title: Patients in the intensive care unit suffer from severe lack of sleep associated with loss of normal melatonin secretion pattern.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) tend to become agitated and confused, and many even develop temporary psychoses (the ICU syndrome). We wondered whether the regulation of sleep and the secretion of melatonin is abnormal in ICU patients. Therefore, we studied the association of sleep-wake pattern in patients hospitalized in the ICU, their melatonin secretion rates, and profile compared with a control group of patients in general medical wards.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sleep was assessed by actigraphy. Urine was collected every 3 hours for 24 hours. Melatonin secretion was assessed by measuring the melatonin metabolite 6-sulphatoxymelatonin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Actigraphy suggested that the ICU patients lacked normal sleep behavior for the entire study period, except for occasional short naps. Compared with controls, the nocturnal peak of melatonin secretion was absent, except in two patients in the nonventilated group, and showed a flat curve.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that lack of sleep is indeed a severe problem in ICU patients and is accompanied by impairment of normal melatonin secretion. The possibility that melatonin administration may prove useful in improving sleep patterns in ICU patients deserves further study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine C, Meir Hospital, Sapir Medical Center, and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shilo
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dagan
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Smorjik
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Weinberg
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dolev
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Komptel
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Balaum
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shenkman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003422:Critical Care; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008550:Melatonin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D008875:Middle Aged; D012892:Sleep Deprivation
chemical_list: C054513:6-sulfatoxymelatonin; D008550:Melatonin