title: Effect of ipratropium bromide treatment on oxygen saturation and sleep quality in COPD.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with COPD are at risk of experiencing a deterioration in arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) during sleep, which is generally most pronounced during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Increased cholinergic tone has been suggested as a contributing factor to this decrease in SaO2. Therefore, we investigated whether 4-week treatment with ipratropium bromide inhalation solution 0.02% (qid) could improve sleep characteristics in COPD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, two-arm parallel study of 4 weeks of treatment with ipratropium bromide solution or placebo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicenter investigation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six patients with moderate-to-severe COPD (FEV1 < 65% of predicted).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Evaluation included polysomnographic, pulmonary function, and subjective quality of sleep (visual analog scale [VAS]) assessments. It was found that 4 week of treatment with ipratropium bromide solution in patients with COPD led to the following: (1) a significant (p = 0.05) improvement in mean nocturnal SaO2 with the more severe the nocturnal desaturation, the greater the improvement in SaO2; (2) significant (p = 0.03) improvement in perceived sleep quality (VAS: 5.5 +/- 0.5 after placebo; 7.2 +/- 0.5 after ipratropium); (3) a significant (p = 0.05) increase in REM sleep time (48.6 +/- 6.3 min after placebo; 66.5 +/- 6.4 min after ipratropium) with no effect on other sleep stages or total sleep time; and (4) a significant (p = 0.01) increase in pre-sleep FVC and flow rate at 50% of the vital capacity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings demonstrate that ipratropium bromide therapy can improve sleep SaO2 as well as sleep quality in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD.
authors.affiliation: National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, CO 80206, USA. martinr@njc.org
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Bartelson
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Hudgel
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pohl
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Koker
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Souhrada
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D009241:Ipratropium / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008173:Lung Diseases, Obstructive / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood*; D017286:Polysomnography; D012894:Sleep Stages; D014797:Vital Capacity
chemical_list: D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists; D009241:Ipratropium; D010100:Oxygen