Hepatitis A outbreaks among illicit drug users and their contacts in Queensland, 1997.
OBJECTIVE
To describe five outbreaks of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection associated with illicit drug use during a statewide outbreak of HAV infection in Queensland.


METHODS
Risk factor prevalence survey.


METHODS
All 875 cases of HAV infection notified to Public Health Units in Queensland in the 12 months to 30 November 1997.


METHODS
Type and prevalence of illicit drug use.


RESULTS
Risk factor assessment was completed for 804 cases (91.9%). We identified five outbreaks of HAV infection linked to illicit drug use. These outbreaks accounted for 24.6% (215/875) of all notified cases and 39% (190/482) of notified cases in the 15-34 years age group. The main type of illicit drug use in four of the five outbreaks was injecting drug use (74%; 118/160), while in the other outbreak it was sharing of smoking implements for marijuana (38%; 21/55).


CONCLUSIONS
Illicit drug use may be an under-recognised risk factor for HAV infection, particularly in young people. Faecal-oral transmission through poor personal hygiene, including sharing of implements for smoking marijuana, is the most probable route of transmission in these drug-linked outbreaks. The role of contaminated drug and needle-sharing remains to be clarified.
Shaw
D D
DD
Darling Downs Public Health Unit, Toowoomba, QLD. shawd@health.qld.gov.au
Whiteman
D C
DC
Merritt
A D
AD
el-Saadi
D M
DM
Stafford
R J
RJ
Heel
K
K
Smith
G A
GA
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005260:Female; D006506:Hepatitis A / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D011793:Queensland / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications*