title: Polysomnography and depressive symptoms in primary alcoholics with and without a lifetime diagnosis of secondary depression and in patients with primary major depression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is evidence suggesting that there is: (1) additive polysomnographic effects of alcoholism and depression; and (2) elevated baseline REM density in primary alcoholics with (PASD) and without lifetime history of secondary depression (NPA).
  
  
  METHODS
  23 PASDs, 59 NPAs, and 23 primary major depression patients (PMD) underwent polysomnography. Any drinking within 3 months after a 1-month inpatient alcohol rehabilitation defined relapse.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PASDs' polysomnography was more like NPAs than PMDs. Polysomnography reflected 3-month sobriety status more than diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Not all PASD's met full major depression criteria upon admission.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alcoholism affected polysomnography more than depression. Elevated admission REM density predicted 3-month relapse in PASDs and NPAs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. cclark@vapop.ucsd.edu
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Gillin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Golshan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Demodena
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Danowski
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Irwin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schuckit
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D004576:Electromyography; D004585:Electrooculography; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017286:Polysomnography; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012008:Recurrence; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012895:Sleep, REM / Q000502:physiology*