title: Amniotic fluid matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels in women with preterm labor and suspected intra-amniotic infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the accuracy of amniotic fluid (AF) matrix metalloproteinase-9 measurements for diagnosing intra-amniotic infection in women with preterm labor.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed amniocenteses in 44 women between 22 and 35 weeks' gestation who presented to our center with preterm labor and clinical suspicion of intra-amniotic infection. Each sample was analyzed by glucose measurement, Gram stain, and culture for aerobes, anaerobes, and mycoplasmas. We tested the AF for matrix metalloproteinase-9 using gelatin zymography and a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system. We calculated accuracy and confidence intervals (CIs) for AF matrix metalloproteinase-9, glucose, and Gram stain for diagnosing intra-amniotic infection, using culture as the criterion standard.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients who had matrix metalloproteinase-9 detectable by ELISA also demonstrated matrix metalloproteinase-9 by zymography. Six cases of intra-amniotic infection were confirmed by culture (prevalence 14%). The performance statistics of AF matrix metalloproteinase-9 for diagnosing intra-amniotic infection were: sensitivity 83% (95% CI 53, 99), specificity 95% (95% CI 88, 99), positive predictive value 71% (95% CI 37, 99), and negative predictive value 97% (95% CI 92, 99). Two women had false-positive results; one had gram-negative rods on the AF Gram stain and developed clinical signs and symptoms of chorioamnionitis several hours after amniocentesis and the other had a purulent vaginal discharge and an AF glucose level less than 15 mg/dL. Both delivered within 24 hours of amniocentesis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Measuring matrix metalloproteinase-9 in the AF appeared to be reliable for diagnosing intra-amniotic infection. An elevated matrix metalloproteinase-9 concentration in the AF at a preterm gestational age may portend imminent delivery regardless of microbiologic confirmation of intra-amniotic infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, USA. gjlocksm@utmb.edu
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Locksmith
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Duff
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Schultz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D002821:Chorioamnionitis / Q000150:complications / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000382:microbiology; D017364:Collagenases / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D007752:Obstetric Labor, Premature / Q000150:complications / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000382:microbiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D017364:Collagenases; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9