title: Histopathology and gene expression changes in rat liver during feeding of fumonisin B1, a carcinogenic mycotoxin produced by Fusarium moniliforme.
abstract: Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a carcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the fungus Fusarium moniliforme in corn. Feeding of FB1 to rats causes acute liver injury, chronic liver injury progressing to cirrhosis, and sometimes terminates in hepatocellular carcinoma or cholangiocarcinoma. This study describes the histolopathology and changes in gene expression in the rat liver during short-term feeding of FB1. Male Fischer rats were fed either FB1 250 mg/kg or control diet, and were killed weekly for 5 weeks. FB1 caused a predominantly zone 3 'toxic' liver injury, with hepatocyte death due to necrosis and apoptosis. Hepatocyte injury and death were mirrored by hepatic stellate cell proliferation and marked fibrosis, with progressive disturbance of architecture and formation of regenerative nodules. Despite ongoing hepatocyte mitotic activity, oval cell proliferation was noted from week 2, glutathione S-transferase pi-positive hepatic foci and nodules developed and, at later time points, oval cells were noted inside some of the 'atypical' nodules. Northern blot (mRNA) analysis of liver specimens from weeks 3 to 5 showed a progressive increase in gene expression for alpha-fetoprotein, hepatocyte growth factor, transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) and especially TGF-beta1 and c-myc. Immunostaining with LC(1-30) antibody demonstrated a progressive increase in expression of mature TGF-beta1 protein by hepatocytes over the 5 week feeding period. The overexpression of TGF-beta1 may be causally related to the prominent apoptosis and fibrosis seen with FB1-induced liver injury. Increased expression of c-myc may be involved in the cancer promoting effects of FB1.
authors.affiliation: MRC/UCT Liver Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape, South Africa.
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Lemmer
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: de la Motte Hall
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Omori
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Omori
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Shephard
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Gelderblom
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Cruse
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Barnard
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Marasas
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Kirsch
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Thorgeirsson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003893:Desmin / Q000032:analysis; D004032:Diet; D037341:Fumonisins; D005670:Fusarium / Q000737:chemistry*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000032:analysis; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000032:analysis; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha / Q000235:genetics; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental; D003893:Desmin; D037341:Fumonisins; D007527:Isoenzymes; D009183:Mycotoxins; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins; C056933:fumonisin B1; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; C496558:Gstp1 protein, rat