title: The efficacy of lamotrigine in rapid cycling and non-rapid cycling patients with bipolar disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with bipolar disorder (BD) who have rapid cycling features are often treatment refractory. Clear and conclusive evidence regarding effective treatments for this group is not available.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with diagnoses of refractory bipolar disorder who were currently experiencing manic, mixed, depressive, or hypomanic episodes were treated with lamotrigine as add-on therapy (60 patients) or monotherapy (15 patients). We compared the efficacy of lamotrigine in the 41 rapid cycling and 34 non-rapid cycling patients with BD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Improvement from baseline to last visit was significant among both rapid cycling and non-rapid cycling patients for both depressive and manic symptomatology. For patients entering the study in a depressive episode, improvement in depressive symptomatology was equivalent in the two groups. Among patients entering the study in a manic, mixed, or hypomanic episode, those with rapid cycling improved less in manic symptomatology than did non-rapid cycling patients. Among rapid cycling patients with initial mild-to-moderate manic symptom severity, improvement was comparable to that in non-rapid cycling subjects; however, the subset of rapid cycling patients with severe initial manic symptomatology had little improvement in mania. Rapid cycling patients had earlier onset and more lifetime episodes of mania, depression, and mixed mania.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lamotrigine was generally effective and well tolerated in this group of previously non-responsive, rapid cycling bipolar patients.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Department of Psychiatry 78284-7792, USA.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Bowden
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Calabrese
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: McElroy
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Rhodes
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Keck
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cookson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bolden-Watson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ascher
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Monaghan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000204:Activity Cycles / Q000502:physiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018692:Antimanic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D000077213:Lamotrigine; D008297:Male; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014227:Triazines / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D018692:Antimanic Agents; D014227:Triazines; D000077213:Lamotrigine