title: Increased prevalence of antithyroid antibodies identified in women with recurrent pregnancy loss but not in women undergoing assisted reproduction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence of antibodies to thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase (or microsomal) in women with recurrent pregnancy loss and women undergoing assisted reproductive techniques (ART) compared with healthy controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective, two-centered study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University-affiliated private patient centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Included were 700 women with a history of two or more consecutive pregnancy losses, 688 women with a history of infertility who were undergoing ART, and 200 healthy, reproductive-aged female controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood was collected before ART cycles, frozen, and assayed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Standardized ELISAs were used to measure antithyroid antibodies and TSH levels. Statistical analysis was performed with use of the two-tailed Fisher's exact test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Antithyroid antibodies were identified in 29 of 200 (14.5%) of controls and 158 of 700 (22.5%) of women with recurrent pregnancy loss and 132 of 688 (19.2%) of women undergoing ART. Less than 20% of the women with antithyroid antibodies were clinically hypothyroid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Antithyroid antibodies are identified more frequently in women with recurrent pregnancy loss than in controls but not in women undergoing ART. These autoantibodies may be markers of autoimmune activation and have been associated with an increased risk of pregnancy loss and postpartum thyroid disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tennessee, Memphis 38163-2116, USA.
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Kutteh
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Yetman
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Carr
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Scott
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000276:immunology*; D000328:Adult; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase / Q000276:immunology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D012099:Reproductive Techniques; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013954:Thyroglobulin / Q000276:immunology*; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D013954:Thyroglobulin; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase