title: Blood lead concentration and children's anthropometric dimensions in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the association between lead exposure and children's physical growth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional analysis of data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 4391 non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Mexican-American children age 1 to 7 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We investigated the association between blood lead concentration and stature, head circumference, weight, and body mass index with multiple regression analysis adjusting for sex, ethnic group, iron status, dietary intake, medical history, sociodemographic factors, and household characteristics. Blood lead concentration was significantly negatively associated with stature and head circumference. Regression models predicted reductions of 1. 57 cm in stature and 0.52 cm in head circumference for each 0.48 micromol/L (10 micrograms/dL) increase in blood lead concentration. We did not find significant associations between blood lead concentration and weight or body mass index.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The significant negative associations between blood lead concentration and stature and head circumference among children age 1 through 7 years, similar in magnitude to those reported for the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1976-1980, suggest that although mean blood lead concentrations of children have been declining in the United States for 2 decades, lead exposure may continue to affect the growth of some children.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, and of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ballew
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaufmann
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mokdad
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Gunter
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000886:Anthropometry; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D006128:Growth; D006306:Health Surveys; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007854:Lead / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D007854:Lead