title: Geographic distribution of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus subtype IE genotypes in Central America and Mexico.
abstract: Phylogenetic analysis of 20 strains of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus subtype IE isolated from 1961 to 1996 in Mexico and throughout Central America showed that VEE virus subtype IE was monophyletic with respect to other VEE virus subtypes. Nonetheless, there were at least three distinct geographically separated VEE virus IE genotypes: northwestern Panama, Pacific coast (Mexico/Guatemala), and Gulf/Caribbean coast (Mexico/Belize). Strains from the Caribbean coast of Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua may cluster with the Gulf/Caribbean genotype, but additional isolates from the region between Guatemala and Panama will be required to firmly establish their phylogenetic position. Viruses associated with two separate equine epizootics in Mexico in the 1990s were phylogenetically related to nonepizootic viruses from neighboring Guatemala and may represent the emergence or re-emergence of equine-virulent VEE virus subtype IE in Middle America.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland 21702-5011, USA.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Oberste
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Schmura
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Weaver
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002489:Central America; D002648:Child; D004666:Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004685:Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D006736:Horses; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008800:Mexico; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D011498:Protein Precursors; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; C064956:glycoprotein E2, equine encephalitis virus