title: Epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma due to a novel type of keratin mutation, a 3-bp insertion in the keratin 9 helix termination motif.
abstract: Epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma (EPPK) is an autosomal dominant genodermatosis characterized by diffuse keratoderma, typically with an erythematous border. Histologically, palmoplantar epidermis shows suprabasal cytolysis and ultrastructurally, tonofilament aggregation with overlying epidermolytic hyperkeratosis. Mutations in the KRT9 gene, encoding keratin 9 (K9), a cytoskeletal protein expressed exclusively in suprabasal keratinocytes of palmoplantar epidermis, have been reported to cause EPPK. To date, all KRT9 defects reported in EPPK have been missense mutations in exon 1, which encodes the start of the alpha-helical rod domain. However, based on studies of other keratin disorders, it was postulated that mutations at the other end of the rod domain might also produce the EPPK phenotype. Here, we report the first mutation in the 2B domain of KRT9, 1362ins3, leading to an insertion of histidine in the helix termination motif of the K9 polypeptide. Insertional mutations have not been previously described in keratins. The phenotype of this case is similar to EPPK caused by 1A domain mutations, demonstrating that mutations in either of the helix boundary motif sequences of K9 are detrimental to keratin function and keratinocyte structure.
authors.affiliation: Epithelial Genetics Group, Department of Dermatology, Jefferson Medical College, 233 South 10th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Coleman
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Munro
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Uitto
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: McLean
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D006801:Humans; D007633:Keratins / Q000235:genetics*; D007645:Keratoderma, Palmoplantar / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D007633:Keratins