Synergistic action of fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand and CD40 ligand in the induction of dendritic cells and generation of antitumor immunity in vivo.
Daily treatment of mice with fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L) leads to a significant increase in the number of dendritic cells and induces antitumor immunity. Here, we show that Flt3L and CD40 ligand (CD40L) synergize in the generation of immune responses against two poorly immunogenic tumors, leading to complete tumor rejection in a high proportion of mice. Rechallenge of the Flt3L + CD40L-treated mice with the immunizing tumor resulted in complete inhibition of tumor growth, indicating that these animals had developed long-lasting antitumor immunity. In addition, we demonstrate that endogenous CD40L plays a critical role in antitumor immunity, since blockade of CD40-CD40L interactions in vivo prevents the generation of antitumor immunity in therapeutic and vaccination protocols. Dendritic cells generated in mice treated with Flt3L alone or in combination with CD40L were equally potent in stimulating allogeneic T cells and expressed similar levels of MHC class II, CD80, and CD86. However, mice treated with Flt3L + CD40L had significantly more dendritic cells than mice treated with either of the cytokines alone, suggesting that CD40L promotes the proliferation and/or survival of dendritic cells generated by Flt3L treatment. Dendritic cells generated in this manner are likely to be involved in the priming of antitumor immune responses.
Immunex Corp., Seattle, WA 98101, USA. lborges@immunex.com
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L
Borges
R E
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Miller
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Jones
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Ariail
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J
Whitmore
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W
Fanslow
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DH
Lynch
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D019013:CD40 Antigens / Q000502:physiology; D023201:CD40 Ligand; D002452:Cell Count; D002455:Cell Division / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005260:Female; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D008024:Ligands; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000502:physiology*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012513:Sarcoma, Experimental / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000276:immunology
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D019013:CD40 Antigens; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; D008024:Ligands; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C084881:flt3 ligand protein; D023201:CD40 Ligand; D018664:Interleukin-12