title: Desktop telemedicine in vascular surgery: some preliminary findings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Surgical specialists have generally underutilized telemedicine technologies. This report describes the use of real-time interactive-video telemedicine to augment the care of vascular surgical patients in underserved rural areas within our region.
  
  
  METHODS
  The telemedicine system at Fletcher-Allen Health Care (FAHC) and the University of Vermont in Burlington utilizes desktop video conferencing technology with terrestrial transmission at 384 kbps. The current system was initiated in January 1996, and there are at present 18 external sites and multiple locations at FAHC, including the vascular laboratory, angiography suites, operating rooms, and the home of one vascular surgeon. During the first 12 months of operation, the vascular surgeons were asked to complete a questionnaire to evaluate the technology and its usefulness in clinical care. The use of the telemedicine system by the vascular surgeons was monitored by the questionnaires, phone bills, and a special "no charge" billing code. Telemedicine events were classified as clinical or educational.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the 26 months since implementation, 107 events have taken place, including both clinical and educational uses. There were 103 clinical uses by three vascular surgeons, including five emergency uses. A joint Vermont-Maine vascular educational conference has taken place four times. Overall, use by vascular surgery represented 14.2% of all telemedicine events in the first year or 30.9% of all clinical events during that time period. Use of telemedicine was reported to have improved patient care in 96% of the cases. Eighty percent of the telemedicine uses in the first year saved patient travel. There were no diagnostic errors, as determined by in-person clinical follow-up, attributable to the telemedicine system use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of a real-time video telemedicine has great potential for vascular surgeons, but cost-effectiveness studies may be needed prior to its widespread adoption.
authors.affiliation: Fletcher-Allen Health Care and the University of Vermont, Division of Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Burlington, Vermont 05401, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ricci
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nutter
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Callas
mesh_terms: D000792:Angiography; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003199:Computer Systems; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004501:Education, Medical; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007753:Laboratories; D008281:Maine; D013677:Medical Laboratory Science; D008507:Medically Underserved Area; D009873:Operating Rooms; D005791:Patient Care; D012423:Rural Health; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013685:Telecommunications; D017216:Telemedicine / Q000295:instrumentation; D014187:Transportation of Patients; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures; D014707:Vermont