The biochemistry of Alzheimer disease.
Biochemical and genetic investigations have identified four key proteins, mutations in which either cause Alzheimer disease (AD) (beta-amyloid precursor protein, presenilin 1 and 2) or confer a higher risk of developing AD (apolipoprotein E). This paper discusses the biochemical evidence that links each protein to AD, various animal and cell models that have been used in these investigations, and the putative interactions between these proteins that lead to AD. Areas that are especially fertile for novel research are noted as are gaps in our present understanding of the etiology of AD.
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Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, Bedford, Massachusetts, USA.
D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001671:Biochemistry / Q000639:trends*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008967:Molecular Biology / Q000639:trends*; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012106:Research / Q000639:trends
D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D008565:Membrane Proteins