title: Muscarinic blockade of methacholine induced airway and parenchymal lung responses in anaesthetised rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has previously been shown that M1 cholinergic receptors are involved in the parenchymal response to inhaled methacholine in puppies using the M1 selective antagonist pirenzepine. Although M3 receptors are responsible for acetylcholine induced bronchoconstriction in isolated rat lung, the role of M1 receptors has not been determined in the rat in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anaesthetised, paralysed, open chested Brown Norway rats were mechanically ventilated and the femoral vein cannulated for intravenous injection of drugs. Low frequency forced oscillations were applied to measure lung input impedance (ZL) and computerised modelling enabled separation of ZL into airway and parenchymal components. Atropine (500 microg/kg iv) and pirenzepine (50, 100 or 200 microg/kg iv) were administered during steady state constriction generated by continuous inhalation (1 mg/ml) or intravenous (10 or 15 microg/kg/min) administration of methacholine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Continuous inhalation of methacholine produced a 185% increase in frequency dependent tissue resistance (G) which was effectively inhibited by atropine 500 microg/kg iv (p<0.01, n = 6). Pirenzepine (50, 100 or 200 microg/kg) had a minimal effect on the parenchymal response to inhaled methacholine. A 258% increase in airway resistance (Raw) was induced by continuous intravenous infusion of methacholine and this response was effectively abolished by pirenzepine (p<0.001, n = 5). Cutting the vagi in the cervical region did not alter baseline airway mechanics. Vagotomy did not affect lung responses to intravenous methacholine nor the ability of pirenzepine to reduce these responses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the rat, M1-subtype receptors are functional in airways but not in the tissue.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Sciences, TVW Telethon Institute for Child Health Research & University of Western Australia Department of Paediatrics, Perth, Australia.
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Tulić
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wale
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Peták
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Sly
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology; D016085:Bronchoconstrictor Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008170:Lung Compliance / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D016210:Methacholine Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D010890:Pirenzepine / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D016085:Bronchoconstrictor Agents; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D016210:Methacholine Chloride; D010890:Pirenzepine; D001285:Atropine