Organophosphate skin decontamination using immobilized enzymes.
We previously demonstrated that a combination of cholinesterase (ChE) pre-treatment with an oxime is an effective measure against soman and sarin. We describe here a novel approach for the preparation of covalently linked ChEs which are immobilized to a polyurethane matrix. Such preparation of ChE-sponges enhances the stability and usefulness of the enzymes in non-physiological environments. The ChE-sponges, which can be molded to any form, can effectively be used to remove and decontaminate organophosphates (OPs) from surfaces, biological (skin or wounds) or otherwise (clothing or sensitive medical equipment), or the environment. The ChE-sponges retained their catalytic activity under conditions of temperature, time, and drying where the native soluble enzyme would rapidly denature, and can be reused in conjunction with oximes many times. The ChE-sponge in the presence of oxime repeatedly detoxified OPs such as DFP or MEPQ. These developments in ChE technology have extended the applicability of OP scavengers from in vivo protection, to a variety of external detoxification and decontamination schemes. In addition to treatment of OP-contaminated soldiers, the ChE-sponge could protect medical personnel from secondary contamination while attending chemical casualties, and civilians exposed to pesticides or highly toxic nerve agents such as sarin.
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Division of Biochemistry, Washington, DC 20307, USA. gordonr@wrsmtp-ccmail.army.mil
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Gordon
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Feaster
A J
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Russell
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LeJeune
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Maxwell
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Lenz
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Ross
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Doctor
D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity*; D002801:Cholinesterase Reactivators / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D002802:Cholinesterases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003666:Decontamination / Q000379:methods*; D004795:Enzyme Stability; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008658:Inactivation, Metabolic; D007700:Kinetics; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000633:toxicity*; D010091:Oximes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology
D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D002801:Cholinesterase Reactivators; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D010755:Organophosphates; D010091:Oximes; D011140:Polyurethanes; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds; D002802:Cholinesterases; C022870:asoxime chloride