title: Impaired granulocyte formylpeptide-induced superoxide generation in chronically ill, malnourished, elderly patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), often occurring in patients with chronic disease, is associated with a decreased capacity to combat infections. In this study we assessed polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) superoxide anion (*O2-) formation in elderly PEM patients with various chronic diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen patients (75+/-1 years), with body mass index 17.1+/-0.4, and 19 age-matched healthy controls were included. Fourteen patients and 14 controls were re-examined in a 3 month follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  A service of internal medicine at a university-affiliated hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight patients were prescribed a dietary liquid supplementation during the observation period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Superoxide production in PMN induced by fMLP (a receptor ligand) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), which acts directly on protein kinase C.
  
  
  RESULTS
  fMLP-induced superoxide generation in the malnourished patients was 55+/-5% of that of the controls. However, the patients retained their capacity, 108+/-6% of control PMN generation, to respond to PMA. In those who received formula supplementation, fMLP-generated *O2- production levels were 48+/-8 and 73+/-13% (P = 0.12) of those of controls at the start and after 3 months, respectively. Corresponding figures in those who were not prescribed supplementation were 57+/-8 and 64+/-4% (P = 0.55).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Possibly contributing to reduced host defence, receptor ligand-induced PMN generation of *O2 is significantly lower in chronically ill, elderly patients with PEM than in age-matched healthy controls.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Medicine, Centre for Inflammation and Haematology Research, Huddinge University Hospital, Sweden. tommy.cederholm@ger.svso.sll.se
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cederholm
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gyllenhammar
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism*; D011502:Protein-Energy Malnutrition / Q000378:metabolism*; D044042:Receptors, Formyl Peptide; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000378:metabolism*; D018000:Receptors, Peptide / Q000378:metabolism*; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D044042:Receptors, Formyl Peptide; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D018000:Receptors, Peptide; D013481:Superoxides; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate