title: Computerized and traditional stroop task dysfunction in HIV-1 infection.
abstract: Controlled processing, response inhibition, and set adoption were examined in 51 HIV-1 infected participants and 21 uninfected controls who were administered a vocal reaction time (RT) version of the Stroop task (Stroop-RT; J. R. Stroop, 1935) as well as the traditional 100 item paper-and-pencil version. Response set expectancies on the Stroop-RT were manipulated by presenting 50% of trials in homogenous blocks and randomly varying the stimulus type during the remaining trials. As hypothesized, HIV seropositive (HIV+) participants were significantly slower than HIV seronegative controls on both versions of the Stroop. Significant interference effects were apparent on the paper-and-pencil version of the Stroop, but were not as prominent on the Stroop-RT. The HIV+ participants did profit from the blocking manipulation on the Stroop-RT, suggesting that set adoption is retained in HIV infection. These data suggest that HIV infection may result in deficient response inhibition, possibly secondary to frontostriatal dysfunction and dopaminergic alterations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Medicine and VA Los Angeles Health Care System, 90024, USA. chinkin@ucla.edu
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hinkin
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Castellon
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hardy
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Granholm
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Siegle
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000150:complications*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008606:Mental Processes; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011930:Reaction Time; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012718:Set, Psychology; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*