Empirically supported treatments in pediatric psychology: procedure-related pain.
OBJECTIVE
To use the Chambless criteria for empirically supported treatments and determine if any interventions for procedure-related pain in children and adolescents can be designated as "well established," "probably efficacious," or "promising."


METHODS
The Chambless criteria were applied to 13 treatment outcome studies identified by a comprehensive literature review.


RESULTS
A detailed summary is provided for each study, including the following information: citation, subjects, diagnostic criteria, baseline, experimental design, assessment measures, treatment protocol, outcome, and follow-up.


CONCLUSIONS
Cognitive behavioral therapy is a "well-established treatment" for procedure-related pain in children and adolescents. Treatment includes breathing exercises and other forms of relaxation and distraction, imagery and other forms of cognitive coping skills, filmed modeling, reinforcement/incentive, behavioral rehearsal, and active coaching by a psychologist, parent, and/or medical staff member. I discuss future challenges for biobehavioral research and practice in the area of procedure-related pain.
Powers
S W
SW
Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Psychology, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039, USA. scottpowers@chmcc.org
D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000379:methods*; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*