title: Clomipramine N-demethylation metabolism in human liver microsomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of cytochrome P-450 (CYP450) inhibitors on clomipramine (Clo) N-demethylation in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  The kinetic parameters of Clo N-demethylation in human liver microsomes were obtained by the Michaelis-Menten equation. The parameters after pretreatment with putative inhibitors of various CYP450 isoforms were compared with controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  K(m1), K(m2), Vmax1, Vmax2, Vmax1/K(m1), and Vmax2/K(m2) were (0.11 +/- 0.06), (24 +/- 14) mumol.L-1, (114 +/- 47), (428 +/- 188) nmol.g-1.min-1, (1.8 +/- 1.6), and (0.019 +/- 0.005) L.g-1.min-1, respectively. The interindividual variations for the last 4 parameters reached up to 2.5-, 7.3-, 3.4-, and 1.8-fold. At 5 mumol.L-1 of Clo, troleandomycin (Tro), furafylline (Fur), ditiocarb sodium (Dit), and S-mephenytoin (Mep) produced a marked inhibition on Clo N-demethylation while sulfaphenazole (Sul) and quinidine (Qui) had only slight effects. The inhibitory rates by Dit 30, Mep 500, Fur 10, Tro 10, Fur 80, Tro 200 and Fur 80 + Tro 200 mumol.L-1 were 27.0%, 32.9%, 42.8%, 40.5%, 63.9%, 66.4%, and 78.3%, respectively. The IC50 (95% confidence limits) for Fur and Tro were 27.7 (19.1-36.3) and 42.1 (20.9-63.3) mumol.L-1, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The N-demethylation of Clo exhibited a biphasic behavior. This reaction was mediated mainly by both CYP1A2 and CYP3A4, to a minor extent by CYP2C19 at the low concentration of Clo in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacogenetics Research Institute, Hunan Medical University, Changsha, China. hhzhou@public.c8.hn.cn
authors.forename: Z L
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Ou-Yang
authors.forename: Z H
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002997:Clomipramine / Q000378:metabolism*; D065609:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inhibitors; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008617:Mephenytoin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008745:Methylation; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D013806:Theophylline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D014217:Troleandomycin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D065609:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inhibitors; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D013806:Theophylline; C050131:furafylline; D014217:Troleandomycin; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; C104464:CYP3A protein, human; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; C510163:CYP3A4 protein, human; D002997:Clomipramine; D008617:Mephenytoin