title: Antiinfectives update: focus on treatment and prevention of viral and associated infections.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the clinically significant antiinfectives approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) since 1996, with an emphasis on agents used for treatment, prevention, or suppression of infection in immunocompromised individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  A MEDLINE search covering November 1994 to March 1998 was conducted to identify all antiinfectives (new medications and old medications with new indications) and the pertinent literature for review. The search was updated in August 1998 and supplemented with an FDA listing of approved drugs to enhance completeness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinically relevant studies were selected to highlight specific points about each medication. Preclinical publications were used when sufficient information was not available from clinical trials and this information was needed for clinical practice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several new and promising antiretroviral agents (stavudine, lamivudine, saquinavir soft-gel capsules, nelfinavir, efavirenz) have been approved, which may allow more options to control HIV viremia. New options for treatment, prevention, and suppression of infections in immunocompromised individuals include azithromycin, cidofovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir, and itraconazole suspension. Liposomal-based amphotericin products may be associated with less toxicity than conventional amphotericin B; however, superior efficacy has not been proven.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacy Practice, St. Louis College of Pharmacy, MO, USA.
authors.forename: I R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: McNicholl
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Ziska
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Cleary
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D011247:Pregnancy; D014612:Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D014612:Vaccines