title: Negative signaling in health and disease.
abstract: Signal transduction induced by receptors can elicit intracellular biochemical events that either support or inhibit cell activation. Induction of the latter has been termed "negative signaling" and can be triggered by receptors on immune cells that are distinct from activating receptors while other growth-promoting receptors induce both positive and negative signaling events. Here, the biochemistry leading to cell activation or inhibition and induced by receptors on immune cells are reviewed. Furthermore, recent experimental evidence is reviewed that indicates an important contribution of negative signaling to the intracellular survival of infectious pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and the Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA. coggeshall.1@osu.edu
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Coggeshall
mesh_terms: D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D000072183:Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-Trisphosphate 5-Phosphatases; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D054592:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11; D053824:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011947:Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell / Q000276:immunology; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D011947:Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; C516724:PTPN11 protein, human; C509249:PTPN6 protein, human; D054592:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11; D053824:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; C098706:INPPL1 protein, human; D000072183:Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-Trisphosphate 5-Phosphatases