title: Nonoperative management of pancreatic pseudocysts. Problems in differential diagnosis.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  The evaluation of pancreatic cystic lesions entails a misdiagnosis risk. Awareness of the problem, knowledge of the natural history of these lesions, and meticulous posttreatment follow-up can reduce the consequences of diagnostic errors. If all these precautions are adopted, pancreatic pseudocysts can be safely treated nonoperatively.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The accurate diagnosis of pancreatic cystic lesions remains a problem. The aim of this study was to ascertain the incidence of and the reasons the diagnostic errors occurred in a series of pseudocysts drained percutaneously and to compare these data to those reported in the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 70 patients bearing one or more pseudocysts who underwent a percutaneous drainage were reviewed. The pretreatment workup included medical history, physical examination, ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT) scans, amylase assay in both the serum and the cystic fluid, culture and cytology of the cystic fluid. After removal of the drainage, the minimum follow-up period was 12 mo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four patients died, and two cancer-associated pseudocysts were identified before removal of the drainage. Sixty-four patients were followed up for a mean of 51.9 mo (range 12-154 mo). A third cancer and a mucinous cystic tumor, fully communicating with the main duct, were further detected during this period.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Oncologia, Università di Pisa, Italy. u.boggi@patchir.med.unipi.it
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Boggi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Candio
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Campatelli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pietrabissa
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mosca
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003951:Diagnostic Errors; D004322:Drainage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D010192:Pancreatic Pseudocyst / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014463:Ultrasonography