title: Absence of significant Th2 response in diabetes-prone non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice.
abstract: Accumulating evidence suggests that Th1 T cells play a pivotal role in the development of autoimmune diabetes. Conversely, promoting a Th2 response inhibits disease progression. However, it has not been determined whether Th2 cells are regulatory T cells that fail at the time of diabetes development in naive non-diabetic NOD mice. Therefore, in order to evaluate cytokine secretion by spleen and islet infiltrating T cells in NOD mice at different stages of the autoimmune process, we developed an ELISPOT assay that detects IL-2, IL-4, and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion in vitro at the single-cell level. We showed that, whatever the age considered, IFN-gamma is predominantly secreted, and that no IL-4-secreting cells are detected in the islets of male and female NOD mice. Spleen cells from 8-week-old female NOD mice, which include regulatory suppressor T cells, do not secrete IL-4, either upon presentation of islet cell antigens in vitro, or after transfer in vivo, but do secrete IFN-gamma. IFN-gamma secretion by T cells from diabetic mice results from CD4 but not CD8 T cells in transfer experiments into NOD/severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) recipients. These results suggest that (i) detection of regulatory CD4 T cells in NOD mice is not paralleled by a Th2 response; (ii) beta cell destruction does not depend on a switch from a Th2 to a Th1-type response; and (iii) CD8 T cells do not participate in induction of diabetes by secreting IFN-gamma.
authors.affiliation: U25 INSERM, Necker Hospital and U342 INSERM, Saint Vincent de Paul Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hartemann-Heurtier
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Richard
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boitard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D016513:Mice, SCID; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma