Quantification of formaldehyde-mediated covalent adducts of adriamycin with DNA.
Duplex DNA incubated with adriamycin, dithiothreitol (DTT), and Fe3+ under aerobic, aqueous conditions yields double-stranded (DS) DNA bands by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (DPAGE) analysis, characteristic of DNAs which are interstrand cross-linked. Another laboratory has provided evidence that formaldehyde produced under these conditions promotes the covalent linkage of adriamycin to one strand of DNA and suggested that this complex results in the anomalous DPAGE behavior. We provide herein strong support for this interpretation. We show: (a) that mixtures of DNA and adriamycin incubated with DTT/Fe3+, H2O2, or formaldehyde all show DS DNA bands on DPAGE, (b) that the DS DNA bands and the formaldehyde-mediated lesion (detected by an indirect, GC-MS analysis) form with similar time courses, and in similar amounts, and (c) that the DNA in the DS DNA bands contains approximately one such lesion per DNA, whereas the single-stranded DNA is devoid of it. These results further support the interpretation that adriamycin does not create interstrand cross-links in DNA, and that the DS DNA observed in DPAGE experiments derives from the formaldehyde-mediated monoadduct.
Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA.
R A
RA
Luce
S T
ST
Sigurdsson
P B
PB
Hopkins
D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry*; D018736:DNA Adducts / Q000737:chemistry*; D019175:DNA Methylation; D004229:Dithiothreitol / Q000737:chemistry; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000737:chemistry*; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000737:chemistry*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D009691:Nucleic Acid Denaturation; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction
D018736:DNA Adducts; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D005557:Formaldehyde; D004317:Doxorubicin; D004247:DNA; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D004229:Dithiothreitol