title: Fracture toughness determination of composite resin and dentin/composite resin adhesive interfaces by laboratory testing and finite element models.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The reliability and validity of the adhesive bond toughness of dentin/composite resin interfaces were studied from the standpoint of fracture mechanics.
  
  
  METHODS
  The fracture toughness (KIC) and fracture energy (JIC) values of two different composite resins (Brilliant Dentin and P50) were determined by using single edge notch (SEN) specimens loaded in three point bending and the results were analyzed by the t-test method (p < 0.1). The fracture loads of dentin/composite resin interface with different initial crack lengths were obtained experimentally. The adhesive fracture energy (J(adh)), residual fracture energy (J(res)) and effective (total) fracture energy (J(eff)) for the symmetrical bimaterial (SBM) joint specimen for dentin/composite resin interfaces were calculated and the applied fracture energy (J(appl)) values under the mastication force were obtained for the axisymmetric tooth models. All numerical calculations were carried out by the finite element method and software programs were prepared according to fortran 77.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The fracture toughness and energy values obtained experimentally for Brilliant Dentin were found to be higher than those for P50. It was seen that, calculated J values (J(adh) and J(res)++) changed with the crack length; but the effective fracture energy (J(eff)++) was independent of the crack length, as expected. The applied fracture energy (J(appl)) and effective fracture energy (J(eff)) are considerably smaller than the experimentally determined JIC values of composite resins.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The bonded interface tends to produce microscopic flaws which could act as critical stress risers promoting interfacial failures. The initiation and propagation of such flaws under the mastication forces can be followed by fracture toughness (KIC) or fracture energy (JIC) in linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM).
authors.affiliation: Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Dokuz Eylül University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey. mtoparli@izmir.eng.deu.edu.tr
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toparli
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aksoy
mesh_terms: D001641:Bicuspid / Q000502:physiology; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D001732:Bite Force; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000379:methods; D003804:Dentin / Q000737:chemistry; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D004548:Elasticity; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D008409:Mastication; D008422:Materials Testing; D019279:Resin Cements
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D019279:Resin Cements; C084018:Scotchbond Multi-Purpose; C065771:P50 composite resin; C069353:Brilliant Dentin resin; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate