title: Relative bioavailability of sodium cromoglycate to the lung following inhalation, using urinary excretion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if a urinary excretion method, previously described for salbutamol, could also indicate the relative bioavailability of sodium cromoglycate to the lung following inhalation from a metered dose inhaler. Method Inhaled (INH), inhaled+oral charcoal (INHC), oral (ORAL) and oral+oral charcoal (ORALC) 20 mg doses of sodium cromoglycate were given via a randomised cross-over design to 11 healthy volunteers trained on how to use a metered dose inhaler. Urine samples were collected at 0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and up to 24 h post dosing and the sodium cromoglycate urinary concentration was measured using a high performance liquid chromatographic method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No sodium cromoglycate was detected in the urine up to 24 h following ORALC dosing. A mean (s.d.) of 3.6 (4.3) microg, 10.4 (10.9) microg and 83.7 (71.1) microg of the ORAL dose was excreted, in the urine, during the 0.5, 1.0 and 24 h post dose collection periods, respectively. Following INH dosing, the renal excretion was significantly higher (P<0.01) with 32.9 (14.5) microg, 61.2 (28.3) microg and 305.6 (82.3) microg excreted, respectively. The SCG excreted at 0.5, 1.0 and 24 h collection periods following INHC dosing were 26.3 (8.4) microg, 49.3 (18.1) microg and 184.9 (98.4) microg, respectively. There was no significant difference between the excretion rate of sodium cromoglycate following INHC when compared with INH dosing in the first 0.5 and 1.0 h.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The urinary excretion of sodium cromoglycate in the first 0.5 h post inhalation can be used to compare the relative lung deposition of two inhaled products or of the same product using different inhalation techniques. This represents the relative bioavailability of sodium cromoglycate to the lung following inhalation. Similar 24 h urinary excretion of sodium cromoglycate can be use to compare the total dose delivered to the body from two different inhalation products/inhalation methods. This represents the relative bioavailability of sodium cromoglycate to the body following inhalation. Because of the lack of difference between the INH and INHC in the first 0.5 h, the use of activated charcoal is not necessary when this method is used to compare the relative lung bioavailability of different products or techniques.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK.
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Aswania
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Corlett
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chrystyn
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000328:Adult; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001682:Biological Availability; D002606:Charcoal / Q000494:pharmacology; D004205:Cromolyn Sodium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents; D002606:Charcoal; D004205:Cromolyn Sodium