title: Improvement in neutrophil and monocyte function during highly active antiretroviral treatment of HIV-1-infected patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) on neutrophil and monocyte function in patients with moderately advanced HIV-1 infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen HIV-1-infected patients with CD4 T cell counts below 350/microl, no concomitant active infection, and no previous use of protease inhibitors were treated with indinavir or ritonavir and two reverse-transcriptase inhibitors and were followed up for 9 months. Ten age- and sex-matched healthy subjects were included as controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  The functional activity of neutrophils and monocytes was measured by assessing chemotaxis towards a bacterial peptide, killing activity against Candida albicans, and oxidative burst as measured by chemiluminescence production.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neutrophils and monocytes from the treatment group exhibited a significantly diminished baseline chemotactic and fungicidal activity compared with healthy controls (P < 0.001). After starting HAART, there was a significant improvement in chemotaxis and fungicidal activity of phagocytic cells (P < 0.001). Values of chemotaxis reached normal ranges in 13 out of 18 patients (72%) for neutrophils and eight out of 18 (44%) for monocytes, whereas phagocyte killing was rarely restored to normal values (3/18 cases for monocytes and 0/18 for neutrophils). The administration of HAART was also associated with significantly increased phagocyte chemiluminescence production in response to phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate or opsonized C. albicans (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The functional improvement of two critical components of innate antimicrobial immunity, such as neutrophils and monocytes, may contribute to the improved cell-mediated immune responses against opportunistic infections in HAART-treated patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, La Sapienza University of Rome, Italy. vullo@caspur.it
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Mastroianni
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lichtner
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mengoni
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: D'Agostino
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Forcina
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: d'Ettorre
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Santopadre
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vullo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000276:immunology; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology*; D010587:Phagocytosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016897:Respiratory Burst; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors