title: The 3'-untranslated region polymorphism of the gene for skeletal muscle-specific glycogen-targeting subunit of protein phosphatase 1 in the type 2 diabetic Japanese population.
abstract: A newly identified 3'-untranslated region (UTR) polymorphism of the gene for skeletal muscle-specific glycogen-targeting subunit of protein phosphatase 1 (PPP1R3) was associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in Pima Indians (Xia J, Scherers W, Cohen PTW, Majer M, Xi T, Norman RA, Knowler WC, Bogardus C, Prochazka M: A common variant in PP1R3 associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 47:1519-1524, 1998). Thus, we investigated the frequency of polymorphism of the adenine- and thymine-rich element (ARE-1 and its variant ARE-2) in 426 Japanese type 2 diabetic and 380 nondiabetic subjects using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction enzyme fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method. The allele frequency of the ARE-2 variant in diabetic subjects was higher than that in nondiabetic subjects (0.34 vs. 0.29; P < 0.05), even though its frequency in Japanese subjects was lower (P < 0.001) than the reported value in Pima Indians (0.56). An aspartate polymorphism at codon 905 was 100% coupled to the ARE-2 allele, and its allele frequency was higher also in diabetic subjects. Although a serine substitution at codon 883 was partially linked with the ARE-2 allele, there was no difference between diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. These results indicate that the frequency of polymorphism of the PPP1R3 gene (ARE-2 and Asp905) is different between two ethnic groups and is increased in Japanese people with type 2 diabetes, suggesting that these variants may be a possible marker for searching for diabetogenic genes.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maegawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hidaka
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Iwai
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishio
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Egawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haneda
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kikkawa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kashiwagi
mesh_terms: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D000483:Alleles; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D054645:Protein Phosphatase 1
chemical_list: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D001224:Aspartic Acid; C114205:PPP1R3A protein, human; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; D054645:Protein Phosphatase 1