Diet and risk of cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract--II. Nutrients.
In order to examine the risks of cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADC) associated with nutrient intake, a case-control study was conducted in Uruguay in the period of January 1996-December 1997. All patients afflicted with cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, and esophagus, were included in the study. Cases were frequency-matched with hospitalized patients on age, sex, residence, and urban/rural status. A strong positive association with protein intake was observed (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.5-4.4), whereas antioxidants were associated with an inverse association (OR for vitamin C 0.5, 95% CI 0.3-0.8). Non-nutritive substances, like flavonoids displayed a marked reduction in risk of 70%. Possible mechanisms for these findings are discussed.
De Stefani
E
E
Registro Nacional de Cancer, Montevideo Uruguay.
Ronco
A
A
Mendilaharsu
M
M
Deneo-Pellegrini
H
H
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000009:adverse effects; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008903:Minerals; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D010610:Pharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014583:Uruguay / Q000453:epidemiology; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage
D004041:Dietary Fats; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D008903:Minerals; D014815:Vitamins