title: Does degree of obesity influence the validity of reported energy and protein intake? Results from the SOS Dietary Questionnaire. Swedish Obese Subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the validity of a dietary questionnaire which was developed with the particular goal of measuring dietary intake in obese subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reported energy intake was compared with 24 h energy expenditure measured in a chamber for indirect calorimetry (24 EE) and reported nitrogen intake with nitrogen in urine collected during the 24 h in the chamber.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-nine overweight men and women, body mass index (BMI) ranging from 25.5 49.5 kg/m2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reported energy intake correlated significantly with 24 EE (r = 0.50, P = 0.006) and reported urinary nitrogen correlated significantly with urinary nitrogen excretion (r=0.56, P=0.0015). Mean reported energy intake+/-s.d. was 10.2+/-3.6 MJ and mean 24 EEi s.d. was 10.3+/-1.9 MJ. Although this difference was small and non significant, it indicates some underreporting if one can assume that these overweight subjects are less physically active in the chamber than in free-living conditions. Reported nitrogen intake also suggested underreporting at the group level. However, when the data were analysed at the individual level it was clear that the underreporting errors did not increase with increasing degree of obesity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Previous studies with the SOS dietary questionnaire have demonstrated that it is possible to obtain plausible energy intakes from both obese and nonobese subjects. This present analysis further demonstrates that the questionnaire discriminates overweight subjects with high and low intakes of energy and protein, using unbiased biomarkers to judge validity. These data provide additional support for the usefulness of the SOS dietary questionnaire.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Lindroos
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lissner
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sjöström
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001481:Basal Metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002151:Calorimetry; D002153:Calorimetry, Indirect; D004032:Diet; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002149:Energy Intake; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000652:urine; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D009584:Nitrogen