title: A predictive model for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, liver failure, or liver transplantation for patients presenting to clinic with chronic hepatitis C.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic infection with hepatitis C may lead to the development of cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, not all patients progress to these endpoints. Ideally, clinicians could improve their capability of stratifying the risk and the time frame within which their patients will progress to these endpoints. The purpose of the present study was to construct statistical models predicting disease progression for individual patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study endpoints were the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, liver transplantation, or death due to liver disease. The study cohort was 256 patients with hepatitis C acquired from either blood transfusion or use of intravenous drugs. During follow-up, 17 patients developed hepatocellular carcinoma, seven received liver transplantation, and 12 died from liver disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On multivariate analysis a history of decompensation (relative risk [RR] 4.321, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.777-10.511) and the serum albumin (RR 0.253, 95% CI 0.136-0.474) were independently associated with the study endpoints. Patients without a history of decompensation and with a serum albumin > or = 4.1 mg/dl had a 3.2% chance of developing the study endpoints within 5 yr. Patients with a history of decompensation and a serum albumin < 4.1 mg/dl had a 40% chance of developing a study endpoint within 5 yr. Baseline genotype and quantitative RNA were not associated with development of the clinical endpoints, with the exception of patients coinfected with two or more genotypes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thus, the serum albumin and a history of decompensation are useful for predicting the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, liver transplantation, and death due to liver disease among patients with hepatitis C.
authors.affiliation: Section of Digestive Disease, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Bonis
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Blatt
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Conrad
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Griffith
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000209:etiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005544:Forecasting; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D017093:Liver Failure / Q000209:etiology*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications; D065227:Transfusion Reaction
chemical_list: D012709:Serum Albumin