N(epsilon)(carboxymethyl)lysin and the AGE receptor RAGE colocalize in age-related macular degeneration.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate whether glycoxidation products and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) are present and colocalize in subfoveal membranes of patients with age-related macular degeneration (ARMD).


METHODS
Surgically removed subfoveal fibrovascular membranes from 12 patients, 11 related to ARMD and 1 to an idiopathic membrane, were analyzed for the presence of the glycoxidation product N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysin (CML), one of the receptors for advanced glycation end products, RAGE, and the activation of NFkB, using immunohistochemistry.


RESULTS
CML-like immunoreactivity was found in all ARMD specimens examined adjacent or colocalized with RAGE, but not in the idiopathic membrane. RAGE immunoreactive material was found in CD68-positive cells and in the fibrous matrix. CD68-positive cells and surrounding areas stained for p50, the activated form of NFkB.


CONCLUSIONS
These results indicate that glycoxidation products are present in subretinal membranes of patients with ARMD. The concomitant expression of RAGE in these membranes and the finding of activated NFkB is suggestive of an implication of glycoxidation product formation in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Hammes
H P
HP
Third Medical Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.
Hoerauf
H
H
Alt
A
A
Schleicher
E
E
Clausen
J T
JT
Bretzel
R G
RG
Laqua
H
H
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000378:metabolism; D019773:Epiretinal Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008239:Lysine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000378:metabolism*; D015861:Retinal Neovascularization / Q000378:metabolism; D000097382:CD68 Molecule
D015703:Antigens, CD; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D008239:Lysine; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; C067980:CD68 antigen, human; D000097382:CD68 Molecule; C048496:N(6)-carboxymethyllysine