title: Positioning of dental implants using computer-aided navigation and an optical tracking system: case report and presentation of a new method.
abstract: A navigation system for computer-aided surgery (Virtual Patient System, VPS) has been described in previous studies for different indications in oral and maxillofacial surgery. The aim of the system is the intraoperative transfer of preoperative planning on radiographs or CT scans on the patient, in real-time, and independent of the position of the patient's head. Until now an electromagnetic tracking system has been used for intra-operative position measurement. For placement of dental implants, the electromagnetic tracking system is not suitable since the motor of the implant drill leads to a considerable distortion of the magnetic field, thus direct visualization of drilling the implant socket was not possible. To overcome this problem, an optical tracking system which is not disturbed by conductive materials was integrated in the VPS system. The first patient operated on with this system had a posttraumatic loss of the upper incisors; three implants have been placed according to the prosthetic axis previously planned on radiographs and CT scans. The experience gained in this intervention led to the conclusion that computer-aided surgery provides a valuable tool in implant dentistry.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical School, University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, Vienna.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Watzinger
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Birkfellner
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wanschitz
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Millesi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schopper
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sinko
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bergmann
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ewers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003199:Computer Systems; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D015921:Dental Implants; D055590:Electromagnetic Phenomena / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000293:injuries; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D007568:Jaw / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D055095:Optics and Photonics / Q000295:instrumentation; D056948:Orthognathic Surgical Procedures; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D012984:Software; D013813:Therapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016388:Tooth Loss / Q000601:surgery; D014584:User-Computer Interface
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants