title: Arteriography in chronic renal failure: a case for carbon dioxide.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the utilisation of carbon dioxide arteriography, performed with a simple injection system, as the imaging technique of choice in patients with chronic renal failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with chronic renal impairment who required arterial imaging or intervention were recruited for carbon dioxide angiography. Demographic data were prospectively recorded and pre- and post-arteriogram renal function was quantified. Radiographic images were graded by an independent radiologist.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-eight patients underwent renal or aorto-femoral studies with only one failure. There were no cases of contrast-induced nephropathy. Twenty-two of the films (79%) were graded as excellent or good, four as acceptable and two were considered to be poor (non-diagnostic).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study has demonstrated that carbon dioxide angiography is a safe and clinically effective procedure in patients with chronic renal failure.
authors.affiliation: University of Adelaide, Department of Surgery, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, SA, Australia. rfitridge@medicine.adelaide.edu.au
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Fitridge
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petrucco
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Dunlop
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Sebben
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000792:Angiography; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon; D001027:Aortography; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D002245:Carbon Dioxide