title: A comparison of male and female adolescents referred to an eating disorder program.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare gender-related psychopathology and psychiatric diagnoses in male and female adolescents referred to an adolescent eating disorder program.
  
  
  METHODS
  All adolescents presenting at the Eating Disorder Program at our hospital completed the semistructured Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents-Revised (DICA-R) and self-report scales, including the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI-2), and the Family Assessment Measure (FAM-III), during their initial assessment. The 157 subjects (21 male, 136 female) were classified into Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) eating disorder (ED) subtypes and then recombined into male and female restricters (R) and ED-related groups: showing eating-related concerns but not having a DSM-IV diagnosis. We compared the male and female restricter groups and ED-related group on 5 specific psychological dimensions to examine comorbid psychiatric diagnosis, ED-specific and nonspecific psychopathology, EDI clinical and provisional subscales, and family functioning using multivariate analyses of covariance (MANCOVAs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Males endorsed statistically significant lower drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction than did females. However, there are no representative norms for adolescent males on these variables. The ED-related group also endorsed statistically significant lower drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction (specific ED psychopathology) than did the ED-restricter groups. The males in both groups endorsed fewer EDI items than did their female counterparts, but the differences were not statistically significant. Comorbid psychiatric diagnoses of depression and anxiety in male and female restricters were common but did not distinguish the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that male and female adolescents with EDs are clinically similar to each other and therefore resemble adults for lack of gender-specific effects on self-reported psychopathology, family functioning, and comorbid psychiatric disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario. rose.geist@sickkids.on.ca
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Geist
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heinmaa
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Katzman
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stephens
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001526:Behavioral Symptoms / Q000145:classification; D001068:Feeding and Eating Disorders / Q000145:classification* / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000150:complications; D010551:Personality; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent; D012737:Sex Factors