title: Inter- and intraobserver variation in the analysis of optic disc images: comparison of the Heidelberg retina tomograph and computer assisted planimetry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The development of imaging and measurement techniques has brought the prospect of greater objectivity in the measurement of optic disc features, and therefore better agreement between observers. The purpose of this study was to quantify and compare the variation between observers using two measurement devices.
  
  
  METHODS
  Optic disc photographs and images from the Heidelberg retina tomograph (HRT) of 30 eyes of 30 subjects were presented to six observers for analysis, and to one observer on five separate occasions. Agreement between observers was studied by comparing the analysis of each observer with the median result of the other five, and expressed as the mean difference and standard deviation of differences between the observer and the median. Inter- and intraobserver variation was calculated as a coefficient of variation (mean SD/mean x 100).
  
  
  RESULTS
  For planimetry, agreement between observers was dependent on observer experience, for the HRT it was independent. Agreement between observers (SD of differences as a percentage of the median) for optic disc area was 4.0% to 7.2% (planimetry) and 3.3% to 6.0% (HRT), for neuroretinal rim area it was 10.8% to 21.0% (planimetry) and 5.2% to 9.6% (HRT). The mean interobserver coefficient of variation for optic disc area was 8.1% (planimetry) and 4.4% (HRT), for neuroretinal rim area it was 16.3% (planimetry) and 8.1% (HRT), and (HRT only) for rim volume was 16.3%, and reference height 9.1%. HRT variability was greater for the software version 1.11 reference plane than for version 1.10. The intraobserver coefficient of variation for optic disc area was 1.5% (planimetry) and 2.4% (HRT), for neuroretinal rim area it was 4.0% (planimetry) and 4.5% (HRT).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Variation between observers is greatly reduced by the HRT when compared with planimetry. However, levels of variation, which may be clinically significant, remain for variables that depend on the subjective drawing of the disc margin.
authors.affiliation: Glaucoma Unit, Moorfields Eye Hospital, City Road, London EC1V 2PD.
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Garway-Heath
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Poinoosawmy
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wollstein
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Viswanathan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kamal
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fontana
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hitchings
mesh_terms: D005901:Glaucoma / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D015588:Observer Variation; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy / Q000592:standards*; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D010781:Photography / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D014054:Tomography / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*