title: Access for low-income children: is health insurance enough?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Balanced Budget Act of 1997 authorizes $20 billion for states to expand health insurance coverage among uninsured low-income children. This study identifies lessons learned from the Medicaid Extension Demonstration, which was authorized by Congress to experiment with innovative approaches to providing health care coverage for low-income children. The three programs compare and contrast a variety of features that may enhance or detract from access, including a traditional Medicaid expansion, a private indemnity model, and a comprehensive managed care delivery system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two waves of telephone surveys were conducted with a sample of parents of children participating in the Medicaid Extension Demonstration, and a comparison group of parents of children who were eligible but not participating. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine the impact of the demonstration on access to care.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with those who were uninsured, children in the managed care program were more likely to have a medical home and a physician visit and were less likely to have an emergency room visit, and had lower levels of unmet need. Outcomes across the other two demonstration programs were less favorable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that simply providing a Medicaid card or private indemnity insurance card is not enough to ensure access to care. Future initiatives also need to consider the structure of the delivery system, especially the availability of a medical home (with adequate after-hours care), as well as the impact of discontinuous insurance coverage on access to and continuity of care.
authors.affiliation: Mathematica Policy Research, Inc., Abt Associates Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Rosenbach
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Irvin
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Coulam
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002017:Budgets / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D002648:Child; D002662:Child Health Services / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D005260:Female; D005431:Florida; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008281:Maine; D008297:Male; D008484:Medicaid / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000458:organization & administration*; D017057:Medically Uninsured; D009819:Office Visits; D009820:Ohio; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011203:Poverty; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States