title: Immunological background in children with persistent diarrhea in Ghana.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Persistent diarrheal diseases have become one of the most serious medical problems in developing countries, but few studies have been conducted to determine the risk factors. In the present study, we investigated the nutritional and immunological background in children with persistent diarrhea in comparison with those with acute diarrhea.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children with diarrhea who were brought to the Oral Rehydration Salt Clinic of Princess Marie Louise Children's Hospital in Accra were evaluated from an immunological and nutritional aspect. In the follow-up visit, the cases whose diarrhea stopped within 2 weeks after onset were classified into the acute diarrhea group; those with diarrhea lasting more than 2 weeks were classed in the persistent group. Nutritional and immunological data at the initial visit were compared between these two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In general, the diarrhea cases had a tendency to undernutrition and impaired cellular immunity compared with healthy control. Persistent cases had lower values for longer half-life, rapid turn-over proteins. Persistent cases had a higher percentage of CD8+ cells and lower CD4/CD8 ratio. CD25 expression in CD4+ cells stimulated by anti-CD3 antibody was lower in the persistent diarrhea group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results appear to support the hypothesis that more severe nutritional status and impairment of cellular immunity is related to the persistence of diarrhea.
authors.affiliation: Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana. tanigk@nih.go.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rikimaru
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Yartey
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Akpedonu
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Armar-Klemesu
authors.forename: F K
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Nkrumah
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kamiya
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kishi
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Armar
mesh_terms: D016516:CD4-CD8 Ratio; D015362:Child Nutrition Disorders / Q000150:complications; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005869:Ghana; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000276:immunology; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets; D008297:Male; D009752:Nutritional Status; D018570:Risk Assessment