title: Steroidogenic factor 1-DNA binding: a kinetic analysis using surface plasmon resonance.
abstract: Basal expression of the glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit gene in pituitary gonadotrophs is partially dependent on a gonadotroph specific element (GSE) which binds the nuclear receptor, steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1). We have used surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to determine the association (kappa ass), dissociation (kappa diss) and affinity (KA) constants of SF-1 binding to immobilized oligonucleotides containing either the GSE consensus motif or a GSE mutant with a 2 bp substitution in the GSE site (GSEMUT). In vitro translated SF-1 protein bound the consensus GSE with a threefold increase in affinity constant (P<0.01) compared with the GSEMUT. This was due primarily to a significant increase (P<0.05) in the kappa ass for SF-1 to the GSE and a slower kappa diss (P<0.05). The binding interaction was specific and could be significantly inhibited (P<0. 001) by either anti-SF-1 antibody or excess non-biotinylated GSE. The addition of 14 bp wild-type flanking sequences significantly reduced the affinity of SF-1 to both the GSE (P<0.05) and the GSEMUT (P<0.01). This was due to a significant (P<0.01) decrease in kappa ass for the wild-type and mutant long oligonucleotides compared with the short GSE. Nuclear extracts from alphaT3-1 gonadotroph cells also bound the GSE and GSEMUT, giving kappa diss values which were two- to threefold slower than those obtained with in vitro translated SF-1. Thus, SPR is a powerful technique for examining kinetic interaction between SF-1 and its binding site, and is able to demonstrate the effects of mutations and flanking sequences on that interaction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, St Bartholomew's and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Turner Street, London E1 2AD, UK.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bryan
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Aylwin
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Burrin
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051717:Fushi Tarazu Transcription Factors; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D007700:Kinetics; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D054339:Steroidogenic Factor 1; D020349:Surface Plasmon Resonance; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051717:Fushi Tarazu Transcription Factors; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D054339:Steroidogenic Factor 1; D014157:Transcription Factors; D004247:DNA