title: Reduced fertility among female wood workers exposed to formaldehyde.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the study was to investigate whether exposure to formaldehyde, organic solvents or other chemicals in the wood-processing industry affects the fertility of women.
  
  
  METHODS
  For this purpose, a retrospective study on time to pregnancy was conducted among female wood workers who had given birth during 1985-1995. Data on pregnancy history, time to pregnancy, occupational exposures, and potential confounders were collected by a questionnaire; 64% (699/1,094) participated. The exposure assessment was conducted by an occupational hygienist. The data on time to pregnancy were analyzed with the discrete proportional hazards regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exposure to formaldehyde was significantly associated with delayed conception: adjusted fecundability density ratio, FDR, was 0.64 (95% CI 0.43-0.92). At high exposure if no gloves were used, the FDR was 0.51 (% CI 0.28-0.92). Exposure to phenols, dusts, wood dusts, or organic solvents was not related to the time to pregnancy. Additionally, an association was observed between exposure to formaldehyde and an increased risk of spontaneous abortion (concerning previous spontaneous abortions, reported by the women). Associations between exposure to formaldehyde or to organic solvents and endometriosis, and between exposure to organic solvents or to dusts and salpingo-oophoritis were also suggested.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study suggests that a woman's occupational exposure to formaldehyde has an adverse effect on fertility.
authors.affiliation: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Department of Occupational Medicine, Helsinki, Finland. Helena.Taskinen@occuphealth.fi
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Taskinen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kyyrönen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sallmén
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Virtanen
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Liukkonen
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Huida
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Lindbohm
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anttila
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004391:Dust / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D005404:Fixatives / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005831:Genital Diseases, Female / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012997:Solvents / Q000009:adverse effects; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D016387:Women's Health; D014934:Wood
chemical_list: D004391:Dust; D005404:Fixatives; D012997:Solvents; D005557:Formaldehyde