title: Frequent mutation and nuclear localization of beta-catenin in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.
abstract: Beta-catenin is an ubiquitously expressed cytoplasmic protein that has a crucial role in both E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion and as a downstream signaling molecule in the wingless pathway. Stabilization of beta-catenin followed by nuclear translocation and subsequent T-cell factor/lymphoid-enhancing factor-mediated transcriptional activation has been proposed as an important step in oncogenesis. Stabilization may occur through activating mutations in exon-3 at the phosphorylation sites for ubiquitination and degradation of beta-catenin. Immunohistochemical subcellular localization of beta-catenin and mutational analysis of exon-3 of the beta-catenin gene by single-strand conformational polymorphism followed by DNA sequencing was performed on 37 samples from 31 patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Immunofluorescent staining showed nuclear localization in 15 (42%) of the 36 samples examined. Nucleotide sequencing of mobility shifts detected by single-strand conformational polymorphism revealed somatic alterations in 19 (61%) of the 31 patients analyzed. We conclude that mutations in beta-catenin are common in anaplastic thyroid cancer and that they may activate transcription, as illustrated by frequent nuclear localization of the protein. These findings support the idea that beta-catenin acts as an oncogene and contributes to the highly aggressive behavior of this tumor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA. ginesa.rostan@yale.edu
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Garcia-Rostan
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tallini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Herrero
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: D'Aquila
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Carcangiu
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Rimm
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010766:Phosphorylation; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015534:Trans-Activators; D051176:beta Catenin
chemical_list: C495270:CTNNB1 protein, human; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D051176:beta Catenin; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3