title: [Effect of Kliogest on bone metabolism, bone mineral density and quality of life in postmenopausal patients].
abstract: The author investigated postmenopausal patients (with a natural menopause) (n = 32) where ammenorrhoea persisted for 1-2.2 years. They found a reduced bone mineral density (BMD) (ostoeopenia or osteoporosis) and laboratory tests revealed signs of increased bone turnover (so-called "fast losers"). Before administration of Kliogest R tablets, Novo Nordisk, Denmark, (1 tablet per day) and after 12 months the following parameters were evaluated: 1. Laboratory parameters of bone turnover: serum osteocalcin (OC) amino-terminal N-telopeptide of collagen I in 24-hour diuresis (NTx). 2. Bone mineral desnity (BMD) in lumbal vertebrae L1-L4 assessed by DXA (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry 3. By means of questionnaires climacteric symptoms were evaluated (score of climacteric symptoms). For statistical analysis of the assessed values the non-paired Wilcoxon-Wilcoxon test was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After treatment the OC levels were significantly lower (alpha = 0.05, p < 0.01), the values of NTx were highly significantly lower (alpha = 0.05, p < 0.001) and the BMD values in the second lumbar vertebra (it is usually most affected by osteoporosis), expressed by the T-score, was significantly higher (alpha = 0.05, p < 0.001). When evaluating the questionnaire "Score of climacteric symptoms" after treatment the number of points characterizing the intensity of symptoms was reduced. Most frequently improvement of the following symptoms was achieved: hot flushes and noctural perspiration, weakness, fatigue, impaired sleep, nervousness, irritability, dry vagina making intercourse unpleasant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One-year use of Kliogest increased significantly the density of the bone mineral in the axial skeleton, reduced the bone turnover and improved the quality of life of postmenopausal patients.
authors.affiliation: Osteologická ambulancia, Dérerova NsP, Bratislava.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wendlová
mesh_terms: D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism*; D002979:Climacteric / Q000187:drug effects; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D024042:Collagen Type I; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004964:Estriol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009640:Norethindrone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000378:metabolism; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D011788:Quality of Life
chemical_list: D024042:Collagen Type I; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010455:Peptides; C052929:collagen type I trimeric cross-linked peptide; D015675:Osteocalcin; D004958:Estradiol; C032040:Trisequens; D003094:Collagen; D004964:Estriol; D009640:Norethindrone