title: Impact of addictive and harmful substances on fetal brain development.
abstract: Animal models of alcohol, nicotine, and cocaine exposure have provided convincing evidence for prenatal effects on brain development caused by alterations in cell migration, signal transduction, and neurotransmitter function. The extrapolation to effects on the human nervous system is confounded by the multiplicity of factors affecting central nervous system development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco 94143-0114, USA. dmf@itsa.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Ferriero
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Dempsey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000009:adverse effects; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000009:adverse effects; D003042:Cocaine / Q000009:adverse effects; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development / Q000187:drug effects; D000431:Ethanol / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology; D013045:Species Specificity; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D000431:Ethanol; D003042:Cocaine