title: An automated technique for double staining rat and rabbit fetal skeletal specimens to differentiate bone and cartilage.
abstract: Assessment of chemicals for their potential to cause developmental toxicity must include evaluation of the development of the fetal skeleton. The method described here is an improved and fully automated double staining method using alizarin red S to stain bone and alcian blue to stain cartilage. The method was developed on the enclosed Shandon Pathcentre, and the quality of specimens reported here will be reproduced only if carried out on a similar processor under the same environmental conditions. The staining, maceration and clearing process takes approximately 6 days. The personnel time, however, is minimal since solutions are changed automatically and the fetuses are not examined or removed from the processor until the procedure is completed. Upon completion of processing, the bone and cartilage assessment of the specimens can be carried out immediately if required. Full evaluation of skeletal development in both the rat and the rabbit is necessary to meet the requirements of safety assessment studies. This method allows this to be accomplished on a large scale with consistently clear specimens and in a realistic time.
authors.affiliation: Zeneca, Central Toxicology Laboratory, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Trueman
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Trueman
mesh_terms: D000423:Alcian Blue; D000818:Animals; D000880:Anthraquinones; D001331:Automation; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000196:embryology; D002356:Cartilage / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000196:embryology; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000880:Anthraquinones; D004396:Coloring Agents; C004468:Alizarin Red S; D000423:Alcian Blue