title: Intravesical instillation of mitomycin-C in 242 patients with superficial bladder cancer at high risk of recurrence: long-term results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study evaluated the long-term results of intravesical mitomycin C (MMC) instillation after transurethral resection (TUR) in 242 consecutive patients with superficial bladder cancer at high risk of recurrence (stage Ta, grade 1-3, or stage T1, grade 1 and 2, primary multiple or recurrent tumor).
  
  
  METHODS
  242 patients were treated with weekly instillations of 40 mg MMC for 8 weeks after TUR. Tumor-free patients then followed a maintenance course with monthly instillations for 3 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median follow-up of disease-free patients is 43.5 (range 23-112) months. The incidence of first recurrence is 59.5% (144/242 patients) with a median time to first recurrence of 29 months. 95 patients (39.3%) remained disease-free. Three had disease progression as the first event. The risk of recurrence was significantly higher for multifocal tumors (p = 0.0023, hazard ratio 1.79, 95% CI 1.23-2.59). Overall, patients have been followed for a median time of 57 (range 10-114) months. During this period the recurrence rate was 4.9. Eleven more patients had disease progression. The progression rate is 5.8% (14/242), with a mean time to progression of 34 months. At present 209 patients are alive, 6 have died of bladder cancer, 16 of causes unrelated to the disease and 11 (4.5%) have been lost to follow-up. Thus the crude survival rate is 86.4%, disease-specific mortality 2.5%, and non-disease-specific mortality 6.6%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with multiple tumors seem to benefit the least from MMC instillation. Probably recurrent disease could be better prevented with intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hurle
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manzetti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Losa
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Micheli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ranieri
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chinaglia
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lembo
mesh_terms: D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008937:Mitomycins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D015996:Survival Rate; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D008937:Mitomycins