title: The dopamine D2, but not D3 or D4, receptor subtype is essential for the disruption of prepulse inhibition produced by amphetamine in mice.
abstract: Brain dopamine (DA) systems are involved in the modulation of the sensorimotor gating phenomenon known as prepulse inhibition (PPI). The class of D2-like receptors, including the D2, D3, and D4 receptor subtypes, have all been implicated in the control of PPI via studies of DA agonists and antagonists in rats. Nevertheless, the functional relevance of each receptor subtype remains unclear because these ligands are not specific. To determine the relevance of each receptor subtype, we used genetically altered strains of "knock-out" mice lacking the DA D2, D3, or D4 receptors. We tested the effects of each knock-out on both the phenotypic expression of PPI and the disruption of PPI produced by the indirect DA agonist d-amphetamine (AMPH). No phenotypic differences in PPI were observed at baseline. AMPH significantly disrupted PPI in the D2 (+/+) mice but had no effect in the D2 (-/-) mice. After AMPH treatment, both DA D3 and D4 receptor (+/+) and (-/-) mice had significant disruptions in PPI. These findings indicate that the AMPH-induced disruption of PPI is mediated via the DA D2 receptor and not the D3 or D4 receptor subtypes. Uncovering the neural mechanisms involved in PPI will further our understanding of the substrates of sensorimotor gating and could lead to better therapeutics to treat gating disorders, such as schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0804, USA.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Ralph
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Varty
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Caron
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rubinstein
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Grandy
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Low
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Geyer
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000661:Amphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D015259:Dopamine Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000187:drug effects*; D011954:Receptors, Dopamine / Q000187:drug effects*; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000187:drug effects; D050637:Receptors, Dopamine D3; D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4; D013216:Reflex, Startle / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D015259:Dopamine Agents; C493594:Drd3 protein, mouse; C493600:Drd4 protein, mouse; D011954:Receptors, Dopamine; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D050637:Receptors, Dopamine D3; D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4; D000661:Amphetamine