Delays in protease inhibitor use in clinical practice.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the clinical factors associated with delayed protease inhibitor initiation.


METHODS
Chart review and telephone survey.


METHODS
General medicine practice at an academic medical center in Boston, Mass.


METHODS
One hundred ninety patients living with HIV and a viral load of more than 10,000 copies/ml.


RESULTS
The main outcome measurement was time to first protease inhibitor prescription after first elevated HIV viral load (>10,000 copies/ml). In this cohort, 190 patients had an elevated viral load (median age 39; 87% male; 12% history of injection drug use; 63% AIDS; 53% with depression; 17% history of pneumocystis pneumonia; 54% CD4 <200). In Cox proportional hazards modeling, significant univariate correlates for delayed protease inhibitor initiation were higher CD4 cell count (hazard ratio [HR] 2. 38 for CD4 200-500 compared with <200, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.59, 3.57; and HR 8.33 for CD4> 500; 95% CI 2.63, 25.0), higher viral load (HR 0.43 for each 10-fold increase; 95% CI 0.31, 0.59), injection drug use (HR 2.08; 95% CI 1.05, 4.17), AIDS (HR 0.24; 95% CI 0.15, 0.36), and history of pneumocystis pneumonia (HR 0.32; 95% CI 0.21, 0.49). In multivariate models adjusted for secular trends in protease inhibitor use, factors significantly associated with delay of protease inhibitor initiation (p <.05) were higher CD4 cell count (for CD4 200-500, HR 2.63; 95% CI 1.61, 4.17; for CD4> 500, HR 11.11; 95% CI 3.57, 33.33), higher viral load (HR 0.66 for each 10-fold increase; 95% CI 0.45, 0.98), history of pneumocystis pneumonia (HR 0.57; 95% CI 0.37, 0.90), history of depression (HR 1. 49; 95% CI 1.03, 2.13), and history of injection drug use (HR 2.70; 95% CI 1.35, 5.56).


CONCLUSIONS
HIV-infected patients with higher CD4 cell counts or a history of depression or history of injection drug use have significant and lengthy delays of protease inhibitor therapy. Although some delays may be clinically appropriate, enhancement of provider and patient education might prove beneficial. Further research should examine reasons for delays in protease inhibitor initiation and their appropriateness.
Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass. 02215, USA.
K M
KM
Fairfield
H
H
Libman
R B
RB
Davis
D M
DM
Eisenberg
D000328:Adult; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D011020:Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / Q000150:complications; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications; D013997:Time Factors; D019562:Viral Load
D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors