title: A two-segment simulation model of long horse vaulting.
abstract: The optimum pre-flight characteristics of the Hecht and handspring somersault vaults were determined using a two-segment simulation model. The model consisted of an arm segment and a body segment connected by a frictionless pin joint, simulating the vault from the Reuther board take-off through to landing. During horse contact, shoulder torque was set to zero in the model. Five independent pre-flight variables were varied over realistic ranges and an objective function was maximized to find the optimum pre-flight for each vault. The Hecht vault required a low trajectory of the mass centre during pre-flight, with a low vertical velocity of the mass centre and a low angular velocity of the body at horse contact. In contrast, the optimum handspring somersault required a high pre-flight trajectory, with a high angular velocity of the body and a high vertical velocity at horse contact. Despite the simplicity of the model, the optimum pre-flights were similar to those used in competitive performances.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education, Sports Science and Recreation Management, Loughborough University, UK.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Yeadon
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Kerwin
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006173:Gymnastics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008432:Mathematical Computing; D008954:Models, Biological