title: Considerations for free-flap reconstruction of the hard palate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the use of microvascular free-tissue transfers in the reconstruction of hard palate defects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of a case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two tertiary referral centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients had hard palatal defects that resulted from ablative oncologic surgery: 10 total or subtotal palatal defects, 14 hemipalatal defects, and 6 anterior arch defects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine fibular, 11 rectus abdominus, 3 scapular, 6 radial forearm, and 1 latissimus dorsi free flaps were used to reconstruct these defects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Separation of the oral cavity from the nasal and sinus cavities, complications, oral diet, speech intelligibility, and overall quality of life.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No flap failures occurred, and all palatal defects were ultimately sealed. Nineteen patients eat a regular diet, while the remainder maintain a soft diet. Twelve patients use a conventional dental prosthesis; 8 of the dental prostheses are supported by implants. Of 23 patients examined for speech, 18 have no disorders, 3 exhibit hyponasal speech, and 2 have hypernasal speech. Overall University of Washington, Seattle, quality of life scores were fair in 2 patients, good in 6, and excellent in 12.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Free-flap reconstruction of the palate provides reliable permanent separation of the oral and sinonasal cavities in one stage. In addition, the potential for dental rehabilitation with the restoration of masticatory function and normal phonation exists. Flap choice is tailored to specific palatal defects as well as patient needs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle 98195-6515, USA. futran@otomail.u.washington.edu
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Futran
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Haller
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; D003829:Denture, Partial; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008447:Maxillofacial Prosthesis; D008875:Middle Aged; D010159:Palate / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires