title: K-ras mutations in tissue and stool samples from patients with pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  K-ras oncogene is the most promising molecular marker of pancreatic cancer. However, the incidence of single and combined K-ras mutations in stool and pancreatic tissue is unknown, and it is not clear whether detection of the K-ras oncogene in stool could be employed in screening tests.
  
  
  METHODS
  Stool and pancreatic tissue of patients with ductal adenocarcinoma (n = 36), cystadenocarcinoma (n = 1), periampullary carcinoma (n = 7), endocrine tumour (n = 2) and chronic pancreatitis (CP, n = 5) were analysed for mutated K-ras sequences prospectively. DNA of stool and pancreatic tissue was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and K-ras status was analysed by hybridisation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  K-ras mutations were detected in the pancreatic tissue of 28 patients with ductal adenocarcinoma (78%), in 1 patient with cystadenocarcinoma, in 1 patient with periampullary carcinoma (14%) and in 1 patient with CP (20%). In 1 patient with an endocrine tumour, no K-ras mutations were diagnosed. K-ras mutations were detected in stool in 7 patients with ductal adenocarcinoma (20%), in 1 patient with cystadenocarcinoma and in 2 patients with CP (40%). Sensitivity of K-ras mutations for pancreatic cancer was 78% in tissue and 20% in stool.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  K-ras mutations lack specificity to discriminate malignant pancreatic disease from chronic inflammation in tissue and stool.
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics; D014670:Ampulla of Vater / Q000473:pathology; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D018395:CA-19-9 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000235:genetics; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003138:Common Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics; D003536:Cystadenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D011905:Genes, ras / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D010179:Pancreas / Q000378:metabolism*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000235:genetics*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity