title: Profile of cardiac tamponade in the medical emergency ward of a North Indian hospital.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the profile of patients presenting to the medical emergency ward with cardiac tamponade.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary care hospital in North India.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients (19 men and 11 women) presenting to the medical emergency ward with cardiac tamponade from March 1, 1995 to March 31, 1997.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age was 36.5+/-7.6 years for the men and 34+/-12.4 years for the women. Breathlessness, fever, cough, chest pain and easy fatigability were present in 97%, 90%, 70%, 57% and 37% of patients, respectively. Etiologically, tuberculosis accounted for 60%, malignant disease for 33% and hypothyroidism for 7% of cases of cardiac tamponade. Echocardiographically guided pericardiocentesis was carried out in all patients without any complications. Six patients underwent catheter pericardial drainage and, of these, four required pericardiostomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tuberculosis ranked as the most common cause of cardiac tamponade in Northern India, followed by malignancy. Therapeutically, echocardiographically guided pericardiocentesis for cardiac tamponade is a safe and effective procedure. For those with recurrent pericardial effusions, catheter pericardial drainage is a safe option until the underlying cause can be treated or surgery planned.
authors.affiliation: Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Varma
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rajwanshi
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Sharma
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002305:Cardiac Tamponade / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004452:Echocardiography; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010490:Pericardial Effusion / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology