Cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 isoenzymes.
The cyclooxygenase isoenzymes (COX-1 and -2) catalyze the rate-limiting steps in prostanoid biosynthesis. COX-1 and -2 genes encode two isoenzymes with overlapping yet distinct expression patterns and functions. Physiologically, various extracellular stimuli such as growth factors, cytokines and tumor promoters regulate the expression of COX-1 and -2 genes at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. COX-2 is overexpressed in rheumatoid arthritis, colorectal and breast cancer. Prostanoids produced by the COX pathway signal via plasma membrane-localized, G-protein-coupled receptors as well as via nuclear receptors. Currently, several COX-2-selective inhibitors are developed to control the anti-inflammatory and anti-neoplastic activities of the COX-2 isoenzyme. Inhibition of the COX isoenzyme activity and/or expression may be the basis of future generation of anti-inflammatory and anti-neoplastic drugs.
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington 06030, USA. hla@sun.uchc.edu
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D000818:Animals; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology*; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008954:Models, Biological; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000502:physiology; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology*
D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010544:Peroxidases; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496511:PTGS1 protein, human; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases