title: Enhancement of glutamate release uncovers spillover-mediated transmission by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in the rat hippocampus.
abstract: Properties of excitatory postsynaptic currents during increased glutamate release were investigated by means of a whole-cell voltage-clamp in CA1 pyramidal neurons of rat hippocampal slices. Enhancement of transmitter release by 50 microM 4-aminopyridine or by elevated extracellular Ca2+ (up to 5 mM) resulted in a substantial increase in the peak excitatory postsynaptic current amplitude and in the significant stimulus-dependent prolongation of the excitatory postsynaptic current decay. The stronger the stimulus, the slower the excitatory postsynaptic current decay became. The pharmacologically isolated N-methyl-D-aspartate, but not alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid component of the excitatory postsynaptic current exhibited this phenomenon. The possible connection of such behaviour of the N-methyl-D-aspartate component to the loss of voltage control was tested in the following way: the peak of the N-methyl-D-aspartate component was enhanced under 50 microM 4-aminopyridine and then returned back to the control level by a low dose of D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid. However, the decay of the decreased N-methyl-D-aspartate component remained slow suggesting another origin of the stimulus-dependent kinetics. Dihydrokainate, a non-competitive inhibitor of glutamate uptake, did not influence the kinetics of the N-methyl-D-aspartate component in control but induced its dramatic stimulus-dependent prolongation when applied on the background of a low dose of 4-aminopyridine (10 microM) which did not affect the decay by itself. We propose that the delayed stimulus-dependent kinetics of the N-methyl-D-aspartate component is due to the saturation of uptake mechanisms and subsequent activation of extrasynaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Our present observations therefore support the hypothesis that N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors may play a role in the cross-talk between synapses by means of the transmitter spillover.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular Membranology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kiev, Ukraine.
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Lozovaya
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Kopanitsa
authors.forename: Y A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Boychuk
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Krishtal
mesh_terms: D015761:4-Aminopyridine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D019706:Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007700:Kinetics; D016202:N-Methylaspartate / Q000502:physiology; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000502:physiology*; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D016202:N-Methylaspartate; D015761:4-Aminopyridine; D002118:Calcium