title: On-line assessment of regional ventricular wall motion by transesophageal echocardiography with color kinesis during minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to determine the changes in regional ventricular wall motion during minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting by color kinesis using transesophageal echocardiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting was performed in 34 patients, during which transesophageal echocardiography was used. Thirteen patients had isolated disease of the left anterior descending artery. Regional ventricular wall motion was analyzed by color kinesis with the SONOS 2500 transesophageal echocardiograph (Hewlett-Packard Co, Andover, Mass). On-line assessment of regional wall motion was continued during the operation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Wall motion abnormalities during ischemia were present in 4 cases, left ventricular mid-anterior hypokinesis in 3 cases, and left ventricular apical-lateral hypokinesis in 1 case. In all cases, wall motion was maintained after bypass. In patients with total coronary occlusion, changes in wall motion did not occur during anastomosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Color kinesis allowed us to evaluate the change in regional ventricular wall motion induced by myocardial ischemia during minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting both objectively and quantitatively.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Surgery and Anesthesiology, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Toyama, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kotoh
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ueyama
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uozaki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Misaki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wakasugi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ito
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal / Q000379:methods*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods*; D009862:Online Systems; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left