title: Leader behavior impact on staff nurse empowerment, job tension, and work effectiveness.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors tested a model linking specific leader-empowering behaviors to staff nurse perceptions of workplace empowerment, occupational stress, and work effectiveness in a recently-merged Canadian acute care hospital.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  An integration of Kanter's organizational empowerment theory and Conger and Kunungo's model of the leader empowerment process constituted the theoretical framework for the study. Few published studies were found in which specific leader behaviors were linked empirically to staff nurses' workplace empowerment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Staff nurses (n = 537) were surveyed shortly after a merger of two large tertiary hospitals. Structural equation modeling techniques were used to test the proposed model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Leader-empowering behaviors significantly influenced employees perceptions of formal and informal power and access to empowerment structures (information support, resources, and opportunity). Higher perceived access to empowerment structures predicted lower levels of job tension and increased work effectiveness. The amount of explained variance in the final model was 42%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Support for the model tested in this study highlights the importance of nurse managers' leadership behaviors within current turbulent healthcare organizations.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Laschinger
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: McMahon
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kaufmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002170:Canada; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D017598:Efficiency, Organizational / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007857:Leadership; D008297:Male; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000523:psychology*; D011209:Power, Psychological; D011590:Psychology, Industrial; D011897:Random Allocation; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014937:Work / Q000523:psychology*