title: Renal volume measurements: accuracy and repeatability of US compared with that of MR imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the accuracy and repeatability of ultrasonography (US) with the ellipsoid formula in calculating the renal volume.
  
  
  METHODS
  The renal volumes in 20 volunteers aged 19-51 years were determined by using US with the ellipsoid formula and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with the voxel-count method by two independent observers for each modality. The observers performed all measurements twice, with an interval between the first and second examinations. The voxel-count method was the reference standard. Repeatability was evaluated by calculating the SD of the difference (method of Bland and Altman).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Renal volume was underestimated with US by 45 mL (25%) on average. A comparable underestimation was found when the ellipsoid formula was applied to MR images. This indicates that the inaccuracy of US renal volume measurements (a) occurred because the kidney does not resemble an ellipsoid and (b) was not primarily related to the imaging modality. Intra- and interobserver variations in US volume measurements were poor; the SD of the difference was 21-32 mL. For comparison, the SD of the difference in reference-standard measurements was 5-10 mL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of US with the ellipsoid formula is not appropriate for accurate and reproducible calculation of renal volume.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Hospital Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bakker
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olree
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaatee
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: de Lange
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Moons
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Beutler
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Beek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014463:Ultrasonography