title: Reduction of ischemia-reperfusion injury of the liver by in vivo adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 gene.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the possibility of reducing ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R injury) to the mouse liver by in vivo adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of the antiapoptotic human Bcl-2 gene.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Ischemia-reperfusion injury has been demonstrated in a number of clinically relevant diseases such as myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular disease, sepsis, peripheral vascular disease, and organ transplantation. In this regard, apoptosis plays a central role.
  
  
  METHODS
  Normal C57BL/6 mice were used. An adenovirus (deltaE1) vector containing the human Bcl-2 gene was developed in the authors' laboratory. An adenovirus vector encoding an irrelevant gene (beta-galactosidase, AdCMVLacZ) was used as a control. Taking advantage of the hepatotropic properties of adenovirus vectors, gene transfer was performed with 1 x 10(9) plaque-forming units by intravenous tail injection, 48 hours before the ischemic injury. Ischemic-reperfusion injury was induced by temporal and segmental occlusion of hepatic blood flow. Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase activity was measured using standard assays. Liver biopsies were obtained before and 6 hours after I/R injury for morphologic assessment, and apoptosis was determined in situ with a histochemical assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression of AdCMVhBcl-2 vector was confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and functionally validated in apoptotic studies in endothelial cells. Expression of the Bcl-2 gene protects against I/R injury, as shown by a significant decrease in transaminases (p < 0.05) and necrosis and apoptosis (p < 0.001), and permanent survival (p < 0.0001), compared with sham-operated animals and animals treated with AdCMVLacZ.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Genetic modification of the liver to induce cytoprotection has potential applications to prevent I/R injury to the liver in surgical interventions, including liver transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Gene Therapy Program, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bilbao
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Contreras
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Eckhoff
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mikheeva
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Krasnykh
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Douglas
authors.forename: F T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Curiel
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae; D000818:Animals; D015870:Gene Expression; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D019254:Genes, bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics*; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors