title: Impact of collimator leaf width on stereotactic radiosurgery and 3D conformal radiotherapy treatment plans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors undertook a study to analyze the impact of collimator leaf width on stereotactic radiosurgery and 3D conformal radiotherapy treatment plans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve cases involving primary brain tumors, metastases, or arteriovenous malformations that had been planned with BrainLAB's conventional circular collimator-based radiosurgery system were re-planned using a beta-version of BrainLAB's treatment planning software that is compatible with MRC Systems' and BrainLAB's micro-multileaf collimators. These collimators have a minimum leaf width of 1.7 mm and 3.0 mm, respectively, at isocenter. The clinical target volumes ranged from 2.7-26.1 cc and the number of static fields ranged from 3-5. In addition, for 4 prostate cancer cases, 2 separate clinical target volumes were planned using MRC Systems' and BrainLAB's micro-multileaf collimators and Varian's multileaf collimator: the smaller clinical target volume consisted of the prostate gland and the larger clinical target volume consisted of the prostate and seminal vesicles. For the prostate cancer cases, treatment plans were generated using either 6 or 7 static fields. A "PITV ratio," which the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group defines as the volume encompassed by the prescription isodose surface divided by the clinical target volume, was used as a measure of the quality of treatment plans (a PITV ratio of 1.0-2.0 is desirable). Bladder and rectal volumes encompassed by the prescription isodose surface, isodose distributions and dose volume histograms were also analyzed for the prostate cancer patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 75% of the cases treated with radiosurgery, a PITV ratio between 1.0-2.0 could be achieved using a micro-multileaf collimator with a leaf width of 1.7-3.0 mm at isocenter and 3-5 static fields. When the clinical target volume consisted of the prostate gland, the micro-multileaf collimator with a minimum leaf width of 3.0 mm allowed one to decrease the median volume of bladder and rectum within the prescription isodose surface by 26% and 17%, respectively, compared to the multileaf collimator with a leaf width of 10 mm. Use of the 1.7 mm leaf width micro-multileaf collimator allowed one to decrease the median volume of bladder and rectum within the prescription isodose surface by 48% and 39%, respectively, compared to the multileaf collimator with a leaf width of 10 mm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For most lesions treated with radiosurgery, the use of a micro-multileaf collimator with a leaf width of 1.7-3.0 mm at isocenter and 3-5 static fields allows one to meet the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group guidelines for treatment planning. Both planning and treatment are relatively straightforward with a micro-multileaf collimator, allowing for efficient treatment of non-spherical targets with either stereotactic radiosurgery or fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy. When the clinical target volume consists of the prostate gland, micro-multileaf collimators with a minimum leaf width of 1.7-3.0 mm allow one to spare more bladder and rectum than one can with a multileaf collimator that has a 10-mm leaf width based on an analysis of PITV ratios, isodose distributions, and dose volume histograms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, USA. hdkubo@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Wilder
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Pappas
mesh_terms: D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D055585:Physical Phenomena; D010825:Physics; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D011859:Radiography; D016634:Radiosurgery / Q000295:instrumentation*; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000295:instrumentation*