Inhibition of oxidative DNA damage, 8-OHdG, and carbonyl contents in smokers treated with antioxidants (vitamin E, vitamin C, beta-carotene and red ginseng).
The chemopreventive effects of antioxidants (vitamin E, beta-carotene, vitamin C and red ginseng) on oxidative DNA and protein (globin) damages were comparatively investigated in the peripheral blood of smokers (> or = 20 cigarettes/day). Smokers showed a lower baseline level of plasma micronutrients (vitamin C and beta-carotene) (P < 0.01) and higher baseline level of oxidative DNA or protein damage than non-smokers (N = 5; P < 0.05). During daily supplementation of antioxidants (200 IU vitamin of E, 9 mg of beta-carotene, 500 mg of vitamin C, or 1.8 g of red ginseng) for 4 weeks, smokers plasma antioxidant concentrations increased linearly, while their mean levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and carbonyl contents decreased compared with those in smokers supplemented with a placebo (P < 0.05). Levels of urinary and plasma cotinine remained steady in smokers regardless of supplementation with antioxidants. 8-OHdG and carbonyl content decreased in a time-dependent manner (as the total intake dose increased) after supplementation with vitamin E (8-OHdG, 33.8%; carbonyl content, 43.6%) or red ginseng (8-OHdG, 31.7%; carbonyl content, 21.3%). These preliminary data suggest that supplementation with antioxidants might protect smokers from oxidative damages and could reduce cancer risk or other diseases caused by free radicals associated with smoking.
Lee
B M
BM
Division of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, SungKyunKwan University, Suwon, South Korea. bmlee@yurim.skku.ac.kr
Lee
S K
SK
Kim
H S
HS
D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism; D003367:Cotinine / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004249:DNA Damage; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D011506:Proteins / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D012907:Smoking; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology
D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011506:Proteins; D019207:beta Carotene; D014810:Vitamin E; D002244:Carbon; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D004247:DNA; D003849:Deoxyguanosine; D003367:Cotinine; D001205:Ascorbic Acid