title: Down-regulation of TGF-beta receptors in human colorectal cancer: implications for cancer development.
abstract: Many colorectal cancer cells are resistant to the anti-proliferative effects of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). TGF-beta also acts as paracrine factor from cancer cells on their mesenchymal cells. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of TGF-beta and its receptors in human colorectal cancer tissue and determine any relationship with cancer growth. In situ hybridization and Northern blot hybridization detection of TGF-beta1, type I and type II receptor mRNA and immunohistochemical staining of TGF-beta1 were performed using 11 human colorectal adenomas, 22 colorectal cancers and ten normal colorectal mucosas as control. TGF-beta receptor mRNAs were expressed mainly by normal colorectal epithelial cells and adenoma. However, mRNAs for TGF-beta receptors were only faintly, if at all, expressed in eight of 22 human colorectal cancers. In addition, intense signals of TGF-beta1 mRNA and the protein were detected in all colorectal cancers. TGF-beta receptor mRNAs and TGF-beta1 protein were also distributed in fibroblasts and endothelial cells in the interstitium. Moreover, Smad 4 protein was translocated to nucleus in primarily cultured adenoma cells, but not in cancer cells after TGF-beta stimulation. The escape of human colon cancer from TGF-beta-mediated growth inhibition by down-regulation of TGF-beta receptors as well as the effects of TGF-beta on stroma formation and angiogenesis indicate a possible role for TGF-beta in the progression of colon cancer in an intact host.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Moriguchi, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsushita
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuzaki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Date
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shibano
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yanagitani
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Amoh
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takemoto
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ogata
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Seki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inokuchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishizawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sawamura
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Okamura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta