title: Natural course of kidney function in Type 2 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the natural course of kidney function and to evaluate the impact of putative progression promoters in Caucasian Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients with diabetic nephropathy who had never received any antihypertensive treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A long-term observational study of 13 normotensive to borderline hypertensive Type 2 DM patients with diabetic nephropathy. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was measured approximately every year (51Cr-EDTA plasma clearance technique). Albuminuria, blood pressure (BP) and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was determined 2-4 times per year and serum cholesterol every second year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients (12 males/one female), age 56+/-9 (mean +/- SD) years, with a known duration of diabetes of 10+/-6 years, were followed for 55 (24-105) (median (range)) months. GFR decreased from 104 (50-126) to 80 (39-112) ml x min(-1) x 1.73 m(-2) (P = 0.002) with a median rate of decline of 4.5 (-0.4 to 12) ml x min(-1) x year(-1). During follow-up, albuminuria rose from 494 (301-1868) to 908 (108-2169) mg/24 h (P = 0.25), while BP, HbA1c and serum cholesterol remained essentially unchanged. In univariate analysis the rate of decline in GFR did not correlate significantly with neither baseline nor mean values during follow-up of BP, albuminuria, HbA1c and serum cholesterol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study suggests that normotensive to borderline hypertensive Type 2 DM patients with diabetic nephropathy have a rather slow decline in kidney function, but we did not unravel the putative progression promoters responsible for the variation in rate of decline in GFR.
authors.affiliation: Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark.
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rossing
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Parving
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000419:Albuminuria; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D002860:Chromium Radioisotopes; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D004492:Edetic Acid; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002784:Cholesterol; D002860:Chromium Radioisotopes; D003404:Creatinine; D004492:Edetic Acid; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin