title: The diagnostic value of café-au-lait macules.
abstract: Single café-au-lait macules (CALMs) are common in the pediatric population and in most children represent a normal finding. It is important to recognize whether the presence of multiple CALMs in a particular patient is normal or indicates an association with a multisystem disorder. This article addresses issues concerning the prevalence, genetics, and natural history of CALMs in the general population and reviews disorders in which CALMs are present as a characteristic trait.
authors.affiliation: Division of Dermatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Landau
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Krafchik
mesh_terms: D019080:Cafe-au-Lait Spots / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D013577:Syndrome