title: Helicobacter pylori and risk of ulcer bleeding among users of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Peptic ulcer complications related to use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most common serious adverse drug reactions. Whether Helicobacter pylori infection potentiates this gastrointestinal toxicity of NSAIDs is still unresolved. In this study, we investigated the role of H. pylori as a cause of bleeding peptic ulcer among NSAID users.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study of current users (n = 132) of NSAIDs (including acetylsalicylic acid), admitted because of bleeding peptic ulcer, was performed. Controls were 136 NSAID users without gastrointestinal complications. H. pylori was diagnosed by either increased levels of serum immunoglobulin G or by 13C-urea breath test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-eight (44%) case subjects had a bleeding gastric ulcer, 54 (41%) had a bleeding duodenal ulcer, 12 (9%) had both gastric and duodenal ulcers, and 8 (6%) had hemorrhagic gastritis. H. pylori was present in 75 (57%) cases compared with 59 (43%) controls. The adjusted odds ratio of bleeding peptic ulcer among NSAID users associated with H. pylori infection was 1.81 (95% confidence interval, 1.02-3.21). H. pylori accounted for approximately 24% of bleeding peptic ulcers among elderly NSAID users.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NSAID users infected with H. pylori have an almost twofold increased risk of bleeding peptic ulcer compared with NSAID users without H. pylori.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Denmark. Aalykke@med.ou.dk
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aalykke
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lauritsen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hallas
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reinholdt
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Krogfelt
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lauritsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000382:microbiology*; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010437:Peptic Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000382:microbiology*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal