title: Increased pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory compounds (sTNFRp55 and sTNFRp75) in Brazilian patients during exanthematic dengue fever.
abstract: Pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) as well as anti-inflammatory compounds, soluble TNF-Receptor p55 (sTNFRp55), sTNFRp75 and IL-1 receptor antagonist (sIL-1Ra), were investigated in 34 Brazilian cases of dengue fever (DF) originated from a study of exanthematic virosis. The presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines was detected in sera from these patients by ELISA. TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels were significantly higher than control subjects in 32% and 52% patients, respectively. To our knowledge this was the first time a receptor antagonist and soluble receptors for cytokines were detected in sera obtained during exanthematic DF without hemorrhagic manifestations. Both sTNFRp55 and sTNFRp75 were consistently elevated in 42% and 84% patients, respectively. Most patients had IL-1beta levels not different from those of normal subjects, except for one case. Only 16% patients had altered levels of IL-1Ra. Previous studies in dengue hemorrhagic fever patients demonstrated production of these soluble factors; here we observed that they are found in absence of hemorrhagic manifestations. The possible role of these anti-inflammatory compounds in immune cell activation and in regulating cytokine-mediated pathogenesis during dengue infection is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21045-900, Brasil.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Braga
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Nogueira
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Kubelka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D001938:Brazil; D003715:Dengue / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D005076:Exanthema; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015850:Interleukin-6; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha