title: Endogenous levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, but not other sex hormones, are associated with depressed mood in older women: the Rancho Bernardo Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine whether endogenous steroid hormone levels are associated with depressed mood in community-dwelling older women.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional population-based study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rancho Bernardo, California
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 699 non-estrogen using, community-dwelling, postmenopausal women (aged 50 to 90 years) from the Rancho Bernardo cohort who were screened for depressed mood and had plasma obtained for steroid hormone assays in 1984-1987.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma levels of total and bioavailable (non-SHBG-bound) estradiol and testosterone, estrone, androstenedione, cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone, and (DHEA) and its sulfate (DHEAS) were measured by radioimmunoassay. Mood and depression were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only DHEAS levels were significantly and inversely associated with depressed mood, and the association was independent of age, physical activity, and weight change (P = .0002). Age, sedentary lifestyle, and weight loss were positively associated with depressed mood. Alcohol intake, cigarette smoking, marital status, type of menopause, and season of testing were unassociated with depressed mood. A subset of 31 women with categorically defined depression had lower DHEAS levels compared with 93 age-matched nondepressed women (1.17 +/- 1.08 vs 1.57 +/- .98 micromol/L; P = .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results add to the evidence that DHEA/S is a neuroactive steroid and point to the need for careful long-term clinical trials of DHEA therapy in older women with depressed mood.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla 92093-0607, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barrett-Connor
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: von Mühlen
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Laughlin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kripke
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000097:blood* / Q000523:psychology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D019314:Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate / Q000097:blood*; D003863:Depression / Q000097:blood* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000097:blood / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D019314:Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate