title: Middle management. Courtin' the middle.
abstract: Middle managers are essential to organisations but are often unsupported by those above them and reviled by those they supervise. Effective middle managers keep top managers in touch with reality and reinterpret policy and strategy so operational staff understand the point. Organisations should reassure middle managers about the validity of their work and provide continuing education.
authors.affiliation: Health Services Management Centre, Birmingham University.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wall
mesh_terms: D000288:Administrative Personnel / Q000193:education / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D010559:Personnel Management; D011361:Professional Competence; D013192:Staff Development; D013222:State Medicine / Q000458:organization & administration; D006113:United Kingdom