title: A phase I trial of the pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and activity of KNI-272, an inhibitor of HIV-1 protease, in patients with AIDS or symptomatic HIV infection.
abstract: The pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and activity of KNI-272, a transition state inhibitor of HIV-1 protease, was assessed in a phase I trial. After an initial phase in which the pharmacokinetics were assessed, 37 patients with AIDS or symptomatic HIV infection and 100-400 CD4 cells/mm3 were entered in an escalating dose study. KNI-272 was administered four times daily for up to 12 weeks. Oral bioavailability ranged from 22 to 55% and was not appreciably different in the fasting and post-prandial state. The dose limiting toxicity was hepatic transaminase elevation; this could be reduced by escalating the dose over 4 weeks. When administered this way, the maximum tolerated oral dose was 40 mg/kg per day. At the highest two tolerated doses (26.4 and 40 mg/kg per day), there was some evidence of an anti-HIV effect with median decreases of 0.2-0.3 log10 copies/ml plasma HIV RNA; these decreases persisted through 7-8 weeks of treatment. There was an upward trend in the CD4 count at the 40 mg/kg per day dose but not at other doses. Additional studies focused on approaches to improve the therapeutic index of KNI-272 may be warranted.
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood