title: Comparison of measurements obtained with hand files or the Canal Leader attached to electronic apex locators: an in vitro study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present in-vitro study was to combine directly the Canal Leader handpiece (SET, Olching, Germany) with the electronic apex locators ROOT ZX (Morita, Kyoto, Japan) and JUSTY (Yoshida, Tokyo, Japan) to find out whether the working length values thus obtained were identical to those resulting from the combination of the same electronic devices with hand files.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 50 natural extracted teeth with single canals and mature apices were used. A radiograph was used as a control and the distance from the radiographic apex to the tip of the file was measured and compared with the results of the electronic length determination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For both electronic devices the differences amongst the distribution of the measurements were not statistically significant under the specified conditions (P > 0.05), indicating that the measurements with hand files and with the Canal Leader were identical for the majority of the cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Under the conditions of this study the working length of canals obtained with electronically assisted hand files were similar to those obtained with the electronically assisted mechanical handpiece Canal Leader.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, University of Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Steffen
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Splieth
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Behr
mesh_terms: D003748:Dental Equipment; D003762:Dental Instruments; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006801:Humans; D009811:Odontometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019227:Tooth Apex; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000033:anatomy & histology