title: Prognostic significance of angiogenesis and Ki-67, p53, and p21 expression: a population-based endometrial carcinoma study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  For endometrial carcinoma patients, there is a need for improved identification of high-risk groups that may benefit from postoperative adjuvant therapy. We therefore studied the prognostic impact of markers for cell proliferation, cell-cycle regulation, and angiogenesis among endometrial carcinoma patients in a population-based setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients diagnosed with endometrial carcinoma between 1981 and 1985 in Hordaland County, Norway, were studied. The median follow-up for the survivors was 11.5 years (range, 8 to 15 years), with no patient lost because of insufficient follow-up information. Paraffin-embedded tumor tissue, available in 96% of the cases (n = 142), was studied immunohistochemically for microvessel density (MVD) and expression of Ki-67, p53, and p21 proteins. We used the hot spot method for calculation of MVD, and expression of Ki-67 and p21 protein, because this approach may increase the probability of detecting small aggressive clones of possible prognostic relevance. The importance of these tumor markers was investigated in univariate survival analyses and Cox regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of traditional clinicopathologic variables was significantly associated with the tumor biomarkers. Age, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, histologic type, histologic grade, MVD, as well as Ki-67, p53, and p21 protein expression, all significantly influenced survival in univariate analyses (P < or = .05). In the Cox regression analysis, age, FIGO stage, MVD, Ki-67 expression, and p53 expression were the only variables with independent prognostic impact (P < or = .05), whereas histologic type, histologic grade, and p21 expression had no independent influence. A group of high-risk patients with more than one unfavorable marker was identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In addition to age and FIGO stage, MVD, Ki-67, and p53 protein expression showed an independent prognostic impact. Thus, information derived from routine histologic specimens identified a subgroup of high-risk endometrial carcinoma patients in this population-based study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The Gade Institute, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Salvesen
authors.forename: O E
authors.initials: OE
authors.lastname: Iversen
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Akslen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins / Q000378:metabolism; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000473:pathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D015996:Survival Rate; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53