title: No evidence of linkage or diabetes-associated mutations in the transcription factors BETA2/NEUROD1 and PAX4 in Type II diabetes in France.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The identification of mutations in hepatocyte nuclear factors-1alpha, -4alpha, -1beta and insulin promoter factor-1 in maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) has highlighted the role that transcription factors may have in the development of diabetes. This result has focused molecular genetic studies of diabetes on other transcription factors expressed in the pancreatic beta cell. The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor BETA2/NEUROD1 (gene symbol, NEUROD1) and the paired box homeodomain transcription factor PAX4 (PAX4) have an important role in islet and beta-cell development. We have examined the contribution of these transcription factors to the development of MODY and late-onset Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Linkage studies have been done in MODY families reported to have no mutations in the five known MODY genes and in affected sibling pairs from families with late-onset Type II diabetes. Mutation screening of the coding regions of both genes was also realised by SSCP followed by sequencing in MODY patients and in probands with late-onset Type II diabetes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no evidence of linkage with the markers for NEUROD1 and PAX4 either with MODY or late-onset Type II diabetes. Mutation screening showed single nucleotide polymorphisms, several of which resulted in amino acid substitutions: NEUROD1, Ala45Thr; PAX4, Pro321His and Pro334Ala. These amino acid sequence variants were not associated with Type II diabetes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that NEUROD1 and PAX4 are not a common cause of either MODY or late-onset Type II diabetes in the French Caucasian population.
authors.affiliation: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique EP-10, Institute Pasteur de Lille, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dupont
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vionnet
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chèvre
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gallina
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dina
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Seino
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Froguel
mesh_terms: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D018257:Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs / Q000235:genetics*; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008126:Lod Score; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors; D018807:Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; C093970:NEUROD1 protein, human; C491709:PAX4 protein, human