Changes in frequency of HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T cell precursors and circulating effectors after combination antiretroviral therapy in children.
Combination antiretroviral therapy has had a major role in reducing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) plasma viral loads in HIV-1-infected adults but a variable effect in infants, in whom complete viral suppression appears to be less readily achieved. In adults, after the reduction in plasma viremia, there is a decrease in the numbers of circulating cytotoxic T cell (CTL) effectors and precursors in the majority of patients. This longitudinal study assessed the effect of combination drug therapy on the frequency of HIV-1-specific CTL responses in 8 HIV-1-infected children. Following treatment, the frequency of HIV-1-specific CTL responses initially increased, especially in children with incomplete viral suppression but with increasing CD4+ cell counts. In children with complete viral suppression, the frequency of HIV-1-specific CTL responses decreased, suggesting that viral replication is required to maintain CTL responses in the systemic circulation.
Spiegel
H M
HM
Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10016, USA. HSpiegel@ADARC.org
DeFalcon
E
E
Ogg
G S
GS
Larsson
M
M
Beadle
T J
TJ
Tao
P
P
McMichael
A J
AJ
Bhardwaj
N
N
O'Callaghan
C
C
Cox
W I
WI
Krasinski
K
K
Pollack
H
H
Borkowsky
W
W
Nixon
D F
DF
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003601:Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D015693:Gene Products, nef / Q000276:immunology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D015795:HLA-B8 Antigen / Q000276:immunology; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000145:classification; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000276:immunology; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D019562:Viral Load; D014766:Viremia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology; D054311:nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D015693:Gene Products, nef; D015795:HLA-B8 Antigen; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D012367:RNA, Viral; D054311:nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus