title: An evaluation of immunofluorescence and PCR methods for detection of rabies in archival Carnoy-fixed, paraffin-embedded brain tissue.
abstract: Direct immunofluorescence and PCR detection methods were compared for sensitivity in evaluating the rabies status of archival specimens of Carnoy-fixed, paraffin-embedded brain tissue. The material consisted of 23 samples obtained during a rabies outbreak in Finland in 1988, and one sample isolated from a bat researcher who died of rabies in Finland in 1985. These results were compared with the original diagnoses performed on the fresh tissues. The immunofluorescence assay detected 100% (12/12) of the rabies-positive archival cases. A PCR assay designed to detect a 139-bp target near the 5' end of the rabies nucleoprotein gene also detected 100% (12/12) of the samples identified as positive in the fresh tissue specimens. A PCR assay designed to detect a 304-bp target spanning the 139-bp target of the first assay detected only 67% (8/12) of the original cases. No false positives were recorded. Both immunofluorescence detection of antigen and PCR detection of a short region of the nucleoprotein gene are useful in determining the rabies status of fixed, paraffin embedded (archival) material.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kulonen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fekadu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Whitfield
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Warner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D002415:Cats; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000662:veterinary; D004285:Dogs; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D005589:Foxes; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D011818:Rabies / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D011820:Rabies virus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results