The bacterial lacZ gene: an important tool for metastasis research and evaluation of new cancer therapies.
The bacterial lacZ gene has been used to genetically tag tumor cells. This has been of value, specifically in metastasis research where it allowed to visualize micrometastases and single tumor cells in tissues. lacZ tagging has also provided the feasibility of re-isolating metastatic tumor cell populations for ex vivo molecular analyses. This review summarizes studies that have utilized lacZ tagged tumor cells to understand aspects of metastasis including dormancy, tumor-host interactions, gene modulation and anti-tumor immunity. lacZ tagging is also a valuable tool for evaluating cancer therapies.
Krüger
A
A
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technical University Munich, Germany. a.krueger@lrz.tu-muenchen.de
Schirrmacher
V
V
Khokha
R
R
D000818:Animals; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015415:Biomarkers; D018450:Disease Progression; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor / Q000379:methods*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000502:physiology; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007763:Lac Operon; D051379:Mice; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000378:metabolism / Q000637:transplantation
D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D015415:Biomarkers; D006133:Growth Substances