title: Pharmacokinetic imaging of 11C ethanol with PET in eight patients with hepatocellular carcinomas who were scheduled for treatment with percutaneous ethanol injection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the carbon 11 ethanol kinetics with positron emission tomography after intratumoral injection of the tracer and assess its redistribution and dilution in patients who have hepatocellular carcinomas and who were scheduled for treatment with percutaneous ethanol injection.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included eight patients with hepatocellular carcinomas. 11C ethanol was administered via a puncture needle positioned with ultrasonographic guidance. Parametric images based on the Fourier transformation were created for further analysis of the local distribution patterns of the tracer. The ratio of the 45-minute postinjection standardized uptake value to the 5-minute postinjection standardized uptake value was used for the evaluation of ethanol dilution.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five of eight tumors demonstrated almost constant uptake values after the initial distribution phase. In contrast, a rapid elimination of the 11C ethanol from the tumor was documented in three of eight tumors. The 45 minute-to-5 minute ratio was 0.18-0.67 (median value, 0.56) in the tumors. The time-activity curves of the normal liver parenchyma increased slowly but steadily with time owing to a low ethanol elimination from the tumor. Fourier transformation demonstrated inhomogeneous parts on the amplitude images in seven of eight tumors and random redistribution on the phase images in six of eight tumors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inhomogeneous drug distribution and drug dilution in the target area are likely to be the major limiting parameters for therapy response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncological Diagnostics and Therapy, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Strauss
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gutzler
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Irngartinger
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kontaxakis
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Oberdorfer
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: van Kaick
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D000431:Ethanol