Computational analysis of confined jet flow and mass transport in a blind tube.
A computational analysis of confined nonimpinging jet flow in a blind tube is performed as an initial investigation of the underlying fluid and mass transport mechanics of tracheal gas insufflation. A two-dimensional axisymmetric model of a laminar steady jet flow into a concentric blind-end tube is put forth and the governing continuity, momentum, and convection-diffusion equations are solved with a finite element code. The effects of the jet diameter based Reynolds number (Re(j)), the ratio of the jet-to-outer tube diameters (epsilon), and the Schmidt number (Sc) are evaluated with the determined velocity and contaminant concentration fields. The normalized penetration depth of the jet is found to increase linearly with increasing Re(j) for epsilon = O(0.1). For a given epsilon, a ring vortex that develops is observed to be displaced downstream and radially outward from the jet tip for increasing Re(j). The axial shear stress profile along the inside wall of the outer tube possesses regions of fixed shear stress in addition to a local minimum and maximum in the vicinity of the jet tip. Corresponding regions of axial shear stress gradients exist between the fixed shear stress regions and the local extrema. Contaminant concentration gradients develop across the ring vortex indicating the inward diffusion of contaminant into the jet flow. For fixed epsilon and Sc and Re(j) approximately 900, normalized contaminant flow rate is observed to be approximately twice that of simple diffusion. This model predicts modest net axial contaminant transport enhancement due to convection-diffusion interaction in the region of the ring vortex.
Cavanagh
D P
DP
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Robert R. McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
Eckmann
D M
DM
D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005740:Gases; D008954:Models, Biological; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange / Q000502:physiology; D014132:Trachea / Q000502:physiology*
D005740:Gases