title: Characterization of NAD:arginine ADP-ribosyltransferases.
abstract: NAD:arginine mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases catalyze the transfer of ADP-ribose from NAD to the guanidino group of arginine on a target protein. Deduced amino acid sequences of one family (ART1) of mammalian ADP-ribosyltransferases, cloned from muscle and lymphocytes, show hydrophobic amino and carboxyl termini consistent with glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins. The proteins, overexpressed in mammalian cells transfected with the transferase cDNAs, are released from the cell surface with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC), and display immunological and biochemical characteristics consistent with a cell surface, GPI-anchored protein. In contrast, the deduced amino acid sequence of a second family (ART5) of transferases, cloned from murine lymphoma cells and expressed in high abundance in testis, displays a hydrophobic amino terminus, consistent with a signal sequence, but lacks a hydrophobic signal sequence at its carboxyl terminus, suggesting that the protein is destined for export. Consistent with the surface localization of the GPI-linked transferases, multiple surface substrates have been identified in myotubes and activated lymphocytes, and, notably, include integrin alpha subunits. Similar to the bacterial toxin ADP-ribosyltransferases, the mammalian transferases contain the characteristic domains involved in NAD binding and ADP-ribose transfer, including a highly acidic region near the carboxy terminus, which, when disrupted by in vitro mutagenesis, results in a loss of enzymatic activity. The carboxyl half of the protein, synthesized as a fusion protein in E. coli, possessed NADase, but not ADP-ribosyltransferase activity. These findings are consistent with the existence at the carboxyl terminus of ART1 of a catalytically active domain, capable of hydrolyzing NAD, but not of transferring ADP-ribose to a guanidino acceptor.
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary-Critical Care Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1590, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moss
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Balducci
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cavanaugh
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Konczalik
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Lesma
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Okazaki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shoemaker
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zolkiewska
mesh_terms: D036002:ADP Ribose Transferases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010430:Pentosyltransferases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics*; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics*; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D036002:ADP Ribose Transferases; D010430:Pentosyltransferases; C449301:ART1 protein, human; C400745:ART5 protein, mouse