title: Radiosurgery of cerebral arteriovenous malformations: is an early angiogram needed?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Radiosurgical treatment of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) has slow and progressive vasoocclusive effects. We sought to determine if early posttherapeutic angiography provides relevant information for the management of radiosurgically treated AVMs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1990 and 1993, the progress of 138 of 197 cerebral AVMs treated by linear accelerator (Linac) was regularly followed by angiographic study. On each posttherapeutic angiogram ("early," 6-18-month follow-up; "intermediate," 19-29-month-follow-up; and "late," > 30-month follow-up), the degree of reduction across the greatest diameter of the nidus and hemodynamic modifications were analyzed. Each cerebral AVM was qualitatively classified into one of the following categories after early angiographic study: 0%-reduced, 25%-reduced, 50%-reduced, 75%-reduced, and 100%-reduced or "complete obliteration." Vasoocclusive progress for each category was then studied over time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three (10%) of the 30 0-25%-reduced, eight (38%) of 21 50%-reduced, and 27 (84%) of 32 75%-reduced cerebral AVMs showed complete obliteration after further follow-up. The three 0-25%-reduced AVMS that went on to complete obliteration underwent very early angiography (6-7 months). Fifty-five cerebral AVMs showed complete obliteration on early angiograms (40%). In this group, more follow-up, when performed, confirmed complete obliteration in all cases (n = 17).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An early angiogram is needed to predict the effectiveness of radiosurgery. Important AVM changes seen on early angiograms are highly correlated with treatment success. Moreover, no or minor changes seen on early angiograms are highly predictive of radiosurgical failure. For these patients, further treatment should be discussed promptly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroradiology, Centre, Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Paris, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Oppenheim
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Meder
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Trystram
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nataf
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Godon-Hardy
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blustajn
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mérienne
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schlienger
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Frédy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005544:Forecasting; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016634:Radiosurgery; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016896:Treatment Outcome