title: Receptor-mediated Moloney murine leukemia virus entry can occur independently of the clathrin-coated-pit-mediated endocytic pathway.
abstract: To investigate receptor-mediated Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMuLV) entry, the green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged ecotropic receptor designated murine cationic amino acid transporter (MCAT-1) (MCAT-1-GFP) was constructed and expressed in 293 cells (293/MCAT-1-GFP). 293/MCAT-1-GFP cells displayed green fluorescence primarily at the cell membrane and supported wild-type levels of MoMuLV vector binding and transduction. Using immunofluorescence labeling and confocal microscopy, it was demonstrated that the surface envelope protein (SU) gp70 of MoMuLV virions began to appear inside cells 5 min after virus binding and was colocalized with MCAT-1-GFP. However, clathrin was not colocalized with MCAT-1-GFP, suggesting that MoMuLV entry, mediated by MCAT-1, does not involve clathrin. Double immunofluorescence labeling of SU and clathrin in 293 cells expressing untagged receptor (293/MCAT-1) gave the same results, i.e., SU and clathrin did not colocalize. In addition, we examined the transduction ability of MoMuLV vector on HeLa cells overexpressing the dominant-negative GTPase mutant of dynamin (K44A). HeLa cells overexpressing mutant dynamin have a severe block in endocytosis by the clathrin-coated-pit pathway. No significant titer difference was observed when MoMuLV vector was tranduced into HeLa cells overexpressing either wild-type or mutant dynamin, while the transduction ability of vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein pseudotyped vector into HeLa cells overexpressing mutant dynamin was decreased significantly. Taken together, these data suggest that MoMuLV entry does not occur through the clathrin-coated-pit-mediated endocytic pathway.
authors.affiliation: Gene Therapy Laboratories and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D026923:Amino Acid Transport Systems, Basic; D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D002499:Centrifugation, Density Gradient; D002966:Clathrin / Q000378:metabolism*; D003034:Coated Pits, Cell-Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D034281:Dynamins; D004705:Endocytosis; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008979:Moloney murine leukemia virus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D016296:Mutagenesis; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals; D051381:Rats; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015682:Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic / Q000378:metabolism; D013395:Sucrose; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D026923:Amino Acid Transport Systems, Basic; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D002966:Clathrin; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals; D011991:Receptors, Virus; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D015682:Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D013395:Sucrose; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases; D034281:Dynamins