title: Serum levels of advanced glycation end products are associated with left ventricular diastolic function in patients with type 1 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Impairment of left ventricular diastolic function, possibly caused by increased collagen cross-linking of the cardiac muscle, is common in patients with type 1 diabetes even without coronary artery disease. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) cross-link tissue collagen and are found within myocardial fibers. The aim of this study was to examine for a possible association between circulating AGEs and left ventricular cardiac function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Left ventricular diastolic and systolic function were assessed by M-mode and Doppler echocardiography in 52 patients with type 1 diabetes, age 40 +/- 13 (mean +/- SD) years, diabetes duration 17 +/- 13 years, and HbA1c 8.3 +/- 1.1%. Serum levels of AGEs and N epsilon-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) were measured by newly developed competitive immunoassays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A positive correlation was found between serum levels of AGEs and isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT), r = 0.46 (P < 0.0008), and left ventricular diameter during diastole, r = 0.37 (P < 0.008). The systolic parameters did not correlate with serum levels of AGEs. Stepwise regression analysis showed that 21% of the IVRT variation could be explained by serum levels of AGEs (F = 11.4, P < 0.002), whereas serum levels of CML, HbA1c, albumin excretion rate, diabetes duration, and mean arterial blood pressure were of no importance. AGE levels were significantly increased in men compared with women (P < 0.03) and present or former smokers (P < 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased serum levels of AGEs, unlike serum levels of CML, are associated with heart stiffness in patients with type 1 diabetes, possibly mediated by the cross-linking properties of AGEs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Aker University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. t.j.berg@ioks.uio.no
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Snorgaard
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Faber
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Torjesen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hildebrandt
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mehlsen
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Hanssen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000097:blood*; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013599:Systole; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002784:Cholesterol; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D003094:Collagen; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced