title: Effect of d-amphetamine on prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex in humans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex (PPI) is attenuated in animals after administration of d-amphetamine and other drugs that stimulate mesolimbic dopamine activity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of d-amphetamine (20 mg) on a variety of psychophysiological and subjective measures, including PPI, in humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six participants (18 women) participated in a double-blind, placebo controlled, repeated measures study. In one session, participants received d-amphetamine (20 mg) orally, and in the other session, participants received an identical appearing placebo. Participants were assessed at 60, 90, and 120 min after ingestion with a 5-min block of startle trials (six control trials and six prepulse trials) followed by subjective measures of stimulation and mood.
  
  
  RESULTS
  d-Amphetamine increased subjective measures of stimulation and euphoria, attenuated PPI, and increased heart rate, relative to placebo treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The effect of d-amphetamine on the subjective measures was substantial and consistent over time, while the effect on PPI was only observed at 90 min after ingestion, and the effect on heart rate was limited to 90 and 120 min after ingestion.
authors.affiliation: University of Colorado, Department of Psychology, Boulder 80309-0345, USA. kenth@psych.colorado.edu
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Hutchison
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Swift
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect / Q000187:drug effects; D000661:Amphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D010919:Placebos; D013216:Reflex, Startle / Q000187:drug effects*; D012737:Sex Factors; D013566:Sympathomimetics / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos; D013566:Sympathomimetics; D000661:Amphetamine