Survival after cardiopulmonary resuscitation in an urban Indian hospital.
BACKGROUND
Survival after cardiopulmonary resuscitation depends upon the quality of pre-hospital support, availability of resuscitation equipment and the competence of the resuscitator. There are few data on the prognosis of patients undergoing such resuscitation in India.


METHODS
In a retrospective analysis of 215 resuscitations done in a 125-bed community hospital between January 1995 and November 1997, return of spontaneous circulation and survival to discharge were evaluated. Multivariate methods were used to identify the predictors of successful outcome.


RESULTS
Of all the patients, 14.4% were alive at discharge. Survival after a cardiorespiratory arrest in the hospital was 18.4%, which was significantly better than survival after pre-hospital events (5.9%; p = 0.027). Multivariate predictors of survival at discharge were resuscitation duration of less than 20 minutes [odds ratio (95% confidence limit): 32.6 (6.5-164.3)], presentation with ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation [odds ratio: 18.5 (4.4-77.9)], in-hospital cardiorespiratory arrest [odds ratio: 5.2 (1.2-21.6)] and female sex [odds ratio: 3.2 (1.1-9.6)]. Bystander resuscitation, though rarely provided, increased survival at discharge (p = 0.026).


CONCLUSIONS
With 5.5 resuscitation attempts needed for one live discharge after in-hospital cardiorespiratory arrest and 17 attempts to save a life after pre-hospital events, our outcomes are comparable to those reported from developed nations. A return of pulse after shorter durations of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia as the abnormal presenting rhythm, in-hospital location of cardiorespiratory (CR) arrest and female sex were independent predictors of live discharge. Age and aetiology of CR arrest did not influence the outcome.
Rajaram
R
R
Dr Rangarajan Memorial Hospital, Sundaram Medical Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Rajagopalan
R E
RE
Pai
M
M
Mahendran
S
S
D000368:Aged; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D019037:Urban Health Services