title: Resistance to passive shoulder external rotation in persons with hemiplegia: evaluation of an assessment system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the LIDO Active System's reliability and validity in measuring resistance to passive external rotation (RPER) of the shoulder in subjects who have sustained a cerebrovascular accident (CVA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty hemiplegic subjects, between the ages of 38 and 78 yrs, participated in the study; 14 agreed to be tested on two occasions, for the reliability phase of the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  RPER, measured by the LIDO Active system; tone in the internal rotator musculature, measured by the Ashworth Scale; and shoulder external rotation range of motion, measured by a standard goniometer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Test-retest reliability of RPER measured on the LIDO system was demonstrated with intraclass correlation coefficients of .95 and .67 on the affected and nonaffected limb, respectively. Differences in RPER between the affected and nonaffected limb were significant (p<.01) and RPER on the affected limb correlated significantly with Ashworth measures of muscle tone (Spearman's rho = .62).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The LIDO Active System provided reliable and valid measures of RPER of the shoulder in hemiplegic subjects. The LIDO system may be a useful device for objective measurement of the effectiveness of medical and rehabilitation interventions designed to bring muscle tone into the normal range and decrease contracture in the shoulder musculature.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006429:Hemiplegia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012046:Rehabilitation / Q000295:instrumentation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012399:Rotation; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*