title: Conservative management of rectal cancer with local excision and postoperative adjuvant therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To determine the local control, survival, and functional outcome of local excision plus postoperative therapy for patients with rectal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 39 patients underwent a local excision (2 with snare excision of a T1 polyp and 37 with full-thickness local excision) followed by postoperative radiation therapy +/- 5-FU-based chemotherapy. The median follow-up was 41 months, and 11 patients had positive margins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 5-year actuarial colostomy-free survival was 87% and overall survival was 70%. Crude local failure increased with T stage: 0% T1, 24% T2, and 25% T3. Of the 8 patients (21%) who developed local failure, 5 underwent salvage APR and were locally controlled. Actuarial local failure at 5 years was 31% for T2 disease and 27% for the total patient group. In the 32 patients with an intact sphincter, 94% had good to excellent sphincter function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although local failure in patients with T2 tumors has increased since our prior report, the survival, sphincter function, and local salvage rates are acceptable. Local excision and postoperative therapy remains a reasonable alternative to APR in selected patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wagman
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Minsky
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Saltz
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Paty
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Guillem
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D017211:Treatment Failure