Genetic alterations in the S gene of hepatitis B virus in patients with acute hepatitis B, chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis B liver cirrhosis before and after liver transplantation.
BACKGROUND
Several studies have shown that hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) imposes a selection pressure on the hepatitis B virus (HBV) S gene, and that the emergence of mutations in this region would make reinfection after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) possible.


OBJECTIVE
This study was undertaken to analyze the presence of HBV S-gene mutations in the different stages of HBV infection and the relationship between HBIG therapy and the emergence of mutations in liver transplant recipients.


METHODS
The frequency and location of mutations in the coding region of the HBV S gene were studied by PCR and direct sequencing in 30 patients (7 with acute self-limited hepatitis B, 16 with chronic hepatitis B and 7 recipients of (OLT) for HBV-related end stage liver disease who became reinfected).


RESULTS
The average number of amino acid changes was higher in patients with a more advanced stage of disease, 0.57 mutations/100 positions in acute hepatitis B and 1.57 in chronic hepatitis B (1.28 in HBeAg-positive and 1.8 in anti-HBe-positive patients). The average number of substitutions in the transplanted patients was 2.7 before OLT and 3 after OLT. No amino acid substitutions were detected in the "a" determinant of HBsAg in acute hepatitis B, however, 8 substitutions were observed in 6 chronic patients. In 3 OLT patients, 4 substitutions were observed in samples before and after OLT. One of these patients, who had protective levels of anti-HBs, showed 3 additional new amino acid substitutions after OLT, suggesting escape mutant selection by the effect of HBIG therapy. No changes were observed between the consensus sequences obtained several years before and after transplantation, indicating consensus sequence stability.


CONCLUSIONS
These results show that there is an accumulation of HBV S-gene mutations in HBV-related end-stage liver disease. Prophylaxis with HBIG mainly obtained from acute self-limited hepatitis patients who have a highly homogeneous viral population, may be one factor underlying the reinfection after liver transplantation.
Biochemistry Department, Hospital General Universitario Valle Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
F
F
Rodriguez-Frias
M
M
Buti
R
R
Jardi
V
V
Vargas
J
J
Quer
M
M
Cotrina
M
M
Martell
R
R
Esteban
J
J
Guardia
D000208:Acute Disease; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D000940:Antigenic Variation / Q000235:genetics; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D000939:Epitopes / Q000235:genetics; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D006513:Hepatitis B e Antigens / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000235:genetics*; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000821:virology*; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D009154:Mutation
D000939:Epitopes; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D006513:Hepatitis B e Antigens; D007136:Immunoglobulins; C045213:hepatitis B hyperimmune globulin