title: Swimming-exercise increases the capacity of perfused rat liver to produce urea from ammonia and L-glutamine.
abstract: We designed this study to determine whether the capacity of the liver to uptake ammonia and produce urea was affected by exercise (swimming at 24 degrees C with a 2.5% extra body-weight load). For this purpose, livers from sedentary rats at rest were perfused with a buffer containing increasing concentration of NH4Cl. The maximal hepatic capacity to produce urea was found at an NH4Cl concentration of 0.25 mM. Based on this finding all experiments with livers obtained from rats subject to swimming exercise were also carried out with a NH4Cl concentration of 0.25 mM. Thus, employing this concentration of ammonia, livers from sedentary and endurance trained rats, (for a period of 11 days ), that had either been resting or had been subjected to swimming exercise for 5 min or until exhaustion, were perfused in situ and ammonia uptake and urea production were measured. Clearly, both parameters were increased by exercise. However, these changes were not affected by swimming training. In addition, we demonstrate that the effect of an acute exercise on hepatic metabolism is not restricted to ammonia metabolism since livers from sedentary rats which had been subjected to swimming exercise for 5 min or until exhaustion showed higher urea production from L-glutamine. Our results also suggest that part of the changes in ureogenesis induced by exercise is mediated by cortisol (increased ammonia uptake) and part of the changes is mediated by glucagon (urea production).
authors.affiliation: University Paranaense, Umuarama, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Ceddia
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Curi
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Bazotte
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000643:Ammonium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005973:Glutamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D010477:Perfusion; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology*; D014508:Urea / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000643:Ammonium Chloride; D005973:Glutamine; D000641:Ammonia; D014508:Urea