title: Unemployment and foster home placements: estimating the net effect of provocation and inhibition.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study sought, first, to explain and reconcile the provocation and inhibition theories of the effect of rising unemployment on the incidence of antisocial behavior. Second, it tested the hypothesis, implied by the provocation and inhibition theories, that the relationship between unemployment and foster home placements forms an inverted "U."
  
  
  METHODS
  The hypothesis was tested with data from California for 137 months beginning in February 1984.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Findings showed that the hypothesis was supported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rising joblessness increases the incidence of foster home placements among families that lose jobs or income. Levels of joblessness that threaten workers who remain employed, however, inhibit antisocial behavior and reduce the incidence of foster home placements. This means that accounting for the social costs of unemployment is more complicated than assumed under the provocation theory.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, USA.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Catalano
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Lind
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Rosenblatt
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Attkisson
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D002140:California; D002648:Child; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005581:Foster Home Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D011582:Psychological Theory; D012307:Risk Factors; D012621:Seasons; D012920:Social Behavior Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*; D014478:Unemployment / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends