title: Ethnic differences in thermal pain responses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although numerous studies have reported ethnic differences in the prevalence and severity of clinical pain, little is known about how these differences affect the perception of experimental pain. The present experiment examined the effects of ethnicity (African American vs. white) on thermal pain responses in a healthy undergraduate population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty white subjects (16 women and 14 men) and 18 African Americans (10 women and 8 men) participated in the study. Thermal testing included evaluation of the following: warmth thresholds, thermal pain thresholds, thermal pain tolerances, and magnitude estimates of both the intensity and unpleasantness of thermal pain (at 46 degrees, 47 degrees, 48 degrees, and 49 degrees C).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although no group differences emerged for warmth thresholds, thermal pain thresholds, or pain intensity ratings, African Americans demonstrated lower thermal pain tolerances than whites. In addition, African Americans had smaller slopes and larger intercepts than whites for ratings of pain unpleasantness. Additional analyses suggested that these findings were a consequence of group differences in thermal pain unpleasantness ratings at the lowest temperatures assessed (46 degrees and 47 degrees C); at these temperatures, African Americans rated the stimuli as more unpleasant than whites. Finally, group differences in thermal pain tolerance and thermal pain unpleasantness ratings seemed to partially account for greater self-reported daily pain symptoms among African Americans.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Collectively, these findings seem to suggest ethnic differences in the perception of the affective-motivational dimension of thermal pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294-1170, USA.
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Fillingim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000407:Alabama; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005260:Female; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D014481:United States; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*