title: Recurrence and survival after surgical management of rectal cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reported local recurrence rates for rectal cancer are significantly reduced using a combination of superior surgical technique, in the form of total mesorectal excision, and routine radiotherapy. In an attempt to determine the effectiveness of current local management strategies, a review of Vancouver Island Cancer Centre patients with rectal cancer was performed and the overall local recurrence rate was identified.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 272 rectal cancer patients from 1988 to 1998. Two hundred and twenty-nine patients met inclusion criteria. Analysis of patient factors included age, gender, type of surgery, and adjuvant therapy. Tumors were assessed for level, stage, and grade. Local recurrence and distant metastases were also documented. Variables influencing local recurrence in this group were identified and disease-free and actuarial survival determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 229 patients analyzed, 12.7% (29) had local recurrences. Variables influencing local recurrence were number of positive lymph nodes, vascular invasion, and neural invasion. There was no significant difference in local recurrence between patients having anterior resection and those having abdominoperineal resection. None of the patients who received preoperative radiotherapy had a local recurrence. Actuarial disease-free survival was 87% at 5 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Limiting local recurrence is one of the most important goals in the treatment of rectal cancer. It is essential to identify those patients with "high risk" tumors as identified by endorectal ultrasound or pathologic features. These patients comprise the group most likely to benefit from a routine mesorectal excision combined with adjuvant radiotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Services, Capital Health Region, and the Vancouver Island Cancer Centre, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rusnak
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Weinerman
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kuechler
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: MacLachlan
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Frew
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dunlop
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D018579:Patient Selection; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D012007:Rectum / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016019:Survival Analysis