title: Intravascular ultrasound imaging before and after balloon angioplasty for pulmonary artery stenosis.
abstract: Previous reports regarding intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging of the pulmonary arteries in children and its application to balloon pulmonary angioplasty are limited. This study was designed to compare findings of IVUS imaging and those of angiography of the pulmonary artery before and after the balloon angioplasty procedure. Thirty patients had significant pulmonary artery stenosis and underwent balloon angioplasty. In all, of 34 branch pulmonary arteries were dilated. All patients underwent both angiography and IVUS imaging at the time of balloon angioplasty. The mean age at balloon angioplasty was 5.7 +/- 4.0 yr. One echo-dense layer on IVUS was detected in 9% of the 34 stenotic vessels, and a two- or three-layered vascular wall pattern in 91%. The thickness of intima-medial layer (inner and middle layers) was greater than normal in 91% of stenotic vessels. After balloon angioplasty, intimal flaps and aneurysm were observed at 29 and 28 locations, respectively. Of these locations, the intimal flaps were detected by angiography in 44% and by IVUS in 100%; the aneurysm was detected by angiography in 61% and by IVUS in 93%. Media rupture was observed at 26 locations, and the change was detected only by IVUS. The present study suggests that intimal and medial changes in the pulmonary artery can be detected more precisely by IVUS than by angiography.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Institute of Japan, Tokyo Women's Medical College, Japan. pnakanis@hij.twmc.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tobita
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tomimatsu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakazawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Momma
mesh_terms: D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D011859:Radiography; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional