title: Granule-bound starch synthase I in isolated starch granules elongates malto-oligosaccharides processively.
abstract: Isoforms of starch synthase belonging to the granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) class synthesize the amylose component of starch in plants. Other granule-bound isoforms of starch synthase, such as starch synthase II (SSII), are unable to synthesize amylose. The kinetic properties of GBSSI and SSII that are responsible for these functional differences have been investigated using starch granules from embryos of wild-type peas and rug5 and lam mutant peas, which contain, respectively, both GBSSI and SSII, GBSSI but not SSII and SSII but not GBSSI. We show that GBSSI in isolated granules elongates malto-oligosaccharides processively, adding more than one glucose molecule for each enzyme-glucan encounter. Granule-bound SSII can elongate malto-oligosaccharides, but has a lower affinity for these than GBSSI and does not elongate processively. As a result of these properties GBSSI synthesizes longer malto-oligosaccharides than SSII. The significance of these results with respect to the roles of GBSSI and SSII in vivo is discussed.
authors.affiliation: John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UH, UK. denyerk@bbsrc.ac.uk
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Denyer
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Waite
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Motawia
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Møller
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000245:Adenosine Diphosphate Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D000688:Amylose / Q000096:biosynthesis; D001665:Binding Sites; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005964:Glucosyltransferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D008320:Maltose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism*; D000432:Methanol; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000378:metabolism*; D018532:Pisum sativum / Q000196:embryology / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D010940:Plant Proteins; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D012995:Solubility; D013214:Starch Synthase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014312:Trisaccharides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D010940:Plant Proteins; D014312:Trisaccharides; D000245:Adenosine Diphosphate Glucose; C008317:maltotriose; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D008320:Maltose; D000688:Amylose; D005964:Glucosyltransferases; C111377:starch synthase II; D013214:Starch Synthase; D000432:Methanol