Artemisinin drugs in the treatment of malaria: from medicinal herb to registered medication.
Registration in Europe of several artemisinin drugs for the treatment of malaria can soon be expected. Artemisinin is isolated from the herb Artemisia annua, in use in China more than 2000 years as a herbal tea against fever. Artemisinin drugs are being used extensively in South-East Asia and increasingly in Africa. Active derivatives have been synthesized - artemether, arteether and artesunate - which are used for oral, intramuscular, rectal and intravenous administration. The origin, mechanism of action, efficacy and safety in patients, the pharmacokinetics and the position of this group of compounds among existing antimalarials are discussed in this review.
van Agtmael
M A
MA
Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Eggelte
T A
TA
van Boxtel
C J
CJ
D000818:Animals; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019306:Artemisia / Q000737:chemistry; D037621:Artemisinins; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D017277:Drug Approval; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D008288:Malaria / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D000962:Antimalarials; D037621:Artemisinins; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; C031327:artemisinin