title: Evaluation of superior vermal Purkinje cell placement in mental illness.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A number of neuroimaging and neuropathological studies have reported abnormalities in the cerebellar vermis in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. In an effort to further understand vermal abnormalities in mental illness, we have analyzed ectopic placement of Purkinje-like cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  The superior cerebellar vermis was evaluated in 39 cases of severe mental illness [schizophrenia (n = 12), bipolar disease (n = 12), and depression (n = 15)]. We also examined 9 subjects with polysubstance abuse and 15 normal controls. All normally placed Purkinje cells and displaced Purkinje-like cells (i.e., in the internal granule layer and intrafoliar white matter) were counted in the same foliar field. The ratio of displaced Purkinje-like cells to total Purkinje cells and Purkinje cell density were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant difference in the ratio of displaced to normally placed Purkinje cells or in Purkinje cell density between groups of subjects was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study does not support a hypothesis of abnormalities of Purkinje cell migration or other events related to their displacement as a basis for the vermal abnormalities reported previously in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, NIMH Neuroscience Center at St. Elizabeths, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Helmkamp
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Bigelow
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Paltán-Ortiz
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Torrey
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kleinman
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Herman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000473:pathology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000473:pathology; D002452:Cell Count; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000166:cytology* / Q000473:pathology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000473:pathology*; D011689:Purkinje Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000473:pathology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000473:pathology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000473:pathology