title: [Urinary disturbance in olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA)--changes during the progression of the disease].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Among spinocerebellar degeneration, syndromes categorized as multiple system atrophy (MSA) are commonly associated with neurogenic bladder, and urinary disturbances change with the disease progression. Accordingly, the changes in the urodynamic findings during the progression of the disease have been studied in the case of Olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA) and OPCA type of MSA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urodynamic study (UDS) was performed more than twice in eight patients (5 males, 3 females, age 48-76, mean 55.0). The interval range between the first examination and follow up examination was 9-93 months (mean 42.4). UDS included cystogram, intravenous pyelography, residual urine volume, cystometry, urethral pressure profilometry, and external sphincter electromyography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The bladder was deformed in almost all patients with the progression of the disease, but the upper urinary tract was properly preserved. Residual urine volume tended to increase, and residual urine rate worsened significantly. The stable detrusor activity seemed to become overactive accompanied by detorusor hyperreflexia, and finally seemed to be acontractile. The normal sphincter activity seemed to become overactive accompanied by detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia, and finally complete relaxation could't be observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that urinary disturbance deteriorates together with other neuropathies as the disease progresses in OPCA. These patients should be continuously observed along with proper urinary management depending on the disease progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Tohoku University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kaiho
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Namima
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uchi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aizawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Orikasa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009849:Olivopontocerebellar Atrophies / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D014563:Urodynamics