title: Can stroke patients use visual analogue scales?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Visual analogue scales (VAS) have been used for the subjective measurement of mood, pain, and health status after stroke. In this study we investigated how stroke-related impairments could alter the ability of subjects to answer accurately.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consent was obtained from 96 subjects with a clinical stroke (mean age, 72.5 years; 50 men) and 48 control subjects without cerebrovascular disease (mean age, 71.5 years; 29 men). Patients with reduced conscious level or severe dysphasia were excluded. Subjects were asked to rate the tightness that they could feel on the (unaffected) upper arm after 3 low-pressure inflations with a standard sphygmomanometer cuff, which followed a predetermined sequence (20 mm Hg, 40 mm Hg, 0 mm Hg). Immediately after each change, they rated the perceived tightness on 5 scales presented in a random order: 4-point rating scale (none, mild, moderate, severe), 0 to 10 numerical rating scale, mechanical VAS, horizontal VAS, and vertical VAS. Standard tests recorded deficits in language, cognition, and visuospatial awareness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Inability to complete scales with the correct pattern was associated with any stroke (P<0.001). There was a significant association between success using scales and milder clinical stroke subtype (P<0.01). Within the stroke group, logistic regression analysis identified significant associations (P<0.05) between impairments (cognitive and visuospatial) and inability to complete individual scales correctly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many patients after a stroke are unable to successfully complete self-report measurement scales, including VAS.
authors.affiliation: North Tyneside General Hospital, Departments of Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK. C.I.M.PRICE@NCL.AC.UK
authors.forename: C I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Curless
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rodgers
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010147:Pain Measurement; D015203:Reproducibility of Results