title: Fetal heart rate and umbilical artery velocity variability in pregnancies complicated by insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the variability in fetal heart rate and absolute flow velocity, which are possible hemodynamic markers of cardiovascular homeostasis in pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Doppler studies of umbilical artery velocity waveforms were performed at 12-21 weeks of gestation in 16 women with well-controlled type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. From umbilical artery velocity waveforms of at least 13 s in duration, we determined absolute values and beat-to-beat variability for fetal heart rate and umbilical artery flow velocities and compared these findings with normal controls matched for gestational age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fetuses of diabetic women displayed increased fetal heart rate variability and umbilical artery peak systolic velocity. Fetal heart rate, umbilical artery time-averaged velocity and variability in umbilical artery flow velocity were not essentially different between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fetal heart rate variability and umbilical artery peak systolic velocity may be markers for fetal cardiovascular homeostasis in pregnancies complicated by insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academic Hospital Rotterdam-Dijkzigt, Erasmus University, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: N T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Ursem
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Wladimiroff
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005323:Fetal Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D006340:Heart Rate, Fetal / Q000502:physiology*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011254:Pregnancy in Diabetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler / Q000379:methods; D014469:Umbilical Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*