title: Importance of the renal resistive index in children suffering from vesicoureteral reflux.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  in our study, we wanted to assess changes and values of the renal resistive index (RI) in children with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) using color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated 92 kidney units in 46 children (mean age 6 +/- 4 years) with VUR by means of CDUS. The RI was measured at the level of the interlobar and/or arcuate arteries using a color Doppler unit Acuson 128 XP/10. The CDUS findings were correlated with those obtained using standard renal scintigraphy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children with VUR grades I-III showed a RI of 0.6 +/- 0.07, whereas patients suffering from VUR grades IV and V demonstrated a significantly increased RI of 0.77 +/- 0.07 (p < 0.0001). The correlation of the CDUS measurements with the scintigraphic findings revealed a positive correlation coefficient of r2 = 0.61.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CDUS seems to be a helpful, radiation-free, noninvasive, and inexpensive tool in children with VUR, demonstrating a significant change in the RI especially in high-grade reflux. Moreover, the RI findings represent a good correlation with standard renal scintigraphy. Therefore, CDUS with assessment of the RI allows a perfect follow-up study of affected children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Innsbruck, Austria. christian-radmayr@uibk.ac.at
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Radmayr
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Klauser
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maneschg
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bartsch
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Frauscher
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D012016:Reference Values; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012079:Renal Circulation; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012737:Sex Factors; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; D014655:Vascular Resistance; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*