title: Development of a general method of limited sampling for the determination of AUC for a drug that displays two-compartment pharmacokinetics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a method of limited sampling that would enable accurate estimation of the area under the concentration time curve (AUC) when using the log trapezoidal method.
  
  
  METHODS
  A series of datasets were simulated. Each dataset comprised 1000 subjects. Each subject was "administered" an intravenous bolus dose of a drug that displays two compartment pharmacokinetics. In the first series of simulations, a variety of combinations of the number of sampling times (K) and number of replicate measurements (R) at each of these times were tested, where K x R = 12 (i.e. N = 12). The times that each of the K samples were taken were chosen to be those that divided the AUC into K - 1 trapezoids of equal area. The concentration-time curves were estimated based on a priori estimates of the population parameters. The best combination of K and R was tested under various conditions of parameter variability and assay variability. The combinations were compared with a conventional sampling strategy, where N = 12, K = 12 (R = 1).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The combination K = 4 and R = 3 proved to be the "best". It had similar accuracy to the conventional method. The best limited sampling combination was superior to the conventional method when assay variability was high (CV= 30%), was similar when assay variability was 15%, but the conventional method became statistically superior when assay variability was 7.5% or less. The accuracy of the best limited sampling combination was inversely related to the parameter variability. If K was set to 4 and R allowed to increase to 6 (i.e. N is not equal to 12), there was no further gain in accuracy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed method of limited sampling is at least as accurate as the conventional intensive sampling technique, but more efficient in terms of sampling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Christchurch Hospital, New Zealand. sduffull@fsl.pa.man.ac.uk
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Duffull
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Begg
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Deely
mesh_terms: D019540:Area Under Curve; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological