title: Effects of shoe collar height and sole hardness on balance in older women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether shoe collar height and sole hardness affect balance in older women.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized order, cross-over, controlled comparison.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intermediate care institution and regional hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two women aged 60 to 92 years (mean 76, SD = 9.03). The sample comprised 15 hostel (intermediate care) residents, 11 women who lived in a retirement village, and 16 women who lived independently in the community.
  
  
  METHODS
  Postural sway, maximal balance range and coordinated stability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The subjects underwent assessments of static balance (body sway) and dynamic balance (maximal balance range and coordinated stability) under five conditions: (1) in soft-soled bowls shoes, (2) in hard-soled bowls shoes, (3) in college-style shoes, (4) in college-style shoes with a high (boot) collar, and (5) barefoot. MANOVA analysis indicated that subjects were more stable when wearing the high collar shoes than when wearing the college shoes (P < .001) or when barefoot (P < .05). In contrast, subjects performed similarly in the balance tests in the soft and hard-soled shoes (P = .30) and no better than when barefoot (P = .12 and P = .93, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings indicate that subjects had better balance when wearing shoes with high collars than when wearing shoes with low collars and that sole hardness was not related to balance.
authors.affiliation: Prince of Wales Medical Research Institute, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Lord
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Bashford
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Howland
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Munroe
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D012775:Shoes / Q000706:statistics & numerical data