title: In-vivo myocardial substrate alteration during perfused ventricular fibrillation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Earlier work suggests the in-vivo heart alters its substrate utilization as a function of cardiac work. Previous work has also demonstrated the high oxygen requirements of the heart during ventricular fibrillation (VF). The authors hypothesized that myocardial substrate utilization during VF with perfusion is similar to the normal beating heart under conditions of increased workload.
  
  
  METHODS
  Myocardial substrate selection was studied in the in-vivo porcine myocardium using 13carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) under conditions of increased cardiac work (dobutamine group) and VF with extracorporeal perfusion (VF group). Once the animal preparation was completed, metabolic steady state was achieved with the infusion of unlabeled acetate into the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. The infused substrate was then changed to [2-13C] acetate and glutamate pool labeling was monitored by 13C NMR. The glutamate C4 resonance areas at baseline and after intervention of either increased workload (dobutamine group) or perfused VF (VF group) were compared within groups using paired t-tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline aortic and great cardiac vein lactates, glucose levels, blood gases, hemoglobin levels, and temperatures were similar between groups. In both groups, there was a significant decrease from baseline in the labeling of C4 glutamate peaks (dobutamine group: 20.2+/-14.9 vs 84.7+/-32.7, p = 0.002; and VF group: 49.8+/-24.4 vs 83.9+/-24.4, p = 0.02), indicating selection against acetate oxidation in favor of other endogenous substrates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the in-vivo heart, despite the absence of functional contractions, changes in substrate utilization during perfused VF are similar to changes that occur with increased workload in the normal beating heart.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210-1270, USA. angelos.1@osu.edu
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Angelos
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Rath
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Beckley
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Robitaille
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004280:Dobutamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D005971:Glutamates / Q000378:metabolism; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007773:Lactates / Q000378:metabolism; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D010477:Perfusion; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D013552:Swine; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D005971:Glutamates; D007773:Lactates; D004280:Dobutamine; D005947:Glucose