Adequacy of standards for assessment of growth and nutritional status in infancy and early childhood.
BACKGROUND
New "UK 1990" data have been proposed for assessing growth and nutritional status in infancy and childhood. These are still largely untried in clinical practice. There is also doubt about the applicability of more traditional reference data, which are still widely used, in assessing length, weight, skinfold thicknesses, and head circumference.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the suitability of new and traditional reference data for the assessment of growth and nutritional status in infancy and early childhood.


METHODS
127 infants were recruited at birth and assessed monthly to 6 months of age then at 9, 12, 18, and 24 months. Length, weight, head circumference, and triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses were measured. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Measurements were expressed as standard deviation scores relative to "revised UK 1990" data for weight, length, head circumference and BMI; relative to Tanner-Whitehouse data for skinfold thicknesses; and relative to Gairdner-Pearson standards for head circumference. Agreement at the extremes of the distribution was assessed by comparison of observed and expected frequencies above the 90th and below the 10th centile.


RESULTS
Compared with the revised UK 1990 references small differences were found for weight, length, head circumference, and BMI. Mean head circumference exceeded Gairdner-Pearson standards at all ages. Triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses were substantially below Tanner-Whitehouse reference data at all ages and in both sexes.


CONCLUSIONS
Biases in revised UK 1990 reference data are small and not clinically important. The new standards are considerably more appropriate than older reference data. Use of older reference data for head circumference and skinfold thicknesses is inappropriate.
D001827:Body Height; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002508:Cephalometry; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006128:Growth; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009752:Nutritional Status; D012015:Reference Standards; D012885:Skinfold Thickness; D006113:United Kingdom