title: Clinical results of arterial switch operation for double-outlet right ventricle with subpulmonary VSD.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An arterial switch operation is considered a good alternative for the repair of double-outlet right ventricle (DORV) with atrioventricular concordance connection and subpulmonary ventricular septal defect (VSD) when intraventricular rerouting is not feasible. The clinical results of an arterial switch operation with ventricular septal defect closure for this anomaly were studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1986 and 1997, 27 patients ranging from 10 days to 5 years of age (mean 0.4 years) underwent an arterial switch operation with ventricular septal defect closure for the correction of double outlet right ventricle with subpulmonary VSD. The 50% rule was used to define double-outlet right ventricle. Arch anomalies were associated in nine cases, and were corrected either previously or simultaneously. A subarterial muscle resection was performed in 14 without any subsequent stenosis of the ventricular outflow tract. The relationship of the great arteries was mostly anteroposterior in 15 and mostly side by side in 12. The left coronary artery (main trunk or circumflex artery) courses behind the pulmonary artery in 15/27 (six/15 in the anteroposterior relation and ten/12 in the side by side relation). The Lecompte maneuver was used to reconstruct the pulmonary artery in all but five cases with a side by side relationship of the great arteries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was one operative death (3.7%) and three late deaths. The actuarial survival rate was 83 +/- 8% at 9 years. Right ventricular outflow tract obstruction including peripheral pulmonary stenosis developed in seven cases operated on in the early era. The reoperation free rate was 46 +/- 20% at 9 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although double-outlet right ventricle with subpulmonary VSD has complex features, including an aortic arch obstruction and coronary artery anomalies, an optimal definitive surgical repair using an arterial switch operation can be performed safely with a thorough understanding of this variable anomaly. The prevention of right ventricular outflow tract obstruction at the time of an arterial switch operation may thus help improve the rate of late morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Research Institute of Angiocardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. masuda@heart.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kado
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shiokawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukae
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kanegae
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawachi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yasui
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D004310:Double Outlet Right Ventricle / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome