title: Corrosive effects from the deposition of gaseous pollutants on surfaces of cultural and artistic value inside museums.
abstract: The objectives of the project were to assess the critical relationships between environmental factors and damage of the artifacts and other cultural property exposed inside museums, by studying: (a) the outdoor/indoor pollutant concentration and their transfer inside the museum; (b) the distribution and circulation of pollutants inside the museum influenced by various factors; (c) chemical interactions between pollutants in the gas phase leading to removal and/or formation of secondary pollutants; (d) the final deposition of the indoor pollutants on surfaces of artistic interest and the damage on them, governed by strictly defined physicochemical parameters. All the above information, together with the main factors influencing each stage, were obtained by applying the methodology developed and described in detail here. Measurements of rate constants of reactions in the gas phase, of physicochemical deposition parameters on artefacts, and the synergistic effects of pollutants on the deposition parameters, were conducted. Seven PC programmes for analysing the experimental data were written and used. The pollutants, the solid materials and the museums chosen in this programme are only examples needed to develop the necessary methodology. The numerical results obtained serve the purpose of exemplifying the procedures and not enriching the world's bibliography with useless empirical information. Two commercially available protectives for marble were investigated from the point of view of their reactivity towards SO2 by using a diffusional technique. From measurements of SO2 concentration carried out on three types of marble, the deposition velocities have been calculated. Indoor monitoring of the church of San Luigi dei Francesi and of the Museo della Civiltá Romana in Rome has shown that indoor production of nitrous acid most likely results from heterogeneous reactions indoors, on the walls and the exposed surfaces.
authors.affiliation: Physical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Patras, Greece. katsanos@otenet.gr
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Katsanos
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Santis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cordoba
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Roubani-Kalantzopoulou
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pasella
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D001154:Art; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000737:chemistry; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003343:Corrosion; D003469:Culture; D005740:Gases; D006801:Humans; D008956:Models, Chemical; D009144:Museums; D009608:Nitrous Acid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010860:Pigments, Biological / Q000737:chemistry; D020011:Protective Agents; D012984:Software; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D005740:Gases; D010860:Pigments, Biological; D020011:Protective Agents; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide; D002119:Calcium Carbonate; D009608:Nitrous Acid