title: The lipoprotein lipase HindIII polymorphism: association with total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, but not with HDL and triglycerides in 342 females.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the hydrolysis of core triglycerides in chylomicrons and VLDL.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the association between the HindIII polymorphism of the LPL gene and fasting glucose, lipid, and lipoprotein concentrations in 683 Caucasians. We first stabilized the study subjects, using an 8-day diet and exercise intervention program before obtaining blood samples. The use of this standardization period reduced the variance of all glucose and lipid concentrations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In our study, the HindIII allele frequencies for females and males were 0.29 and 0.34 for H- and 0.71 and 0.66 for H+, respectively. We found in females, but not in males, a significant association between the HindIII genotype and total cholesterol (P = 0.007) and LDL-cholesterol (P = 0.018), with females homozygous for the rare H- allele having the lowest, heterozygotes (H-/+) having intermediate, and women homozygous for the common H+ allele having the highest of each of these lipid traits. With regard to triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, and glucose, no significant effect of the HindIII genotype was noted in either gender.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that in a gender-specific manner, the rare LPL HindIII H- allele has a cholesterol-lowering and, therefore, potentially cardioprotective effect compared with the common H+ allele.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik III, Universität Heidelberg, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ordovas
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Schaefer
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: März
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kreuzer
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D015247:Deoxyribonuclease HindIII; D004032:Diet; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012737:Sex Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase; D015247:Deoxyribonuclease HindIII