title: Male urethral carcinoma: analysis of treatment outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate our experience with primary carcinomas of the male urethra and to analyze the impact of tumor variables and treatment on overall, disease-specific, local recurrence-free, and metastasis-free survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1958 and 1996, we identified 46 men with primary carcinoma of the bulbar and anterior urethra. The median follow-up was 125 months (1 to 336). The patients were stratified by stage, nodal status, histologic type, treatment, type of surgery, site of disease, year at diagnosis, and smoking status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall survival and disease-specific survival rates at 5 years were 42% and 50%, respectively. The recurrence-free survival and metastasis-free survival rates at 5 years were 51% and 56%, respectively. The overall survival rate was 83% for superficial disease versus 36% for invasive tumors. The overall survival rate was 26% for tumors of the bulbar urethra versus 69% for tumors of the anterior urethra.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Current modalities of treatment are ineffective for local control and survival. New treatment strategies are needed for urethral cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dalbagni
authors.forename: Z F
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lacombe
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Herr
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014523:Urethral Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*