title: Longitudinal distribution of chlorine absorption in human airways: comparison of nasal and oral quiet breathing.
abstract: The fraction of an inspired chlorine (Cl2) bolus absorbed during a single breath (Lambda) was measured as a function of bolus penetration (VP) into the respiratory system of five male and five female nonsmokers during both nasal and oral breathing at a quiet respiratory flow of 250 ml/s. The correspondence between VP and specific anatomic landmarks was found for each subject by a combination of acoustic reflection and nitrogen washout measurements. For both nasal and oral breathing, Lambda reached approximately 0. 95 at the distal end of the upper airways and reached 1.00 within the lower conducting airways. The values of a regional mass transfer parameter computed from the Lambda-VP data indicated that the resistance to Cl2 diffusion in the airway mucosa was negligible compared with the diffusion resistance in the respired gas. Changing the peak inhaled Cl2 concentration from 0.5 to 3.0 parts/million did not significantly affect the distribution of Cl2 absorption, suggesting that the underlying mass transport and chemical reaction processes were linear with respect to Cl2 concentration.
authors.affiliation: Biological Transport Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nodelman
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ultman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000327:Adsorption; D000328:Adult; D002713:Chlorine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004058:Diffusion; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009058:Mouth Breathing / Q000378:metabolism*; D012119:Respiration; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002713:Chlorine