title: Advances in ventilatory support of the pediatric surgical patient.
abstract: Severe respiratory failure in newborn and pediatric patients is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Basic science laboratory investigation has led to advances both in our understanding of ventilator-induced lung injury and in optimizing the supportive use of conventional ventilation strategies. Over the past few years, progress has been made in alternative therapies for ventilating both children and adults with severe respiratory failure. This review focuses on recent laboratory and clinical data detailing the techniques of permissive hypercapnia, high frequency oscillatory ventilation, inhaled nitric oxide, intratracheal pulmonary ventilation, and liquid ventilation. Some of these modalities are becoming commonplace, and others may have much to offer the clinician if their benefit is clearly demonstrated in future clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Michigan Hospitals, Ann Arbor 48109-0245, USA.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Hemmila
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Hirschl
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003422:Critical Care / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends*; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006612:High-Frequency Ventilation / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000628:therapy*; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000639:trends*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D005466:Fluorocarbons; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D009569:Nitric Oxide