title: Increased urinary atrial natriuretic peptide-like immunoreactivity excretion but decreased plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentration in patients with hyperosmolar-hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to measure urinary atrial natriuretic peptide-like immunoreactivity (ANP-LI) and plasma ANP concentration in patients with hyperosmolar-hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS) to investigate the change of renal ANP-LI and cardiac ANP synthesis in volume-depleted diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The urine ANP-LI:creatinine ratio, plasma ANP level, and plasma renin activity (PRA) were measured in 12 patients with HHNS during the acute stage and after recovery, in 28 oral hypoglycemic agent (OHA)-treated type 2 diabetic patients, and in 23 normal subjects. ANP and PRA were measured by radioimmunoassay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  These HHNS patients had severe hyperglycemia and hyperosmolality as well as increased blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and PRA levels, as compared with normal subjects and OHA-treated type 2 diabetic patients. In these patients, the urinary ANP-LI:creatinine ratio (11.69 +/- 2.11 pmol/mmol) was significantly increased in comparison with the normal group (1.78 +/- 0.11 pmol/mmol) and OHA-treated diabetic patients (2.43 +/- 0.45 pmol/mmol), whereas plasma ANP concentration (5.12 +/- 0.72 pmol/l) was significantly lower than the corresponding values of the normal group (7.39 +/- 0.85 pmol/l) and OHA-treated diabetic patients (8.43 +/- 1.05 pmol/l). All of these abnormalities were significantly ameliorated after insulin, fluid, and electrolyte replacement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data show that urinary ANP-LI was significantly increased, whereas plasma ANP concentration was decreased, in the face of raised PRA in HHNS patients. This study indicates that renal ANP-LI substances and cardiac ANP may exhibit different responsiveness in diabetic patients with HHNS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kaohsiung Medical College, Taiwan.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Hsiao
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Tsai
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D006944:Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Coma / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D012016:Reference Values; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D003404:Creatinine; D012083:Renin