title: Human tolerance to a single, high dose of D-tagatose.
abstract: The addition of 29 g D-tagatose added as a sweetener to a continental breakfast was tested for the appearance of gastrointestinal side effects in a double-blind randomized cross-over study with 29 g sucrose as a control treatment. The subjects reported the side effects during 72 h following the test meal on a questionnaire grading the symptoms on a five-level scale ranging from "none" to "very strong." Although "rumbling in the stomach," "distention," "nausea," "rumbling in the gut," "flatulence, " and "diarrhea" scored significantly higher with D-tagatose, the sugar otherwise was well tolerated in most of the subjects. Two cases of vomiting after D-tagatose were recorded but in one of the cases its relation to the D-tagatose intake was questionable. Only the "distention" score remained higher with D-tagatose for more than 24 h. Nausea, vomiting, and perceived distension may be due to an osmotic effect in the small intestine of unabsorbed D-tagatose. The increased flatus is caused by D-tagatose being fermented in the large intestine. Diarrhea may be explained by osmotic effects in the colon from nondegraded D-tagatose or nonabsorbed short-chain fatty acids produced by the increased fermentation.
authors.affiliation: Research Department of Human Nutrition & Centre of Food Research, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Frederiksberg, 1958, Denmark.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Buemann
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Toubro
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raben
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Astrup
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000139:chemically induced; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000009:adverse effects; D004064:Digestive System / Q000187:drug effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006601:Hexoses / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D013549:Sweetening Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D006601:Hexoses; D013549:Sweetening Agents; C030192:tagatose