Plasma polyphenols and antioxidants, oxidative DNA damage and endothelial function in a diet and wine intervention study in humans.
An intervention study was performed to evaluate the influence of a Mediterranean diet, a high fat diet, and their supplementation with red wine in moderate amounts, on biochemical, physiological, and clinical parameters related to atherosclerosis and other chronic diseases. For 3 months two groups of 21 male volunteers each, received either a Mediterranean diet or a high fat diet; during the second month, red wine was added isocalorically, 240 ml/day. Participants were kept under close medical and nutritional surveillance. At days 0, 30, 60 and 90, clinical, physiological and biochemical evaluations were made. Plasma vitamin C was significantly decreased in the high fat diet group compared to the Mediterranean diet group. After wine supplementation to the Mediterranean diet, a significant 13.5% increase in plasma vitamin C was observed. Furthermore, when wine was added vitamin E decreased significantly in plasma, 15% in the high fat diet and 26% in the Mediterranean diet. Total plasma antioxidant capacity (total antioxidant reactivity) increased 28% above basal levels in the Mediterranean diet group, but not in the high fat diet group. In both groups, wine induced a marked increase in total antioxidant reactivity above basal levels, 56% and 23%, respectively. Oxidative DNA damage, detected as 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels in blood leukocyte DNA, was markedly increased by the high fat diet; however, it was strongly reduced, to approximately 50% basal values, after wine supplementation, both in the high fat diet and Mediterranean diet groups. Endothelial function, evaluated noninvasively as flow-mediated vascular reactivity of the brachial artery, was suppressed by the high fat diet, and was normal after wine supplementation. These effects are attributed to oxidative stress associated with a high fat diet, and to the elevated plasma antioxidant capacity associated with wine consumption and the Mediterranean diet. The results presented support the following conclusions: a high fat diet induces oxidative stress; a diet rich in fruits and vegetables enhances antioxidant defenses; wine supplementation to a high fat or a Mediterranean diet increases plasma antioxidant capacity, decreases oxidative DNA damage, and normalizes endothelial function.
Leighton
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F
Faculty of Biological Science, Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile. fleighto@genes.bio.puc.cl
Cuevas
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Guasch
V
V
Pérez
D D
DD
Strobel
P
P
San Martín
A
A
Urzua
U
U
Díez
M S
MS
Foncea
R
R
Castillo
O
O
Mizón
C
C
Espinoza
M A
MA
Urquiaga
I
I
Rozowski
J
J
Maiz
A
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Germain
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A
D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects*; D004036:Diet, Atherogenic; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005419:Flavonoids; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010636:Phenols / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011108:Polymers / Q000378:metabolism*; D059808:Polyphenols; D014920:Wine / Q000032:analysis*
D000975:Antioxidants; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005419:Flavonoids; D010636:Phenols; D011108:Polymers; D059808:Polyphenols