title: Escaping from the dual organization: physician self-governance.
abstract: This article discusses a way of coping, in a time of limited resources, with the dual organization problem in hospitals. First, the historical roots of the dual organization problem are analysed. It is ascertained that the power structure within the hospital crucially depends on the socioeconomic circumstances and the state of medical knowledge. Since the health care systems of most industrialized countries are in transition from a stage of rapid expansion into a stage of consolidation, new problems arise which cannot be adequately handled within the context of the dual organization structure. The crux of the dual organization problem lies in the separation of the related responsibilities for resource allocation and patient care. Most proposals to solve this problem try to develop models of shared authority, which may be elegant in theory but often raise tremendous problems when implemented in practice. A straightforward solution would be the reunion of both responsibilities under one head, the physician-executive. It is argued that in a situation of limited funds for medical care, patients, physicians as well as administrators will be best off when physicians become primarily responsible for the resource allocation within the hospital. Some empirical evidence for this supposition is discussed. Finally, attention is paid to the prerequisites for, and implementation of, physician self-governance.
mesh_terms: D005060:Europe; D005161:Facility Regulation and Control / Q000266:history*; D049669:History, 16th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049691:History, Medieval; D006739:Hospital Administration / Q000266:history*; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital / Q000266:history*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009656:North America; D008486:Physician Executives; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors