title: A clonal Plasmodium falciparum population in an isolated outbreak of malaria in the Republic of Cabo Verde.
abstract: We present the first parasitological, molecular and longitudinal analysis of an isolated outbreak of malaria. This outbreak occurred on Santiago Island (Republic of Cabo Verde), a region where malaria is hypoendemic and controlled, and thus the population is considered non-immune. Blood samples were collected from the inhabitants over 1 month and during cross-sectional surveys in the following year. The presence and nature of the parasites was determined by PCR. Plasmodium falciparum was the only species detected. Genetic analysis revealed that the circulating parasites were genetically homogeneous, and probably clonal. Gametocytes were found throughout this period. Our data suggest that this represented a focal outbreak, resulting in the infection of at least 40% of the villagers with a clonal parasite line. Thus, P. falciparum infections can persist for at least 1 year in a substantial proportion (10%) of the hosts. Implications for malaria control and the interpretation of epidemiological data are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Centro da Malária e outras Doenças Tropicais, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Arez
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Snounou
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Modiano
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.forename: V E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: do Rosario
mesh_terms: D000354:Africa, Western / Q000453:epidemiology; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood; D002999:Clone Cells; D009033:Culicidae / Q000145:classification / Q000469:parasitology; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000032:analysis; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D006801:Humans; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology*; D020066:Merozoite Surface Protein 1 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012423:Rural Health
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D016054:DNA, Protozoan; D020066:Merozoite Surface Protein 1