Mutations producing premature termination of translation and an amino acid substitution in the sterol 27-hydroxylase gene cause cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis associated with parkinsonism.
OBJECTIVE
Mutational analysis of the sterol 27-hydroxylase (CYP27) gene was performed on three patients from two Japanese families who had cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) associated with parkinsonism.


METHODS
Clinical evaluations, brain MRI studies, and laboratory analyses were completed on the three patients. The CYP27 gene was analysed for mutations by PCR amplification of gene segments followed by direct sequencing.


RESULTS
Two different, homozygous mutations were identified in these families. One is a novel transition, substituting T for G at Glu162 (GAG) resulting in a stop codon (TAG). The other is also a transition, substituting T for C at Arg441 (CGG) resulting in Trp (TGG). The second is located in two amino acids ahead of the heme ligand binding site (Cys443) of the protein likely rendering it non-functional. It is the most common CTX mutation in Japanese patients.


CONCLUSIONS
CTX with parkinsonism is caused by mutations with a severe impact on enzyme function. The two mutations described here are likely to cause loss of function because they are chain terminating or affect an essential site in the protein.
Wakamatsu
N
N
First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan. nwake@inst-hsc.pref.aichi.jp
Hayashi
M
M
Kawai
H
H
Kondo
H
H
Gotoda
Y
Y
Nishida
Y
Y
Kondo
R
R
Tsuji
S
S
Matsumoto
T
T
D000328:Adult; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D053493:Cholestanetriol 26-Monooxygenase; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation / Q000502:physiology*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D013250:Steroid Hydroxylases / Q000235:genetics*; D019294:Xanthomatosis, Cerebrotendinous / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*
D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D013250:Steroid Hydroxylases; C506831:CYP27A1 protein, human; D053493:Cholestanetriol 26-Monooxygenase