title: The standard model of T-cell receptor function: a critical reassessment.
abstract: The Standard Model of T-cell receptor (TCR) function is the distillation of many views. Here we provide a summary that is intended to capture the flavour of the whole, without assigning particular blame, or credit, to any one part. The Standard Model is based on the notion of a single TCR-combining site that sums the binding contributions of MHC and peptide to produce a single signal to the T cell. How this signal is interpreted can vary with the state of the T cell. A growing number of creaks in the tweaks needed to maintain the Standard Model suggest that it may be timely to make a critical reassessment of the facts and their interpretation. The result of this effort has been to uncover a long-overlooked fact that T cells do not recognize hybrid class II major histocompatibility complex alleles; they recognize only those haplotypes directly associated with each alpha- or beta- subunit of class II. Our attempts to tweak the Standard Model to deal with lack of recognition of hybrid class II alleles led us, by surprise, to a quite different framework with which to view TCR function.
authors.affiliation: Conceptual Immunology Group, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Langman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cohn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017951:Antigen Presentation; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D018448:Models, Immunological; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell