title: Immune responses to Aspergillus antigen in IL-4-/-mice and the effect of eosinophil ablation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Exposure to Aspergillus fumigatus allergens results in enhanced total serum IgE and peripheral blood eosinophils in mice. The associated pulmonary inflammation and immunologic responses are comparable to those detected in human allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Allergen-induced cytokines are thought to regulate the inflammatory and immune responses in these animals.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present study, we exposed C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice to A. fumigatus antigen. Both wild-type and IL-4 knockout phenotypes of animals of both strains were used. Some animals were also treated with anti-IL-5 or anti-IFN-gamma. Total serum IgE, Aspergillus species IgG subclass, peripheral blood eosinophils, and lung histology were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results demonstrate similar lung inflammation in all wild-type and IL-4-/- animals exposed to A. fumigatus antigen. Similarly, in spite of the diverse immune response produced by the anticytokine treatment, no major differences were detected among any of the animal groups studied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It can be concluded that A. fumigatus exposure in an immunologically unaltered host is predominantly of a Th2 type, and that depletion of the Th2 cytokine leads to a similar lung inflammation but with a characteristic Th1 response, suggesting that the pathogenesis of allergic aspergillosis is the result of multiple induction pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, VA Medical Center, Milwaukee 53295, USA.
authors.forename: V P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Kurup
authors.forename: H Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Murali
authors.forename: J Q
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Coffman
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Fink
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000946:Antigens, Fungal / Q000276:immunology*; D001229:Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary / Q000276:immunology*; D001232:Aspergillus fumigatus / Q000276:immunology*; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000276:immunology*; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000145:classification; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000276:immunology*; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout
chemical_list: D000946:Antigens, Fungal; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007073:Immunoglobulin E