The construction of a pain intensity verbal rating scale in Chinese.
BACKGROUND
Despite the growing interest of developing multidimensional scales, the use of unidimensional scales in assessing clinical pain is popular for its simplicity, efficiency and ease of administration. The purposes of this study were: first, to explore the pain intensity descriptors used among Chinese. Second, it was to construct a verbal rating scale for pain assessment.


METHODS
It consisted of two stages. Stage One was a cross-sectional descriptive survey to explore the pain intensity descriptors used among adult Chinese in Hong Kong. Stage Two was a Q-sorting technique to array the pain intensity descriptors obtained in Stage One. This was to construct a verbal rating scale (VRS) for pain assessment.


RESULTS
Nine hundred and eighty six healthy Chinese adults participated in Stage One. The ten pain intensity descriptors obtained were bearable ([symbol: see text]), crushing the heart and lungs ([symbol: see text]), crucifying pain ([symbol: see text]), excruciating pain ([symbol: see text]), indescribable ([symbol: see text]), quite painful ([symbol: see text]), painful ([symbol: see text]), slight pain ([symbol: see text]), unbearable ([symbol: see text]) and very painful ([symbol: see text]). In Stage Two, fifty-four baccalaureate-nursing students participated in the Q-sorting procedure. They were asked to rank the pain intensity descriptors according to a set of psychometric criteria. A vertical VRS was constructed with the least pain at the bottom and the most pain on the top. A 'no pain' was added to the bottom of the scale.


CONCLUSIONS
The order of the rank was no pain, slight pain, quite painful, painful, very painful, bearable, indescribable, excruciating pain, unbearable, crushing the heart and lungs and crucifying pain. It is anticipated that a VRS of this kind has its value in the measurement of pain intensity with cultural relevancy.
Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon.
J W
JW
Chung
C H
CH
Wong
J C
JC
Yang
T K
TK
Wong
D000328:Adult; D002681:China; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D010147:Pain Measurement