title: Serum ionized magnesium and calcium in women after menopause: inverse relation of estrogen with ionized magnesium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the serum concentrations of the sex steroid hormones and free divalent cations Mg2+ and Ca2+ in healthy women at or past menopause and to compare them with the serum concentrations of healthy, cycling women of child-bearing age at different stages of the menstrual cycle.
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  An academic medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women of varying age and duration of menopause, and healthy, cycling women.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum levels of the sex steroids (estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone) and of Ca2+ and Mg2+ were measured in menopausal and postmenopausal women, and in healthy, cycling women at five different stages of the menstrual cycle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Mg2+ and total Mg levels of the postmenopausal women were inversely related to the serum level of estrogen and were similar to the levels present during the early follicular phase of healthy women of child-bearing age. The Ca2+ level was unrelated to the sex steroid hormones present, but it was increased compared with that of younger women in both the follicular phase and the luteal phase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum levels of Mg2+ and total Mg were inversely correlated with the estrogen concentration in menopausal women. Serum levels of Ca2+ were significantly elevated in menopausal women compared with younger women, but the ratio of Ca2+ to Mg2+, a measure of cardiovascular problems, was not elevated in the postmenopausal women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New York Health Science Center, Brooklyn, New York 11203, USA.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Muneyyirci-Delale
authors.forename: V L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Nacharaju
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dalloul
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Altura
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Altura
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood*; D002413:Cations, Divalent / Q000097:blood; D004967:Estrogens / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008274:Magnesium / Q000097:blood*; D008593:Menopause / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D002413:Cations, Divalent; D004967:Estrogens; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D013739:Testosterone; D011374:Progesterone; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium