title: A novel mutation in the gene for the adult skeletal muscle sodium channel alpha-subunit (SCN4A) that causes paramyotonia congenita of von Eulenburg.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Paramyotonia congenita (PMC) of von Eulenburg is an autosomal dominant muscular disease characterized by exercise- and cold-induced myotonia and weakness. To date, 18 missense mutations in the adult skeletal muscle sodium channel alpha-subunit (SCN4A) gene have been identified to cause a spectrum of muscular diseases, including PMC of von Eulenburg, PMC without cold paralysis, potassium-aggravating myotonia, and hyperkalemic periodic paralysis. However, no obvious correlations can be made between the location or nature of amino acid substitutions in SCN4A and its clinical phenotypes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe clinical and genetic features of a family with PMC of von Eulenburg.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A Japanese family with cold-induced myotonia and weakness was diagnosed as having PMC of von Eulenburg. This phenotype was identified to be caused by a novel mutation that substituted a glutamic acid residue for a highly conserved glycine residue in the fourth transmembrane segment (S4) of domain IV. This predicted a decrease in positive charge specific for the S4.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In addition to the G1456E identified in this study, 4 mutations that cause a decrease in positive charge in the S4/D4 are associated with the phenotype of PMC of von Eulenburg. This provides an important genotype-phenotype correlation in sodium channelopathies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Japan.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kamakura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaida
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuzuhara
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsuji
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D003080:Cold Temperature; D005091:Exons; D005260:Female; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D009224:Myotonia Congenita / Q000235:genetics*; D062553:NAV1.4 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel; D010375:Pedigree; D010641:Phenotype; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D015222:Sodium Channels / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D062553:NAV1.4 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel; C106251:SCN4A protein, human; D015222:Sodium Channels