title: Immature oocyte retrieval with in-vitro oocyte maturation.
abstract: Early studies of in-vitro fertilization used immature oocytes. The process evolved to retrieving metaphase II oocytes, and was eventually successful. At present, aggressive ovulation induction protocols are the mainstay of assisted reproductive technology programs, but not without increased cost, multiple gestations, morbidity, potential future risks and isolated mortalities. The ability to retrieve each month's cohort of immature oocytes transvaginally opened the door to search for a new option for infertile couples requiring assisted reproductive technology. Immature oocyte retrieval combined with in-vitro oocyte maturation eliminates the stimulation, costs and time that were required to monitor oocytes, along with the short- and long-term complications. The essential components are optimal maturation media and a synchronized endometrium in which the embryos transferred from a truncated follicular phase can implant. The process has been successful in several centers with an acceptable success rate when used in conjunction with a host uterus. Future research with maturation, culture, and endometrial synchronization may allow immature oocyte retrieval with in-vitro oocyte maturation to replace in-vitro fertilization in its present form.
authors.affiliation: Center for Human Reproduction, Newark, Delaware 19713, USA.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Russell
mesh_terms: D015925:Cryopreservation; D046508:Culture Techniques; D004717:Endometrium / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006801:Humans; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000502:physiology; D009865:Oocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*