title: Immune dysfunction during alcohol consumption and murine AIDS: the protective role of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate.
abstract: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a clinical disorder caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) after development of severe immunosuppressive changes. Chronic ethanol (EtOH) consumption accentuates the severity of murine AIDS (MAIDS). Because hormone production is often suppressed by chronic EtOH intake, as well as retrovirus infection, we investigated whether hormone supplementation during chronic EtOH consumption contributes to slowing immune dysfunction caused by LP-BM5 infection and/or EtOH use. Because dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) was previously shown to have immune-enhancing properties during MAIDS, we determined whether DHEAS reduced cytokine dysregulation otherwise exacerbated by chronic EtOH intake during MAIDS. Adult female C57BL/6 mice were infected with LP-BM5 murine retrovirus. Some were fed 40% EtOH in drinking water and agar gel for 16 weeks postinfection. EtOH consumption further inhibited T- and B-cell proliferation beyond suppression due to retrovirus infection. Interleukin (IL)-2 release produced by concanavalin A-stimulated splenocytes was reduced by EtOH use by infected and uninfected mice. DHEAS overcame much of the effects induced by retrovirus infection and/or EtOH use. IL-4 secretion and IL-6 secretion were enhanced. Hepatic vitamin E levels were decreased by murine retrovirus infection, as well as by EtOH use in both uninfected and infected mice. In addition, DHEAS (0.01%) supplementation during MAIDS prevented the further dysregulation of cytokines and hepatic lipid peroxidation due to EtOH intake, partially restored T- and B-cell proliferation, and maintained hepatic vitamin E levels to near normal levels.
authors.affiliation: Arizona Prevention Center, University of Arizona, Tucson 85724, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Sepúlveda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Inserra
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hosseini
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Watson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D001835:Body Weight; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D019314:Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009052:Leukemia Virus, Murine / Q000276:immunology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016183:Murine Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D014810:Vitamin E; D019314:Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate