title: Secondary hormonal manipulations in hormone refractory prostate cancer.
abstract: Hormone refractory prostate cancer is clinically heterogeneous, and many patients retain sensitivity to subsequent hormonal manipulations, even after combined androgen blockage. Antiandrogen withdrawal is a mandatory first step. Subsequent treatment with an alternate antiandrogen, adrenal androgen inhibitor (such as ketoconazole), or glucocorticoid may provide both subjective and objective clinical benefit in up to 65% of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Reese
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Small
mesh_terms: D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen