title: Proximal bile duct stricture disguised as malignant neoplasm.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Discrimination of malignant proximal bile duct (PBD) stricture from a benign lesion is difficult with nonsurgical methods; indeed, 8% to 13% of PBD strictures prove to be benign after histologic examination of the surgically resected specimen.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a 7-year period 178 patients with PBD stricture were admitted, and 99 of them underwent radical resection for presumably malignant lesions. In 14 of these patients the stenotic lesions were proved to be benign by postoperative histologic assessment. We reviewed these patients retrospectively by collecting data from their charts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preoperative radiologic findings including cholangiography and angiography were compatible with malignancy in all 14 patients. Preoperative histologic studies suggested malignancy in 2 of 8 examined. Findings at laparotomy could not allow differentiation between malignant and benign lesions in any of the patients and strongly suggested malignancy in 3. Histologic examination of the resected specimens revealed extensive fibrosis with inflammatory cellular infiltration in all patients. There was 1 episode of significant morbidity postoperatively (transient cholangitis) but no mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Benign PBD strictures, although rare, are usually indistinguishable from malignant PBD strictures by preoperative or perioperative investigation. Given the minimal morbidity, all PBD strictures should be presumed malignant and managed accordingly, even at the risk of overtreating some benign cases.
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged