title: Comparison of caudal tramadol vs bupivacaine for post-operative analgesia in children undergoing hypospadias surgery.
abstract: In a prospective double-blind study, 40 children scheduled for hypospadias repair were allocated randomly to receive either caudal tramadol (1 mg/kg) or 0.25% plain bupivacaine (0.5 ml/kg). Postoperative pain score, side-effects and oxygen saturation (SaO2) were recorded during 24-hour observation period. The results point toward a significantly lower pain scores with caudal bupivacaine in the immediate postoperative period, whereas caudal tramadol caused a significantly lower pain score in the late postoperative period. Total consumption of rescue analgesics was significantly higher in bupivacaine group as compared to tramadol group during the study period (p < 0.001). The incidence of side-effects such as vomiting was more frequent with caudal tramadol, but there was no detectable difference in SaO2. We conclude that caudal tramadol can safely be used for postoperative analgesia with a longer duration as compared to caudal bupivacaine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Y K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Batra
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Arya
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chari
authors.forename: L N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Yaddanapudi
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000601:surgery; D007268:Injections, Epidural; D008297:Male; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014147:Tramadol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D014147:Tramadol; D002045:Bupivacaine