title: Graft function 5-7 years after renal transplantation in early childhood.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Low recipient age is still a risk factor for graft failure after kidney transplantation (Tx). Detailed prospective reports on long-term graft function in small children after renal Tx are still lacking.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-nine kidney allograft recipients who received transplants before the age of 5 years were followed prospectively. The most common disease was congenital nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type. Twenty patients were recipients of living related donors (LRD), and 29 were cadaveric kidney (CAD) recipients. All patients received triple immunosuppression. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), effective renal plasma flow (ERPF), sodium, urate, and potassium handling, and concentrating capacity were studied for up to 7 years after Tx.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patient survival 7 years after Tx was 100% for LRD and 96% for CAD recipients. Graft survival was 94% for LRD and 79% for CAD recipients (P=NS) and 89% and 83% for children >2 years and <2 years of age at Tx, respectively (P=NS). Five years after Tx, GFR was 70 vs. 64 and ERPF was 380 vs. 310 ml/min/1.73 m2 for LRD and CAD recipients, respectively (P=NS). Mean absolute GFR remained stable. GFR was lower in children who received transplants at <2 years than in children who received transplants at >2 years of age, 54 vs. 75 ml/min/1.73 m2 (P=0.02). Sodium handling remained intact, but hyperuricemia was seen in 43-67%; 17-33% showed abnormal handling of potassium; and most patients had a subnormal concentrating capacity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Excellent long-term graft survival and good graft function can be achieved with triple immunosuppression, even in young CAD kidney recipients.
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Pediatric Nephrology and Transplantation, University of Helsinki, Finland. erik.qvist@helsinki.fi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Qvist
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Laine
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rönnholm
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jalanko
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leijala
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Holmberg
mesh_terms: D002102:Cadaver; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000453:epidemiology; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000503:physiopathology; D019520:Living Donors; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies