title: Gastrosparing effect of new antiinflammatory drug amtolmetin guacyl in the rat: involvement of nitric oxide.
abstract: The effect of the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) amtolmetin guacyl (AMG) on the gastric mucosa was studied in the rat by means of histological and functional techniques. AMG administered at 50-300 mg/kg intragastrically was virtually devoid of gastrolesive properties after either acute or repeated treatment. By contrast, its metabolite, tolmetin (TOL, 15-60 mg/kg, intragastrically) caused dose-dependent gastric damage after both treatments. Light and electron microscopy revealed that AMG induced minimal changes in the surface epithelium layer, without signs of vasocongestion or leukocytes adherence. AMG (50 mg/kg intragastrically) did not change basal gastric potential difference (PD), whereas acetylsalicylic acid and ibuprofen induced falls in PD of 22 and 27 mV, respectively. AMG (50 mg/kg intragastrically) reduced by 60% the fall in PD induced by 50% ethanol; this inhibition was dependent on the incubation time, and was maximal when AMG was given 4 hr before ethanol. AMG (100 mg/kg intragastrically) induced an increase in NO synthase type 2 (NOS2) activity, which was significantly different from control values, when AMG was administered 4 hr before the test. The metabolites of AMG, tolmetin, MED 5, and guaiacol were ineffective. Pharmacokinetic analysis of the residence time of AMG in the different areas of the gastrointestinal tract, revealed that AMG remains in the gastrointestinal tract at least for 4 hr, the time necessary for a maximal induction of NOS2 and for maximal protection against ethanol-induced damage. In conclusion, these data indicate that the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug amtolmetin guacyl is devoid of gastrolesive properties; this gastro-sparing effect seems to involve the production of nitric oxide, which can counteract the damaging effects due to prostaglandin inhibition. The presence in the stomach of the native molecule of amtolmetin guacyl seems to be necessary for the protective effect observed.
authors.affiliation: Research and Development, Sigma-Tau, Pomezia, Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pisano
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grandi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Morini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Coppelli
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vesci
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lo Giudice
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pace
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pacifici
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Longo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Coruzzi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carminati
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014046:Tolmetin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D011758:Pyrroles; C065762:ST 679; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D014046:Tolmetin; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C496322:Nos1 protein, rat; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; C496316:Nos3 protein, rat; D005998:Glycine