title: Type four fracture of the medial epicondyle: a true indication for surgical intervention.
abstract: Fourteen consecutive cases with type 4 fracture of the medial epicondyle were evaluated following open reduction and internal fixation of the displaced medial epicondyle. The mean age was 9.7 years (range 6-16) and the mean follow-up was 17.2 months (range 12-24). Operative treatment yielded excellent results with no loss of functional range of motion, residual deformity or instability. There were three cases with pre-operative symptoms of ulnar nerve injury which made a good recovery following neurolysis of the ulnar nerve. Type 4 fractures are commonly associated with intra-articular entrapment of the ulnar nerve and result from serious damage to the soft tissues on the medial side of the elbow. Assessing instability is therefore of key importance, as is the intra-operative gravity stress-valgus test in assessing instability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Alexandra Hospital, Redditch, U.K.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Pimpalnerkar
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Balasubramaniam
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Read
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D004551:Elbow Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D006810:Humeral Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D011859:Radiography; D017769:Ulnar Nerve Compression Syndromes / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D000092464:Elbow Injuries