title: M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors regulate cytoplasmic myosin by a process involving RhoA and requiring conventional protein kinase C isoforms.
abstract: Although muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) regulate the activity of smooth muscle myosin, the effects of mAChR activation on cytoplasmic myosin have not been characterized. We found that activation of transfected human M3 mAChR induces the phosphorylation of myosin light chains (MLC) and the formation of myosin-containing stress fibers in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-m3) cells. Direct activation of protein kinase C (PKC) with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) also induces myosin light chain phosphorylation and myosin reorganization in CHO-m3 cells. Conventional (alpha), novel (delta), and atypical (iota) PKC isoforms are activated by mAChR stimulation or PMA treatment in CHO-m3 cells, as indicated by PKC translocation or degradation. mAChR-mediated myosin reorganization is abolished by inhibiting conventional PKC isoforms with Go6976 (IC50 = 0.4 microM), calphostin C (IC50 = 2.4 microM), or chelerythrine (IC50 = 8.0 microM). Stable expression of dominant negative RhoAAsn-19 diminishes, but does not abolish, mAChR-mediated myosin reorganization in the CHO-m3 cells. Similarly, mAChR-mediated myosin reorganization is diminished, but not abolished, in CHO-m3 cells which are multi-nucleate due to inactivation of Rho with C3 exoenzyme. Expression of dominant negative RhoAAsn-19 or inactivation of RhoA with C3 exoenzyme does not affect PMA-induced myosin reorganization. These findings indicate that the PKC-mediated pathway of myosin reorganization (induced either by M3 mAChR activation or PMA treatment) can continue to operate even when RhoA activity is diminished in CHO-m3 cells. Conventional PKC isoforms and RhoA may participate in separate but parallel pathways induced by M3 mAChR activation to regulate cytoplasmic myosin. Changes in cytoplasmic myosin elicited by M3 mAChR activation may contribute to the unique ability of these receptors to regulate cell morphology, adhesion, and proliferation.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Guthrie Research Institute, Sayre, Pennsylvania 18840, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Strassheim
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: May
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Varker
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Puhl
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Phelps
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Aronstam
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Noti
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D036002:ADP Ribose Transferases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001905:Botulinum Toxins; D016466:CHO Cells; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology; D006224:Cricetinae; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D009218:Myosins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism*; D043643:Receptor, Muscarinic M1; D043587:Receptor, Muscarinic M3; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000378:metabolism*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D020742:rhoA GTP-Binding Protein
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D043643:Receptor, Muscarinic M1; D043587:Receptor, Muscarinic M3; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D002217:Carbachol; D036002:ADP Ribose Transferases; C063007:exoenzyme C3, Clostridium botulinum; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D001905:Botulinum Toxins; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D009218:Myosins; D020742:rhoA GTP-Binding Protein; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate