title: T cell co-stimulatory molecules other than CD28.
abstract: CD28 is the primary co-stimulatory receptor for inducing high-level IL-2 production and survival of naïve CD4(+) T cells. While no other cell surface receptor can be considered fully redundant with CD28, recent developments suggest that additional co-stimulatory pathways have preferential effects at different stages of T cell activation, on different subsets of T cells or contribute to the development of different effector functions.
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto, Department of Immunology, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada. tania.watts@utoronto.ca
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Watts
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: DeBenedette
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D051927:CD24 Antigen; D018106:CD28 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D016169:Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D017475:Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D053262:Receptors, OX40; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D018127:Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7 / Q000378:metabolism; D053261:Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D051927:CD24 Antigen; C497889:CD24 protein, human; D018106:CD28 Antigens; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D016169:Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D017475:Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor; D053262:Receptors, OX40; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; C505716:TNFRSF4 protein, human; C505714:TNFRSF9 protein, human; D018127:Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7; D053261:Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1