title: Arteriovenous malformation of the cervical spinal cord in a dog.
abstract: An 8-year-old female German Shepherd dog showed first order Horner's syndrome associated with progressive right-sided hemiplegia and mega-oesophagus. Intramedullary and leptomeningeal arteriovenous malformation (AVM) was identified in the cervical spinal cord. The morphological characteristics were arteriovenous shunting, intramedullary multiple thromboses and haemorrhage, non-inflammatory necrosis of white and grey matter around the shunt, and intervening neural gliosis with neovascularization. These findings suggested that the malformation induced a focal circulatory disturbance within the cervical spinal cord and that fatal thrombosis was responsible for the sudden onset of the nervous signs and progressive neurological deterioration. This is the first report of intramedullary spinal AVM in a dog.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hayashida
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ochiai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kadosawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Umemura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D006732:Horner Syndrome / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology; D013118:Spinal Cord Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*