title: MR cholangiography of late biliary complications after liver transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of our study was to assess the role of MR cholangiography in the diagnosis of late biliary complications after liver transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three liver transplantation patients (18 men and five women; mean age, 46 years) underwent MR cholangiography using a nonbreath-hold, fat-suppressed three-dimensional turbo spin-echo sequence (TR/TE, 3000/700; echo train length, 128) optimized on a 0.5-T magnet. Inclusion criteria were liver function tests with abnormal results and hyperbilirubinemia with a clinical pattern not specific for biliary obstruction. All patients were referred by clinicians for contrast-enhanced cholangiography. Diagnostic confirmation was obtained with percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (n = 4), endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (n = 8), T-tube cholangiography (n = 1), or clinical follow-up (n = 10).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 11 patients, no abnormalities of the biliary tract were revealed by MR cholangiography. In 11 patients, twelve strictures were diagnosed (nine anastomotic, two nonanastomotic-intrahepatic, and one nonanastomotic-extrahepatic, with association between anastomotic and nonanastomotic strictures in two cases). In one other patient, kinking of the common bile duct at the level of the anastomosis was observed. In all cases, MR cholangiography correctly showed the site of the stricture and the dilatation of bile ducts above, with excellent correlation with contrast-enhanced cholangiographic findings. Strictures were correctly graded in eight of 10 patients and were overestimated in two. Other findings included a 1-cm stone detected proximal to the obstructed common bile duct in one patient and multiple intrahepatic stones in another patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MR cholangiography can show biliary obstruction and provide important information for planning therapeutic procedures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Rome La Sapienza, Policlinico Umberto I, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laghi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pavone
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Catalano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Panebianco
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Alfani
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Passariello
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001659:Biliary Tract / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D001660:Biliary Tract Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002758:Cholangiography; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013997:Time Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography