title: PDGF induces an early and a late wave of PI 3-kinase activity, and only the late wave is required for progression through G1.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) triggers cytoskeletal rearrangements and chemotaxis within minutes. These events are at least in part due to the activation of phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase; there is good temporal correlation between these events and the accumulation of 3-phosphorylated products of the kinase. Prolonged and continuous PDGF exposure results in S-phase entry many hours after the initial burst of activity. Although early signals appear responsible for the early responses, they may not fully account for later responses, such as cell-cycle progression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We assessed when PI 3-kinase products accumulate in PDGF-stimulated cells. In addition to the previously identified early accumulation of products, we detected a second, prolonged wave of accumulation 3-7 hours after stimulation. To determine the relative contribution of each phase to PDGF-dependent DNA synthesis, we first developed an assay in which synthetic 3-phosphorylated lipids were used to rescue DNA synthesis in cells expressing a PDGF-receptor mutant. The lipids rescued DNA synthesis only when added 2-6 hours after PDGF. In addition, PI 3-kinase inhibitors failed to block PDGF-dependent DNA synthesis if added during the first wave of PI 3-kinase activity, but adding them later, in G1 phase, prevented PDGF-dependent cell-cycle progression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PDGF induces distinct waves of PI 3-kinase activity. The second wave is required for PDGF-dependent DNA synthesis, whereas the initial wave is not. One of the ways in which cells use PI 3-kinase to mediate distinct cellular responses seems to be by regulating when its products accumulate.
authors.affiliation: Schepens Eye Research Institute, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Klinghoffer
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Prestwich
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Toker
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kazlauskas
mesh_terms: D000730:Androstadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D004261:DNA Replication / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D016193:G1 Phase; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016196:S Phase; D000077191:Wortmannin
chemical_list: D000730:Androstadienes; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D000077191:Wortmannin