title: Measurement of brain structures with artificial neural networks: two- and three-dimensional applications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the ability of an artificial neural network (ANN) to identify brain structures. This ANN was applied to postprocessed magnetic resonance (MR) images to segment various brain structures in both two- and three-dimensional applications.
  
  
  METHODS
  An ANN was designed that learned from experience to define the corpus callosum, whole brain, caudate, and putamen. Manual segmentation was used as a training set for the ANN. The ANN was trained on two-thirds of the manually segmented images and was tested on the remaining one-third. The reliability of the ANN was compared against manual segmentations by two technicians.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ANN was able to identify the brain structures as readily and as well as did the two technicians. Reliability of the ANN compared with the technicians was 0.96 for the corpus callosum, 0.95 for the whole brain, 0.86 (right) and 0.93 (left) for the caudate, and 0.71 (right) and 0.88 (left) for the putamen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ANN was able to identify the structures used in this study as well as did the two technicians. The ANN could do this much more rapidly and without rater drift. Several other cortical and subcortical structures could also be readily identified with this method.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Magnotta
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Heckel
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Andreasen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cizadlo
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Corson
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Ehrhardt
authors.forename: W T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Yuh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000473:pathology; D002421:Caudate Nucleus / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000473:pathology; D003337:Corpus Callosum / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D011699:Putamen / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000473:pathology; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000473:pathology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity