title: Quality of life after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer in patients with an ileal conduit, cutaneous or urethral kock pouch.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Radical cystectomy for bladder cancer is associated with many changes in bodily function with sexual and urinary dysfunction most prevalent. However, little research has been done on how efforts to improve erectile function relate to quality of life. Also, the psychological benefits associated with continent urinary diversion have not been fully explored. We compared long-term quality of life outcomes among 3 urinary diversion groups, and between patients who had and had not received an inflatable penile prosthesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 224 participating patients completed 4 self-reporting questionnaires, including the profile of mood states, and adapted versions of the sexual history form, body image dissatisfaction scale and quality of life questionnaire. We compared self-reports of emotional distress, global quality of life, sexuality, body image dissatisfaction, urinary diversion problems, and problems with social, physical and functional activities in patients with advanced bladder cancer who underwent urinary diversion, including an ileal conduit in 25, cutaneous Kock pouch in 93 and urethral Kock pouch in 103. Patients who had or had not received an inflatable penile prosthesis after cystectomy were also compared in regard to quality of life variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Regardless of type of urinary diversion the majority of patients reported good overall quality of life, little emotional distress and few problems with social, physical or functional activities. Problems with urinary diversion and sexual functioning were identified as most common. After controlling for age analysis of variance showed no significant differences among urinary diversion subgroups in any quality of life area. However, t tests controlling for age indicated that penile prosthesis placement was significantly associated with better sexual function and satisfaction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Quality of life appears good in these long-term survivors of advanced bladder cancer. The type of urinary diversion does not appear to be associated with differential quality of life. Findings suggest that physicians may wish to discuss urinary diversion problems and sexual dysfunction as long-term correlates of radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. Furthermore, they may also wish to discuss the option of erectile aids in men with erectile dysfunction after cystectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Skinner
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Meyerowitz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boyd
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lieskovsky
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Skinner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015653:Cystectomy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007082:Ileum / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D014547:Urinary Diversion; D016476:Urinary Reservoirs, Continent