title: Encephalitis after hepatitis B vaccination: recurrent disseminated encephalitis or MS?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe clinical and MRI features of patients with a disease suggestive of CNS inflammation after hepatitis B vaccination.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight patients with confirmed CNS inflammation occurring less than 10 weeks after hepatitis B vaccination are described. They received follow-up clinically and on MRI for a mean period of 18 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical and MRI findings were compatible with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. However, clinical follow-up, repeated MRI, or both showed the persistence of inflammatory activity, which makes this encephalitis more suggestive of MS than of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The persistent inflammatory activity observed clinically and on MRI in these patients is comparable with that usually observed in MS. Epidemiologic studies are currently testing the hypothesis of a triggering role of hepatitis B vaccination in CNS demyelination.
authors.affiliation: Fédération de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière and Faculté de Mëdecine Pitié-Salpêtrière (Paris VI) France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tourbah
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gout
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liblau
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lyon-Caen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bougniot
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Iba-Zizen
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Cabanis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines