title: Effect of cocaine on intracellular calcium regulation in myometrium from pregnant women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of cocaine on intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i) regulation in human myometrial cells by determining the sources of Ca2+ it might mobilize, as well as assess the role cocaine might play in the catecholamine's effect on the cell's [Ca2+]i.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary culture of myometrial cells from pregnant women was used as an experimental model. [Ca2+]i relative changes in response to cocaine and norepinephrine were measured with fura-2 fluorometry and analyzed by means of one-way analysis of variance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cocaine alone (10(-8) to 10(-3) mol/L) increased [Ca2+]i by up to 43 +/- 18% over basal level in a dose-dependent manner. Norepinephrine also elevated [Ca2+]i in a concentration-dependent manner (202 +/- 24% over basal level at 10(-4) mol/L). The norepinephrine-evoked increase was inhibited in Ca(2+)-free media by 48%, whereas the cocaine response was not affected. The Ca(2+)-channel antagonist nifedipine caused decrease in the [Ca2+]i response to 10(-5) mol/L of norepinephrine by 84%, whereas the [Ca2+]i rise to 10(-5) mol/L cocaine was not significantly changed. Inhibitor of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump, thapsigargin, completely blocked cocaine-evoked increases in [Ca2+]i, whereas norepinephrine responses were greatly reduced. At the same time, cocaine (10(-8) to 10(-3) mol/L) did not potentiate norepinephrine-evoked Ca2+]i increases in the cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that cocaine increases [Ca2+]i in pregnant human myometrial cells, primarily by stimulating release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores rather than by direct stimulation of Ca2+ influx.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, USA. vfomin@iupui.edu
authors.forename: V P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Fomin
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Natarajan
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Hurd
mesh_terms: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003042:Cocaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007424:Intracellular Fluid / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009215:Myometrium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011247:Pregnancy; D019284:Thapsigargin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D019284:Thapsigargin; D003042:Cocaine; D009543:Nifedipine; D002118:Calcium; D009638:Norepinephrine