title: Patient characteristics associated with vasectomy reversal.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  More than 30 million couples throughout the world are using vasectomy as a method of birth control. It is estimated that up to 6% of men who undergo voluntary sterilization will eventually request reversal, despite the high cost and relatively low success rate of the procedure. We identified characteristics that predict which vasectomy patients may request reversal. We also examined the cost and effectiveness of pre-vasectomy sperm cryopreservation followed by intrauterine insemination as an alternative method of achieving pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed medical charts of 365 patients who underwent vasectomy and 290 who underwent vasectomy reversal between 1990 and 1997. Data were collected on patient age at the time of vasectomy, religion, occupation, wife employment status, number of marriages, number of children, reason for reversal, and number of years between vasectomy and reversal. Based on previously reported values, pregnancy rates and cost per successful pregnancy were estimated for vasectomy reversal surgery, and compared with a calculated cost per pregnancy for sperm cryopreservation and intrauterine insemination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patient factors significantly associated with increased vasectomy reversal included younger age at time of vasectomy (p < 0.001) and a wife who worked outside the home (p < 0.001). Vasectomy reversal occurred 12.5 times more often (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.6 to 20.7) in men who underwent vasectomy in their 20s than in men who were older. Men whose wives were not employed requested reversal 0.48 times as often (95% CI 0.33 to 0.71) as those whose wives worked. Men who were younger at vasectomy tended to wait longer before reversal (median 10 years) than other patients (p < 0.001). At 10 years our calculated pregnancy rates and cost per pregnancy were 44% and $12,727 for vasectomy reversal, and 41% and $9,512 for intrauterine insemination with banked sperm (3 attempts).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients who requested vasectomy reversal most often chose voluntary sterilization at a younger age. We believe that younger men should be given better pre-vasectomy counseling. However, the success rate and cost-effectiveness of sperm cryopreservation before vasectomy, with subsequent intrauterine insemination, may make this nonsurgical alternative desirable for younger couples who choose vasectomy even when properly informed about reversal rates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44195, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Potts
authors.forename: F F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Pasqualotto
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agarwal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D013074:Sperm Banks; D014669:Vasovasostomy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*