title: Correlation of imaging techniques to histopathology in patients with diabetic foot syndrome and clinical suspicion of chronic osteomyelitis. The role of high-resolution ultrasound.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the role of ultrasound in the diagnosis of osteomyelitis in the diabetic foot compared with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), bone scintigraphy (BS), and plain film radiography (PFR).
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated 19 consecutive diabetic patients (2 women, 17 men, age 60.7 +/- 9.8 years, BMI 27.0 +/- 3.8 kg/m2) with clinical suspicion of bone infection of the foot. A high-resolution ultrasound system (Esaote/Biosound, Munich) with a linear array transducer up to 13.0 MHz was used. The prospective and blinded results of each method were compared with histopathology as the reference method after metatarsal resection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 14 of 19 patients, histopathology confirmed osteomyelitis. Ultrasound showed a sensitivity of 79% (PFR, 69%; BS, 83%; MRI, 100%), a specificity of 80% (PFR, 80%; BS, 75%; MRI, 75%), a positive predictive value of 92% (PFR, 90%; BS, 91%; MRI, 93%), and a negative predictive value of 57% (PFR, 50%; BS, 60%; MRI, 100%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicate that ultrasound might have a better diagnostic power for detecting chronic osteomyelitis in the diabetic foot than PFR and has similar sensitivity and specificity as BS. MRI is superior to the other three methods. We conclude that the use of ultrasound in the management of the diabetic foot is worthy of further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Enderle
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Coerper
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Schweizer
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Kopp
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Thelen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Meisner
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pressler
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Claussen
authors.forename: H U
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Häring
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Luft
mesh_terms: D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D004164:Diphosphonates; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D010019:Osteomyelitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D004164:Diphosphonates; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C033905:technetium Tc 99m 1,1-diphosphonopropane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid