title: The clinical, histologic, and ultrastructural presentation of polyvinyl sponge (Ivalon) breast prostheses removed for massive fluid accumulation.
abstract: The current study describes what we believe is the first report of bilateral massive seromas associated with open-cell Ivalon sponges. Additionally, the gross, histologic, and ultrastructural features consistent with previous reports of polyvinyl alcohol prostheses are presented. Despite the reported chemical inertness of polyvinyl alcohol, this material may incite a biologic response in some patients, leading to dense fibrosis and occasional foreign-body giant-cell reaction. It is postulated that the molecular breakdown products of the polyvinyl alcohol polymer may create an osmotic gradient across the periprosthetic capsule, which may lead to intracapsular fluid accumulation, as presented in this case.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny University of the Health Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Garrison
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Greene
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Raso
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology; D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D018427:Breast Implants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005122:Exudates and Transudates; D005260:Female; D005549:Foreign-Body Reaction / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D011145:Polyvinyls; C026699:ivalon sponge