title: Impact of clinically significant heterotopic ossification on functional outcome after traumatic brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess heterotopic ossification's (HO) impact on functional outcome after TBI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective with matched control group, single center.
  
  
  METHODS
  TBI Model System of Care at the Medical College of Virginia of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six patients with TBI and triple-phase bone scan confirmed HO were matched with 26 patients without clinical evidence of HO.
  
  
  METHODS
  Acute and rehabilitation lengths of stay (LOS), Admission and Discharge Functional Independence Measure (FIM) scores, FIM change, FIM efficiency (FIM gains per week), and discharge disposition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two groups had similar acute care LOS. Patients with HO had significantly longer inpatient rehabilitation LOS and significantly lower FIM mobility and activities of daily living subscale scores on admission and discharge. FIM efficiency was significantly lower for the group with HO. Significantly fewer patients with HO were able to be discharged to home.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HO is associated with a poorer functional outcome; however, it is not clear whether HO causes the decreased function or whether it may serve more generally as an indicator of those patients who will not progress as far or as rapidly during inpatient rehabilitation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0667, USA.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Johns
authors.forename: D X
authors.initials: DX
authors.lastname: Cifu
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Keyser-Marcus
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Jolles
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Fratkin
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D017281:Cost of Illness; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009999:Ossification, Heterotopic / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome