Alternative, non-secretase processing of Alzheimer's beta-amyloid precursor protein during apoptosis by caspase-6 and -8.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Although the pathogenesis of AD is unknown, it is widely accepted that AD is caused by extracellular accumulation of a neurotoxic peptide, known as Abeta. Mutations in the beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP), from which Abeta arises by proteolysis, are associated with some forms of familial AD (FAD) and result in increased Abeta production. Two other FAD genes, presenilin-1 and -2, have also been shown to regulate Abeta production; however, studies examining the biological role of these FAD genes suggest an alternative theory for the pathogenesis of AD. In fact, all three genes have been shown to regulate programmed cell death, hinting at the possibility that dysregulation of apoptosis plays a primary role in causing neuronal loss in AD. In an attempt to reconcile these two hypotheses, we investigated APP processing during apoptosis and found that APP is processed by the cell death proteases caspase-6 and -8. APP is cleaved by caspases in the intracellular portion of the protein, in a site distinct from those processed by secretases. Moreover, it represents a general effect of apoptosis, because it occurs during cell death induced by several stimuli both in T cells and in neuronal cells.
Pellegrini
L
L
T-Cell Apoptosis Unit, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Passer
B J
BJ
Tabaton
M
M
Ganjei
J K
JK
D'Adamio
L
L
D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D053829:Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases; D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017209:Apoptosis; D016282:Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases; D053178:Caspase 6; D053181:Caspase 8; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010450:Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D009154:Mutation; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational
D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; D053829:Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases; D010450:Endopeptidases; C505514:CASP6 protein, human; C505530:CASP8 protein, human; C506433:CASP9 protein, human; D053178:Caspase 6; D053181:Caspase 8; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases; D016282:Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases; C509280:BACE1 protein, human