Techniques for evaluation of right ventricular relaxation rate in horses and effects of inhalant anesthetics with and without intravenous administration of calcium gluconate.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the most repeatable method for evaluating right ventricular relaxation rate in horses and to determine and compare effects of isoflurane or halothane with and without the added influence of intravenously administered calcium gluconate on right ventricular relaxation rates in horses.


METHODS
6 Thoroughbred horses from 2 to 4 years old.


METHODS
6 models (2 for monoexponential decay with zero asymptote, 3 for monoexponential decay with variable asymptote, and 1 for biexponential decay) for determining right ventricular relaxation rate were assessed in conscious and anesthetized horses. The 2 methods yielding the most repeatable results then were used to determine right ventricular relaxation rates in horses anesthetized with isoflurane or halothane before, during, and after i.v. administration of calcium gluconate. Right ventricular pressure was measured, using a catheter-tip high-fidelity pressure transducer, and results were digitized at 500 Hz from minimum rate of change in ventricular pressure.


RESULTS
2 models that used monoexponential decay with zero asymptote repeatedly produced an estimate for relaxation rate and were used to analyze effects of anesthesia and calcium gluconate administration on relaxation rate. Isoflurane and halothane each prolonged right ventricular relaxation rate, with greater prolongation evident in halothane-anesthetized horses. Calcium gluconate attenuated the anesthesia-induced prolongation in right ventricular relaxation rate, with greater response obtained in isoflurane-anesthetized horses.


CONCLUSIONS
Right ventricular relaxation rate in horses is assessed best by use of a monoexponential decay model with zero asymptote and nonlinear regression. Intravenous administration of calcium gluconate to isoflurane-anesthetized horses best preserves myocardial relaxant function.
Grubb
T L
TL
Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA.
Constable
P D
PD
Benson
G J
GJ
Foreman
J H
JH
Olson
W O
WO
Thurmon
J C
JC
Tranquilli
W J
WJ
Davis
L E
LE
D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D002125:Calcium Gluconate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006221:Halothane / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006334:Heart Function Tests / Q000662:veterinary*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006736:Horses; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014991:Xylazine / Q000627:therapeutic use
D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D014991:Xylazine; D007530:Isoflurane; D002125:Calcium Gluconate; D006221:Halothane