title: Depressive symptoms and occurrence of type 2 diabetes among Japanese men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship between depressive symptoms and the incidence of type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 1984, 2,764 male employees of an electrical company in Japan completed a self-administered questionnaire including the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). They were followed for the next 8 years, and 2,380 (86%) responded to the follow-up survey in 1992. During the follow-up survey, occurrence of type 2 diabetes was diagnosed according to World Health Organization criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 41 cases of type 2 diabetes were identified during the 8-year follow-up survey. After controlling for other known risk factors for type 2 diabetes, a proportional hazard analysis indicated that subjects who had moderate or severe levels of depressive symptoms (> or = 48 on the SDS) at baseline had a 2.3 times higher risk of having type 2 diabetes at the follow-up survey than those who were not depressed (< or = 39 on the SDS) (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depressive symptoms may be associated with the onset of type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Gifu University School of Medicine, Japan. norito@cc.gifu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takatsuka
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishibashi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D007899:Leisure Activities; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010352:Patient Dropouts; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires