title: [Emphysematous pyelonephritis: apropos of 4 cases].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The propose of this study was to describe the imaging findings in four patients with emphysematous pyelonephritis and to perform a review of the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four cases of emphysematous pyelonephritis are presented. US and CT examinations were available for all patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gas within the kidney may be diagnosed by plain film or rarely by ultrasound, but its location and its extent are best evaluated by CT. A review of the literature shows that emphysematous pyelonephritis is a rare and life-threatening infection typically occurring in diabetic patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CT is useful for diagnosing emphysematous pyelonephritis, especially when symptoms fail to resolve promptly with medical therapy.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001437:Bacteriuria / Q000382:microbiology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D004646:Emphysema / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000382:microbiology; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000150:complications; D008875:Middle Aged; D011704:Pyelonephritis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000382:microbiology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014463:Ultrasonography