title: Empirical subgroups of the Coping Strategies Questionnaire-Revised: a multisample study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine the dimensions of coping, measured by the subscales of the new revised Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ-R) using factor analysis, and to perform cluster analysis on these factors to explore the existence of distinct subgroups. No published studies have identifed subgroups of chronic pain patients based on the use of CSQ coping strategies.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 419 chronic low back pain patients from a multidisciplinary pain rehabilitation clinic and a sample of 556 chronic pain patients of mixed pain etiology presenting for treatment at an anesthesia pain clinic were used to establish reliability of factors and clusters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both samples yielded very similar two-factor solutions, with initial solutions accounting for 67.1% and 69.1% of the total variance. The factors were characterized as cognitive coping and distraction. Three homogeneous subgroups were then identified that consisted of a group high on cognitive coping, a group with low overall ratings of response CSQ-R items in general, and a group with frequent endorsement of catastrophizing and distraction-related items.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This paper is the first to report empirically derived subgroups from scores on the CSQ or CSQ-R. In addition, the three clusters were significantly different across measures of pain, psychological distress, and levels of physical functioning, demonstrating validity for the clusters.
authors.affiliation: Claude Pepper Center for Research of Oral Health in Aging, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610, USA. jriley3@ufl.edu
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Riley
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Geisser
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires