The relation between body size and normalized small solute clearances in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
The normalized peritoneal clearances of small solutes depend on the ratio of their concentration in dialysate and plasma (D/P) and the drain volume (Dv) corrected for some measure of body size such as body water (V) or body surface area (BSA). The clearance formulas (D/P) x (Dv/V) and (D/ P) x (Dv/BSA) can be used to examine why large individuals tend to be underdialyzed. Large people have low normalized drain volumes (Dv/V, Dv/BSA). It is not known whether size affects the D/P ratios. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between normalized peritoneal clearances (Kt/Vurea, CCr per 1.73 m2 BSA) and four size indicators (weight, height, V, BSA) in 301 patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (four daily exchanges with 2-L exchange volume) who underwent 613 clearance studies. Highly significant (P < 0.001) nonlinear relationships were found between Kt/Vurea and weight (r2 = 0.371), height (r2 = 0.289), BSA (r2 = 0.436), and V (r2 = 0.527); and between CCr and weight (r2 = 0.178), height (r2 = 0.115), BSA (r2 = 0.199), and V (r2 = 0.151). There were also significant negative correlations between the normalized drain volumes (Dv/V and Dv/BSA) and all four indicators of body size. Raw (not normalized) peritoneal clearances and drain volumes correlated positively with size. However, D/P(urea) or D/P(creatinine) did not vary with any size indicator except for a weak association between D/P(creatinine) and V (r = 0.089, P = 0.028). This association was not confirmed when V was used to stratify subjects into quartiles, and group differences for D/P(creatinine were tested by one-way ANOVA. This study shows that the exclusive cause of the low normalized peritoneal clearances in large subjects on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis is a low normalized drain volume. No evidence was found to indicate that body size influences the D/P ratio of small solutes. The portion of the variance in normalized clearance explained by size varies by size indicator and solute (urea versus creatinine).
Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque 87108, USA. Tzamaloukas.Antonios_H_@Albuquerque.va.gov
A H
AH
Tzamaloukas
G H
GH
Murata
B
B
Piraino
D
D
Malhotra
J
J
Bernardini
P
P
Rao
D G
DG
Oreopoulos
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001824:Body Constitution; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D015314:Dialysis Solutions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D010531:Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; D010537:Peritoneum / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism
D015314:Dialysis Solutions; D014508:Urea; D003404:Creatinine