title: Randomised placebo-controlled trial of inhaled sodium cromoglycate in 1-4-year-old children with moderate asthma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inhalation therapy with sodium cromoglycate is recommended as the first-line prophylactic treatment for moderate asthma in children. The availability of spacer devices with face-masks has extended the applicability of metered-dose inhalers to younger children. We studied the feasibility and effects of this therapy compared with placebo in children aged 1-4 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  218 children aged 1-4 years with moderate asthma were recruited through 151 general practitioners between March, 1995, and March, 1996. They were randomly assigned sodium cromoglycate (10 mg three times daily) or placebo, given by inhaler with spacer device and face-mask for 5 months. Rescue medication (ipratropium plus fenoterol aerosol) was available during the baseline period of 1 month and the intervention period. Parents completed a daily symptom-score list. The primary outcome measure was the proportion of symptom-free days in months 2 to 5. Analysis was by both intention to treat and on treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  167 (77%) children completed the trial. 131 (78%) of these children used at least 80% of the recommended dose. Of the 51 children who stopped prematurely, 23 had difficulties with inhaled treatment. The mean proportion of symptom-free days for both groups was greater for the treatment period than for the baseline period (95% CI for mean difference 5.1 to 17.5 cromoglycate, 11.9 to 23.3 placebo). However there were no differences between the sodium cromoglycate and placebo groups in the proportion of symptom-free days (mean 65.7 [SD 25.3] vs 64.3 [24.5]%; 95% CI for difference -8.46 to 5.70) or in any other outcome measure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study in a general practice setting shows that inhalation therapy with a spacer device and face-mask is feasible in a majority of children below the age of 4 years. However, long-term prophylactic therapy with inhaled sodium cromoglycate is not more effective than placebo in this age-group.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice, Erasmus University and Academic Hospital Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Tasche
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: van der Wouden
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Uijen
authors.forename: B P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Ponsioen
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Bernsen
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: van Suijlekom-Smit
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: de Jongste
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D001249:Asthma / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004205:Cromolyn Sodium / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers
chemical_list: D004205:Cromolyn Sodium