title: Prospective comparison of convergence insufficiency and normal binocular children on CIRS symptom surveys. Convergence Insufficiency and Reading Study (CIRS) group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the validity-related evidence of a child and a parent symptom survey developed by the Convergence Insufficiency and Reading Study (CIRS) group.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case comparison method was used to measure differences in symptoms between 14 school-aged children (ages 8 to 13 years) with Convergence Insufficiency (CI) and 14 children with normal binocular vision (NBV).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A pooled t-test indicated that CI children and their parents scored higher than the NBV children and their parents on the child's survey (p<0.001) and parent's survey (p<0.001), respectively. CI children also scored significantly higher (p<0.03) on the Conners' Rating Scale for Parents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that the CIRS symptom survey is a valid instrument for differentiating CI children from those with normal binocular vision. Additionally, children in this age group were able to respond to a broad range of symptom questions associated with CI.
authors.affiliation: Southern California College of Optometry, Fullerton 92831, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Borsting
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Rouse
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: De Land
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D003290:Convergence, Ocular; D005099:Exotropia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D011932:Reading; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D015348:Vision, Binocular; D014792:Visual Acuity