title: Intraoperative radiofrequency ablation of chronic atrial fibrillation: a left atrial curative approach by elimination of anatomic "anchor" reentrant circuits.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The percutaneous approach to radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation for curative treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) is an investigational technique, and the optimal composition of lesion lines is unknown. We tested an intraoperative RF ablation concept with elimination of left atrial anatomic "anchor" reentrant circuits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 12 patients with an indication for valve surgery and chronic AF, a right atrial-transseptal approach was chosen for access to the left atrium. AF had been present for 4.3 +/- 3.9 years; the left atria measured 56 +/- 7 mm. Under direct vision, contiguous lesion lines were placed endocardially with temperature-guided RF energy applications for treatment of AF with a specially designed probe. The lesion lines were placed between the mitral annulus and the left lower pulmonary vein, further to the left upper pulmonary vein, from there to the right upper pulmonary vein, and finally to the right lower pulmonary vein. The antiarrhythmic ablation procedure lasted 19 +/- 4 minutes. One patient died postoperatively of low cardiac output. During follow-up of 11 +/- 6 months, chronic AF was ablated successfully in 9 of 11 patients (82%). Six patients were in stable sinus rhythm or intermittent pacemaker rhythm, and three patients were in sinus rhythm with intermittent atypical atrial flutter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraoperative RF energy application for induction of contiguous lesion lines is feasible. Elimination of anatomically defined "anchor" reentrant circuits within the left atrium prevented chronic AF in > 80% of the patients treated. Intraoperative validation of lesion line concepts for curative treatment of AF may be transferred to percutaneous ablation techniques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Hospital of the Westfälische Wilhelms-University, Münster, Germany. Kotth@medizin.uni-leipzig.de
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kottkamp
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hindricks
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hammel
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Autschbach
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mergenthaler
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Borggrefe
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Breithardt
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Mohr
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Scheld
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008875:Middle Aged