title: Mucin production in the middle ear in response to lipopolysaccharides.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the response of middle ear tissue to establish the lowest dose of lipopolysaccharide to induce mucin production in a rat otitis media model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats' eustachian tubes were obstructed before transtympanic inoculation of the bulla tympanica with 35 microL of Krebs Ringer or 1, 10, 100, or 1000 microgram/mL lipopolysaccharide. After 7 days the effusion and a lavage were collected for mucin ELISA measurement, and tissue was collected for histologic evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mucin secretion was significantly increased in the 100 microgram/mL 51.20 +/- 13.6 microgram/mL (SE) and 1000 microgram/mL 69.42 +/- 8.57 microgram/mL groups when compared with the Krebs Ringer control group 1.84 +/- 0.28 microgram/mL (P < 0.05). Histologic evaluation shows goblet cell metaplasia and hyperplasia in the middle ear epithelium in the 1000 and 100 microgram/mL groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The histology and ELISA results suggest that a middle ear effusion is generated with a dose of lipopolysaccharide as low as 100 microgram/mL.
authors.affiliation: Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, USA.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Singla
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Prazma
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Jewett
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Randell
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Pillsbury
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004432:Ear, Middle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009077:Mucins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D010034:Otitis Media with Effusion / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009077:Mucins