title: Ocular manifestations of equine motor neuron disease.
abstract: The characteristics of the ocular manifestations of equine motor neuron disease (EMND) are described. Forty-two horses with histories, clinical signs and necropsies compatible with EMND were the subjects of this study. Ophthalmoscopic lesions that varied in severity were found in 40 of 42 horses and appeared as a distinct pigmented reticulated pattern at the tapetal-nontapetal junction or throughout the fundus, depending upon severity. The pattern colours ranged from yellow brown to black. Areas of hyperreflectivity formed mosaic patterns in the tapetal fundus. ERG B-wave amplitudes were usually at least 50% reduced and many animals showed extinguished amplitudes. None of the horses had apparent visual impairment. Histopathologically, all 42 horses had retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) congestion with ceroid-lipofuscin. Retinal degeneration was variable even within the eyes. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis of the RPE and neural retina identified both green and orange emitting fluorescent compounds not found in normal horses. All unsupplemented horses had plasma vitamin E levels <1.0 microg/ml. The potential significance of this report is the pathognomonic role the ocular manifestations exhibit in helping to diagnose equine motor neuron disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-6401, USA.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Riis
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rebhun
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Loew
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Summers
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cummings
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Lahunta
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Divers
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mohammed
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002829:Choroid / Q000473:pathology; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D006736:Horses; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D016472:Motor Neuron Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy; D009900:Optic Nerve / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010857:Pigment Epithelium of Eye / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012160:Retina / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012162:Retinal Degeneration / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D014811:Vitamin E Deficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000662:veterinary