title: The effect of feeding level and physiological status on total flow and amino acid composition of endogenous protein at the distal ileum in swine.
abstract: An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of BW, feed intake, and the physiological condition of the animal on the loss and amino acid composition of endogenous protein in swine. Ten growing barrows and five multiparous sows were equipped with a T-cannula in the distal ileum for digesta collection. A protein-free diet was fed to all animals. The barrows were given free access to the experimental diet. The sows also were allowed to consume the diet on an ad libitum basis, and digesta were collected during lactation and in the following gestation period. In addition, digesta from the gravid sows were collected after restricting the sows to 2 kg of feed per day. For each animal group, the endogenous losses of protein and amino acids were calculated in relation to DMI, and the amino acid composition of endogenous protein was calculated. The total endogenous gut protein loss at the distal ileum of growing pigs, lactating sows, and gestating sows, given free access to feed, was 12.4, 9.4, and 11.2 g/kg DMI, respectively. These values were not different (P > .10). However, when gestating sows were fed only 2 kg/d, 17.8 g of endogenous protein was lost per kilogram of DMI, which was higher (P < .05) than for any of the other groups. This difference was mainly caused by higher (P < .05) losses of glycine, proline, and serine. There were no differences (P > .05) in amino acid composition of endogenous protein between growing pigs, lactating sows, and gestating sows given free access to feed, but restricted-fed gestating sows had an amino acid composition of endogenous protein that was significantly different from that of the other groups. The results from the experiment showed that age, BW, and the physiological condition of the animal have little or no effect on the amount of endogenous protein and amino acids lost at the distal ileum of hogs if calculated in relation to DMI. Likewise, the amino acid composition was not affected by the BW or physiological condition of the animal. However, DMI had a significant effect on endogenous protein losses in sows as well as on amino acid composition of endogenous protein.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA.
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Trottier
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bellaver
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Easter
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004063:Digestion; D002149:Energy Intake; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility; D006799:Housing, Animal; D007082:Ileum / Q000378:metabolism*; D007774:Lactation; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D013552:Swine / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D004044:Dietary Proteins