title: [Hyperbaric oxygenation in subcortical frontal syndrome due to small artery disorders with leukoaraiosis].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Frontal leukoaraiosis (LA) is a common finding in patients with subcortical small-vessel disease and currently its pathogenesis is attributed to ischemic-hypoxic mechanisms. It associates to a vascular subcortical frontal syndrome (VSFS) for which an effective treatment does not exist.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present four subjects from a prospective patient-blind controlled pilot trial to study efficacy and safety of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) vs hyperbaric air in VSFS with LA. All of them had frontal or extended LA on computed tomography scan and lacunes in basal ganglia and centrum ovale, with moderate to severe gait disorders, urinary dysfunction, cognitive impairment, and dependence in the daily living activities. Deficits had begun two to ten years before and had remained stable three months previous to the treatment. Patients were assessed with validated scales and tests one week before and after being administrated ten daily sessions of HBO at 2.5 atmospheres absolute for 45 minutes with a multiplace chamber. Serious adverse effects did not occur. After treatment a noticeable gait, urinary and cognitive improvement was observed in all subjects, increasing their independence. They remained clinically improved during four to five months, after which the previous deficits reappeared. Then, three patients received ten daily sessions of air at 1.1 atmospheres absolute for 45 minutes (controls) and the other a new HBO regimen, which improved as the first time. From the controls, there were no changes in two, while the other did only improve cognitively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These patients show that HBO is effective and safety in reversing, at least partially, although at great length, chronic neurological deficits associated to vascular frontal LA, highlighting that a functional reserve therapeutically useful exists.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Neurociencias, Hospital Naval CM Dr. Pedro Mallo, Buenos Aires, Argentina. abuisi@bigfoot.com
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Vila
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Balcarce
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Abiusi
authors.forename: R O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Domínguez
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Subbotina
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Pisarello
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006931:Hyperbaric Oxygenation / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen
vernacular_title: Oxigenoterapia hiperbárica en el síndrome frontal subcortical por enfermedad de pequeñas arterias con leucoaraiosis.