title: Fetal abnormalities: evaluation with real-time-processible three-dimensional US--preliminary report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the usefulness of real-time-processible three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography (US) in the evaluation of fetal abnormalities.
  
  
  METHODS
  The apparatus comprised a conventional US scanner with a specially designed unit for real-time-processible 3D US and a transabdominal 3D probe. A 3D US examination was performed in 19 women with abnormalities of the fetus (13-35 weeks gestation) that had been detected at two-dimensional (2D) US.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-six abnormalities were detected with conventional 2D US, real-time-processible 3D US, or both in 19 fetuses with abnormalities. Seventeen (47%) of the 36 abnormalities were demonstrated and confirmed clearly with real-time-processible 3D US, and nine of these had been seen with 2D US. Eighteen intrafetal abnormalities had been demonstrated clearly with 2D US, but 14 of these could not be demonstrated with real-time-processible 3D US.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Real-time-processible 3D US is useful for evaluating fetal abnormalities as a supplement to 2D US, particularly for abnormalities of the face, ears, fingers, and anatomic axis, but real-time-processible 3D US is unlikely to be helpful for detecting intrafetal abnormalities except for skeletal abnormalities and some pathologic changes with fluid accumulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Baba
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okai
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kozuma
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Taketani
mesh_terms: D003199:Computer Systems; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods*