title: Anti-GalNAc-GD1a antibody-associated Guillain-Barré syndrome with a predominantly distal weakness without cranial nerve impairment and sensory disturbance.
abstract: The serum antibodies to N-acetylgalactosaminyl GD1a (GalNAc-GD1a) and other gangliosides as well as to Campylobacter jejuni were determined in 147 patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). We found a distinctive clinical pattern in patients with anti-GalNAc-GD1a antibodies compared with those without the antibodies, that is, lack of cranial nerve involvement (87% versus 38%), distal-dominant weakness (80% versus 25%), and no sensory disturbance (73% versus 22%). The frequency of distal-dominant weakness was significantly higher in patients with both C. jejuni infection and anti-GalNAc-GD1a positivity (100%) than in C. jejuni-negative/anti-GalNAc-GD1a-positive (25%), C. jejuni-positive/anti-GalNAc-GD1a-negative (32%) and C. jejuni-negative/anti-GalNAc-GD1a-negative patients (20%). Lack of cranial nerve involvement and sensory disturbance were found in most C. jejuni-positive/anti-GalNAc-GD1a-positive and C. jejuni-negative/anti-GalNAc-GD1a-positive patients, but not in C. jejuni-positive/anti-GalNAc-GD1a-negative and C. jejuni-negative/anti-GalNAc-GD1a-negative patients. Although the anti-GM1-positive/anti-GalNAc-GD1a-negative patients mostly (75%) lacked cranial nerve involvement, distal-dominant weakness (38%) and lack of sensory disturbance (13%) were infrequent. These results may indicate that (1) the combination of C. jejuni infection and anti-GalNAc-GD1a antibodies, but not anti-GalNAc-GD1a, anti-GM1, or C. jejuni infection alone, is associated with a predominantly distal weakness, (2) the presence of anti-GalNAc-GD1a, rather than C. jejuni infection or anti-GM1 antibody, is associated with a lack of sensory disturbance, (3) both anti-GalNAc-GD1a and anti-GM1 antibodies are independently associated with a lack of cranial nerve impairment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Center for Neurological Diseases, Utano National Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saida
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshino
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuroki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nukina
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saida
mesh_terms: D000116:Acetylgalactosamine / Q000276:immunology*; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology*; D003389:Cranial Nerve Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003391:Cranial Nerves / Q000503:physiopathology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005677:G(M1) Ganglioside / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011129:Polyradiculoneuropathy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017678:Sex Distribution
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D005677:G(M1) Ganglioside; D000116:Acetylgalactosamine