title: Induction of HIV-1 replication by allogeneic stimulation.
abstract: Allogeneic stimulation presents an immunologic challenge during pregnancy, blood transfusions, and transplantations, and has been associated with reactivation of latently infected virus such as CMV. Since HIV-1 is transmitted vertically, sexually, or via contaminated blood, we have tested the effects of allostimulation on HIV-1 infection. 1) We show that allostimulated lymphocytes are highly susceptible to acute infection with T cell-tropic or dual-tropic HIV-1. 2) We show that allostimulation has dichotomous effects on replication of macrophage-tropic HIV-1; it activates HIV expression in already infected cells but inhibits HIV entry by secreting HIV-suppressive CC chemokines. 3) We show that allogeneic stimulation of latently infected, resting CD4+ T cells induced replication of HIV-1 in these cells. These observations suggest that allogeneic stimulation may play a role in the transmission, replication, and phenotypic transition of HIV-1.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. hiromori@net.nagasaki-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moriuchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moriuchi
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Fauci
mesh_terms: D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007399:Interphase / Q000276:immunology; D007519:Isoantigens / Q000276:immunology*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D017735:Virus Latency / Q000276:immunology; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D019742:Chemokines, CC; D007519:Isoantigens