title: Early neurobehavioral outcome after stroke is related to release of neurobiochemical markers of brain damage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study aimed to investigate the predictive value of neurobiochemical markers of brain damage (protein S-100B and neuron-specific enolase [NSE]) with respect to early neurobehavioral outcome after stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated 58 patients with completed stroke who were admitted to the stroke unit of the Department of Neurology at Magdeburg University. Serial venous blood samples were taken after admission and during the first 4 days, and protein S-100B and NSE were analyzed by the use of immunoluminometric assays. In all patients, lesion topography and vascular supply were analyzed and volume of infarcted brain areas was calculated. The neurological status was evaluated by a standardized neurological examination and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) on admission, at days 1 and 4 on the stroke unit, at day 10, and at discharge from the hospital. Comprehensive neuropsychological examinations were performed in all patients with first-ever stroke event and supratentorial brain infarctions. Functional outcome was measured with the Barthel score at discharge from the hospital.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NSE and protein S-100B concentrations were significantly correlated with both volume of infarcted brain areas and NIHSS scores. Patients with an adverse neurological outcome had a significantly higher and significantly longer release of both markers. Neuropsychological impairment was associated with higher protein S-100B release, but this did not reach statistical significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum concentrations and kinetics of protein S-100B and NSE have a high predictive value for early neurobehavioral outcome after acute stroke. Protein S-100B concentrations at days 2 to 4 after acute stroke may provide valuable information for both neurological status and functional impairment at discharge from the acute care hospital.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuropsychology and Behavioral Neurology, Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Wunderlich
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Ebert
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kratz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goertler
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jost
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Herrmann
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001519:Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D015415:Biomarkers; D001925:Brain Damage, Chronic / Q000097:blood*; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009420:Nervous System / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000097:blood; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000097:blood; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D009418:S100 Proteins; C110294:S100A1 protein; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase