title: Comparison of laparoscopic sonography with surgical pathology in the evaluation of pelvic lymph nodes in women with cervical cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study compared laparoscopic sonography with surgical pathology in the evaluation of pelvic lymph nodes in women with cervical cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intraoperative laparoscopic sonography of pelvic lymph nodes was performed in 31 women with biopsy-proven cervical cancer. A lymph node that was rounded (longitudinal-transverse axis ratio of <2) or showed absence of central hilum was defined as positive for metastasis. For comparison, lymph nodes from each hemipelvis were grouped anatomically into paraaortic, common, internal, and external iliac chains during evaluation on laparoscopic sonography and on surgical pathologic examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pelvic dissection in 31 women yielded 630 lymph nodes. There were 54 metastatic nodes in 12 women. Laparoscopic sonography revealed 32 (59%) of all pathologically metastatic lymph nodes. Sensitivity on laparoscopic sonography when comparing groups by hemipelves was 93.3% and by anatomic lymph node chains was 76.2%. Metastatic nodes were most commonly located in the common iliac region and were characteristically rounded, hypoechoic, showed absence of central hilum, and occasionally showed central necrosis. Nine (28%) of 32 metastatic lymph nodes revealed by laparoscopic sonography measured 1 cm or less. Six benign nodes in four patients were also visualized with laparoscopic sonography.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic sonography achieved a sensitivity exceeding 90% in the detection of metastatic lymph nodes in the hemipelves of women with cervical cancer. Laparoscopic sonography is a feasible and promising technique for the evaluation of pelvic lymph nodes in women with cervical cancer and merits further evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology & Organ Imaging, Chinese University of Hong Kong and Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT.
authors.forename: W T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Metreweli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003287:Contrast Media; D019160:Endosonography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020706:Laparoscopes; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D010388:Pelvis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D012965:Sodium Chloride