title: Cold storage induces time-dependent F2-isoprostane formation in renal tubular cells and rat kidneys.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous findings suggest a possible role for free radicals in cold-storage-associated tissue injury. Because free radical-induced lipid peroxidation catalyzes the cyclooxygenase-independent formation of vasoconstrictive F2-isoprostanes, the hypothesis that isoprostanes are produced during cold storage was tested in this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total isoprostanes (free and esterified) in renal tubular epithelial (LLC-PK1) cells or whole kidneys, subjected to cold storage, were quantitated employing the gas chromatographic-mass spectroscopic method. LLC-PK1 cells were stored at 4 degrees C in a University of Wisconsin (UW) solution for 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours or 48 hours with desferrioxamine (DFO) or the lazaroid compound 2-methyl aminochroman (2-MAC). In the rat model, kidneys were perfused and stored for 48 hours in the UW solution with or without added DFO or 2-MAC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Isoprostanes in LLC-PK1 cells increased by fivefold following 24 hours of cold storage (36 +/- 2 pg/well to 185 +/- 6, mean +/- SE, following 24 hours of cold storage, P < 0.0001), and the levels continued to increase significantly at 48 and 72 hours. DFO and 2-MAC caused significant suppression of isoprostane formation. Cold storage of the kidneys in UW solution for 48 hours was accompanied by an eightfold increase in isoprostanes compared with control kidneys not subjected to cold storage (25.0 +/- 3.0 vs. 2.9 +/- 0.1 ng/g, P < 0.0001). The addition of 2-MAC or DFO to the UW solution was associated with a near complete suppression of 48-hour cold-induced isoprostane formation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings provide evidence for the formation of large quantities of antioxidant-suppressible isoprostanes in kidney cells and whole kidney during cold-preservation. Based on this, it is hypothesized that (a) isoprostanes, which are potent renal vasoconstrictors, may contribute to immediate post-transplant vasoconstriction and dysfunction in kidneys subjected to extended cold storage, and that (b) the addition of 2-MAC or DFO to a UW solution in such circumstances may attenuate these alterations partly by suppressing isoprostane formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, USA. SalahUSA@aol.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salahudeen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nawaz
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Poovala
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kanji
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Morrow
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roberts
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002839:Chromans / Q000494:pharmacology; D003080:Cold Temperature; D015925:Cryopreservation; D003676:Deferoxamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D018374:LLC-PK1 Cells; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000502:physiology; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002614:Chelating Agents; D002839:Chromans; D010879:Piperazines; C066382:U 78517F; D015237:Dinoprost; D003676:Deferoxamine