title: Negative cooperativity between juxtaposed E-box and cAMP/TPA responsive elements in the cholecystokinin gene promoter.
abstract: The promoter of the cholecystokinin (CCK) gene possesses evolutionary conserved juxtaposed E-box and cAMP/TPA responsive elements (CRE/TRE). We have examined the functional interaction of these two sites. As previously noted, c-Jun/c-Fos heterodimers greatly increase promoter activity through association with the CRE/TRE. Mutation of the E-box enhanced the activation by c-Jun/c-Fos, as well as stimulation by forskolin and bFGF, that acts through the CRE/TRE site. Moreover, c-Jun/c-Fos stimulation was inhibited by co-expression of c-Myc and Max. The results indicate that factors associating with the E-box exhibit a negative cooperative effect on the activation via the CRE/TRE element. We propose that this mechanism plays a significant role in CCK gene transcription and other genes with juxtaposed E-box and CRE/TRE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen O, Denmark.
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Rourke
authors.forename: T V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nerlov
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Rehfeld
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Nielsen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D051778:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D050976:Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D002766:Cholecystokinin / Q000235:genetics*; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D018257:Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs; D006801:Humans; D016350:Leucine Zippers; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016296:Mutagenesis; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020218:Response Elements; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D051778:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D050976:Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C499330:MAX protein, human; C067850:Myc associated factor X; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; D014157:Transcription Factors; C068422:Max protein, mouse; D002766:Cholecystokinin; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate