title: [Elevation of serum and urine tumor necrosis factor levels after transurethral resection of the prostate].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies have suggested that inflammatory cytokines are major mediator of the acute phase protein response after surgery. The aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between the degree of surgical trauma and the change of serum and urine cytokine levels after transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR-P).
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum and urine concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), interleukin-6 (IL 6), and interleukin-1 (IL 1) were evaluated in 55 patients who underwent TUR-P and in 23 patients who underwent abdominal surgery. The samples were collected periodically before and after an intervention, and the concentrations of cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The concentration of serum TNF was significantly increased 6 hours after TUR-P. Since serum TNF level was not increased after abdominal surgery, serum TNF level was significantly higher after TUR-P than after abdominal surgery. Serum IL 6 and IL 1 levels were not increased after TUR-P. Urine levels of TNF, IL 6 and IL 1 were significantly increased after TUR-P, meanwhile no significant elevation of urine cytokine levels was recognized in the patients who underwent abdominal surgery. The elevation of urine cytokine levels was thought to be caused by the increased production of cytokines at the surgically resected sites. The urine TNF level after TUR-P was increased related to the resected tissue volume and irrigation fluid volume. The preoperative urinary tract infection caused excessive elevation of the urine TNF level after TUR-P. The urine TNF level after TUR-P also tended to be increased depending on the degree of postoperative pyrexia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate the unique response of TNF to TUR-P. Measurement of serum and urine TNF levels after TUR-P can be a useful index for evaluating the perioperative condition of the patients undergoing TUR-P.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kitasato Institute Hospital.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Irie
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kadowaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Toda
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamada
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha