title: Activation of indices of cell-mediated immunity in bipolar mania.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Evidence supports that macrophages as well as lymphocytes and their products may be involved in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. Whether patients with bipolar disorder have activation or reduction of immunity during a manic episode remains unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  The purpose of this case-control study was to investigate the lymphocyte proliferation to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A, and pokeweed mitogen, and plasma levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) and sIL-6R in patients with bipolar mania (DSM-III-R). The subjects were 23 physically healthy patients with Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) scores > or = 26 as well as aged < or = 45 years and 23 age- and gender-matched normal control subjects. The above immune variables were measured in acute mania and consequent remission (YMRS scores < or = 12) among bipolar patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The lymphocyte proliferation to PHA and the plasma sIL-2R levels, but not sIL-6R, of bipolar patients were significantly higher in acute mania than in consequent remission. These elevations were not due to differences in medication status. Only in acute mania were the plasma sIL-2R levels of patients significantly higher than control subjects. A positive correlation between the changes of manic severity and plasma sIL-2R levels was observed. Remitted bipolar patients and normal control subjects did not differ in any of these measures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cell-mediated immunity activation in bipolar mania was demonstrated and may be through a specifically state-dependent immune response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Medical College and Hospital, Taiwan.
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Y Y
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Leu
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D003208:Concanavalin A / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins / Q000378:metabolism; D011043:Pokeweed Mitogens / Q000378:metabolism; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000097:blood; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; D011043:Pokeweed Mitogens; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6; D003208:Concanavalin A