Nocturnal enuresis: a suggestion for a European treatment strategy.
The objective of this study was to review the published literature on aetiology and treatment of nocturnal enuresis, with the aim of providing a treatment strategy which is easy for the patient and their family to follow. Results from European studies conducted over the last 15 y were included in this review. It can be concluded from the results of these studies that enuresis is the cause and not the result of a psychiatric disorder. However, there is still considerable variation in success rates, from 28 to 90%. It is of vital importance that a caring approach from the doctor and a positive family and patient attitude are present for successful treatment. The first choice of treatment should be the one most acceptable to the family, e.g. alarm, desmopressin and combination treatment.
University Children's Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
G
G
Läckgren
K
K
Hjälmås
J
J
van Gool
A
A
von Gontard
M
M
de Gennaro
H
H
Lottmann
P
P
Terho
D000367:Age Factors; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003894:Deamino Arginine Vasopressin / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004775:Enuresis / Q000628:therapy*; D005060:Europe; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D008333:Mandelic Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011379:Prognosis; D012076:Renal Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014556:Urine / Q000737:chemistry
D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists; D008333:Mandelic Acids; D012076:Renal Agents; D003894:Deamino Arginine Vasopressin; C005419:oxybutynin