Pain Mechanisms in Laparoscopic Surgery.
Laparoscopic surgery is minimally invasive surgery designed to reduce tissue damage. The pleural and peritoneal anatomy can develop nocioceptive afferent impulses. Common pain pathways are described, and therapeutic options based on physiology are discussed. The underlying anatomical basis of the pain pathway is described.
Nyerges
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Department of Anesthesiology, UCLA Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA