title: Heavy physical work during pregnancy--a risk factor for small-for-gestational-age babies in Poland.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Heavy physical work is still considered one of the most prevalent risk factors of negative pregnancy outcome. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of heavy physical work during pregnancy, based on subjective assessment of workload, on the risk of delivering a small-for-gestational-age (SGA) baby.
  
  
  METHODS
  Job characteristics were compiled for 1,064 working women from the Lódź region (8% population sample) based on questionnaire responses. Energy expenditure during daily work was estimated. SGA was diagnosed when the birth weight was below the 10th percentile of the standard curves for central Poland. The SGA group comprised 78 women who delivered SGA babies, while the non-SGA group consisted of 986 women with eutrophic newborns.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An excessive risk of SGA was found in the group reporting heavy physical effort at work. The physical effort perceived as heavy by pregnant women appeared to be a better predictor of SGA manifestation than the estimated energy expenditure at work.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The information obtained from a pregnant worker should constitute an essential decisive factor for determining the time of work cessation during pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lódź, Poland. wojt@porta.imp.lodz.pl
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hanke
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kalinka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Makowiec-Dabrowska
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sobala
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D005082:Physical Exertion; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012494:Sampling Studies; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013997:Time Factors; D014931:Women, Working / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014937:Work / Q000145:classification / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016526:Workload