title: Pregestational Diabetes Mellitus and Pregnancy.
abstract: In a pregnancy complicated by diabetes the foetus is at increased risk of congenital malformations, macrosomia and stillbirth. For the mother, diabetes complications (retinopathy nephropathy) may worsen, and in this group there is a higher incidence of hypertension, pre-eclamptic toxaemia and intrauterine growth restriction. However, women with good control who are free of diabetic complications can expect a normal outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University Hospital Trust (Selly Oak), Raddlebarn Road, Birmingham, UK B29 6JD.
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Dunne