The influence of interleukin gene polymorphism on expression of interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in periodontal tissue and gingival crevicular fluid.
BACKGROUND
A specific composite genotype of the polymorphic interleukin-1 (IL-1) gene cluster has recently been associated with severe periodontitis. One polymorphism of the composite periodontitis-associated genotype (PAG) has been functionally linked with expression of high levels of IL-1. The purpose of this study was to test whether gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of IL-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha), and gingival tissue levels of IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, and TNFalpha correlate with PAG, and to examine the effect of conservative periodontal therapy on these levels.


METHODS
Twenty-two adults with moderate to advanced periodontal disease were enrolled. Polymerase chain reaction amplification and restriction enzymes were used to identify specific polymorphisms from peripheral blood samples. GCF samples were collected at baseline and 3 weeks following conservative treatment and analyzed by ELISA for IL-1beta and TNFalpha. An interproximal gingival biopsy was collected at baseline and follow-up and analyzed for IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, and TNFalpha by ELISA.


RESULTS
The genotyping identified 7 as PAG(+) and 15 as PAG(-). The 2 groups were comparable in terms of existing periodontitis and age. In shallow sites (<4 mm), total IL-1beta in GCF was 2.5 times higher for PAG(+) patients prior to treatment (P=0.03), and 2.2 times higher after treatment (P=0.04), while differences were less apparent in deeper sites. Following treatment, a reduction in IL-1beta concentration in GCF was seen for PAG(-) but not for PAG(+) patients. While not statistically significant, a trend was observed in mean tissue levels of IL-1beta which were 3.6 times higher in PAG(+) versus PAG(-) patients (P=0.09).


CONCLUSIONS
These data suggest that PAG(+) patients may demonstrate phenotypic differences as indicated by elevated levels of IL-1beta in GCF.
Division of Periodontics, School of Dental and Oral Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. spe3@columbia.edu
S P
SP
Engebretson
I B
IB
Lamster
M
M
Herrera-Abreu
R S
RS
Celenti
J M
JM
Timms
A G
AG
Chaudhary
F S
FS
di Giovine
K S
KS
Kornman
D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D012534:Dental Scaling; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005881:Gingiva / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000235:genetics; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*
D007375:Interleukin-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha