Anterior cruciate ligament and intercondylar notch in the coronal oblique plane: anatomy complemented by magnetic resonance imaging in cruciate ligament-intact knees.
We assessed the anatomy of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and femoral intercondylar notch on cryosections from one cadaveric knee specimen in the coronal oblique plane oriented parallel to the intercondylar roof. We determined the course of the ACL, the widths of the cruciate ligaments at intersection, and the intercondylar notch configuration on coronal oblique plane magnetic resonance images in 51 adult cruciate ligament-intact knees (25 women, 26 men; age range, 16 to 47 years). The intercondylar notch widths were measured at the notch entrance, at the intersection of the ACL and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), and at the notch outlet. In the coronal oblique plane, the ACL exhibited a diagonal course from the central and medial part of the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia distally, across the lateral third of the intercondylar notch, to the intercondylar surface of the lateral femoral condyle proximally. At the cruciate ligament intersection, the absolute widths of the ACLs measured on average 6.1+/-1.1 mm in men and 5.2+/-1.0 mm in women representing 31.9% and 31.1% of the ACL/central intercondylar notch width ratios. The absolute widths of the PCLs measured on average 9.6+/-1.3 mm in men and 8.5+/-1.3 mm in women representing 50.4% and 51.4% of PCL/central intercondylar notch width ratios. On average for both groups, men and women, the absolute widths of the PCLs were significantly larger than the absolute widths of the ACLs. However, the relative widths of the cruciate ligaments with respect to corresponding intercondylar notch widths were not significantly different. In the coronal oblique plane, the intercondylar notch widths showed on average a significant decrease from posterior to intersection and from intersection to anterior. At notch outlet, the mean notch width measured 21.4 mm in men and 18.5 mm in women. At intersection, the mean notch width measured 19.1 mm in men and 16.6 mm in women. At notch entrance, the notch width measured 14.6+/-1.8 mm in men and 12.7+/-2.1 mm in women. We recommend magnetic resonance tomography of the knee in the coronal oblique plane oriented parallel to the intercondylar roof as the imaging modality of choice to visualize accurately the anatomic diagonal course of the ACL and its relation to the intercondylar notch and posterior cruciate ligament complex.
Staeubli
H U
HU
Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Surgical Clinic and Department of Radiology, Tiefenauspital, Bern, Switzerland.
Adam
O
O
Becker
W
W
Burgkart
R
R
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013977:Tibia / Q000033:anatomy & histology