Effects of glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1 and GSTT1 genotypes on urothelial cancer risk.
The M1 member of the mu class of the glutathione S-transferase (GSTM1) gene is present in about 50% of individuals. GSTT1, a member of the theta class, which has been recently shown to be polymorphic, is expressed in 35-90% of individuals. In this study, 145 Japanese patients with urothelial transitional cell carcinoma and 145 healthy controls, frequency-matched for age and gender, were compared for frequencies of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes. The urothelial cancer risk increased due to the GSTM1 null genotype (odds ratio (OR) 1.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05-2.79). On the other hand, the OR tended to decrease due to the GSTT1 null genotype, although not significantly. Among individuals of the GSTM1 null genotype, those of the GSTT1-positive genotype had a two-fold risk (OR 2.62, 95% CI 1.36-5.05) compared with the GSTT1 null genotype (OR 1.25, 95% CI 0.62-2.51). A significant interaction between the GSTM1 genotype and smoking status was found; the GSTM1 null genotype was associated with an increased risk of urothelial cancer among smokers (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.10-3.57).
Katoh
T
T
Department of Health Information Science, School of Health Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu City, Japan.
Inatomi
H
H
Kim
H
H
Yang
M
M
Matsumoto
T
T
Kawamoto
T
T
D000368:Aged; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics*; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D019459:Urothelium / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*
D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D005982:Glutathione Transferase