title: Comparison of oral chloral hydrate with intramuscular ketamine, meperidine, and promethazine for pediatric sedation--preliminary report.
abstract: Fifteen consecutive pediatric patients ranging from 3 to 5 years old were selected to receive one of three sedative/hypnotic techniques. Group 1 received oral chloral hydrate 50 mg/kg, and groups 2 and 3 received intramuscular ketamine 2 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg, respectively. In addition to ketamine, patients in groups 2 and 3 received transmucosal intramuscular injections of meperidine and promethazine into the masseter muscle. Sedation for the satisfactory completion of restorative dentistry was obtained for over 40 min on average in the chloral hydrate group, but completion of dental surgery longer than 40 min was achieved in groups 2 and 3 only by intravenous supplements of ketamine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond 23298, USA.
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Mourino
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D002652:Child Behavior; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002697:Chloral Hydrate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000379:methods*; D019140:Dental Care for Children / Q000379:methods; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008614:Meperidine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011398:Promethazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D002697:Chloral Hydrate; D007649:Ketamine; D008614:Meperidine; D011398:Promethazine