title: Comparison of three doses of ursodeoxycholic acid in the treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis: a randomized trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ursodeoxycholic acid in doses of 13-15 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1), is a safe and cost-effective treatment for patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. However, very limited information exists regarding the most appropriate dose of ursodeoxycholic acid. The aim of the study was to compare three dosages of ursodeoxycholic acid with respect to changes in liver biochemistries, Mayo risk score, biliary enrichment with ursodeoxycholic acid and side effects over at least a 1-year period.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 155 patients were randomized to receive low- (5-7 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1)), standard-(13-15 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1)), and high- (23-25 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1)) doses of ursodeoxycholic acid.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The improvements in alkaline phosphatase (p = 0.0001), aspartate aminotransferase (p = 0.0001), Mayo risk score (p = 0.002), and ursodeoxycholic acid enrichment (p = 0.0001) were significantly greater in the standard- and high-dose groups compared to the low-dose group, but not between the standard- and high-dose groups. Changes in serum bilirubin were similar between the three groups (p = 0.07). No significant effects on symptoms were noted with any dose. No patients discontinued ursodeoxycholic acid because of side effects or toxicity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ursodeoxycholic acid in doses of 5-25 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1) is safe and well tolerated. The dose of 13-15 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1) appears to be the preferred dose for patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Angulo
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Dickson
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Therneau
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Jorgensen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: DeSotel
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Mahoney
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Lindor
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood; D002756:Cholagogues and Choleretics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008105:Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013997:Time Factors; D014580:Ursodeoxycholic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D002756:Cholagogues and Choleretics; D014580:Ursodeoxycholic Acid; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D001663:Bilirubin