title: Case series: PTSD symptoms in adolescent survivors of "ethnic cleansing." Results from a 1-year follow-up study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors describe the psychiatric sequelae of "ethnic cleansing" in adolescent Bosnian refugees, via a 1-year follow-up study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten Bosnian adolescent refugees from the war in Bosnia-Herzegovina received a baseline assessment within the first year after their resettlement and a follow-up assessment 1 year later. Evaluations included an assessment scale for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, 3 subjects met criteria for PTSD. At follow-up, this diagnosis persisted in none of these subjects, though 1 subject met criteria at follow-up only. For the group, mean PTSD severity scores at baseline and at follow-up were 8.9 and 4.0, respectively. At baseline, reexperiencing symptoms were present 43% of the time, avoidance symptoms were present 33% of the time, and hyperarousal symptoms were present 33% of the time; at follow-up, these proportions were 35%, 16%, and 18%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, rates of PTSD symptoms diminished during the 1-year follow-up interval, suggesting that they may be transient and not representative of enduring psychopathology. This finding may reflect the relative resiliency of adolescents, as well as a variety of factors that facilitated adaptation in our particular group of adolescent refugees.
authors.affiliation: Yale Psychiatric Institute, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Weine
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vojvoda
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: McGlashan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017522:Bosnia and Herzegovina / Q000208:ethnology; D003237:Connecticut; D004198:Disease Susceptibility / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017767:Holocaust / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012036:Refugees / Q000523:psychology*; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000209:etiology*; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology*; D013997:Time Factors