title: Molecular cloning and tissue-specific expression of the mutator2 gene (mu2) in Drosophila melanogaster.
abstract: We present here the molecular cloning and characterization of the mutator2 (mu2) gene of Drosophila melanogaster together with further genetic analyses of its mutant phenotype. mu2 functions in oogenesis during meiotic recombination, during repair of radiation damage in mature oocytes, and in proliferating somatic cells, where mu2 mutations cause an increase in somatic recombination. Our data show that mu2 represents a novel component in the processing of double strand breaks (DSBs) in female meiosis. mu2 does not code for a DNA repair enzyme because mu2 mutants are not hypersensitive to DSB-inducing agents. We have mapped and cloned the mu2 gene and rescued the mu2 phenotype by germ-line transformation with genomic DNA fragments containing the mu2 gene. Sequencing its cDNA demonstrates that mu2 encodes a novel 139-kD protein, which is highly basic in the carboxy half and carries three nuclear localization signals and a helix-loop-helix domain. Consistent with the sex-specific mutant phenotype, the gene is expressed in ovaries but not in testes. During oogenesis its RNA is rapidly transported from the nurse cells into the oocyte where it accumulates specifically at the anterior margin. Expression is also prominent in diploid proliferating cells of larval somatic tissues. Our genetic and molecular data are consistent with the model that mu2 encodes a structural component of the oocyte nucleus. The MU2 protein may be involved in controlling chromatin structure and thus may influence the processing of DNA DSBs.
authors.affiliation: Developmental Biology Center, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kasravi
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brand
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Biessmann
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics*; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010641:Phenotype; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; C121266:MU2 protein, Drosophila