title: Fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery MR imaging in acute and subacute cerebral intraventricular hemorrhage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (FLAIR) MR imaging may show subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) with high sensitivity. We hypothesized that the FLAIR technique is effective and reliable in the diagnosis of cerebral intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH).
  
  
  METHODS
  Two observers evaluated the 1.5-T MR fast spin-echo FLAIR images, T1- and T2-weighted MR images, and CT scans of 13 patients with IVH and the FLAIR images of 40 control subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IVH appeared bright on the FLAIR images obtained during the first 48 hours and was of variable appearance at later stages. FLAIR MR imaging detected 12 of 13 cases of IVH; no control subjects were falsely thought to have IVH (92% sensitivity, 100% specificity). However, IVH could not be fully excluded in the third ventricle (20%, n = 8) or in the fourth ventricle (28%, n = 11) on some control images because of CSF pulsation artifacts. Two cases had CT-negative IVH seen on FLAIR images. One case had FLAIR-negative IVH seen by CT. Although the sensitivities of conventional MR imaging (92%) and CT (85%) were also high, FLAIR imaging showed IVH more conspicuously than did standard MR imaging and CT in 62% of the cases (n = 8). FLAIR was as good as or better than CT in showing IVH in 10 cases (77%). FLAIR images showed all coexisting SAH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FLAIR MR imaging identifies acute and subacute IVH in the lateral ventricles with high sensitivity and specificity. In cases of subacute IVH, conventional MR imaging complements FLAIR in detecting IVH. The usefulness of the FLAIR technique for detecting third and fourth ventricular IVH may be compromised by artifacts. Blood hemoglobin degradation most likely causes the variable FLAIR appearance of IVH after the first 48 hours.
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016477:Artifacts; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000473:pathology*; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed