title: Endothelial function and hemodynamic responses during mental stress.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The hemodynamic basis of blood pressure responses during psychological stress shows striking individual differences that share an interesting similarity with risk for cardiovascular disease. Factors accounting for these individual differences are poorly understood. The present study examined the relationship of vascular endothelial function to stress-induced hemodynamic responses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were 40 healthy men and women, aged 25 to 44 years. Hemodynamic responses were assessed during exposure to a battery of four diverse laboratory stressors. Endothelium-dependent arterial dilation (EDAD) was measured by ultrasound imaging of the brachial artery in response to reactive hyperemia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High EDAD response was associated with lower resting systolic (p < .01) and diastolic blood pressure (p < .05). EDAD response was unrelated to blood pressure responses during stress. However, systemic vascular resistance responses during laboratory stress were significantly greater (p < .02) for individuals with low EDAD responses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exaggerated systemic vascular resistance responses during stress may reflect endothelial dysfunction. This association may help explain the growing evidence of a relationship between stress hemodynamics and cardiovascular disease risk. The nature of this association is discussed in terms of a possible interplay between the sympathetic nervous system and the endothelium in regulation of vascular tone.
authors.affiliation: Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA. sherw002@mc.duke.edu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sherwood
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Blumenthal
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Hinderliter
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000502:physiology