title: HDL cholesterol subfractions and risk of developing type 2 diabetes among Pima Indians.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationships between HDL cholesterol subfractions and the incidence of type 2 diabetes and to evaluate potential sex differences in these relationships.
  
  
  METHODS
  Proportional hazards analyses were performed to examine the relationships between HDL subfractions and the development of type 2 diabetes in Pima Indian women and men. Results were controlled for age, BMI, systolic blood pressure, and 2-h glucose.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Some 54 of 123 women and 25 of 50 men developed type 2 diabetes during a mean follow-up of 10 (2-19) years. For women, in separate models, high levels of total HDL, HDL2a, and HDL3 were negatively associated with incidence of type 2 diabetes; results were unchanged in models further controlled for fasting insulin level or alcohol consumption. For men, the results were inconsistent and associated with wide confidence intervals; high total HDL and HDL3 were positively associated with incidence of type 2 diabetes in models further controlled for fasting insulin level, but the risk estimates were attenuated in models further controlled for alcohol consumption.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High levels of total HDL, HDL2a, and HDL3 were potential protective factors against type 2 diabetes in women after accounting for alcohol consumption and insulin resistance. High levels of total HDL and HDL3 were predictive of type 2 diabetes in men; the relationship in men appeared to be due to an association with alcohol consumption. The sex differences in the effects of HDL cholesterol may be related to the effects of sex hormones or lipoproteins.
authors.affiliation: Division of Diabetes Translation, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA. adf8@cdc.gov
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fagot-Campagna
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Knowler
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Narayan
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Saaddine
authors.forename: B V
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Howard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D001130:Arizona / Q000453:epidemiology; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood; D053440:Lipoproteins, HDL3; D008297:Male; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D007328:Insulin; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D053440:Lipoproteins, HDL3; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol