title: Combination antiretroviral therapy improves psychomotor speed performance in HIV-seropositive homosexual men. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Combination antiretroviral therapy including protease inhibitors (combo+PI) is effective in suppressing systemic viral load in HIV infection, but its impact on HIV-associated cognitive impairment is unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether psychomotor speed, a sensitive measure of impairment in HIV dementia, improves with combo+PI compared with other antiretroviral treatments.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 411 HIV-seropositive (HIV+) homosexual men (with longitudinal neuropsychological testing) in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and, in a separate analysis, 282 HIV+ homosexual men with psychomotor slowing at baseline were classified by treatment into four groups: antiretroviral naive (no antiretroviral medication treatment), monotherapy, combination antiretroviral therapy without protease inhibitors (combo-noPI), and combo+PI. We compared longitudinal performance on three tests of psychomotor speed: the Grooved Pegboard (GP) (nondominant and dominant hands), Trail Making Test B, and the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Relative to antiretroviral-naïve and monotherapy participants, on the GP nondominant hand test, combo+PI participants with abnormal baseline neuropsychological testing showed improved performance (difference = +0.63 standard deviation [SD], p = 0.02). For the SDMT, both combo+PI participants (difference = +0.26 SD, p = 0.03) and combo-noPI participants (difference = +0.29 SD, p = 0.01) with abnormal baseline neuropsychological testing improved compared with antiretroviral-naïve and monotherapy groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combo+PI and combo-noPI are associated with improved psychomotor speed performance in HIV+ homosexual men with abnormal neuropsychological testing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Sacktor
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Lyles
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Skolasky
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: McArthur
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: McFarlane
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Selnes
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wesch
authors.forename: E N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology*; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011597:Psychomotor Performance
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents