title: Tradescantia bioassays for the determination of genotoxicity of water in the Panlong River, Kunming, People's Republic of China.
abstract: The Panlong river passes through Kunming City and receives a large quantity of municipal sewage and wastewater from industrial effluent. Along the river, 20 sites were selected to collect water samples to assess the genotoxicity using two Tradescantia assays, the micronucleus (Trad-MCN) and the stamen-hair-mutation (Trad-SHM) assays. The lowest frequencies in the Trad-MCN assay and the Trad-SHM assay are 3.19 MCN/100 tetrads and 1.32 M/1000 stamen hairs, respectively. In the water samples obtained from the Songhua Reservoir, the MCN frequencies and mutation rates are not statistically significantly different from the data found for the negative control (2.49 MCN/100 tetrads and 0.71 M/1000 stamen hairs). Among the other water samples, 19 in Trad-MCN assay and 17 in Trad-SHM assay show significantly higher genotoxicity than the control. The highest genotoxicity was in samples No. 19 for the MCN assay (8.73 MCN/100 cells), over three times higher than the negative control, and in sample No. 11 for the SHM assay (4.30 M/1000), six times higher than the negative control, and were about the same as for the positive control (10.0 mg/l NaN3, 9.28 MCN/100 tetrads and 7.44 SHM/1000 stamen hairs), respectively. The peak frequencies for the Trad-MCN assays were observed in the water samples obtained from the sites that were near industrial and municipal wastewater that ran into the river as effluent. In general, the frequency of MCN and SHM mutations increased where the river passed through Kunming. The Trad-MCN assay seemed more sensitive than that of the Trad-SHM assay in detecting genotoxicity of the river water pollution.
authors.affiliation: Biology Department, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China.
authors.forename: C Q
authors.initials: CQ
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Z H
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: S Q
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: X H
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: X F
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Liang
mesh_terms: D001681:Biological Assay; D002681:China; D005618:Fresh Water; D005843:Geography; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D010944:Plants; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D009153:Mutagens; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical