title: Prevalence of primary and acquired resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to antituberculosis drugs in Benin after 12 years of short-course chemotherapy.
abstract: METHODS
  Benin National Tuberculosis Programme, West Africa.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To measure the prevalence of primary and acquired resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to the antituberculosis drugs isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol and streptomycin in Benin from 1994-1995, after 12 years of short-course chemotherapy regimens.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study by cluster sampling according to the methodology recommended by the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD) and the World Health Organization (WHO).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The survey of primary resistance included 333 strains, of which 28 (8.4%) were drug-resistant, one to both rifampicin and isoniazid (multidrug-resistant). For acquired resistance, out of 57 strains tested 26 (45.6%) were resistant, six of which (11%) were multidrug-resistant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the considerable increase in the number of tuberculosis cases observed in recent years (52% between 1987 and 1995), direct observation of patients taking their antituberculosis drugs during the intensive phase of treatment has limited the development of drug resistance in Benin.
authors.affiliation: International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trébucq
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Anagonou
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gninafon
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lambregts
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Boulahbal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000349:Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003906:Developing Countries; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D015995:Prevalence; D017678:Sex Distribution; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents