title: Polymorphism of beta2-glycoprotein I at codons 306 and 316 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the frequency of mutations in the phospholipid binding domain of beta2-glycoprotein I (beta2GPI) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and/or antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), and to analyze the clinical correlations of such mutations with thromboembolic complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Exons 7 and 8 of beta2GPI, which encode for its fifth domain, were amplified by polymerase chain reaction, and the presence of mutations was determined by restriction digestion and single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. A clinical correlation with these mutations and the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), lupus anticoagulant (LAC), anti-beta2GPI antibody, and the development of thromboembolic complications was performed using chi-square and Fisher's exact tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From a total of 143 patients studied, we found that 5.6% were heterozygous for the mutation at exon 7 (codon 306), and 7.7% were heterozygous for the mutation at exon 8 (codon 316). No homozygous subjects were found for either mutation. No significant correlation between these mutations and the presence of aPL, LAC, or anti-beta2GPI antibodies was found. In patients with SLE (n = 95), 4 of 6 patients with exon 8 mutation had thrombosis, compared with 22 of 82 patients without the mutation (P = 0.043).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of mutations in the fifth domain of beta2GPI in these patients with SLE and/or APS were similar to those previously reported for the general population. Heterozygosity for either mutation does not influence the incidence of aPL, but in patients with SLE, the mutation at exon 8 may predispose to thrombosis as an independent factor.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston 77030, USA.
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Gushiken
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Arnett
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thiagarajan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid / Q000097:blood; D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D003062:Codon / Q000235:genetics*; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D004262:DNA Restriction Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000737:chemistry; D016682:Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor / Q000032:analysis; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D017354:Point Mutation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D018807:Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; D011247:Pregnancy; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000235:genetics; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I
chemical_list: D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid; D003062:Codon; D017931:DNA Primers; D006023:Glycoproteins; D016682:Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I; D004247:DNA; D004262:DNA Restriction Enzymes