title: Management of moderate-to-severe Marcus-Gunn jaw-winking ptosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the results of levator excision and frontalis suspension for moderate-to-severe Marcus-Gunn jaw-winking ptosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective noncomparative case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four patients with moderate-to-severe Marcus-Gunn jaw-winking ptosis (21 unilateral and 3 bilateral) were treated surgically between 1978 and 1997 by one surgeon.
  
  
  METHODS
  Levator excision either in the involved eyelid or in both eyelids, followed by bilateral frontalis suspension, was performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Postoperative improvement of jaw-winking was determined. The surgical results of ptosis surgery were assessed as good, fair, or poor based on habitual upper eyelid heights and symmetry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postoperative follow-up periods ranged from 6 months to 153 months, with an average of 36.9 months. After levator excision in a total of 27 eyelids exhibiting jaw-winking, 10 eyelids (37.0%) showed complete resolution of jaw-winking, and 13 eyelids (48.2%) showed mild winking (1 mm or less) on the lateral jaw movement only (functionally and cosmetically not a problem). In four eyelids (14.8%), these results were not recorded. In the group of five patients undergoing bilateral frontalis suspension and levator excision only on the involved side, final results were good in two patients (40%) and poor in three (60%). Of the 19 patients who underwent bilateral levator excision, final results were good in 13 (68.4%) and fair in 6 (31.6%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For moderate-to-severe jaw-winking ptosis, bilateral frontalis suspension after bilateral levator excision generally provided satisfactory correction of both jaw-winking and ptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison Medical School, 53792, USA.
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Khwarg
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Tarbet
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Dortzbach
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lucarelli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000151:congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D001767:Blinking; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005143:Eyelids / Q000601:surgery*; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000294:innervation; D005206:Fascia Lata / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000294:innervation / Q000601:surgery*; D009802:Oculomotor Nerve / Q000002:abnormalities*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013577:Syndrome; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014276:Trigeminal Nerve / Q000002:abnormalities*