title: Low velocity gunshot injuries to the temporal bone.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the presentation, symptoms and management associated with low velocity gunshot injuries to the temporal bone.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of 26 patients treated for low velocity gunshot injuries to the temporal bone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Initial presentation included otorrhoea (69 per cent), facial nerve injury (27 per cent), hearing loss (65 per cent), intracranial injuries (50 per cent), and cranial neuropathies (58 per cent). Nine patients (35 per cent) underwent angiography, which showed vascular injury in five of them. Four patients died.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low velocity gunshot injuries can be devastating and may result in functional sequelae. Low velocity missiles crush and lacerate surrounding structures, while high velocity missiles cause extensive wound cavity formation. Early aggressive management for intracranial, vascular and facial nerve injury can improve outcome.
authors.affiliation: State University of New York-Health Science Center at Brooklyn, USA.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Sabin
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Har-el
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001930:Brain Injuries; D002648:Child; D020209:Cranial Nerve Injuries; D004424:Ear Canal / Q000293:injuries; D020220:Facial Nerve Injuries; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008416:Mastoid / Q000293:injuries; D008875:Middle Aged; D009518:New York; D010579:Petrous Bone / Q000293:injuries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013701:Temporal Bone / Q000293:injuries*; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*