Cytokine and chemokine responses following pulmonary challenge with Aspergillus fumigatus: obligatory role of TNF-alpha and GM-CSF in neutrophil recruitment.
Aspergillus fumigatus causes life-threatening invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in the immunocompromised patient. In this study we have used a murine model of intratracheal challenge with A. fumigatus to investigate the recruitment of inflammatory cells in the lung and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Our results show that A. fumigatus causes an acute pulmonary inflammatory response which is dominated by neutrophils and to a lesser extent macrophages. During the peak of infection, proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, GM-CSF and IL-1beta) and chemokines (MIP-1alpha, MCP-1 and MIP-2), are induced within the lung. Furthermore, treatment of mice with neutralizing anti-TNF-alpha and anti-GM-CSF mAbs reduced the influx of neutrophils into the lung and delayed fungal clearance. Our observations show that Aspergillus conidia are effective inducers of host chemokine responses both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, TNF-alpha and GM-CSF play a central role in the recruitment of neutrophils into the lung in response to this clinically important pathogen.
Schelenz
S
S
Department of Microbiology, Guy's, King's and St Thomas's School of Medicine, London, UK. s.schelenz@umds.ac.uk
Smith
D A
DA
Bancroft
G J
GJ
D000818:Animals; D001228:Aspergillosis / Q000276:immunology*; D001232:Aspergillus fumigatus / Q000276:immunology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D054426:Chemokine CXCL2; D006224:Cricetinae; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D015846:Monokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis*
D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D054426:Chemokine CXCL2; D007375:Interleukin-1; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins; D015846:Monokines; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor