title: A phase III randomized trial of dacarbazine and carboplatin with and without tamoxifen in the treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Metastatic melanoma is a disease associated with a poor prognosis, and dacarbazine is still the reference agent. The authors conducted a randomized trial to test the benefit of adding tamoxifen to dacarbazine and carboplatin chemotherapy for previously untreated patients with metastatic melanoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eligible patients with histologically confirmed, measurable metastatic melanoma were randomized to carboplatin 300 mg/m2 and dacarbazine 1 g/m2 administered intravenously on Day 1 with or without tamoxifen 20 mg/day administered orally throughout the treatment period (C + D +/- T). Chemotherapy was repeated in 28-day treatment cycles for a minimum of 2 cycles or until disease progression. The study was designed to be stopped after accrual of 28 patients per treatment arm based on 80% power to detect an improvement in response from 20% to 40% among patients treated with tamoxifen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 56 patients were randomized; all were evaluable for response and survival. The 2 treatment groups were well balanced for various prognostic factors; 75% of patients had predominant visceral disease. Complete and partial responses combined were 10.7% in the C + D arm and 14.3% in the C + D + T arm (P=1.0). Median survival was 7 months for C + D and 4.6 months for C + D + T (the difference was not significant). The median time to disease progression was worse for the patients treated with tamoxifen (P=0.03). Toxicity was similar in the two groups, with no episodes of deep venous thrombosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of tamoxifen did not improve the response rate, time to progression, or survival compared with chemotherapy with dacarbazine and carboplatin in unselected patients with metastatic melanoma.
authors.affiliation: The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Agarwala
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ferri
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gooding
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kirkwood
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003606:Dacarbazine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary; D008875:Middle Aged; D015996:Survival Rate; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D013629:Tamoxifen; D003606:Dacarbazine; D016190:Carboplatin