title: Risk factors for development of proteinuria in chronic spinal cord injury.
abstract: A retrospective, case-control study was performed to investigate the risk factors that may contribute to the development of proteinuria in patients with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). During an 18-month period, 31 subjects with a 24-hour protein excretion of 1.0 g or greater were identified. Three control subjects with SCIs with a 24-hour urinary protein excretion of less than 1.0 g during the same time period were randomly selected for each study subject with proteinuria. Clinical data, including level and duration of injury, age, presence of indwelling bladder catheter, number of decubitus ulcer procedures, serum albumin and creatinine concentrations, hematocrit, creatinine clearance, and the presence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, were obtained from medical records. Subjects with proteinuria had other evidence of renal dysfunction with greater serum creatinine concentrations and reduced creatinine clearances, serum albumin concentrations, and hematocrits. Proteinuric subjects were older, had a longer duration of injury, had undergone a greater number of decubitus ulcer procedures, and were more likely to have hypertension and indwelling bladder catheters. The independent predictors for the development of proteinuria using logistic stepwise multiple linear regression analysis were the use of chronic indwelling bladder catheters, number of decubitis ulcer procedures, presence of hypertension, and older age. These data suggest that inflammatory complications associated with complications of chronic SCI, rather than SCI per se, contribute to the development of proteinuria. SCI patients with proteinuria have more impaired renal function and increased mortality compared with SCI patients without proteinuria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, TN, USA. wall.barry_m+@memphis.va.gov
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Wall
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Huch
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Mangold
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Steere
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Cooke
mesh_terms: D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000009:adverse effects; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003710:Demography; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000209:etiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D003668:Pressure Ulcer / Q000150:complications; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000209:etiology*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications*