The usefulness of biochemical bone markers in predicting the response of hormone replacement therapy in perimenopausal cigarette smoking healthy women.
The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effects of orally administered combined sequential estradiol (2 mg 17 beta estradiol) with progestin (1 mg norethisteron acetate) daily during ( +/- SD) 15.34 +/- 13.89 months on bone markers in perimenopausal cigarette smoking women. The control group consisted of cigarette smoking perimenopausal women without hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The following biochemical bone markers were analyzed in hormone replacement users (N = 35) and non-users (N = 28): serum total calcium (Ca), total alkaline phosphatase (ALP), procollagen I C-terminal propeptide (PICP), cros-linked carboxyterminal collagen I telopeptide (ICTP) and osteocalcin (OC). When we compared the results of bone markers in the cigarette smoking current users and non cigarette smoking non-users, we found statistically significant lower levels of bone formation markers, ALP and OC, and lower level of bone resorption marker; ICTP in users than in non-users. In perimenopausal cigarette smoking women on HRT lower levels of new biological markers reflected less intensive bone remodelling and probable decrease in bone loss than in non-users. These results indicate that the measurement of biological bone markers are useful to identify risk women for osteoporosis who may have special benefit from the treatment with hormone replacement therapy, even when they smoke.
Clinics for Internal Medicine, General Hospital Sveti Duh, Zagreb, Croatia.
M
M
Cubrilo-Turek
A
A
Stavljenić-Rukavina
S
S
Turek
V
V
Kusec
Z
Z
Duraković
D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D003094:Collagen / Q000032:analysis; D024042:Collagen Type I; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009640:Norethindrone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D000077563:Norethindrone Acetate; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000097:blood; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood; D010455:Peptides / Q000032:analysis; D011347:Procollagen / Q000097:blood; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*
D015415:Biomarkers; D024042:Collagen Type I; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010455:Peptides; D011347:Procollagen; C052929:collagen type I trimeric cross-linked peptide; C042813:procollagen type I carboxy terminal peptide; D015675:Osteocalcin; D004958:Estradiol; D003094:Collagen; D000077563:Norethindrone Acetate; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D002118:Calcium; D009640:Norethindrone