title: Delayed expression of hpS2 and prolonged expression of CIP1/WAF1/SDI1 in human tumour cells irradiated with X-rays, fission neutrons or 1 GeV/nucleon Fe ions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Differences in gene expression underlie the phenotypic differences between irradiated and unirradiated cells. The goal was to identify late-transcribed genes following irradiations differing in quality, and to determine the RBE of 1 GeV/n Fe ions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clonogenic assay was used to determine the RBE of Fe ions. Differential hybridization to cDNA target clones was used to detect differences in expression of corresponding genes in mRNA samples isolated from MCF7 cells irradiated with iso-survival doses of Fe ions (0 or 2.5 Gy) or fission neutrons (0 or 1.2 Gy) 7 days earlier. Northern analysis was used to confirm differential expression of cDNA-specific mRNA and to examine expression kinetics up to 2 weeks after irradiation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fe ion RBE values were between 2.2 and 2.6 in the lines examined. Two of 17 differentially expressed cDNA clones were characterized. hpS2 mRNA was elevated from 1 to 14 days after irradiation, whereas CIP1/WAF1/SDI1 remained elevated from 3 h to 14 days after irradiation. Induction of hpS2 mRNA by irradiation was independent of p53, whereas induction of CIP1/WAF1/SDI1 was observed only in wild-type p53 lines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A set of coordinately regulated genes, some of which are independent of p53, is associated with change in gene expression during the first 2 weeks post-irradiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore 21201, USA. ekubicze@umaryland.edu
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Balcer-Kubiczek
authors.forename: X F
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: X J
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Vigneulle
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ove
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: McCready
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D002470:Cell Survival / Q000528:radiation effects; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins / Q000235:genetics*; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D016158:Genes, p53; D006801:Humans; D009502:Neutrons; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000235:genetics; D012062:Relative Biological Effectiveness; D000071163:Trefoil Factor-1; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D014965:X-Rays
chemical_list: C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; C051838:TFF1 protein, human; D000071163:Trefoil Factor-1; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; C497206:MDM2 protein, human; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2