title: Incidence of breast cancer in a Norwegian cohort of women with potential workplace exposure to 50 Hz magnetic fields.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The risk of breast cancer was investigated in a large dynamic population-based cohort of all 1.1 million economically active women in Norway with potential exposure to 50 Hz magnetic fields at the censuses of 1960, 1970, and 1980.
  
  
  METHODS
  The follow-up period for the cohort was 1961-1992. For each woman, date of birth and census information on occupation and socioeconomic status were ascertained. These data were linked to the breast cancer morbidity information in the Cancer Registry of Norway. Exposure to magnetic fields was assessed a priori using two different approaches. In the first approach, hours per week in a potential magnetic field above background level (0.1 microT) were classified by an expert panel. In the second approach, measured magnetic fields from a separate study of men at work were allocated to the women's census job titles. In both approaches, exposure was cumulated over the years of employment (work hours and microT-years, respectively).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Poisson regression analysis showed a risk ratio (RR) of 1.14 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.10-1.19) in the highest exposure category compared to the lowest when using the first approach, and the corresponding RR was 1.08 (95% CI = 1.01-1.16) when using the second approach. For women younger than 50 years, RR was 1.20 (95% CI = 1.11-1.29) and 1.12 (95% CI = 0.98-1.28), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results give some support to the hypothesis that exposure to 50 Hz magnetic fields may increase the risk of breast cancer. However, since no direct information on exposure was available, no firm conclusions can be drawn.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Epidemiological Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway. JOKL@NYCOMED.COM
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kliukiene
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tynes
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Martinsen
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Blaasaas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Andersen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013997:Time Factors; D016387:Women's Health