title: Verification of linear lesions using a noncontact multielectrode array catheter versus conventional contact mapping techniques.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Creation of linear lesions is an established ablation goal. Verification of complete conduction block at the ablation line is required to determine ablation success. Conventional mapping techniques are sequential endocardial activation mapping and documentation of double potentials. Recently, a noncontact multielectrode array catheter was developed that allows instantaneous three-dimensional mapping by simultaneous reconstruction of > 3,000 electrograms. In this study, we prospectively compared the accuracy of noncontact mapping to identify discontinuities in linear lesions and to verify a conduction block with that of conventional mapping techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 12 patients with atrial flutter, radiofrequency pulses were applied between the tricuspid annulus and either the inferior vena cava or the eustachian ridge. Following each application, pulse propagation at the ablation line was determined during pacing by conventional mapping techniques. The findings were compared to high-density isopotential mapping using the noncontact multielectrode array catheter. It was found that noncontact mapping reliably distinguished conduction delays from a conduction block as defined by contact mapping. In addition, noncontact mapping instantaneously identified the area where a discontinuity in the line of block was present. In these patients, complete conduction block was achieved by radiofrequency pulses guided by the noncontact mapping system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Noncontact mapping is highly accurate in distinguishing conduction delays from a complete conduction block. By providing an instantaneous high-density propagation vector at all sites along the ablation line, three-dimensional isopotential mapping is helpful in localizing discontinuities of linear lesions and, thus, may facilitate the creation of a complete conduction block.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University of Bonn, Germany. Dr.B.Schumacher@Uni-Bonn.de
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schumacher
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lewalter
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wolpert
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lüderitz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001282:Atrial Flutter / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D018780:Body Surface Potential Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged