title: Interleukin 1beta increases arginine accumulation and activates the citrulline-NO cycle in rat pancreatic beta cells.
abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) may contribute to pancreatic beta cell damage during the development of type 1 diabetes. Its formation can be triggered by cytokines which induce the expression of the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in pancreatic islets. In the iNOS-catalyzed reaction, arginine is converted into citrulline and NO. Cellular NO formation may be regulated by the availability of arginine. Arginine can be provided extracellularly, entering the cell mainly through the cationic amino acid transporter system y+CAT, and intracellularly, by protein degradation or synthesis from citrulline (the citrulline-NO cycle). This study demonstrates for the first time that the citrulline-NO cycle is induced in FACS-purified rat beta cells exposed to interleukin-1beta(IL-1beta) and that extracellular arginine or citrulline is required for NO production by beta cells. Moreover, the accumulation of arginine was higher in IL-1beta-treated beta cells than in control cells.beta cells expressed mRNAs for the two y+CAT transporters CAT-2A and CAT-2B with no change in transporter expression after exposure to IL-1beta. It is concluded that the activation of the citrulline-NO cycle and an increase in arginine accumulation may be adaptive responses in cytokine-exposed beta-cells to assure an adequate arginine supply for continuous NO production in the presence of low extracellular arginine levels which may prevail during insulitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Flodström
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Smismans
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schuit
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Pipeleers
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Eizirik
mesh_terms: D026905:Amino Acid Transport Systems; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000378:metabolism*; D001692:Biological Transport; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002956:Citrulline / Q000502:physiology*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000502:physiology*; D008239:Lysine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D026905:Amino Acid Transport Systems; D000596:Amino Acids; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D007375:Interleukin-1; D002956:Citrulline; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D001120:Arginine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; D008239:Lysine