title: Lymphocytes delay kinetics of HSV-1 reactivation from in vitro explants of latent infected trigeminal ganglia.
abstract: A persistent immune response to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is evidenced by the expression of cytokine transcripts along with infiltrating mononuclear cells in the ganglia of latently infected mice. In trigeminal ganglion (TG) explant co-cultures, the presence of nonirradiated or irradiated primed splenocytes significantly reduced HSV-1 reactivation as defined by secreted infectious HSV-1 found in the supernatants of TG explant cultures. Primed splenocytes depleted of CD4+ or CD8+ cells did not antagonize HSV-1 reactivation. Cytokines including interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12 were all detected in the TG explant cultures containing splenocytes. To further study the role of cytokines in HSV-1 reactivation, dissociated TG cell cultures were treated with exogenous recombinant cytokines including IFN-alpha or -gamma, IL-4, 6, 10, 12 or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha at concentrations ranging from 2.0 pg to 2.0 ng/culture (or 0.3-300 units/culture for the IFNs). While no cytokines tested at any concentration significantly modified HSV-1 reactivation, neutralizing antibody to IL-6, but not to IFN-alpha/beta, significantly antagonized HSV-1 reactivation. Collectively, the results suggest that IL-6 is directly or indirectly involved in HSV-1 reactivation in TG explant cultures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, LSU Medical Center, New Orleans, LA 70112-1393, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Noisakran
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Carr
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000494:pharmacology; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000821:virology*; D016827:CD8 Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000821:virology*; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D005260:Female; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000276:immunology*; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000276:immunology*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D007700:Kinetics; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D012008:Recurrence; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D012668:Trigeminal Ganglion / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D014709:Vero Cells
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D015704:CD4 Antigens; D016827:CD8 Antigens; D007376:Interleukin-2; D015850:Interleukin-6; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016753:Interleukin-10; D018664:Interleukin-12