title: Modulation of the differentiation status of cultured prostatic smooth muscle cells by an alpha1-adrenergic receptor antagonist.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prostatic stromal cells are believed to be a key factor in the pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The effect of phenylephrine, an alpha1-adrenergic receptor agonist, and doxazosin, an alpha1-adrenergic receptor-specific antagonist, on the expression of smooth muscle myosin-heavy-chain isotypes SM-1 and SM-2 was tested in an in vitro model of prostatic smooth muscle cells (SMC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary prostatic stromal cells, grown in SMC-specific medium, were treated with 10 microM of phenylephrine or 1 microM of doxazosin or a combination of both. SM-2 to SM-1 mRNA ratios and expression of alpha1-adrenergic receptor subtypes were determined by means of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) techniques. Cell growth was measured by a cell viability assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SM-1 mRNA and only very low levels of SM-2 mRNA were detected in prostatic SMC cultures grown for 4 days in a serum-free base medium. After 6 days of treatment, SM-2 expression increased, highest in the doxazosin-treated cultures. In comparison to unstimulated cells, a statistically significant 10-fold increase of the SM-2:SM-1 ratio was measured in doxazosin-treated cultures. Analysis of alpha1-adrenergic receptor subtype expression revealed the presence of mRNAs of subtypes 1d and 1b mRNAs. Subtype 1a was not expressed. Phenylephrine and doxazosin showed no significant effect on cell proliferation and on alpha1d-adrenergic receptor expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SMC can differentiate from a proliferative to a contractile phenotype, which is accompanied by increased expression of isotope 2 of smooth muscle myosin heavy chain. Our results suggest that doxazosin seems to have a long-term effect on the differentiation of prostatic stromal cells, indicating that alpha1-adrenergic receptor antagonists do not act solely on SMC contractility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Boesch
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Corvin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rogatsch
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bartsch
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Klocker
mesh_terms: D058646:Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Agonists; D058668:Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists; D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017931:DNA Primers; D017292:Doxazosin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D015879:Myosin Subfragments / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D009219:Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011467:Prostate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology*; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D018340:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1 / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D058646:Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Agonists; D058668:Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists; D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D017931:DNA Primers; D015879:Myosin Subfragments; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018340:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1; C090954:SM 1 peptide; D010656:Phenylephrine; D009219:Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase; D017292:Doxazosin