title: Genetic heterogeneity for familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in Chinese: analysis of six Chinese kindreds.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHCM) is a primary myocardial disease characterized by unexplained ventricular hypertrophy. The application of the techniques of reverse genetics has identified at least five chromosomal loci as the major causes for FHCM in diverse ethnic populations, suggesting substantial genetic heterogeneity for FHCM. Recently, the defective gene loci of two Chinese families with FHCM have been mapped to chromosome 11 and 14q1, respectively. For further understanding of the molecular basis of FHCM in Chinese, we analyzed the linkage between four other Chinese kindreds and DNA markers from chromosome 14q1.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six unrelated Chinese families with FHCM, including two previously reported, were studied. Totally 90 family members were included for analysis. DNA from 80 individuals was extracted and polymerase chain reactions were performed using the primers designed according to the sequences derived from the alpha and beta myosin heavy chain gene. Totally four polymorphisms were studied, including three polymorphic microsatellite sequences and one single strand conformation polymorphism. Genetic linkage analysis were performed using the Linkage program.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the six studied families, 39 of the 90 family members were found to be affected diagnosed either by echocardiography or by clinical evaluation. The pattern of inheritance in all six studied families was most consistent with an autosomal dominant trait with a high degree of penetrance. Genetic linkage analysis using polymorphisms on the alpha and beta MHC genes showed a combined maximal lod score of 6.2 for trinucleotide repeat polymorphism AMHC-I 15 at theta = 0.00 for three studied families without recombination. Exclusion of linkage to the chromosome 14q1 location was noted in two of three other families with the maximal lod score of -2 or less.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results provide further evidence that FHCM in Chinese is genetically heterogeneous. Chromosome 14q1 locus, probably the beta myosin heavy chain gene, is important as the molecular basis for FHCM in Chinese.
authors.affiliation: First Cardiovascular Division, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, China.
authors.forename: Y L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Lien
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Liew
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D044466:Asian People; D002312:Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic / Q000235:genetics*; D002681:China; D002883:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D018740:Genetic Heterogeneity; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains / Q000235:genetics; D010375:Pedigree
chemical_list: D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains