title: The RARgamma selective agonist CD437 inhibits gastric cell growth through the mechanism of apoptosis.
abstract: Retinoids are differentiation-inducing agents that exhibit multiple functions. Their activities are mediated through interaction with nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and retinoid X receptors (RXR). We have investigated the activities of synthetic retinoids on the growth of five gastric cancer cell lines. The effects of agonists selective for RARalpha, RARbeta and RARgamma (AM580, CD2019 and CD437, respectively) on cell growth were determined, in comparison to all-trans retinoic acid, by measuring total cellular DNA. AM580 and CD2019 had little or no effect on the growth of all five cell lines. In contrast, the RARgamma agonist CD437 inhibited cell growth up to 90-99% in both retinoic acid sensitive and resistant gastric cancer cells at a concentration of 1 microM. The growth suppression caused by CD437 was accompanied by the induction of apoptosis as judged by morphological criteria and DNA ladder formation. However, the extent of CD437-induced growth suppression was not correlated with RARgamma mRNA levels, which indicates that CD437 induces apoptosis in gastric cancer cells via an RARgamma independent pathway.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. jsy@ndmcl.ndmctsgh.edu.tw
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: D Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: R Y
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Shyu
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Reichert
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Yeh
mesh_terms: D000650:Amnion / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis; D001565:Benzoates / Q000494:pharmacology; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D048429:Cell Size / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000819:agonists*; D012176:Retinoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D013723:Teratogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D013764:Tetrahydronaphthalenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D000097768:Retinoic Acid Receptor gamma
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001565:Benzoates; D009281:Naphthalenes; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D012176:Retinoids; D013723:Teratogens; D013764:Tetrahydronaphthalenes; D000097768:Retinoic Acid Receptor gamma; C101407:CD 2019; C099555:CD 437; C068073:Am 580