title: Insulin-induced desensitization of extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation results from an inhibition of Raf activity independent of Ras activation and dissociation of the Grb2-SOS complex.
abstract: Previous studies have suggested that the interaction between the small adaptor protein Grb2 with the Ras guanyl nucleotide exchange factor SOS is functionally important in the regulation of the Ras activation/inactivation cycle. To examine the relationship between the Grb2-SOS complex and Ras activation, we observed that insulin stimulation results in a rapid but transient activation of Ras and the extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) followed by dissociation of the Grb2-SOS complex. Although treatment with the phorbol myristate acetate resulted in ERK activation and complete dissociation of the Grb2-SOS complex, there was no effect on subsequent insulin-stimulated Ras activation. Similarly, insulin stimulation followed by insulin removal resulted in a time-dependent restoration of the Grb2-SOS complex but which was significantly slower than the recovery of insulin-stimulated Ras activation. In addition, although insulin was able to activate Ras under these conditions, there was a complete desensitization of Raf and ERK activation. This apparent homologous desensitization of insulin action was specific for Raf and ERK as the insulin re-stimulation of insulin receptor autophosphorylation and protein kinase B activation were unaffected. Together, these data demonstrate the presence of a pathway independent of the Grb2-SOS complex that can lead to Ras activation but that the desensitization of Raf accounts for the homologous desensitization of ERK.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, the University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1109, USA.
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Fucini
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Pessin
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006224:Cricetinae; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D051380:GRB2 Adaptor Protein; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D020663:ras Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D051380:GRB2 Adaptor Protein; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors; D007328:Insulin; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D011506:Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D020663:ras Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D018631:ras Proteins; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate