title: Three-dimensional color Doppler: a clinical study in patients with mitral regurgitation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical feasibility of three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of color Doppler signals in patients with mitral regurgitation.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Two-dimensional (2D) color Doppler has limited value in visualizing and quantifying asymmetric mitral regurgitation. Clinical studies on 3D reconstruction of Doppler signals in original color coding have not yet been performed in patients. We have developed a new procedure for 3D reconstruction of color Doppler.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 58 patients by transesophageal 3D echocardiography. The jet area was assessed by planimetry and the jet volumes by 3D Doppler. The regurgitant fractions, the volumes, and the angiographic degree of mitral regurgitation were assessed in 28 patients with central jets and compared with those of 30 patients with eccentric jets.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all patients, jet areas and jet volumes significantly correlated with the angiographic grading (r = 0.73 and r = 0.90), the regurgitant fraction (r = 0.68 and r = 0.80) and the regurgitant volume (r = 0.66 and r = 0.90). In patients with central jets, significant correlations were found between jet area and angiography (r = 0.86), regurgitant fraction (r = 0.64) and regurgitant volume (r = 0.78). No significant correlations were found between jet area and angiography (r = 0.53), regurgitant fraction (r = 0.52) and regurgitant volume (r = 0.53) in the group of patients with eccentric jets. In contrast, jet volumes significantly correlated with angiography (r = 0.90), regurgitant fraction (r = 0.75) and regurgitant volume (r = 0.88) in the group of patients with eccentric jets.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Three-dimensional Doppler revealed new images of the complex jet geometry. In addition, jet volumes, assessed by an automated voxel count, independent of manual planimetry or subjective estimation, showed that 3D Doppler is also capable of quantifying asymmetric jets.
authors.affiliation: University of Heidelberg, Germany. r.de.simone@urz.uni-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De Simone
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Glombitza
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Vahl
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Albers
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Meinzer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hagl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D001810:Blood Volume / Q000502:physiology; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation*; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal / Q000295:instrumentation; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color / Q000295:instrumentation*