title: The prolyl isomerase Pin1 restores the function of Alzheimer-associated phosphorylated tau protein.
abstract: One of the neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease is the neurofibrillary tangle, which contains paired helical filaments (PHFs) composed of the microtubule-associated protein tau. Tau is hyperphosphorylated in PHFs, and phosphorylation of tau abolishes its ability to bind microtubules and promote microtubule assembly. Restoring the function of phosphorylated tau might prevent or reverse PHF formation in Alzheimer's disease. Phosphorylation on a serine or threonine that precedes proline (pS/T-P) alters the rate of prolyl isomerization and creates a binding site for the WW domain of the prolyl isomerase Pin1. Pin1 specifically isomerizes pS/T-P bonds and regulates the function of mitotic phosphoproteins. Here we show that Pin1 binds to only one pT-P motif in tau and copurifies with PHFs, resulting in depletion of soluble Pin1 in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients. Pin1 can restore the ability of phosphorylated tau to bind microtubules and promote microtubule assembly in vitro. As depletion of Pin1 induces mitotic arrest and apoptotic cell death, sequestration of Pin1 into PHFs may contribute to neuronal death. These findings provide a new insight into the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Biology Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wulf
authors.forename: X Z
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000378:metabolism*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001665:Binding Sites; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism; D008938:Mitosis; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D000072340:NIMA-Interacting Peptidylprolyl Isomerase; D019696:Peptidylprolyl Isomerase / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011485:Protein Binding; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014981:Xenopus; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000072340:NIMA-Interacting Peptidylprolyl Isomerase; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D016875:tau Proteins; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; C000606846:PIN1 protein, human; D019696:Peptidylprolyl Isomerase