title: Preparticipation Physical Examinations: Critical Controversies.
abstract: The area of sports medicine has developed into a complex and ever-changing field over the past few decades. For example, physicians who wish to effectively treat young athletes must remain informed of the newest information and not rely solely on their knowledge of general practice. The author illustrates how this need for specialized knowledge, as well as the dramatic changes in the major causes of morbidity and mortality among adolescents, has contributed to the controversies related to the preparticipation physical examination (PPE) of junior and senior high school athletes.
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Basement, Children's Hospital Office Building, 1630 Sixth Avenue South Birmingham, AL 35233-0011, USA.
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Feinstein