title: Antibiotic combination therapy in patients with chronic, treatment-resistant pouchitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pouchitis is the major long-term complication after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis. About 15% of patients have a chronic, treatment-resistant disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of an antibiotic combination for chronic active, treatment-resistant pouchitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen patients were treated orally with rifaximin 1 g b.d. + ciprofloxacin 500 mg b.d. for 15 days. Symptoms assessment, endoscopic and histological evaluations were performed at screening and after 15 days using the Pouchitis Disease Activity Index (PDAI). Improvement was defined as a decrease of at least 3 points in PDAI score, and remission as a PDAI score of 0. Systemic absorption of rifaximin was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Faecal samples were collected before and after antibiotic treatment for stool culture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen out of 18 patients (88.8%) either improved (n=10) or went into remission (n=6); the median PDAI scores before and after therapy were 11 (range 9-17) and 4 (range 0-16), respectively (P < 0.002). No side-effects were reported. Rifaximin plasma levels and urinary excretion were negligible, confirming its mainly topical activity. A significant decrease in total anaerobes and aerobes, enterococci, lactobacilli, bifidobacteria and bacteroides in faecal samples was observed, while the reduction in number of coliforms and Clostridium perfringens did not reach a statistical significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A combination of rifaximin and ciprofloxacin was effective in patients with active chronic, treatment-resistant pouchitis, suggesting the need, in these patients, for treatment using antibiotic agents with wide antibacterial spectrum of activity.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Italy. paolo@med.unibo.it
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gionchetti
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rizzello
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Venturi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ugolini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brigidi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferrieri
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Poggioli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Campieri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019449:Pouchitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D012294:Rifamycins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000078262:Rifaximin
chemical_list: D012294:Rifamycins; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D000078262:Rifaximin