title: A three-year follow up of tension free vaginal tape for surgical treatment of female stress urinary incontinence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the long term results of tension-free vaginal tape, a new ambulatory surgical procedure for treatment of female stress urinary incontinence.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective open study using a standardised protocol for pre- and post-operative evaluation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty consecutive women participated in the study. All suffered from genuine stress incontinence. The mean age was 57 years (SD 11), 42 women (84%) were multiparous, 8 (16%) nulliparous.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tension-free vaginal tape implies the implantation of a prolene tape around mid-urethra via a minimal vaginal incision. The procedure is carried out under local anaesthesia, allowing the surgeon to check intra-operatively that continence has been obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the women except one could be operated on an ambulatory basis under local anaesthesia. Mean operation time was 29 minutes (range 1647). Ninety percent of the women were able to micturate spontaneously within 24 hours with insignificant residual volumes. In another 10% of the women an in-dwelling catheter had to be used temporarily. There was no need for long term postoperative catheterisation (> 14 days). Post-operative evaluation was carried out after 2 to 6, 12, 24 and 36 months. According to the protocol, 86% of the women were completely cured and another 11% were significantly improved. No signs of deterioration of the results over time were observed. No defect in healing or rejection of the tape occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We consider the tension-free vaginal tape operation to be a safe and effective surgical procedure for the treatment of female urinary stress incontinence. The technique can be considered as an ambulatory procedure performed under local anaesthesia, allowing the majority of the women to be discharged from the clinic the same day or the day after the procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ulmsten
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rezapour
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000601:surgery*; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D014621:Vagina / Q000601:surgery*