title: Different signalling pathways contribute to the control of GPD1 gene expression by osmotic stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
abstract: Yeast cells respond to a shift to higher osmolarity by increasing the cellular content of the osmolyte glycerol. This response is accompanied by a stimulation of the expression of genes encoding enzymes in the glycerol production pathway. In this study the osmotic induction of one of those genes, GPD1, which encodes glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, was monitored in time course experiments. The response is independent of the osmolyte and consists of four apparent phases: a lag phase, an initial induction phase, a feedback phase and a sustained long-term induction. Osmotic shock with progressively higher osmolyte concentrations caused a prolonged lag phase. Deletion of HOG1, which encodes the terminal protein kinase of the high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) response pathway, led to an even longer lag phase and drastically lower basal and induced GPD1 mRNA levels. However, the induction was only moderately diminished. Overstimulation of Hog1p by deletion of the genes for the protein phosphatases PTP2 and PTP3 led to higher basal and induced mRNA levels and a shorter lag phase. The protein phosphatase calcineurin, which mediates salt-induced expression of some genes, does not appear to contribute to the control of GPD1 expression. Although GPD1 expression has so far not been reported to be controlled by a general stress response mechanism, heat-shock induction of the GPD1 mRNA level was observed. However, unregulated protein kinase A activity, which strongly affects the general stress response, only marginally altered the mRNA level of GPD1. The osmotic stimulation of GPD1 expression does not seem to be mediated by derepression, since deletion of the SSN6 gene, which encodes a general repressor, did not significantly alter the induction profile. A hypoosmotic shock led to a transient 10-fold drop of the GPD1 mRNA level. Neither the HOG nor the protein kinase C pathway, which is stimulated by a decrease in external osmolarity, is involved in this effect. It was concluded that osmotic regulation of GPD1 expression is the result of an interplay between different signalling pathways, some of which remain to be identified.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorium voor Moleculaire Celbiologie, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kardinaal Mercierlaan 92, B-3001 Heverlee, Flanders, Belgium.
authors.forename: Martijn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rep
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Orange Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa.
authors.forename: Jacobus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Albertyn
authors.affiliation: Laboratorium voor Moleculaire Celbiologie, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kardinaal Mercierlaan 92, B-3001 Heverlee, Flanders, Belgium.
authors.forename: Johan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Thevelein
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Orange Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa.
authors.forename: Bernard A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Prior
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology/Microbiology, Göteborg University, Box 462, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.|Laboratorium voor Moleculaire Celbiologie, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kardinaal Mercierlaan 92, B-3001 Heverlee, Flanders, Belgium.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hohmann
mesh_terms: D019703:Calcineurin / Q000378:metabolism; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017353:Gene Deletion; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D005990:Glycerol / Q000378:metabolism; D005993:Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D009997:Osmotic Pressure; D054592:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11; D053824:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000235:genetics; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D015398:Signal Transduction; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D013012:Sorbitol / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C065455:CYC8 protein, S cerevisiae; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D013012:Sorbitol; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D005993:Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; C088589:HOG1 protein, S cerevisiae; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D019703:Calcineurin; D054592:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11; D053824:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; D005990:Glycerol