title: Patient-controlled antiemesis: a randomized, double-blind comparison of two doses of propofol versus placebo.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The role of propofol for the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is not well established. This study determines the efficacy of small doses of propofol administered by patient-controlled device for the treatment of PONV.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients presenting for ambulatory surgery received a standardized general anesthetic. Those who experienced significant nausea or emesis within 1 h of arrival in the recovery room were randomized to receive repeated doses of propofol 20 mg (P-20), propofol 40 mg (P-40), or intralipid (placebo) on demand. Study medications (in equal volumes) were administered with a patient-controlled delivery device for 2 h. A lockout interval of 5 min between doses was used. The following parameters were assessed: nausea, vomiting, rescue antiemetic use, recovery profile, study drug administration history, and satisfaction with treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-nine patients participated in the study. Patient demographics were similar. The average nausea score for a patient in the P-20 and P-40 groups was 25% and 29% less, respectively, compared with placebo during the study period (P < 0.05). This difference was apparent 15 min after initiation of therapy. More placebo patients vomited (P-20, 12%; P-40, 23%; placebo, 56%; P = 0.003) and needed rescue antiemetics (P-20, 17%; P-40, 23%; placebo, 70%; P = 0.001) compared with treatment groups. Sedation scores were similar between groups. Propofol-treated patients had shorter stays in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU; P-20, 131+/-35 min [mean +/- SD]; P-40, 141+/-34 min; placebo, 191+/-92 min; P = 0.005) and higher satisfaction with their control of PONV than placebo (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Propofol is effective in managing PONV with shorter PACU stay and great degree of patient satisfaction. There were two episodes of oversedation in the P-40 group. Hence, propofol at a demand dose of 20 mg seems more appropriate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA. gan00001@mc.duke.edu
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: El-Molem
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Glass
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009325:Nausea / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014839:Vomiting / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000932:Antiemetics; D015742:Propofol