title: Antimicrobial defensin peptides of the human ocular surface.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The antimicrobial activity of the tear film exceeds the activity of its known constituents. The authors postulate that this excess activity is the result of antimicrobial peptides called defensins, and they aimed to look for defensins in the human eye.
  
  
  METHODS
  Evidence of defensin production was sought by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Intron spanning primers were designed for beta defensins 1 and 2, and alpha defensins 5 and 6. RT-PCR was performed on cornea, conjunctiva, and lacrimal gland samples, and reaction products were size fractionated and sequenced to confirm their identity. A monoclonal antibody was utilised for the detection of alpha defensins 1, 2, and 3 in tissue sections and in immunoblots of tears.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RT-PCR revealed beta defensin 1 message in samples of conjunctiva, cornea, and lacrimal gland. beta Defensin 2 message was detected in the conjunctiva and cornea but was absent from the lacrimal gland. alpha Defensin 5 and 6 message was absent in these tissues but alpha defensins 1, 2, and 3 were detected in normal tears, lacrimal gland, and inflamed conjunctiva by immunochemistry.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data suggest the human eye innately produces a spectrum of antimicrobial defensin peptides. Defensins hold therapeutic potential in ocular infections as they have a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity (bacteria fungi and viruses ) and accelerate epithelial healing.
authors.affiliation: Larry A Donoso Laboratory for Eye Research, University of Nottingham and Department of Ophthalmology, Queen's Medical Centre University Hospital, Nottingham.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Haynes
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Tighe
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Dua
mesh_terms: D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000378:metabolism*; D003315:Cornea / Q000378:metabolism*; D023082:Defensins; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007765:Lacrimal Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism*; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D023082:Defensins; D011506:Proteins