title: Surfactant protein A mediates mycoplasmacidal activity of alveolar macrophages by production of peroxynitrite.
abstract: We have previously shown that surfactant protein A (SP-A) mediates in vitro killing of mycoplasmas by alveolar macrophages (AMs) from resistant C57BL/6 mice through a nitric oxide (.NO)-dependent mechanism. Herein, SP-A-deficient [SP-A(-/-)] and inducible.NO synthase-deficient [iNOS(-/-)] mice were infected intranasally with 10(5) or 10(7) colony-forming units of Mycoplasma pulmonis. SP-A(-/-) mice were as susceptible to mycoplasmal infection as highly susceptible C3H/He mice, and far more susceptible than resistant C57BL/6 mice. iNOS(-/-) mice had significantly greater numbers of mycoplasmas and severity of lung lesions than iNOS(+/+) controls. In vitro, AMs isolated from C57BL/6 mice, activated with IFN-gamma, incubated with SP-A (25 micrograms/ml), and infected with 10(10) colony-forming units of M. pulmonis, killed mycoplasmas within 6 h. Mycoplasmal killing was abrogated by 1,000 units/ml of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase. In the absence of AMs, incubation of M. pulmonis with the peroxynitrite generator 3-morpholinosynodiomine.HCl (SIN-1) effected complete killing of mycoplasmas by 90 min in a dose-dependent manner. Addition of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (3,000 units/ml), which converts SIN-1 to a.NO donor, prevented this killing. Neither of the reactive oxygen species generated by xanthine oxidase (10 milliunits/ml, plus 500 microM xanthine and 100 microM FeCl3), nor.NO generated by 1-propanamine-3-(2-hydroxy-2-nitroso-1-propylhydrazine (PAPA NONOate) (100 microM) killed mycoplasmas. These data establish that peroxynitrite generation by AMs is necessary for the killing of a pathogen in vitro and in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Medicine, Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hickman-Davis
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gibbs-Erwin
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Lindsey
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matalon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009174:Mycoplasma; D009175:Mycoplasma Infections / Q000378:metabolism*; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism*; D011510:Proteolipids / Q000378:metabolism*; D037662:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein A; D037661:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Proteins; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D011510:Proteolipids; D037662:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein A; D037661:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Proteins; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants; C039642:peroxynitric acid