title: Functional electrical stimulation and arm supported sit-to-stand transfer after paraplegia: a study of kinetic parameters.
abstract: The sit-to-stand transfer of paraplegic patients using functional electrical stimulation (FES) of the knee extensors and arm support was analyzed in the study. In a group of 8 completely paralyzed subjects who were trained FES users, kinematic and dynamic parameters were recorded during standing up trials. A contactless optical system was used to assess the human body motion. The forces acting on the human body were measured by multi-axis force transducers. On the basis of recursive Newton-Euler inverse dynamic analysis, the forces and torques acting on the body joints were calculated. The joint moments in the lower and upper extremities during the sit-to stand task are presented in this paper. The influences of the patient's strength, FES training duration, and rising strategy on the joint loading are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia. kamnikr@robo.fe.uni-lj.si
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kamnik
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bajd
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kralj
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000502:physiology; D001132:Arm / Q000502:physiology*; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000502:physiology; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D010264:Paraplegia / Q000628:therapy*; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D012447:Sacrum / Q000502:physiology; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000502:physiology; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D019415:Torque; D014159:Transducers; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology