title: [Ambulatory hysteroscopy in evaluation of postmenopausal bleeding].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diagnostic hysteroscopy is the most precise procedure to evaluate diseases involving the uterine cavity. There is, however, only limited data concerning the use of hysteroscopy carried out as an outpatient procedure in patients with postmenopausal bleeding.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study we report on 360 postmenopausal patients with erratic bleeding, who were referred to our outpatient hysteroscopy clinic. 185 women had frank postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) and another 175 had abnormal uterine bleeding while taking hormone replacement therapy (AUB). The mean age was 57.9 years (range: 42-86). All hysteroscopies were performed using a standard 5-mm hysteroscope with a 30 degrees fore-oblique lens; the uterine cavity was generally distended with normal saline.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Outpatient hysteroscopy was performed successfully in 339 patients (94.2%). In 166 cases (46.1%) cervical dilatation was necessary, and 138 required (38.3%) intracervical anaesthesia. Intrauterine pathology was diagnosed in 49.6% of cases, with endometrial polyps (20.9%) and fibroids (15.9%) being the most common abnormalities. While there was no difference in the incidence of intrauterine lesions between patients with AUB and those with PMB, endometrial carcinoma was more common in the latter group (PMB: n = 11 vs. AUB: n = 1; p < 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Due to its high accuracy and patient acceptance, outpatient diagnostic hysteroscopy should become a first line investigation in postmenopausal patients with bleeding disorders.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung für gynäkologische Endokrinologie und Sterilitätsbehandlung, Universitätsklinik für Frauenheilkunde, Wien, Osterreich.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wieser
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Albrecht
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kurz
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wenzl
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nagele
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D001706:Biopsy / Q000295:instrumentation; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000473:pathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D004717:Endometrium / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020702:Hysteroscopes; D015907:Hysteroscopy; D008875:Middle Aged; D011127:Polyps / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D017698:Postmenopause; D013525:Surgical Instruments; D014592:Uterine Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D014741:Video Recording / Q000295:instrumentation