved by formulation with carbohydrate. However, a balance must be achieved between the addition of enough stabilizer to improve protein biochemical stability without compromising blended powder aerosol performance.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA. andya.jim@gene.com
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Andya
authors.forename: Y F
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Maa
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Costantino
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dasovich
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Sweeney
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Shire
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols / Q000737:chemistry*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000737:chemistry*; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000737:chemistry; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004355:Drug Stability; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D007700:Kinetics; D007785:Lactose / Q000737:chemistry; D010316:Particle Size; D011208:Powders / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D002241:Carbohydrates; D005079:Excipients; D011208:Powders; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D007785:Lactose