title: Complex renal cysts: findings on MR imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We retrospectively evaluated our experience with complex cystic renal masses on MR imaging, using T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and gadolinium-enhanced images, to determine whether imaging features could permit distinction between benign and malignant lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-seven patients with complex cystic renal lesions were included in this retrospective study. The patients selected had undergone T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging examinations using 1.5-T scanners, with at least one of the following findings: cyst fluid of heterogeneous signal intensity, mural irregularity, septa, mural masses or nodules, increased mural thickness, or intense mural enhancement. The diagnosis was established by histology in 19 patients and by follow-up studies in the remaining 18 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-five complex renal cystic lesions were present in the 37 patients. Among the 55 lesions, of 37 that contained fluid of a heterogeneous signal intensity, eight were malignant (22%); of 16 with irregular walls, 10 were malignant (63%); of four with septa, two were malignant (50%); of four with mural masses or nodules, three were malignant (75%); of 14 with a thick wall (>2 mm), 10 were malignant (71%); and of 32 with intense mural enhancement, 14 were malignant (44%). As independent variables, mural irregularity, mural masses or nodules, increased mural thickness, and intense mural enhancement each were highly associated with malignancy (p = .0003-.0022). The combination of mural irregularity and intense mural enhancement had the highest correlation with malignancy (p = .0002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of mural irregularity and intense mural enhancement is a strong predictor of malignancy in renal cystic lesions. However, the appearance of benign and malignant lesions may overlap, suggesting that distinct separation of these entities is not currently possible in all cases with MR imaging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7510, USA.
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Balci
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Semelka
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Patt
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dubois
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gomez-Caminero
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Woosley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003287:Contrast Media; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D052177:Kidney Diseases, Cystic / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D007690:Polycystic Kidney Diseases / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA