title: Gemcitabine-induced programmed cell death (apoptosis) of human pancreatic carcinoma is determined by Bcl-2 content.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gemcitabine is a new nucleoside analogue that produces a clinical response in 30% of patients with unresectable pancreatic carcinoma. The cytotoxic effects of many chemotherapeutic agents occur through induction of programmed cell death (apoptosis), which is controlled by the bcl-2 gene family. We determined whether induction of apoptosis by gemcitabine in pancreatic carcinoma is associated with cellular Bcl-2 content.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four pancreatic carcinoma cell lines (MIA-PaCa-2, AsPC-1, Panc-1, and Panc-48) were screened by Western blotting for Bcl-2 protein expression. Dose-response relationships for the cytotoxic effects of gemcitabine were determined using methylthiotetrazole assays, and induction of apoptosis was confirmed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis. MIA-PaCa-2 cells transfected with human bcl-2 were also analyzed for gemcitabine-induced apoptosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pancreatic cancer cell lines expressed varying amounts of Bcl-2, and the 50% lethal dose for gemcitabine-induced apoptosis was correlated with Bcl-2 content. Furthermore, Bcl-2 overexpression was associated with a significant increase in the 50% lethal dose for gemcitabine-induced apoptosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cellular Bcl-2 content was directly correlated with the cytotoxicity of gemcitabine in pancreatic carcinoma. Therefore, routine immunohistochemical analyses may be useful in predicting gemcitabine efficacy, and patients who would likely not benefit could be spared gemcitabine administration. Furthermore, the effectiveness of gemcitabine and other chemotherapeutic agents may be increased by gene therapy-mediated alteration of bcl-2 gene family members.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Bold
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chandra
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: McConkey
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D015415:Biomarkers; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D019254:Genes, bcl-2 / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011379:Prognosis; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D015415:Biomarkers; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D000093542:Gemcitabine