title: Antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy in cocaine-dependent women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to examine the lifetime prevalence of antisocial personality disorder according to five diagnostic systems and the prevalence of psychopathy in a study group of women. The relationship between antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy was also examined. Finally, differences in treatment admission variables based on the presence or absence of antisocial personality disorder and/or psychopathy were evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Antisocial personality disorder was diagnosed in 137 treatment-seeking, cocaine-dependent women according to the Feighner criteria, Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC), and DSM-III, DSM-III-R, and DSM-IV criteria. Psychopathy was assessed by the Revised Psychopathy Checklist.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rates of antisocial personality disorder varied from 76% according to the Feighner criteria to 11% for the RDC. Nineteen percent (N = 26) of the women scored in the moderate to high range on the Revised Psychopathy Checklist. All of these women were diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder according to DSM-III and Feighner criteria, but only 15 of the 26 were diagnosed according to DSM-III-R, 12 according to DSM-IV, and six with the RDC. Moderate levels of psychopathy were associated with a history of illegal activity at treatment admission, whereas antisocial personality disorder was not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was relatively little diagnostic agreement between classification systems. This study indicates that antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy are not synonymous terms for the same disorder. Findings support a need to redefine antisocial personality disorder diagnostic criteria to make them gender neutral by including behaviors associated specifically with antisociality in women.
authors.affiliation: Alcohol and Drug Abuse Institute, University of Washington, Seattle 98105-6696, USA. mruthfrd@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Rutherford
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Cacciola
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Alterman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000987:Antisocial Personality Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D015897:Comorbidity; D019955:Conduct Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011594:Psychometrics; D012737:Sex Factors; D009626:Terminology as Topic