title: In vitro antifungal susceptibilities of Candida albicans and other fungal pathogens to polygodial, a sesquiterpene dialdehyde.
abstract: In vitro antifungal activities of polygodial were investigated against several fungal pathogens. Polygodial showed strong antifungal activity, comparable to amphotericin B, against yeast-like fungi Candida albicans, C. utilis, C. krusei, Cryptococcus neoformans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and also filamentous fungi including Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T. ruburum, and Penicillium marneffei. Other strains such as Aspergillus fumigatus, A. flavus, P. chrysogenum, C. lipolytica, and C. tropicalis showed moderate to low susceptibility to polygodial. The anti-fungal activity of polygodial was generally not reduced by several susceptibility-testing conditions such as medium, incubation temperature, inoculum size, and medium pH. However, polygodial's antifungal activity was strongly increased at acidic conditions. Unlike amphotericin B, polygodial did not show any hemolytic activity and also its antifungal activity was not diminished in the presence of ergosterol. Based on killing kinetics against growing and nongrowing C. albicans, polygodial showed strong and rapid fungicidal activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, USA.
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lunde
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kubo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012756:Sheep
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; C034380:polygodial