title: Alterations in protein tyrosine kinase pathways following retinal vein occlusion in the rat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether an experimental retinal vein occlusion in the rat activates protein tyrosine kinase pathways and increases angiogenic growth factors in the retina.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) was induced in the rat retina with argon laser photocoagulation. Retinas were collected at 2 days, 1, 2, and 4 weeks after RVO and divided into halves: one half represented an area within the distribution of the occluded vein [RVO(IN)] and the other half represented an area outside the distribution of the occluded vein [RVO(OUT)]. RVO(IN) and (OUT) were examined by western blot analysis of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and 3 signal proteins in the tyrosine kinase pathways: phospholipase Cgamma (PLCgamma), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK).
  
  
  RESULTS
  RVO caused a severe capillary nonperfusion in RVO(IN). Overall tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins were increased after RVO, especially in RVO(IN) at 2 days and 1 week. VEGF and bFGF were markedly increased in RVO(IN) at 2 days and 1 week. Tyrosine-phosphorylated PLCgamma, PI3K, and MAPK were also increased in RVO(IN) at these time points.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RVO caused an increase in overall protein tyrosine phosphorylation in the rat retina. This increase was associated with an increase in angiogenic growth factors (VEGF and bFGF). These results suggest that protein tyrosine kinase pathways are activated during retinal ischemia and may play a role in mitogenesis of vascular endothelial cells and other responses in the retina after RVO.
authors.affiliation: Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de Juan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D017075:Laser Coagulation; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051966:Phospholipase C gamma; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D012160:Retina / Q000601:surgery; D012170:Retinal Vein Occlusion / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000209:etiology; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000378:metabolism; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008222:Lymphokines; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D014443:Tyrosine; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D010738:Type C Phospholipases; D051966:Phospholipase C gamma