title: The effects of spinal or mesencephalic transections on sleep-related erections and ex-copula penile reflexes in the rat.
abstract: The neural mechanisms of penile erections during paradoxical sleep (PS) remain unknown since it has yet to be the subject of neurophysiological investigation. Using a new experimental model for sleep-related erection research in freely behaving rats, neural transections were undertaken to definitively elucidate the effects of paraplegia on PS-related erections and to determine at which brain level the mechanisms underlying PS erectile activity are generated. Continuous polygraphic recordings, as well as ex-copula penile reflexes, were performed in male Sprague Dawley rats before and after spinal (n = 4) or mesencephalic (n = 6) transections. Spinal transections virtually eliminated PS-related erections. Following mesencephalic transections, PS remained qualitatively intact in all rats. PS erectile activity, however, was severely disrupted, as shown by a significant decrease in the total number of erections, the number of erections per hour, and the percentage of PS phases exhibiting an erectile event. Finally, spinal and mesencephalic transections had contrasting effects on ex-copula penile reflexes. Spinal transections significantly shortened the latency to reflex induction and increased the percentage of tests eliciting an erectile event, whereas mesencephalic transections significantly increased the latency to reflex induction without affecting the percentage of tests eliciting an erectile event. These data suggest that the brainstem is not sufficient for the generation of PS erectile activity even though it is sufficient for the generation of other classic PS phenomena. We conclude that neural structures rostral to the mesencephalopn (i.e., the forebrain) are essential for the maintenance and integrity of PS related-erections. The reflex erection data suggest that spinal transection removes a tonic descending inhibition of erections, whereas such an inhibition not only remains intact, but appears enhanced following mesencephalic transection. We hypothesize that the forebrain plays a facilitatory role in erectile control, at least in part, through disinhibition of brainstem tonic anti-erectile mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Université Claude Bernard, Departement de Medécine Experimentale, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Valatx
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jouvet
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008636:Mesencephalon / Q000166:cytology / Q000601:surgery*; D010264:Paraplegia; D010410:Penile Erection / Q000502:physiology*; D010413:Penis / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley / Q000502:physiology; D012018:Reflex / Q000502:physiology*; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D012895:Sleep, REM / Q000502:physiology; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000166:cytology / Q000601:surgery*