title: Pharmacokinetically guided dose escalation of carboplatin in epithelial ovarian cancer: effect on drug-plasma AUC and peripheral blood drug-DNA adduct levels.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Platinum based drugs are active agents in epithelial ovarian cancer and increased platinum drug dose intensity is thought to lead to improved survival, because of the largely untested assumption that increased dose intensity results in an increased interaction of the platinum drug with its target, DNA. In a previously reported phase I trial (Lind et al., J Clin Oncol 1996; 14: 800-5), carboplatin dose intensity was increased by the use of G-CSF to support the bone marrow and using pharmacokinetically-guided carboplatin dosing. The objectives of this study were to validate the carboplatin dosing formula during high dose intensity therapy and evaluate the relationship between systemic carboplatin exposure and Pt-DNA adduct levels in peripheral blood leucocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 17 patients were studied over four levels of dose intensification. The carboplatin dose was calculated using the 'Calvert formula'. Levels of drug-target interaction in peripheral blood leukocytes were measured using an immunoassay based on a monoclonal antibody that recognises DNA-platinum adducts. Pharmacokinetic measurements were carried out using a previously validated single sample method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The area under the curve of concentration of unbound carboplatin in plasma versus time (AUC) for target AUC values of 5, 7 and 9 mg/ml x min were: 5.6 +/- 1.0, 7.3 +/- 0.7 and 9.8 +/- 0.5 mg/ml x min (mean +/- S.D.). There was a good correlation between target and achieved dose intensities (r2 = 0.899) and the slope of the linear regression line was 0.95 (+/- 0.09 SD) not significantly different to 1.0 (P > 0.6). The levels of immunoreactive DNA adducts were not detectable at a target AUC of 5 mg/ml x min but increased progressively at the higher AUC levels. Accumulation of adducts between courses was not detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pharmacokinetically-based carboplatin dosing during high intensity therapy accurately predicted the dose required to achieve a target AUC and resulted in consistent patient exposure to active drug. During the dose escalation study, peripheral blood leucocyte DNA platinum-DNA adduct levels were positively related to drug dose and drug AUC.
authors.affiliation: Gynaecology Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghazal-Aswad
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Tilby
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lind
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Baily
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Calvert
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Newell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D018736:DNA Adducts / Q000097:blood*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D018736:DNA Adducts; D016190:Carboplatin