title: B-virus specific-pathogen-free breeding colonies of macaques (Macaca mulatta): retrospective study of seven years of testing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  National Institutes of Health's Division of Comparative Medicine has sponsored a multi-institutional program for the establishment of specific-pathogen-free (SPF) macaque colonies. B virus (Herpesvirus simiae, Cercopithecine herpesvirus type 1) has been targeted in this surveillance. Participating institutions have established individual timetables for frequency of testing and types of monitoring and husbandry techniques, all with the common goal of producing pathogen-free monkeys for research. The greatest biosecurity threat to the program comes from failure to detect seronegative latent infections, either in first-year macaques or macaques introduced in subsequent years, although these are supposed to operate as closed colonies.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 1990 through December 1996, we screened macaques for B virus, using enzyme-linked immunoabsorbant assay (ELISA) and Western blot analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the first year, 1,097 macaques from six colonies were tested, and 88.4% tested negative for B virus. During the seventh year, 1,843 were tested, of which 99.7% tested negative. Seropositive macaques were detected as late as the seventh year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An aggressive program to establish an SPF colony of captive breeding macaques can be effective in reducing the risk of B-virus exposure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology and Immunology, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Hilliard
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ward
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006566:Herpesviridae Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology; D006568:Herpesvirus 1, Cercopithecine / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008253:Macaca mulatta / Q000821:virology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012698:Serologic Tests; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral