title: Treatment with an anabolic agent is associated with improvement in respiratory function in persons with tetraplegia: a pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pulmonary complications are a major cause of morbidity and mortality among individuals with cervical spinal cord lesions. Strengthening of the respiratory musculature may reduce these complications. Anabolic steroids have been used to increase muscle mass and improve muscle performance. Oxandrolone, an anabolic steroid, may have beneficial effects on breathing in persons with tetraplegia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effect of one-month treatment with oxandrolone on weight gain and pulmonary function was studied in ten subjects with complete motor tetraplegia. Spirometry, maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures, and resting self-rating of dyspnea (Borg Scale) were measured at baseline and repeated again at the end of one month of oxandrolone therapy (20 mg/day). Serum lipid profiles and liver function tests were performed before and after treatment. A paired t-test was used to determine pre- and post-treatment differences on the dependent variables. Percent change from baseline was calculated for each variable and tested using a one-sample t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On average, the subjects gained 1.4+/-1.5 kg, a 2+/-2% increase in weight (p=0.01). A significant, 9+/-2% improvement was found in the combined measures of spirometry (p<0.005). Maximal inspiratory pressure improved an average of 10+/-7% (p<0.001). Maximal expiratory pressure improved 9+/-13% (non-significant). Subjective self-rating of dyspnea decreased an average of 37+/-28% (p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In healthy subjects with tetraplegia, the use of oxandrolone was associated with significant improvements in weight and pulmonary function, and a subjective reduction in breathlessness. Therefore, oxandrolone may be indicated to strengthen respiratory musculature in individuals who have tetraplegia and ventilatory insufficiency aggravated by superimposition of pneumonia or other such conditions. However, long-term use of oxandrolone may not be indicated, due to the adverse complications associated with this class of agents.
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Spungen
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Grimm
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Strakhan
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Pizzolato
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Bauman
mesh_terms: D045930:Anabolic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010074:Oxandrolone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D045930:Anabolic Agents; D010074:Oxandrolone