title: Effects of cycling alone or in a sheltered position on subsequent running performance during a triathlon.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare the responses during a triathlon in which cycling was performed alone, as well as in a drafting position.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight male triathletes of international level performed a sprint-distance triathlon (0.75-km swim, 20-km bike, 5-km run) on two different occasions, one completely alone (TA), the other as a drafter during the bike leg of the event (TD). The speed during drafted cycling remained at all times identical to the no-draft situation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results revealed that expiratory flow (VE), oxygen uptake (VO2), heart rate (HR), and blood lactate concentrations ([La-]) were significantly lower when drafting on the bike as opposed to biking alone (112.1 vs. 162.2 L x min(-1), 55.2 vs. 64.2 mL x min(-1) x kg(-1), 155 vs. 166.8 beats x min(-1), and 4.0 vs. 8.4 mmol x L(-1), respectively). The results also showed that running after biking in a drafting situation (for similar bike speeds) significantly improved the running speed compared with that of the no-draft modality (17.8 vs. 17.1 km x h(-1)). Furthermore, VE, VO2, HR, and [La-] were significantly higher during TD run compared with TA run (161.6 vs. 141.4 L x min(-1), 70.9 vs. 67.1 mL x min(-1) x kg(-1), 175.3 vs. 167.98 beats x min(-1), and 8.1 vs. 7.6 mmol x L(-1), respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results showed that drafting allows triathletes to save significantly on energy during the bike leg of a triathlon and creates the conditions for an improved running performance, with higher benefits for the strong runners.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biomécanique et de Physiologie, Institut National du Sport et de L'Education Physique, Paris, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hausswirth
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lehénaff
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dréano
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Savonen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001642:Bicycling / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid