title: Is hepatic resection absolutely contraindicated for hepatocellular carcinoma in Child-Pugh class C cirrhotic patients?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Child-Pugh class C cirrhotic patients is considered to be high risk and even contraindicated. This study examined our results of hepatectomy for HCC in such cirrhotic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of the clinicopathological features, as well as early and late resection results of Child-Pugh class A (n = 181) and class C patients (n = 13) were compared. The extent of hepatectomy was based on the pre-operative liver function test and indocyanine-green (ICG) clearance rate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The tumor size in class C patients was smaller than that in class A patients. There were no significant differences with regard to operative blood loss, amount of blood transfusion, operative morbidity or mortality. The surgical margins of class C patients were narrower (p = 0.003). The tumors of class C patients had higher incidences of well-formed capsules and absence of satellite nodules. The 5-year disease-free and actuarial survival rates of class A and C patients were 35.4% and 40.7% (p = 0.28), and 48% and 50% (p = 0.13), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Not all HCCs in Child-Pugh class C cirrhotic patients are contraindicated for liver resection. In the absence of uncontrollable ascites, marked jaundice and encephalopathy, surgical resection is still justified in some selected cases, in spite of a narrow surgical margin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan.
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: F K
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: P'eng
mesh_terms: D000206:Actuarial Analysis; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002423:Cause of Death; D000075202:Contraindications; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006498:Hepatectomy; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality; D012306:Risk; D015996:Survival Rate