title: Physiological studies of the corticomotor projection to the hand after subcortical stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The mechanisms which lead to recovery of motor function after a stroke are poorly understood. Functional reorganization of cortical motor centres is thought to be one of the factors which may contribute to recovery. We have investigated the extent of reorganization which occurs at the level of the primary motor cortex after a lesion of the corticospinal pathway.
  
  
  METHODS
  Transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to map the topography of the primary corticomotor projection to the abductor pollicis brevis muscle and study changes in cortical motor thresholds and corticospinal conduction in a group of 20 subjects with subcortical infarcts of varying duration (1 week to 15 years) and varying degrees of motor deficit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a broad correlation between motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude and motor thresholds on the one hand and the severity of motor deficit and site and extent of the lesion on the other. Shifts in the cortical motor maps were found in both early and late cases, irrespective of the site of the lesion, but were more frequent in the longer standing cases. Shifts were usually along the mediolateral axis but anteroposterior shifts were found in some late cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicate that there is functional reorganization of the corticomotor projection in subjects who regain a degree of motor control following a subcortical lesion sparing the motor cortex.
authors.affiliation: Australian Neuromuscular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Byrnes
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Thickbroom
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: F L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Mastaglia
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004576:Electromyography; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand / Q000294:innervation*; D006801:Humans; D008280:Magnetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009132:Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology