title: Potential cost savings attributable to influenza vaccination of school-aged children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the costs and benefits of influenza vaccination of healthy school-aged children.
  
  
  METHODS
  The analysis was based on data from the literature. Total costs included direct medical costs for vaccination, physician visits, and treatment as well as indirect costs. Indirect costs were in the form of lost productivity when working parents stayed home to care for ill children or to take children to an office for vaccination. The total costs of vaccination strategies were compared with the total cost of not vaccinating. For the base case, the vaccine was assumed to have no effect on rates of otitis media.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hypothetical scenarios were investigated 1) individual-initiated vaccination and 2) vaccination in a group-based setting. The former scenario required the child to be accompanied to a clinic by a parent during usual work hours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vaccination resulted in a net savings per child vaccinated of $4 for individual-initiated vaccination and of $35 for group-based vaccination. The savings were caused primarily by averted indirect costs. Moderate increases in the cost of vaccination or reductions in the rate of influenza would eliminate the savings for individual-initiated vaccination but not for group-based vaccination. Alternatively, if influenza vaccination was effective in reducing rates of otitis media, the net savings from vaccination would be substantially higher than the base case.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vaccination of school-aged children against influenza could have substantial financial benefits to society, especially if performed in a group-based setting. influenza, cost-effectiveness, vaccination, children, cost.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lavoie
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Nettleman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017046:Cost Savings / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004180:Direct Service Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000191:economics*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000191:economics* / Q000517:prevention & control; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000191:economics / Q000517:prevention & control; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007252:Influenza Vaccines