title: MRI compatibility and visibility assessment of implantable medical devices.
abstract: We have developed a protocol to evaluate the magnetic resonance (MR) compatibility of implantable medical devices. The testing protocol consists of the evaluation of magnetic field-induced movement, electric current, heating, image distortion, and device operation. In addition, current induction is evaluated with a finite element analysis simulation technique that models the effect of radiofrequency fields on each device. The protocol has been applied to several implantable infusion pumps and neurostimulators with associated attachments. Experiments were performed using a 1.5-T whole-body MR system with parameters selected to approximate the intended clinical and worst case configuration. The devices exhibited moderate magnetic field-induced deflection and torque but had significant image artifacts. No heating was detected for any of the devices. Pump operation was halted in the magnetic field, but resumed after removed. Exposure to the magnetic field activated some of the neurostimulators.
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Schueler
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Parrish
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Hammer
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Pangrle
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Ritenour
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kucharczyk
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Truwit
mesh_terms: D016477:Artifacts; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000009:adverse effects; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005548:Foreign-Body Migration / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008280:Magnetics; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013814:Thermal Conductivity
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials