title: Modifications in endoscopic facelifts.
abstract: Since 1996, 72 patients (66 women and 6 men) have undergone endoscopic upper and midface rejuvenation. Sixteen of these patients had concomitant lower face rejuvenation at the same time. The patients were operated using a personal endoscopic technique, including biplanar endoscopic dissection (subgaleal and subcutaneous) at the forehead and temporal regions, excision of a galeal strip approximately 1 cm in thickness (to achieve a stable forehead lift), and a lower blepharoplasty incision for midface lifting and fixation of the malar fat pad. This approach helps to prevent midface widening-a concern of most surgeons. Regarding patient satisfaction, 51 patients had excellent results, 16 patients had good results, and 5 patients had an improved appearance of the mid and upper face. Complications included 11 incidences of temporary numbness in different regions of the upper and mid face, three incidences of temporary lower lid retraction (which did not require additional revision), three relapses of eyebrow elevation (which were reoperated), and unbalanced eyebrows in 2 patients (which were corrected during secondary revisional procedures).
authors.affiliation: Istanbul Cranioplast, Plastic and Craniofacial Surgery Clinic and Florence Nightingale Metropolitan Hospital, Turkey.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Celik
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tuncer
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Buyukcayir
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019882:Blepharoplasty / Q000379:methods; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015361:Rhytidoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome