title: Mass envenomations by honey bees and wasps.
abstract: Stinging events involving honey bees and wasps are rare; most deaths or clinically important incidents involve very few stings (< 10) and anaphylactic shock. However, mass stinging events can prove life-threatening via the toxic action of the venom when injected in large amounts. With the advent of the Africanized honey bee in the southwestern United States and its potential for further spread, mass envenomation incidents will increase. Here we review the literature on mass stinging events involving honey bees and wasps (i.e., yellowjackets, wasps, and hornets). Despite different venom composition in the two insect groups, both may cause systemic damage and involve hemolysis, rhabdomyolysis, and acute renal failure. Victim death may occur due to renal failure or cardiac complications. With supportive care, however, most victims should be able to survive attacks from hundreds of wasps or approximately 1000 honey bees.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside 92521, USA. vetter@citrus.ucr.edu
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Vetter
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Visscher
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Camazine
mesh_terms: D000707:Anaphylaxis / Q000209:etiology; D000818:Animals; D001514:Bee Venoms; D001516:Bees; D006801:Humans; D007299:Insect Bites and Stings / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D001514:Bee Venoms