title: p53 and p21/Waf1 protein expression and K-ras codon 12 mutation in carcinoma of the papilla of Vater.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There have been few studies on the molecular biological characteristics of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater. In this study, p53 and p21/Waf1 expression and K-ras codon 12 mutation in carcinoma of the papilla of Vater were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-seven cases of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater were studied. Macroscopically, the carcinoma was ulcerative in 15 cases and nonulcerative in 22 cases. Histologically, nine were intestinal type, 27 were pancreaticobiliary type, and one was undifferentiated. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections were immunohistochemically stained for p53 and p21. K-ras codon 12 mutation was detected with the two-step polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method, followed by direct sequencing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  p53 overexpression was found in 17 of 37 cases (46%) and was more frequent in the ulcerative type than in the nonulcerative type (67% vs 32%, p < 0.05). p21/Waf1 protein expression was found in 15 of 37 cases (41%), and was not correlated with that of p53. K-ras codon 12 mutation was found in 14 of 37 cases (38%), and was more frequently detected in the intestinal type than in the pancreaticobiliary type (66% vs 30%, p < 0.05). On direct sequencing, the mutations were mainly GGT to GAT (9/14) and GGT to GTT (4/14). The type of mutation did not correlate with the histological type.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In carcinoma of the papilla of Vater, p53 overexpression may play a role in tumor ulceration. p21/Waf1 expression is induced via a p53-independent pathway. Carcinomas of the intestinal and pancreaticobiliary types may develop via different mechanisms, and K-ras mutation is mainly associated with the intestinal type.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Futakawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Muto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Harihara
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takayama
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Makuuchi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014670:Ampulla of Vater / Q000473:pathology*; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics; D003062:Codon / Q000235:genetics*; D003138:Common Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000502:physiology; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D011379:Prognosis; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) / Q000235:genetics*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D003062:Codon; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)