title: Food allergy and Helicobacter pylori infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Most antigens reach the immune system through mucosae. Gastrointestinal mucosa is a barrier for alimentary antigens. Inflammatory processes, such as Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis, could alter the integrity of the gastric barrier, increase the mucosal permeability, and enhance crossing of food antigens which may stimulate allergic reactions.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to establish whether patients with symptomatic food allergy and detectable immunoglobulin E (IgE) to alimentary antigens were infected by Helicobacter pylori more often than controls, and to determine the phenotype of the infecting Helicobacter pylori.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-eight consecutive patients with symptomatic food allergy and serum IgE to alimentary antigens, and 53 consecutive age-matched controls (subjects without food allergy and detectable levels of IgE anti-alimentary antigens) living in the same area and attending the same institution were investigated serologically to determine the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection, and an immune response to CagA, a marker of the most pathogenic strains. IgE to alimentary allergens were measured by a commercial kit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with food allergy and controls was similar (42.1% and 47.1%, respectively). Anti-CagA antibodies in Helicobacter pylori-infected persons were detected in 62.5% of patients with food allergy, and 28.0% of controls (p = 0.030, odds ratio = 4.29, RR = 2.23). The mean IgE level to the most common alimentary antigens was increased in CagA-positive, with respect to the CagA-negative, patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The enhanced mucosal and inflammatory lesions commonly found in individuals infected by CagA-positive Helicobacter pylori strains could increase the epithelial permeability and render non-selective the passage of allergens which, in atopic persons, could directly stimulate an IgE response. Infection by CagA-positive Helicobacter pylori may increase the risk of food allergy.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Internal Medicine, University of Siena, Italy. figura@unisi.it
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Figura
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perrone
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gennari
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Orlandini
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bianciardi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Giannace
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vaira
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vagliasinti
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rottoli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D005512:Food Hypersensitivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D012698:Serologic Tests
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D007073:Immunoglobulin E