title: Stimulant medications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the short- and long-term safety and efficacy of stimulants for the treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
  
  
  METHODS
  A Medline search was conducted for both randomized controlled trials and reviews to determine the efficacy and safety of stimulant drugs for treating children with ADHD. Information was obtained on adverse events associated with their use, including their impact on height and weight gain during childhood. Animal data were reviewed for information on tolerance, sensitization, and the impact of high-dose stimulant effects on neurons and on the development of hepatic tumors. Human data on dopamine transporter occupancy by stimulants were also included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stimulant treatment studies show robust short-term efficacy and a good safety profile. Longer-term studies are few in number but have produced no conclusive evidence that careful therapeutic use of these medications is harmful.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Current evidence indicates that stimulants show efficacy and safety in studies lasting up to 24 months.
authors.affiliation: Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA. 73766.103@compuserve.com
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Greenhill
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Halperin
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abikoff
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001824:Body Constitution; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants