title: Financial assistance from middle-aged couples to parents and children: racial-ethnic differences.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine racial-ethnic differences in the allocation of financial transfers to parents, children, and others by middle-aged couples.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multinomial specification of alternative recipients of financial transfers, using data from the 1992 Health and Retirement Survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Transfer patterns are sensitive to parental health and wealth, to children being young or in school, as well as to the donors' health and wealth. Controlling for these and other factors, including family size and structure, Blacks and Whites are the most likely, and Hispanics the least likely, to financially help their parents compared to assisting offspring. Black couples are the most likely to sacrifice their own consumption to assist parents financially.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Future research on transfers should attempt to capture unmeasured noneconomic sources of variation proxied by the race-ethnicity indicator.
authors.affiliation: Department of Demography, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., USA. rwong@gusun.georgetown.edu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Capoferro
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Soldo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D005006:Ethnicity; D005195:Family Relations; D005260:Female; D005382:Financing, Personal; D006801:Humans; D016901:Intergenerational Relations; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D044469:Racial Groups