title: Cellular signalling and free-radical modulating activities of the novel peptidomimetic L-glutamyl-histamine.
abstract: A novel histamine-containing peptidomimetic, L-glutamyl-histamine (L-Glu-Hist), has been synthesized and characterized as a possible cytokine mimic which might lead to cellular responses of improved specificity. The energy-minimized 3-D conformations of L-Glu-Hist derived from its chemical structure stabilize Fe2+-chelating complexes. L-Glu-Hist concentration-dependently accelerates a decrease in ferrous iron in ferrous sulfate solution and shows ferroxidase-like activity at concentrations less than 3 mM in the phenanthroline assay, whereas in the concentration range 3-20 mM it restricts the availability of Fe2+ to phenanthroline by chelation of iron ions. At low concentrations (less than or about 1 mM), L-Glu-Hist stimulates peroxidation of phosphatidylcholine in liposomes catalyzed by a superoxide anion radical (O2)-generating system (Fe2+ + ascorbate) and, at high concentrations (*10 mM), it suppresses lipid peroxidation (LPO) in liposomes. The stimulation of LPO by L-Glu-Hist is related to its ability at low concentrations (*0.05 mM) to release O2 free radicals as determined by the superoxide dismutase-inhibitable reduction of cytochrome c. The release of O2 by L-Glu-Hist might result from its ferroxidase-like activity, while its inhibition of LPO is due to chelation of Fe2+, prevention of the formation of free radicals, and degradation of lipid hydroperoxides at 5-20 mM L-Glu-Hist concentrations. L-Glu-Hist releases O2 at concentrations which stimulate [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA and proliferation of mouse spleen lymphocytes and also of mononuclear cells from human blood. The induction of lymphocyte proliferation by L-Glu-Hist is dose-dependent in the 0.01-0.05 mM concentration range, although the maximal stimulation of LPO in the O2-dependent system is observed at higher L-Glu-Hist concentrations (*1 mM). Thus, low concentrations of oxygen free radicals released by L-Glu-Hist may provide a very fast, specific, and sensitive trigger for lymphocyte proliferation and immunoregulation.
authors.affiliation: Moscow Helmholtz Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Russia.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Babizhayev
authors.forename: Y A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Semiletov
authors.forename: Y A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Lul'kin
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Sakina
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Savel'yeva
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Deyev
authors.forename: L I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Alimbarova
authors.forename: I F
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Barinskii
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nicolay
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Paillet
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Langrand
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Seguin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008958:Models, Molecular; D018716:Molecular Mimicry; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011487:Protein Conformation; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007502:Iron Chelating Agents; D009842:Oligopeptides; C120432:glutamyl-histamine; D013481:Superoxides