title: Macronutrient intake of 3- to 36-month-old German infants and children: results of the DONALD Study. Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed Study.
abstract: The intake of macronutrients (protein, fat, fatty acids, carbohydrates, added sugars, fiber) was assessed in 354 healthy German infants and children aged 3-36 months from 3-day weighed diet records. The intake of protein ranged between 7 and 14% of energy intake. Fat intake decreased from 3 months (breast-fed boys and girls, 48%; formula-fed boys/girls, 41/44%) to 12 months (boys/girls, 33/36%) due to the increasing consumption of commercial weaning foods, and then increased again up to 36 months (boys/girls, 40/43%). Intake of added sugars decreased during the first 12 months and then increased again, but only slightly exceeded the limit of 10%. Intake of dietary fiber was highest at the age of 1 year (boys/girls, 2.7/2.3 g/MJ). The macronutrient intake was in accordance with other German and European surveys, but deviated considerably from the respective recommendations.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Child Nutrition, Dortmund, Germany. alexy@fke-uni-dortmund.de
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Alexy
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kersting
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sichert-Hellert
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Manz
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schöch
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis; D004435:Eating; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004044:Dietary Proteins