title: Origin of the serotonergic innervation to the rat dorsolateral hypothalamus: retrograde transport of cholera toxin and upregulation of tryptophan hydroxylase mRNA expression following selective nerve terminals lesion.
abstract: The regulation of serotonin synthesis was investigated in the serotonergic neurons, which provide afferents to the dorsolateral hypothalamus (DLH). The origin of the DLH projection neurons within the raphe nucleus was identified by retrograde transport of Cholera toxin (CTb) and their serotonergic nature confirmed by tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) immunocytochemistry. Disruption of serotonin synthesis steady-state was induced unilaterally by a selective and local destruction of serotonergic nerve terminals with 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT), stereotaxically injected in the right DLH. The results show that most of the serotonergic dorsal raphe neurons projecting to the DLH have an ipsilateral localization within the lateral aspects of the nucleus. In rats with unilateral DLH lesion, a population of serotonergic cells within the raphe nucleus exhibited a clear increase in TPH mRNA. These cells were about five times more numerous in the ipsilateral as compared to the contralateral dorsal raphe nucleus and they had, for the most part, a lateral localization within the raphe nucleus. Sham-operated rats did not exhibit any upregulation of TPH mRNA. Together, the present results provide the first demonstration that a discreet and selective destruction of serotonergic terminals induces a circumscribed and striking increase in TPH mRNA expression in a subset of brainstem serotonergic neurons projecting to and/or passing through the DLH. On the basis of these results and previous in vivo measurements of TPH activity (e.g., 5-HT synthesis), we suggest that this upregulation in TPH mRNA expression results from the loss of pre-synaptic and/or post-synaptic regulation of serotonin synthesis. These new findings raise important issues related to the repercussions of a local disruption in serotonergic neurotransmission on brain areas remote from the site of injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ljubic-Thibal
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Diksic
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hamel
mesh_terms: D015116:5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000344:Afferent Pathways / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D017729:Presynaptic Terminals / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011903:Raphe Nuclei / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism*; D014365:Tryptophan Hydroxylase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D015116:5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine; D012701:Serotonin; D002772:Cholera Toxin; D014365:Tryptophan Hydroxylase