title: Controlled study of preschool development after surgery for congenital heart disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Research into intellectual impairment among children with congenital heart disease has focused mainly on older children. This study was designed to determine whether previous findings are applicable to preschool children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three groups of children under 31/2 years old were assessed immediately before treatment and 12 months later: a group with congenital heart disease awaiting surgery, another awaiting bone marrow transplantation, and a healthy comparison group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although the means of the three groups were within the normal range, preoperatively the cardiac and transplant groups showed deficits compared with the healthy controls. Postoperatively, continuing developmental deficits were significant only in the children with cyanotic lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Conclusions about intellectual development in older children with congenital heart disease do not apply to preschool children. Before corrective surgery, chronic illness itself appears to be the predominant influence on development. Postoperatively, cyanotic and acyanotic lesions are associated with different short term outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Surgical Unit, Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Middlesex UB9 6JH, UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wray
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sensky
mesh_terms: D002657:Child Development; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D003490:Cyanosis / Q000523:psychology; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007360:Intelligence; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies