Receptor-mediated transport of human amyloid beta-protein 1-40 and 1-42 at the blood-brain barrier.
Since amyloid beta-protein (A beta) is the primary component of both vascular and parenchymal amyloid deposits in Alzheimer's disease, information regarding its permeability at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) will help elucidate the contribution of circulating A beta to vascular and parenchymal A beta deposition in this disease and in brain aging. The permeability of the D- and L-enantiomers of A beta 1-40 and L-A beta 1-42 at the BBB was determined in the normal adult rat by quantifying the permeability coefficient-surface area product (PS) for each protein after correction for the residual plasma volume (Vp) occupied by the protein [labeled with a different isotope of iodine (125I vs 131I)] in blood vessels of different brain regions. After a single i.v. bolus injection, the plasma pharmacokinetics determined by TCA precipitation, paper chromatography, and SDS-PAGE were similar for both 125I-L-A beta 1-40 and 125I-L-A beta 1-42. The PS at the BBB for L-A beta 1-42 was significantly (1.4- to 1.8-fold) higher than for L-A beta 1-40 and ranged from 17.7 to 26.4 x 10(-6) ml/g/s for different brain regions. A comparison of the PS values at the BBB for L-A beta 1-40 showed no significant difference when determined at 15 or 30 min after i.v. bolus injection, times that reflect different levels of degradation in plasma (37.9% at 15 min and 65.5% at 30 min). The PS values obtained, therefore, were representative of the intact protein rather than degradation products. The PS values obtained for the all-D-enantiomer of A beta 1-40 were very low and comparable to that of albumin and IgG, whose mechanism of transport is by passive diffusion. Taken together, these data imply a stereoisomer-specific, ligand-receptor interaction at the BBB for the L-A beta proteins. The high PS values observed for L-A beta 1-40 and 1-42 compare to insulin, whose uptake is decidedly by a receptor-mediated transport process, and suggest a similar mechanism for L-A beta entry into the brain.
Poduslo
J F
JF
Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
Curran
G L
GL
Sanyal
B
B
Selkoe
D J
DJ
D000367:Age Factors; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000818:Animals; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000502:physiology*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C078592:amyloid beta-protein (1-40); C075222:amyloid beta-protein (1-42)