Muscle test comparisons of congruent and incongruent self-referential statements.
This study investigated differences in values of manual muscle tests after exposure to congruent and incongruent semantic stimuli. Muscle testing with a computerized dynamometer was performed on the deltoid muscle group of 89 healthy college students after repetitions of congruent (true) and incongruent (false) self-referential statements. The order in which statements were repeated was controlled by a counterbalanced design. The combined data showed that approximately 17% more total force over a 59% longer period of time could be endured when subjects repeated semantically congruent statements (p < .001). Order effects were not significant. Over-all, significant differences were found in muscle-test responses between congruent and incongruent semantic stimuli.
Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA 19107-5004, USA.
D A
DA
Monti
J
J
Sinnott
M
M
Marchese
E J
EJ
Kunkel
J M
JM
Greeson
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001132:Arm / Q000502:physiology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D016552:Ergometry / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D018953:Kinesiology, Applied; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology; D012649:Self Concept; D012660:Semantics; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000502:physiology; D014705:Verbal Behavior / Q000502:physiology*