title: Virilizing adrenocortical adenoma: in vitro steroidogenesis, immunohistochemical studies of steroidogenic enzymes, and gene expression of corticotropin receptor.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  No reports have yet precisely determined corticotropin (ACTH) responsiveness in virilizing adrenocortical adenoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five women with an androgen-secreting adrenal adenoma were reviewed. Three of them were examined by in vitro steroidogenesis. Two of these 3 patients were studied by immunohistochemistry of steroidogenic enzymes and for the gene expression of ACTH receptor by Northern blot analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In preoperative hormonal determinations plasma and urine androgens had increased. Dexamethasone did not suppress plasma and urinary androgens, nor did ACTH increase them. In vitro steroidogenesis revealed that the adenoma cells produced mainly dehydroepiandrosterone and a small amount of testosterone. ACTH did not increase the in vitro production of androgens. In immunohistochemical staining 5 enzymes involved in adrenal steroidogenesis were all expressed, especially 17 alpha-hydroxylase, which was strongly expressed in tumor cells. ACTH receptor messenger RNA was not detected in virilizing tumor tissues, whereas it was expressed in attached adrenal tissues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The lack of response to ACTH is the result of a deficiency of ACTH receptor expression in the virilizing tumor cells. Androgens were autonomously produced in adrenal adenoma cells without ACTH regulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery II, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tobinaga
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morita-Matsuyama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kikumori
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sasano
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Funahashi
mesh_terms: D006907:17-alpha-Hydroxypregnenolone / Q000032:analysis; D000293:Adolescent; D000306:Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery; D000315:Adrenalectomy; D018246:Adrenocortical Adenoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D003687:Dehydroepiandrosterone / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D018043:Receptors, Corticotropin / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D014770:Virilism / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018043:Receptors, Corticotropin; D006907:17-alpha-Hydroxypregnenolone; D003687:Dehydroepiandrosterone; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D006854:Hydrocortisone