title: An open-system approach to evaluating the effectiveness of hospital emergency departments.
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003159:Community-Institutional Relations; D003258:Consumer Behavior; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D014481:United States