title: Human erythrocyte glycosphingolipids as alternative cofactors for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) entry: evidence for CD4-induced interactions between HIV-1 gp120 and reconstituted membrane microdomains of glycosphingolipids (Gb3 and GM3).
abstract: Glycosphingolipids from human erythrocytes mediate CD4-dependent fusion with cells expressing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoproteins. To identify the glycosphingolipid(s) which participates in the fusion process, we have analyzed the interaction of HIV-1 gp120 (X4 and R5X4 isolates) with reconstituted membrane microdomains of human erythrocyte glycosphingolipids. We identified globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) and ganglioside GM3 as the main glycosphingolipids recognized by gp120. In the presence of CD4, Gb3 interacted preferentially with the X4 gp120, whereas GM3 interacted exclusively with the R5X4 gp120. These data suggest that glycosphingolipid microdomains are required in CD4-dependent fusion and that Gb3 and/or GM3 may function as alternative entry cofactors for selected HIV-1 isolates.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie de la Nutrition, ESA-CNRS 6033, Faculté des Sciences de St Jérôme, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hammache
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yahi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maresca
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Piéroni
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fantini
mesh_terms: D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000502:physiology*; D004910:Erythrocyte Membrane / Q000737:chemistry*; D005679:G(M3) Ganglioside / Q000502:physiology*; D006028:Glycosphingolipids / Q000502:physiology*; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000502:physiology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008561:Membrane Fusion
chemical_list: D015704:CD4 Antigens; D005679:G(M3) Ganglioside; D006028:Glycosphingolipids; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; C088880:ceramide trihexoside