title: Cardiovascular and endocrine alterations after masturbation-induced orgasm in women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study investigated the cardiovascular, genital, and endocrine changes in women after masturbation-induced orgasm because the neuroendocrine response to sexual arousal in humans is equivocal.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy women (N = 10) completed an experimental session, in which a documentary film was observed for 20 minutes, followed by a pornographic film for 20 minutes, and another documentary for an additional 20 minutes. Subjects also participated in a control session, in which participants watched a documentary film for 60 minutes. After subjects had watched the pornographic film for 10 minutes in the experimental session, they were asked to masturbate until orgasm. Cardiovascular (heart rate and blood pressure) and genital (vaginal pulse amplitude) parameters were monitored continuously throughout testing. Furthermore, blood was drawn continuously for analysis of plasma concentrations of adrenaline, noradrenaline, cortisol, prolactin, luteinizing hormone (LH), beta-endorphin, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone, progesterone, and estradiol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Orgasm induced elevations in cardiovascular parameters and levels of plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline. Plasma prolactin substantially increased after orgasm, remained elevated over the remainder of the session, and was still raised 60 minutes after sexual arousal. In addition, sexual arousal also produced small increases in plasma LH and testosterone concentrations. In contrast, plasma concentrations of cortisol, FSH, beta-endorphin, progesterone, and estradiol were unaffected by orgasm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sexual arousal and orgasm produce a distinct pattern of neuroendocrine alterations in women, primarily inducing a long-lasting elevation in plasma prolactin concentrations. These results concur with those observed in men, suggesting that prolactin is an endocrine marker of sexual arousal and orgasm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Psychology, University Clinic Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Exton
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bindert
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Krüger
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Scheller
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schedlowski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000097:blood*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008418:Masturbation; D009948:Orgasm / Q000502:physiology*; D010991:Plethysmography; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood*; D012016:Reference Values; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D014621:Vagina / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines; D013739:Testosterone; D011388:Prolactin; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone