title: Helicobacter pylori infection and insulin requirement among children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Helicobacter pylori induces gastric inflammation and the the production of cytokines in infected individuals. Theoretically, this increased production of cytokines could be deleterious for the control of the glycemia of patients with diabetes. This study aimed to describe the insulin requirement among patients with type 1 diabetes and H pylori infection compared with uninfected counterparts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional design. Demographic information (age, gender, race, annual family income, and number of individuals per room in the household) and clinical information (age at diagnosis of diabetes, duration of illness, weight, height, compliance with clinical appointments, daily insulin units per kilogram of body weight [IU/kg/d], and glycosylated hemoglobin A level) was obtained from children and adolescents with diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus who were seen at Children's Hospital in New Orleans. A total of 2 mL of blood was also collected and sera were tested for H pylori-specific immunoglobulin G antibodies using an enzyme immunoassay. The daily insulin requirement among infected and uninfected children was compared, and the effect of other variables was evaluated with multiple linear regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 71 subjects who were evaluated (median age: 11 years), 11 (15.5%) were found to be infected. H pylori infection was more frequent among subjects who were older, who had a lower family income, and who were black. Infected children were found to require more insulin (1.2 vs 0.9 IU/Kg/d) and their glycosylated hemoglobin A level was higher (14.9 vs 11.8) than the level found in uninfected subjects. Multiple linear regression analysis identified H pylori infection duration of illness, race (black), body mass index, and gender (female), to be associated independently with increased daily insulin requirement (IU/kg/d).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  n our study population, children with type 1 diabetes and H pylori infection had an increased daily insulin requirement compared with the requirement of their uninfected peers. The reason for this association requires additional investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University and Children's Hospital, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA. rbeguei@aol.com
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Begue
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mirza
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Compton
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vargas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D044383:Black People; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000208:ethnology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin