title: Use of a theloscopic triangulation technique for endoscopic treatment of teat obstructions in cows.
abstract: A method for endoscopic resection of obstructing tissue in the area of the teat canal opening into the teat sinus, using a triangulation technique, was developed. Benefits of this approach, compared with existing methods, include excellent observation of obstructing tissue, ease of manipulation of tissue flaps by use of a probe introduced through the teat canal, and precise excision of obstructing tissue by use of a pair of scissors introduced through an instrument portal. Outcomes for 12 cows treated with this technique were determined 2 weeks and 3 months after surgery. Three or more months after surgery, outcome was excellent in 10 of 12 cows, and 11 owners would opt for use of the procedure for other valuable cows in their herds.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Food Animals and Horses, University of Berne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hirsbrunner
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Steiner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000662:veterinary