title: Course of IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha in the middle ear fluid of the guinea pig otitis media model induced by nonviable Haemophilus influenzae.
abstract: To characterize the local response in acute otitis media, courses of interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)alpha in middle ear fluid (MEF) of the guinea pig otitis media model induced by nonviable Haemophilus influenzae were investigated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. The IL-1beta concentration in H. influenzae-inoculated ears peaked 24 hours after inoculation. The IL-8 concentration was significantly higher in H. influenzae-inoculated ears than in controls 48 and 96 hours after inoculation. The TNF-alpha concentration in H. influenzae-inoculated ears had an initial peak 6 hours after inoculation and had significant late increases 48 and 96 hours after inoculation. The results suggest that IL-1beta and TNF-alpha were produced by middle ear mucosa in the early stage of the experiment by stimulation of bacterial inoculation, which caused subsequent inflammatory cell accumulation, and that IL-8 and TNF-alpha were produced in the late stage by accumulating inflammatory cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Niigata University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawana
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nonomura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakano
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology; D003429:Cross Reactions; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004432:Ear, Middle / Q000276:immunology*; D005122:Exudates and Transudates / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006192:Haemophilus Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology*; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha