title: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of hydroxyethyl starch in hypovolemic pigs; a comparison of peripheral and intraosseous infusion.
abstract: Intraosseous (i.o.) infusion is considered a useful technique for the administration of medications and fluids in emergency situations when peripheral intravascular access is not possible. This study investigated the effectiveness of i.o. versus intravenous (i.v.) infusion of hydroxyethyl starch (HES 200/0.5) in hypovolemic pigs. Twenty-three pigs (8- to 9-week-old) were anaesthesized, instrumented and blood was withdrawn (25-30 ml/kg) to < 50 mmHg mean arterial pressure (MAP). The animals were left untreated in haemorrhage for 30 min. Relevant haemodynamic parameters were monitored and blood samples were collected for blood gas and HES concentration analysis. Infusion of HES via i.v. or i.o. line (20 ml/kg per h) carried out over a period of 30 min for volume resuscitation and measurements were taken every 5 min. Infusion was discontinued after 30 min and the animals were monitored for 1 h. Analysis of HES-pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics revealed no significant differences between i.o. and the i.v. administration. The results demonstrate i.o. infusion of HES to be a rapid and effective method for fluid resuscitation in hypovolemic shock.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017148:Infusions, Intraosseous; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D010952:Plasma Substitutes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000379:methods*; D012769:Shock / Q000628:therapy*; D013552:Swine