title: Organization of recurrent inhibition and facilitation in motoneuron pools innervating dorsiflexors of the cat hindlimb.
abstract: The incidence of recurrent inhibition and facilitation in motor nuclei innervating the dorsiflexors of the ankle and digits was examined in spinalized, decerebrate cats. Motoneurons innervating the anterior and posterior portions of the tibialis anterior (TAa and TAp, respectively) received strong recurrent inhibition following stimulation of either of the homonymous muscle nerves. Both motoneuron species received substantial recurrent inhibition from the semitendinosus (St), but stimulation of the nerve to the extensor digitorum longus (EDL), an ankle flexor synergist, evoked smaller recurrent IPSPs. TA motoneurons received mainly facilitation from hindlimb extensors of the hip and ankle. Motoneurons of the EDL and extensor digitorum brevis (EDB), synergists which share mechanical action at the metatarsophalangeal joint and the digits, received little recurrent inhibition in response to stimulation of the nerve to either muscle. Overall, stimulation of heteronymous flexor nerves (including TAa, TAp, and St) failed to evoke responses in most of the EDB and EDL neurons tested (50-83%), and the amplitude of recurrent inhibitory responses was small. Recurrent facilitation from the extensors was more common in these motor nuclei. Most responses recorded in EDB motoneurons following either flexor or extensor nerve stimulation were recurrent facilitations. The sensitivity of this facilitation in EDB motoneurons to injection of polarizing current and its central latency indicate that it is mediated by a disinhibitory, trisynaptic pathway. Stimulation of the nerve to EDB produced recurrent IPSPs in some flexor motoneurons, but these potentials were infrequent and their amplitude was usually small. Based on a comparison of the distribution of recurrent inhibition to published reports of the activities of TAa, TAp, EDL, and EDB during different forms of locomotion, we conclude that recurrent inhibition is large for motor nuclei that exhibit stereotypical activity, while motor nuclei that are activated independently receive and produce little recurrent inhibition. Despite the absence of recurrent inhibition in some motor nuclei, recurrent circuits may still participate in their control through disinhibitory, facilitatory mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA.
authors.forename: T V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Trank
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Turkin
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Hamm
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000502:physiology; D008124:Locomotion / Q000502:physiology*; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology*; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000502:physiology*; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D013126:Spinal Nerve Roots / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology