Flumazenil in children after esophagogastroduodenoscopy.
OBJECTIVE
Our aim was to evaluate if the routine use of the benzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil would shorten postprocedure recovery times after esophagogastroduodenoscopy in pediatric patients receiving standard intravenous conscious sedation with the benzodiazepine diazepam in combination with meperidine.


METHODS
Upper endoscopy was performed using intravenous conscious sedation with standardized doses of diazepam and meperidine on 29 children, age range 6-18 yr. Patients were randomized in a double-blind fashion to receive either intravenous normal saline (placebo) or 0.01 mg/kg (maximum, 1.0 mg) flumazenil within 5 min of procedure completion. Evaluation of the degree of sedation using a modified Observer' s Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale was performed presedation, immediately before reversal solution administration, and serially over 60 min after reversal solution injection.


RESULTS
Fifteen patients received flumazenil and 14 received placebo; patient group composition did not vary significantly in age and weight. Fifty-four percent of flumazenil patients and 30% of control patients achieved full alertness within 10 min of reversal solution injection. However, this difference between groups was not significant (p > 0.45). Resedation or side effects directly attributable to flumazenil were not observed.


CONCLUSIONS
A single postsedation dose of flumazenil is well-tolerated in children >6 yr old. However, its routine use after esophagogastroduodenoscopy is of questionable benefit in shortening recovery time in this age group.
Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, 48201, USA.
J M
JM
Peters
V
V
Tolia
P
P
Simpson
M K
MK
Aravind
R E
RE
Kauffman
D000293:Adolescent; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D002648:Child; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D003975:Diazepam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D004945:Esophagoscopy; D005260:Female; D005442:Flumazenil / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D008297:Male; D008614:Meperidine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011446:Prospective Studies
D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D005442:Flumazenil; D008614:Meperidine; D003975:Diazepam