title: "Blind" placement of long-term central venous access devices: report of 589 consecutive procedures.
abstract: Placement of long-term central venous access devices, such as Hickman catheters and implanted subcutaneous ports, has traditionally been performed in the operating room with fluoroscopy. This study reports our experience with percutaneous placement of these devices in the outpatient clinic setting without the use of real-time imaging. Results were generated from a prospective database of all adult patients undergoing placement of central venous access in the outpatient clinic of the Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center. This database revealed that during the years 1996 and 1997, long-term central venous catheter placement was attempted in 589 adult patients in the outpatient clinic. Technical success was achieved in 558 patients (92%). This included 278 tunneled catheters and 280 totally implanted devices. Repositioning of the catheter tip was required in 16 patients (2.9%). The incidence of pneumothorax was 1.9 per cent. Late complications, including infection and thrombosis, occurred in 9 per cent. The average procedure-related charge for placement of a single-lumen central venous port in the outpatient clinic was $1691 versus $4559 in the operating room and $3890 in the radiology department. We conclude that routine placement of long-term central venous access devices in the outpatient clinic, without the use of real-time imaging, yields acceptable success rates and may have economic advantages over procedures performed in the operating room or radiology department.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Kincaid
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Fenstermaker
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Pennell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009657:North Carolina; D010044:Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome