title: The mucosal adhesion receptor alpha4beta7 integrin is selectively increased in lymphocytes stimulated with beta-lactoglobulin in children allergic to cow's milk.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been shown in mice that the integrin alpha4beta7 directs the migration of memory T cells into the gut-associated lymphoid tissue. However, little is known about T-cell homing mechanisms in children with food allergies.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the expression of this and other integrins in children with different manifestations of cow's milk allergy (urticaria, atopic dermatitis, and wheezing).
  
  
  METHODS
  PBMCs were stimulated with beta-lactoglobulin, 1 of the major allergenic proteins in cow's milk, and tetanus toxoid. Integrin expression was studied by flow cytometric analysis after 1 week of culture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found significantly higher expression of the alpha4beta7 integrin in cells from patients compared with control subjects with no allergies (P =. 005) when beta-lactoglobulin was used to stimulate the cells. alpha4beta7 integrin was also expressed at significantly higher levels in beta-lactoglobulin-stimulated cells than in tetanus toxoid-stimulated cells (P =.005). The alphaEbeta7 and the alpha4beta1 integrins were not upregulated by allergen stimulation. Most alpha4beta7 integrin-expressing cells were identified as CD4(+) T cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show that alpha4beta7 integrin expression after stimulation with beta-lactoglobulin correlates with the presumptive site of cow's milk sensitization (ie, the gut-associated lymphoid tissue but not with the site of symptoms of cow's milk allergy).
mesh_terms: D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005453:Fluorescence; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016023:Integrins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D019041:L-Selectin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007782:Lactoglobulins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D016269:Milk Hypersensitivity / Q000097:blood*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors