Evaluation of the effect of smokeless tobacco purified products and extracts on latent Epstein-Barr virus.
Numerous chemical tumor promoters induce latent Epstein Barr virus (EBV) to active replication. The effect of smokeless tobacco purified products N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamine)-1-3-pyridinyl)-1-butanone (NNK), benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), and smokeless tobacco extracts (dry snuff, moist snuff, and loose leaf tobacco) was tested for induction of latent EBV in Raji cells using fluorescence-activated cell sorter flow cytometry detection of the restricted component of EBV early antigen (EA-R). Concentrations of smokeless tobacco purified products or preparations were used that have carcinogenic effects in animal cell lines. There was no discernible effect for the 6-7-day duration of treatment on viability of Raji cells, or on induction of latent EBV in Raji cells. Results were comparable using paraformaldehyde- or acetone-fixed cells. There does not appear to be an in vitro effect of smokeless tobacco constituents on EBV-infected lymphocytes that may contribute to development of oral cancers.
Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 78284-7811, USA. jenson@uthscsa.edu
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Jenson
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Heard
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Moyer
D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene / Q000633:toxicity*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D009602:Nitrosamines / Q000633:toxicity*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000633:toxicity; D010947:Plants, Toxic; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless; D014775:Virus Activation / Q000187:drug effects*
D009602:Nitrosamines; D010936:Plant Extracts; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene; C016583:4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; C008655:N'-nitrosonornicotine