title: Phorbol ester facilitates apoptosis in murine fibroblasts pretreated by mild ultraviolet radiation.
abstract: Although phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) inhibits apoptosis and promotes the growth of some types of cells, it induces apoptosis in other cells. We evaluated the apoptotic effects of PMA on murine fibroblasts (L-929) that had been exposed to ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation at 312 nm, which promotes tumor cell growth. Exposure to PMA alone did not induce Fas, Fas-L, or apoptosis. Cells exposed to mild UV-B irradiation (80 J/m(2)) alone exhibited a slight expression of Fas and Fas-L 36 to 48 h after the exposure, and exhibited apoptosis as evidenced by DNA fragmentation 72 h after exposure. The addition of PMA (0.8 x 10(-5) to 3.2 x 10(-5) M) to the medium 24 h after the UV-B exposure markedly and dose-dependently enhanced these cell responses. Confluent untreated cells, cells cocultured with PMA, and cells cocultured with PMA for 24 h after the UV-B exposure consistently expressed mRNAs for wild-type p53, bcl-2, and ICE. Expression of c-myc mRNA was initially observed, but became undetectable in the cells cocultured for 24 h with a high concentration of PMA (3.2 x 10(-5) M) following UV-B exposure. Such cells subsequently exhibited the maximal apoptotic response. We conclude that mild exposure to UV-B altered murine fibroblast cells in such a way as to facilitate their death by apoptosis upon addition of PMA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Minakami
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sekiguchi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Otsuki
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shoji
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020170:Caspase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D002460:Cell Line; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D051379:Mice; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D019014:fas Receptor; D020170:Caspase 1; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate