Analysis and sorting of prostate cancer cell types by flow cytometry.
BACKGROUND
Prostate tumor heterogeneity as manifested by differential expression of markers can be attributed to multiple types of cancer cells populating a tumor. Does the composition differ between primary tumor and metastasis? How can one isolate the different cancer cell types to study? What is the relationship among cancer cell types?


METHODS
Flow cytometry keying on the prostate epithelial cell surface markers CD57 and CD44 was applied to analyze and sort single cells prepared from tumor tissue samples by collagenase digestion. In normal tissue, CD57 is found on luminal cells and CD44 on basal cells.


RESULTS
CD57(+) and CD44(+) cells were sorted from various prostate tumor tissue specimens. The CD57(+) cancer cell type was found to predominate in primary tumors, while the CD44(+) cancer cell type was found to predominate in two visceral metastases. All tumors could be characterized by a ratio of CD57(+) and CD44(+) cancer cells.


CONCLUSIONS
Two types of prostate cancer cells, CD57(+) and CD44(+), were identified. The finding that most primary tumors contain a predominantly CD57(+) cancer cell population agrees with the argument that cancer cells arise from the transformation of CD57(+) luminal cells. However, CD44(+) cancer cells are also present in some primary tumors; and in some metastases, they, and not CD57(+) cells, constitute a predominant population.
Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. aliu@u.washington.edu
A Y
AY
Liu
L D
LD
True
L
L
LaTray
W J
WJ
Ellis
R L
RL
Vessella
P H
PH
Lange
C S
CS
Higano
L
L
Hood
G
G
van den Engh
D000008:Abdominal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D018959:CD57 Antigens / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000473:pathology; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D007414:Intestinal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
D015703:Antigens, CD; D018959:CD57 Antigens; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors