title: The mechanical properties of fluoride-treated bone in the ovariectomized rat.
abstract: The effect of fluoride therapy on the osteopenic bone of the ovariectomized rat was studied by comparing the densitometric and biomechanical data. Forty retired breeder female Sprague-Dawley rats aged 10 months were randomly divided into five groups. One group (Group A) was killed at the beginning of the study and was used as a baseline. Three groups were ovariectomized and one was sham-operated (Group B) and observed for the same period as a sham-aged group. A group of ovariectomized rats was used as a sham therapy control (Group C) and received only deionized drinking water; the other two groups (F1 and F2) received L-glutamine monofluorophosphate and calcium at a rate of 1:30 F/Ca at different doses by gavage (0.57 mg F/17 mg Ca per kg/day-Group F1; 0.21 mg F/6.30 mg Ca per kg/day-Group F2). Densitometric and biomechanical (compression and three-point bending test) assays, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy were performed on femoral specimens. Biomechanical data showed that the femoral heads of Group F2 required a significantly greater energy-to-failure than Group C (P < 0.05) as well as treated femoral diaphysis when compared with the others (P < 0.01). Significant increases in the elastic modules were observed in fluoride-treated groups (P < 0.001) when compared with other groups. Diffractometric and spectroscopic data showed the presence of fluorine-apatite in both treated groups with a high component of carbonates. Also, fluoride therapy causes an increase of bone stiffness due to the presence of fluoroapatite. It seems to produce two opposed properties in the osteopenic rat bone: a higher resistance to compression loading and a greater frailty to flexion loading.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Surgery, Istituti Ortopedici Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giavaresi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fini
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gnudi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mongiorgi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ripamonti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zati
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Giardino
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D015519:Bone Density; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005270:Femur Head / Q000503:physiopathology; D005459:Fluorides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005973:Glutamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D010052:Ovariectomy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D005973:Glutamine; C082077:glutamine monofluorophosphate; D005459:Fluorides