title: Phase II dose escalation: a novel approach to balancing efficacy and toxicity of anticancer agents. Japanese Docetaxel Ovarian Cancer Study Group.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Small patient numbers in phase I trials may result in a safe but ineffective dose being recommended for phase II trials. A phase II dose escalation study may identify a dose that is both safe and effective. The Japanese phase I recommended dose of 60 mg/m2 of docetaxel (Taxotere) had been ineffective in phase II trials in ovarian carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients previously treated with one platinum-based regimen for ovarian cancer received docetaxel (Taxotere) every 3 weeks. The first dose tested was 70 mg/m2. If none of the first 5 evaluable patients responded, the dose was increased. If at least one patient responded, 10 more patients were enrolled. Also, if fewer than 3 of these first 15 evaluable patients responded, the dose was increased. If at least 3 patients responded, another 15 patients were scheduled to be enrolled to confirm efficacy. Unacceptable toxicity in 4 of 5, or 10 of 15 patients would stop escalation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dose escalation from 70 mg/m2 was not required because responses were noted with acceptable toxicity levels. Overall response in 25 evaluable patients treated at 70 mg/m2 was 24.0% (95% CI = 9.4-45.1%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Docetaxel 70 mg/m2 without premedication was identified as a safe and effective dose. Further testing of the phase II dose escalation design is worthwhile.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki City, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kohno
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ogita
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirabayashi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yakushiji
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tsunematsu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Terashima
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taguchi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohashi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Noda
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy; D018269:Carcinoma, Endometrioid / Q000188:drug therapy; D017322:Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D018284:Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous / Q000188:drug therapy; D000077143:Docetaxel; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007564:Japan; D008875:Middle Aged; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D012074:Remission Induction; D043823:Taxoids; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D043823:Taxoids; D000077143:Docetaxel; D017239:Paclitaxel