title: Neurogenic ST depression in stroke.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Stroke is occasionally associated with ECG repolarization changes including ST depression. Recent evidence suggests a neurogenic contribution to these abnormalities in stroke patients. Animal studies implicate the insular cortex in cardiovascular control. We describe a patient with a left insular infarct and without cardiac or coronary artery disease, who developed ST depression indicating a neurogenic etiology.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 48 year-old female, with no risk factors for stroke, developed sudden expressive aphasia. MRI brain showed an infarct in the left insular cortex. Twenty-four hour Holter monitoring on the third day revealed transient ST depression more than 1.5 mm, which was not reproducible on subsequent monitoring. Transesophageal echo-cardiography (TEE) was normal. She had no cardiac symptoms and serial ECGs, cardiac enzymes (CKMB) and adenosine thallium scan were normal. To-date, there had been no cardiac events like congestive heart failure or myocardial ischemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest neurogenic ST depression is related to the left insular infarct in view of the normal adenosine thallium scan, non-reproducibility and evanescence of the ST segment changes and lack of associated cardiac symptoms. When neurogenic ST depression is combined with underlying coronary artery disease, it may adversely influence cardiac outcome after stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. hschua@signet.com.sg
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chua
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sen
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Cosgriff
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gerstenblith
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Beauchamp
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Oppenheimer
mesh_terms: D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology*; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal / Q000379:methods; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D013997:Time Factors