title: Slow growth in the United States of the number of minorities in the RN workforce.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the extent to which the number of minority RNs has grown during the past 20 years, and to identify and compare key trends in personal and professional characteristics among minority groups and between minority and majority populations of RNs. Nursing education programs, employers, philanthropic organizations, and governments have expended considerable effort and resources to increase the number of minorities in nursing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Longitudinal analysis of trends in the number, education, employment, and earnings of minority RNs from 1977 to 1997.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive analysis of data from the U.S. National Sample Surveys of the Population of Registered Nurses, 1977-1996; and data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census Current Population Survey (CPS) Outgoing Rotation Group Annual Merged Files, 1977-1997.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the past 20 years, the number of minority RNs has grown from 87,386 (or 6.3% of the total supply of RNs) in 1977 to 246,364 RNs (9.7%) in 1996. The number of Black (nonHispanic), Asian Pacific/Islanders, and American Indian/Alaskan Native nurses nearly tripled in this period while the number of Hispancis doubled. Although these rates of growth are impressive, the percentage of minorities in nursing lags considerably behind the percentage (18.3%) who are teachers, and the percentage (28.2%) in the U.S. population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Studies are needed to determine the barriers that exist in nursing education programs, health care organizations, and society in general that deter minorities from a nursing career. Without this understanding, efforts to design and implement ideas to attract, educate, and retain minorities in nursing education and later in the workplace are hampered.
authors.affiliation: Harvard Nursing Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA. pbuer@hsph.harvard.edu
authors.forename: P I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Buerhaus
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Auerbach
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008913:Minority Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009726:Nurses / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009729:Nursing / Q000639:trends*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D000078329:Workforce