title: Exposure to airborne microorganisms and volatile organic compounds in different types of waste handling.
abstract: Occupational exposure of workers to airborne microorganisms and volatile organic compounds (VOC) in different types of waste treatment situations was examined during summer time. Microorganisms were collected as stationary samples using a six-stage Andersen impactor, while for VOCs both personal and stationary sampling was conducted. The exposure at the waste handling facility was considerably greater than at landfill sites or in waste collection. The concentrations of viable fungi were maximally 10(5) cfu/m3, and the concentrations of both total culturable bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria exceeded the proposed occupational exposure limit values (OELV), being 10(4) and 10(3) cfu/m3, respectively. Exposure to VOCs in the waste handling facility was three times higher than at the landfill sites, being at highest 3000 microg/m3, considered to be the limit for discomfort. The use of personal protective equipment at work, thorough hand washing and changing clothes after the work shift are strongly recommended in the waste handling facility and the landfill sites.
authors.affiliation: Kuopio Regional Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 93, FIN-70701 Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kiviranta
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tuomainen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reiman
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Laitinen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nevalainen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liesivuori
mesh_terms: D000391:Air Microbiology; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D005387:Finland; D005658:Fungi / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009181:Mycoses / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D012037:Refuse Disposal; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D009930:Organic Chemicals