title: beta-Trcp couples beta-catenin phosphorylation-degradation and regulates Xenopus axis formation.
abstract: Regulation of beta-catenin stability is essential for Wnt signal transduction during development and tumorigenesis. It is well known that serine-phosphorylation of beta-catenin by the Axin-glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3beta complex targets beta-catenin for ubiquitination-degradation, and mutations at critical phosphoserine residues stabilize beta-catenin and cause human cancers. How beta-catenin phosphorylation results in its degradation is undefined. Here we show that phosphorylated beta-catenin is specifically recognized by beta-Trcp, an F-box/WD40-repeat protein that also associates with Skp1, an essential component of the ubiquitination apparatus. beta-catenin harboring mutations at the critical phosphoserine residues escapes recognition by beta-Trcp, thus providing a molecular explanation for why these mutations cause beta-catenin accumulation that leads to cancer. Inhibition of endogenous beta-Trcp function by a dominant negative mutant stabilizes beta-catenin, activates Wnt/beta-catenin signaling, and induces axis formation in Xenopus embryos. Therefore, beta-Trcp plays a central role in recruiting phosphorylated beta-catenin for degradation and in dorsoventral patterning of the Xenopus embryo.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuroscience, Children's Hospital, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Do
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Yankner
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D060466:Axin Protein; D019521:Body Patterning; D015820:Cadherins / Q000378:metabolism; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000502:physiology*; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D006801:Humans; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; D014982:Xenopus laevis / Q000196:embryology*; D051176:beta Catenin; D044844:beta-Transducin Repeat-Containing Proteins
chemical_list: D060466:Axin Protein; C471646:BTRC protein, Xenopus; C471644:BTRC protein, human; C495266:CTNNB1 protein, Xenopus; C495270:CTNNB1 protein, human; D015820:Cadherins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; C555454:axin1 protein, Xenopus; D051176:beta Catenin; D044844:beta-Transducin Repeat-Containing Proteins; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins