title: In vitro and in vivo protective effect of orphenadrine on glutamate neurotoxicity.
abstract: The anticholinergic drug orphenadrine is used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. In this study we evaluate the neuroprotective effects of orphenadrine on excitotoxicity in vivo and in vitro. Orphenadrine prevented the mitochondrial and the cytoplasmic membrane potential decrease evoked by NMDA (100 microM) in rat dissociated cerebellar granule cells showing an IC50 value of 11.6 +/- 4.7 microM (mean +/- SEM, n = 5) and 13.5 +/- 2.3 microM (n = 3), respectively. Orphenadrine was able to protect cerebellar granule cell cultures from glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. Kainic acid (KA, 10 mg/kg)-induced excitotoxicity was evaluated in vivo using the microglial marker peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) and heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) expression in the hippocampus. The Bmax of PBR for control tissues was 589.1 +/- 40.0 fmol/mg protein (n = 4), increasing to 1692.5 +/- 51.6 fmol/mg protein (n = 5) after the KA treatment. Pretreatment with orphenadrine (10 mg/kg) blocked the KA-induced increase in PBR density. As expected, KA-administration induced the expression of HSP72 that was blocked in the orphenadrine + KA-treated rats. We demonstrate that orphenadrine, interacting at the NMDA receptor, is able to prevent the neurotoxicity mediated by activation at glutamate ionotropic receptors.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: F X
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Sureda
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gabriel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pallàs
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Adan
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Escubedo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Camarasa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Camins
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000187:drug effects; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists / Q000633:toxicity; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects; D007608:Kainic Acid / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology; D009966:Orphenadrine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D009498:Neurotoxins; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D009966:Orphenadrine; D007608:Kainic Acid