title: Improved perfusion and contractile reserve after transmyocardial laser revascularization in a model of hibernating myocardium.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMR) has been demonstrated effective for relieving angina, although prior studies have yielded inconsistent results regarding postoperative myocardial perfusion and function. This study evaluated long-term changes in myocardial perfusion and contractile reserve after TMR in a model of hibernating myocardium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Miniswine had subtotal left circumflex coronary artery occlusion to reduce resting blood flow to 10% of baseline. After 2 weeks in the low-flow state, positron emission tomography and dobutamine stress echocardiography were performed to document ischemic, viable (hibernating) myocardium in the left circumflex distribution. Animals then had sham redo thoracotomy (n = 4) or TMR (n = 6). Six months later the positron emission tomography and dobutamine stress echocardiography studies were repeated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Myocardial blood flow in the left circumflex distribution as measured by positron emission tomography was significantly reduced in all animals after 2 weeks in the low-flow state. In animals that had TMR, there was significant improvement in myocardial blood flow to the lased regions 6 months postoperatively. No significant change in myocardial blood flow was seen in sham animals at 6 months. Dobutamine stress echocardiography after 2 weeks of low-flow demonstrated severe hypocontractility at rest in the left circumflex region of all animals, with a biphasic response to dobutamine consistent with hibernating myocardium. In animals that had TMR, there was a trend toward improved resting function and significantly improved regional stress function in the lased segments 6 months postoperatively, consistent with a reduction in ischemia. Global left ventricular wall motion at peak stress improved significantly as well. There was no change in wall motion 6 months postoperatively in sham-operated animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study found improvements in myocardial perfusion and regional and global contractile reserve 6 months after TMR in a porcine model of hibernating myocardium. This improved perfusion and function likely accounts for the clinical benefits of the procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Kypson
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: St Louis
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Annex
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Coleman
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: DeGrado
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Donovan
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lowe
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Landolfo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008297:Male; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization / Q000379:methods*; D017682:Myocardial Stunning / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed