title: Vascular complications of the intraaortic balloon pump in patients undergoing open heart operations: 15-year experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The beneficial effects of the intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) in providing circulatory support must be weighed against its complications, particularly its vascular trauma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five hundred nine patients who underwent open heart operations at our institution and who were treated with the IABP from January 1980 through December 1994 were studied retrospectively to assess IABP-related vascular complications and their independent preoperative predictors and the implications of IABP-related vascular complications on the patients' mortality, morbidity (clinical sepsis and organ failure), and long-term survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Early vascular complications occurred in 56 patients (11%) and major complications occurred in 41 patients (8%). The latter consisted of aortic perforation in 1 patient, aortoiliac dissection in 2 patients, and limb ischemia in 38 patients. Logistic regression analysis identified concomitant peripheral vascular disease (p<0.001), elevated preoperative end-diastolic pressure, small body surface area, and large catheter size (p<0.05) as independent risk factors for IABP-related major vascular complications in patients who survived the day of operation. Late IABP-related sequelae occurred in 10 patients, 9 of whom had had early vascular complications. The presence of vascular complications per se was not a significant independent factor among other risk factors for mortality, morbidity, or long-term survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Careful clinical assessment of the aortofemoral vascular tree is a cornerstone of early diagnosis and early intervention and usually prevents limb loss. The significant decrease in major vascular complications that has occurred over the last 5 years can be explained by the increased use of catheters with smaller diameters. The timing of IABP insertion in relation to operation and the duration of IABP use were the only device-related risk factors identified for morbidity and survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: O E
authors.initials: OE
authors.lastname: Arafa
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Svennevig
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fosse
authors.forename: O R
authors.initials: OR
authors.lastname: Geiran
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001011:Aorta / Q000293:injuries*; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D002648:Child; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000293:injuries; D006406:Hematoma / Q000209:etiology; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007083:Iliac Artery / Q000293:injuries*; D007423:Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007511:Ischemia / Q000209:etiology*; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000209:etiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors