title: Hypervascular spinal tumors: influence of the embolization technique on perioperative hemorrhage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Corporectomy is an effective treatment for vertebral metastases; however, massive perioperative hemorrhage is often associated with this procedure. We compared preoperative particle, particle-coil, and coil embolizations of hypervascular spinal tumors prior to vertebral body replacement to determine which prevented perioperative hemorrhage most effectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  The vertebral tumors of 59 patients were embolized prior to corporectomy. In 26 cases, only coils were used for the proximal occlusion of feeding segmental arteries. Twenty-four patients received a combination of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles and coils, and nine tumors were embolized with particles alone. We compared intraoperative blood loss between the three groups and 10 other patients who did not undergo embolization prior to corporectomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Estimation of intraoperative hemorrhage showed a median value of 4350 mL in patients without embolization, 2650 mL in cases of coil embolization, 1850 mL in cases of particle-coil embolization, and 1800 mL in cases of particle embolization. The difference between unembolized patients and those who underwent coil embolization was not statistically significant. Particle and particle-coil embolizations showed very similar results, and reduced hemorrhage significantly as compared to unembolized and proximal coil occlusion cases. Residual bleeding came from the venous system and the neighborhood of the embolized region.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Particle embolization prior to corporectomy can reduce perioperative hemorrhage. The additional benefit of proximal coil occlusion of arterial feeders is questionable.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroradiology, Klinikum der Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Universität, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Berkefeld
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Scale
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kirchner
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Heinrich
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kollath
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002648:Child; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005781:Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol; D011300:Preoperative Care; D013125:Spinal Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol