Pharmacoclinical strategy in neuroleptic resistant schizophrenic patients treated by clozapine: clinical evolution, concentration of plasma and red blood cell clozapine and desmethylclozapine, whole blood serotonin and tryptophan.
1. The aim of the study was to determine if a more rational therapeutic approach could be devised for neuroleptic resistant psychotic patients treated for months and years with clozapine. Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic medication, but its therapeutic benefit has been limited by a high incidence of agranulocytosis and seizures. 2. The study has been performed in an open setting and included 12 patients. Some of them developed a secondary depression and were treated with fluoxetine. 3. Pharmacokinetic analysis were conducted at the same time as clinical evaluations, grading using the BPRS, the PDS, and QLS, and determinations of plasma and red blood cell clozapine and desmethylclozapine, plasma and RBC fluoxetine and norfluoxetine, whole blood serotonin and tryptophan. 4. A positive linear correlation was found only between RBC concentration and the evolution of the QLS. 5. Clozapine is efficacious both on positive and negative symptoms but its mechanism of action remains unclear. Positive symptoms disappear more quickly, sometimes followed by a post psychotic depression. Negative symptoms improve more slowly but regularly. They seem to be correlated with serotoninergic mechanisms. For whole blood 5HT, an important increase was seen about 4 weeks after Cloza administration, and then a decrease. 6. Therapeutic drug monitoring (on the same sample drawn for haematological monitoring providing) could play a useful role in the management of patients treated by clozapine: compliance, lowest dose, possible toxicity, drug interaction, lack of efficacy, relapse predictivity.
Aymard
N
N
Unité de Pharmacologie, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Paris, France.
Viala
A
A
Baldacci
C
C
Smagghe
P O
PO
Vacheron
M N
MN
Caroli
F
F
D000328:Adult; D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010054:Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; D003024:Clozapine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012701:Serotonin / Q000097:blood*; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000097:blood
D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D005473:Fluoxetine; C058272:norclozapine; D012701:Serotonin; D014364:Tryptophan; D003024:Clozapine