title: Combined effect of vegetable protein (soy) and soluble fiber added to a standard cholesterol-lowering diet.
abstract: Dietary treatment of hyperlipidemia focuses on reducing saturated fat and dietary cholesterol. Other aspects of diet are not emphasized at present, despite growing evidence that a number of plant components decrease serum cholesterol. We therefore determined whether a combination of two plant components, vegetable protein and soluble fiber, further reduce serum lipids when incorporated into the currently advocated low-saturated-fat diet. Thirty-one hyperlipidemic men and women ate two 1-month low-fat (<7% of total energy from saturated fat), low-cholesterol (<80 mg cholesterol/d) metabolic diets in a randomized crossover study. The major differences between test and control diets were an increased amount of vegetable protein (93% v 23% of total protein), of which 33 g/d was soy, and a doubling of soluble fiber. Fasting blood samples were obtained at the start and end of each phase. On the last 3 days of each phase, fecal collections were obtained. Compared with the low-fat control diet, the test diet decreased total cholesterol (6.2% +/- 1.2%, P < .001), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (6.7% +/- 1.7%, P < .001), apolipoprotein B (8.2% +/- 1.2%, P < .001), and the ratios of LDL to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (6.3% +/- 2.0%, P = .004) and apolipoprotein B to A-I (5.4% +/- 1.5%, P = .001). A combination of vegetable protein and soluble fiber significantly improved the lipid-lowering effect of a low-saturated-fat diet. The results support expanding the current dietary advice to include increased vegetable protein and soluble fiber intake so that the gap in effectiveness between a good diet and drug therapy is reduced.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center and the Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Kendall
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Mehling
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Novokmet
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raeini
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Story
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Furumoto
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vidgen
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Cunnane
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Connelly
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D001646:Bile / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001835:Body Weight; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005215:Fasting; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012995:Solubility; D013025:Glycine max; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001053:Apolipoproteins; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D008055:Lipids; D010940:Plant Proteins; D002784:Cholesterol