title: Neuropsychological correlates of apathy and depression in patients with dementia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between apathy and depression, and specific cognitive deficits in AD.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Apathy and depression are frequent behavioral disorders in patients with AD. However, the neuropsychological correlates of these disorders have rarely been examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  A comprehensive neuropsychological and psychiatric evaluation was carried out in 72 patients with AD with apathy and depression, 29 patients with AD with apathy only, 31 patients with AD with depression only, and 52 patients with AD with neither apathy nor depression (control group).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with apathy had significantly lower scores on tests of verbal memory, naming, set shifting, and verbal fluency compared with patients without apathy. The association of depression and apathy produced significantly more severe deficits compared with apathy only on a test of abstract thinking. Finally, depression in the absence of apathy was not associated with more severe cognitive impairments compared with the AD control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Apathy, but not depression, is associated with significantly more severe frontal lobe related cognitive deficits in AD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Raúl Carrea Institute of Neurological Research, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kuzis
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sabe
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tiberti
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dorrego
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Starkstein
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000523:psychology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales