title: Obtaining an accepted Investigational New Drug application to operate an umbilical cord blood bank.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The residual blood left in the placenta, previously considered a biologic waste, contains sufficient hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells to consistently engraft at least a small recipient. Over the past several years, more than 500 HLA-matched, related and unrelated, allogeneic cord blood transplants have been performed. Consequently, public and private cord blood banks are being developed to meet future demands. Thus, the definition of a suitable and effective cord blood component needs to be critically defined. In February 1997, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) proposed that cord blood banks should operate under an Investigational New Drug (IND) license.
  
  
  METHODS
  Standard operating procedures were designed using standards from the Foundation for Accreditation of Hematopoietic and Cellular Therapy, the American Association of Blood Banks, and the National Marrow Donor Program and in accordance with current good manufacturing practices. The standard operating procedures were field-tested and submitted to the FDA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Issues of the utmost concern to the FDA dealt with transplant recipient outcome data collection, donor recruitment, sample tracking, the use of unlicensed materials, and the reporting of positive infectious disease results. After three attempts, an IND application was approved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To obtain approval of an IND application, cord blood banks need a set of standard operating procedures that describe cord blood collection, processing, freezing, and storage. Issues relating to potential cord blood recipient identification, cord blood shipping, and reporting of transplant recipient outcomes are also needed. The IND process provides an opportunity for outside reviewers to make suggestions that may be included in the standard operating procedures.
authors.affiliation: Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Blood Systems Foundation, Tempe, Arizona 85282, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Reems
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tyler
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moldwin
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D001771:Blood Banks; D001782:Blood Donors; D001800:Blood Specimen Collection; D005312:Fetal Blood; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D017387:Investigational New Drug Application