title: Retention of adhesive cement on the tooth surface after crown cementation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adhesive cements increase crown retention, but it is unknown if traces of cement remain undetected on the tooth surface after clinical removal of excess cement, which could exacerbate plaque retention.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study measured the surface area, volume, mean depth, and maximum depth of a resin composite and a compomer luting cement left adherent on the tooth surface after removal of excess cement, as judged clinically.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four groups of specimens (n = 48) were prepared for full coverage crowns: group AC bonding alloy with chamfer finish line, group G gold alloy with chamfer finish line, group PC porcelain with a chamfer finish line, and group PS porcelain with a shoulder finish line. Two profiles of the mesial and distal surfaces of the teeth were carried out: (1) tooth with crown seated but not cemented and (2) tooth with the crown cemented in place. Two cements and 2 methods of cement removal were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 4-way analysis of variance for cement, crown type, method of removal, and tooth surface morphology showed that significantly greater volumes and mean depth, but not surface areas, of resin composite cement remained adherent than compomer cement (P<.05). Among crown types, significant differences were found for cement volume (group G>AC, G>PC, G>PS), cement surface area (group AC>PC, G>PC, G>PS), and maximum cement depth (group G>AC). There was no significant difference between the 2 methods of cement removal. Significantly larger surface areas and maximum depths of cement were retained on the anatomically grooved mesial surface of the maxillary first premolars than on the ungrooved distal surface.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subclinical cement retention occurred after crown cementation, which was influenced by cement, crown type, and tooth surface morphology but not method of cement removal.
authors.affiliation: School of Clinical Dentistry, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, U.K. c.mitchell@qub.ac.uk
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Pintado
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Geary
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Douglas
mesh_terms: D000269:Adhesives / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002484:Cementation; D020770:Compomers; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D003442:Crowns; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry*; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000209:etiology; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000737:chemistry; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D017268:Dental Prosthesis Retention; D003801:Dental Veneers; D006047:Gold Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D014070:Tooth / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D019231:Tooth Preparation, Prosthodontic
chemical_list: D000269:Adhesives; D020770:Compomers; D003188:Composite Resins; D003722:Dental Alloys; D003738:Dental Cements; C088486:Dyract; D006047:Gold Alloys; D008689:Methacrylates; D017640:Silicates; D003776:Dental Porcelain