title: Foetal loss in dairy goats: function of the adrenal glands, corpus luteum and the foetal-placental unit.
abstract: To investigate the causes and mechanisms of foetal loss in Norwegian dairy goats, blood parameters in 40 goats that lost foetuses were compared with those in 40 goats that experienced a normal pregnancy. High mean levels of 15-ketodihydro-PGF2alpha, and low mean levels of oestrone sulphate throughout pregnancy were associated with foetal loss. The mean oestrone sulphate level was low before abortion, and the distinct peak that occurred at parturition in the control goats was not observed in connection with abortion. Association of other blood parameters with foetal loss was not detected. Infectious agents and toxins did not appear to be major causes of foetal loss in this study. The normal level of progesterone and cortisol in goats with foetal loss indicated that the function of the corpus luteum and adrenal glands, respectively, were not disturbed. The rapid decline in progesterone level associated with foetal loss may therefore be a result, rather than the cause, of foetal death. The lowered level of oestrone sulphate and elevated level of 15-ketodihydro-PGF2alpha in goats with foetal loss clearly indicated that the endocrine foetal-placental function was disturbed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproduction and Forensic Medicine, The Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Oslo. inge.engeland@veths.no
authors.forename: I V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Engeland
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ropstad
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kindahl
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Andresen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Waldeland
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tverdal
mesh_terms: D000034:Abortion, Veterinary / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000818:Animals; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003338:Corpus Luteum / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D004970:Estrone / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005969:Glutamate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D006041:Goats / Q000502:physiology*; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009664:Norway; D010920:Placenta / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000662:veterinary; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D011863:Radioimmunoassay / Q000662:veterinary; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis; D012712:Serum Globulins / Q000032:analysis; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D012709:Serum Albumin; D012712:Serum Globulins; C008228:15-keto-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin F2alpha; D004970:Estrone; D011374:Progesterone; D015237:Dinoprost; D005969:Glutamate Dehydrogenase; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase; D006854:Hydrocortisone