title: Expression of the rat liver carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT-Ialpha) gene is regulated by Sp1 and nuclear factor Y: chromosomal localization and promoter characterization.
abstract: Carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT)-I catalyses the transfer of long-chain fatty acids from CoA to carnitine for translocation across the mitochondrial inner membrane. Expression of the 'liver' isoform of the CPT-I gene (CPT-Ialpha) is subject to developmental, hormonal and tissue-specific regulation. To understand the basis for control of CPT-Ialpha gene expression, we have characterized the proximal promoter of the CPT-Ialpha gene. Here, we report the sequence of 6839 base pairs of the promoter and the localization of the rat CPT-Ialpha gene to region q43 on chromosome 1. Our studies show that the first 200 base pairs of the promoter are sufficient to drive transcription of the CPT-Ialpha gene. Within this region are two sites that bind both Sp1 and Sp3 transcription factors. In addition, nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) binds the proximal promoter. Mutation at the Sp1 or NF-Y sites severely decreases transcription from the CPT-Ialpha promoter. Other protein binding sites were identified within the first 200 base pairs of the promoter by DNase I footprinting, and these elements contribute to CPT-Ialpha gene expression. Our studies demonstrate that CPT-Ialpha is a TATA-less gene which utilizes NF-Y and Sp proteins to drive basal expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee, 874 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Steffen
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: F F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Elder
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D002334:Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase / Q000235:genetics*; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D004247:DNA; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000502:physiology*; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D051381:Rats; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor / Q000502:physiology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor; D004247:DNA; D002334:Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase