title: Long-term results and outcomes of crossover axilloaxillary bypass grafting: A 24-year experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The outcome of crossover axilloaxillary bypass grafting in patients with stenosis or occlusion of the innominate or subclavian arteries was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was designed as a retrospective clinical study in a university hospital setting with 61 patients as the basis of the study. Fifty-eight patients (95.1%) had at least two risk factors or associated medical illnesses for atherosclerosis, and 35 patients (57.4%) had concomitant carotid artery stenosis that necessitated a staged procedure in 12 patients (19.7%). The patients underwent a total of 63 crossover axilloaxillary bypass grafting procedures. Demographics, risk factors and associated medical illnesses, preoperative symptoms and angiographic data, blood flow inversion in the vertebral artery, concomitant carotid artery disease, graft shape, caliber and material, and intraoperative and postoperative complications were studied to assess the specific influence in determining the outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One postoperative death (1.6%), four early graft thromboses (6.2%), and six minor complications (9. 8%) occurred. The overall mortality and morbidity rates were 1.6% and 16.1%, respectively. During the follow-up period (mean, 97.3 +/- 7.9 months), we observed five graft thromboses (8.3%). Primary and secondary patency rates at 5 and 10 years were 86.5% and 82.8% and 88.1% and 84.3%, respectively. Overall, two patients (3.3%) had recurrence of upper limb symptoms and none had recurrence of symptoms in the carotid or vertebrobasilar territory. The 5-year and 10-year symptom-free interval rates were 97.7% and 93.5%, respectively. Nine patients (15%) died of unrelated causes. The 5-year and 10-year survival rates were 93.2% and 67.3%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that no specific variables exerted an influence in the short-term and long-term results and the outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The optimal outcome of axilloaxillary bypass grafting supports its use as the most valuable surgical alternative to transthoracic anatomic reconstructions for innominate lesion, long stenosis of the subclavian artery, and short subclavian artery stenosis associated with ispilateral carotid artery lesions.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Surgery, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mingoli
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sapienza
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Feldhaus
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bartoli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Palombi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: di Marzo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cavallaro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001132:Arm / Q000098:blood supply; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D016122:Brachiocephalic Trunk; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000601:surgery; D015993:Life Tables; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013348:Subclavian Artery; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014654:Vascular Patency