title: 3-Thia fatty acid treatment, in contrast to eicosapentaenoic acid and starvation, induces gene expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-II in rat liver.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate the hepatic regulation and beta-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids in peroxisomes and mitochondria, after 3-thia- tetradecylthioacetic acid (C14-S-acetic acid) treatment. When palmitoyl-CoA and palmitoyl-L-carnitine were used as substrates, hepatic formation of acid-soluble products was significantly increased in C14-S-acetic acid treated rats. Administration of C14-S-acetic acid resulted in increased enzyme activity and mRNA levels of hepatic mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT)-II. CPT-II activity correlated with both palmitoyl-CoA and palmitoyl-L-carnitine oxidation in rats treated with different chain-length 3-thia fatty acids. CPT-I activity and mRNA levels were, however, marginally affected. The hepatic CPT-II activity was mainly localized in the mitochondrial fraction, whereas the CPT-I activity was enriched in the mitochondrial, peroxisomal, and microsomal fractions. In C14-S-acetic acid-treated rats, the specific activity of peroxisomal and microsomal CPT-I increased, whereas the mitochondrial activity tended to decrease. C14-S-Acetyl-CoA inhibited CPT-I activity in vitro. The sensitivity of CPT-I to malonyl-CoA was unchanged, and the hepatic malonyl-CoA concentration increased after C14-S-acetic acid treatment. The mRNA levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylase increased. In hepatocytes cultured from palmitic acid- and C14-S-acetic acid-treated rats, the CPT-I inhibitor etomoxir inhibited the formation of acid-soluble products 91 and 21%, respectively. In contrast to 3-thia fatty acid treatment, eicosapentaenoic acid treatment and starvation increased the mitochondrial CPT-I activity and reduced its malonyl-CoA sensitivity. Palmitoyl-L-carnitine oxidation and CPT-II activity were, however, unchanged after either EPA treatment or starvation. The results from this study open the possibility that the rate control of mitochondrial beta-oxidation under mitochondrion and peroxisome proliferation is distributed between an enzyme or enzymes of the pathway beyond the CPT-I site after 3-thia fatty acid treatment. It is suggested that fatty acids are partly oxidized in the peroxisomes before entering the mitochondria as acylcarnitines for further oxidation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Haukeland Hospital, University of Bergen, Norway. lise.madsen@ikb.uib.no
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Madsen
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Berge
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002334:Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase / Q000235:genetics*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D007700:Kinetics; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013217:Starvation; D013440:Sulfides / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013440:Sulfides; C062078:1-(carboxymethylthio)tetradecane; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid; D002334:Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase