Changes in frequency of HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T cell precursors and circulating effectors after combination antiretroviral therapy in children.
Combination antiretroviral therapy has had a major role in reducing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) plasma viral loads in HIV-1-infected adults but a variable effect in infants, in whom complete viral suppression appears to be less readily achieved. In adults, after the reduction in plasma viremia, there is a decrease in the numbers of circulating cytotoxic T cell (CTL) effectors and precursors in the majority of patients. This longitudinal study assessed the effect of combination drug therapy on the frequency of HIV-1-specific CTL responses in 8 HIV-1-infected children. Following treatment, the frequency of HIV-1-specific CTL responses initially increased, especially in children with incomplete viral suppression but with increasing CD4+ cell counts. In children with complete viral suppression, the frequency of HIV-1-specific CTL responses decreased, suggesting that viral replication is required to maintain CTL responses in the systemic circulation.
Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10016, USA. HSpiegel@ADARC.org
H M
HM
Spiegel
E
E
DeFalcon
G S
GS
Ogg
M
M
Larsson
T J
TJ
Beadle
P
P
Tao
A J
AJ
McMichael
N
N
Bhardwaj
C
C
O'Callaghan
W I
WI
Cox
K
K
Krasinski
H
H
Pollack
W
W
Borkowsky
D F
DF
Nixon
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003601:Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D015693:Gene Products, nef / Q000276:immunology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D015795:HLA-B8 Antigen / Q000276:immunology; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000145:classification; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000276:immunology; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D019562:Viral Load; D014766:Viremia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology; D054311:nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D015693:Gene Products, nef; D015795:HLA-B8 Antigen; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D012367:RNA, Viral; D054311:nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus