title: Nimodipine and perfusion changes after stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Meta-analysis of previous trials of oral nimodipine in acute stroke has suggested a benefit when commenced within 12 hours of onset. We sought to study the effect of oral nimodipine on reperfusion after acute stroke and the relation between reperfusion and outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty patients with acute middle cerebral artery territory cortical infarction were blindly randomized within 12 hours of onset to either oral nimodipine (30 mg every 6 hours) or placebo. Treatment was continued for 2 weeks. Cerebral blood flow was assessed with the use of 99mTc-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime single-photon emission CT before therapy, 24 hours later, and at 3 months. Hypoperfusion was measured by a validated volumetric technique. Neurological impairment and functional outcome were assessed with the Canadian Neurological Scale and Barthel Index, respectively. Tissue loss was measured with CT at 3 months. Four patients were excluded from analysis for technical reasons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-three patients received nimodipine, and 23 received placebo. In the nimodipine group, there was early reperfusion that was not maintained at outcome (P=0.01). In the placebo group, mean infarct hypoperfusion volumes showed no overall change. Nonnutritional reperfusion in nimodipine-treated patients was associated with adverse neurological (P=0.05) and functional outcome (P=0.06). There was, however, no difference in clinical outcome between the 2 groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral nimodipine administered within 12 hours enhanced acute reperfusion, but this was largely nonnutritional. Larger studies using a shorter treatment delay are required to evaluate the clinical efficacy of nimodipine in acute ischemic stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Infeld
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Donnan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yasaka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lichtenstein
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Fitt
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009553:Nimodipine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D009553:Nimodipine