title: Occupational, environmental, and life-style factors associated with the risk of hematolymphopoietic malignancies in women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The etiology of lymphomas, leukemias, and multiple myeloma is still largely unknown. The known risk factors (ionizing radiation, solvent exposure, pesticide exposure, immunosuppression) explain only a small proportion of the cases that occur.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a multicenter population-based case-control study on hematolymphopoietic malignancies in Italy and interviewed 2,011 women (1,183 cases and 828 controls).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a suggestion of a positive association between smoking and the risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma + chronic lymphocytic leukemia. A slight increased risk of leukemias was observed among women using permanent hair dye. Housewives were at increased risk for leukemia and multiple myeloma. The risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas + chronic lymphocytic leukemia, leukemias, multiple myeloma, and Hodgkin's disease increased among women employed as hairdressers and textile workers. Teachers were at increased risk for non-Hodgkin's lymphomas + chronic lymphocytic leukemia, leukemias, and Hodgkin's disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results confirm previous associations and may provide additional clues to some determinants of hematolymphopoietic malignancies in women.
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology Unit, Center for Study and Prevention of Cancer, Az. Ospedaliera Careggi, Florence, Italy. epid@ats.it
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Miligi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seniori Costantini
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Crosignani
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fontana
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Masala
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nanni
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ramazzotti
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rodella
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stagnaro
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tumino
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Viganò
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vindigni
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vineis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004522:Educational Status; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006202:Hair Dyes / Q000009:adverse effects; D019337:Hematologic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D007938:Leukemia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008019:Life Style; D016015:Logistic Models; D008206:Lymphatic Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009790:Occupations / Q000145:classification / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D016387:Women's Health; D014931:Women, Working / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D006202:Hair Dyes