title: Cloning, sequence analysis, and expression of active Phrixothrix railroad-worms luciferases: relationship between bioluminescence spectra and primary structures.
abstract: Phrixothrix railroad-worms emit yellow-green light through 11 pairs of lateral lanterns along the body and red light through two cephalic lanterns. The cDNAs for the lateral lanterns luciferase of Phrixothrix vivianii, which emit green light (lambda max= 542 nm), and for the head lanterns of P. hirtus, which emit the most red-shifted bioluminescence (lambda max= 628 nm) among luminescent beetles, were cloned. Positive clones which emitted green (PvGR: lambda max= 549 nm) and red (PhRE: lambda max= 622 nm) bioluminescence were isolated. The lucifereases coded by PvGR (545 amino acid residues) and PhRE (546 amino acid residues) cDNAs share 71% identity. PvGR and PhRE luciferases showed 50-55% and 46-49% identity with firefly luciferases, respectively, and 47-49% with click-beetle luciferases. PhRE luciferase has some unique residues which replace invariant residues in other beetle luciferases. The additional residue Arg 352 in PhRE, which is deleted in PvGR polypeptide, seems to be another important structural feature associated with red light production. As in the case of other railroad-worms and click-beetle luciferases studied, Phrixothrix luciferases do not undergo the typical red shift suffered by firefly luciferases upon decreasing pH, a property which might be related to the many amino acid residues shared in common between railroad-worm and click-beetle luciferase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Education, Shizuoka University, Japan. viviani@fas.harvard.edu
authors.forename: V R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Viviani
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Bechara
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohmiya
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D049454:Firefly Luciferin / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007211:Indoles; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D007814:Larva / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D008156:Luciferases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011719:Pyrazines; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D007211:Indoles; D019476:Insect Proteins; D011719:Pyrazines; C014730:oxyluciferin; D049454:Firefly Luciferin; D008156:Luciferases