title: Induction of mucosal immune responses by administration of liposome-antigen formulations and interleukin-12.
abstract: We examined the effect of interleukin-12 (IL-12) on the induction of mucosal immune responses following intranasal immunization with liposome-antigen formulations. We assessed the immune response to two recombinant glycoproteins (gD and gB) from bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1). Positively charged liposomes induced significantly higher gD-specific IgA titers than did immunization with antigen alone. This liposome formulation was selected to further assess the ability of IL-12 to influence mucosal immune responses. Intranasal immunization with IL-12 gD-liposome formulations did not alter the induction of mucosal immune responses. However, a significant increase in anti-gD antibody responses was induced in serum after intranasal immunization with IL-12 gD-liposome when compared with animals immunized with gD-liposomes. Mucosal antibody responses induced by a subcutaneous priming followed by an intranasal boost were significantly higher than those induced by two intranasal immunizations with the same IL-12 liposome-gD formulations. Furthermore, this immunization protocol resulted in the induction of high levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in the lungs of subcutaneously primed mice. These findings indicate that the immunomodulatory effects of IL-12 influenced immune responses to a vaccine antigen when delivered intranasally and that these responses can be further enhanced by subcutaneous priming.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada. baca@sask.usask.ca
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Baca-Estrada
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Foldvari
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Snider
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation; D000941:Antigens / Q000276:immunology*; D002417:Cattle; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D000939:Epitopes; D005260:Female; D007114:Immunization; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism; D008081:Liposomes; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology*; D011995:Recombination, Genetic
chemical_list: D000941:Antigens; D000939:Epitopes; D008081:Liposomes; D018664:Interleukin-12; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma