title: A neuroendocrine study of serotonin function in depressed stroke patients compared to non depressed stroke patients and healthy controls.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We employed a neuroendocrine challenge paradigm to study serotonergic abnormalities associated with poststroke depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve depressed stroke patients (major depression N= 5, minor depression N = 7), 8 nondepressed stroke patients and 12 healthy volunteers completed a single-blind, placebo-controlled, challenge tests. Baseline cortisol (CORT) and prolactin (PRL) values, and these hormonal responses to 30 mg of oral d-FEN and placebo over a 4 hour period were measured in the three groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were intergroup differences for baseline adjusted PRL responses (change scores from baseline) to d-FEN (group effect F = 4.38, df = 2,29, p = 0.02) while these responses to placebo were comparable between groups (group effect F = 1.82, df = 2,29, p = 0.18). Peak PRL responses (post d-FEN maximal PRL change from baseline scores) in depressed stroke patients were significantly greater than in nondepressed patients (p = 0.005) but comparable to healthy normals (p = 0.47). However, these responses between major and minor depression were not significant (p = 0.34). There was a trend suggesting a negative correlation between peak PRL response and severity of depression (p = 0.056). Depressed patients were younger than the controls (p = 0.054). Also, the depressed group was more functionally impaired (p = 0.04) and more likely to have right-sided lesions (p = 0.009) compared with the nondepressed group. Differences in baseline adjusted PRL changes between depressed and nondepressed groups became non significant when the influence of laterality of lesions was covaried, whereas covariation of functional scores and age did not alter the significance. CORT responses did not show intergroup differences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study group was small and was heterogenous in lesion characteristics, time since stroke and type of depression. A fixed-order design was used in the challenge test paradigm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When laterality of stroke lesion was taken into account, depressed and nondepressed stroke patients did not differ in PRL responses to d-FEN.
authors.affiliation: The Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Royal Ottawa Hospital, Canada.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramasubbu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Flint
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Awad
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kennedy
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005277:Fenfluramine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005277:Fenfluramine; D006854:Hydrocortisone; D011388:Prolactin; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors