title: ADP ribosylation factor 1 mutants identify a phospholipase D effector region and reveal that phospholipase D participates in lysosomal secretion but is not sufficient for recruitment of coatomer I.
abstract: The small GTP-binding protein, ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1) is essential for the formation of coatomer-coated vesicles from the Golgi and is also an activator of phospholipase D (PLD). Moreover, ARF1-regulated PLD is part of the signal-transduction pathway that can lead to secretion. In this study, substitution and deletion mutants of ARF1 were tested for their ability to activate PLD. These map the PLD effector region of ARF1 to the alpha2 helix, part of the beta2-strand and the N-terminal helix and its ensuing loop. ARF mutants with an increased or decreased ability to activate PLD showed similar characteristics when tested for their ability to stimulate secretion from HL60 cells. ARF1, deleted of the N-terminal 17 amino acid residues (Ndel17), did not support PLD activity or secretion, and neither did it inhibit the activity of wild-type myristoylated ARF1 (myrARF1). In contrast, Ndel17 effectively competed with wild-type myrARF1 to prevent coatomer binding to membranes. This appears to define a structural role for Ndel17, as it can bind a high-molecular mass complex in cytosol. In addition, ethanol has no effect on recruitment of coatomer to membrane. We conclude that the function of ARF-regulated PLD is in the signal-transduction pathway leading to secretion of lysosomal granules, and not as an essential component of ARF1-mediated coatomer binding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Rockefeller Building, University College London, University Street, London WC1E 6JJ, UK.
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bax
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fensome
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cockcroft
mesh_terms: D020823:ADP-Ribosylation Factor 1; D020727:ADP-Ribosylation Factors; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001692:Biological Transport; D002458:Cell Fractionation; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability; D018699:Coated Vesicles / Q000378:metabolism; D020756:Coatomer Protein; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism; D016244:Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate) / Q000378:metabolism; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D019814:Myristic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D010739:Phospholipase D / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D020756:Coatomer Protein; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D019814:Myristic Acid; D016244:Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate); D000431:Ethanol; D010739:Phospholipase D; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D020823:ADP-Ribosylation Factor 1; D020727:ADP-Ribosylation Factors