title: Carbonyl-iron supplementation induces hepatocyte nuclear changes in BALB/CJ male mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In humans, chronic iron excess may induce hepatic fibrosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma. This work was undertaken to investigate hepatic iron overload outcome in iron-overloaded mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  BALB/cJ male mice received supplements of 0, 0.5, 1.5 and 3% carbonyl-iron for 2, 4, 8 and 12 months. Histological staining, immunohistochemistry using ferritin antibodies and electron microscopic studies were performed on liver. Liver iron concentration was measured biochemically. Mitotic index and hepatocyte nuclear size were evaluated on Feulgen-stained slides.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Liver iron concentration was increased, reaching 13 times control value after 12 months in 3% iron-overloaded mice, and iron was found predominantly in hepatocytes, with a porto-centrolobular decreasing gradient. Neither hepatic fibrosis nor hepatocellular carcinoma was found. Perls' stain positive inclusions containing ferritin were found within hepatocyte nuclei in 3%-overloaded mice. Electron microscopy disclosed that inclusions consisted of ferritin particle aggregates without a limiting membrane. Mice overloaded with 3% iron for 12 months showed larger hepatocyte nuclei than control mice and a mitotic index increase with presence of abnormal tripolar mitotic figures. In addition, some iron-free hepatocytes were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Carbonyl-iron supplementation produces significant iron overload in mice but does not result in liver fibrosis or hepatocellular carcinoma after 12 months. However, nuclear changes were produced in hepatocytes, and occasional iron-free hepatocytes were observed: these may represent preneoplastic changes caused by iron overload.
authors.affiliation: Unité de Recherches Hépatologiques, INSERM U522, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pigeon
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Turlin
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Iancu
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Leroyer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Le Lan
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Deugnier
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brissot
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Loréal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D002479:Inclusion Bodies / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism*; D054354:Iron Carbonyl Compounds; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008940:Mitotic Index; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D054354:Iron Carbonyl Compounds; D007501:Iron