title: Manned missions to Mars and chromosome damage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the frequencies of dicentric chromosomes in peripheral lymphocytes of astronauts on missions to Mars.
  
  
  METHODS
  Calculations of expected frequencies of dicentrics are based on dose estimations and lymphocyte biology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Frequencies of dicentrics are predicted to be 10-40 times higher than the background level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stressing the importance of careful mission planning and optimized shielding of transfer vehicle to Mars.
authors.affiliation: University of Essen, Department of Genetics, Germany.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Obe
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Facius
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reitz
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Johannes
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Johannes
mesh_terms: D018480:Astronauts; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D002877:Chromosomes, Human / Q000528:radiation effects; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D018559:Exobiology; D006801:Humans; D018499:Linear Energy Transfer; D018535:Mars; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D018561:Space Simulation; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000528:radiation effects*