title: Tamoxifen in treatment of intraductal breast cancer: National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-24 randomised controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We have shown previously that lumpectomy with radiation therapy was more effective than lumpectomy alone for the treatment of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). We did a double-blind randomised controlled trial to find out whether lumpectomy, radiation therapy, and tamoxifen was of more benefit than lumpectomy and radiation therapy alone for DCIS.
  
  
  METHODS
  1804 women with DCIS, including those whose resected sample margins were involved with tumour, were randomly assigned lumpectomy, radiation therapy (50 Gy), and placebo (n=902), or lumpectomy, radiation therapy, and tamoxifen (20 mg daily for 5 years, n=902). Median follow-up was 74 months (range 57-93). We compared annual event rates and cumulative probability of invasive or non-invasive ipsilateral and contralateral tumours over 5 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women in the tamoxifen group had fewer breast-cancer events at 5 years than did those on placebo (8.2 vs 13.4%, p=0.0009). The cumulative incidence of all invasive breast-cancer events in the tamoxifen group was 4.1% at 5 years: 2.1% in the ipsilateral breast, 1.8% in the contralateral breast, and 0.2% at regional or distant sites. The risk of ipsilateral-breast cancer was lower in the tamoxifen group even when sample margins contained tumour and when DCIS was associated with comedonecrosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of lumpectomy, radiation therapy, and tamoxifen was effective in the prevention of invasive cancer.
authors.affiliation: National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project, Allegheny University of the Health Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA 15212-5234, USA. bfisher@aherf.edu
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dignam
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wolmark
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Wickerham
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mamounas
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Begovic
authors.forename: N V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Dimitrov
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Margolese
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Kardinal
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Kavanah
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fehrenbacher
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Oishi
mesh_terms: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy; D002285:Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy; D018275:Carcinoma, Lobular / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015412:Mastectomy, Segmental; D008875:Middle Aged; D015996:Survival Rate; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D013629:Tamoxifen