title: Perception of middorsum palatal stops from the speech of three children with repaired cleft palate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine listeners' perception of the middorsum palatal stop, a compensatory articulation used by individuals with repaired cleft palates.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study tested whether listeners could discriminate middorsum palatal stops from matched alveolar (/t/) and velar (/k/) stops using a two-button "change/no-change" procedure. It also explored how listeners identified the palatal stop by rating each sound on a scale of one to eight.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty listeners, 10 untrained and 10 trained in general phonetics (graduate students in speech-language pathology), participated in discrimination and identification tasks during a 1-hour session in the Speech Perception Laboratory at the University of Buffalo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Discrimination was measured using d-prime, a score based on listeners' hits, correct rejections, misses, and false alarms to the changes/no changes in the stimuli. Identification was measured by the mean rating score for each class of stops.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Listeners discriminated middorsum palatal stops from alveolar and velar stops, but their ratings for the middorsum palatal stops did not differ from those for the regular stop consonants. The two groups differing in phonetic training did not perform differently.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Listeners can discriminate middorsum palatal stops from other stop articulations, but they did not identify them differently from alveolar and velar stop consonants. The results suggest that considerable training listening to middorsum palatal stops is necessary for listeners to be able to reliably identify them.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Linguistics, Portland State University, Oregon 97207, USA. santell@nh1.nh.pdx.edu
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Santelmann
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sussman
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chapman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000503:physiopathology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D010159:Palate / Q000502:physiology*; D010160:Palate, Soft / Q000503:physiopathology; D010700:Phonetics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013060:Speech / Q000502:physiology*; D013067:Speech Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D013066:Speech-Language Pathology