title: Seat belt use by children brought to an inner-city hospital.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize restraint use among children brought to an inner-city hospital by private car or taxicab.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional survey and direct observation of a convenience sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  Main entrance and clinic entrance of a large urban public hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Direct observation was made on 352 children brought by 257 vehicles. One hundred seventy-seven parents or caretakers responded to questionnaires for 240 children.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 352 children who were directly observed, 256 (73%) arrived by taxicabs and 96 (27%) by private cars. Thirty-three of 352 (9%) children were observed to be appropriately restrained. Children brought by taxicabs were significantly less likely to be restrained than children brought by private cars (1% vs 31%, P < 0.001). Caretakers reported that seat belts were available in 46 of 54 (85%) private cars, compared to 38 of 88 (43%) taxicabs (P < 0.01). Twenty percent of caretakers who came by taxicabs did not check for seat belts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taxicabs, which are exempt from the New York State's mandatory seat belt law, are a common mode of transportation for children in the inner city. While the overall use of child restraints in the study sample is low, it is particularly low for children in taxicabs. The low rate may be related to both the decreased availability of seat belts and the lack of the mandatory seat belt law for taxicabs. Strategies should be sought to improve child restraint availability in taxicabs and mandate seat belt use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tun
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Avner
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Khine
mesh_terms: D001336:Automobiles / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D002648:Child; D006786:Hospitals, Urban; D006801:Humans; D015370:Infant Equipment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009519:New York City; D012622:Seat Belts / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014187:Transportation of Patients / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D014505:Urban Population