title: Identification of the telomere in Trypanosoma cruzi reveals highly heterogeneous telomere lengths in different parasite strains.
abstract: Here we describe the cloning and characterisation of the Trypanosoma cruzi telomere. In the Y strain, it is formed by typical GGGTTA repeats with a mean size of approximately 500 bp. Adjacent to the telomere repeats we found a DNA sequence with significant homology to the T.cruzi 85 kDa surface antigen (gp85). Examination of the telomere in nine T.cruzi strains reveals differences in the organisation of chromosome ends. In one group of strains the size of the telomere repeat is relatively homogeneous and short (0.5-1.5 kb) as in the Y strain, while in the other, the length of the repeat is very heterogeneous and significantly longer, ranging in size from 1 to >10 kb. These different strains can be grouped similarly to previously existing classifications based on isoenzyme loci, rRNA genes, mini-exon gene sequences, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA and rRNA promoter sequences, suggesting that differential control of telomere length and organisation appeared as an early event in T. cruzi evolution. Two-dimensional pulsed field gel electrophoresis analysis shows that some chromosomes carry telomeres which are significantly larger than the mean telomere length. Importantly, the T.cruzi telomeres are organised in nucleosomal and non-nucleosomal chromatin.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia, Immunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, UNIFESP, São Paulo, S.P. 04023-062, Brazil.
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Freitas-Junior
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Porto
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Pirrit
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schenkman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scherf
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002843:Chromatin; D002875:Chromosomes; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004264:DNA Topoisomerases, Type I / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000235:genetics*; D013045:Species Specificity; D016615:Telomere / Q000235:genetics*; D014349:Trypanosoma cruzi / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D016054:DNA, Protozoan; D004264:DNA Topoisomerases, Type I