Preoperative anxiety is associated with a high incidence of problematic behavior on emergence after halothane anesthesia in boys.
BACKGROUND
In our clinical experience, children who are crying before anesthesia are more likely to show agitated behavior on emergence.


METHODS
One hundred and ten boys aged 3-6 years old (ASA 1) who underwent circumcision were studied. The children were assigned to one of two groups, depending on their attitude during induction: the anxious group and the calm group. Anesthesia was induced by inhalation of halothane in oxygen, and was maintained at 1% throughout surgery. For intra- and postoperative analgesia, caudal block with 0.5 ml/kg of 0.25% plain bupivacaine and topical infiltration with 1 to 2 ml of 1% lidocaine were provided for all patients. The incidence of delirium on emergence was compared between the groups.


RESULTS
We excluded 4 boys showing signs of incomplete pain relief. Twenty of 27 boys in the anxious group showed a significantly greater incidence of problematic behavior on emergence, compared to 5 of 79 in the calm group.


CONCLUSIONS
The boys who were anxious before anesthesia showed a significantly greater incidence of problematic behavior on emergence from halothane anesthesia, compared with the boys who were calm before anesthesia.
Aono
J
J
Department of Anesthesiology, Kochi Medical School, Japan.
Mamiya
K
K
Manabe
M
M
D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001007:Anxiety / Q000150:complications*; D001364:Awareness / Q000502:physiology; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002944:Circumcision, Male; D003448:Crying / Q000523:psychology; D003693:Delirium / Q000209:etiology; D006221:Halothane / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D011595:Psychomotor Agitation / Q000209:etiology*
D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine; D006221:Halothane; D002045:Bupivacaine