title: Kangaroo IGF-II is structurally and functionally similar to the human [Ser29]-IGF-II variant.
abstract: Kangaroo IGF-II has been purified from western grey kangaroo (Macropus fuliginosus) serum and characterised in a number of in vitro assays. In addition, the complete cDNA sequence of mature IGF-II has been obtained by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Comparison of the kangaroo IGF-II cDNA sequence with known IGF-II sequences from other species revealed that it is very similar to the human variant, [Ser29]-hIGF-II. Both the variant and kangaroo IGF-II contain an insert of nine nucleotides that encode the amino acids Leu-Pro-Gly at the junction of the B and C domains of the mature protein. The deduced kangaroo IGF-II protein sequence also contains three other amino acid changes that are not observed in human IGF-II. These amino acid differences share similarities with the changes described in many of the IGF-IIs reported for non-mammalian species. Characterisation of human IGF-II, kangaroo IGF-II, chicken IGF-II and [Ser29]-hIGF-II in a number of in vitro assays revealed that all four proteins are functionally very similar. No significant differences were observed in the ability of the IGF-IIs to bind to the bovine IGF-II/cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor or to stimulate protein synthesis in rat L6 myoblasts. However, differences were observed in their abilities to bind to IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) present in human serum. Kangaroo, chicken and [Ser29]-hIGF-II had lower apparent affinities for human IGFBPs than did human IGF-II. Thus, it appears that the major circulating form of IGF-II in the kangaroo and a minor form of IGF-II found in human serum are structurally and functionally very similar. This suggests that the splice site that generates both the variant and major form of human IGF-II must have evolved after the divergence of marsupials from placental mammals.
authors.affiliation: Cooperative Research Centre for Tissue Growth and Repair, PO Box 10065, Adelaide BC, 5000, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Yandell
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Francis
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Wheldrake
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Upton
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D002645:Chickens / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D007614:Macropodidae / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D051381:Rats; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II