title: Reference doses for dental radiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish reference doses for use within dental radiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis, single centre.
  
  
  METHODS
  UK General Dental Practice, 1995-1998.
  
  
  METHODS
  A statistical analysis was performed on the results from NRPB evaluations of dental x-ray equipment within general practice. The third quartile patient entrance dose was determined from 6,344 assessments of intra-oral x-ray equipment. The third quartile dose-width product was determined from 387 assessments of panoramic x-ray equipment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The third quartile patient entrance dose for an adult mandibular molar intra-oral radiograph is 3.9 mGy. The third quartile dose-width product for a standard adult panoramic radiograph is 66.7 mGy mm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NRPB recommends the adoption of reference doses of 4 mGy for an adult mandibular molar intra-oral radiograph and 65 mGy mm for a standard adult panoramic radiograph. These reference values can be used as a guide to accepted clinical practice. Where radiography is carried out using doses above these reference values, a thorough review of radiographic practice should be made to either improve techniques, or justify keeping the current techniques. However, attainment of doses at or below the reference values cannot be construed as achievement of optimum performance; further dose reductions below the reference value are still practicable.
authors.affiliation: NRPB Dental X-ray Protection Services, National Radiological Protection Board, Cookridge, Leeds.
authors.forename: I D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Napier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011861:Radiography, Dental / Q000592:standards*; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic / Q000592:standards; D012015:Reference Standards; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D006113:United Kingdom