title: Mortality and hormone-related exposures in women with diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hormone-related events and exposures are related to mortality and especially to cardiovascular disease in women. We evaluated whether such exposures influenced risk in a well-defined group of women with diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women with younger- and older-onset diabetes who were identified during a population-based study were queried about number of pregnancies, age at menarche, use of oral contraceptives, use of estrogen replacement therapy, and menopausal status at examinations in 1984-1986. Analyses are limited to women aged > or = 18 years (n = 398 and 542 in those with younger- and older-onset diabetes, respectively). Cohort mortality was monitored carefully, and causes of death were abstracted from death certificates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 58 deaths in the first group and 338 deaths in the second group since the 1984-1986 examination. The number of pregnancies was significantly associated with all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 0.96 [95% CI 0.92-1.00]) in older-onset women only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest and are compatible with the notion that the hormone exposures examined are unrelated to cardiovascular mortality in women with diabetes, with the exception of a minimal effect of the number of pregnancies in older-onset women. Whether there is a difference in these exposure-outcome relationships between women with diabetes and those without diabetes is uncertain and requires further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53705-2397, USA.
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Moss
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000401:mortality; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D008572:Menarche; D008593:Menopause; D008875:Middle Aged; D010298:Parity; D011507:Proteinuria; D012907:Smoking; D014922:Wisconsin / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin