title: Climacteric symptoms and sleep quality.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of climacteric vasomotor symptoms on sleep quality measured by self-report and polysomnography in postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-one healthy postmenopausal women were recruited, of whom 63 completed the study. Each subject recorded climacteric symptoms and subjective sleep quality for 14 days. Sleep quality was evaluated objectively by all-night polysomnography using the static charge-sensitive bed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During polysomnography, a high frequency of climacteric vasomotor symptoms was not associated with changes in sleep latency, percentage of sleep stages, number of arousals, sleep efficiency, or total sleep time. However, a high frequency of climacteric vasomotor symptoms (range 0-8.9, r = .60, P < .001), somatic symptoms (range 0-5.0, r = .25-.44, P < .05), and mental symptoms (range 0-5.0, r = .41-.51, P < .001) was related to impaired subjective sleep quality. In stepwise regression analysis, 32% of the impairment in subjective sleep quality was explained by vasomotor symptoms (P < .001), 14% by palpitations (P < .001), and 4% by mood instability (P = .029). High body mass index predicted impaired objective sleep quality, such as prolonged latencies to stage-2 sleep (r = .27, P = .031) and slow-wave sleep (r = .51, P = .003) and decreased oxygen saturations (r = -.54, P < .001). Older women had decreased sleep efficiency (r = -.27, P = .030) and lower oxygen saturations (r = -.36, P = .004). Serum estradiol level had only a minor effect on objective sleep quality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Impaired subjective sleep quality associated with climacteric vasomotor symptoms did not manifest as abnormalities in polysomnographic sleep recordings. Body mass index and age appeared to have the strongest effect on objective sleep quality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Central Hospital, University of Turku, Finland. paivi.polo-kantola@tyks.fi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Polo-Kantola
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Erkkola
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Irjala
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Helenius
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pullinen
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Polo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002979:Climacteric / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*