title: Intravenous hydroxyethylrutosides combined with long-term oral anticoagulation in atherosclerotic nonreconstructable critical leg ischemia: a retrospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate in a group of seriously diseased patients with nonreconstructable chronic critical leg ischemia (CLI), treated by a combination of i.v. hydroxyethylrutosides (HR)* and oral anticoagulation (AC) by warfarin, the short-term effects on the cutaneous microvascular blood perfusion of the soles of feet and especially the long-term clinical outcome in terms of amputation and death.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective comparison between two groups of patients, HR + AC and a comparable reference group, fulfilling the same inclusion and exclusion criteria corresponding to the definition of CLI according to the Second European Consensus Document (1991). Clinical follow-up in both groups was made after 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were examined at university departments of clinical physiology with special interest in peripheral vascular disease, in cooperation with colleagues at university departments of surgery, internal medicine and dermatology of Karolinska Hospital, Södersjukhuset and Huddinge Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of seventy patients with CLI according to the definition of the Second European Consensus Document, 1991, ie, besides severe rest pain or ischemic lesions also a toe blood pressure < 30 mg Hg. Group with HR + anticoagulation (AC): 42 patients (19 diabetics, 23 nondiabetics). Reference group: 28 patients (18 diabetics, 10 nondiabetics). For distribution of age and toe blood pressure at baseline, see Table I.
  
  
  METHODS
  Therapy group: besides ordinary standard therapy, daily HR infusions for a mean period of 3.6 weeks + oral anticoagulation continued to the end of the study at 24 months. A comparable reference group on the same basic therapy but without the combination HR + AC. PARAMETERS IN EVALUATION: Short-term parameters: clinical data, skin temperature, and fluorescein imaging. Long-term outcome: amputation or death.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Short-term and long-term results with HR + AC indicated that patients with severe CLI and very poor prognosis benefited in terms of survival and limb salvage from initial therapy with HR infusion combined with long-term oral anticoagulation. Results of this combined treatment seem at least comparable with those with i.v. prostacyclin analogies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Physiology of Karolinska Hospital and Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lund
authors.forename: P O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Glenne
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Inácio
authors.forename: U B
authors.initials: UB
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lavstedt
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schiötz
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tillgren
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D000671:Amputation, Surgical; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003287:Contrast Media; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D019793:Fluorescein; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005528:Foot / Q000098:blood supply / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D006896:Hydroxyethylrutoside / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007511:Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000601:surgery; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012881:Skin Temperature / Q000187:drug effects; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014859:Warfarin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D003287:Contrast Media; D006896:Hydroxyethylrutoside; D014859:Warfarin; D019793:Fluorescein