title: Differences in preferences for neonatal outcomes among health care professionals, parents, and adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In neonatal intensive care, parents make important clinical management decisions in conjunction with health care professionals. Yet little information is available on whether preferences of health care professionals and parents for the resulting health outcomes differ.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To measure and compare preferences for selected health states from the perspectives of health care professionals (ie, neonatologists and neonatal nurses), parents of extremely low-birth-weight (ELBW) or normal birth-weight infants, and adolescents who were either ELBW or normal birth-weight infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 742 participants were recruited and interviewed between 1993 and 1995, including 100 neonatologists from hospitals throughout Canada; 103 neonatal nurses from 3 regional neonatal intensive care units; 264 adolescents (aged 12-16 years), including 140 who were ELBW infants and 124 sociodemographically matched term controls; and 275 parents of the recruited adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Preferences (utilities) for 4 to 5 hypothetical health states of children were obtained by direct interviews using the standard gamble method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, neonatologists and nurses had similar preferences for the 5 health states, and a similar proportion rated some health states as worse than death (59% of neonatologists and 68% of nurses; P=.20). Health care professionals rated the health states lower than did parents of ELBW and term infants (P<.001). Overall, 64% of health care professionals and 45% of parents rated 1 or more health states to be worse than death (P<.001). Differences in mean utility scores between health care professionals and parents and adolescent respondents were most pronounced for the 2 most severely disabled health states (P<.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When asked to rate the health-related quality of life for the hypothetical conditions of children, health care professionals tend to provide lower utility scores than do adolescents and their parents. These findings have implications for decision making in the neonatal intensive care unit.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University and Children's Hospital at Hamilton Health Sciences Corporation, Ontario, Canada. saigal@fhs.mcmaster.ca
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saigal
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Stoskopf
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Feeny
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Furlong
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Burrows
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Rosenbaum
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hoult
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002170:Canada; D035061:Control Groups; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003657:Decision Making; D006262:Health; D015276:Health Care Rationing; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D015931:Intensive Care, Neonatal / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital / Q000523:psychology*; D017283:Neonatal Nursing; D009359:Neonatology; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000523:psychology*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011788:Quality of Life; D026712:Value of Life