title: Postural characteristics of diabetic neuropathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the posturographic correlates of diabetic neuropathy by comparing the performances of three groups of diabetic patients (severe, moderate, and absent neuropathy) with those of normal subjects and four clinical control groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the Interactive Balance System (Tetrax, Ramat Gan, Israel), based on the assessment of the interaction of vertical pressure fluctuations on four independent platforms, one for each heel and toe part, respectively, posturographic examinations were given to 28 diabetic patients (8 with severe, 12 with moderate, and 8 with no peripheral neuropathy), 30 normal control subjects, and a clinical control group of 52 patients (14 with stage II Parkinson's disease, 13 with brain damage, 7 with whiplash, and 19 with peripheral vestibular pathology). The following posturographic parameters were evaluated; 1) general stability; 2) Fourier analysis showing patterns of sway intensity within eight frequency bands between 0.1 and 3 Hz; 3) weight distribution; 4) synchronization of sway; and 5) performance patterns for eight positions, requiring closure of eyes and standing on an elastic surface, as well as left, right, back, and downward head turns.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For positions with closed eyes, diabetic patients with severe and moderate neuropathy were significantly less stable than normal subjects and diabetic patients without neuropathy, but diabetic patients with severe and moderate neuropathy turned out to be as equally unstable as clinical control subjects. However, for sway intensity within the band of 0.5 to 1.00 Hz on positions with lateral head turn with occluded vision, neuropathic diabetic patients performed significantly worse than did both normal and clinical control subjects. The same posturographic parameter also differed significantly between normal subjects and diabetic patients without neuropathy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As reported in previous studies, general instability in diabetic neuropathy is not a sufficiently characteristic correlate of the syndrome. On the other hand, spectral analysis of sway on stressful positions involving head turning appears to differentiate diabetic neuropathy from other disorders involving postural disturbances.
authors.affiliation: Orthopedic Rehabilitation Department, Chaim Sheva Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Oppenheim
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kohen-Raz
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Alex
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kohen-Raz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Azarya
mesh_terms: D001925:Brain Damage, Chronic / Q000503:physiopathology; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D006257:Head; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000503:physiopathology; D011187:Posture; D012016:Reference Values; D015837:Vestibular Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology