title: Localized sinus inflammation in a rabbit sinusitis model induced by Bacteroides fragilis is accompanied by rigorous immune responses.
abstract: We evaluated inflammatory and immune responses against Bacteroides fragilis in a rabbit sinusitis model. Bacteroides was inoculated into the left maxillary sinus, and inflammatory (histology, cell number/cytology, lactose dehydrogenase, and apoptosis) and immune responses in the sinus, airway, and peripheral blood (PB) were determined for up to 4 weeks. In the inflamed sinus, the lactose dehydrogenase level was markedly elevated, with neutrophilic infiltration, severe tissue inflammation, and increased apoptosis. Low-grade tissue inflammation was present in the contralateral and sham-operated sinuses, but other parameters remained unchanged, and so did those in the airway and PB in the inoculated rabbits. Serum IgG antibody levels increased rapidly, were highest at 3 weeks, and began to decline at 4 weeks. Cellular immune responses (proliferation and interferon-gamma mRNA expression) against Bacteroides were detected in the PB of all inoculated rabbits. Vigorous immune responses against Bacteroides may have localized but failed to terminate inflammation in the sinus, indicating importance of microenvironmental factors.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pediatrics and Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jyonouchi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Roche
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Kajander
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Germaine
authors.forename: F L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Rimell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis*; D000917:Antibody Formation; D001442:Bacteroides Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D001441:Bacteroides fragilis / Q000276:immunology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D011817:Rabbits; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D007074:Immunoglobulin G