title: Discontinuation of antimalarial drugs in systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the reasons for and timing of discontinuation of antimalarial drugs, principally hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
  
  
  METHODS
  A lupus database was reviewed to identify antimalarial use from inception to April 1996. Reasons for drug discontinuation were assessed by medical record review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 224 patients with SLE, 156 (70%) had received antimalarials. The 156 users received 203 courses of antimalarials, of which 197 (97%) were for HCQ. The average duration of use was 6.9 years/patient. Antimalarials were discontinued at least once in 62 patients. When only the first course of use was considered, 67, 50, and 38% of patients continued to receive antimalarials at 5, 10, and 15 years, respectively (for all courses, the rates were 82, 66, and 52%, respectively). Reasons for discontinuation were disease remission in 26 (42%), side effects in 18 (29%), noncompliance in 9 (15%), lack of efficacy in 5 (8%), and miscellaneous causes such as pregnancy/surgery in 4 (6%). When all courses were considered, 20 subjects were withdrawn for side effects, including gastrointestinal in 11; headache and dizziness, and nonretinal eye problem in 2 each; and hearing loss and rash in one each. Two developed HCQ myopathy (1.9 cases/1000 patient-years of HCQ therapy; 95% CI 0.2, 7.0). One developed HCQ retinopathy after 6 years at a dose of 6.5 mg/kg/day (0.95 cases/1000 patient-years of HCQ; 95% CI 0.0, 5.5). Among patients who had received HCQ for at least 6 years, 1.3% developed retinopathy (95% CI 0.03, 7.0%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HCQ is well tolerated in SLE. However, ophthalmologic testing remains essential, as retinopathy does occur, albeit rarely.
authors.affiliation: Mary Pack Arthritis Centre and the Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Centre, University of British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Fortin
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Panaritis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gans
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Esdaile
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006886:Hydroxychloroquine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015993:Life Tables; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016312:Treatment Refusal
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D006886:Hydroxychloroquine