title: Sex differences in late behavioral response to subcutaneous formalin injection in mice.
abstract: We investigated sex- or gender-dependent differences in nociception using the formalin test in mice. In addition to typical biphasic responses, a new, late phase (Phase 3) was observed. A local anesthetic QX-314 injected at the end of Phase 2 blocked Phase 3. Phase 3 in female mice was significantly greater than that in male mice regardless the stage of the estrus cycle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Calejesan
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhuo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D012727:Sex Characteristics