title: Nursing home resident use of care directives.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Patient Self-Determination Act of 1991 requires that nursing homes reimbursed by Medicare or Medicaid inform all residents upon admission of their rights to enact care directives in the event of terminal illness. This study investigated the relationship between care directive use and resident functional status.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed a version of the Minimum Data Set (MDS+) from a single state. We selected residents who were admitted to a nursing home in the first half of 1993 and followed them in the nursing home through the end of 1994. We created logistic models to examine independent correlates associated with having an advance directive or a do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order on admission. We then created similar logistic models to examine independent correlates associated with writing an advance directive or DNR order subsequent to admission.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 2,780 residents, 11% (292) had advance directives and 17% (466) had DNR orders upon admission. Of those without care directives upon admission, 6% (143) subsequently had an advance directive and 15% (339) subsequently had a DNR order. Cross-sectionally, older individuals and whites were more likely to have a care directive. Having poor cognitive and physical function was associated with having a DNR order upon admission. Longitudinally, longer stayers and whites were more likely to have an advance directive. Residents who lost physical function were more likely to have an advance directive and those who lost cognitive function were more likely to have a DNR order.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Care directive use is influenced by a number of sociodemographic and functional characteristics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Suri
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Egleston
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Brody
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rudberg
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D016223:Advance Directives; D001741:Black or African American; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009735:Nursing Homes / Q000458:organization & administration; D010343:Patient Admission; D010344:Patient Advocacy / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D016414:Resuscitation Orders; D019452:Terminally Ill; D044465:White People