title: Differentiation of fetal pig endocrine cells after allografting into the thymus gland.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The thymus of large animals, such as the pig, is thought to be an appropriate site for transplanting adult islets, which contain numerous beta cells, for the purpose of reversing diabetes. Whether fetal islet-like cell clusters (ICCs), which contain few beta cells, will develop at this site, so that adequate amounts of insulin can be produced, is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 15,000 and 40,000 ICCs were injected into the thymus gland of six juvenile immunosuppressed pigs, and the animals were killed up to 30 days later. The graft was then examined histologically and comparisons made with untransplanted ICCs and those grafted into the omentum of immunosuppressed pigs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At transplantation, the percentage of cells in the ICCs containing insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, or pancreatic polypeptide was 9+/-1%, 13+/-2%, 9+/-1%, and 3+/-1% respectively. Within 9-30 days of transplantation into the thymus, the percentage of all endocrine cells increased, insulin to 41+/-3%, glucagon to 43+/-6%, somatostatin to 26+/-4%, and pancreatic polypeptide to 9+/-3%. There was co-localization of more than one hormone in some cells. Omental grafts contained a similar percentage of insulin and glucagon-containing cells, but significantly fewer somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide-containing cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endocrine cells from the fetal pig pancreas will differentiate when transplanted into the thymus gland of the pig, making this a suitable site for grafting ICCs to test their ability to normalize blood glucose levels of diabetic recipients.
authors.affiliation: Pancreas Transplant Group, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. b.tuch@unsw.edu.au
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Tuch
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Keogh
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Deol
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Roach
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Pinto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D017690:Cell Transplantation; D004702:Endocrine Glands / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology*; D016332:Fetal Tissue Transplantation; D005333:Fetus / Q000166:cytology*; D007267:Injections; D013552:Swine / Q000196:embryology; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous