title: Probable antagonism of warfarin by green tea.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a case of the inhibition of the effect of warfarin by green tea.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 44-year-old white man was receiving warfarin for thromboembolic prophylaxis secondary to a St. Jude mechanical valve replacement in the aortic position. The patient had an international normalized ratio (INR) of 3.20 approximately one month prior to entering our clinic, and an INR of 3.79 on entering our clinic. Twenty-two days later his INR was 1.37. One month later the patient's INR was 1.14. It was subsequently discovered that the patient began drinking one-half to one gallon of green tea per day about one week prior to the INR of 1.37. On discontinuation of the green tea, the patient's INR increased to 2.55.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Warfarin produces anticoagulation by inhibiting production of the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors (i.e., factors II, VII, IX, X). The exogenous administration of vitamin K inhibits the effect of warfarin and reduces a patient's degree of anticoagulation. Green tea can be a significant source of vitamin K and thus antagonize the effect of warfarin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Warfarin is a highly effective oral anticoagulant, but it requires close monitoring to prevent complications. Patients receiving warfarin need to be routinely questioned about their intake of vitamin K-containing foods and beverages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610, USA.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Wilt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013662:Tea / Q000737:chemistry*; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D014859:Warfarin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D013662:Tea; D014859:Warfarin