title: Distribution of endotoxins in tissues and circulation and its effects following hemorrhagic shock.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To systemically investigate 1) distribution of endogenous endotoxin (ET) in tissues and circulation; 2) its relationship with shock duration and organ damage; and 3) its possible mechanism after hemorrhagic shock.
  
  
  METHODS
  To further elucidate the intrinsic relationship between endogenous endotoxin translocation and hemorrhagic shock, the present study systematically investigated the distribution of endogenous ET into the liver, lungs, kidneys and circulation, and the relationship between ET levels and the corresponding organ dysfunction with limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) chromogenic assay following hemorrhagic shock in rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was found that ET levels in hepatic homogenate markedly increased (P = 0.09) 1.5 hours following shock compared with that in the sham group. After resuscitation, ET levels in hepatic, pulmonary and renal tissues were all significantly elevated. The levels kept increasing with the prolonged experimental time, and reached as high as 3.88 +/- 0.95 EU (endotoxin unit)/g in the livers, 2.53 +/- 1.46 EU/g in the lungs and 2.51 +/- 0.89 EU/g in the kidneys 12 hours after shock. ET levels in plasma reached a peak of 1.13 +/- 0.42 EU/ml at 1 hour following resuscitation, then rapidly decreased to the sham levels 3 hours following resuscitation. There was a close relationship between endotoxin translocation and shock duration. Correlation analysis further indicated that the changes in glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in plasma and angiotensin I-converting exzyme (ACE) in pulmonary homogenate were significantly and positively correlated with the ET levels in the liver, kidneys and lungs after hemorrhagic shock.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hemorrhagic shock can induce obvious endogenous ET translocation, which is closely related to the shock duration. Although only transient endotoxemia occurs after hemorrhagic shock, ET can massively accumulate in tissues (liver, lungs and kidneys), and may play an important role in the development of shock.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical College, China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Diao
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D008033:Limulus Test / Q000379:methods; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004731:Endotoxins