Simulation of orthodontic tooth movements. A comparison of numerical models.
Orthodontic tooth movements are based on the ability of bone to react to mechanical stresses with the apposition and resorption of alveolar bone. Currently, the underlying biophysical, biochemical, and cellular processes are the subject of numerous studies. At present, however, an analytical description of orthodontic tooth movements including all components of the processes involved seems to be impossible. It was the aim of the present study to develop a mechanics-based phenomenological model capable of describing the alveolar bone remodeling. Thus, 2 different models were developed. The first is based on the assumption that deformations of the periodontal ligament (PDL) are the key stimulus to starting orthodontic tooth movement. The second supposes that deformations of the alveolar bone are the basis of orthodontic bone remodeling. Both models were integrated into a finite element package calculating stresses, strains and deformations of tooth and tooth supporting structures and from this simulating the movement of the tooth and its alveolus through the bone. Clinically induced canine retractions in 5 patients as well as force systems were exactly measured and the tooth movements were simulated using both models. The results show that the first model allows reliable simulation of orthodontic tooth movements, whereas the second is to be rejected.
Bourauel
C
C
Poliklinik für Kieferorthopädie, Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Germany. bourauel@uni-bonn.de
Freudenreich
D
D
Vollmer
D
D
Kobe
D
D
Drescher
D
D
Jäger
A
A
D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000502:physiology; D016723:Bone Remodeling; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003481:Cuspid / Q000502:physiology; D003722:Dental Alloys; D004548:Elasticity; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009532:Nickel; D009969:Orthodontic Wires; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000502:physiology; D011379:Prognosis; D014025:Titanium; D014086:Tooth Mobility; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
D003722:Dental Alloys; C040654:titanium nickelide; D009532:Nickel; D014025:Titanium