title: Systemic coagulation activation and anastomotic leakage after colorectal cancer surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to study whether patients developing anastomotic leakage after colorectal resections for colorectal cancer have laboratory signs of an altered hemostatic balance in the systemic circulation, preoperatively and postoperatively, causing an impaired healing process.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients operated on for colorectal cancer were studied. Seventeen consecutive patients with anastomotic leakage and 17 patients without anastomotic leakage were matched according to age, gender, tumor stage, and localization of tumor. Hemostatic balance was estimated preoperatively and at one, two, and seven days and at three months after surgery by plasma levels of sensitive markers of coagulation activation and fibrinolysis, i.e., prothrombin fragment 1 + 2, thrombin-antithrombin complexes, soluble fibrin, tissue-type plasminogen activator activity, and plasminogen activator inhibitor Type 1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preoperatively, the hemostatic balance was comparable in patients with and without anastomotic leakage. In the early postoperative period, patients developing anastomotic leakage exhibited signs of systemic coagulation activation, i.e., elevated plasma levels of prothrombin fragment 1 + 2, thrombin-antithrombin complexes, soluble fibrin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor Type 1. The observed coagulation activation appeared before the anastomotic leakage became clinically evident. More patients with anastomotic leakage received perioperative blood transfusions than patients without leakage, despite the fact that duration of surgery and intraoperative blood loss were comparable in the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Enhanced coagulation activity was observed postoperatively in patients developing anastomotic leakage after colorectal resections for colorectal cancer. Such a hypercoagulable state may contribute to the development of anastomotic leakage by facilitating formation of microthromboses in the perianastomotic area.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Gastroenterology A, Aalborg Hospital, Denmark.
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Iversen
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Thomsen
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Thorlacius-Ussing
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D001777:Blood Coagulation; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005337:Fibrin / Q000032:analysis; D005342:Fibrinolysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000032:analysis; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011516:Prothrombin / Q000032:analysis; D012737:Sex Factors; D013529:Surgical Wound Dehiscence / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D013917:Thrombin / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D011516:Prothrombin; D005337:Fibrin; D013917:Thrombin