title: Characterization of differences between multiple sclerosis and normal brain: a global magnetization transfer application.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although the exact nature of the physiological differences between normal and multiple sclerosis (MS) brains are unknown, it has been shown that their global magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) values are significantly different. To more fully understand these differences, we examined MTR values by using 30 distinct measures. We provide a unique illustration of these differences through a derived normal-to-MS transform.
  
  
  METHODS
  Global MTR values for the group of normal subjects and for the group of MS subjects were characterized by 30 different measures involving simple statistics, histographic characteristics, MTR order information, and MTR range information. The measures that were significantly different with respect to these two groups were discovered. From the mean MTR histogram of the two groups, a transform was created to describe a conversion between the two brain states. Normal data were passed through this transform, creating a set of pseudo-MS data. The measures that were significantly different from the normal and pseudo-MS data were also obtained in order to verify the accuracy of the transform.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventeen of the 30 measures were determined to be significantly different when comparing the sets of normal and MS data. The same set of 17 measures were found to be significantly different when comparing the normal and pseudo-MS data.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The differences in the global MTR values of normal and MS subjects are statistically significant compared with a large number of measures (alpha = 0.05). A normal-to-MS transform is a novel method for illustrating these differences.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Diagnostic Radiology Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ostuni
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Richert
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Frank
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D005103:Expert Systems; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000473:pathology*