title: Dose-response efficacy of valsartan, a new angiotensin II receptor blocker.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the efficacy and tolerability of a range of valsartan doses in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  122 adult out-patients were randomised in equal numbers to receive valsartan 10 mg, 40 mg, 80 mg, 160 mg or placebo once daily (OD) for 4 weeks in this multicentre, double-blind, fixed-dose, parallel trial. Patients were assessed at 0, 2 and 4 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary efficacy variable was change from baseline in trough mean supine diastolic blood pressure (MSuDBP). Other variables included change from baseline in trough mean supine systolic blood pressure (MSuSBP), responder rates and trough/peak ratio.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All treatments significantly reduced MSuDBP and MSuSBP at 4-week end-point compared to baseline (P < 0.001). The magnitude of blood pressure lowering was greater with increasing doses of valsartan (least square mean change from baseline for placebo, valsartan 10 mg, 40 mg, 80 mg, 160 mg respectively: MSuDBP -4.4 mm Hg, -4.9 mm Hg, -6.5 mm Hg, -8.2 mm Hg, -9.1 mm Hg; MSuSBP -1.3 mm Hg, -3.6 mm Hg, -7.0 mm Hg, -11.1 mm Hg, -11.9 mm Hg). A fitted quadratic curve, to predict relationship between dose and change from baseline in trough MSuDBP, indicated a positive dose response. Responder rates were 16%, 24%, 33%, 46%, 54% for placebo, valsartan 10 mg, 40 mg, 80 mg, 160 mg respectively, which also indicated a positive dose response in the dose range of 10 mg to 160 mg. Greater than 50% of the antihypertensive effect measured at peak persisted at trough for each of the four active treatment groups, confirming efficacy over a 24-h period. No dose-related adverse experiences were observed, with overall incidence (regardless of relationship to trial medication) of 44% with placebo and 44%, 36%, 22%, 21% for valsartan 10 mg, 40 mg, 80 mg, 160 mg respectively. The most common adverse experience reported was headache which occurred most frequently with placebo (12%). No trial drug-related cough was observed. Treatment with valsartan did not produce clinically significant orthostatic changes in diastolic or systolic blood pressure. One case of symptomatic orthostatic hypotension was observed on placebo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this trial show valsartan to effectively lower blood pressure in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension, and demonstrate that the reduction in blood pressure increases with increasing dose levels.
authors.affiliation: Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Pool
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Glazer
authors.forename: Y T
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gatlin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000450:Aldosterone / Q000097:blood; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000097:blood; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011187:Posture; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014633:Valine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068756:Valsartan
chemical_list: D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D013777:Tetrazoles; D000804:Angiotensin II; D000450:Aldosterone; D000068756:Valsartan; D012083:Renin; D014633:Valine