title: Outcomes of universal antenatal screening for haemoglobinopathies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate universal antenatal screening for haemoglobinopathies.
  
  
  METHODS
  District general hospital serving a London borough with 45% ethnic minorities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study of 1444 women referred in 1688 pregnancies and 95 tertiary referrals during 101 pregnancies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Unselected women at risk for sickle cell disease booked 2.7 weeks (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.14 to 5.1) later in gestation than those at risk for beta thalassaemia were less likely to attend counselling (83% v 93%, relative risk (RR) 0.89; 95% CI 0.85 to 0.94), their partners were less likely to be tested (77% v 95%, RR 0.81; 0.77 to 0.83), and they were less likely to accept prenatal diagnosis (22% v 90%, RR 0.37; 0.24 to 0.57). Over 99% of tertiary referrals attended counselling and had their partners tested. There were no significant differences in acceptance of prenatal diagnosis between those at risk of sickle cell disease and beta thalassaemia (55% v 67%). Unselected women at risk of sickle cell disease were significantly less likely to have their partner tested or to accept prenatal diagnosis than tertiary referrals, but not those at risk of beta thalassaemia. 80% of beta thalassaemia and 16% of SS births were prevented.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Uptake of prenatal diagnosis among unselected women at risk of beta thalassaemia is similar to that reported by tertiary centres. It is considerably lower for sickle cell disease but could increase considerably if screening occurred earlier in gestation. Acceptance of counselling is universally high, suggesting that informed choices are made, and indicating a need to measure these outcomes for cost effectiveness studies.
mesh_terms: D000028:Abortion, Induced; D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous; D000755:Anemia, Sickle Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000196:embryology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005260:Female; D005817:Genetic Counseling; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008131:London; D008403:Mass Screening; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D017086:beta-Thalassemia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000196:embryology