Effect of proteinuria reduction on prevention of focal glomerulosclerosis by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition is modifiable.
BACKGROUND
Proteinuria is associated with a progressive loss of renal function; we recently found that both intrarenal effects of proteinuria and the state of systemic nephrosis play an independent role in proteinuria-induced renal damage. Reduction of proteinuria is an important mechanism underlying the renoprotective effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition (ACEi). Both the reduction of proteinuria and the attenuation of the systemic state of nephrosis may be involved in the renoprotection by ACEi.


METHODS
This article entails a post hoc analysis of a previous study on the renoprotective effect of ACEi lisinopril in adriamycin nephrosis. It was attempted to modify therapeutic efficacy of ACEi by increasing lisinopril dose and by dietary sodium restriction, respectively. In this analysis, we aimed to delineate the contribution of proteinuria reduction and the reduction of other intermediate parameters such as hyperlipidemia and blood pressure on the protection against focal glomerulosclerosis (FGS).


RESULTS
We found that in adriamycin nephrosis, ACEi significantly reduced proteinuria, lipids, and blood pressure and provided protection against FGS. Treatment modification by increasing the lisinopril dose resulted in a further reduction of FGS without significant effects on intermediate parameters (proteinuria, hyperlipidemia, and blood pressure), whereas surprisingly, treatment modification by sodium restriction resulted in a further attenuation of intermediate parameters, without additional protection against FGS.


CONCLUSIONS
The renoprotective benefit of an obtained attenuation of intermediate parameters is modified by other factors. Further optimization of renoprotective therapy requires identification of such factors and explicit consideration of therapeutic efficacy on intermediate parameters as well as hard end points.
Groningen Institute for Drug Studies, State University Hospital, The Netherlands.
E
E
de Boer
G
G
Navis
F H
FH
Wapstra
P E
PE
de Jong
D
D
de Zeeuw
D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000009:adverse effects; D005923:Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017706:Lisinopril / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000187:drug effects; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000652:urine; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000494:pharmacology; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D012982:Sodium, Dietary; D014280:Triglycerides; D004317:Doxorubicin; D002784:Cholesterol; D017706:Lisinopril; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A