title: Neuromuscular blockers.
abstract: The use of corrosive, injectable neuromuscular blockers has been a treatment option for many years; however, the more recent advent of botulinum toxin (BTX) treatment has revived interest in localized treatments. This article reviews the use of local anesthetics, alcohol, phenol, and BTX treatment for localized muscular overactivity syndromes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York, USA. jean-michel.gracies@smtplink.mssm.edu
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gracies
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Simpson
mesh_terms: D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000009:adverse effects; D009468:Neuromuscular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000473:pathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local