Q.E.D. Alcohol test: a simple and quick method to detect ethanol in saliva of patients in emergency departments. Comparison with the conventional determination in blood.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this pilot study was to assess whether ethanol concentrations in saliva are comparable to those in blood and to evaluate whether this new non-invasive saliva alcohol test is suitable for use in emergency departments.


METHODS
Prospective, open, non-randomised study.


METHODS
University hospital emergency department.


METHODS
100 consecutive patients who were admitted to the emergency department whose smell and/or behaviour indicated alcohol abuse. Fifteen patients participated as a control group after they were asked to abstain from alcohol consumption for 24 h before the study.


METHODS
Blood and saliva samples were obtained at the same time for ethanol measurement. The Q.E.D. Alcohol Test A350 was used in order to measure the concentration of ethanol in saliva. Blood samples were analysed by the alcohol dehydrogenase method.


RESULTS
The mean difference between the ethanol levels in blood and saliva was -0.1 mg/dl, whereas the values measured in saliva were on average 0.1 mg/dl higher than those measured in blood (p = 0.002).


CONCLUSIONS
The Q.E.D. Alcohol Test A 350, which uses saliva, is well suited for quantitative determination of alcohol levels. The levels measured in saliva correlate well with those measured in blood at both the lower and the upper end of the scale. Because this test is quick and easy to perform by emergency room personnel and the results are accurate enough for clinical purposes, it should prove valuable to determine whether impaired consciousness is related to alcohol intoxication or to other likely causes.
Department of Internal Medicine, Karl Franzens University Graz, Austria.
K H
KH
Smolle
G
G
Hofmann
P
P
Kaufmann
A
A
Lueger
G
G
Brunner
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D000431:Ethanol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods*
D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; D000431:Ethanol