title: Family-of-origin characteristics in bipolar disorder: a controlled study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the family-of-origin characteristics of patients with bipolar disorder relative to those of control subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-six euthymic patients meeting research diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorder and 21 control subjects completed the Family Environment Scale (FES) for the family they grew up with.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 2 groups showed strikingly similar profiles on 10 indices of family functioning or structure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results do not support the hypothesis that specific family attributes contribute to the development of bipolar disorder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Ontario. cooker@cs.clarke-inst.on.ca
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Cooke
authors.forename: L T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mohri
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Blake
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Joffe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005192:Family Health; D005195:Family Relations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012931:Social Environment