title: Levels of PCBs, PCDDs and PCDFs in commercial butter samples in Spain.
abstract: Feasibility of three different extraction methods for the simultaneous determination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in butter is discussed. The method based on liquid-liquid extraction with water of the non fatty solids from butter dissolved in hexane was found to be the most efficient for the determination of the lipid content and the levels of the investigated pollutants. This method was used to evaluate the background levels of PCBs, PCDDs and PCDFs in butters commercially available in Spain. Broad ranges of PCB, specifically, PCDD and PCDF concentrations were found in the different brands analysed. Levels, profiles and patterns of these pollutants in butter were compared with those previously reported for different Spanish dairy products. The toxic tetra-equivalents of 2,3,7,8-TCDD (1-TEQ) averages for PCDDs and PCDFs in the 21 butter samples analysed were 0.41 and 0.70 pg/g fat basis, respectively. These values were similar or lower than those cited in the literature for other countries.
authors.affiliation: Department of I.A. and Environmental Chemistry, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eljarrat
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rivera
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: González
mesh_terms: D001572:Benzofurans / Q000032:analysis*; D002079:Butter / Q000032:analysis*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D004563:Electrochemistry; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis*; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D011108:Polymers / Q000032:analysis*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D012997:Solvents; D013030:Spain
chemical_list: D001572:Benzofurans; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D011108:Polymers; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D012997:Solvents; C016068:polychlorodibenzofuran; D002079:Butter; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls