title: G-CSF during Escherichia coli versus Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia in rats has fundamentally different and opposite effects.
abstract: We investigated if bacteria type alters outcome with prophylactic granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) therapy during pneumonia. Rats received G-CSF or placebo daily for 6 d and after the third dose were intrabronchially inoculated with either Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus. Without G-CSF, E. coli and S. aureus produced similar (p = NS) mortality rates (36 versus 38%) and serial changes in mean circulating neutrophil counts (CNC), but differing mean (+/- SE) tumor necrosis factor (TNF) levels (E. coli, 259 +/- 104 versus S. aureus, 51 +/- 17 pg/ml, p = 0.01). G-CSF prior to bacteria increased mean CNC more than six times compared with placebo (p = 0.001). However, with G-CSF in the first 6 h after E. coli, there was a greater than 20-fold decrease in mean (+/- SE) CNC (x 10(3)/ mm3) to below placebo (0.5 +/- 0.1 versus 0.8 +/- 0.1), whereas with G-CSF after S. aureus, there was only a fivefold decrease in mean CNC and CNC were greater than placebo (1.8 +/- 0.2 versus 0.8 +/- 0.1) (E. coli versus S. aureus decrease in CNC with G-CSF, p = 0.001). With E. coli, G-CSF worsened oxygenation and increased bacteremia and mortality, whereas with S. aureus, G-CSF improved oxygenation and decreased bacteremia and mortality (G-CSF therapy, E. coli versus S. aureus, p = 0.03, 0.05, and 0.001, respectively). Thus, during S. aureus pneumonia with low TNF levels, G-CSF increased CNC and bacterial clearance, resulting in less pulmonary injury and decreased death. During E. coli pneumonia with high TNF levels, G-CSF paradoxically decreased CNC, resulting in impaired bacterial clearance and worsened pulmonary injury and death. Bacterial species and the associated inflammatory mediator response can alter outcome with prophylactic G-CSF therapy during pneumonia.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Anesthesiology and Surgical Research, University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; and Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Karzai
authors.forename: B U
authors.initials: BU
authors.lastname: von Specht
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Parent
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Haberstroh
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wollersen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Natanson
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Banks
authors.forename: P Q
authors.initials: PQ
authors.lastname: Eichacker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001158:Arteries; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000628:therapy*; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007958:Leukocyte Count / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000473:pathology; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000628:therapy*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D010100:Oxygen