title: Why do foot ulcers recur in diabetic patients?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate factors predisposing to recurrent foot ulceration in patients with diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two groups of patients who had attended a specialist Diabetes Foot Centre were assessed: relapsers (n = 26), whose foot ulceration had recurred at least twice, and nonrelapsers (n = 25), whose initial ulcer had not recurred for at least 2 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the relapser group 10/26 patients waited at least 24 h before reporting symptoms compared with only 2/25 in the nonrelapser group (P < 0.05). Vibration perception threshold (volts) was 38 +/- 12 (mean +/- SD) in relapsers compared with 25 +/- 13 in nonrelapsers (P < 0.005). Cold perception threshold (degrees C) was 9.1 +/- 4.6 in relapsers compared with 5.1 +/- 3.5 in nonrelapsers (P<0.005). HbA1c (%) was significantly raised at 8.5 +/- 1.7 in relapsers compared with 7.6 +/- 1.2 in nonrelapsers (P = 0.03). Alcohol intake was 0.5 (median, interquartile range 0-2) units per day in relapsers compared with 0.0 (median, interquartile range 0-0.25) units in nonrelapsers (P = 0.04). Smoking habits, housing conditions, visual acuity, threshold for warm perception and the Doppler pressure index were not significantly different in the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients who develop recurrent foot ulceration delay in reporting symptoms, when compared with diabetic patients whose foot ulceration does not recur. The relapsers also have evidence of poorer glycaemic control, more neuropathy and increased alcohol intake.
authors.affiliation: King's Diabetes Centre, King's College Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mantey
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Spencer
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Edmonds
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013223:Statistics as Topic