The changing landscape of ischaemic brain injury mechanisms.
Thrombolysis has become established as an acute treatment for human stroke. But despite multiple clinical trials, neuroprotective strategies have yet to be proved effective in humans. Here we discuss intrinsic tissue mechanisms of ischaemic brain injury, and present a perspective that broadening of therapeutic targeting beyond excitotoxicity and neuronal calcium overload will be desirable for developing the most effective neuroprotective therapies.
Lee
J M
JM
Center for the Study of Nervous System Injury and Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
Zipfel
G J
GJ
Choi
D W
DW
D017209:Apoptosis; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000378:metabolism; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D015032:Zinc / Q000633:toxicity
D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D015032:Zinc; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium