title: Surfactant treatment for acute respiratory distress syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine prospectively the efficacy of surfactant in acute respiratory distress syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients, 1 month to 16 years of age, diagnosed with an acute pulmonary disease with severe hypoxaemia (PaO2/FiO2 < 100) (13 with systemic or pulmonary disease and seven with cardiac disease) were treated with one to six doses of 50-200 mg/kg of porcine surfactant administered directly into the trachea. The surfactant was considered to be effective when the PaO2/FiO2 improved by > 20%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After initial surfactant administration the PaO2/FiO2 increased significantly in patients with systemic or pulmonary disease from 68 to 111, and the oxygenation index (OI) diminished significantly from 36.9 to 27.1. The PaO2/FiO2 and OI did not improve in children with cardiac disease. The improvement of the patients who survived was greater than that of those who died.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surfactant moderately improves oxygenation in some children with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to pulmonary or systemic disease.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001688:Biological Products; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010743:Phospholipids; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012127:Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric