title: Primary hepatic carcinoid and neuroendocrine carcinoma: clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of five cases.
abstract: Primary hepatic carcinoid and neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) are rare tumors. We experienced three carcinoids and two NEC originating in the liver during the past 25 years and attempted to elucidate the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of these tumors. The patients had no endocrine symptoms despite two of them having elevated plasma serotonin. Three of the five patients died of the tumor after operation with an average survival time of 20.6 months. All tumors were large (up to 26 cm in diameter), four of them solitary and one multinodular, and were not associated with liver cirrhosis. The carcinoid tumors showed insular, trabecular or glandular arrangement of argyrophilic cells, whereas in the NEC this histological pattern was distorted. Immunohistochemically the tumors showed expression of chromogranin A (all cases), chromogranin B (three cases), pancreastatin and chromostatin (four cases, respectively), prohormone convertase PC3 (three cases), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CA19-9 (two cases), cytokeratin 56 kDa (three cases), 160 kDa neurofilament (two cases) and neuron-specific enolase (two cases). Serotonin and glucagon were sporadically detected in two tumors. The most useful marker to confirm the diagnosis was chromogranin A, which was cleaved to pancreastatin and chromostatin in the tumor tissue, and was more reliable than other markers of neuroendocrine differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pilichowska
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ouchi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016282:Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D018278:Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D053379:Chromogranin A; D002864:Chromogranins / Q000378:metabolism; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010187:Pancreatic Hormones / Q000378:metabolism; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000378:metabolism; D043484:Proprotein Convertases
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D053379:Chromogranin A; D002864:Chromogranins; D010187:Pancreatic Hormones; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C067412:chromostatin; C050836:pancreastatin; D043484:Proprotein Convertases; D016282:Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases