title: Agreement between symptom surveys, physical examination procedures and electrodiagnostic findings for the carpal tunnel syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to evaluate the concordance between various clinical screening procedures for carpal tunnel syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subject population consisted of 824 workers from 6 facilities. The evaluated procedures included bilateral sensory nerve conduction testing, physical examinations, and symptom surveys, including hand diagrams. The agreement between the outcomes of various combinations of these procedures was assessed by determining the kappa coefficient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was relatively poor overlap between the reported symptoms, the physical examination findings, and the electrodiagnostic results consistent with carpal tunnel syndrome. Overall, only 23 out of 449 subjects (5%) with at least 1 positive finding met all 3 criteria (symptoms, physical examination findings, and electrophysiological results consistent with carpal tunnel syndrome) for the dominant hand. The screening procedures showed poor or no agreement with kappa values ranging between 0.00 and 0.18 for all the case definitions evaluated for carpal tunnel syndrome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The poor overlap between the various screening procedures warns against the use of electrodiagnostic findings alone without the symptom presentation being considered. The results of this study also point to a need for the further development and evaluation of methods for detecting carpal tunnel syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Industrial Health, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor 48109-2029, USA.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Homan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Franzblau
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Albers
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Bromberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002349:Carpal Tunnel Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004568:Electrodiagnosis / Q000592:standards*; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D009431:Neural Conduction; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000592:standards*; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*