title: Pharmacologic causes of female incontinence.
abstract: The etiology of female urinary incontinence is complex and multifactorial. Many medications have adverse effects on the lower urinary tract, including the promotion of incontinence in certain women. Medications may cause incontinence through three main mechanisms: decreased intraurethral pressure, increased intravesical pressure, and indirect effects on the lower urinary tract. Careful adjustments of a patient's medications based on a knowledge of pharmacologic mechanisms of action may restore continence in some women.
authors.affiliation: Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson AFB, USA.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Steele
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kohli
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mallipeddi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karram
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008487:Medical History Taking; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D014551:Urinary Tract / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000187:drug effects