title: Influence of 4 weeks' intervention by exercise and diet on low-density lipoprotein subfractions in obese men with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: Insulin resistance is associated with dyslipoproteinemia characterized by increased serum triglycerides, reduced high-density lipoprotein 2 (HDL2) cholesterol, and increased small, dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) subfraction particles. Physical activity and weight reduction are known to improve insulin resistance and dyslipoproteinemia, but their influence on LDL subfractions in diabetic patients is unknown. Therefore, we investigated the effect of a 4-week intervention program of exercise (2,200 kcal/wk) and diet (1,000 kcal/d: 50% carbohydrate, 25% protein, and 25% fat; polyunsaturated/saturated fat ratio, 1.0) on glycemic control and HDL and LDL subfractions in 34 obese patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes (age, 49 +/- 9 years; body mass index [BMI], 33.1 +/- 5.1 kg/m2). Reductions in body weight (P < .001) and improvements in fasting blood glucose, insulin, fructosamine (P < .001), and free fatty acids (P < .01) by intervention were associated with reductions in serum cholesterol and apolipoprotein B (apo B) concentrations in very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) (P < .01), intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), and small, dense (>1.040 g/mL) LDL particles (P < .001). These data underlie the positive influence of weight reduction induced by exercise and diet on insulin resistance and lipoprotein metabolism in obese diabetic patients, particularly showing improvements of the LDL subfraction profile with a decrease of small, dense LDL particles. This is of particular importance, as these particles have been shown to be associated with coronary artery disease.
authors.affiliation: Center for Internal Medicine, Department of Rehabilitation, Prevention and Sports Medicine, Freiburg University Hospital, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Halle
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Garwers
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Baumstark
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Knisel
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grathwohl
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: König
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Keul
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000097:blood; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood* / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000628:therapy; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D001053:Apolipoproteins; D002241:Carbohydrates; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL