title: Abnormal involuntary movements in neuroleptic-naive children and adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of and identify risk factors for abnormal involuntary movements in a well-characterized community sample of neuroleptic-naive children and adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) was administered to 390 subjects aged 3-17 years who were in foster care. Additional instruments were used to assess intellect and behaviour problems.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total 12.6% of subjects had at least 1 rating of "mild" movements on AIMS; these included 4.1% with at least 2 ratings of "mild" or 2 of "moderate" severity. Significant risk factors for movement disorder were younger age, lower IQ, and more severe behaviour problems. The abnormal movements were usually orofacial, and the affected subjects were generally unaware of these movements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The base prevalence of abnormal involuntary movements must be considered in children and adolescents assessed for medication in order to determine the true rate of motor side effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Magulac
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Landsverk
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Golshan
authors.forename: D V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Jeste
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005581:Foster Home Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index