Cohort study on calcium channel blockers, other cardiovascular agents, and the prevalence of depression.
OBJECTIVE
Some reports have suggested that calcium channel blockers may be associated with an increased incidence of depression or suicide. There is a paucity of evidence from large scale studies. The aim of this study was to assess rates of depression with calcium channel antagonists using data from prescription event monitoring studies.


METHODS
Observational studies on large cohorts of patients using lisinopril, enalapril (ACE inhibitors), nicardipine (type 2 calcium channel blocker) and diltiazem (type 3 calcium channel blocker) were conducted, using prescription-event monitoring. Rates of depression in the different drugs and rate ratios (95% CI) were computed.


RESULTS
The crude overall rates of depression during treatment were 1.89, 1.92 and 1.62 per 1000 patient months for the ACE inhibitors, diltiazem and nicardipine, respectively. Using the ACE inhibitors as the reference group, the rate ratios for depression were 1.07 (0. 82-1.40) and 0.86 (0.69-1.08) for diltiazem and nicardipine, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
This study does not support the hypothesis that calcium channel blockers are associated with depression, when considering patients treated in general practice in the UK.
Dunn
N R
NR
Drug Safety Research Unit, Bursledon Hall, Southampton SO31 1AA, UK.
Freemantle
S N
SN
Mann
R D
RD
D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013405:Suicide / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents