title: Expression of glutamate transporters in rat optic nerve oligodendrocytes.
abstract: To investigate the role of glutamate transport in non-synaptic glia, we characterized the expression of three major glutamate transporters (EAAC1, GLAST and GLT-1) in rat optic nerve in situ using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in combination with Western blot and immunochemistry with specific antibodies. GLAST was localized to interfascicular oligodendrocytes, whereas a subpopulation of cells, probably immature oligodendrocyte cells, expressed EAAC1. In contrast, astrocytes, expressed only GLT-1, consistent with the idea that this is the major glutamate transporter in this cell type. In addition, we observed that glutamine synthetase, a key enzyme in glutamate metabolism, was localized in oligodendrocytes in situ. To examine the properties of these glutamate transporters, we conducted uptake experiments in glial cultures. The kinetics of sodium-dependent glutamate uptake in cultured oligodendrocytes from the perinatal rat optic nerve were markedly different from those observed in type-1 astrocytes from the newborn rat cerebral cortex, with higher affinity and lower Vmax. In both cell types, glutamate transport was inhibited by L-trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate (t-PDC). In contrast, dihydrokainate exhibited significantly more uptake inhibition in oligodendrocytes than in type-1 astrocytes. These results provide evidence for the expression of functional sodium-dependent glutamate transporters in optic nerve oligodendrocytes, and suggest that this cell type may play a role in the glutamate-glutamine cycle.
authors.affiliation: Departmento de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Domercq
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Gómez
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Areso
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Matute
mesh_terms: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000378:metabolism*; D027322:Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005974:Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase / Q000378:metabolism; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000378:metabolism; D009836:Oligodendroglia / Q000378:metabolism*; D009900:Optic Nerve / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D027322:Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D005974:Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase