title: Antiviral treatment for human immunodeficiency virus patients co-infected with hepatitis B virus: combined effect for both infections, an obtainable goal?
abstract: A large percentage of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients have serological evidence of a past or present hepatitis B virus infection (HBV). Long-term survival is increasing for HIV patients because of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Therefore, the chronic hepatitis B infection may become an important determinant of disease outcome in these co-infected patients. We describe two HIV/HBV co-infected patients who were treated with extended antiviral therapy, initially indicated for the HIV infection. Lamivudine, a suppressor of viral replication in both infections, was one of these antiviral drugs. One patient showed a severe rebound of the HBV after withdrawal of lamivudine, the other patient developed a mutant hepatitis B virus after 18 months of treatment. This mutation was exclusively induced by lamivudine. These patients show that, with improved HIV-related survival, the HBV infection should be monitored carefully, thereby enabling the physician to interfere with therapy when necessary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatogastroenterology, University Hospital Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Wolters
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Niesters
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: de Man
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Schalm
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000097:blood; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D019259:Lamivudine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D004279:DNA, Viral; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D019259:Lamivudine