title: Effects of radiotherapy and estramustine on the microvasculature in malignant glioma.
abstract: Tumour angiogenesis is essential for progression of solid tumours and constitutes an interesting target for therapy. However, impaired tumour blood supply may also be an important obstacle for treatment by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Estramustine has been shown to increase tumour blood flow and potentiate the effect of radiotherapy in experimental glioma. This study investigated the effects of fractionated radiotherapy and estramustine on angiogenesis in malignant glioma. The intracerebral BT4C rat glioma model was used and the animals were given whole brain radiotherapy 4 Gy x 5 days alone or in combination with estramustine 20 mg kg(-1) i.p. daily. Tumour microvascular density (MVD) was assessed by manual and computerized morphometrical analysis. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was studied by in situ hybridization. Radiotherapy decreased MVD to 157 vessels per mm2 compared to 217 vessels per mm2 in controls. Estramustine counteracted this anti-angiogenic effect and potentiated the anti-tumoural effect of radiotherapy. In addition, vessel size increased after estramustine treatment. Five days after completion of radiotherapy the expression of VEGF was increased in the centre of the tumours. In conclusion, fractionated radiotherapy decreases microvascular density in experimental malignant glioma. This effect was abolished by estramustine. The anti-vascular effect of irradiation is important to recognize when combining radiotherapy with cytotoxic drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Umeå University, Sweden.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Bergenheim
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Widmark
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Henriksson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000532:radiotherapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D004961:Estramustine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005910:Glioma / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000532:radiotherapy; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000378:metabolism; D008833:Microcirculation; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D008222:Lymphokines; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D004961:Estramustine