title: Regulation of the chitinase gene expression in suspension-cultured rice cells by N-acetylchitooligosaccharides: differences in the signal transduction pathways leading to the activation of elicitor-responsive genes.
abstract: Expression patterns of chitinase transcripts induced by N-acetylchitooligosaccharide elicitor were analyzed by northern blot hybridization in order to reveal a signal transduction pathway leading to the activation of class I chitinase genes (Cht-1 and Cht-3), which may play an important role in producing N-acetylchitooligosaccharide elicitor. The transcription level of both genes was enhanced in response to N-acetylchitooligosaccharides larger than pentaose at subnanomolar concentrations. These structure and dose dependencies were consistent not only with those for a 75 kDa high-affinity binding protein for N-acetylchitooligosaccharide elicitor in the plasma membrane, but also with other series of cellular responses including phytoalexin production and the expression of elicitor-responsive genes (EL2, EL3). Therefore, the elicitor signal to evoke these cellular responses including the activation of the chitinase genes could be common and transmitted into cells through the 75 kDa protein. However, the signal transduction pathway for the activation of the chitinase gene appeared to diverge from those for the other elicitor-responsive genes shortly after the signal perception. It was shown that the induction of chitinase expression by N-acetylchitooligosaccharide would require protein phosphorylation, but not de novo protein synthesis. The oxidative burst was demonstrated not to be necessary for transcriptional induction of the all four elicitor-responsive genes (Cht, PAL, EL2, EL3) by N-acetylchitooligosaccharide.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Agrobiological Resources, Tsukuba, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishizawa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hibi
authors.forename: D Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shibuya
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Minami
mesh_terms: D017878:4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000873:Anthracenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002686:Chitin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002688:Chitinases / Q000235:genetics*; D018118:Chloride Channels / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D007700:Kinetics; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009861:Onium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D012275:Oryza / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000873:Anthracenes; D018118:Chloride Channels; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D009861:Onium Compounds; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D002686:Chitin; C007517:diphenyleneiodonium; C010030:9-anthroic acid; D003513:Cycloheximide; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; D002688:Chitinases; D017878:4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid