Kielland vs. nonrotational forceps for the second stage of labor.
OBJECTIVE
To examine and compare maternal and neonatal morbidity after use of two types of obstetric forceps used in the management of the second stage of labor.


METHODS
This retrospective investigation was conducted from January 1993 to December 1995 and included 55 infants delivered with Kielland forceps as compared to 213 infants delivered with nonrotational forceps. The maternal and neonatal charts were reviewed for data collection. Maternal complications compared included blood loss, vaginal lacerations, postpartum hemorrhage, and third- and fourth-degree perineal lacerations. Infant data collected compared fetal lacerations, nerve palsies, shoulder dystocias, blood gas values and admissions to the neonatal intensive care unit. Statistical analysis was performed by Fisher's exact, chi 2 and Student's t test.


RESULTS
Women in both groups were similar with respect to age, gravidity, parity and estimated gestational age at delivery. Infants were similar in both groups with respect to fetal weight, admissions to the neonatal intensive care unit, nerve compromise, scalp lacerations and facial bruising. The Kielland group had statistically significantly longer labor, 671 +/- 285.8 vs. 614 +/- 226.5 minutes (P < .05) and longer second stage of labor 184 +/- 74.71 vs. 161 +/- 65.79 minutes (P < .05). The Kielland group also had a statistically higher percentage of one-minute Apgar scores < 6, 18.2% vs. 4.7% (P < .05), and meconium present at delivery, 14.5% vs. 5.6% (P < .05).


CONCLUSIONS
Management of the second stage of labor can be accomplished safely with Kielland forceps and rotation of the fetal head. Supervision by an experienced operator will allow residents to be trained with respect to appropriate patient selection and application of these forceps.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Grant Medical Center, Travis Air Force Base, California, USA.
T C
TC
Krivak
P
P
Drewes
G M
GM
Horowitz
D001034:Apgar Score; D001720:Birth Injuries / Q000209:etiology; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000379:methods; D005151:Facial Injuries / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015931:Intensive Care, Neonatal; D007748:Labor Stage, Second; D008470:Meconium; D009772:Obstetrical Forceps / Q000009:adverse effects; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012535:Scalp / Q000293:injuries