title: Signal relay by retinoic acid receptors alpha and beta in the retinoic acid-induced expression of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 in breast cancer cells.
abstract: Neither retinoic acid receptor-beta (RARbeta) nor insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) is expressed in breast cancer cell line MCF-7. The expression of both proteins can be induced in response to all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA). By using an RARalpha-selective antagonist (Ro 41-5253), we demonstrated that RARbeta expression was induced by atRA through an RARalpha-dependent signaling pathway and that RARbeta induction was correlated with IGFBP-3 induction. However, MCF-7 cells transfected with sense RARbeta cDNA expressed IGFBP-3 even in the presence of the RARalpha-selective antagonist Ro 41-5253. On the other hand, antisense RARbeta cDNA transfection of MCF-7 cells blocked atRA-induced IGFBP-3 expression, indicating that RARbeta is directly involved in the mediation of IGFBP-3 induction by atRA. Induction of IGFBP-3 expression by atRA occurs at the transcriptional level, as measured by nuclear run-on assays. Finally, we showed that atRA-induced IGFBP-3 is functionally active in modulating the growth-promoting effect of IGF-I. These experiments indicate that RARalpha and RARbeta, both individually and together, are important in mammary gland homeostasis and breast cancer development. By linking IGFBP-3 to RARbeta, our experiments define the signal intersection between the retinoid and IGF systems in cell growth regulation and explain why loss of RARbeta might be critical in breast cancer carcinogenesis/progression.
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Baumrucker
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Green
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism; D002455:Cell Division; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000072482:Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; C000607071:RARA protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D000072482:Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha; C082925:retinoic acid receptor beta; D014212:Tretinoin