title: Aetiological factors and development in subjects with obstructive sleep apnoea.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether maternal pregnancy complications, adverse birth events, respiratory illnesses, or developmental difficulty were increased in neurologically normal children with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and whether severity of OSA adversely affects the child's development and temperament.
  
  
  METHODS
  Maternal report of perinatal events, respiratory illness and developmental difficulty in 37 children with OSA was contrasted with a comparison group (n = 67). Children with OSA were assessed developmentally (Griffiths Scales), had a parental rating of temperament (Australian Temperament Scale) and attended an overnight polysomnographic sleep study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children with OSA had an increased prevalence of adverse maternal pregnancy and perinatal events, respiratory disease and developmental concerns. Limited associations were found between the severity of OSA and development or temperament difficulty.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests a relationship between OSA, though not its severity, and pre/perinatal adversity and child development. Polysomnographic and detailed developmental assessment of community-based samples of children with OSA and control children are necessary to confirm these findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental and Rehabilitation Services, Mater Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Qld., Australia. jharvey@mater.org.au
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: O'Callaghan
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Wales
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: I B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Masters
mesh_terms: D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D017286:Polysomnography; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires