title: [Comparative study of 3 techniques for total intravenous anesthesia: midazolam-ketamine, propofol-ketamine, and propofol-fentanyl].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the characteristics of induction, maintenance and awakening for three techniques of combined total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA): propofol-ketamine, midazolam-ketamine and propofol-fentanyl.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty patients were randomly assigned to three TIVA groups. Group 1 (n = 20) received midazolam, ketamine and vecuronium. Group 2 (n = 20) received propofol, ketamine and vecuronium. Group 3 (n = 20) received propofol, fentanyl and vecuronium. The variables compared were hemodynamic changes during induction and maintenance and upon awakening; time until awakening; and the incidence of postanesthetic complications. We also assessed whether propofol was better than midazolam at preventing the psychomimetic effects of ketamine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The demographic characteristics of the three groups were similar. Hemodynamic variables were most stable in group 2. Perfusion of midazolam-ketamine was accompanied by a significantly higher number of hypertensive peaks. Time to awakening was significantly shorter in Group I (11.8 +/- 5 min) than in group 2 (20.2 +/- 12.5 min); in group 2 time to awakening was 16.6 +/- 5.6 min. Eight patients in group 1, 5 in group 2 and 1 in group 3 reported having bad dreams, the difference between groups 1 and 3 reaching statistical significance. No patient experienced hallucinations and all reported satisfaction with the anesthetic technique used.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TIVA with ketamine and propofol is comparable to the most commonly used combination of propofol and fentanyl and may be an appropriate choice when hemodynamic stability is of great importance; withdrawal 15 min before ending surgery prevents prolonged awakening. Perfusion of midazolam-ketamine is not recommendable for scheduled surgery because it induces too many hypertensive peaks. Although neither midazolam nor propofol completely prevents the psychomimetic effects of ketamine, such effects are not so severe that patients reject the anesthetic technique used.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Anestesiología, Hospital Universitari de Girona Doctor Josep Trueta.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Parramón
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: García-Velasco
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vilaplana
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Villalonga
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous / Q000379:methods*; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007649:Ketamine; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam; D008875:Middle Aged; D015742:Propofol; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014673:Vecuronium Bromide
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D007649:Ketamine; D014673:Vecuronium Bromide; D008874:Midazolam; D005283:Fentanyl; D015742:Propofol
vernacular_title: Estudio comparativo de tres técnicas de anestesia total intravenosa: midazolam-ketamina, propofol-ketamina y propofol-fentanilo.