title: Involvement of T3Ralpha- and beta-receptor subtypes in mediation of T3 functions during postnatal murine intestinal development.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Thyroid hormones are implicated in intestinal development. Their effects are mediated by nuclear receptors, which are transcriptional regulators activated upon binding of triiodothyronine. The aim of this study was to define the involvement of the receptor subtypes during intestinal development.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used strains of knockout mice lacking T3Ralpha, T3Rbeta, or both receptors, encoded by T3Ralpha and T3Rbeta genes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Morphological features and expression of digestive enzymes and of two intestinal regulators, Cdx-1 and Cdx-2, were compared in wild-type and T3Ralpha, T3Rbeta, and T3Ralphabeta knockout animals. T3Ralpha-/- mice had abnormal intestinal morphology, assessed by a decrease in the number of epithelial cells along the crypt-villus axis and a decrease in proliferating crypt cells. Expression of Cdx-1 and Cdx-2, and of the digestive enzymes, was down-regulated. These parameters can be partially reversed by T3 injection. A similar (jejunum) or more severe (ileum) phenotype was found in T3Ralphabeta double mutants. In contrast, no changes occurred in T3Rbeta mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data describe for the first time a direct effect of TH through the T3Ralpha-receptor subtypes on postnatal intestinal mucosa maturation. They also suggest that T3Rbeta receptors are dispensable but can partially substitute for T3Ralpha.
authors.affiliation: INSERM Unité 381, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Plateroti
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Chassande
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fraichard
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gauthier
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Freund
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Samarut
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kedinger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000254:growth & development*; D007267:Injections; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000473:pathology; D007536:Isomerism; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout / Q000235:genetics; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone; D014284:Triiodothyronine