title: A two-parameter method for the estimation of ultrasound-induced temperature artifacts.
abstract: A two-parameter method for the estimation of ultrasound-induced temperature artifacts was evaluated and compared with other commonly applied methods using analytical solutions to the bioheat equation. The two parameters are the exponent of the assumed temperature decay curve after power is turned off and the baseline temperature. These parameters are found by optimizing the fit of the temperature data from 30 to 60s after power is turned off. The artifact is modelled as a point source at the centre of a Gaussian temperature distribution. The blood flow, baseline temperature, and variance of the Gaussian temperature distribution were varied to simulate different clinical situations. Noise was added to the model to investigate the effects of thermometry resolution and sampling intervals. It was found that for artifacts of < 2 degrees C the two-parameter method had errors of less than 0.25 degrees C, whereas other methods generally had greater errors depending on the conduction rate and blood flow rate. The effects of the temperature sampling interval and resolution on the ability of the methods to estimate the artifact were also investigated, and it was found that the two-parameter method was much more sensitive to these parameters than other commonly applied methods.
authors.affiliation: Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology Center, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA. straube_wl@rophys.wustl.edu
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Straube
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Moros
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Myerson
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fan
mesh_terms: D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000628:therapy; D013696:Temperature; D013821:Thermometers; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data