title: Management of exsanguinating hemoptysis during cardiopulmonary bypass.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Large-volume hemoptysis during cardiopulmonary bypass is an infrequent, but life-threatening event. Rapid airway clearance and control are the primary prerequisites for successful management.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cases of 3 patients with different sources of exsanguinating hemoptysis during cardiopulmonary bypass managed initially with rigid bronchoscopy were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all patients, airway control was rapidly established and weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass CPB was accomplished. Two patients survived the operative procedure. The other patient died in the operating room of unremitting bilateral pulmonary hemorrhage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Major hemoptysis during cardiopulmonary bypass is best dealt with initially by rapid airway control and cessation of bypass in an expeditious manner. An algorithm for suggested management is provided. The rigid bronchoscope is the optimal tool for initial management and it should always be available. Definitive treatment is determined by the cause and the persistence of hemorrhage once these maneuvers have been performed.
authors.affiliation: The University of Pennsylvania Medical Center and Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA.
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Smythe
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Gorman
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: DeCampli
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Spray
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Kaiser
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Acker
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006469:Hemoptysis / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged