title: Reliable and easy identification of bacterial acute respiratory infections of childhood.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the causative bacteria in childhood acute respiratory infections (ARI) and to determine the usefulness of pus cell counts in differentiating between pathogenic and commensal bacteria, cultured from nasopharyngeal aspirates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case control prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatients' department and the paediatric unit at General Hospital, Colombo South.
  
  
  METHODS
  200 children under 5 years with cough and difficulty in breathing for less than one week who had no history of antibiotic therapy for the current illness, and 50 healthy controls matched for age and sex.
  
  
  RESULTS
  56.5% of cases had bacterial infections. Branhamella catarrhalis (25%), Haemophilus influenzae (12.5%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (10.5%) were the major pathogens identified. Pus cell counts were found to be significantly higher in cases than in controls (X2 58.28 df = 1 p < 0.001), and the pathogens were more often associated with pus cell counts of more than 10/field.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  56.5% of children with ARI had bacterial infections. B catarrhalis seems to play a major role in childhood ARI. Examination of nasopharyngeal aspirates is a useful way to identify pathogens, provided microscopic examination for pus cells is performed together with culture.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardenepura.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perera
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wickramasinghe
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Perera
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Somaratne
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology