title: Cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES): a safe and effective low cost means of anxiety control in a dental practice.
abstract: A double-blind placebo-controlled study was performed on 33 randomly selected dental patients to evaluate whether cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) is a viable procedure for reducing anxiety during routine dental procedures. The active CES treatment group was significantly less anxious than the placebo group at the conclusion of various dental procedures.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D016854:Dental Anxiety / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged