title: [Serum amyloid A (SAA) 1, SAA 2 and apolipoprotein E isotype frequencies in rheumatoid arthritis patients with AA amyloidosis].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship between polymorphism of serum amyloid A (SAA) 1, SAA 2 and Apolipoprotein E (Apo E) and susceptibility to AA amyloidosis (AA) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared the frequencies of SAA 1 alleles (alpha, beta, gamma), SAA 2 alleles (alpha, beta) and apo E alleles (epsilon 2, epsilon 3, epsilon 4) in AA-positive RA with those in AA-negative RA. Each isotype was analyzed by the following method: SAA 1 and SAA 2 by PCR-RFLP and Apo E by Western blotting method. Blood samples were obtained from 50 AA-positive RA patients with SAA 1 isotype, 50 AA-negative RA patients with SAA 1 isotype, 27 AA-positive RA patients with SAA 2 isotype, and 26 AA-negative RA patients with SAA 2 isotype, respectively. Likewise, Apo E isotype was determined by withdrawing blood samples from 61 AA-positive RA cases and 51 AA-negative RA cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In AA-positive RA, each frequency of three different alleles of SAA 1, i.e., alpha, beta and gamma was 15%, 32% and 53%, while it was 32%, 28% and 40% in AA-negative RA. The allelic distribution between AA-positive RA group and AA-negative RA group was significantly different (P = 0.00163) with a lower frequency of alpha allele and a higher gamma allele frequency observed in AA-positive RA group. The frequency of each SAA 2 alleles (alpha & beta) was almost identical: 88.9% and 11.1% in AA-positive RA versus 90.4% and 9.6% in AA-negative RA with p value of 0.8007. Each frequency of three different Apo E alleles (epsilon 2, epsilon 3 & epsilon 4) was 4.9%, 85.2% and 9.8% in AA-positive RA, while in AA-negative RA it was 7.8%, 86.3% and 5.9%, respectively. The AA-positive RA group showed a slightly higher prevalence of epsilon 4 allele than the AA-negative RA group, yet the difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.3969).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest the possibilities that SAA 1 alpha may be working protectively against and SAA 1 gamma provocatively for the development of AA amyloidosis in RA. However, there was no significant association between SAA 2 isotype patterns and the development of AA amyloidosis in RA. Furthermore, there was no discernible association between AA amyloidosis in RA and Apo E 4 isotype.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Rheumatic Diseases, Dohgo Spa Hospital, Ehime.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okuda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takasugi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nanba
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Onishi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Inoue
mesh_terms: D000686:Amyloidosis / Q000097:blood*; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000097:blood*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; C083772:SAA2 protein, human; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein