title: Implication of p53 in growth arrest and apoptosis induced by the synthetic retinoid CD437 in human lung cancer cells.
abstract: CD437 is a novel retinoid that can induce apoptosis in a variety of tumor cell types by an unknown mechanism. We found that CD437 up-regulated the expression of p21(WAF1/CIP1), Bax, and Killer/DR5 and induced G1 arrest and rapid apoptosis in three human non-small cell lung carcinoma cell lines with wild-type p53 but not in five cell lines with mutant p53, suggesting a role for p53 in the effects of CD437. Using H460 cells in which wild-type p53 protein was degraded by transfection of the human papillomavirus 16 E6 (HPV-16 E6) gene and H460 cells transfected with a control plasmid only, we found that CD437 increased p53, p21(WAF1/CIP1), Bax, and Killer/DR5 in the control transfectants. In contrast, the constitutive p53 protein level was suppressed, and the ability of CD437 to increase p53 and its downstream genes was compromised in E6 transfectants. In addition, CD437 induced G1 arrest and apoptosis in the control transfectants but not in the E6-transfected cells. These results indicate that p53 plays a role in CD437-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis in human non-small cell lung carcinoma cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA. ssun@notes.mdacc.tmc.edu
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: El-Deiry
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shroot
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lotan
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins / Q000235:genetics; D003574:Cytochrome c Group / Q000378:metabolism; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D016193:G1 Phase / Q000187:drug effects*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D053220:Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000235:genetics; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D012176:Retinoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C494826:BAX protein, human; C099555:CD 437; C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; D003574:Cytochrome c Group; C068651:E6 protein, Human papillomavirus type 16; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral; D011506:Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D053220:Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D012176:Retinoids; C505639:TNFRSF10B protein, human; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases