title: Effects of filtration and gamma radiation on the accumulation of RANTES and transforming growth factor-beta1 in apheresis platelet concentrates during storage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Platelet-derived biologic response modifiers (BRMs) including RANTES and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 accumulate in platelet components during storage because of platelet activation, and they may play a causative role in nonhemolytic febrile transfusion reactions. The majority of PCs with high unit values are provided by single donor apheresis in Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  RANTES and TGF-beta1 levels in platelet units prepared from single-donor apheresis platelet concentrates (apheresis PCs) and units from whole blood (buffy coat PCs) were investigated. The effects of prestorage and poststorage filtration and gamma radiation on the levels of RANTES and TGF-beta1 in the supernatant of apheresis PCs during storage were also examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The levels of RANTES and TGF-beta1 increased during storage from Day 0 to Day 5. The levels of RANTES and of TGF-beta1 correlated with the platelet concentration (p<0.01), but not with the residual white cell concentration in apheresis PCs that were not white cell reduced by filtration (p>0.05). In addition, there was a correlation between RANTES and TGF-beta1 levels (p<0.01). In white cell-reduced apheresis PCs using negatively charged filters as well as in gamma-radiated apheresis PCs, the levels of these two BRMs-did not differ at any storage time from those of untreated apheresis PCs. Filtration of apheresis PCs with negatively charged filters after 3 days of storage significantly (p<0.05) reduced the levels of RANTES, but not of TGF-beta1. There was no reduction in the levels of RANTES and TGF-beta1 levels by positively charged filters. The RANTES levels in buffy coat PCs were slightly higher than but not significantly different from those of apheresis PCs during storage, except for the level on Day 1. There were no differences in the TGF-beta1 levels in apheresis and buffy coat PCs during storage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prestorage filtration and gamma radiation had neither preventive effects on the accumulation of RANTES and TGF-beta1 nor adverse effects on platelet activation. Negatively charged filters might be useful for the reducing the levels of RANTES in stored apheresis PCs.
authors.affiliation: Hokkaido Red Cross Blood Center, Sapporo, Japan. fujihara@hrbc.or.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujihara
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikebuchi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wakamoto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sekiguchi
mesh_terms: D001782:Blood Donors; D001793:Blood Preservation; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000097:blood*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D005374:Filtration; D005720:Gamma Rays; D006801:Humans; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D010983:Plateletpheresis; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D016207:Cytokines; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta