title: Cellobiose transport by mixed ruminal bacteria from a Cow.
abstract: The transport of cellobiose in mixed ruminal bacteria harvested from a holstein cow fed an Italian ryegrass hay was determined in the presence of nojirimycin-1-sulfate, which almost inhibited cellobiase activity. The kinetic parameters of cellobiose uptake were 14 microM for the Km and 10 nmol/min/mg of protein for the Vmax. Extracellular and cell-associated cellobiases were detected in the rumen, with both showing higher Vmax values and lower affinities than those determined for cellobiose transport. The proportion of cellobiose that was directly transported before it was extracellularly degraded into glucose increased as the cellobiose concentration decreased, reaching more than 20% at the actually observed levels of cellobiose in the rumen, which were less than 0.02 mM. The inhibitor experiment showed that cellobiose was incorporated into the cells mainly by the phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase system and partially by an ATP-dependent and proton-motive-force-independent active transport system. This finding was also supported by determinations of phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase-dependent NADH oxidation with cellobiose and the effects of artificial potentials on cellobiose transport. Cellobiose uptake was sensitive to a decrease in pH (especially below 6.0), and it was weakly but significantly inhibited in the presence of glucose.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Nutrition, National Institute of Animal Industry, Tsukuba Norindanchi, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan. kajikawa@niai.affrc.go.jp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kajikawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Masaki
mesh_terms: D017485:1-Deoxynojirimycin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D001693:Biological Transport, Active / Q000187:drug effects; D002417:Cattle / Q000382:microbiology*; D002475:Cellobiose / Q000378:metabolism*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005944:Glucosamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D010731:Phosphoenolpyruvate Sugar Phosphotransferase System / Q000378:metabolism; D012417:Rumen / Q000382:microbiology*; D001617:beta-Glucosidase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D002475:Cellobiose; D017485:1-Deoxynojirimycin; D010731:Phosphoenolpyruvate Sugar Phosphotransferase System; D001617:beta-Glucosidase; D005947:Glucose; D005944:Glucosamine; C013626:nojirimycin