title: Metformin attenuates salt-induced hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
abstract: Metformin, an antihyperglycemic agent used for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, lowers blood pressure in humans and experimental animals. We recently demonstrated that short-term administration of metformin may lower blood pressure by reducing sympathetic neural outflow. The present studies were initiated to determine whether long-term administration of metformin blunts salt-induced hypertension, a condition characterized by elevated sympathetic activity. Male spontaneously hypertensive rats, in which radiotelemeters had been implanted for continuous monitoring of heart rate and blood pressure, were randomly assigned to groups that received vehicle (drinking water) or metformin (500 mg/kg per day) and ate a normal 0.3% NaCl diet and to groups that received vehicle or metformin and ate a high 8.0% NaCl diet for a period of 4 weeks. Although metformin did not affect blood pressure in the animals that ate the normal-salt diet (vehicle, 130+/-3 mm Hg; metformin, 133+/-5 mm Hg; mean+/-SEM), drug treatment blunted the rise in pressure caused by a high-salt diet (vehicle, 153+/-4 mm Hg; metformin, 140+/-5 mm Hg; P<0.001). In agreement, during direct pressure recordings in anesthetized rats, the animals that ate the high-salt diet had higher pressures (136+/-13 mm Hg) than those in the control (98+/-5 mm Hg, P<0.01), metformin (100+/-7 mm Hg, P<0.01), and metformin/high-salt groups (92+/-3 mm Hg, P<0.01). Finally, metformin lowered heart rate in rats that ate the normal- and high-salt diets (310+/-3 and 305+/-4 bpm) compared with rats that ate normal- and high-salt diets given vehicle (332+/-3 and 324+/-2 bpm, P<0.01). These data indicate that the chronic depressor actions of metformin are enhanced in animals with hypertension exacerbated by a high-salt diet.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, Bronx Community College, Bronx, NY USA. martinmu@alpha.lehman.cuny.edu
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Muntzel
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hamidou
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barrett
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; D006339:Heart Rate; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008687:Metformin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; D008687:Metformin