title: In-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation: prearrest morbidity and outcome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Considerations about the application of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) should include the expected probability of survival. The survival probability after CPR may be more accurately estimated by the occurrence in time of the prearrest morbidity of patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify risk factors for poor survival after CPR in relation to the dynamics of prearrest morbidity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of CPR patients were reviewed. Prearrest morbidity was established by categorizing the medical diagnoses according to 3 functional time frames: before hospital admission, on hospital admission, and during hospital admission. Indicators of poor survival after CPR were identified through a logistic regression model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Included in the study were 553 CPR patients with a median age of 68 years (age range, 18-98 years); 21.7% survived to hospital discharge. Independent indicators of poor outcome were an age of 70 years or older (odds ratio [OR]=0.6, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.4-0.9), stroke (OR=0.3, 95% CI=0.1-0.7) or renal failure (OR=0.3, 95% CI=0.1-0.8) before hospital admission, and congestive heart failure during hospital admission (OR=0.4, 95% CI=0.2-0.9). Indicators of good survival were angina pectoris before hospital admission (OR=2.1, 95% CI=1.3-.3.3) or ventricular dysrhythmia as the diagnosis on hospital admission (OR=11.0, 95% CI=4.1-33.7). Based on a logistic regression model, 17.4% of our CPR patients (n= 96) were identified as having a high risk for a poor outcome (< 10% survival).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Time of prearrest morbidity has a prognostic value for survival after CPR. Patients at risk for poor survival can be identified on or during hospital admission, but the reliability and validity of the model needs further research. Although decisions will not be made by the model, its information can be useful for physicians in discussions about patient prognoses and to make decisions about CPR with more confidence.
authors.affiliation: Resuscitation Committee, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. r.vos@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Vos
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Koster
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: De Haan
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oosting
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: van der Wouw
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lampe-Schoenmaeckers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome