Is nurse-supervised exercise stress testing safe practice?
OBJECTIVE
Nurses have been performing exercise stress tests (EST) without medical supervision since 1978 in our hospital-based cardiac rehabilitation unit. This study was conducted to examine the incidence of cardiovascular complications and to describe the competency-based training program for the nurses performing the EST.


METHODS
Descriptive, retrospective audit of prospective data.


METHODS
Single comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation center in a large tertiary referral hospital in western Sydney, Australia.


METHODS
Seventeen thousand, four hundred and sixty-seven patients were included in this study over a 12-year period.


METHODS
Data were collected on all ESTs performed by the cardiac rehabilitation nurses from January 1986 to December 1997 in relation to serious cardiovascular complications and other EST parameters.


RESULTS
In this study, 17,467 ESTs were performed on 5054 patients who had 6273 separate presentations. The most common entry diagnosis was after an acute myocardial infarction (50%). The mean age was 58 +/- 10.5 years (range 15 to 87 years; 80% male). The left ventricular ejection fraction (n = 2822) was 49% +/- 14%. In a subgroup analysis of 14,454 patients, 14% had a positive EST (ST segment >1.9 mm depression). There were no deaths associated with the EST, and there were 13 major complications in 12 patients. This figure included no cardiac arrests, 11 episodes of conscious sustained ventricular tachycardia, 1 reinfarction, and 1 mitral valve rupture, representing a 0% mortality rate and a 0.075% major morbidity rate.


CONCLUSIONS
This study shows that nurse-supervised EST of higher risk patients in the hospital-based cardiac rehabilitation setting has been a safe practice from a mortality and morbidity rate perspective. This finding may be accounted for by the high training standard and reaccreditation of the nurses on the advanced practice of performing EST.
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000451:nursing*; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009017:Morbidity; D009026:Mortality; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D009517:New South Wales / Q000453:epidemiology; D009731:Nursing Audit; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012308:Risk Management