title: Testicular germ cells of HIV-seropositive asymptomatic men are infected by the virus.
abstract: In situ PCR hybridization studies in the testis of infected asymptomatic subjects detected the presence of HIV-1 proviral DNA in the nuclei of germ cells at all stages of differentiation suggesting that HIV-seropositive men produce infected spermatozoa that are released in the genital tract. In all subjects studied spermatogenesis was normal, the presence of provirus was not associated with germ cell damage and a very mild local immune response was observed. The HIV hybridization pattern observed in germ cells supports the hypothesis of a clonal infection. It is suggested the possibility of a direct infection of the germ cells by cell-free virus and that the testis might represent a site of early viral localization, well tolerated because of the immune privilege of this organ.
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Medical Embryology, University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Muciaccia
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Filippini
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ziparo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Colelli
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Baroni
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stefanini
mesh_terms: D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D020401:Primed In Situ Labeling; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000166:cytology / Q000821:virology*; D013737:Testis / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*