Identifying patterns of disruptive behavior in long-term care residents.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the frequency, timing, and pattern of 45 operationalized disruptive behaviors (DB) in older people in long-term care units.


METHODS
Nursing staff collected prospective descriptive data over 21 consecutive shifts for each patient to document prevalence, frequency, and co-occurrences of DBs.


METHODS
All of the eight long-term care units and one acute/admission unit of a large Veterans Administration Medical Center (VAMC). Each 40-bed unit had patients with varying levels of cognitive impairment and skilled nursing needs.


METHODS
The sample consisted of 240 hospitalized VA patients with a mean age of 72.8 (SD = 8.6) years and mean length of stay of 4.02 (SD = 8.6) years. Residents had dementia, a psychiatric diagnosis, or mixed dementia and psychiatric diagnoses.


METHODS
The Disruptive Behavior Scale (DBS), an instrument designed for collecting patient-level data on 45 separate DBs.


RESULTS
In a 24-hour period, the average frequency was 3.6 DBs per subject. We found that 41.2% of DB occurred during the day shift, 39.2% during the evening shift, and 19.6% during the night shift. In 32% of observed occurrences, only one DB occurred within the hour. In the remaining 68% of observations, two or more DBs occurred within the same hour. We found two behaviors, Does Not Follow Directions and Excessive Motor Activity, to occur with multiple behaviors in multiple categories. Several characteristic patterns were noted; e.g., physically aggressive behaviors rarely co-occurred with verbal DBs. Physically nonaggressive behaviors seemed to occur most frequently with other physically nonaggressive behaviors and, to a lesser extent, with verbal DBs.


CONCLUSIONS
These findings lend support to the existence of patterns of DBs in long-term care patients, a useful step toward targeting interventions early in the behavioral sequence.
Souder
E
E
VA Health Services Research and Development Field Program for Mental Health, College of Nursing, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock, 72205, USA.
Heithoff
K
K
O'Sullivan
P S
PS
Lancaster
A E
AE
Beck
C
C
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000374:Aggression; D003704:Dementia / Q000150:complications*; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D008134:Long-Term Care; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011595:Psychomotor Agitation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014705:Verbal Behavior