title: Minimally invasive coronary surgery in women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the minimally invasive surgery in coronary artery bypass grafting and the feasibility for revascularization of triple vessel coronary artery disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine female patients, aged 49.1 to 81.6 years (mean 64.3), were operated on for triple vessel disease through minimally invasive surgical techniques. The surgeries were performed through limited left parasternal incision under femorofemoral extracorporeal circulation. The myocardium was protected by antegrade infusion of cold blood cardioplegic solution while the aorta was cross-clamped. Under direct vision, the left saphenous vein grafts were connected sequentially to the diagonal branch, obtuse marginal branch and posterior descending branch, and the left internal thoracic arterial graft was anastomosed to the left anterior descending artery in each patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of distal anastomoses was 3 to 4 with a mean of 3.7. The aortic crossclamp time was 52 to 130 minutes (82 +/- 25 minutes). The duration of extracorporeal circulation was 78 to 151 minutes (115 +/- 29 minutes). The postoperative course was uneventful in all patients. The postoperative length of stay was 4 to 12 days (7.2 +/- 2.0 days). Follow-up (4.2 to 8.7 months, mean 6.4) was complete in all patients and there were no late deaths or angina. Coronary angiography of 2 patients showed patent grafts. All patients were satisfied with the good cosmetic healing of the incision.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our experience demonstrates that minimally invasive surgery in coronary artery bypass grafting is technically feasible and may be an alternative approach in surgical revascularization of triple vessel coronary artery disease, especially in female patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung Medical College, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan, China.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000601:surgery*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006324:Heart Arrest, Induced; D006801:Humans; D008323:Mammary Arteries / Q000637:transplantation; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000637:transplantation; D012737:Sex Factors