title: Observations after orchiectomy in clinical stage I nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The optimal management of clinical stage I nonseminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT) of the testis remains controversial. For years, retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in combination with orchiectomy, has been the standard treatment in patients with clinical stage I NSGCT. Recently, with advancement of effective cisplatin-based chemotherapy and clinical staging procedures, a new approach of observation after orchiectomy is being evaluated. We reviewed cases of orchiectomy and observation for clinical stage I NSGCT of the testis in order to evaluate the treatment outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the records of 13 patients with clinical stage I NSGCT of the testis treated at our hospital from February, 1981 to August, 1996. The patient age at diagnosis ranged from 0.6 to 44 years. Nine patients had yolk sac tumors, and four had mixed germ cell tumors. Median follow-up was 42 months (range, 20-132 months).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prior to orchiectomy, serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were raised to abnormal concentrations in four and in 13 patients, respectively. With a median follow-up of 42 months, three of 13 patients relapsed at a median of three months after orchiectomy. Two patients showed elevated AFP and radiographically identifiable tumors simultaneously, and one patient showed elevated AFP as the only evidence of relapse. Following treatment with cisplatin-based chemotherapy, the three patients who relapsed responded successfully and the elevated AFP returned to normal. The patients are currently alive and disease free.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Observation after orchiectomy is a reasonable approach for patients with clinical stage I NSGCT of the testis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: Y L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018237:Germinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009919:Orchiectomy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery*; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins