title: Endometrial development was improved by transdermal estradiol in patients treated with clomiphene citrate.
abstract: The objective of this study was to examine the effect of transdermal estrogen therapy on the endometrial thickness and serum hormone levels in anovulatory patients treated with clomiphene citrate (CC). There was a significant difference in endometrial thickness between the CC + transdermal estrogen group and the CC only group from day -2 to day +2. Serum estradiol (E2) levels in the CC + transdermal estrogen group were significantly higher than those in the CC only group on day -2 and day 0. Our results support that addition of transdermal E2 to the treatment protocol of the women treated with CC elicited a favorable response of the endometrium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimoya
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tomiyama
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moriyama
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kawamoto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tokugawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohashi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Saji
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Murata
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000858:Anovulation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002582:Cervix Mucus; D002996:Clomiphene / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004717:Endometrium / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010062:Ovulation Induction / Q000379:methods*; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D002996:Clomiphene; D004958:Estradiol