title: [Effectiveness of eyeglasses for protection against ultraviolet rays].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The relationship between eyeglass size and protection of the eye surface from the effects of solar ultraviolet (UV) rays was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Solar UV rays irradiating the eye surface were measured on a mannequin which modeled the standard facial bone structure of a Japanese female. UV sensor chips (photo-sensitivity: 260-400 nm) were attached to the ocular surface of the lid fissure. UV measurement was done from 12:00 to 15:00 on a sunny day in March. UV intensity was measured under the following conditions: 1) with or without eyeglasses, 2) wearing sunglasses with side protectors, and 3) wearing a cap with a 7 cm brim. Eyeglasses of four frame sizes (width: 48-57 mm) were put on the mannequin. All lenses were made of plastic and coated so as to be impervious to rays shorter than 400 nm. The refractive power was 0 diopters. At the same time, UV irradiation intensity from all directions (excluding from the earth direction) was measured using a polyhedron type UV sensor with 25 sensor chips.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Except for eyeglasses with the smallest frame size, eyeglasses effectively reduced UV exposure to sunlight from the upper front direction. However, protection against rays from the upper temporal direction was extremely poor. Sunlight from the upper back was reflected by the posterior surface of the eyeglasses and reached the eye surface.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The efficacy of eyeglasses against UV depends on their size. The shape of the eyeglasses and reflection from the posterior lens surface are also of great importance. Small eyeglasses do not offer ideal UV protection for the Japanese face shape.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa-ken, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sasaki
mesh_terms: D005135:Eye Protective Devices / Q000592:standards*; D005139:Eyeglasses / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008348:Manikins; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays