Estrogen receptor-beta: implications for the prostate gland.
Estrogens can have profound effects on prostate growth and differentiation. These effects were thought to be mediated by the classical estrogen receptor; however, the discovery of a second estrogen receptor has redefined the estrogen signaling pathway and may have broad implications on estrogen-responsive tissues, including the prostate. The new estrogen receptor, named estrogen receptor-beta (ERbeta), is preferentially expressed in the prostate and maintains some characteristics that are different from ERalpha. Establishing the distribution and function of ERbeta in the various estrogen-responsive tissues is critical to defining its pharmacological and physiological impact. Differential expression of ERbeta may facilitate development of tissue-specific estrogen agonists and antagonists, a goal in the treatment of diseases in estrogen-sensitive tissues such as breast cancer. This article reviews the current knowledge on ERbeta and its potential impact on the prostate.
Chang
W Y
WY
Department of Urology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago 60612, USA.
Prins
G S
GS
D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D019281:Dimerization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011467:Prostate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D004247:DNA