title: Risk factors for stroke in type 2 diabetes mellitus: United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) 29.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors for stroke in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 3776 patients aged 25 to 65 years newly diagnosed as having type 2 diabetes mellitus without known cardiovascular or other serious disease were studied for a median of 7.9 years. An initial stepwise evaluation of risk factors was done in 2704 patients with all risk factors measured, with the final Cox model analysis being of 3776 patients who had complete data on the selected variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 3776 patients, 99 (2.6%) had a stroke. Significant risk factors for stroke in a multivariate model were age (estimated hazard ratio [95% confidence interval], 4.78 [2.56-8.92] for > or =60 vs <50 years), male sex (1.63 [1.08-2.47)] vs female), hypertension (2.47 [1.64-3.74)] vs normotension), and in 3728 patients who had electrocardiography at study entry, atrial fibrillation (8.05 [3.52-18.44] vs sinus rhythm). Obesity, lack of exercise, smoking, poor glycemic control, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, and microalbuminuria were not significantly associated with stroke in the model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with type 2 diabetes, aggressive antihypertensive therapy and routine anticoagulation therapy for atrial fibrillation may reduce the risk of stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Fremantle.
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Millns
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Stratton
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Holman
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Turner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000150:complications; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D006113:United Kingdom
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008055:Lipids