Doppler velocimetry in the fetus with a single umbilical artery.
OBJECTIVE
To study Doppler velocimetry in fetuses with a single umbilical artery (SUA) as compared to normal.


METHODS
Private and clinic patients were referred to a perinatal center: 45 with SUA and 124 randomly selected fetuses with a three-vessel cord were studied from 18 to 41 weeks' gestation. Color Doppler flow and energy were utilized to evaluate the umbilical arteries at the fetal abdominal wall as well as the course around the bladder. In addition to Doppler velocimetry, an anatomic survey, estimated fetal weight (EFW) and amniotic fluid index (AFI) were assessed at each examination.


RESULTS
Doppler velocimetry in SUA demonstrated indices in the normal range but lower than in normal cords from 26 weeks until near term. Anatomic anomalies were found in 8.9% of SUA as compared to 4.8% for three-vessel cords. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) was seen in four cases of SUA and none in the control group. EFW and AFI for both groups were virtually identical.


CONCLUSIONS
SUA cords theoretically carry a normal blood volume, and the decreased resistance to flow and larger arterial diameter allow this to occur. Anomalies and IUGR are elevated in infants with SUA. Overall, EFW and AFI were the same in both groups of patients.
D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000150:complications; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D012212:Rheology; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014469:Umbilical Arteries / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014655:Vascular Resistance