title: Tranilast inhibits protein kinase C-dependent signalling pathway linked to angiogenic activities and gene expression of retinal microcapillary endothelial cells.
abstract: 1. Tranilast, first developed as an anti-allergic drug, has been reported to inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced angiogenesis and vasopermeability. To further clarify the inhibitory mechanism, we investigated the effects of tranilast on VEGF binding and subsequent intracellular signalling pathway linked to angiogenic activities and gene expression of bovine retinal microcapillary endothelial cells. 2. Tranilast significantly (P<0.01) inhibited VEGF, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and hypoxia conditioned media-induced BREC proliferation in a dose dependent manner with IC50's of 22, 82 and 10 microM, respectively. 3. VEGF-induced migration was also inhibited by tranilast in a dose dependent manner, with IC50 of 18 microM, and complete inhibition was observed at 300 microM (P<0.01). Tranilast suppressed VEGF-induced tube formation in a dose dependent manner with maximum (46%) inhibition observed at 300 microM (P<0.05). 4. Tranilast inhibited phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-dependent stimulation of [3H]-thymidine incorporation and VEGF- and PMA-induced gene expression of integrin alpha v and c-fos in BREC. 5. Tranilast suppressed VEGF- and PMA-stimulated PKC activity in BREC. 6. Tranilast did not affect VEGF binding or VEGF-induced phosphorylation of tyrosine residues of VEGF receptor- and phospholipase Cgamma and their associated proteins. 7. These data suggest that tranilast might prove an effective inhibitor to prevent retinal neovascularization in ischaemic retinal diseases, and that its inhibitory effect might be through suppression of PKC-dependent signal transduction in BREC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koyama
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Otani
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuma
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Honda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002196:Capillaries / Q000187:drug effects; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D002417:Cattle; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000502:physiology; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D062367:ortho-Aminobenzoates / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008222:Lymphokines; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D062367:ortho-Aminobenzoates; D014443:Tyrosine; D004247:DNA; D011493:Protein Kinase C; C012293:tranilast; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate