title: Pharmacokinetics of etoposide after intrathoracic instillation to lung cancer patients with pleural effusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine etoposide (VP16) levels in serum and pleural effusion after intravenous infusion or intrathoracic instillation to lung cancer patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four patients were administered VP16 by intrathoracic instillation and three patients were administered it intravenously. Serum, urine, and pleural effusion were collected and VP16 levels in the biological fluids were determined by HPLC. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  VP16 distributed rapidly into pleural effusion after intravenous infusion. In two of three patients, VP16 levels in pleural effusion were maintained at constant levels more than 24 hours in spite of the decline in serum VP16 levels. After intrathoracic instillation, VP16 in pleural effusion reached high levels and eliminated slowly. Serum levels of VP16 were relatively low compared with those in pleural effusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was demonstrated that intrathoracic instillation of VP16 might be useful for managing malignant pleural effusion and reducing systemic side-effects by cutting down the dose.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University Dental Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yokouchi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saitoh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakabayashi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mino
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Honma
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirano
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000368:Aged; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016066:Pleural Effusion, Malignant / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D005047:Etoposide