title: Patterns of DST positivity in remitted affective disorders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While the Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST) has been extensively used in cross-sectional observations of patients with major affective disorders, studies have tended to ignore the longitudinal application of the DST in patients stabilized on long-term prophylactic medication.
  
  
  METHODS
  Monthly DST's were performed on 19 patients, 16 with bipolar disorder and 3 with recurrent major depression. All cases had an excellent response to lithium treatment, and family history positive for bipolar disorder. The average duration of observation was 4 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients remained clinically stable throughout the period of observation. Eleven patients showed intermittent DST positivity ranging from 10% to 60% of tests, and 2 patients exhibited no positivity. Six patients had fewer than 10% positive DST's. Females showed significantly higher positivity than males. The frequency of positivity did not correlate with current age, age of illness onset, duration of illness, duration of lithium treatment, or season. The risk of primary affective disorders in first-degree relatives was also unrelated to the frequency of positivity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While the highly selected and small sample population limits generalizability, our observations suggest that clinically sufficient lithium prophylaxis does not automatically prevent intermittent HPA dysregulation. We hope that a better understanding of this phenomenon will offer new approaches to the long-term management of mood disorders.
authors.affiliation: Royal Ottawa Hospital, Canada.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Deshauer
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grof
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alda
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grof
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018692:Antimanic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D003907:Dexamethasone; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D006801:Humans; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000187:drug effects; D008094:Lithium / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000187:drug effects; D012074:Remission Induction; D012621:Seasons; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D018692:Antimanic Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D003907:Dexamethasone; D008094:Lithium