title: [The persistence of the left vena cava superior and the absence of the right vena cava superior: the implications in the implantation of a definitive pacemaker].
abstract: Persistent left superior vena cava and associated absence of the right superior vena cava is exceedingly rare. The authors present a case, diagnosed when a DDD pacemaker system was being implanted, and point out its rarity, possibility of diagnosis by non invasive methods and technical implications in transvenous electrode implantation.
authors.affiliation: Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospital da Sra. da Oliveira, Guimarães.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sanfins
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lourenço
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gonçalo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Almeida
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004452:Echocardiography; D004562:Electrocardiography; D006327:Heart Block / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014683:Vena Cava, Superior / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology