title: Effects of increasing ruminally degraded nitrogen and abomasal casein infusion on net portal flux of nutrients in yearling heifers consuming a high-grain diet.
abstract: Seven Meat Animal Research Center (MARC) III heifers (410+/-25 kg) fitted with hepatic portal, mesenteric venous, carotid catheters, and an abomasal cannula were used in a 7 x 5 incomplete Latin square design experiment. The objective was to evaluate the effects of increasing levels of ruminally degradable N (RDN) with or without the addition of abomasally infused casein on portal-drained visceral (PDV) flux of nutrients. Treatments consisted of dietary CP percentage levels of 9.5 (control), control plus .72% dietary urea (11.5U), control plus 1.44% dietary urea (13.5U), control plus abomasally infused casein (250 g/d; 11.5C), or control plus .72% dietary urea and abomasally infused casein (250 g/d; 13.5UC). All diets contained (DM basis) 80% ground corn, 15% corn silage, and 5% dry supplement and were provided for ad libitum consumption. Nitrogen intake increased (linear, P < .001) as CP increased from 9.5 to 13.5%. Portal-drained visceral release of ammonia N increased (linear, P < .10) as RDN increased, and was greater (P < .05) when protein was fed compared with heifers fed control (P < .10). Urea N removal by PDV was not affected ( P > . 10) by level of RDN but was greatest when 11.5C was fed and least when 13.5UC was fed. Net alpha-amino N (AAN) release by PDV was greatest when 13.5UC was fed (309 mmol/h), least when 9.5% CP was fed (112 mmol/h), and intermediate for the other groups (205 to 252 mmol/h). These data suggest that removal of N by the PDV may promote microbial protein synthesis when dietary RDN is low. When RDN needs have been met and amino acids are deficient for the host, escape protein should be fed to increase amino acid absorption.
authors.affiliation: Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, ARS, USDA, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA. ckrehbie@nmsu.edu
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Krehbiel
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Ferrell
mesh_terms: D000018:Abomasum; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000097:blood; D000641:Ammonia / Q000097:blood; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis / Q000662:veterinary; D002364:Caseins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism*; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D005260:Female; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism*; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D002364:Caseins; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D000641:Ammonia; D009584:Nitrogen