title: [Patient preference and stereotype about the gender of the family physician].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the preferences of patients on the gender of the physician when consulting for particular health problems; and to know the gender stereotypes that patients assign to physicians.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five teaching health centres in Granada (Spain).
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised sample of patients that consulted 10 female and 20 female physicians during three months (17 patients per physician), for alfa = 5%, beta = 80%, to detect a difference of 12% between male and female physicians.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We used a questionnaire adapted from Fennema (Family Medicine Dept., Wisconsin University, 1990) that was administered by interviewers after the consultancy, following a previous pilot study. Preference and stereotype scales comprised 10 items, with five reponses (neutral mid-point). Differences were analysed with chi 2 with correction for continuity. Non-reponders (33%) were replaced, and their age and sex did not bias the study results. Responders were 210 males (40.9%) and 304 women (59.1%). For "flux in penis/vagina" and "haemorrhoids" 50-60% of the patients preferred a physician of the same sex, with the remainder expressing no preference. The women preferred female physicians for family problems (23%) and depression (23%). The male physicians were more often perceived to be unorganised than were the females (24% vs. 5%, p < 0.0005), while the female physicians were more often described as humane (15% vs. 10%, p < 0.0005). Characteristics expressing technical competence were more often attributed to the male physicians than to the females, while those expressing empathy were more often attributed to the female physicians.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients prefer physicians of the same gender for some health problems and not for others. Patients assign gender stereotypes to physicians. These findings will permit a better interpretation of doctor-patient relationships.
authors.affiliation: Unidad Docente de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, Granada, Hospital Clínico Universitario. frpadill@goliat.ugr.es
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Delgado
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Martínez-Cañavate
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Frías
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rueda
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Morata
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D010821:Physicians, Family; D010822:Physicians, Women; D011287:Prejudice; D012737:Sex Factors; D013030:Spain; D013240:Stereotyping