title: Early angiographic results after revascularization by minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Anastomosing the left anterior descending artery (LAD) by use of the internal mammary artery (IMA) via an anterior minithoracotomy represents the most commonly performed minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB). However, little is known about angiographic results beyond patency rates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Therefore, a retrospective analysis of 205 consecutive control angiographies was performed evaluating anastomototic patency as well as the angiographic morphology of the left IMA and the LAD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall anastomotic patency rate was 98.0%. As a result of incomplete IMA preparation (6-15 cm) large side branches (n = 4), or an IMA course under tension (n = 6) were occasionally observed. Despite a tension-free course, the IMA appeared fixed to the chest wall without functional compromise in 21 cases. A restrictive thrombus formation occurred once, IMA dissection was not seen. Two of the grafts developed spasms. A distal IMA stenosis >50% was seen in five cases. Stenosis of the anastomosis (>50%) itself was found once, as well as unexpected malinsertation to diagonal branches (n = 4). Compared with preoperative angiograms, de novo stenoses of the LAD were assessed proximal (14< or =50%, 2>50%) and distal (15< or =50%, 2>50%) to the anastomosis. Elevation of the LAD out of the vascular bed was an additional finding (n = 12) in a few cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The overall patency of MIDCAB-LAD-grafting appears to be equivalent to conventional IMA grafting to the LAD. Particular angiographic findings, however, may be directly associated to the applied surgical technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cremer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mügge
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wittwer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boening
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kofidis
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Drexler
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haverich
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007387:Internal Mammary-Coronary Artery Anastomosis / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D011184:Postoperative Period; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014654:Vascular Patency