title: [Physical examination and palpation findings of mammary glands and indications of udder health in goat milk].
abstract: In dairy goats there is less evidence for relationships between udder form traits, results of physical udder examinations and mastitis indicators in the milk than in dairy cows. In 413 goats (predominantly Weisse Deutsche Edelziege and Bunte Deutsche Edelziege) from five herds (free from C.A.E.) repeated investigations of 2537 udder halves and fore milk samples were carried out in order to compare udder traits with findings in the milk. Less than 20% positive bacteriological findings and a low incidence of clinical mastitis testified a good clinical udder health status of the herds. Small teat-floor distances, loose hanging of the udders and bottle-shaped teats, findings which tended to become more frequent as lactation and lactation numbers progressed, indurative alterations of the mammary tissues and the teats tended to be connected with higher milk cell counts (> 1 million/microliter), more polymorphonuclear milk cells (> 40%), higher electrical milk conductivity (> 6.8 mS/cm) and lower milk lactose content (< 4.6%). A similar effect had a bad state of foot trimming. It is proposed to include the studied udder traits into herd health programs and breeding schemes for goats.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002452:Cell Count; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D005260:Female; D006041:Goats; D007785:Lactose / Q000032:analysis; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000166:cytology; D010173:Palpation / Q000662:veterinary; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000662:veterinary