title: Post-traumatic and stress-induced osteolysis of the distal clavicle: MR imaging findings in 17 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the MR imaging findings in patients with osteolysis of the distal clavicle and to compare the MR imaging appearance of clavicular osteolysis following acute injury with that related to chronic stress.
  
  
  METHODS
  MR imaging examinations were reviewed in 17 patients (14 men, 3 women; ages 16-55 years) with the diagnosis of post-traumatic or stress-induced osteolysis of the clavicle. A history of a single direct injury was present in seven patients and a history of weight-lifting, participation in sports, or repetitive microtrauma was present in 10 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MR imaging showed edema in the distal clavicle in 17 patients and, of these, eight also had edema in the acromion. The edema was most evident in STIR and fat-suppressed T2-weighted pulse sequences. Other findings about the acromioclavicular (AC) joint were prominence of the joint capsule in 14, joint fluid in eight, cortical irregularity in 12, and bone fragmentation in six patients. No differences in the MR imaging features of post-traumatic and stress-induced osteolysis of the distal clavicle were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Post-traumatic and stress-induced osteolysis of the distal clavicle have similar appearances on MR imaging, the most common and conspicuous MR imaging feature being increased T2 signal intensity in the distal clavicle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 92161, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de la Puente
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Boutin
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Theodorou
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hooper
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schweitzer
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Resnick
mesh_terms: D000173:Acromioclavicular Joint / Q000473:pathology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000150:complications; D002968:Clavicle / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology*; D004487:Edema / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010014:Osteolysis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D013314:Stress, Mechanical