title: A dosimetry model of nickel compounds in the rat lung.
abstract: Experimental data from inhalation studies in rats were used to develop mathematical models of deposition, clearance, and retention kinetics for inhaled Ni compounds (high-temperature [green] NiO, Ni3S2, and NiSO4*6H2O) in the rat lung. For deposition, an updated version of an earlier model (Yu & Xu, 1986) was used in this study. Three major mechanisms of airway deposition-impaction, sedimentation, and diffusion-were considered in the deposition model. In the development of a clearance model, a single compartment model in the lung was used and a general assumption was made that the clearance of the insoluble and moderately soluble nickel compounds (high-temperature [green] NiO and Ni3S2, respectively) depends highly on the volume of retained particles in the lungs. For the highly soluble nickel compound (NiSO4 *6H2O), the clearance rate coefficient was assumed to depend on the retained particle mass and total alveolar surface. The retention half-time, however, was found to increase with the lung burden for high-temperature (green) NiO and NiSO4*6H2O particles but decrease with the lung burden for Ni3S2 particles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, Amherst, NY 14260, USA.
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Oberdörster
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D008954:Models, Biological; D009532:Nickel / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D009532:Nickel