title: CD28/CTLA-4 and CD80/CD86 families: signaling and function.
abstract: T cell stimulation in the absence of a second, costimulatory signal can lead to anergy or the induction of cell death. CD28 is a major T cell costimulatory receptor, the coengagement of which can prevent anergy and cell death. The CD28 receptor is a member of a complex family of polypeptides that includes at least two receptors and two ligands. Cytotoxic lymphocyte-associated molecule-4 (CTLA-4, CD152) is the second member of the CD28 receptor family. The ligands or counterreceptors for these two proteins are the B7 family members, CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2). This article reviews the CD28/CTLA4 and CD80/CD86 families, and outlines the functional outcomes and biochemical signaling pathways recruited after CD28 ligation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Slavik
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Hutchcroft
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Bierer
mesh_terms: D000069594:Abatacept; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D018122:B7-1 Antigen / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; D018106:CD28 Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D006801:Humans; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D018122:B7-1 Antigen; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; D018106:CD28 Antigens; C497964:CD86 protein, human; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C556706:CTLA4 protein, human; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D000069594:Abatacept