title: Transcatheter embolization for the treatment of misperfusion after hepatic artery chemoinfusion pump implantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of surgically implanted chemoinfusion pumps for the treatment of hepatic metastases from colorectal carcinoma can be complicated by intra- or extrahepatic misperfusion. This may result in suboptimal tumor exposure to the chemotherapeutic agent and injury to other gastrointestinal organs. Misperfusion can be managed by selective arterial transcatheter embolization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1989 and 1996, 16 patients with liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma and with hepatic artery chemoinfusion pump misperfusion were treated using transcatheter coil embolization. Six female and 10 male patients (age range, 34-84 years; median, 51.5 years) were identified by retrospective review of the records of the Department of Interventional Radiology. After pump placement, abnormal liver perfusion scan or methylene blue endoscopy study results prompted angiography with coil embolization. After embolization, the imaging studies were repeated and patients were monitored in the Oncology Clinic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight patients exhibited intrahepatic misperfusion (group 1) and eight extrahepatic misperfusion (group 2). Coil embolization was immediately successful in 100% of patients in group 1, with restoration of normal hepatic perfusion, and in 75% in group 2. There were no immediate procedure-related complications. Follow-up periods ranged from 1 to 23 months (median, 13.5 months). Embolization was unsuccessful for two patients (in group 2), who tolerated a modified chemotherapeutic regimen, with follow-up periods of 18.5 and 22 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transcatheter coil embolization is the therapy of choice for the management of hepatic artery chemoinfusion pump misperfusion. It is rapid, effective, and well tolerated by patients and obviates the need for additional surgical intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0628, USA.
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Bloom
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Ahl
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Kerlan
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: LaBerge
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Venook
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Warren
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006499:Hepatic Artery; D006801:Humans; D015918:Infusion Pumps, Implantable; D007261:Infusions, Intra-Arterial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013668:Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin; D013671:Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D013668:Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin; D013671:Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid