title: [Structure of chromatin and chromosomes in preparations of interphase nucleus derivatives, prepared by removal of the nucleuar envelopes. II. Structure of chromatin and associations of chromosomes in stretched amembranous nuclei and mitotic figures].
abstract: Preparations of surface stretched amembranous nuclei and mitotic figures were used for revealing the high order nuclear and chromosomal structures. The preparations were obtained by dropping amembraneous nuclei and mitotic figures suspension in methanol-glacial acetic acid mixture (3:1) on wetted superclean slides. Amembraneous nuclei and mitotic figures were isolated from intact murine and human cells (lines L1210, SK-UT-1B, PHA-stimulated lymphocytes) by means of their 1-5 min prefixational capillary pipetting with freshly prepared 0.018-0.06% Triton X-100 solution in the conditional cultural medium. Stretched amembraneous nuclei and mitotic figures had no features of induced chromatin dispersion and compaction. Stretched interphase amembraneous nuclei showed spatially separated individual structures (thin chromatin fibres, nucleoli, intranuclear bodies), polymorphous pattern of perinucleolar chromatin aggregation and episodically expressed beaded thick chromatin fibres and a chromocenter. The chromomeric pattern of the spread chromosomes of mitotic figures was quite similar but hardly identical with that of G-banding. The stretched prometaphase mitotic figures in all tested cell types always contained loose "residual" nucleoli looking like typical prophase nucleoli as concerns their shape and number per cell (mitotic figure). The majority of chromosomes of stretched mitotic figures and of prophase amembraneous nuclei were attached to the nucleolar material. All tested cell lines showed almost the same variation in number of nucleolus-attached chromosomes, per both prophase amembraneous nucleus and prometaphase mitotic figure. Some chromosomes of stretched mitotic figures were colocated with "residual" nucleoli and looked shortened and strongly condensed. Other chromosomes, locally associated with "residual" nucleoli, were straight and oriented radially to these. Mutual chromosomal arrangements in mitotic cells on smears and in stretched mitotic figures were analogous. Equatorial plates from PBS-washed SK-UT-1B cells displayed a better stretching capacity than those from untreated cells. In the former case metaphase chromosomes were seen more uniformly stretched and well identified after GTG-banding procedure. The number of interchromosomal (mainly telomere-telomeric and telomere-centromeric) connections per stretched mitotic figure (or per stretched prophase amembraneous nucleus) was minimum in late prometaphase, maximum in prophase and early prometaphase, and intermediate in metaphase. The obtained data are discussed in terms of topology and longitudinal heterogeneity of mitotic chromosomes.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg.
authors.forename: S Iu
authors.initials: SIu
authors.lastname: Demin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D002843:Chromatin / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D002875:Chromosomes / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D006801:Humans; D007399:Interphase / Q000502:physiology*; D007939:Leukemia L1210 / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008938:Mitosis / Q000502:physiology*; D009685:Nuclear Envelope / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin
vernacular_title: Issledovanie struktury khromatina i khromosom na preparatakh derivatov interfaznykh iader, polychennykh putem udaleniia obolochek iader. II. Struktura khromatina i assotsiatsiia khromosom v rastianutykh amembrannykh iadrakh i mitoticheksikh figurakh.