title: Effects of Helicobacter pylori on proliferation of gastric epithelial cells in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  H. pylori infection of the gastric mucosa has been associated with an increase in gastric epithelial cell proliferation. However, in vitro adherence of H. pylori to gastric epithelial cells is associated with reduced cell proliferation. Reduction of epithelial cell proliferation may contribute to ulcer formation and delay ulcer healing. The following study was undertaken to elucidate the ability of cagA-positive and -negative strains to impede gastric epithelial cell proliferation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line (AGS) was overlaid with either cagA-positive or cagA-negative H. pylori strains suspended in cell culture medium. Proliferation of AGS cells was analyzed by performing direct cell counts and by measuring metabolism of a soluble tetrazolium compound (MTS), after exposure to H. pylori for 24 h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When compared with control cells cultured in medium alone, AGS cell proliferation was reduced by 45.6% and 28.5% due to exposure to cagA-negative and cagA-positive strains, respectively. When bacterial-induced cytotoxicity was assessed by measuring release of lactose dehydrogenase (LDH) into the culture medium, cagA-positive strains were shown to induce significantly more cytotoxicity than cagA-negative strains.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These experiments demonstrate that H. pylori exposure to AGS cells significantly reduces cell proliferation. However, cagA-positive strains that induce more cell injury reduce cell proliferation to a lesser extent than cagA-negative strains. Persistent replication of gastric epithelial cells injured by exposure to cagA-positive strains may be partially responsible for the stronger association with gastric cancer in persons infected with cagA-positive H. pylori strains.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Smoot
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wynn
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mekasha
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Naab
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ashktorab
mesh_terms: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002452:Cell Count; D016923:Cell Death / Q000502:physiology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D003470:Culture Media / Q000378:metabolism; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000166:cytology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D003470:Culture Media; C080866:cagA protein, Helicobacter pylori; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase