title: Evidence for cortical dysfunction in clinically non-demented patients with Parkinson's disease: a proton MR spectroscopy study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) can detect cortical dysfunction in non-demented patients with Parkinson's disease, and to correlate changes with cognitive function on formal neuropsychological testing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multivoxel 1H MRS was performed in 17 patients with levodopa treated idiopathic Parkinson's disease with out clinical dementia, and 10 age match ed control subjects. Measurements of N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/choline (Cho), NAA/creatine+phosphocreatine (Cr), and Cho/Cr were obtained from right and left temporoparietal cortex and occipital cortex. Fourteen patients with Parkinson's disease underwent a full battery of neuropsychological testing including performance and verbal subtests of the WAIS-R, Boston naming test, FAS test, and California verbal learning test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant temporoparietal cortex reductions in NAA/Cr ratios in right and left averaged spectra of the patients with Parkinson's disease (p=0.012 after Bonferroni correction) and in spectra contralateral to the worst clinically affected limbs of the patients with Parkinson's disease compared with controls (p = 0.003 after Bonferroni correction). There was a significant correlation between reduction in NAA/Cr ratios and measures of global cognitive decline, occurring independently of motor impairment (p=0.019).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that 1H MRS can detect temporoparietal cortical dysfunction in non-demented patients with Parkinson's disease. Further longitudinal studies are needed to investigate whether these 1H MRS changes are predictive of future cognitive impairment in the subset of patients with Parkinson's disease who go on to develop dementia, or occur as part of the normal Parkinson's disease process.
authors.affiliation: Robert Steiner MR Unit, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Taylor-Robinson
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Chaudhuri
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Clough
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Turjanski
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000523:psychology; D011522:Protons
chemical_list: D011522:Protons