title: Accelerated conversion of human plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 to its latent form by antibody binding.
abstract: The serpin plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) slowly converts to an inactive latent form by inserting a major part of its reactive center loop (RCL) into its beta-sheet A. A murine monoclonal antibody (MA-33B8), raised against the human plasminogen activator (tPA).PAI-1 complex, rapidly inactivates PAI-1. Results presented here indicate that MA-33B8 induces acceleration of the active-to-latent conversion. The antibody-induced inactivation of PAI-1 labeled with the fluorescent probe N, N'-dimethyl-N-(acetyl)-N'-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl) ethylene diamine (NBD) at P9 in the RCL caused a fluorescence enhancement and shift identical to those accompanying the spontaneous conversion of the P9.NBD PAI-1 to the latent form. Like latent PAI-1, antibody-inactivated PAI-1 was protected from cleavage by elastase. The rate constants for MA-33B8 binding, measured by NBD fluorescence or inactivation, were similar (1.3-1.8 x 10(4) M-1 s-1), resulting in a 4000-fold faster inactivation at 4.2 microM antibody binding sites. The apparent antibody binding rate constant, at least 1000 times slower than one limited by diffusion, indicates that exposure of its epitope depends on an unfavorable equilibrium of PAI-1. Our observations are consistent with this idea and suggest that the equilibrium involves partial insertion of the RCL into sheet A: latent, RCL-cleaved, and tPA-complexed PAI-1, which are inactive loop-inserted forms, bound much faster than active PAI-1 to MA-33B8, whereas two loop-extracted forms of PAI-1, modified to prevent loop insertion, did not bind or bound much more weakly to the antibody.
authors.affiliation: Henry Ford Health Sciences Center, Division of Biochemical Research, Detroit, Michigan 48202-3450, USA.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Verhamme
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Kvassman
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Day
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Debrock
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vleugels
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Declerck
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Shore
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001665:Binding Sites; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000494:pharmacology; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006493:Heparin / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase / Q000378:metabolism; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000378:metabolism; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010960:Plasminogen Activators / Q000737:chemistry*; D011485:Protein Binding; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D006493:Heparin; D010960:Plasminogen Activators; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase