title: A model to accumulate fractionated dose in a deforming organ.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Measurements of internal organ motion have demonstrated that daily organ deformation exists throughout the course of radiation treatment. However, a method of constructing the resultant dose delivered to the organ volume remains a difficult challenge. In this study, a model to quantify internal organ motion and a method to construct a cumulative dose in a deforming organ are introduced.
  
  
  METHODS
  A biomechanical model of an elastic body is used to quantify patient organ motion in the process of radiation therapy. Intertreatment displacements of volume elements in an organ of interest is calculated by applying an finite element method with boundary conditions, obtained from multiple daily computed tomography (CT) measurements. Therefore, by incorporating also the measurements of daily setup error, daily dose delivered to a deforming organ can be accumulated by tracking the position of volume elements in the organ. Furthermore, distribution of patient-specific organ motion is also predicted during the early phase of treatment delivery using the daily measurements, and the cumulative dose distribution in the organ can then be estimated. This dose distribution will be updated whenever a new measurement becomes available, and used to reoptimize the ongoing treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An integrated process to accumulate dosage in a daily deforming organ was implemented. In this process, intertreatment organ motion and setup error were systematically quantified, and incorporated in the calculation of the cumulative dose. An example of the rectal wall motion in a prostate treatment was applied to test the model. The displacements of volume elements in the rectal wall, as well as the resultant doses, were calculated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study is intended to provide a systematic framework to incorporate daily patient-specific organ motion and setup error in the reconstruction of the cumulative dose distribution in an organ of interest. The realistic dose distribution in an organ of interest gives the true dose-volume relationship, and may play an important role in the evaluation of the dose response of human organs. Dose reconstruction during the course of treatment delivery can also be used as an important feedback for the online optimization of individual treatment plans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI 48073-6769, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Jaffray
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D009068:Movement; D055585:Physical Phenomena; D010825:Physics; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D012007:Rectum; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed