title: A modification to enable controlled progressive advancement of the Twin Block appliance.
abstract: A modification of the Twin block appliance has been developed to facilitate controlled gradual advancement of the mandibular position during the treatment of Class II division I malocclusions. This features the incorporation of stainless steel screws with conical heads into the blocks of the upper appliance to provide the inclined plane effect. Advancement is by the addition of polyacetal spacers between the screw heads and the upper blocks. The system is designed to improve the clinical flexibility of the appliance and to enhance patient acceptance in cases where mandibular protrusion is limited initially. Another possible application is gradual reactivation for Class III correction. Other advantages are reduced laboratory and clinical time during reactivation of the appliance, and perhaps a more physiological response to the growth modification process. The design and construction of the advancement system is illustrated, and its clinical use discussed.
authors.affiliation: Orthodontic Department, Burnley General Hospital, Lancashire, U.K.
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Carmichael
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Banks
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Chadwick
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000628:therapy*; D019186:Mandibular Advancement / Q000295:instrumentation; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D017289:Orthodontic Appliances, Functional; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective / Q000295:instrumentation*