Interplays between mouse mammary tumor virus and the cellular and humoral immune response.
Mouse mammary tumor virus has developed strategies to exploit the immune response. It requires vigorous immune stimulation to achieve efficient infection. The infected antigen-presenting cells present a viral superantigen on the cell surface which stimulates strong CD4-mediated T-cell help but CD8 T-cell responses are undetectable. Despite the high frequency of superantigen-reactive T cells, the superantigen-induced immune response is comparable to classical antigen responses in terms of T-cell priming, T-cell-B-cell collaboration as well as follicular and extra-follicular B-cell differentiation. Induction of systemic anergy is observed, similar to classical antigen responses where antigen is administered systemically but does not influence the role of the superantigen-reactive T cells in the maintenance of the chronic germinal center reaction. So far we have been unable to detect a cytotoxic T-cell response to mouse mammary tumor virus peptide antigens or to the superantigen. This might yet represent another step in the viral infection strategy.
Acha-Orbea
H
H
Ludwing Institute of Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland. hacha@eliot.unil.ch
Finke
D
D
Attinger
A
A
Schmid
S
S
Wehrli
N
N
Vacheron
S
S
Xenarios
I
I
Scarpellino
L
L
Toellner
K M
KM
MacLennan
I C
IC
Luther
S A
SA
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D008324:Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012192:Retroviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D018089:Superantigens / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000276:immunology
D000956:Antigens, Viral; D018089:Superantigens