title: Pediatric myocardial infarction after racemic epinephrine administration.
abstract: Myocardial infarction is a previously unreported complication of treatment with racemic epinephrine that is used commonly in the emergency department for severe respiratory distress in bronchiolitis or croup syndrome. We describe a pediatric patient who presented with the croup syndrome and severe respiratory distress that required multiple doses of nebulized racemic epinephrine in the emergency department. The patient developed ventricular tachycardia and mild chest discomfort during one treatment, which resolved spontaneously on discontinuation of the nebulization. Persistently abnormal electrocardiograms and elevated creatine phosphokinase MB isoenzyme (CPK-MB) levels suggested a myocardial infarction had occurred. Subsequent echocardiography, cardiac catheterization, and angiography revealed an anatomically normal heart with normal coronary circulation; however, a stress nuclear study showed a small myocardial infarct. The significance of this previously unreported complication of racemic epinephrine is discussed, along with recommendations for proper use in the emergency department.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Group in Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Butte
authors.forename: B X
authors.initials: BX
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Hutchison
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Wiggins
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Ziegler
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003440:Croup / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007536:Isomerism; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000139:chemically induced*; D064705:Racepinephrine
chemical_list: D064705:Racepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine