title: Pitfalls in the application of enzyme-linked immunoassays for the detection of circulating trypanosomal antigens in serum samples.
abstract: The experimental infection of two goats with Trypanosoma vivax trypanosomes provided samples for analysis using parasitology techniques and antigen-detection enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for T. vivax, T. congolense and T. brucei. Clinical, parasitological and serological findings were monitored during the course of infection to identify problems in the application of these ELISAs. The data clearly showed that the ELISAs examined were entirely unsuitable for the reliable detection of trypanosomal antigen. Consequently, research strategies pertinent to the development of a new generation of both antigen and antibody ELISAs are outlined considering the problems encountered. These were (1) the reactivity of the reagents; (2) the specificity of the reagents; (3) the nature of the test sample, e.g. the compartmentalisation of trypanosomes between plasma, serum and red blood cells; (4) possible interference with the ELISA through immune complexing; and (5) the biology of the host/trypanosome relationship to gain an understanding of fluctuations in trypanosomes in the systemic circulation.
authors.affiliation: Animal Production Unit, Food and Agriculture Organisation/International Atomic Energy Agency Agriculture and Biotechnology Laboratory, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria. D.Rebeski@iaea.org
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Rebeski
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Winger
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Van Rooij
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schöchl
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schuller
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Dwinger
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Crowther
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wright
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000097:blood*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D006041:Goats; D018512:Parasitemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000469:parasitology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014346:Trypanosoma brucei brucei / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014348:Trypanosoma congolense / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016689:Trypanosoma vivax / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014353:Trypanosomiasis, African / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D000953:Antigens, Protozoan