title: Psychological conditions diagnosed among veterans seeking Department of Defense Care for Gulf War-related health concerns.
abstract: The Comprehensive Clinical Evaluation Program is a US military program that provides a voluntary, clinically oriented evaluation for Gulf War health concerns. This article presents administrative data on psychological conditions (as coded using the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision) from the first year of the program. The most commonly diagnosed psychological conditions were medically unexplained physical-symptom syndromes; depression and anxiety, including post-traumatic stress disorder; and alcohol abuse or dependence. Psychological conditions were significantly related to a higher number of workdays lost, and the 19% of veterans with a primary diagnosis of a psychological condition reported 28% of the lost workdays among veteran who participated. Stressful Gulf War experiences were weakly but significantly related to psychological conditions. We conclude that among Gulf War veterans seeking evaluation for Gulf War-related health concerns, psychological conditions are common and are associated with important occupational morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Gulf War Health Center, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Engel
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ursano
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Magruder
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tartaglione
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jing
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Labbate
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Debakey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003130:Combat Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D008877:Middle East; D018923:Persian Gulf Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D014728:Veterans / Q000523:psychology*; D014857:Warfare