title: Vitamin A and zinc supplementation of preschool children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether supplementation of vitamin A and/or zinc (Zn) improved serum levels of these nutrients and/or height and weight gains in preschool children, 22 to 66 months, living in Belize, Central America.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects received either Zn, vitamin A, Zn and vitamin A or a placebo, (70 mg Zn and/or 3030 RE vitamin A, once per week) for 6 months in a 2x2 factorial design. Forty-three children, from a population of 104 prescreened, completed the study; they were selected, prior to treatment, for low/marginal serum concentrations of these micronutrients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum Zn levels were greater (16%, p<0.001) for those who received Zn. In contrast, after vitamin A treatment there were no differences in serum vitamin A among groups. Although increases in height (+4.4 cm, p<0.001) and weight (+0.79 kg, p<0.001), compared with baseline values, were numerically greatest for children who received both supplements, only the vitamin A supplementation effect was significant, resulting in increased height (+1.4 cm, p<0.002) and greater weight gain (+0.15 kg, p<0.03) compared to those receiving no vitamin A. Vitamin A supplementation alone significantly increased (p<0.001) hemoglobin concentration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that the preschool children in this study, prescreened for low/marginal serum concentrations from a larger population prior to treatment, were enduring inadequate vitamin A and, to a lesser degree, Zn nutriture. Height and weight gain were significantly increased in the subjects who received a single weekly supplement 3030 RE of vitamin A.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Phytonutrients Laboratory, Maryland 20705-2350, USA.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Makdani
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hegar
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Douglass
mesh_terms: D001531:Belize; D001827:Body Height / Q000187:drug effects*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004544:El Salvador / Q000208:ethnology; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D012036:Refugees; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood*; D015032:Zinc / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D006454:Hemoglobins; D014801:Vitamin A; D015032:Zinc