title: Vessel cooption, regression, and growth in tumors mediated by angiopoietins and VEGF.
abstract: In contrast with the prevailing view that most tumors and metastases begin as avascular masses, evidence is presented here that a subset of tumors instead initially grows by coopting existing host vessels. This coopted host vasculature does not immediately undergo angiogenesis to support the tumor but instead regresses, leading to a secondarily avascular tumor and massive tumor cell loss. Ultimately, however, the remaining tumor is rescued by robust angiogenesis at the tumor margin. The expression patterns of the angiogenic antagonist angiopoietin-2 and of pro-angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) suggest that these proteins may be critical regulators of this balance between vascular regression and growth.
authors.affiliation: Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Holash
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Maisonpierre
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Compton
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boland
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zagzag
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Yancopoulos
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Wiegand
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology; D042683:Angiopoietin-1; D042702:Angiopoietin-2; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000473:pathology; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology; D005910:Glioma / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015854:Up-Regulation; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D042683:Angiopoietin-1; D042702:Angiopoietin-2; C467628:Angpt1 protein, mouse; C467629:Angpt1 protein, rat; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D008222:Lymphokines; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011506:Proteins; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors