title: A method to detect low-level 63Ni activity for estimating fast neutron fluence from the Hiroshima atomic bomb.
abstract: The Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombs resulted in the worst reported exposure of radiation to the human body. The data of survivors have provided the basis for the risk estimation for ionizing radiation, and thus are widely used as the basis of radiation safety. In this report we have studied a new method to detect the low-level 63Ni activity in copper samples in order to estimate the fast neutron fluence from the Hiroshima atomic bomb. Only 0.8 x 10(-3) Bq g(-1) of 63Ni is expected to be produced by the atomic bomb in a copper sample with the 63Cu(n, p)63Ni reaction at a distance of 500 m from the hypocenter. Our method has the required level of sensitivity for determination of the fast neutron fluence out to distances of at least 500 m, and perhaps as far as 1,000 m. We have already investigated and collected some bomb-irradiated copper samples for further study.
authors.affiliation: High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tanashi, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imamura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nogawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uwamino
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shizuma
mesh_terms: D001610:Beta Particles; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D005214:Fast Neutrons; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D009532:Nickel / Q000032:analysis*; D009689:Nuclear Warfare; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D011868:Radioisotopes; D003300:Copper; D009532:Nickel