title: Activity of SCH 66336, a tricyclic farnesyltransferase inhibitor, against human tumor colony-forming units.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The ras gene product regulates transduction of growth-proliferative signals from the membrane to the nucleus. Mutationally-activated Ras is the oncogene most frequently found in human tumors. In order to perform its function in cell signaling, Ras must be farnesylated on the CAAX motif present on the carboxyl terminus of the ras protein. This reaction is catalysed by farnesyl protein transferase. In the present study, SCH 66336, an orally bioavailable nonpeptide tricyclic farnesyltransferase inhibitor, was tested against a large variety of human tumors to define its preclinical activity profile, utilizing the human tumor cloning assay.
  
  
  METHODS
  A soft agar cloning assay was used to determine the in vitro effects of SCH 66336 against primary human tumor specimens taken directly from patients. A total of 70 evaluable specimens were exposed to SCH 66336 for 14-day continuous exposure at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 2.5 microM. In vitro responses were defined as an inhibition > or = 50% of human tumor colony forming units at a given concentration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a positive relationship between concentration and response to SCH 66336. With the highest concentration (2.5 microM), response was demonstrated in 50% (three of six) of breast tumors, 40% (6 of 15) of ovarian tumors, and 38% (5 of 13) of non-small-cell lung tumor colony forming units. Among the 69 specimens tested at the concentration of 2.5 microM, SCH 66336 had activity in 27% of tumor specimens that were resistant to doxorubicin, 38% of tumor specimens resistant to cisplatin, 33% of tumor specimens resistant to paclitaxel, and 27% of tumor specimens resistant to etoposide.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The broad spectrum of soft agar growth inhibition by SCH 66336 in the human tumor cloning assay, and its efficacy at physiologically relevant concentrations in animal models, suggest that SCH 66336 may deserve future clinical trials in patients with ovarian, breast and non-small-cell lung cancer.
authors.affiliation: Translational Research Laboratory, Institute for Drug Development, San Antonio, TX, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Petit
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Izbicka
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Bishop
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Weitman
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Von Hoff
mesh_terms: D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002999:Clone Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000494:pharmacology; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005047:Etoposide / Q000494:pharmacology; D051231:Farnesyltranstransferase; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000494:pharmacology; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects; D014410:Tumor Stem Cell Assay; D003986:Dibenzocycloheptenes
chemical_list: D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases; D002945:Cisplatin; D004317:Doxorubicin; D005047:Etoposide; D051231:Farnesyltranstransferase; D017239:Paclitaxel; D010880:Piperidines; D011725:Pyridines; C115354:lonafarnib; D003986:Dibenzocycloheptenes