title: The influence of eye solutions on blinking and ocular comfort at rest and during work at video display terminals.
abstract: The aim of this work was to study blink frequency changes and levels of ocular discomfort during work at a video display terminal, and the effects on these parameters of augmented or reduced humidification of the ocular surface. Blink rate was measured from recordings of the electrical signal evoked by the contraction of the orbicularis oculi muscle. Blink rate and interblink intervals were analyzed at rest and during performance of a task with a computer (playing a card game) for 10 or 30 min in steady environmental conditions and during application of a continuous stream of air to the face. In two separate sessions, the effect of pretreatment with humidifying ocular solutions of different elastoviscosity (balanced salt solution or elastoviscous 0.1% Hylan A solution) was assayed. At the end of each experimental period, the subjects marked the level of ocular discomfort experienced on a 0-10 cm visual analogue scale. The blink frequency at rest (12.4+/-1.2 blinks min-1) was reduced significantly (to 10.3+/-1.1 blinks min-1) by pretreatment with elastoviscous eyedrops both with and without air applied to the face. This effect was not obtained with balanced salt solution. During performance of the visual task for 10 or 30 min, basal blink rate decreased significantly, to about 40% of the control value. Neither application of an air jet on the face nor application of eye solutions of different viscosity modified this reduced blink rate.A low degree of ocular discomfort developed after performance of the visual task that was enhanced by air application to the face. This discomfort was reduced by pretreatment with ocular solutions, the elastoviscous eye solution being more efficient than the balanced salt solution. Interblink interval duration was also more regular after treatment with the elastoviscous solution. These data suggest that blink rate at rest is maintained in part by activation of sensory receptors of the cornea and conjunctiva, which are stimulated by desiccation of the ocular surface. Reduction of eye blink frequency elicited by the performance of a visual task with a computer appears to depend on central neural mechanisms that are quite independent of peripheral sensory inputs. The reduction of blink frequency consecutive to computer use was associated with a sensation of discomfort that was attenuated more effectively by elastoviscous eyedrops than by regular balanced salt solution.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, 03550, Spain.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Acosta
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gallar
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Belmonte
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001767:Blinking / Q000187:drug effects*; D016288:Computer Terminals; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid