title: Elevated and biallelic expression of p73 is associated withprogression of human bladder cancer.
abstract: p73, a member of the p53 family at 1p36.3, has been demonstrated to be expressed monoallelically and induce apoptosis or G1 arrest of the cell cycle. To explore the candidacy of p73 as a suppressor in bladder tumorigenesis, we examined expression level, allelic origin, and mutation of p73 mRNA in 45 primary bladder carcinomas. Quantitative PCR analysis showed no allelic loss of the gene but showed various levels of mRNA expression in both carcinoma and noncancerous tissues. Elevated expression of p73 was frequently observed in carcinoma tissues [18 (40.0%) of 45] and showed a strong correlation with tumor stage or grade. Allotyping analysis using a StyI polymorphism detected biallelic expression in 12 (52.2%) of 23 heterozygous carcinomas but none in 4 noncancerous tissues. Tumor-specific biallelic expression was also identified from one matched set. In addition, 8 (66.7%) of these 12 expressed high levels of p73 mRNA, whereas only 2 (18.2%) of 11 monoallelic expressors showed high expression, which suggests that the increased expression of p73 might be caused by the transcriptional activation of a silent allele in carcinomas. Single-strand conformational polymorphism analysis of the entire coding region of p73 revealed no mutation, whereas 12 (26.7%) of the same set showed p53 alterations. No relationship between expression of p73 and p53 mutation or expression of p21Waf1 or MDM2 was identified. Taken together, our data argue that p73 does not play a role as a tumor suppressor in bladder carcinogenesis and suggest that the activation of a silent allele may contribute to the progression of bladder tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Kohwang Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. chi6302@nuri.net
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D018450:Disease Progression; D015870:Gene Expression; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D000072160:Tumor Protein p73; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000378:metabolism; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C000606460:TP73 protein, human; D000072160:Tumor Protein p73; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins