title: Altered open-field behavior in experimental chronic hepatic encephalopathy after single venlafaxine and citalopram challenges.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Latent or manifest chronic hepatic encephalopathy (HE) symptomatology often includes affective symptoms. It is therefore warranted to investigate the functional outcome of novel antidepressants when chronic HE prevails.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Portacaval shunt (PCS) in rats is a widely used experimental model for chronic HE, a neuropsychiatric syndrome accompanying liver dysfunction. HE is believed to arise from a primary alteration in neurotransmission in the CNS. PCS has been reported to increase the metabolism of serotonin in the brain, and thus the central serotonin nerve of PCS rats may contain more serotonin than normal. However, the functional relevance of this serotonergic alteration in terms of affecting behavioral performance of PCS rats has been only rarely studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Locomotor and rearing activities were recorded in PCS and sham-operated control rats. A single subcutaneous challenge with saline versus either the mixed serotonin/noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor venlafaxine (10 mg x kg(-1)) or the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram (5 mg x kg(-1)) were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PCS-saline injected rats showed reduced locomotor and rearing activity compared with sham-saline treated rats. While no significant differences could be observed following the venlafaxine challenge to controls, the PCS-venlafaxine challenged rats displayed reduced behavioral activity as compared to PCS-saline treated rats. The PCS-citalopram rats, however, displayed increased activity compared with the PCS-saline rats while, again, no effect of the citalopram challenge to controls was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study show altered but opposite behavior in PCS rats, when challenged with either venlafaxine or citalopram, compared to PCS control rats. These findings therefore support the contention that caution should be advocated when CNS monoamine active drugs are used in liver-impaired subjects until better delineation of the combined pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic outcome for each such drug in this condition has been made.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Lund University Hospital, Sweden.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Apelqvist
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wikell
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hindfelt
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Bergqvist
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bengtsson
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015283:Citalopram / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003511:Cyclohexanols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006501:Hepatic Encephalopathy / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D008124:Locomotion / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride
chemical_list: D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; D015283:Citalopram; D003511:Cyclohexanols; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride