title: Intrapleural administration of cisplatin and etoposide to treat malignant pleural effusions in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To determine the efficacy, toxicity and pharmacokinetics of intrapleural cisplatin (CDDP) and etoposide as a treatment for malignant pleural effusions (MPE) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy patients with MPE associated with NSCLC were enrolled in this study. In 68 patients, a catheter was inserted into the pleural cavity, within 24 h after complete drainage of the pleural effusion, CDDP (80 mg/m2) and etoposide (80 mg/m2) were simultaneously administered successfully via the catheter and the catheter was clamped. Seventy-two hours later, the catheter was unclamped to allow drainage. The catheter was removed when the accumulated intrapleural fluid decreased to 20 ml or less per day.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pharmacokinetic profiles showed high maximum concentrations of CDDP (free form, 88 microg/ml) and etoposide (182. 4 microg/ml) in intrapleural fluids. CDDP did not remain for a long period (free form, beta-phase half-life = 10.51 h) in the fluids, while etoposide persisted for a long period (beta-phase half-life = 62.53 h). The overall response rate was 46.2%, the median survival time 32.3 weeks, the 1-year survival rate 28.7% and the 2-year survival rate 12.8%. The most serious adverse reactions were WHO grade 3 anemia (3 patients), grade 3 nausea and vomiting (17 patients), grade 3 constipation (1 patient), grade 3 pulmonary toxicity (1 patient), grade 4 fever (1 patient), grade 3 infection (1 patient) and grade 3 mental disorder (1 patient).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intrapleural administration of CDDP and etoposide was an effective and acceptable regimen for patients with MPE due to NSCLC.
authors.affiliation: Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Kinki University, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tohda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwanaga
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yana
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawahara
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Negoro
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okishio
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kudoh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukuoka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Furuse
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018287:Carcinoma, Large Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016066:Pleural Effusion, Malignant / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D005047:Etoposide; D002945:Cisplatin