title: Natural killer cell-mediated lysis of autologous cells modified by gene therapy.
abstract: This study investigated the role of natural killer (NK) cells as effectors of an immune response against autologous cells modified by gene therapy. T lymphocytes were transduced with LXSN, a retroviral vector adopted for human gene therapy that carries the selectable marker gene neo, and the autologous NK response was evaluated. We found that (i) infection with LXSN makes cells susceptible to autologous NK cell-mediated lysis; (ii) expression of the neo gene is responsible for conferring susceptibility to lysis; (iii) lysis of neo-expressing cells is clonally distributed and mediated only by NK clones that exhibit human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-Bw4 specificity and bear KIR3DL1, a Bw4-specific NK inhibitory receptor; and (iv) the targets are cells from HLA-Bw4(+) individuals. Finally, neo peptides anchoring to the Bw4 allele HLA-B27 interfered with KIR3DL1-mediated recognition of HLA-B27, i.e., they triggered NK lysis. Moreover, neo gene mutations preventing translation of two of the four potentially nonprotective peptides reduced KIR3DL1(+) NK clone-mediated autologous lysis. Thus, individuals expressing Bw4 alleles possess an NK repertoire with the potential to eliminate autologous cells modified by gene therapy. By demonstrating that NK cells can selectively detect the expression of heterologous genes, these observations provide a general model of the NK cell-mediated control of viral infections.
authors.affiliation: Division of Internal Medicine and Oncological Sciences, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liberatore
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Capanni
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Albi
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Volpi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Urbani
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ruggeri
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mencarelli
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grignani
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Velardi
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002999:Clone Cells; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D015235:HLA-B Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015796:HLA-B27 Antigen / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D019868:Kanamycin Kinase / Q000235:genetics; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000276:immunology; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D054340:Receptors, KIR; D054341:Receptors, KIR3DL1; D012190:Retroviridae / Q000235:genetics; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D015235:HLA-B Antigens; D015796:HLA-B27 Antigen; C042388:HLA-Bw4 antigen; C515083:KIR3DL1 protein, human; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D054340:Receptors, KIR; D054341:Receptors, KIR3DL1; D019868:Kanamycin Kinase