title: Secretory event in intestinal grafts during preservation ischemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ischemia triggers secretion of proteins from the intestine, including type II secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2). This "secretory event" was studied in intestinal grafts during the first few hours of preservation by measuring total protein, sPLA2, and other enzymes in the UW preservation solution over time. The effect of PX-13, a PLA2 inhibitor, was also studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five centimeter intestinal grafts were harvested from Lewis rats, flushed, and preserved in UW solution +/- PX-13 at 4 degrees C. UW samples from 0 to 48 h (n = 5 each) were analyzed for total protein, sPLA2, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), N-acetylglucosamine (NAGA), and lysozyme. Nonpreserved grafts were homogenized in PBS as tissue controls. Standard biochemical methods were used for all assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total protein increased rapidly by 5 min, continued to rise more slowly until 30 min, and then stabilized. The most significant increase in sPLA2 activity occurred between 90 and 180 min. NAGA increased most markedly between 30 and 180 min, while LDH increased in the first 30 min, although the level of both enzymes was negligible compared to tissue enzyme. Lysozyme levels were minimal at all times. PX-13 decreased sPLA2 activity markedly at all time points.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Total protein levels increased before sPLA2, suggesting that sPLA2 may be secreted in response to other proteins or enzymes released even earlier during preservation (e.g., cytokines). These elevations do not appear to be caused by cell death. Phospholipase A2 secretion may be blocked, and this may greatly improve the outcome of intestinal preservation.
authors.affiliation: Medical College of Virginia of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arcuni
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yousef
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mikkelson
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Franson
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Sonnino
mesh_terms: D000117:Acetylglucosamine / Q000032:analysis; D000241:Adenosine / Q000737:chemistry; D000493:Allopurinol / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D015925:Cryopreservation; D005978:Glutathione / Q000737:chemistry; D007328:Insulin / Q000737:chemistry; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D007422:Intestines / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000637:transplantation*; D007511:Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism*; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D009113:Muramidase / Q000032:analysis; D019188:Organ Preservation Solutions / Q000737:chemistry; D010741:Phospholipases A / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D054467:Phospholipases A2; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D011887:Raffinose / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D019188:Organ Preservation Solutions; D011506:Proteins; C055206:University of Wisconsin-lactobionate solution; D000493:Allopurinol; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D010741:Phospholipases A; D054467:Phospholipases A2; D009113:Muramidase; D005978:Glutathione; D000241:Adenosine; D011887:Raffinose; D000117:Acetylglucosamine