title: The influence of L-triiodothyronine, L-thyroxine, estradiol-17beta, the luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone, the epidermal growth factor and gastrin on cell proliferation in organ cultures of 35 benign and 13 malignant human thyroid tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the influence of six factors on human thyroid tissues at the cell-proliferation level. These six factors were the epidermal growth factor (EGF), the luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), triiodothyronine, thyroxine, estradiol and gastrin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight human thyroid specimens were obtained from surgical resection and maintained alive for 48 h ex vivo (in vitro) under organotypic culture conditions. These specimens comprised 35 benign cases (17 multinodular goiters and 18 adenomas) and 13 cancers. Cell proliferation in the control and treated conditions (at a 5 nM dose) was assessed by means of the thymidine labeling index, which enables the percentage of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle to be determined in accordance with autoradiographic procedures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results show that, of the six factors tested here, EGF significantly (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001) increased cell proliferation in the greatest number of cancers as compared to what happened with the remaining five. Each of these six factors significantly increased or decreased proliferative cell activity in some 10%-30% of the cases under study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Triiodothyronine, thyroxine, LHRH and gastrin may increase or decrease cell proliferation in human thyroid tissues, whether benign or malignant, to the same extent as other hormones and/or growth factors such as thyrotropin, EGF, insulin-like growth factor 1, transforming growth factor beta1 and estradiol the effects of which on thyroid cell proliferation are already well documented in the literature.
authors.affiliation: Service d'Anatomopathologie, Cliniques Universitaires de Bruxelles, Hopital Erasme, Belgium.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nagy
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Camby
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Decaestecker
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chaboteaux
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gras
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Darro
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rocmans
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kiss
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Salmon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004958:Estradiol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005755:Gastrins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006728:Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D005755:Gastrins; D006728:Hormones; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D004958:Estradiol; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D013974:Thyroxine