title: Quantitation of nucleolar organizer regions by image analysis in glottic squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To apply computer image analysis as a quantitative method for analyzing interphase nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) to determine whether this proliferative marker provides useful prognostic information in glottic squamous cell carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective testing of biopsy samples and resected tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nova Scotia Regional Cancer Centre and regional hospitals in Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island, Canada.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with primary glottic cancer presenting to the cancer centre between 1984 and 1991.
  
  
  METHODS
  Semiautomated image analysis was used to measure the nuclear area and the NOR area in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumour samples.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mean nuclear area, mean NOR area and NOR percentage of nuclear area, calculated as the mean NOR area divided by the mean nuclear area, expressed as a percentage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 154 cases, 90 samples were received; however, 8 paraffin blocks were exhausted and 29 samples stained poorly due to extent of fixation. Analysis of the remaining 53 cases, all primary squamous cell carcinomas, showed no statistically significant association between, on one hand, mean NOR area or NOR percentage of nuclear area and, on the other hand, tumour grade, tumour stage, tumour recurrence or disease-related death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study does not demonstrate a prognostic value of NOR measurement as a proliferative marker in primary glottic squamous carcinoma. However, given the small number of cases in this study, further research should be conducted using a larger number of cases from one centre and comparing NOR measures with other markers of cell proliferation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sagar
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Laybolt
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Foyle
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005931:Glottis; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009697:Nucleolus Organizer Region / Q000378:metabolism*; D011379:Prognosis; D016622:Silver Staining
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor