title: Treatment results of advanced neuroblastoma with the first Japanese study group protocol. Study Group of Japan for Treatment of Advanced Neuroblastoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To elucidate the efficacy of intensive induction and consolidation chemotherapy regimens (Study Group of Japan for Advanced Neuroblastoma [JANB] 85) for patients with advanced neuroblastoma aged 1 year or older.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred fifty-seven patients with newly diagnosed advanced neuroblastoma were entered into this study between January 1985 and December 1990. Eligible patients were 12 months old or older with stage III or IV disease. The patients first received six cyclic courses of intensive induction chemotherapy (designated regimen A1) consisting of cyclophosphamide (1,200 mg/m2), vincristine (1.5 mg/m2), tetrahydro-pyranyl Adriamycin (pirarubicin; 40 mg/m2), and cisplatin (90 mg/m2). The patients were further treated with three different consolidation protocols: 3-[(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl]-1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosour ea, dacarbazine, and bone marrow transplantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall survival rates for patients with stage III disease without reference to the consolidation protocols were 80.8%, 76.9%, and 66.3% at 2, 5, and 10 years, respectively. The overall survival rates for patients with stage IV disease were 58.8%, 34.4%, and 28.9% at 2, 5, and 10 years, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the three consolidation treatment groups. Patients who did not achieve complete remission (CR) with induction chemotherapy and surgery all died, suggesting that CR is essential for the cure of advanced neuroblastoma. The overall 5-year survival rate of the 24 patients with N-myc amplified stage III and IV disease was 33.3%, and the longest survival time of a relapse-free patient was 103 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The intensive induction chemotherapy regimen used in this study may be of significant value in increasing the CR rate and survival for patients with N-myc amplified and nonamplified advanced neuroblastoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsuchida
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Uchino
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwafuchi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohnuma
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mugishima
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishihira
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakada
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sawada
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawa
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nagahara
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suita
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sawaguchi
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003606:Dacarbazine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D016259:Genes, myc; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D015376:Nimustine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012074:Remission Induction; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D015376:Nimustine; D014750:Vincristine; D003606:Dacarbazine; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; C027260:pirarubicin; D002945:Cisplatin