title: Ablation of ventricular tachycardia with a saline-cooled radiofrequency catheter: anatomic and histologic characteristics of the lesions in humans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In animal models, active cooling of the electrode during radiofrequency (RF) ablation allows creation of larger lesions, presumably by increasing the power that can be delivered without coagulum formation. These RF lesions have not been characterized in human myocardium in regions of infarction and scarring.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cooled-tip RF catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardias (VTs) was performed in two patients who had severe congestive heart failure and subsequently underwent cardiac transplantation. The first patient had four different monomorphic VTs. RF applications along the inferoseptal margin of a scarred region abolished all inducible VTs. The second patient had sarcoidosis involving the myocardium and four different inducible VTs. RF current applied at an inferobasal VT exit and at the right and left septa failed to abolish the VTs. The explanted hearts were examined at the time of cardiac transplantation 18 and 21 days later, respectively. Lesions extended to depths up to 7 mm, reaching clusters of myocardial cells deep to regions of fibrosis. Microscopically, the ablation sites contained coagulation necrosis with hemorrhage, surrounded by a rim of granulation tissue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Saline-irrigated RF catheter ablation produces relatively large lesions capable of penetrating deep into scarred myocardium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Delacretaz
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Stevenson
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Winters
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Friedman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D003080:Cold Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D017180:Tachycardia, Ventricular / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D012965:Sodium Chloride