title: [Comparative study of pure epidermoid carcinoma of the bladder and transitional cell carcinoma with squamous or mixed differentiated foci].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The epidermoid bladder carcinoma is an infrequent tumour in our environment accounting for 5-8% of total vesical tumours, but is not so uncommon to find foci of squamous differentiation within a transitional carcinoma. We conducted a comparative study between these two histologic forms and analyzed the pattern of their clinical behaviour.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study on a total of 32 cases of epidermoid carcinoma diagnosed between 1986-1996 that following histological confirmation were divided into two groups; plain epidermoid carcinoma (PEC), 11 cases; and transitional carcinoma with foci of squamous differentiation (MEC), 19 cases. After further review 2 cases were excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PEC appears in older patients. Both tumoral forms are more frequent in males, the male/female ratio being lower in PEC. Presence of irritative factors is significantly associated to PEC (P < 0.01) and smoking to MEC. Presentation signs are similar in both groups, and haematuria is the most frequent sign. Most usual location in both groups was the trigone, which caused uni/bilateral hydronephrosis in over 50% patients. At the time of diagnosis all PECs were invasive versus only 86% in the MEC group.
  
  
  METHODS
  PEC group underwent the following procedures: 4 radical cystectomies, 2 cystectomies plus radiotherapy, 3 palliative TUR and 2 TUR with radiotherapy. In the MEC group there were 3 radical cystectomies, 2 cystectomies plus radiotherapy, 1 cystectomy with previous chemotherapy, 8 palliative TUR, 2 TUR with endovesical chemotherapy, 1 TUR with systemic chemotherapy, 1 TUR with radiotherapy and 1 systemic chemotherapy. Mean survival was 12.5 months (0-43) in PEC and 26.55 (0-96) in MEC. Disease-free time in PEC and MEC was 5 months (0-37) and 10.25 (0-70) respectively. Only one patient achieved 5-year survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Epidermoid carcinoma both plain and mixed is an aggressive tumour with poor prognosis and short survival. 100% PECs in our series are invasive at diagnosis, and no statistically significant differences were found in survival and disease-free time between both histological variants. Cystectomy remains the choice therapy.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*