title: Critical pathways for postoperative care after simple congenital heart surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the clinical, financial, and parent/patient satisfaction impact of critical pathways on the postoperative care of pediatric cardiothoracic patients with simple congenital heart lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Critical pathways were developed by pediatric intensive care nurses and implemented under the direction of pediatric cardiothoracic surgeons.
  
  
  METHODS
  Critical pathways were used during a 12-month study on 46 postoperative patients with simple repair of atrial septal defect (ASD), coarctation of the aorta (CoA), and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Using the study criteria, a control group of 58 patients was chosen from 1993. Prospective and control group data collected included postoperative intubation time, total laboratory tests, arterial blood gas utilization, morphine utilization, time in the pediatric intensive care unit, total hospital stay, total hospital charges, total hospital cost, and complications. Variances from the critical pathway and satisfaction data were also recorded for study patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Resource utilization was reduced after implementation of critical pathways. Significant reductions were seen in total hours in the pediatric intensive care unit, total number of laboratory tests, postoperative intubation times, arterial blood gas utilization, morphine utilization, length of hospitalization (ASD, 4.9 to 3.1 days; CoA, 5.2 to 3.2 days; and PDA, 4.1 to 1.4 days; all P < 0.05), total hospital charges (ASD, $16,633 to $13,627; CoA, $14,292 to $8319; and PDA, $8249 to $4216; all P < 0.05), and total hospital costs. There was no increase in respiratory complications or other complications. Patients and families were generally satisfied with their hospital experience, including analgesia and length of hospitalization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Implementation of critical pathways reduced resource utilization and costs after repair of three simple congenital heart lesions, without obvious complications or patient dissatisfaction.
authors.affiliation: Primary Childrens' Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. pcmpric2@ihc.com
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hawkins
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: McGough
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Dean
mesh_terms: D001017:Aortic Coarctation / Q000191:economics / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D003258:Consumer Behavior; D019091:Critical Pathways; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000191:economics / Q000601:surgery; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000191:economics* / Q000601:surgery*; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000191:economics / Q000601:surgery; D017721:Hospital Costs; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010290:Parents; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000592:standards*; D014589:Utah; D014600:Utilization Review