title: The effect of a low molecular mass thrombin inhibitor, inogatran, and heparin on thrombin generation and fibrin turnover in patients with unstable coronary artery disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated a novel specific thrombin inhibitor, inogatran, in comparison with unfractionated heparin, with regard to markers for coagulation activity in patients with unstable coronary artery disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the Thrombin Inhibition In Myocardial Ischaemia (TRIM) study patients were randomized to one of three different doses of inogatran or to unfractionated heparin, given intravenously over 72 h. In a subpopulation of 320 patients, markers for coagulation activity were measured at baseline, during and after the study infusion. Prothrombin fragment 1 + 2, indicating thrombin generation, decreased in the low, medium and high dose inogatran groups and in the heparin group during the first 6 h of treatment by 12%, 15%, 21% and 26%, respectively. From 6 h to 72 h after the start of infusion the levels changed by -7%, -6%, -4% and +34%, respectively. The increase in the heparin group continued after the infusion was stopped. Thrombin-antithrombin complex, also indicating thrombin generation, decreased by 0%, 2%, 18% and 22%, respectively, during the first 6 h of treatment. During the same period soluble fibrin, an intermediate in fibrin formation, increased both in the low and medium inogatran group by 9%, while a decrease by 4% and 18%, respectively, was seen in the high dose inogatran group and in the heparin group. Fibrin dissolution, as measured by fibrin D-dimer, decreased during the first 24 h of treatment by 20%, 18%, 18% and 20%, respectively. The first 24 h after discontinuation of infusion, fibrin D-dimer increased by 6%, 23%, 25% and 44%, respectively. After 72 h, at the end of infusion, patients treated with inogatran, to a larger extent than those given heparin, had suffered from death, myocardial infarction or refractory angina pectoris. After 7 days this trend was less marked.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The more pronounced decrease in thrombin generation and fibrin turnover during the first 6 h of infusion, and the later increase in thrombin generation and fibrin turnover, in the heparin group, as compared to the inogatran groups, may be related to the lower clinical event rate during infusion with heparin compared with inogatran and the recurrence of ischaemic events, early after cessation of heparin infusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Linder
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oldgren
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Egberg
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Grip
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Siegbahn
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wallentin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000991:Antithrombins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005337:Fibrin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005998:Glycine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D006493:Heparin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010314:Partial Thromboplastin Time; D010880:Piperidines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011516:Prothrombin / Q000378:metabolism; D013917:Thrombin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000991:Antithrombins; D015415:Biomarkers; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D010880:Piperidines; C099871:inogatran; D011516:Prothrombin; D005337:Fibrin; D006493:Heparin; D013917:Thrombin; D005998:Glycine