Cyclophosphamide, cytosine arabinoside and TBI as a conditioning regimen for allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in patients with leukemia.
This is a prospective study designed to determine the toxicity, efficacy and antileukemic effect of high-dose cytosine arabinoside (ara-C), cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation (TBI) as a myeloablative regimen prior to allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for patients with hematologic malignancies. Fifty-eight patients with hematologic malignancies were treated with cyclophosphamide, high-dose ara-C and total body irradiation (TBI) followed by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Fifty patients had good prognosis disease and eight had poor prognosis disease. Cyclosporine and short-course methotrexate were used for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis. The conditioning regimen consisted of ara-C 3000 mg/m2 twice a day x six doses on days -7, -6, and -5; cyclophosphamide 1800 mg/m2 on days -4 and -3; and TBI 1400 cGy midline dose at 5 cGy/min in eight total fractions administered twice a day on days -4, -3, -2, and -1. The bone marrow was infused on day 0 (zero). Toxicity related to the conditioning regimen was comparable to that reported with other conditioning regimens, except for diarrhea which appears to be more frequent. The actuarial survival at 1 year was 69% (58-82) and at 5 years was 54% (42-69) with the numbers in parentheses representing the 95% confidence interval of the Kaplan-Meier estimate. After a median follow-up of 28 months, 31 of 58 (53%) patients are alive without evidence of disease. Only four of the 58 patients (7%) have relapsed. Cyclophosphamide, ara-C and TBI is a safe and effective myeloablative regimen for patients with leukemia. The overall relapse rate in our study was 7% with a median follow-up of 28 months and appears to be lower than relapse rates reported in other series. This is probably due to the added antileukemic effect of ara-C. This regimen should be compared with other myeloablative regimens in a controlled study.
Jillella
A P
AP
Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine and Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA.
Doria
R
R
Khan
K
K
Zelterman
D
D
Ahmad
Y H
YH
Smith
B R
BR
Holmes
W
W
Becker
P
P
Roberts
K B
KB
Rappeport
J M
JM
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003561:Cytarabine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000209:etiology; D006504:Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007938:Leukemia / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D019172:Transplantation Conditioning; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D014916:Whole-Body Irradiation
D003561:Cytarabine; D003520:Cyclophosphamide