title: Cost-effectiveness of donepezil in the treatment of mild or moderate Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate the use of cost-effectiveness analysis to assess the economic impact of donepezil in the treatment of mild or moderate AD.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Cost-effectiveness analyses show the relationship between resources used (costs) and health benefits achieved (effects) for an intervention compared with an alternative strategy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We developed a model to estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness of donepezil compared with no treatment. We determined costs per quality-adjusted life-years gained, a measurement that enhances the comparability of diverse studies. The model projects the progression of AD patients into more severe disease stages and into nursing homes. Data from a randomized clinical trial of donepezil were used to assess the drug's impact on the 6-week probabilities of progression. Data on the costs and health-related quality of life associated with different disease stages and settings were taken from published estimates and our companion cross-sectional study, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Donepezil costs are partially offset by a reduction in the costs of care due to enhancement in cognitive functioning and the delay to more costly disease stages and settings. The magnitude of this cost offset and of the effect of donepezil on health-related quality of life depends on the model's assumptions about the duration of the drug effect, where controlled data are lacking. If the drug effect exceeds 2 years, the model predicts that for mild AD the drug would pay for itself in terms of cost offsets.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the cost-effectiveness model presented here suggest that donepezil may be cost-effective but additional controlled data on long-term drug efficacy are needed.
authors.affiliation: Program on the Economic Evaluation of Medical Technology, Center for Risk Analysis, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. pneumann@hsph.harvard.edu
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Hermann
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kuntz
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Araki
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Duff
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leon
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Berenbaum
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Goldman
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Weinstein
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D018450:Disease Progression; D000077265:Donepezil; D006801:Humans; D007189:Indans / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010880:Piperidines / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011788:Quality of Life
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D007189:Indans; D010880:Piperidines; D000077265:Donepezil