title: Tetanus toxoid and congenital abnormalities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the human teratogenic potential of tetanus vaccination during pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pair analysis of cases with congenital abnormalities and matched healthy controls was performed in the large population-based dataset of the Hungarian Case-Control Surveillance of Congenital Abnormalities, 1980-1994.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 35 727 pregnant women who had babies without any defects in the study period (control group), 33 (0.09%) were vaccinated with tetanus. Of 21563 pregnant women who had offspring with congenital abnormalities, 25 (0.12%) had tetanus vaccination. This difference was not significant (P = 0.39). The case-control pair analysis confirmed the safety of tetanus vaccination during pregnancy, particularly in the second and third months of gestation, i.e. during the critical period for congenital abnormalities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tetanus vaccination during pregnancy appears not be teratogenic to the fetus. Thus, there is no contraindication, if the use of tetanus toxoid is necessary during pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Genetics and Teratology, National Institute of Public Health-WHO Collaborating Centre for the Community Control of Hereditary Diseases, Budapest, Hungary. czeizel@oki.jaboki.hu
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Czeizel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rockenbauer
mesh_terms: D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006814:Hungary / Q000453:epidemiology; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011247:Pregnancy; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014611:Vaccination / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D013745:Tetanus Toxoid