Pre-enrichment of modified low density lipoproteins with alpha-tocopherol mitigates adverse effects on cultured retinal capillary cells.
OBJECTIVE
We determined whether pre-enrichment of low density lipoproteins (LDL) with alpha-tocopherol mitigates their adverse effects, following in vitro glycation, oxidation or glycoxidation, towards cultured bovine retinal capillary endothelial cells (RCEC) and pericytes.


METHODS
LDL, while still in plasma obtained and pooled from non-diabetic humans, was supplemented in vitro with alpha-tocopherol. It was then isolated and modified in vitro by glycation, minimal oxidation, and glycoxidation. Bovine RCEC and pericytes were exposed to LDL (100mg protein/ ml) for three days. Cell count was determined by cell counting, supernatant levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) by ELISA, and nitrite levels by spectroscopic colorimetric assay.


RESULTS
While pre-enrichment of LDL with alpha-tocopherol did not reduce the measured extent of lipoprotein modification, it abolished the reduction in cell count observed with glycated, oxidized and glycoxidized LDL v. normal LDL. Pre-enrichment of LDL with alpha-tocopherol also reduced RCEC supernatant PAI-1 and ET-1 (corrected for cell counts) and increased RCEC and pericyte-associated supernatant nitrite levels: such effects of alpha-tocopherol may inhibit clot formation and favor vasodilatation.


CONCLUSIONS
Enrichment of LDL with alpha-tocopherol abolishes adverse effects of glycated, mildly oxidized, and glycoxidized LDL on cultured retinal cell count, and mitigates adverse effects on modulators of fibrinolysis and vascular tone. Direct evidence is required before Vitamin E supplementation is recommended for people with diabetes.
Medical University of South Carolina Division of Endocrinology-Diabetes-Medical Genetics USA South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA, jenkinaj@musc.edu.
A J
AJ
Jenkins
W
W
Li
K
K
Moller
R L
RL
Klein
M X
MX
Fu
J W
JW
Baynes
S R
SR
Thorpe
T J
TJ
Lyons
D000818:Animals; D002196:Capillaries / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle; D002452:Cell Count / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004338:Drug Combinations; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D006031:Glycosylation; D006801:Humans; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000494:pharmacology*
D004338:Drug Combinations; D019332:Endothelin-1; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D009573:Nitrites; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D011506:Proteins; D014810:Vitamin E