title: The subcellular localization of PBX1 and EXD proteins depends on nuclear import and export signals and is modulated by association with PREP1 and HTH.
abstract: Nuclear localization of the Extradenticle (EXD) and PBX1 proteins is regionally restricted during Drosophila and mammalian development. We studied the subcellular localization of EXD, PBX, and their partners Homothorax (HTH) and PREP1, in different cell contexts. HTH and PREP1 are cytoplasmic and require association with EXD/PBX for nuclear localization. EXD and PBX1 are nuclear in murine fibroblasts but not in Drosophila Schneider cells, in which they are actively exported to the cytoplasm. Coexpression of EXD/PBX with HTH/PREP1 causes nuclear localization of their heterodimers in both cell contexts. We propose that heterodimerization with HTH/PREP induces nuclear translocation of EXD and PBX1 in specific cell contexts by blocking their nuclear export.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Genetics Unit, Dipartimento di Ricerca Biologica e Tecnologica, H.S. Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Berthelsen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kilstrup-Nielsen
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Blasi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mavilio
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zappavigna
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004330:Drosophila; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D019913:Nuclear Localization Signals; D000075062:Pre-B-Cell Leukemia Transcription Factor 1; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013347:Subcellular Fractions; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D019913:Nuclear Localization Signals; C491412:Pknox1 protein, mouse; D000075062:Pre-B-Cell Leukemia Transcription Factor 1; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C083405:exd protein, Drosophila; C108704:hth protein, Drosophila; C083400:PBX1 protein, human