The effect of renal insufficiency on mycophenolic acid protein binding.
Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is commonly used in solid organ transplant recipients. MMF is converted to mycophenolic acid (MPA) upon reaching the systemic circulation. Many acidic drugs have altered protein binding in renal failure, and it is possible that MPA protein binding may be decreased. The authors studied 23 renal transplant recipients: 8 transplant patients (7 kidney, 1 kidney/pancreas) with chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) and 15 renal transplant patients with preserved renal function. Plasma was obtained for kinetic profiles of total MPA, free MPA, and its glucuronide metabolite (MPAG). Plasma was obtained from 10 hemodialysis patients and 8 healthy control volunteers to assess in vitro differences in MPA protein binding. Average free fraction of MPA in patients with chronic renal insufficiency was more than double that of patients with normal renal function (5.8 +/- 2.7 vs. 2.5 +/- 0.4, p < 0.01). Free MPAAUC was almost doubled in the patients with chronic renal insufficiency versus controls (2.04 +/- .08 vs. 1.03 +/- 0.6, p < 0.01). MPA protein binding is decreased, and free MPA concentrations are increased in patients with chronic renal failure.
Saint Barnabas Medical Center, Transplant Division, Livingston, New Jersey 07039, USA.
B
B
Kaplan
H U
HU
Meier-Kriesche
G
G
Friedman
S
S
Mulgaonkar
S
S
Gruber
M
M
Korecka
K L
KL
Brayman
L M
LM
Shaw
D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000139:chemically induced; D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007168:IMP Dehydrogenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D007970:Leukopenia / Q000139:chemically induced; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011485:Protein Binding; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*
D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D011355:Prodrugs; D007168:IMP Dehydrogenase; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid