title: Characteristics of the protease activity in synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify which proteases are specifically activated in the lesions of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA).
  
  
  METHODS
  The activity levels of the serine proteases of the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems, and of elastase and collagenase as controls, in synovial fluid from 27 RA patients and 28 OA patients were measured using fluorogenic synthetic substrates which had methylcoumarylamide (MCA) at their COOH-termini. The thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT) content was also measured by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the proteases, thrombin-like activity was the highest in both RA and OA. The profiles of protease activity were similar in RA and OA, but their activities were in general significantly higher in RA than in OA (p < 0.01). The levels of both thrombin-like activity and TAT were about 7.5-fold higher in RA than in OA, while the levels of CRP and fibrinogen were only about 2-fold higher. Biochemical characterization of the thrombin-like activity in the synovial fluid of RA patients showed that this activity was due to thrombin. Thrombin-like activity positively correlated with the TAT concentration in RA (r = 0.750, p < 0.0001), but not in OA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Activation of the coagulation system was more marked in RA than in OA, strongly suggesting that in RA there is an imbalance between thrombin and its inhibitors, and that thrombin is more closely linked to the pathogenesis of RA than to that of OA. Our results also show that analysis of the synovial fluid may be useful to estimate the activation of the coagulation system in RA, but not that of the fibrinolytic system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikata
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kanematsu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yasuoka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D017364:Collagenases / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015951:Factor Xa / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005341:Fibrinolysin / Q000378:metabolism; D006629:Hirudins / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D013917:Thrombin / Q000378:metabolism; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D006629:Hirudins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase; D013917:Thrombin; D015951:Factor Xa; D005341:Fibrinolysin; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator; D017364:Collagenases