title: Microbial, physical, and chemical quality of packaged ice in Florida.
abstract: In a statewide survey, ice samples purchased at retail were evaluated for labeling information and microbiological, chemical, and physical quality. Only 11% of bags from on-premises manual facilities, compared to 79% for off-premises mechanical facilities, had appropriate label information. One ice sample exceeded the state regulatory limit for aerobic plate count (APC) (<500 CFU/ml). Yeasts and molds were detected in 12% of the samples. No Listeria monocytogenes were found in any of the samples. Coliform counts exceeding the state regulatory limit (<1/100 ml) were observed in 13.5% of manual, on-premises facilities compared to 3.6% of samples from mechanical, off-premises facilities. No significant differences were detected between samples from on- and off-premises facilities with regard to chemical composition (e.g., aluminum, ammonium, boron, barium, calcium, cadmium, chloride, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, nickel, nitrate, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, silicon, and zinc), electrical conductivity, or pH. All samples analyzed were in compliance with appropriate Environmental Protection Agency drinking water standards. In general, all ice samples were acceptable in terms of water hardness values. Approximately 33% of samples from off-premises facilities and 62% of the on-premises samples had detectable particulate matter. None of the off-premises samples, compared to 8% of the on-premises samples, had particulate matter in the "pronounced" category.
authors.affiliation: Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611-0370, USA. rschmidt@gnv.ifas.ufl.edu
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Rodrick
mesh_terms: D005431:Florida; D005513:Food Inspection / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000592:standards*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007053:Ice / Q000032:analysis / Q000592:standards*; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis; D014871:Water Microbiology; D014881:Water Supply / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D007053:Ice; D008670:Metals