title: The tyrosine kinase c-Abl regulates p73 in apoptotic response to cisplatin-induced DNA damage.
abstract: Cancer chemotherapeutic agents such as cisplatin exert their cytotoxic effect by inducing DNA damage and activating programmed cell death (apoptosis). The tumour-suppressor protein p53 is an important activator of apoptosis. Although p53-deficient cancer cells are less responsive to chemotherapy, their resistance is not complete, which suggests that other apoptotic pathways may exist. A p53-related gene, p73, which encodes several proteins as a result of alternative splicing, can also induce apoptosis. Here we show that the amount of p73 protein in the cell is increased by cisplatin. This induction of p73 is not seen in cells unable to carry out mismatch repair and in which the nuclear enzyme c-Abl tyrosine kinase is not activated by cisplatin. The half-life of p73 is prolonged by cisplatin and by co-expression with c-Abl tyrosine kinase; the apoptosis-inducing function of p73 is also enhanced by the c-Abl kinase. Mouse embryo fibroblasts deficient in mismatch repair or in c-Abl do not upregulate p73 and are more resistant to killing by cisplatin. Our results indicate that c-Abl and p73 are components of a mismatch-repair-dependent apoptosis pathway which contributes to cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0322, USA.
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Costanzo
authors.forename: H Q
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Melino
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Kaelin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Levrero
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D020137:Base Pair Mismatch; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004247:DNA / Q000187:drug effects; D004249:DNA Damage; D004260:DNA Repair; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016315:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-abl / Q000378:metabolism*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D000072160:Tumor Protein p73; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C000606460:TP73 protein, human; C000606368:Trp73 protein, mouse; D000072160:Tumor Protein p73; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D004247:DNA; D016315:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-abl; D002945:Cisplatin