title: Endogenous superallergen protein Fv interacts with the VH3 region of IgE to induce cytokine secretion from human basophils.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Protein Fv is an endogenous protein, synthesized in liver and largely released in the digestive tract during acute and chronic viral hepatitis, that binds to immunoglobulin (Ig) from various mammalian and nonmammalian species.
  
  
  METHODS
  Basophils obtained from normal subjects were purified by a double Percoll gradient and elutriation. The secretion of histamine induced by protein Fv was assayed by a fluorometric technique, the extracellular protein levels of IL-4 and IL-13 were measured by ELISA, and IL-4 mRNA levels were evaluated by RT-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Protein Fv concentration-dependently induced histamine and IL-4 and IL-13 release from purified basophils. IL-4 mRNA, constitutively present in basophils, was increased after stimulation by protein Fv. Histamine and IL-4 secretion from basophils, but not histamine and IL-13 release, activated by protein Fv was significantly correlated (rs = 0.70, p<0.001). Basophils from which IgE had been dissociated by brief exposure to lactic acid no longer released IL-4 in response to protein Fv and anti-IgE. Two preparations of human VH3(+) monoclonal IgM inhibited protein Fv-induced secretion of IL-4 and histamine from basophils. In contrast, VH6(+) monoclonal IgM did not inhibit the release of mediators caused by protein Fv.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that protein Fv, which acts as an endogenous superallergen, interacts with the VH3 domain of IgE to induce the synthesis and release of IL-4, IL-13 and the secretion of histamine from basophils.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Patella
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giuliano
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Florio
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bouvet
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marone
mesh_terms: D001491:Basophils / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000276:immunology*; D007128:Immunoglobulin Fragments / Q000276:immunology; D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains / Q000276:immunology; D007135:Immunoglobulin Variable Region / Q000276:immunology; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000276:immunology*; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; C089422:Fv protein, human; D007128:Immunoglobulin Fragments; D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains; D007135:Immunoglobulin Variable Region; D008222:Lymphokines; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D007073:Immunoglobulin E