title: A morphological and molecular perspective of Trichoderma viride: is it one or two species?
abstract: Trichoderma (Ascomycetes, Hypocreales) strains that have warted conidia are traditionally identified as T. viride, the type species of Trichoderma. However, two morphologically distinct types of conidial warts (I and II) have been found. Because each type corresponds to a unique mitochondrial DNA pattern, it has been questioned whether T. viride comprises more than one species. Combined molecular data (sequences of the internal transcribed spacer 1 [ITS-1] and ITS-2 regions and of part of the 28S rRNA gene along with results of restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the endochitinase gene and PCR fingerprinting), morphology, physiology, and colony characteristics distinguish type I and type II as different species. Type I corresponds to "true" T. viride, the anamorph of Hypocrea rufa. Type II represents a new species, T. asperellum, which is, in terms of molecular characteristics, close to the neotype of T. hamatum.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Biologie/Genetik, Humboldt-Universität, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. Elke=Lieckfeldt@biologie.hu-berlin.de
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lieckfeldt
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Samuels
authors.forename: H I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Nirenberg
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Petrini
mesh_terms: D002688:Chitinases / Q000235:genetics; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting / Q000379:methods; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics*; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000032:analysis; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D020459:Genes, rRNA; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012339:RNA, Ribosomal, 28S / Q000235:genetics*; D013045:Species Specificity; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D012339:RNA, Ribosomal, 28S; D002688:Chitinases