title: Nitrate and nitrite control of respiratory nitrate reduction in denitrifying Pseudomonas stutzeri by a two-component regulatory system homologous to NarXL of Escherichia coli.
abstract: Bacterial denitrification is expressed in response to the concurrent exogenous signals of low-oxygen tension and nitrate or one of its reduction products. The mechanism by which nitrate-dependent gene activation is effected was investigated in the denitrifying bacterium Pseudomonas stutzeri ATCC 14405. We have identified and isolated from this organism the chromosomal region encoding the two-component sensor-regulator pair NarXL and found that it is linked with the narG operon for respiratory nitrate reductase. The same region encodes two putative nitrate or nitrite translocases, NarK and NarC (the latter shows the highest similarity to yeast [Pichia] and plant [Nicotiana] nitrate transporters), and the nitrate-regulated transcription factor, DnrE, of the FNR family. The roles of NarX and NarL in nitrate respiration were studied with deletion mutants. NarL activated the transcription of narG, narK, and dnrE but did not affect the denitrification regulons for the respiratory substrates nitrite, nitric oxide, and nitrous oxide. The promoters of narG, narK, and dnrE carry sequence motifs, TACYYMT, which correspond to the NarL recognition sequence established for Escherichia coli. The cellular response toward nitrate and nitrite was mediated by the sensor protein NarX, which discriminated weakly between these oxyanions. Our data show that the NarXL two-component regulatory system has been incorporated into the bacterial denitrification process of P. stutzeri for selective regulation of nitrate respiration.
authors.affiliation: Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie der Universität zu Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Härtig
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schiek
authors.forename: K U
authors.initials: KU
authors.lastname: Vollack
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Zumft
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D027321:Anion Transport Proteins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D050901:Nitrate Reductase; D009565:Nitrate Reductases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000091285:Nitrate Transporters; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism*; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D027321:Anion Transport Proteins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D000091285:Nitrate Transporters; D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C069780:NarL protein, E coli; D009565:Nitrate Reductases; D050901:Nitrate Reductase; D011494:Protein Kinases; C074787:narX protein, E coli