title: Laser ablation of gall bladder stones.
abstract: Study of laser interaction with calculi is presented. A system of Nd-Yag and Ho-Yag pulsed lasers were used to produce fluorescence and plasma signals at the stone surface surrounded by saline and bile fluids. Fourth harmonic from Nd-Yag laser was transmitted to the samples by graded UV optical fibres. Gall bladder stones of various compositions were subjected to the high power Ho-Yag laser. Temporal transients and spectral evolution of plasma and fluorescence signals were monitored by a streak camera. A profile of acoustic pressures generated by shock waves was recorded with sensitive hydrophones placed in the surrounding fluids. Ablation threshold, cavitation process and fluorescence dependence on the laser parameters were studied in detail. Potential of stone identification by fluorescence and possible hydrodynamic model for ablation of biological samples is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marafi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Makdisi
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Bhatia
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Abdulah
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kokaj
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mathew
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Qabazard
mesh_terms: D001649:Bile Duct Diseases / Q000628:therapy; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000628:therapy*; D005453:Fluorescence; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D017602:Lithotripsy, Laser / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008452:Maximum Allowable Concentration; D008954:Models, Biological; D011312:Pressure