title: Aggressive surgical resection for hepatic metastases involving the inferior vena cava.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The implications of aggressive surgical approaches for hepatic metastases involving the inferior vena cava (IVC) have not been clarified yet. The aim of this study is to assess the preliminary results of aggressive surgical resection for hepatic metastases involving the IVC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen patients with hepatic metastases involving the IVC underwent surgical resections with the repair and reconstruction of the IVC: patch repair in 2 and ringed Goretex in 1, primary closure in 13 patients. Hepatic metastases were from colorectal cancer in 14, stomach cancer in 1, and uterine cancer in 1 patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vascular control utilized for resecting the IVC were total hepatic vascular exclusion in 8, hypothermic isolated hepatic perfusion in 3, and side clamp in 5 patients. The combined IVC resection with hepatectomy in 16 patients brought about 25% and 6% surgical morbidity and mortality rates, respectively. Survival rates following surgical resections were 64%, 33%, 33%, 22%, 22% for 14 patients of colorectal metastases involving the IVC as compared with 82%, 58%, 41%, 37%, 27% at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 years, respectively, for 154 patients of colorectal metastases not involving the IVC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hepatic metastases involving the IVC could be safely resected without an increase in surgical risk. Aggressive surgical approaches might bring about a favorable outcome in select patients with colorectal hepatic metastases involving the IVC.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009017:Morbidity; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000379:methods; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*