Labeling theory and community care of the mentally ill in California: the relationship of social theory and ideology to public policy.
The practical merit of a labeling theory approach to mental illness is examined and assessed through an exploration of its application in terms of public policy, i.e., community mental health policy in the state of California since 1968. Primary focus is placed on the impact of the deinstitutionalization of mental health services in that state, and the release of former mental patients into the community. Similarities in the fundamental ideological underpinnings of labeling theory, an associated conspiratorial model of mental illness, and contemporary California mental health policy, are presented and examples of policy input by labeling theorists and researchers are detailed. The impact of the California policy on the mentally ill is generally negatively assessed in terms of three major criteria: (1) rehabilitation; (2) reintegration; and (3) quality and continuity of care. The "translation" of several theoretical misconceptions regarding mental illness, caused by putting labeling theory into official policy, is suggested to lie at the root of many of the policy's implementation problems. The uses of social science theory and research are discussed, and caution is advised in the translation and application of social scientific theory and research to public policy proposals and programs.
D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002140:California; D003156:Community Mental Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D003266:Continuity of Patient Care; D003688:Deinstitutionalization; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000145:classification* / Q000209:etiology; D008960:Models, Psychological; D011582:Psychological Theory; D011787:Quality of Health Care