title: Functional and morphological findings in heart transplant recipients with a normal coronary angiogram: an analysis by dobutamine stress echocardiography, intracoronary Doppler and intravascular ultrasound.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Coronary angiography is still the routine screening method for cardiac allograft vasculopathy in most transplant centers. This study was designed to analyze functional and morphologic changes in heart transplant recipients with normal angiographic findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dobutamine stress echocardiography and intracoronary ultrasound were obtained in 56 patients with a normal coronary angiogram 41+/-31 months after heart transplantation. Intracoronary Doppler flow velocity measurements before and after intracoronary adenosine administration were performed in 34 of 56 patients. Any regional wall motion abnormalities detected by stress echocardiography were regarded as abnormal. By quantitative intracoronary ultrasound analysis using a 6-grade scale, a mean grade of all coronary segments >3.0 was defined as significant intimal hyperplasia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only 17 patients (30%) showed both a normal dobutamine stress echocardiogram and absence of significant intimal hyperplasia by intravascularultrasound. Abnormal findings were observed in 39 patients (70%): both by dobutamine stress echocardiography and intravascular ultrasound in 22 patients, by intravascular ultrasound alone in 11 patients, and by dobutamine stress echocardiography alone in 6 patients. Coronary flow velocity reserve did not discriminate between patients with normal or abnormal intravascular ultrasound or dobutamine stress echocardiographic findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Only a minority of heart transplant patients with a normal coronary angiogram is free of pathological changes, when assessed by intravascular ultrasound and dobutamine stress echocardiography. Coronary flow velocity reserve does not seem useful to further characterize these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University of Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Spes
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Klauss
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rieber
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Schnaack
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Tammen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Uberfuhr
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Reichart
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Theisen
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Angermann
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mudra
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001706:Biopsy; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004280:Dobutamine; D004452:Echocardiography; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods; D016027:Heart Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D007269:Injections, Intra-Arterial; D008875:Middle Aged; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D004280:Dobutamine; D000241:Adenosine