title: Progestin modulation of c-fos and prolactin gene expression in the human endometrium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the influence of the menstrual cycle and the effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) on the expression of the protooncogene c-fos and of prolactin (PRL) in the human endometrium in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy volunteers in an academic research environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Regularly cycling women who were not taking hormonal medication.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medroxyprogesterone acetate (10 mg/d) or placebo was given for 10 days. Endometrial and blood samples were collected 8-12 hours after the last dose.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemical localization of PRL and c-fos in the endometrium, PRL and c-fos messenger RNA levels in the endometrium, and E2 and progesterone levels in the serum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunoreactive c-fos was concentrated in the nucleus of stromal cells and was observed in a higher proportion of proliferative endometrial specimens compared with secretory specimens from placebo or MPA-treated patients. The levels of c-fos messenger RNA were greatly reduced in the secretory endometrium regardless of treatment with placebo or MPA, compared with the proliferative endometrium. The c-fos gene expression correlated positively with the serum E2 levels (r = 0.56) and inversely with the progesterone/E2 ratio (r = -0.56). The endometrial PRL gene expression (messenger RNA and protein) was rare in the proliferative samples, increased from the early to the mid and late secretory samples, and was increased markedly after treatment with MPA compared with placebo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The differentiation of secretory endometrium is accompanied by decreased c-fos and increased PRL gene expression. The inhibition of c-fos gene expression may contribute to the antiproliferative effect of progestins on the endometrium.
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Clínicas, and Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Maia
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Spritzer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004717:Endometrium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D016762:Genes, fos / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010919:Placebos; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D045167:Progesterone Congeners / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011388:Prolactin / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000032:analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos; D045167:Progesterone Congeners; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D011388:Prolactin; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate