title: Accuracy of respiratory inductive plethysmography for the diagnosis of upper airway resistance syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the sensitivity and specificity of quantitative respiratory inductive plethysmography (RIP) compared with the "gold standard," nocturnal esophageal pressure (Pes) measurement, in the diagnosis of upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS) in adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen consecutive patients without obstructive sleep apnea and suspected of having UARS underwent simultaneous measurement of Pes with a catheter and standard nocturnal polysomnography along with RIP. UARS events (RERAs, respiratory effort-related arousals) were identified by observing crescendo changes in Pes with a Pes nadir < or = -12 cm H2O, followed by an arousal or microarousal. UARS was defined as > or = 10 RERAs per hour. For each patient, the ratio of peak inspiratory flow to mean inspiratory flow (PIFMF) measured by RIP was performed during quiet wakefulness and with 40 randomly selected breaths in the supine position for two conditions: stage 2 sleep, immediately prior to arousals in any sleep stage. The mean PIFMF (wake-sleep) was calculated for each condition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sensitivities and specificities, respectively, of RIP to distinguish UARS patients from non-UARS patients are from stage 2 sleep (67%, 80%), immediately prior to arousals (100%, 100%). For breaths occurring immediately prior to arousals, the mean PIFMF (wake-sleep) is > or = 0.13 for UARS patients and < 0.13 for non-UARS patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PIFMF measured by RIP allows for the most accurate identification of UARS patients when breaths are selected for analysis immediately prior to arousals.
authors.affiliation: Sleep Disorders Center, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Service, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC 20307-5001, USA.MAJOR_DANIEL_LOUBE@WRAMC1-avedd.army.mil
authors.forename: D I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Loube
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Andrada
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Howard
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis*; D000403:Airway Resistance; D004947:Esophagus / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010991:Plethysmography / Q000379:methods; D017286:Polysomnography; D011312:Pressure; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis; D012894:Sleep Stages; D013577:Syndrome