title: Noninvasive estimation of the maximal lactate steady state in trained cyclists.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purposes of this study were to estimate noninvasively the maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) in trained cyclists on a windload simulator with a velocity based technique and to determine whether the HR at MLSS (HR(MLSS)) elicited a similar blood lactate concentration (BLC) during field testing.
  
  
  METHODS
  To determine and verify MLSS, 10 male cyclists performed five to seven laboratory trials on separate days, including a VO2max test; a 5-km time trial (TT); and two or more 30-min trials at specific percentages of each subject's average 5-km TT speed (AVS5km). Mean+/-SD for the following variables were obtained at MLSS: velocity was 90.3+/-2.7% of the AVS5km, BLC was 5.4+/-1.6 mM, RPE was 15+/-2.1, VO2 was 80+/-6.3% of VO2max, and HR was 167+/-9.5 beats x min(-1), which was 88+/-3.8% of the mean maximum HR. Field tests included three laps of an 8-km road circuit at HR(MLSS) +/-3 beats x min(-1) and one lap at maximum sustainable velocity (a road TT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in BLC, HR, and RPE between the three steady-state road laps and the lab MLSS trial. There was also good agreement between the road and lab MLSS velocity/TT velocity ratios.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that 5-km TT cycling velocity, as measured on a windload simulator, may be used to estimate MLSS and the HR at MLSS for training purposes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Ithaca College, NY 14850, USA. tswensen@ithaca.edu
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Swensen
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Harnish
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Beitman
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Keller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001642:Bicycling / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid