Developmental aspects of kin recognition.
The ability to recognise kin requires the individual to possess a variety of abilities. Individuals must produce a cue which indicates relatedness, they must process this cue to determine relatedness and then must act on this cue. Research has concentrated on the first and final stage of this process, i.e., the cues of kinship and kin correlated behaviour. Little attention has been paid to how individuals process cues to determine relatedness. This paper discusses how individuals 'recognise' kin, the exhibition of kin correlated behaviour and considers the role of the MHC in these processes. Two broad theories have emerged to explain how individuals recognise their kin: either a recognition gene(s) or some experiential mechanism. In mammals there is no evidence to suggest that recognition (the processing of the cue) is under genetic control but rather is the result of experience, learning about related individuals during development. Moreover studies on kin recognition in the domestic dog suggest that all kin are not recognised by the same process but different classes of kin, parents, siblings may well be recognised using different means. Studies of kin correlated behaviour suggest that the behaviour exhibited towards kin by Mongolian gerbils is mediated by the environment. Factors of environmental familiarity, sex and developmental age all affect the response of individuals to kin and non-kin. In these situations the ability to recognise kin does not change but the exhibition of kin correlated behaviour changes according to environmental conditions. These studies indicate that kin recognition may not be the 'unified' process previously thought and thus any explanations of the proximate and ultimate causation of kin recognition need to encompass this complexity. The question remains of whether the MHC is complex enough to do so.
Hepper
P G
PG
School of Psychology, Queen's University of Belfast, Ireland, UK.
Cleland
J
J
D000375:Aging / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000523:psychology*; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000276:immunology; D001245:Association Learning; D003463:Cues; D005195:Family Relations; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008285:Major Histocompatibility Complex / Q000502:physiology*; D010287:Parent-Child Relations