title: Fine needle aspiration cytology in the management of male breast masses. Nineteen years of experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the utility and accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) as well as its sensitivity, specificity and predictive value in the diagnosis of male breast masses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on male breast FNAC done between 1978 and 1997 were retrieved from the records of the cytopathology laboratory. FNAC diagnoses were categorized as positive, negative, inconclusive or unsatisfactory. Cytohistologic correlation was done with data from histopathology records. Sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy and predictive values of FNAC were calculated using standard statistical methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five hundred seven of 13,175 patients undergoing breast FNAC were males. Of them, 393/507 had satisfactory aspirates. Of these, 70 were positive (13.8%), 295 were negative (58%), and 29 were inconclusive (5.7%). A total of 114 FNACs (22.5%) were unsatisfactory. Histopathology was available in 97/507 cases. There were no false positive or false negative diagnoses. FNAC had a sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of 100% for male breast lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This large study shows that FNAC is a very accurate tool for diagnosis of male breast lesions. It is highly sensitive and specific, with good cytohistologic correlation. FNAC should therefore be an integral part of the primary assessment of breast lumps in males.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, All-India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kapila
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Verma
mesh_terms: D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D018567:Breast Neoplasms, Male / Q000473:pathology*; D006177:Gynecomastia / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity