title: Effect of pistachio nuts on serum lipid levels in patients with moderate hypercholesterolemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Elevated serum cholesterol levels play an important role in the development of coronary artery disease. Previous studies have suggested that nut consumption benefits lipid profile. Pistachio nuts are widely available, inexpensive and frequently consumed by the general population.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether substituting 20% of the daily caloric intake in the form of pistachio nuts will improve the lipid profiles of humans with primary, moderate hypercholesterolemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled, randomized crossover design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatient dietary modification, counseling and blood analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients with moderate hypercholesterolemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three weeks of dietary modification with 20% caloric intake from pistachio nuts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Body weight, blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides were monitored. Lipid profiles were analyzed prior to, during and after dietary modification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After three weeks, there was a decrease in total cholesterol (p<0.04), an increase in HDL (p<0.09), a decrease in the total cholesterol/HDL ratio (p<0.01) and a decrease in the LDL/HDL ratio (p<0.02). Triglycerides and LDL levels decreased, but not significantly. Body weight and blood pressure remained constant throughout the study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that eating pistachio nuts instead of other dietary fat calories can improve lipid profiles, thereby decreasing coronary risk. Further studies will be required to confirm these results and to determine the mechanism of this effect.
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Division, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kwaw
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Matud
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kurtz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001835:Body Weight; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000209:etiology; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009754:Nuts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008517:Phytotherapy
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008055:Lipids