title: Formation of a major DNA adduct of the mitomycin metabolite 2,7-diaminomitosene in EMT6 mouse mammary tumor cells treated with mitomycin C.
abstract: Treatment of EMT6 mouse mammary tumor cells with [3H]mitomycin C (MC) results in the formation of six major DNA adducts, as described earlier using an HPLC assay of 3H-labeled products of enzymatic hydrolysis of DNA isolated from MC-treated cells. Four of these adducts were identified as monofunctional and bifunctional guanine-N2 adducts in the minor groove of DNA. In order to establish relationships between individual types of MC-DNA adducts and biological responses it is necessary to identify all of the adducts formed in cells. To this end we have now identified a predominant, previously unknown adduct formed in MC-treated EMT6 cells as a derivative not of MC, but of 2,7-diaminomitosene (2,7-DAM), the major bioreductive metabolite of MC. Rigorous proof demonstrates that it is a DNA major groove, guanine-N7 adduct of 2,7-DAM, linked at C-10 to DNA. The adduct is relatively stable at ambient temperature, but is readily depurinated upon heating. Its isolation from MC-treated cells indicates that MC is reductively metabolized to 2,7-DAM, which then undergoes further reductive activation to alkylate DNA, along with the parent MC. Low MC:DNA ratios were identified as a critical factor promoting 2,7-DAM adduct formation in an in vitro model calf thymus DNA/ MC/reductase model system, as well as in MC-treated EMT6 cells. The 2,7-DAM-guanine-N7 DNA adduct appears to be relatively noncytotoxic, as indicated by the dramatically lower cytotoxicity of 2,7-DAM in comparison with MC in EMT6 cells. Like MC, 2,7-DAM exhibited slightly greater cytotoxicity to cells treated under hypoxic as compared to aerobic conditions. However, 2,7-DAM was markedly less cytotoxic than MC under both aerobic and hypoxic conditions. Thus, metabolic reduction of MC to 2,7-DAM represents a detoxification process. The differential effects of MC-DNA and 2,7-DAM-DNA adducts support the concept that specific structural features of the DNA damage may play a critical role in the cytotoxic response to a DNA-targeted chemotherapeutic agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Palom
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Belcourt
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kasai
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Sartorelli
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rockwell
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomasz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D018736:DNA Adducts / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004249:DNA Damage; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015674:Mammary Neoplasms, Animal; D051379:Mice; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008937:Mitomycins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D019384:Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D018736:DNA Adducts; D008937:Mitomycins; D019384:Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors; D016685:Mitomycin; C056707:2,7-diaminomitosene