title: [Cancer of the urethra in women: experience of the National Institute of Cancer of Brazil: 1992-1997].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Describe the results of surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy for treatment of primary malignant neoplasms of female urethra.
  
  
  METHODS
  Since 1982, 31 patients with urethral cancer were evaluated at our institution (follow-up ranging from 0 to 127 months). Ten patients were treated with external beam irradiation and 1 patient received preoperative therapy after surgery. Two patients refused treatment and 1 received chemotherapy. Three patients presented with disseminated metastatic disease at the first examination received exclusively palliative treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five patients have survived from 3 to 10 years following treatment without recurrence. Of 31 patients 18 developed distant metastases during the first 24 months of follow-up irrespective of treatment employed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With exception of primary melanoma, prognosis was not related to histologic features. Patients who underwent surgery and radiotherapy had a better survival rate than did those who received radiotherapy alone. Total urethrectomy with appendico-vesicostomy can be an alternative surgical method for entire urethral ivnasive lesions without cystourethrectomy and preserving urinary continence.
authors.affiliation: Service d'Urologie, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brésil.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Ornellas
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Khouri
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Koifman
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Quirino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001938:Brazil; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010166:Palliative Care; D011859:Radiography; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014523:Urethral Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*
vernacular_title: Cancer de l'urètre chez la femme: expérience de l'Institut National du Cancer du Brésil: 1992-1997.