title: Mapping of semantic, phonological, and orthographic verbal working memory in normal adults with functional magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: Twelve neurologically normal participants (4 men and 8 women) performed semantic, phonological, and orthographic working memory tasks and a control task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Divergent regions of the posterior left hemisphere used for decoding and storage of information emerged in each working memory versus control task comparison. These regions were consistent with previous literature on processing mechanisms for semantic, phonological, and orthographic information. Further, working memory versus control task differences extended into the left frontal lobe, including premotor cortex, and even into subcortical structures. Findings were consistent with R. C. Martin and C. Romani's (1994) contention that different forms of verbal working memory exist and further suggest that a reconceptualization of premotor cortex functions is needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Health Psychology and University of Florida Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610-0165, USA. bcrosson@hp.ufl.edu
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Crosson
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Woodley
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bobholz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Hammeke
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Fuller
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Binder
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Stein
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology*; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D011578:Psycholinguistics / Q000379:methods*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D012016:Reference Values; D014706:Verbal Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D014936:Word Association Tests