title: Cost-effectiveness of transesophageal echocardiography to determine the duration of therapy for intravascular catheter-associated Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The appropriate duration of therapy for catheter-associated Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia is controversial. Conventional practice dictates that all patients receive prolonged courses of intravenous antibiotics. Some clinicians recommend abbreviated therapeutic courses, but an alternate approach involves prospectively identifying patients for whom abbreviated therapy is appropriate.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the cost-effectiveness of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in establishing duration of therapy for catheter-associated S. aureus bacteremia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cost-effectiveness analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  MEDLINE search of literature; clinical data from patients with S. aureus bacteremia (n = 196) and patients with endocarditis (n = 60); and costs obtained from the study institution, regional home health agency, and national estimates of professional and technical fees.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with catheter-associated S. aureus bacteremia on native heart valves without intravenous drug use or clinically apparent metastatic infection, immunosuppression, or indwelling prosthetic devices.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patient lifetime.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Societal.
  
  
  METHODS
  Antibiotic treatment based on TEE results compared with 2- or 4-week empirical therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Quality-adjusted life expectancy, costs, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with empirical short-course therapy, the TEE strategy cost $4938 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained. The effectiveness of the TEE strategy and the effectiveness of the long-course strategy were sufficiently similar that the additional cost of empirical long-course therapy ($1,667,971 per QALY) was higher than that which society usually considers cost-effective.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a four-way sensitivity analysis (endocarditis prevalence, TEE cost, short-course relapse rate, and TEE specificity), compared with empirical short-course therapy, the TEE strategy results ranged from cost savings to $155,624 per QALY.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the limitations of existing empirical data, this study suggests that for patients with clinically uncomplicated catheter-associated S. aureus bacteremia, the use of TEE to determine therapy duration is a cost-effective alternative to 2- or 4-week empirical therapy.
authors.affiliation: Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: V G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Fowler
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Corey
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Downs
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Biddle
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Jollis
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal / Q000191:economics*; D004697:Endocarditis, Bacterial / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents