Three-dimensional movement of a liver tumor detected by high-speed magnetic resonance imaging.
OBJECTIVE
Three-dimensional (3D) movement of a spherical liver tumor during respiration was investigated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using a high-speed sequence.


METHODS
A marker was placed on the surface of the patient as a reference of distance. Repetition time (TR) was 7.7 ms, echo time (TE) was 4.2 ms, flip angle was 20 degrees, section thickness was 8 mm, and a 256 x 128 matrix was used. The acquisition time was 1.0 s followed by an interval of 0.5 s. The 20 tumor contours extracted during 30 s were superimposed on sagittal and coronal MR images.


RESULTS
The maximum value of tumor edge location was 3.9 cm in the cranio-caudal direction, 2.3 cm in the ventro-dorsal direction, and 3.1 cm in the lateral direction. The mean length of tumor displacement observed was 2.1 cm in the cranio-caudal direction, 0.8 cm in the ventro-dorsal and 0.9 cm in the left-right direction, respectively. The locus of the center of the tumor contour in the sagittal cross section was inclined at 23 degrees and in the coronal cross section was inclined at 18 degrees to the cranio-caudal axis of body.


CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, 3D movement of a spherical liver tumor was detected using rapid MRI sequential examinations. Magnetic resonance imaging has a potential to improve the accuracy of the planning target volume of a liver tumor.
Shimizu
S
S
Department of Radiology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
Shirato
H
H
Xo
B
B
Kagei
K
K
Nishioka
T
T
Hashimoto
S
S
Tsuchiya
K
K
Aoyama
H
H
Miyasaka
K
K
D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009068:Movement; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal; D012119:Respiration; D013997:Time Factors