title: Intrathymic immunomodulation and the "infectious" tolerance pathway in allograft recipients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We have previously shown that >75% of LEW cardiac allografts survive indefinitely in BUF rats pretreated at Day -21 intrathymically (IT) with donor alloantigen in conjunction with a single intravenous dose of ALS. Spleen cells can adoptively transfer the tolerant state to new cohorts of test recipients. This study was designed to analyze cellular and humoral events contributing to the "infectious" tolerance pathway in this model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Spleen cells (25 x 10(6)) harvested from BUF recipients bearing long-term cardiac allografts were injected intravenously into lightly irradiated (450 R) secondary BUF rats, followed 24 h later by transplantation of LEW of ACl hearts. Cardiac allografts were then analyzed serially by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for Th1 and Th2 cytokine gene expression. Donor-specific IgM and IgG alloantibody responses in host serum were screened by flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Transfer of regulatory spleen cells harvested between Days 80 and 140 from tolerant hosts induced tolerance to heart grafts in a donor-specific manner. In the early posttransplant period, selective sparing of Th2 cytokines was noted. Adoptively transferred hosts showed overall depression of IgM, but a vigorous IgG1 and IgG2a alloantibody response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IT + ALS-induced tolerance can be transferred in a donor-specific "infectious" manner to new cohorts of engrafted recipients. The development of tolerance is nontemporally bound, and associates with an early Th2-type immune deviation at the graft site. The elevated levels of T cell-dependent IgG1 and IgG2 may interfere with the antigen reactivity and alloresponsive effector functions, contributing to graft acceptance in the "infectious" tolerance pathway.
authors.affiliation: Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, UCLA School of Medicine, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA.
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Reemtsen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Busuttil
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kupiec-Weglinski
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Goss
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000502:physiology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D007107:Immune System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000502:physiology*; D007239:Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D007518:Isoantibodies / Q000276:immunology; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000276:immunology*; D014181:Transplantation Immunology / Q000502:physiology; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007518:Isoantibodies