title: Identification of critical formulation and processing variables for metoprolol tartrate extended-release (ER) matrix tablets.
abstract: The objective of this study, was to examine the influence of critical formulation and processing variables as described in the AAPS/FDA Workshop II report on scale-up of oral extended-release dosage forms, using a hydrophilic polymer hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (Methocel K100LV). A face-centered central composite design (26 runs+3 center points) was selected and the variables studied were: filler ratio (lactose:dicalcium phosphate (50:50)), polymer level (15/32.5/50%), magnesium stearate level (1/1.5/2%), lubricant blend time (2/6/10 min) and compression force (400/600/800 kg). Granulations (1.5 kg, 3000 units) were manufactured using a fluid-bed process, lubricated and tablets (100 mg metoprolol tartrate) were compressed on an instrumented Manesty D3B rotary tablet press. Dissolution tests were performed using USP apparatus 2, at 50 rpm in 900 ml phosphate buffer (pH 6.8). Responses studied included percent drug released at Q1 (1 h), Q4, Q6, Q12. Analysis of variance indicated that change in polymer level was the most significant factor affecting drug release. Increase in dicalcium phosphate level and compression force were found to affect the percent released at the later dissolution time points. Some interaction effects between the variables studied were also found to be statistically significant. The drug release mechanism was predominantly found to be Fickian diffusion controlled (n=0.46-0.59). Response surface plots and regression models were developed which adequately described the experimental space. Three formulations having slow-, medium- and fast-releasing dissolution profiles were identified for a future bioavailability/bioequivalency study. The results of this study provided the framework for further work involving both in vivo studies and scale-up.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201-1180, USA.
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Rekhi
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Nellore
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Tillman
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Malinowski
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Augsburger
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007785:Lactose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D008747:Methylcellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry*; D008790:Metoprolol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010078:Oxazines; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012995:Solubility; D013607:Tablets
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D010078:Oxazines; D013607:Tablets; D008747:Methylcellulose; C071191:MK 458; D008790:Metoprolol; D007785:Lactose