title: Nonfasting plasma total homocysteine levels and all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in elderly Framingham men and women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Elevated fasting total homocysteine (tHcy) levels were recently shown to confer an independent risk for all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality among selected Norwegian patients with confirmed coronary heart disease. We examined whether elevated fasting plasma tHcy levels were predictive of all-cause and CVD mortality in a large, population-based sample of elderly US women and men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nonfasting plasma tHcy levels were determined in 1933 elderly participants (mean age, 70 +/- 7 years; 58.9% women) from the original Framingham Study cohort, examined between 1979 and 1982, with follow-up through 1992. Unadjusted and adjusted (ie, for age, sex, diabetes, smoking, systolic blood pressure, total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and creatinine) relative risk estimates (with 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for total and CVD mortality were generated by proportional hazards modeling, with tHcy levels (quartiles) as the independent variable.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 653 total deaths and 244 CVD deaths during a median follow-up of 10.0 years. Proportional hazards modeling revealed that tHcy levels of 14.26 micromol/L or greater (the upper quartile), vs less than 14.26 micromol/L (the lower three quartiles), were associated with relative risk estimates of 2.18 (95% CI, 1.86-2.56) and 2.17 (95% CI, 1.68-2.82) for all-cause and CVD mortality, respectively. The relative risk estimates after adjustment for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, and total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels attenuated these associations, but they remained significant: 1.54 (95% CI, 1.31-1.82) for all-cause mortality; 1.52 (95% CI, 1.16-1.98) for CVD mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated nonfasting plasma tHcy levels are independently associated with increased rates of all-cause and CVD mortality in the elderly.
authors.affiliation: Tufts Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Boston, Mass, USA. abostom@loa.com
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Bostom
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Silbershatz
authors.forename: I H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Selhub
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: D'Agostino
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Jacques
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality*; D002423:Cause of Death; D005260:Female; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008910:Minnesota / Q000453:epidemiology; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D006710:Homocysteine