title: Early- and traditionally weaned nursery pigs benefit from phase-feeding pharmacological concentrations of zinc oxide: effect on metallothionein and mineral concentrations.
abstract: Benefits of feeding pharmacological concentrations of zinc (Zn) provided by Zn oxide (ZnO) to 21-d conventionally weaned pigs in the nursery have been documented; however, several management questions remain. We conducted two experiments to evaluate the effect on growth from feeding 3,000 ppm Zn as ZnO during different weeks of the nursery period. In Exp. 1 (n = 138, 11.5 d of age, 3.8 kg BW) and Exp. 2 (n = 246, 24.5 d of age, 7.2 kg BW), pigs were fed either basal diets containing 100 ppm supplemental Zn (adequate) or the same diet with an additional 3,000 ppm Zn (high) supplied as ZnO. Pigs were fed four or two dietary phases in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively, that changed in dietary ingredients and nutrient content (lysine and crude protein) to meet the changing physiological needs of the pigs for the 28-d nursery period. Dietary Zn treatments were 1) adequate Zn fed wk 1 to 4, 2) high Zn fed wk 1, 3) high Zn fed wk 2, 4) high Zn fed wk 1 and 2, 5) high Zn fed wk 2 and 3, and 6) high Zn fed wk 1 to 4. In Exp. 1 and 2, pigs fed high Zn for wk 1 and 2 or the entire 28-d nursery period had the greatest (P < .05) ADG. During any week, pigs fed high Zn had greater concentrations of hepatic metallothionein and Zn in plasma, liver, and kidney than those pigs fed adequate Zn (P < .05). In summary, both early- and traditionally weaned pigs need to be fed pharmacological concentrations of Zn provided as ZnO for a minimum of 2 wk immediately after weaning to enhance growth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, USA.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Link
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008668:Metallothionein / Q000378:metabolism*; D008903:Minerals / Q000378:metabolism*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine / Q000254:growth & development*; D014886:Weaning; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D008903:Minerals; D008668:Metallothionein; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D015034:Zinc Oxide