title: Soluble P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 inhibits ocular inflammation in a murine model of allergy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the anti-inflammatory modality of a soluble extracellular form of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (sPSGL-1) in a mouse model of ocular allergic response.
  
  
  METHODS
  Potential anti-inflammatory effects of sPSGL-1 were investigated in SWR/J mice sensitized by topical application of short ragweed pollen to the nasal mucosa followed by a challenge of the ocular mucosa with the same allergen. Five experimental groups were included in these studies: A, mice neither sensitized nor challenged with pollen (control group 1); B, animals sensitized but not challenged (control group 2); C, animals not sensitized but challenged (control group 3); D, animals sensitized and challenged; and E, sensitized animals treated with sPSGL-1 before pollen challenge. All experimental groups were evaluated for gross morphologic ocular changes, and histologic assessments were made to determine the onset/progression of inflammatory reactions and to look for evidence of eosinophil infiltration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mice sensitized and challenged with pollen developed clinical signs consistent with human allergic conjunctivitis. These signs correlate with histologic changes in the conjunctival epithelium and stroma (e.g., edema and extensive eosinophil infiltration). Moreover, the ocular changes also correlated with evidence of eosinophil degranulation. However, sensitized and challenged mice concurrently treated with sPSGL-1 displayed no inflammatory ocular changes associated with a ragweed-induced type-1 hypersensitivity reaction. The lack of ocular changes included the absence of histologic late-phase inflammatory changes of the conjunctiva and a 97% reduction in the induced eosinophil infiltrate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The antagonistic intervention of cell- cell interactions through the blockade of selectin-dependent leukocyte adhesion may offer novel therapeutic strategies to modulate inflammatory responses. The potent inhibitory effects on eosinophil recruitment and late-phase inflammation suggest a role for sPSGL-1 in the treatment of ocular allergic diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, Arizona 85259, USA.
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Strauss
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Brenneise
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D003233:Conjunctivitis, Allergic / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000187:drug effects; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D008024:Ligands; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D009077:Mucins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000187:drug effects; D011058:Pollen / Q000009:adverse effects; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D019040:E-Selectin; D008024:Ligands; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009077:Mucins; D019007:P-Selectin; C084882:P-selectin ligand protein