title: Effectiveness of a sanguinarine regimen after scaling and root planing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A variety of chemical agents have been evaluated relative to their abilities to inhibit dental plaque and to improve gingival health. Chlorhexidine gluconate is the best known and most widely used member of these agents, but its long-term use is compromised by different side effects, especially extrinsic tooth and tongue staining. Another agent, sanguinarine, which is currently used in both a mouthrinse and toothpaste, leads in some cases only to a transient burning sensation and could be used on a long-term basis. The purpose of this 14-week controlled clinical trial was to assess the effectiveness of a toothpaste and oral rinse containing sanguinaria extract after scaling, root planing and a chlorhexidine regimen.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty patients diagnosed as having adult periodontitis received initial periodontal therapy including scaling and root planing, followed by a 2-week oral care regimen which included rinsing with 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate oral rinse. Upon completion of this 2-week initial therapy phase, patients were randomly assigned to either sanguinarine toothpaste and oral rinse or to control toothpaste and oral rinse without sanguinarine. Plaque (modified Quigley-Hein index) and gingivitis (gingival index) were measured prior to periodontal therapy, at the end of the chlorhexidine phase (2 weeks), and after 8 and 14 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sanguinarine-containing toothpaste and oral rinse significantly inhibited the redevelopment of gingivitis through the 12 weeks following the chlorhexidine phase compared to the control toothpaste and rinse. Patients in the test group had 26% fewer bleeding sites at 8 weeks, and 32% fewer at 14 weeks, than the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results support the combined use of chlorhexidine mouthrinse for a short term (2 weeks) followed by sanguinaria mouthrinse and toothpaste up to 3 months in order to optimize the effectiveness of chlorhexidine without side effects. Further studies on the long-term effect of this combination should be established.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Dental Faculty, University Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tenenbaum
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dahan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000470:Alkaloids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D053119:Benzophenanthridines; D018890:Chemoprevention; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000517:prevention & control; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D012534:Dental Scaling; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000517:prevention & control; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007546:Isoquinolines; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy; D010617:Phenanthridines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016745:Root Planing; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D053119:Benzophenanthridines; D007546:Isoquinolines; D009067:Mouthwashes; D010617:Phenanthridines; D014100:Toothpastes; C005705:sanguinarine; C010882:chlorhexidine gluconate; D002710:Chlorhexidine