title: Interrelations of opioids with monoamines in descending inhibition of nociceptive transmission at the spinal level: an immunocytochemical study.
abstract: This study was designed to reexamine a previous proposal of whether the opioid-like substances (OLS) being acting mainly as an intrinsic spinal mediator in the descending inhibition of nociception of the bulbospinally projecting NE-ergic, and/or 5-HT-ergic terminals in the dorsal horn by using an immunocytochemical method. The effects of intrathecal (i.t.) phentolamine (Ph), cyproheptadine (Cyp), and naloxone (Nal), administered separately or coadministered by two of them, on the expression of Fos-like-immunoreactive (FLI) neurons were observed on both sides of the lumbar dorsal horn of rats, in which equal volumes of formalin were injected into two hindpaws and the ipsilateral dorsolateral funiculus (DLF) was transected at the thoracic level antecedently. The results showed: (1) when rats were pretreated with i.t. saline, the number of nociceptive FLI neurons was significantly lowered 44% (p<0.01) on the side of the lumbar dorsal horn with intact DLF compared to the opposite side with sectioned DLF; (2) when rats were separately pretreated with i.t. Ph, Cyp and Nal, the reduction of FLI neurons on the DLF-intact side were decreased by 27% (p<0.01), 21% (p<0.01), and 25% (p<0.01), respectively; (3) when rats were pretreated with combined i.t. Ph+Cyp, the reduction on the intact side was eliminated almost completely (4%); (4) when rats were pretreated with combined i.t. Ph+Nal, the reduction on the intact side was 21% (p<0.01); and (5) when rats were pretreated with i.t. Cyp+Nal, the reduction on the intact side was 9.1%. These results suggest that: (1) nearly all the suppressive action exerted by the DLF-descending fibers are produced by the release of either NE or 5-HT as neurotransmitters at the spinal level; (2) most of the opioid-like substances act as an intrinsic spinal mediator mainly for the descending NE-ergic, but in a lesser extent for the 5-HT-ergic terminals in the dorsal horn circuitry; and (3) some OLS-ergic interneurons may only be activated by local nociceptive input.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Shanxi Medical College, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: R X
authors.initials: RX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dafny
mesh_terms: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D015306:Biogenic Monoamines / Q000378:metabolism*; D003533:Cyproheptadine / Q000494:pharmacology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D008297:Male; D009270:Naloxone / Q000494:pharmacology; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D009294:Narcotics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000502:physiology*; D010146:Pain / Q000378:metabolism*; D010646:Phentolamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D015306:Biogenic Monoamines; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D009294:Narcotics; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists; D003533:Cyproheptadine; D009270:Naloxone; D010646:Phentolamine