title: Choice and representation in health care.
abstract: Choice is often thought to be critical in health care, especially to foster quality improvements and lower costs. However, it is also recognized that in the current system there is significant representation of consumers, members, and patients by physicians, employers, and health plans. Consent, accountability, and protections against conflicts of interest are necessary to ensure legitimate and effective representation. This article discusses the roles and responsibilities of physicians, employers, and other parties with respect to serving as representatives of health care consumers. The author concludes that to make representation more legitimate and effective in health care will require significant changes, which include (1) changing business to a stakeholder theory, (2) involving employees in health care coverage decisions, and (3) involving members of health plans in policy decisions.
authors.affiliation: Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, USA.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Emanuel
mesh_terms: D001294:Attitude to Health; D002755:Choice Behavior; D003256:Community Participation; D003254:Consumer Advocacy; D003657:Decision Making; D004651:Employment; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D007342:Insurance Benefits; D018854:Managed Competition; D017146:Models, Organizational; D010819:Physician's Role; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care; D012941:Social Responsibility; D014481:United States