title: Protein metabolism in insulin-treated gestational diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that protein metabolism is not totally normalized in insulin treated gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients compared with normal, pregnant control subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Protein metabolism in eight Hispanic women with insulin-treated GDM and eight healthy Hispanic control women was studied in late gestation and at 6 weeks postpartum. Nitrogen flux was assessed from the disposal rate of [15N]-labeled urea over 12 h after a dose of [15N]-labeled leucine. Plasma amino acid concentrations were determined in fasting and 2-h postprandial samples using an amino acid analyzer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Protein turnover was normalized in insulin-treated GDM; however, fasting and postprandial plasma amino acids were elevated antepartum and postpartum. Nitrogen flux was significantly lower during pregnancy (P = 0.04-0.001) and did not differ between groups. Fasting and postprandial plasma amino acids were elevated in GDM antepartum and postpartum, despite satisfactory glycemic control. Fasting levels of taurine, hydroxyproline, glutamic acid, glutamine, cystine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and histidine were higher in GDM antepartum and postpartum (P < 0.05). Postprandial concentrations of taurine, hydroxyproline, valine, cystine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, ornithine, lysine, histidine, and arginine were higher in GDM antepartum and postpartum (P < 0.05). With few exceptions, plasma amino acid concentrations were lower antepartum than postpartum (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Protein turnover was normalized in insulin-treated women with GDM; however, fasting and postprandial plasma concentrations of amino acids were elevated in the antepartum and postpartum periods, despite satisfactory maternal glycemic control.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Services, (USDA/ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. nbutte@bcm.tmc.edu
authors.forename: N F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Butte
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thotathuchery
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Khoury
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Reeds
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000097:blood; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D001823:Body Composition; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007930:Leucine / Q000378:metabolism; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes; D019518:Postprandial Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D012016:Reference Values; D014481:United States; D014508:Urea / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes; D011506:Proteins; D014508:Urea; D007930:Leucine