title: Neurotoxic effects of 2,5-hexanedione on normal and neurofilament-deficient quail.
abstract: The neurotoxic effects of 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD) were investigated using neurofilament (NF)-deficient (Quv) Japanese quail in comparison with normal Japanese quail. Both Quv and normal Japanese quail were inoculated intraperitoneally with 350 mg/kg/day 2,5-HD for 6 consecutive wk. The results of 2,5-HD exposure differed substantially between the 2 strains of Japanese quail. The 2,5-HD-exposed normal quail showed leg paralysis about 4 wk after initiation of dosing. Some treated normal quail fell into dysstasia and died of nutritional disturbances. Histologically, 2,5-HD-treated normal quail had NF-rich axonal swellings and degeneration in the distal parts of the peripheral nerves, spinal cord, and cerebellar peduncles. In contrast, 2,5-HD-injected Quv quail showed tonic convulsion, ataxia gait, severe quivering, and excitation about 2-3 days after administration. Some treated Quv birds died immediately after systemic tonic convulsion, probably because of asphyxia. Although all treated Quv quail showed neurologic signs, there were no recognizable 2,5-HD-induced lesions in the nervous system. After about 4-6 wk of dosing, 2,5-HD induced distal axonopathy in normal quail and acute neurotoxicity in Quv quail.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. hirataku@vetmed.hokudai.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mizutani
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ochiai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Umemura
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Itakura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001259:Ataxia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D001369:Axons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D003370:Coturnix; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006588:Hexanones / Q000633:toxicity*; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008297:Male; D016900:Neurofilament Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics*; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D010264:Paraplegia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D012584:Sciatic Nerve / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D015996:Survival Rate; D013737:Testis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D013979:Tibial Nerve / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D006588:Hexanones; D016900:Neurofilament Proteins; D009498:Neurotoxins; C011269:2,5-hexanedione