title: Lean mass and physical activity as predictors of bone mineral density in 16-20-year old women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to quantify the inter-relationship between bone mineral density and physical activity, muscle strength, and body mass composition in a group of healthy 16-20-year-old women.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reykjavik area.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two-hundred and fifty-four Icelandic Caucasian women aged 16, 18 and 20 years, randomly selected from the registry of Reykjavik.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) in lumbar spine, hip, distal forearm and total skeleton and lean mass and fat mass were measured with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and compared with grip strength measured with a dynamometer and physical activity as assessed by a questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The lean mass had the strongest correlation with BMC and BMD, stronger than weight, height and fat mass, both in univariate analysis (r = 0.41-0.77; P<0.001) and in linear regression analysis. The total skeletal BMD was logarithmically higher by hours of exercise per week (P<0.001)). About 30% of variability in total skeletal BMD in this age group can be predicted by lean mass and physical exercise.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Modifiable factors, such as exercise and adequate muscle seem to be significant predictors of the attainment of peak bone mass in women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Reykjavik Hospital, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Valdimarsson
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Kristinsson
authors.forename: S O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Stefansson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Valdimarsson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sigurdsson
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015519:Bone Density; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D018737:Hand Strength; D006801:Humans; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests