title: Interleukin-8 induces lymphocyte chemotaxis into the pleural space. Role of pleural macrophages.
abstract: The pleural space is a potential compartment between the lung and chest wall that becomes filled with fluid and inflammatory cells in a number of respiratory diseases. In an attempt to understand one aspect of the inflammatory process in the pleural space, we compared the responses in three different diseases (congestive heart failure [CHF], tuberculosis [TB], and cancer). Large concentrations of interleukin-8 (IL-8) were detected in cancer and TB effusions, but not in CHF. Surprisingly, the concentration of IL-8 correlated best with lymphocyte recruitment and not with neutrophil recruitment. Pleural fluid from cancer and TB patients was chemotactic for lymphocytes, and this activity was partly blocked by an anti-IL-8 antibody in cancer and completely blocked in TB. To determine whether there was the potential for a chemotactic gradient into the pleural space, pleural effusion cells were analyzed for the expression of IL-8. Cells in the effusions of cancer patients expressed IL-8, whereas IL-8 could not be detected from the cells of TB and CHF effusions. To explore the possible role of pleural macrophages in the regulation of IL-8, pleural effusion cells were treated with culture supernatants from stimulated pleural macrophages. Stimulated pleural macrophages were able to induce expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) for IL-8 and IL-8 protein production, and this activity was abrogated by blocking tumor necrosis factor-alpha. These findings suggest that soluble IL-8 is an important factor for the recruitment of lymphocytes into the pleural space, and that this cytokine is produced by both pleural structural and cancer cells after their activation by macrophage-derived, cytokine-mediated signals.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Fisiopatologia Respiratoria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo; Istituto di Medicina Generale e Pneumologia, Università degli Studi, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pace
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gjomarkaj
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Melis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Profita
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spatafora
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Vignola
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bonsignore
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Mody
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / Q000502:physiology; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010994:Pleura / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010996:Pleural Effusion / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D016209:Interleukin-8