title: Pharmacological manipulation of height: qualitative review of study populations and designs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Various substances that can have an important effect on height are increasingly available. However, research into pharmacological manipulation of height in children has been criticized. There are concerns about diagnostic criteria; about the medical, ethical, and economic ramifications of modulating growth in children with no endocrinological abnormalities; and about biased results due to weak study designs. The authors reviewed articles published since Jan. 1, 1995, to characterize recent research into this area.
  
  
  METHODS
  70 peer-reviewed articles published in 18 journals in 1995 describing effects of hormonal interventions to affect height were reviewed. Study population, intervention, main purpose (safety, physiology, or therapeutic effect), and methodology were examined. The search was expanded after 1995 to list randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating pharmacological manipulation in children and its effect on ultimate height in adults.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The inexpensive and brief androgen therapy for pubertal delay has been examined in RCTs, but expensive, long-term treatments to alter final adult height in children have rarely been subjected to RCTs. Some outcome reports pooled subjects with different causes of short stature. Documentation of growth hormone deficiency is problematic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a lack of RCTs in which target populations and growth outcomes are explicitly defined. Further research into overcoming barriers to relevant RCT studies is needed.
authors.affiliation: Winnipeg Children's Hospital. tabacksp@cc.umanitoba.ca
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Taback
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Guyda
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Van Vliet
mesh_terms: D001827:Body Height / Q000187:drug effects*; D002170:Canada; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D019382:Human Growth Hormone