title: Photobleaching of arterial fluorescent compounds: characterization of elastin, collagen and cholesterol time-resolved spectra during prolonged ultraviolet irradiation.
abstract: To study the photobleaching of the main fluorescent compounds of the arterial wall, we repeatedly measured the time-resolved fluorescence of elastin, collagen and cholesterol during 560 s of excitation with nitrogen laser pulses. Three fluence rate levels were used: 0.72, 7.25 and 21.75 microW/mm2. The irradiation-related changes of the fluorescence intensity and of the time-resolved fluorescence decay constants were characterized for the emission at 390, 430 and 470 nm. The fluorescence intensity at 390 nm decreased by 25-35% when the fluence delivered was 4 mJ/mm2, a common value in fluorescence studies of the arterial wall. Cholesterol fluorescence photobleached the most, and elastin fluorescence photobleached the least. Photobleaching was most intense at 390 nm and least intense at 470 nm such that the emission spectra of the three compounds were markedly distorted by photobleaching. The time-resolved decay constants and the fluorescence lifetime were not altered by irradiation when the fluence was below 4 mJ/mm2. The spectral distortions associated with photobleaching complicate the interpretation of arterial wall fluorescence in terms of tissue content in elastin, collagen and cholesterol. Use of the time-dependent features of the emission that are not altered by photobleaching should increase the accuracy of arterial wall analysis by fluorescence spectroscopy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90089-1451, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Marcu
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Grundfest
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Maarek
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001158:Arteries / Q000737:chemistry*; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis; D002417:Cattle; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects*; D003094:Collagen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004549:Elastin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D010777:Photochemistry; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000295:instrumentation; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D003094:Collagen; D004549:Elastin; D002784:Cholesterol