title: Mandibular lengthening by distraction osteogenesis in children--a one-year follow-up study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study was undertaken to document whether mandibular length could be increased by distraction osteogenesis in children and what happens to the mandibular position 1 year after the distraction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five patients with hemifacial microsomia (four unilateral, one bilateral) had distraction osteogenesis performed to lengthen the mandible. All patients had cephalometric and panoramic radiographs obtained before and 3, 6, and 12 months after the distraction osteogenesis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total mandibular length (Co-Gn) on the affected side was increased by 11.2 mm after the distraction and remained stable during a 1-year observation period. However, the increased mandibular length tended to move the chin downward (8 mm) more than forward (2 mm) during the same period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Distraction osteogensis can be used to lengthen the hypoplastic mandible. However, most of the increased mandibular length moved the chin downward more than forward.
authors.affiliation: Craniofacial Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: W Y
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Liou
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Y R
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000202:Activator Appliances; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D002680:Chin / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D016267:External Fixators; D005146:Facial Asymmetry / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008334:Mandible / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D019857:Osteogenesis, Distraction; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic