title: Post-treatment with an inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase attenuates cerebral damage in focal ischemia.
abstract: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is thought to play a physio-logical role in maintaining genomic integrity and in the repair of DNA strand breaks. However, the activation of PARP by free radical-damaged DNA plays a pivotal role in mediating ischemia-reperfusion injury. The excessive activation of PARP causes a rapid depletion of intracellular energy leading to cell death. The present study examined the effect of post-ischemic pharmacological inhibition of PARP in a rat focal cerebral ischemia model. In Long-Evans rats, focal cerebral ischemia was produced by cauterization of the right distal middle cerebral artery (MCA) with bilateral temporary common carotid artery (CCA) occlusion for 90 min. A PARP inhibitor, 3, 4-dihydro-5-[4-(1-piperidinyl)butoxy]-1(2H)-isoquinolinone (DPQ; IC50=1 microM/l) was injected i.p. 30 min after the onset of MCA occlusion (control: 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg; n=7 each). Twenty-four hours later, the total infarct volume was measured. Regional blood flow in the right parietal cortex decreased to approximately 20% of the baseline following MCA occlusion in all groups. PARP inhibition lead to a significant decrease in damaged volume in all treated groups with the largest reduction in the 40 mg/kg group (111.5+/-24. 8 mm3, mean+/-SD, p<0.01), compared to the control group (193.5+/-28. 6 mm3). We also found there was a significant increase of poly(ADP-ribose) immunoreactivity in the ischemic region, as compared to the contralateral side, with DPQ treatment diminishing poly(ADP-ribose) production. These findings indicate that DPQ exerts its neuroprotective effects in vivo by PARP inhibition and that PARP inhibitors may be effective for treating ischemic stroke, even when the treatment is initiated after the onset of ischemia.
authors.affiliation: Cerebrovascular Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, 429 Johnson Pavilion, 3610 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6063, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Pieper
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Croul
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Greenberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D010880:Piperidines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000067856:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007546:Isoquinolines; D010880:Piperidines; D000067856:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors; C108729:3,4-dihydro-5-(4-(1-piperidinyl)butoxy)-1(2H)-isoquinolinone