Community treatment of severely mentally ill offenders under the jurisdiction of the criminal justice system: a review.
OBJECTIVE
Very large numbers of severely mentally ill persons now fall under the jurisdiction of the criminal justice system. A number of conditions are placed on those who are returned to the community, including specific ones related to treatment. This paper reviews the principles and practice of forensic outpatient mental health treatment.


METHODS
MEDLINE, Psychological Abstracts, and the Index to Legal Periodicals and Books were searched from 1978, and all pertinent references were obtained.


CONCLUSIONS
Community treatment of severely mentally ill offenders who fall under the jurisdiction of the criminal justice system has important differences from treatment of nonoffenders, which focuses on alleviation of symptoms. Patients must comply with legal restrictions on their behavior, and treatment first addresses a patient's risk of harm to the community. Mentally ill offenders are often resistant to treatment. The mental health system may be disinclined to treat them due to their resistance and their criminal history, especially a history of violence. It is critical to identify a treatment philosophy that strikes a balance between individual rights and public safety and includes clear treatment goals, a close liaison between treatment staff and the criminal justice system, adequate structure and supervision, treatment staff who are comfortable with using authority, interventions for managing violence, incorporation of the principles of case management, appropriate and supportive living arrangements, and a recognition of the role of family members and significant others in treatment.
Lamb
H R
HR
Division of Mental Health Policy and Law, University of Southern California (USC) School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90033, USA. hlamb@hsc.usc.edu
Weinberger
L E
LE
Gross
B H
BH
D019090:Case Management; D003156:Community Mental Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D003416:Criminal Law; D005555:Forensic Psychiatry; D006801:Humans; D007373:Interinstitutional Relations; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D011368:Professional-Family Relations; D014754:Violence / Q000517:prevention & control