Iontophoresis: a needle-free, electrical system of local anesthesia delivery for pediatric surgical office procedures.
OBJECTIVE
Delivery of local anesthesia for surgical office procedures for pediatric patients can be difficult. Injections are painful and often lead to patient anxiety, and topical anesthetics frequently provide incomplete anesthesia. The authors prospectively studied the efficacy of iontophoresis, a needle-free technique in which positively charged lidocaine and epinephrine molecules are drawn into the tissue by an electrical current as an anesthetic for pediatric surgical office procedures.


METHODS
Children undergoing an office procedure were offered local anesthesia via iontophoresis. Prospectively collected data included patient characteristics, procedure, iontophoresis dose and time, need for additional injected anesthetic, pain during the procedure as determined by a 0 to 5 faces scale, and complications. A satisfaction questionnaire was completed at the follow-up visit or by telephone.


RESULTS
Over an 8-month period, 34 patients with a mean age of 6.8 years (range, 3 months to 15 years) underwent 38 office procedures with anesthesia supplied through iontophoresis. Skin lesion excision (n = 14) and abscess drainage (n = 12) were the most common procedures. Seven patients required unplanned injected anesthetic. A small, superficial burn was the only complication. Sixty percent of patients and 84% of parents rated pain as 0 to 2 (zero to mild). Overall, 88% were satisfied with the anesthetic.


CONCLUSIONS
Iontophoresis appears to be an effective and safe alternative method of local anesthesia delivery for pediatric surgical office procedures.
DeCou
J M
JM
Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Greenville Hospital System, South Carolina 29605-4253, USA.
Abrams
R S
RS
Hammond
J H
JH
Lowder
L R
LR
Gauderer
M W
MW
D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007478:Iontophoresis; D008297:Male; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies
D000779:Anesthetics, Local