Breast-feeding, mastitis, and HIV transmission: nutritional implications.
In many developing countries, transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from mother to infant occurs through breast-feeding. Mastitis, an inflammatory process in the breast, may be common in lactating women in Africa and is associated with both higher HIV load in breast milk and mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Antioxidant micronutrient deficiencies may increase the risk of mastitis. Whether prevention, early diagnosis, and prompt treatment of mastitis will help reduce mother-to-child transmission of HIV in breast-feeding women needs further study.
Semba
R D
RD
Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Neville
M C
MC
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000635:transmission*; D006801:Humans; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D007774:Lactation; D008413:Mastitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D009752:Nutritional Status
D000975:Antioxidants