title: The "distal-dorsal difference" as a possible predictor of secondary Raynaud's phenomenon.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the possibility that a hand distal-dorsal difference in temperature of greater than 1 degree C (fingers colder than the dorsum) at a room temperature of 30 degrees C is a good predictor of secondary Raynaud's phenomenon (RP).
  
  
  METHODS
  We imaged the hands of patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon (PRP) and systemic sclerosis (SSc) using a thermal camera at room temperatures of 23 and 30 degrees C. From these images we measured the distal-dorsal difference in temperature for all fingers excluding the thumbs. At a room temperature of 23 degrees C we also performed a cold challenge test using water at 15 degrees C for 1 min and thermally imaged the rewarming process for 15 min. Several variables were derived from the rewarming curve. The procedure was repeated within 3 days to assess reproducibility.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The best discriminator between PRP and SSc was found to be a distal-dorsal difference of > 1 degree C at 30 degrees C (p = 0.005). There is reasonable reproducibility when considering groups of patients. However, the intra-subject standard deviations were large, indicating that measurements for the same patient on separate visits may vary considerably.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that the finding of a distal-dorsal difference of > 1 degree C (cold fingers) at 30 degrees C in a patient with RP is specific for underlying connective tissue disease.
authors.affiliation: University of Manchester Rheumatic Diseases Centre, and Hope Hospital, Salford, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hollis
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jayson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Herrick
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011928:Raynaud Disease / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013817:Thermography / Q000379:methods