title: Element release and cytotoxicity of Pd-Cu binary alloys.
abstract: The release of elements from a series of palladium-copper alloys into cell-culture medium was measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The effect of the alloys on the succinyl dehydrogenase activity of Balb/c 3T3 fibroblasts was also measured. Palladium inhibited the release of Cu in alloys up to 70 atomic weight percent Cu. Below 70 at. % Cu, Cu release was < 0.8 micrograms/cm2 at 72 hours. Palladium release was lower from pure Pd (0.08 micrograms/cm2) at 72 hours than from Pd-Cu alloys containing > 70 at. % Cu, where it increased to 1.2 micrograms/cm2. The cytotoxicity of the alloys correlated closely with the release of Cu, becoming markedly cytotoxic above 70 at. % Cu, when Cu release was greater than 2.2 micrograms/cm2.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1078, USA.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wataha
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Craig
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Hanks
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D010165:Palladium / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys; D010165:Palladium; D003300:Copper; D010088:Oxidoreductases