title: Estimation of the annual solar UVR exposure dose of infants and small children in tropical Queensland, Australia.
abstract: The solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure of infants and small children was measured for 1 week using UVR-sensitive polysulfone film attached to the shoulder and chest of the subjects. For the infant study, shoulder and chest badges received similar exposures, while the 2 1/2-year-olds received higher exposures on the shoulder than on the chest. Also, the 2 1/2-year-olds generally received higher exposures than the infants. The median total daily exposures for both groups were 39 and 92 J/m2. The maximum total daily exposures measured were 640 J/m2 (chest) and 240 J/m2 (shoulder) for the infants and 2060 J/m2 (shoulder) and 840 J/m2 (chest) for the 2 1/2 year-olds. Using this exposure data, monthly and annual exposure doses were calculated for both groups and compared to similar data from the UK. The annual exposure dose for infants is 8.4 kJ/m2 or 84 standard erythemal dose (SED) for both shoulder and chest. The annual exposure dose for 2 1/2 year-old children is 39.4 kJ/m2 or 394 SED for the shoulder and 28.8 kJ/m2 or 288 SED for the chest. Apart from the generally higher annual exposure doses experienced by the infants and 2 1/2 year-old children in Townsville, the main difference to the UK is the almost nonexistent drop in monthly exposure doses between summer and winter in Townsville compared to the UK. In the UK, the winter-month exposure dose is only 0.5% of the summer-month dose. However, in Townsville it is around 40%.
authors.affiliation: School of Mathematics, Computer Science and Physics, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia. aurel.moise@jcu.edu.au
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Moise
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Gies
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Harrison
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000209:etiology; D018462:Photobiology; D011793:Queensland; D012307:Risk Factors; D012867:Skin / Q000528:radiation effects; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects