[Risk factors for the development of malignant melanomas].
There are numerous risk factors for the development of malignant melanomas. Genetic and environmental aspects have to be considered. The most important genetic risk factor is a mutation in the CDKN2A gene, which is a turmorsuppressor-gene which regulates the cell cycle. In addition, the familial dysplastic nevus syndrome shows a marked risk for the development of malignant melanoma. Patients with xeroderma pigmentosum have an inability to repair UV-induced DNA defects. This constellation leads to early development of epitheliomas and malignant melanomas. Constitutional risk factors are fair-red hair and blue eyes with a high tendency for sunburns. The most important environmental factor is UV-exposition. Sunburns before the age of 15 and the total cumulative UV-dosage are high impact risk factors. The most important preventive measures are to check the whole skin at a regular base in a patient with the familal dysplastic nevus syndrome and in addition all persons should wear a hat, trousers, shirt and glasses. Furthermore direct sun exposure should be avoided during noon time.
Abteilung für Dermatologie, Kantonspital Aarau.
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D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000235:genetics; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008545:Melanoma / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control; D012307:Risk Factors; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control; D013471:Sunburn / Q000517:prevention & control; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*
D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16
Risikofaktoren für die Entwicklung maligner Melanome.