title: Intraoperative flow measurements in gastroepiploic grafts using pulsed Doppler.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The patency of a pedicled right gastroepiploic artery (RGEA) graft can be compromised by intraoperative twists, kinks or spasms. Therefore, a systematic flow assessment was made in RGEA grafts and was compared with similar measurements made in other types of bypass conduits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intraoperative pulsed Doppler flowmeter measurements obtained in a series of 556 consecutive patients undergoing at least one coronary bypass grafting onto the right coronary system were studied. Eighty-five RGEA grafts were compared with 1427 bypass grafts implanted in the same group of patients and consisted of the following conduits: 442 left internal mammary (LIMA), 149 right internal mammary (RIMA), 831 greater saphenous vein (GSV) and five inferior epigastric (EPIG) grafts. Sequential grafts were excluded from the analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Flow measurements and Doppler waveforms were abnormal and required graft repositioning, and the addition of a distal graft or intragraft papaverine injection (only in GSVs) in 29 cases (2.0% of all grafts). These graft corrections were necessary in 5.9% RGEAs, 3.4% LIMAs, 2.0% RIMAs, and 0.7% GSVs (P < 0.001). The relative risk for graft correction was eight times higher for RGEAs than for GSVs (P = 0.002). Flow increased from 8 +/- 2 to 54 +/- 5 ml/min (P < 0.0001). Flow data were significantly influenced by the type of run-off bed (P < 0.001), the measurements obtained in grafts implanted onto the right coronary artery and the left anterior descending artery being superior. Flows in RGEAs, however, were comparable with values obtained in other grafts implanted onto the same recipient coronary artery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A significantly higher incidence of graft malpositioning caused inadequate flows in RGEAs. However, normal flow values could be restored simply by assigning a better graft orientation under pulsed Doppler flowmeter control. Overall flow capacity of the RGEA did not differ from values obtained in other arterial and venous grafts implanted onto the same recipient arteries.
authors.affiliation: University Clinics of Mont-Godinne, Université Catholique De Louvain, Yvoir, Belgium. louagie@chir.ucl.ac.be
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Louagie
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Buche
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Eucher
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Schoevaerdts
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001158:Arteries / Q000637:transplantation; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D018619:Echocardiography, Doppler, Pulsed; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D013270:Stomach / Q000098:blood supply*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014654:Vascular Patency