title: Middle cerebral artery stroke that includes the premotor cortex reduces mobility outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The premotor cortex (PMC) (Brodmann 6) contributes uniquely to proximal upper and lower limb power and plays a role in the organization of motor behaviors. We assessed the degree to which PMC damage affected functional outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively compared the functional outcome of patients with a first stroke in the middle cerebral artery distribution that either left the PMC intact (PMC-; n=19) or damaged the PMC (PMC+; n=12). The Functional Independence Measure for disability and the motor score of the Stroke Impairment Assessment Set for impairment assessed outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Demographic and clinical features and lesion volume were comparable for the PMC+ and PMC- groups. However, the PMC- group demonstrated significant gain in mobility and in proximal leg movement. This focal improvement contributed to the trend in the PMC- group toward greater independent ambulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Decreased motor recovery of proximal lower limbs in humans with PMC damage supports the idea that it is the origin of corticoreticulospinal pathways that subserve proximal lower extremity function. Furthermore, persistent proximal weakness after PMC damage may amplify other motor impairments, which include defects in planning, initiating, and sequencing. Neurorehabilitation outcomes may contribute to a more detailed functional anatomy after stroke and partial recovery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Toneyama National Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Miyai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Volpe
mesh_terms: D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008124:Locomotion; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome