title: Effect of ethanol/propylene glycol on the in vitro percutaneous absorption of aspirin, biophysical changes and macroscopic barrier properties of the skin.
abstract: The effect of the solvent systems ethanol (EtOH), propylene glycol (PG) and combinations thereof was examined on the in vitro percutaneous absorption of the antithrombotic, aspirin, through porcine epidermis. Biophysical changes in the stratum corneum lipids were studied through the use of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Macroscopic barrier properties of the epidermis were examined through the use of in vitro transepidermal water loss (TEWL). The flux of aspirin increased with increasing concentrations of EtOH in the solvent systems. The maximum flux of aspirin was achieved by 80% EtOH in combination with 20% PG beyond which (i.e. 100% EtOH) there was no increase in the flux. FTIR spectroscopic study was enacted in order to determine the biophysical properties of the stratum corneum when the solvents were applied. The FTIR spectra of the stratum corneum treated with 80% EtOH/20% PG showed a maximum decrease in absorbance for the asymmetric and symmetric C&z. sbnd;H peaks, which suggests a greater loss of the lipids in the stratum corneum layers. In vitro TEWL studies allowed an investigation into the macroscopic barrier integrity properties of the stratum corneum. The TEWL results indicated that each of the solvent systems significantly enhanced (P<0.05) in vitro TEWL in comparison to the control. In conclusion, 80% EtOH/20% PG enhanced the percutaneous absorption of aspirin by perturbing the macroscopic barrier integrity of the stratum corneum and through a loss of stratum corneum lipids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Levang
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001241:Aspirin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004817:Epidermis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019946:Propylene Glycol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000187:drug effects*; D012997:Solvents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013552:Swine; D014870:Water Loss, Insensible / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles; D012997:Solvents; D000431:Ethanol; D019946:Propylene Glycol; D001241:Aspirin