title: Plasma and hepatic cholesterol and hepatic activities of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase and acyl CoA: cholesterol transferase are lower in rats fed citrus peel extract or a mixture of citrus bioflavonoids.
abstract: The cholesterol-lowering effects of tangerine peel extract and a mixture of two citrus flavonoids were tested. Male rats were fed a 1 g/100 g high-cholesterol diet for 42 d with supplements of either tangerine-peel extract or a mixture of naringin and hesperidin (0.5 g/100 g) to study the effects of plasma and hepatic lipids, hepatic enzyme activities, and the excretion of fecal neutral sterols. Both the tangerine-peel extract and mixture of two flavonoids significantly lowered the levels (mean +/- SE) of plasma (2.44 +/- 0. 59 and 2.42 +/- 0.31 mmol/L, vs. 3.80 +/- 0.28 mmol/L, P < 0.05), hepatic cholesterol (0.143 +/- 0.017 and 0.131 +/- 0.010 mmol/g vs. 0.181 +/- 0.003 mmol/g, P < 0.05), and hepatic triglycerides (0.069 +/- 0.007 and 0.075 +/- 0.006 mmol/g vs. 0.095 +/- 0.002 mmol/g, P < 0.05) compared to those of the control. The 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase (1565.0 +/- 106. 0 pmol. min-1. mg protein-1 and 1783.0 +/- 282 pmol. min-1. mg protein-1 vs. 2487.0 +/- 210.0 pmol. min-1. mg protein-1, P < 0.05) and acyl CoA: cholesterol O-acyltransferase (ACAT) activities (548.0 +/- 65.0 and 615.0 +/- 80.0 pmol. min-1. mg protein-1 vs. 806.0 +/- 105.0 pmol. min-1. mg protein-1, P < 0.05) were significantly lower in the experimental groups than in the control. These supplements also substantially reduced the excretion of fecal neutral sterols compared to the control (211.1 +/- 26.7 and 208.2 +/- 31.6 mg/d vs. 521.9 +/- 53.9 mg/d). The inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase and ACAT activities resulting from the supplementation of either tangerine-peel extract or a combination of its bioflavonoids could account for the decrease in fecal neutral sterol that appears to compensate for the decreased cholesterol biosynthesis in the liver.
authors.affiliation: Korea Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, KIST, Yusong, Taejon, 305-333, Korea.
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Bok
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Y B
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Son
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D002957:Citrus / Q000737:chemistry*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006903:Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases / Q000378:metabolism*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D002785:Sterol O-Acyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism*; D013261:Sterols / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D005419:Flavonoids; D008055:Lipids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013261:Sterols; D002784:Cholesterol; D006903:Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases; D002785:Sterol O-Acyltransferase