title: Heterogeneity of Chinese hamster X chromosomes in X-ray-induced chromosomal aberrations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the frequencies and distribution of X-ray-induced chromosomal aberrations in different arms as well as different regions of the long arms of Chinese hamster X chromosomes by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).
  
  
  METHODS
  Female embryonic primary cells of Chinese hamster were exposed to 1 and 4 Gy X-rays during the G1 stage and metaphases were collected 20 h later with colcemid-blocking. Induced aberrations involving different arms as well as different regions of the long arm of the X chromosomes were analysed by three-colour FISH using arm-specific painting probes. Distributions of aberrations in the arms were statistically analysed by chi2-test, with the hypothesis that aberrations are proportionally distributed on the basis of their relative lengths of the arms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The long arms of the X chromosomes were frequently involved in breaks than was the short arm. The result of the chi2-test indicates a non-proportional distribution of breaks between the arms, while exchanges (dicentrics and translocations) involving the arms were proportionally distributed. Differential involvement of regions of the long arm, i.e. Xq1 and Xq2, in breaks was also observed. Xq21, a known common fragile site in the X chromosome, was often involved in terminal deletions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Arm-specific probes of Chinese hamster chromosomes are useful for the detailed study of X-ray-induced aberrations in the X chromosome. The heterogeneity of the Chinese hamster X chromosome in response to X-ray-induced aberrations exists not only between the short (euchromatin) and the long (heterochromatin) arms, but also between different heterochromatic regions of the long arm of the X chromosome.
authors.affiliation: MGC, Department of Radiation Genetics and Chemical Mutagenesis, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Natarajan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D005260:Female; D006570:Heterochromatin / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects*; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D014960:X Chromosome / Q000528:radiation effects*; D014965:X-Rays
chemical_list: D006570:Heterochromatin