title: Identification and immunolocalization of actin cytoskeletal components in light- and dark-adapted octopus retinas.
abstract: Photoreceptors in the octopus retina are of the rhabdomeric type, with rhabdomeres arising from the plasma membrane on opposite sides of the cylindrical outer segment. Each rhabdomere microvillus has an actin filament core, but other actin-binding proteins have not been identified. We used immunoblotting techniques to identify actin-binding proteins in octopus retinal extracts and immunofluorescence microscopy to localize the same proteins in fixed tissue. Antibodies directed against alpha-actinin and vinculin recognized single protein bands on immunoblots of octopus retinal extract with molecular weights comparable to the same proteins in other tissues. Anti-filamin identified two closely spaced bands similar in molecular weight to filamin in other species. Antibodies to the larger of the Drosophila ninaC gene products, p174, identified two bands lower in molecular weight than p174. Anti-villin localized a band that was significantly less in molecular weight than villin found in other cells. Epifluorescence and confocal microscopy were used to map the location of the same actin-binding proteins in dark- and light-adapted octopus photoreceptors and other retinal cells. Antibodies to most of the actin-binding proteins showed heavy staining of the photoreceptor proximal/supportive cell region accompanied by rhabdom membrane and rhabdom tip staining, although subtle differences were detected with individual antibodies. In dark-adapted retinas anti-alpha-actinin stained the photoreceptor proximal/supportive cell region where an extensive junctional complex joins these two cell types, but in the light, immunoreactivity extended above the junctional complex into the rhabdom bases. Most antibodies densely stained the rhabdom tips but anti-villin exhibited a striated pattern of localization at the tips. We believe that the actin-binding proteins identified in the octopus retina may play a significant role in the formation of new rhabdomere microvilli in the dark. We speculate that these proteins and actin remain associated with an avillar membrane that connects opposing sets of rhabdomeres in light-adapted retinas. Association of these cytoskeletal proteins with the avillar membrane would constitute a pool of proteins that could be recruited for rapid microvillus formation from the previously avillar region.
authors.affiliation: Biology Department, California State University, Dominguez Hills, 1000 East Victoria Street, Carson, CA, 90747, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: De Velasco
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Ochoa
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Robles
mesh_terms: D000185:Actinin / Q000378:metabolism; D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000221:Adaptation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D003285:Contractile Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D003623:Dark Adaptation / Q000502:physiology; D064448:Filamins; D008840:Microfilament Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D049831:Octopodiformes / Q000378:metabolism*; D012160:Retina / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D003285:Contractile Proteins; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D064448:Filamins; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; C026615:villin; D000185:Actinin