title: Cocaine associated priapism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cocaine abuse is an ongoing epidemic in the United States. Priapism associated with cocaine use has been reported only twice in the urological literature. To our knowledge we report the first series of priapism associated with cocaine use and the first case associated with the use of this drug in its solid form, known as crack.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the presentation of 3 patients to our emergency department within the last year. Each patient presented with priapism and no identifiable predisposition other than the use of cocaine within 24 hours, as evident on positive urine toxicology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Each patient delayed seeking treatment, which added to the complexity of therapy. Intracavernosal aspiration and irrigations failed in all 3 cases. Cavernous spongiosal shunting failed in the first 2 cases. Cases 2 and 3 were complicated by the high flow variant of priapism. Case 1 ultimately required partial penectomy for infected, gangrenous, distal penile tissue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It appears that cocaine can be a cause of refractory priapism and treatment can be challenging. We suggest that urine toxicology screening be considered in such cases. The identification of underlying cocaine abuse is important in preventing priapism recurrence in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Altman
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Seftel
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hampel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016578:Crack Cocaine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011317:Priapism / Q000139:chemically induced*
chemical_list: D016578:Crack Cocaine