title: Flow cytometric analysis of genetic damage, effect on cell cycle progression, and apoptosis by thiophanate-methyl in human lymphocytes.
abstract: Flow cytometric technique was used to study the effects of the fungicide Thiophanate-methyl on cell proliferation, micronucleus induction, and apoptosis in human peripheral blood lymphocytes treated in vitro. In particular, a combined approach of flow cytometry and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with a pancentromeric alpha-satellite probe was used to evaluate the mechanism of micronucleus induction by Thiophanate-methyl. Flow sorted micronuclei (MN) induced in human lymphocytes by Thiophanate-methyl were analyzed by FISH and the results were compared with results from FISH analysis on MN in binucleated cells. It could be shown that most MN induced by Thiophanate-methyl did not reveal any centromeric signal, thus demonstrating clastogenic action of this fungicide. Moreover, it was found that as a function of the concentration of Thiophanate-methyl, cellular proliferation was delayed and the frequency of apoptotic cells was increased.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fimognari
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nüsse
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hrelia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D013875:Thiophanate / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D013875:Thiophanate