title: Testosterone, gonadotropin, and cortisol secretion in male patients with major depression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies of sex hormone concentrations in depression yielded inconsistent results. However, the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system seen in depression may negatively affect gonadal function at every level of regulation. The objective of this study was to explore whether major depressive episodes are indeed associated with an alteration of gonadal function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Testosterone, pulsatile LH secretion, FSH, and cortisol were assessed using frequent sampling during a 24-hour period in 15 male inpatients with major depression of moderate to high severity and in 22 healthy comparison subjects (age range 22-85 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  An analysis of covariance model showed that after adjustment for age only, daytime testosterone (p < .01), nighttime testosterone (p < .05), and 24-hour mean testosterone secretion (p < .01) were significantly lower in the depressed male inpatients. There was also a trend for a decreased LH pulse frequency in the depressed patients (p < .08).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gonadal function may be disturbed in men with a depressive episode of moderate to high severity.
authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Institute, Munich, Germany. schweiger.u@psychiatry.mu-Luebeck.de
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schweiger
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deuschle
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Körner
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lammers
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schmider
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Gotthardt
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Heuser
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood*; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D013739:Testosterone; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D006854:Hydrocortisone