title: Significance of the atherosclerogenic index and body fat in children as markers for future, potential coronary heart disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study is to establish a simple marker in children for future, potential risks of coronary heart disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured serum total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) by enzymatic methods, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) by the dextran sulfate-magnesium method and estimated body fat by the new impedance method in 1289 children (651 boys and 638 girls) in the fourth grade (9 or 10 years old) to obtain the atherosclerogenic index (AI). We also investigated the children's lifestyle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The probability of an AI score of 3 or more was significantly higher in children with an estimated 23-25% body fat than in those with body fat less than 17%. Moreover, the odds ratio increased along with an increase in the percentage of body fat. When body fat was estimated as being greater than 29%, the odds ratio was 11-fold higher than those with body fat less than 17%. When body fat was greater than 23%, the children's physical activity, as assessed by the questionnaire, was found to be poorer than those with lower body fat. Levels of TC and TG were significantly higher and that of HDLC was lower in those with less body fat.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The AI is a useful indicator of obesity in children. The combination of AI and percentage body fat is a good indicator for evaluating children who would be at a greater risk of obesity, hyperlipidemia, unhealthy eating habits and inadequate physical activity. The hypothetical risk levels for future coronary heart disease are an AI score of > or = 3 and percentage body fat > or = 23% in Japanese children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene, Gifu University School of Medicine, Japan. washino@cc.gifu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Washino
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takada
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagashima
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwata
mesh_terms: D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000209:etiology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001823:Body Composition; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010992:Plethysmography, Impedance; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol