title: Effects of a chargrilled meat diet on expression of CYP3A, CYP1A, and P-glycoprotein levels in healthy volunteers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Carcinogenic heterocyclic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons present in chargrilled meat are substrates for inducible CYP1A and CYP3A enzymes and for P-glycoprotein. We examined whether consumption of a chargrilled meat diet results in induction of these proteins.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten healthy adults were fed a diet enriched with chargrilled meat for 7 days. Duodenal biopsy specimens were obtained on days 1, 5, and 12 and analyzed for CYP1A, CYP3A, and P-glycoprotein messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein. On days 5 and 12, hepatic CYP3A4 and CYP1A2 activities were measured and colon biopsies were performed. The levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon DNA adducts in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were measured on days 1, 4, 11, and 26.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no detectable induction of CYP3A4, CYP3A5, or P-glycoprotein mRNAs or protein in small intestine or colon and no induction of hepatic CYP3A4 enzyme activity. In contrast, the chargrilled meat diet resulted in unequivocal induction of CYP1A enzymes in the liver and small intestine of each subject. There was an inverse correlation between the level of peripheral polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon DNA adducts measured on day 11 and both liver CYP1A2 activity (P = 0.027) and enterocyte CYP1A1 protein concentration (P = 0.046).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ingestion of chargrilled meat results in induction of CYP1A enzymes but not CYP3A4 or P-glycoprotein. This observation, combined with the correlation between adduct levels and CYP1A expression, supports an adaptive role for CYP1A but not CYP3A4 or P-glycoprotein.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Fontana
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lown
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Paine
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fortlage
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Santella
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Felton
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Knize
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Watkins
mesh_terms: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; D002606:Charcoal; D003106:Colon / Q000378:metabolism; D003296:Cooking; D019388:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism*; D018736:DNA Adducts / Q000097:blood; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat; D008875:Middle Aged; D010089:Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating / Q000378:metabolism*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000494:pharmacology; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D018736:DNA Adducts; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D002606:Charcoal; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; D019388:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D010089:Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating