title: Incorporation of esterified soybean isoflavones with antioxidant activity into low density lipoprotein.
abstract: We have recently reported that dietary intake of soybean isoflavone phytoestrogens resulted in increased oxidation resistance of isolated low density lipoprotein (LDL). In order to explore the underlying mechanisms we designed two types of in vitro experiments. First, we prepared several different isoflavone fatty acid esters to increase their lipid solubility and studied their incorporation into LDL. Second, the oxidation resistance of the isoflavone-containing LDLs was investigated with Esterbauer's 'conjugated diene' method using Cu2+ as prooxidant. Unesterified daidzein and genistein as well as genistein stearic acid esters were incorporated into LDL to a relatively small extent (0.33 molecules per LDL particle, or less) and they did not significantly influence oxidation resistance. The oleic acid esters of isoflavones were incorporated more effectively, reaching a level of 2.19 molecules per LDL particle or more, and the 4',7-O-dioleates of daidzein and genistein exhibited prolongations of lag times by 46% (P<0.05) and 202% (P<0.01), respectively. A smaller but significant increase in lag time (20.5%, P<0.01) was caused by daidzein 7-mono-oleate. In summary, esterification of soybean isoflavones daidzein and genistein with fatty acids at different hydroxyl groups provided lipophilicity needed for incorporation into LDL. Some isoflavone oleic acid esters increased oxidation resistance of LDL following their incorporation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Q H
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wähälä
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Adlercreutz
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Tikkanen
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D004952:Esters / Q000737:chemistry*; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal / Q000737:chemistry; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D019833:Genistein / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000737:chemistry*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D048789:Phytoestrogens; D028321:Plant Preparations; D013025:Glycine max / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004952:Esters; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal; D005227:Fatty Acids; D007529:Isoflavones; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D048789:Phytoestrogens; D028321:Plant Preparations; C004742:daidzein; D019833:Genistein