title: Translocation of protein kinase Cepsilon and protein kinase Cdelta to membrane is required for ultraviolet B-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and apoptosis.
abstract: UV-induced signal transduction may be involved in tumor promotion and induction of apoptosis. The role of protein kinase C (PKC) in UVB-induced signal transduction is not well understood. This study showed that UVB markedly induced translocation of membrane-associated PKCepsilon and PKCdelta, but not PKCalpha, from cytosol to membrane. Dominant negative mutant (DNM) PKCepsilon or PKCdelta inhibited UVB-induced translocation of PKCepsilon and PKCdelta, respectively. UVB-induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (Erks) and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNKs) was strongly inhibited by DNM PKCepsilon and PKCdelta, whereas the DNM of PKCalpha was less effective on the UVB-induced phosphorylation of Erks and JNKs. Among the PKC inhibitors used only rottlerin, a selective inhibitor of PKCdelta, markedly inhibited the UVB-induced activation of Erks and JNKs, but not p38 kinases. Safingol, a selective inhibitor for PKCalpha, did not show any inhibitory effect on UVB-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. GF109203X is a stronger inhibitor of classical PKC than novel PKC. Lower concentrations of GF109203X (<10 microM) had no effect on UVB-induced activation of Erks or JNKs. However, at higher concentrations (over 20 microM), GF109203X inhibited UVB-induced activation of JNKs, Erks, and even p38 kinases. Meanwhile, rottlerin and GF109203X markedly inhibited UVB-induced apoptosis of JB6 cells, whereas safingol had little inhibitory effect. DNM-Erk2 cells and PD98059, a selective inhibitor for mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 that directly activates Erks, inhibited UVB-induced apoptosis. DNM-JNK1 cells also blocked UVB-induced apoptosis, whereas SB202190, a specific inhibitor for p38 kinases, did not produce the inhibitory effect. These data demonstrate that PKCdelta and PKCepsilon, but not PKCalpha, mediate UVB-induced signal transduction and apoptosis in JB6 cells through activation of Erks and JNKs.
authors.affiliation: Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota 55912, USA.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: W y
authors.initials: Wy
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dong
mesh_terms: D000098:Acetophenones / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000528:radiation effects*; D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000494:pharmacology; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000528:radiation effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008301:Maleimides / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D009154:Mutation; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051571:Protein Kinase C-alpha; D051745:Protein Kinase C-delta; D051744:Protein Kinase C-epsilon; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000528:radiation effects; D013110:Sphingosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D000098:Acetophenones; D001578:Benzopyrans; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D007093:Imidazoles; D007211:Indoles; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008301:Maleimides; D011725:Pyridines; C085746:rottlerin; C497259:Prkcd protein, mouse; C497256:Prkce protein, mouse; C496630:Prkca protein, mouse; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D051571:Protein Kinase C-alpha; D051745:Protein Kinase C-delta; D051744:Protein Kinase C-epsilon; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; C070515:bisindolylmaleimide I; D013110:Sphingosine; C005682:safingol; C090942:4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)imidazole; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one