title: [Guidelines for the therapy of heart failure: importance of the treatment individualization].
abstract: Heart failure therapy has evolved significantly in recent years, allowing a prolonged survival and better quality of life. However, mortality and morbidity remain high, with enormous costs for the community. The incidence and prevalence of heart failure are increasing in Europe and the United States, predominantly in the elderly. The etiology of heart failure is different nowadays, with about 60% of the patients suffering from coronary artery disease. Modern treatment of heart failure involves general measures common to all patients, regardless of etiology, phase and NYHA class--etiological treatment, correction of precipitating factors, prevention, diet, programmed exercise and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition. However, the diversity of pathophysiological and etiopathogenic aspects, the symptom intensity and the severity of the disease require individualized therapy, which implies the wise management of a panoply of drugs, mechanical resources and surgery.
authors.affiliation: Clínica Universitária de Medicina I Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa Hospital São Francisco Xavier, Lisboa.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ceia
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011788:Quality of Life; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
vernacular_title: Normas na terapêutica da insuficiência cardíaca: importância da individualização no tratamento.