Determinants of antibodies to Cryptosporidium infection among gay and bisexual men with HIV infection.
A cross-sectional serosurvey for markers of prior Cryptosporidium infection was conducted among homosexual or bisexual males infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); of 262 individuals approached, 236 (90%) agreed to participate. Serological response to two Cryptosporidium antigens was measured using a Western blot assay. The intensity or detection of serological responses to two Cryptosporidium antigens was not associated with CD4 cell counts or tap water consumption. A number of sexual practices were related to increased serological response for only the 27-kDa marker, including having had sex within the past 2 years, having anal sex and having had a larger number of sex partners during the past 2 years. Attending a spa or sauna was related to serological response to both the 27-kDa and 17-kDa markers. Based on these results, activities related to sexual activity appear to be a significant risk factors for prior Cryptosporidium infection.
Caputo
C
C
Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, The Alfred Hospital, Victoria, Australia.
Forbes
A
A
Frost
F
F
Sinclair
M I
MI
Kunde
T R
TR
Hoy
J F
JF
Fairley
C K
CK
D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood*; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000276:immunology; D001727:Bisexuality; D015153:Blotting, Western; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003457:Cryptosporidiosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D003458:Cryptosporidium / Q000276:immunology*; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors
D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan