title: [Peribulbar anesthesia for peroperative and postoperative pain control in eye enucleation or evisceration: 31 cases].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this prospective study was to assess peroperative and postoperative analgesia in eye enucleation or evisceration performed under peribulbar anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report 31 patients undergoing an eye enucleation (17 cases) or evisceration (14 cases). The surgical procedure was performed under local anesthesia alone in 22 patients. General anesthesia was associated with local anesthesia in 9 patients. Peribulbar block was achieved with the first insertion of the needle parallel to the inferior orbital floor and the second at level of supraorbital notch. A mixed anesthetic solution of equal quantity of lidocaine 2% with epinephrine (0.25 mg/20 ml) and bupivacaine 0.50% with epinephrine (0.10 mg/20 ml) was injected (total quantity 16.8 +/- 4.3 ml).
  
  
  RESULTS
  To assess the peroperative pain we considered the patients with local anesthesia only (22 patients). One of these 22 patients needed one injection (0.50 mg/kg) of propofol for cutting the optic nerve. Surgery was ended without any other drug but that case was considered as a failure. Peroperative analgesia was obtained in 21 of 22 patients (95.4%). To assess analgesia in the postoperative period we included 31 patients. Analgesia was complete from the accomplishment of the peribulbar block to the 4th hour in all patients (efficacy 100%). From the 4th to the 24th hour, pain remained absent in 11 (enucleation 10 cases and evisceration 1 case) of the 31 patients and no drug was used. In 20 patients (enucleation 7 cases and evisceration 13 cases), pain appeared between the 4th and the 10th hour and patients were relieved by paracetamol alone in 14 cases (enucleation 6 cases and evisceration 8 cases) or by its association with nalbuphine in 5 cases (enucleation 1 case and evisceration 4 cases). In one patient (evisceration) the association of the drugs was uneffective.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Peribulbar anesthesia is safe and generates major postoperative analgesia so we suggest to offer that technique to patients undergoing evisceration or enucleation.
authors.affiliation: Département d'Anesthésie Réanimation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rouen.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Calenda
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Retout
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muraine
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000698:Analgesia; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015353:Eye Enucleation; D017234:Eye Evisceration; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009266:Nalbuphine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013566:Sympathomimetics / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D004338:Drug Combinations; D013566:Sympathomimetics; D000082:Acetaminophen; D008012:Lidocaine; D009266:Nalbuphine; D002045:Bupivacaine; D004837:Epinephrine
vernacular_title: L'anesthésie péribulbaire pour le contrôle de la douleur per et postopératoire au cours des énucléations ou éviscérations. Trente et un cas.