title: Role of G protein-coupled receptor kinases on the agonist-induced phosphorylation and internalization of the follitropin receptor.
abstract: The experiments presented herein were designed to identify members of the G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK) family that participate in the agonist-induced phosphorylation and internalization of the rat FSH receptor (rFSHR). Western blots of human kidney 293 cells (the cell line used in transfection experiments) and MSC-1 cells (a cell line derived from Sertoli cells that displays many of the differentiated functions of their normal counterparts) reveal the presence of GRK2 and GRK6 in both cell lines as well as GRK4 in MSC-1 cells. Cotransfection of 293 cells with the rFSHR and GRK2, GRK4alpha, or GRK6 resulted in an increase in the agonist-induced phosphorylation of the rFSHR. Cotransfections of the rFSHR with GRKs or arrestin-3 enhanced the agonist-induced internalization of the rFHSR, and combinations of GRKs and arrestin-3 were more effective than the individual components. To characterize the involvement of endogenous GRKs on phosphorylation and internalization, we inhibited endogenous GRK2 by overexpression of a kinase-deficient mutant of GRK2 or G alpha t, a scavenger of G betagamma. We also inhibited endogenous GRK6 by overexpression of a kinase-deficient mutant of GKR6. All three constructs were effective inhibitors of phosphorylation, but only the kinase-deficient mutant of GRK2 and G alpha t inhibited internalization. The inhibition of internalization induced by these two constructs was less pronounced than that induced by a dominant-negative mutant of the nonvisual arrrestins, however. The finding that inhibitors of GRK2 and GRK6 impair phosphorylation, but only the inhibitors of GRK2 impair internalization, suggests that different GRKs have differential effects on receptor internalization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City 52242-1109, USA.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Lazari
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Benovic
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ascoli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019393:Arrestin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line / Q000187:drug effects; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D034281:Dynamins; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D054771:G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 4; D054768:G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinases; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051381:Rats; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011962:Receptors, FSH / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051552:beta-Adrenergic Receptor Kinases
chemical_list: D019393:Arrestin; D011962:Receptors, FSH; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D051552:beta-Adrenergic Receptor Kinases; D054771:G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 4; D054768:G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinases; C089176:G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 6; C517855:GRK4 protein, human; C517854:Grk4 protein, rat; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases; D034281:Dynamins