title: Coupled inositide phosphorylation and phospholipase D activation initiates clathrin-coat assembly on lysosomes.
abstract: Adaptors appear to control clathrin-coat assembly by determining the site of lattice polymerization but the nucleating events that target soluble adaptors to an appropriate membrane are poorly understood. Using an in vitro model system that allows AP-2-containing clathrin coats to assemble on lysosomes, we show that adaptor recruitment and coat initiation requires phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2) synthesis. PtdIns(4,5)P2 is generated on lysosomes by the sequential action of a lysosome-associated type II phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase and a soluble type I phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase. Phosphatidic acid, which potently stimulates type I phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase activity, is generated on the bilayer by a phospholipase D1-like enzyme located on the lysosomal surface. Quenching phosphatidic acid function with primary alcohols prevents the synthesis of PtdIns(4, 5)P2 and blocks coat assembly. Generating phosphatidic acid directly on lysosomes with exogenous bacterial phospholipase D in the absence of ATP still drives adaptor recruitment and limited coat assembly, indicating that PtdIns(4,5)P2 functions, at least in part, to activate the PtdIns(4,5)P2-dependent phospholipase D1. These results provide the first direct evidence for the involvement of anionic phospholipids in clathrin-coat assembly on membranes and define the enzymes responsible for the production of these important lipid mediators.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Arneson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kunz
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Traub
mesh_terms: D019870:1-Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D033965:Adaptor Protein Complex alpha Subunits; D033942:Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport; D000438:Alcohols / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002966:Clathrin / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005246:Feedback; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000201:enzymology; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D019269:Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010739:Phospholipase D / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D013302:Streptomyces / Q000201:enzymology; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D033965:Adaptor Protein Complex alpha Subunits; D033942:Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport; D000438:Alcohols; D002966:Clathrin; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D019269:Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate; D013449:Sulfonamides; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); D019870:1-Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase; C020077:1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase; D010739:Phospholipase D; C106801:phospholipase D1