title: MR cholangiography in children and young adults with biliary disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to describe the MR cholangiography findings for young patients with suspected biliary disease who underwent half-Fourier acquisition fast spin-echo technique with respiratory triggering.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight MR cholangiography studies were performed in 22 patients on a 1.5-T MR unit. Ten of these 22 patients had undergone liver transplantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MR cholangiography revealed abnormalities of both the extrahepatic and the intrahepatic major and minor bile duct systems, despite the small diameter of the duct system in this group of patients. Four patterns of biliary disease were shown: global dilatation of extrahepatic or intrahepatic ducts (n = 7); segmental, uniform dilatation of central or peripheral intrahepatic ducts (n = 9); segmental, nonuniform dilatation of central or peripheral intrahepatic ducts (n = 2); and fusiform ectasia with segmental, irregular intrahepatic dilatation and bile lakes (n = 2). The findings of eight studies were interpreted as normal. The four patterns of abnormalities were correlated with the results from percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, T-tube cholangiography, and liver biopsy and with clinical and surgical information, as available.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MR cholangiography is a noninvasive technique for evaluation of biliary disease. The improved resolution afforded by respiratory triggering permits evaluation of both major and minor bile ducts, even in young, uncooperative subjects. Four patterns of abnormalities were prospectively identified, correlated with other information, and used to direct clinical treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
authors.forename: K I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Norton
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Glass
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kogan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Emre
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Shneider
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001659:Biliary Tract / Q000473:pathology; D001660:Biliary Tract Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007223:Infant; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male