title: An upstream regulator of the glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit gene mediates pituitary cell type activation and repression by different mechanisms.
abstract: Targeting of alpha-subunit gene expression within the pituitary is influenced by an upstream regulatory region that directs high level expression to thyrotropes and gonadotropes of transgenic mice. The same region also enhanced the activity of the proximal promoter in transfections of pituitary-derived alpha-TSH and alpha-T3 cells. We have localized the activating sequences to a 125-bp region that contains consensus sites for factors that also play a role in proximal promoter activity. Proteins present in alpha-TSH and alpha-T3 cells as well as those from GH3 somatotrope-derived cells interact with this region. The upstream area inhibited proximal alpha-promoter activity by 80% when transfected into GH3 cells. Repression in GH3 cells was mediated through a different mechanism than enhancement, as supported by the following evidence. Reversing the orientation of the area resulted in a loss of proximal promoter activation in alpha-TSH and alpha-T3 cells but did not relieve repression in GH3 cells. Mutation of proximal sites shown to be important for activation had no effect on repression. Finally, bidirectional deletional analysis revealed that multiple elements are involved in activation and repression and, together with the DNA binding studies, suggests that these processes may be mediated through closely juxtaposed or even overlapping elements, thus perhaps defining a new class of bifunctional gene regulatory sequence.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA. William.Wood@UCHSC.edu
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Dowding
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Ridgway
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002460:Cell Line; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I / Q000378:metabolism; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D015292:Glycoprotein Hormones, alpha Subunit / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000378:metabolism*; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D015292:Glycoprotein Hormones, alpha Subunit; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I