title: Comparison of anthropometric and cephalometric measurements of the adult face.
abstract: To tabulate and assess quantitative differences between anthropometric and corresponding radiographic cephalometric measurements obtained from the same persons, 19 projective linear measurements were taken from the surface of the heads and faces of 41 patients with cleft lip, cleft palate, or both, all of whom were white North Americans aged 14 to 29 years. They underwent radiographic examination shortly afterward, and corresponding cephalometric measurements were obtained. Differences between the methods were assessed by the numeric differences between the mean values of concurrent measurements. Statistical difference was assessed by paired t test, Pearson product-moment correlations, and intraclass index for degree of agreement between findings. By numeric difference, 6 of 19 anthropometric measurements were similar to (within 2% of) those taken from radiographs. Paired t tests disclosed significant differences between 16 of 19 measurements. Half of the six surface measurements similar to their skeletal counterparts showed no statistical difference; the other half showed only moderately significant differences. Differences between the 13 "dissimilar" measurement pairs (differences > 2%) were highly significant. Good correlations were found in five of the six similar measurements, which may have an important prognostic value in understanding changes in the craniofacial measurements of the face. Knowledge of the correlations between all major measurements of the head and face on the surface and skeleton is essential for anticipating changes in the morphologic characteristics of the growing face.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Farkas
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tompson
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Katic
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Cornfoot
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D002508:Cephalometry; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005145:Face / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008445:Maxillofacial Development; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results