title: Feeding difficulties and foregut dysmotility in Noonan's syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Noonan's syndrome is a common dysmorphic syndrome in which failure to thrive and gastrointestinal symptoms are frequent but poorly understood.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty five children with Noonan's syndrome were investigated by contrast radiology, pH monitoring, surface electrogastrography (EGG), and antroduodenal manometry (ADM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen had poor feeding and symptoms of gastrointestinal dysfunction. All 16 required tube feeding. Seven of 25 had symptoms of foregut dysmotility and gastro-oesophageal reflux. In the most symptomatic children (four of seven) EGG showed fasting frequency gradient loss along the stomach fundus and pylorus with antral postprandial frequency loss. ADM showed shortened fasting cycle length, with abnormal phase III and shortened postprandial activity containing phasic contractions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gastroduodenal motor activity was reminiscent of 32-35 week preterm patterns. The feeding difficulties appear to resolve as gut motility matures. In Noonan's syndrome, feeding problems appear to be the result of delayed gastrointestinal motor development.
authors.affiliation: Great Ormond Street Hospital and Institute of Child Health, London WC1 1EH, UK.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Louis
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lindley
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Milla
mesh_terms: D001466:Barium Sulfate; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003287:Contrast Media; D004386:Duodenum / Q000503:physiopathology; D004576:Electromyography; D005183:Failure to Thrive / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001068:Feeding and Eating Disorders; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000150:complications; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D009634:Noonan Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D013270:Stomach / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D001466:Barium Sulfate