title: Randomised double-blind comparison of the incidence of tardive dyskinesia in patients with schizophrenia during long-term treatment with olanzapine or haloperidol.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tardive dyskinesia is important in the side-effect profile of antipsychotic medication.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The development of tardive dyskinesia was evaluated in patients treated with double-blind, randomly assigned olanzapine or haloperidol for up to 2.6 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tardive dyskinesia was assessed by the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) and Research Diagnostic Criteria for Tardive Dyskinesia (RD-TD), it was defined as meeting RD-TD criteria at two consecutive assessments. The risk of tardive dyskinesia, the relative risk, incidence rate, and incidence rate ratio were estimated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The relative risk of tardive dyskinesia for the overall follow up period for haloperidol (n = 522) v. olanzapine (n = 1192) was 2.66 (95% CI = 1.50-4.70). Based on data following the initial six weeks of observation (during which patients underwent medication change and AIMS assessments as frequently as every three days), the one-year risk was 0.52% with olanzapine (n = 513) and 7.45% with haloperidol (n = 114). The relative risk throughout this follow-up period was 11.37 (95% CI = 2.21-58.60).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicated a significantly lower risk of tardive dyskinesia with olanzapine than with haloperidol.
authors.affiliation: Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Beasley
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Dellva
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Morgenstern
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Glazer
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ferguson
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Tollefson
mesh_terms: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000209:etiology*; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D000077152:Olanzapine; D010890:Pirenzepine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D010890:Pirenzepine; D006220:Haloperidol; D000077152:Olanzapine