title: Inhibition of microglial cell RANTES production by IL-10 and TGF-beta.
abstract: Using human fetal microglial cell cultures, we found that the gram-negative bacterial cell wall component lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated RANTES (regulated upon activation of normal T cell expressed and secreted) production through the protein kinase C signaling pathway and that activation of transcription nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB was required for this effect. Similarly, the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha dose-dependently stimulated microglial cell RANTES production via NF-kappaB activation. Anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-10, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta sequentially inhibited LPS- and cytokine-induced microglial cell NF-kappaB activation, RANTES mRNA expression, and protein release. Proinflammatory cytokines but not LPS also stimulated RANTES production by human astrocytes. These findings demonstrate that human microglia synthesize RANTES in response to proinflammatory stimuli, and that the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-beta down-regulate the production of this beta-chemokine. These results may have important therapeutic implications for inflammatory diseases of the brain.
authors.affiliation: Neuroimmunobiology and Host Defense Laboratory, Institute for Brain and Immune Disorders, Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, MN 55404, USA. huxxx031@tc.umn.edu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Ehrlich
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Sheng
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Sutton
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Rockswold
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Peterson
mesh_terms: D019070:Cell Lineage / Q000187:drug effects; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D017628:Microglia / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000502:physiology; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10