title: Lithium does not alter the choline/creatine ratio in the temporal lobe of human volunteers as measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of lithium administration on brain choline/creatine (Cho/Cr) ratios in healthy volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Research Unit at the University of Alberta.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen healthy volunteers, recruited through advertisements. Subjects were excluded if they had a physical illness, or a personal or family history of psychiatric illness. The study period was from Feb. 6, 1996, to Mar. 21, 1996.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects received a baseline proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) scan, and then were instructed to take either lithium (1,200 mg) or placebo at night for 7 days. On Day 8, the subjects returned for a second 1H MRS scan. Study participants were seen by a physician at the beginning and at the end of the experiment, and had access to the physician throughout the study period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ratios of Cho/Cr measured in the temporal lobes by 1H MRS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in the Cho/Cr ratios between the 2 groups on the test day (placebo 0.748 [standard deviation 0.29] versus lithium 0.811 [SD 0.25]; F = 0.147, p = 0.72), and there was no significant change from baseline in either group (0.003 above baseline for placebo; 0.056 above baseline for lithium; F = 1.21, p = 0.32).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lithium administration to healthy volunteers does not alter the Cho/Cr ratio in temporal lobe as measured by 1H MRS. The result concurs with reports that differences in Cho/Cr ratios observed in patients with bipolar disorder are likely specific to the illness, and are not the result of lithium therapy. Hence, alterations in choline function are not involved in the clinical effectiveness of lithium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Hanstock. peter.silverstone@ualberta.ca
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Silverstone
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hanstock
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rotzinger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002794:Choline / Q000378:metabolism*; D003401:Creatine / Q000378:metabolism; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008094:Lithium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011522:Protons; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D011522:Protons; D008094:Lithium; D003401:Creatine; D002794:Choline