title: Production of platelet-activating factor in patients with sepsis-associated acute renal failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies in experimental animals have suggested that platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a mediator of sepsis-associated acute renal failure (ARF). In the present study we have evaluated whether an increased concentration of PAF within circulation or urine of septic patients correlated with the worsening of renal function.
  
  
  METHODS
  The concentration of PAF and selected cytokines (TNF, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8) was evaluated in blood and urine of 12 patients with septic shock and ARF for 4 consecutive days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The data obtained indicate that blood and urinary concentrations of PAF and of IL-1, IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly higher in septic patients than in controls subjects and in patients with chronic renal failure. The concentration of TNF was significantly increased only in urine. A significantly positive correlation was found among blood concentration of PAF and heart rate (r = 0.4193, P < 0.017), serum creatinine (r = 0.3671, P < 0.038), serum IL-6 (r = 0.5475, P < 0.005) and urine excretion of IL-8 (r = 0.3984, P < 0.044), whereas a negative correlation was present with the number of circulating platelets (r = -0.4285, P < 0.018). Moreover, a positive correlation among the concentration of PAF in urine and the serum concentration of IL-6 (r = 0.5654, P < 0.006) and urine excretion of IL-6 (r = 0.6589, P < 0.0008) and IL-8 (r = 0.6371, P < 0.0004) were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate in humans during ARF associated with septic shock the production of PAF, a mediator that has been previously implicated in the pathogenesis of experimental endotoxin-induced shock and renal injury. The observation that blood and urinary concentrations of PAF correlated with some of the clinical and laboratory parameters related to the severity of ARF and sepsis suggests that PAF may contribute to the development of renal injury in septic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of NephroUrology, St. Lazarus Hospital, Alba, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mariano
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guida
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Donati
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tetta
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Cavalli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Verzetti
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Piccoli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Camussi
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000652:urine; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000652:urine; D018805:Sepsis / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology / Q000652:urine; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha