title: The TWEAK: application in a prenatal setting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The TWEAK is a screening instrument used to identify women who are risk drinkers. Potential limitations of previous studies of the TWEAK in the prenatal setting include indirect administration of the instrument to minority, indigent pregnant women. The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy of the TWEAK when it is given directly to a sample of pregnant women of different socioeconomic backgrounds.
  
  
  METHODS
  The original TWEAK, with two different tolerance questions, was administered to a sample of 135 pregnant women enrolled in a study of alcohol use during pregnancy at the obstetrics practices of the Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The TWEAK, using the first tolerance question (number of drinks before feeling the first effects of alcohol) with the cut point set at more than two drinks, had the best predictive ability for lifetime alcohol diagnoses and risk drinking. The sensitivity of the TWEAK can be increased if the cut point for the first tolerance question is set at two drinks, with some loss of specificity and predictive ability. Medical record assessment was the least sensitive but most specific method of identifying alcohol use by pregnant women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The TWEAK has promise as a screening instrument for identifying risk drinking during pregnancy. Future work should include testing in other clinical populations.
authors.affiliation: Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wilkins-Haug
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Berman
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Goetz
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D011247:Pregnancy; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires