title: Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1 activates androgen receptor-dependent transcription and apoptosis in prostate cancer.
abstract: Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases phosphorylate the estrogen receptor and activate transcription from estrogen receptor-regulated genes. Here we examine potential interactions between the MAP kinase cascade and androgen receptor-mediated gene regulation. Specifically, we have studied the biological effects of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1 (MEKK1) expression in prostate cancer cells. Our findings demonstrate that expression of constitutively active MEKK1 induces apoptosis in androgen receptor-positive but not in androgen receptor-negative prostate cancer cells. Reconstitution of the androgen receptor signaling pathway in androgen receptor-negative prostate cancer cells restores MEKK1-induced apoptosis. MEKK1 also stimulates the transcriptional activity of the androgen receptor in the presence or absence of ligand, whereas a dominant negative mutant of MEKK1 impairs activation of the androgen receptor by androgen. These studies demonstrate an unanticipated link between MEKK1 and hormone receptor signaling and have implications for the molecular basis of hormone-independent prostate cancer growth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Abreu-Martin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chari
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Palladino
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Craft
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Sawyers
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048728:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 1; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048728:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 1; C482576:MAP3K1 protein, human; C482578:Map3k1 protein, mouse