title: Holmium:YAG laser transmyocardial revascularization relieves angina and improves functional status.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transmyocardial revascularization (TMR) surgery uses laser channeling of diseased myocardium to treat ischemia and angina. Rigorous prospective randomized studies have been previously unavailable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-three patients were randomized to a medication group and 43 to a group scheduled for TMR surgery and medication. All had advanced cardiac ischemia with CCSA class 3 or 4 angina, took at least 2 cardiac medications at maximum doses, and were ineligible for angioplasty or bypass.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-two of 43 TMR group patients received surgery and were discharged after hospitalizations averaging 3.2 days. Two suffered perioperative MIs, with one death. Four others died within 12 months of surgery, 3 from cardiac events and 1 from pneumonia. Five medical group patients died from cardiac events within 12 months. Three, 6, and 12 month exams showed angina class improvement in TMR patients compared to preoperative values (3.86 +/- 0.05 vs 1.71 +/- 0.2, P < 0.0001), and to controls at 12 months (3.77 +/- 0.07 vs 1.71 +/- 0.2, P < 0.0001). Exercise tolerance improved in TMR patients over preoperative values, and was better than medication group scores after 12 months (490 +/- 17 sec. vs 294 +/- 12 sec., p = 0.0002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Holmium:YAG laser channeling of the myocardium improves function and reduces angina in advanced cardiac patients who lack alternative therapeutic options.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA. jonesjw@health.missouri.edu
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Richman
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Sapire
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Burkhoff
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Baldwin
mesh_terms: D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D006695:Holmium; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015019:Yttrium
chemical_list: D015019:Yttrium; D006695:Holmium