title: Vascular endothelial cell growth factor-induced tissue factor expression in endothelial cells is mediated by EGR-1.
abstract: Vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) is a major regulator of angiogenesis. We report here that treatment of endothelial cells with VEGF leads to upregulation of tissue factor mRNA and protein expression on the cell surface. Reporter gene studies show that transcriptional activation of the tissue factor gene by VEGF is mediated by a GC-rich promoter element containing overlapping binding sites for Sp1 and EGR-1. As shown by immunofluorescence and electrophoretic mobility shift assays, upon VEGF treatment EGR-1 rapidly accumulates in the nucleus and binds to its respective recognition site in the tissue factor promoter. Sp1 occupies this element in unstimulated cells and seems to be partially displaced by increasing amounts of EGR-1. Transfection of endothelial cells with an EGR-1 expression plasmid mimics the upregulation of tissue factor transcription observed after VEGF treatment. In contrast, NFkappaB, the major transcription factor involved in tissue factor upregulation by inflammatory stimuli, is not activated by VEGF. These data show that VEGF induces a response in endothelial cells largely distinct from inflammatory stimuli, and suggest that EGR-1 is a major mediator of the activation of the tissue factor and possibly other VEGF-responsive genes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research at VIRCC, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mechtcheriakova
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wlachos
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Holzmüller
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Binder
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hofer
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013925:Thromboplastin / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C497325:EGR1 protein, human; D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D008222:Lymphokines; D014157:Transcription Factors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D013925:Thromboplastin