title: Schedule-dependence of C-CAM1 adenovirus gene therapy in a prostate cancer model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  C-CAM1 functions as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer. Thus C-CAM1 recombinant adenovirus therapy may be a promising treatment for prostate cancer. Understanding the time course of C-CAM1's antitumor activity is essential for designing an optimal schedule for C-CAM1 gene therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  PC3 cells were exposed to Ad-C-CAM1 and the time course of C-CAM1 expression was monitored by flow cytometry. Tumors generated in nude mice by subcutaneous injection of PC-3 cells were used for in vivo testing of C-CAM1's antitumor activity. Intratumoral injections of viruses (either Ad-C-CAM1 or Ad-beta-gal) or buffer only (control) were performed according to two different schedules. Mice in Schedule A received a single injection, while mice in Schedule B received the same total amount of viruses in 3 equal doses at 2-week intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After single exposure to Ad-C-CAM1, PC-3 cells expressed abundant C-CAM1 protein which reached the highest level on day 3 and persisted for up to 5 days. PC-3 tumors in nude mice exhibited 2 to 3-week lag in tumor growth curves after a single Ad-C-CAM1 injection. In contrast, 14 of the 18 tumors receiving 3 fractionated Ad-C-CAM1 injections regressed completely, while the other 4 tumors shrank to significantly smaller sizes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sustained expression of C-CAM1 is required for optimal tumor suppression. The schedule-dependence of C-CAM1's antitumor activity should be taken into account in optimizing gene therapy in clinical settings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pathology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA. Slin@notes.mdacc.tmc.edu
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Pu
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Logothetis
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D006023:Glycoproteins; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; C069847:CD66 antigens; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; C486183:Ceacam1 protein, mouse; C087701:Ceacam2 protein, mouse; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D006023:Glycoproteins; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases