title: [Pharmacological mechanisms of the treatment of dyskinesias in Parkinson disease].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The progression of Parkinson's disease (PD) and levodopa therapy leads to development of motor and psychic complications that cause serious limitations to the management of the advanced disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  This article reviews the current literature regarding epidemiological, clinical, pathophysiological and therapeutics of levodopa-induced dyskinesias (LID).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  1) The most important risk factors for LID are the cumulated doses of levodopa, young age at onset and severity of PD. 2) Pathophysiological data include the nigrostriatal system denervation, the prolonged exposure to levodopa and the integrity of striatal eferences; in addition there are some alterations of dopamine receptors and other neurotransmitter systems. 3) Some pharmacological measures, different for each type of LID, and surgery (pallidotomy, pallidal stimulation, subthalamic stimulation) can be useful for the therapy of LID.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España. fjimenezj@meditex.es
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Jiménez
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Molina
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ortí-Pareja
mesh_terms: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D005917:Globus Pallidus / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007980:Levodopa / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D011954:Receptors, Dopamine / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D011954:Receptors, Dopamine; D007980:Levodopa
vernacular_title: Mecanismos farmacológicos del tratamiento de las discinesias en la enfermedad de Parkinson.