title: Management of misplaced or migrated endovascular stents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report experience with techniques for management of misplaced or migrated endovascular stents.
  
  
  METHODS
  During a 5-year period, percutaneous management of 27 misplaced or migrated endovascular stents (16 Palmaz, 11 Wallstents) in 25 patients was attempted. The 17 venous and 10 arterial stents were rescued from the aorta (n = 9), inferior vena cava (IVC) (n = 4), transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt/IVC (n = 2), right atrium (n = 3), right ventricle (n = 2), pulmonary artery (n = 2), iliac vein (n = 2), iliac artery (n = 1), superior vena cava (n = 1), and superior mesenteric vein (n = 1).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stent management was successful in 26 of 27 cases (96%). Eleven stents were removed percutaneously, two were repositioned and removed with a minor surgical procedure, and 13 were repositioned and deployed in a stable alternate location. The only complication was the development of tricuspid insufficiency in the single case in which the procedure failed (4% complication rate). This patient's stent was eventually surgically removed from the right ventricle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Misplaced or migrated endovascular Palmaz and Wallstents can be effectively managed with few complications by using a variety of percutaneous techniques.
authors.affiliation: Section of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, California, USA.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Slonim
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Dake
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Razavi
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Kee
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Samuels
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Rhee
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Semba
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000792:Angiography; D001808:Blood Vessels; D002404:Catheterization; D005260:Female; D005548:Foreign-Body Migration / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects