title: Glucagon-like peptide-1 promotes satiety and reduces food intake in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2.
abstract: Glucagon-like peptide-1-(7-36) amide (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone of the enteroinsular axis. Recent experimental evidence in animals and healthy subjects suggests that GLP-1 has a role in controlling appetite and energy intake in humans. We have therefore examined in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study in 12 patients with diabetes type 2 the effect of intravenously infused GLP-1 on appetite sensations and energy intake. On 2 days, either saline or GLP-1 (1.5 pmol. kg-1. min-1) was given throughout the experiment. Visual analog scales were used to assess appetite sensations; furthermore, food and fluid intake of a test meal were recorded, and blood was sampled for analysis of plasma glucose and hormone levels. GLP-1 infusion enhanced satiety and fullness compared with placebo (P = 0.028 for fullness and P = 0.026 for hunger feelings). Energy intake was reduced by 27% by GLP-1 (P = 0.034) compared with saline. The results demonstrate a marked effect of GLP-1 on appetite by showing enhanced satiety and reduced energy intake in patients with diabetes type 2.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Kantonsspital, CH-5000 Aarau, Switzerland.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Gutzwiller
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Drewe
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Göke
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rohrer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lareida
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Beglinger
mesh_terms: D001066:Appetite / Q000187:drug effects; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects*; D005934:Glucagon / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000188:drug therapy; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012527:Satiation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011498:Protein Precursors; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D005934:Glucagon