title: Molecular cytogenetic studies of a serially transplanted primary prostatic carcinoma xenograft (CWR22) and four relapsed tumors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Established cell lines or xenografts from prostatic carcinoma have been infrequently studied cytogenetically. CWR22 and CWR22-R are xenografts that are unique in offering one strongly androgen-dependent and several relapsed strains of a human prostate cancer that can be investigated in the laboratory. We report on the cytogenetic characterization of the hormone-dependent CWR22, and the relapsed CWR22-R serially transplanted xenografts, in our laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  We utilized a suspension harvest of the xenograft tissue to optimize our yield for metaphase chromosome studies and analyzed the hormone-dependent CWR22 and four relapsed CWR22-R xenografts. These studies were accomplished using standard G-banded analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). A variety of DNA probes including alpha-satellite DNA probes, and chromosomal libraries, were utilized for the FISH analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Utilizing both standard cytogenetic analysis and FISH studies we have more precisely defined the CWR22 xenograft: 49,XY,+i(1)(q10),-2, der(4)t(2;4)(p21;q33), +7,+8,+12[7]/50,XY,idem, +der(2)t(2;4)(p21;q33)del(2)(q13q33)[13]. Four relapsed xenografts, CWR22R-2152, CWR22R-2524, CWR22R-2274, and CWR22R-2272 were also studied. Each of these lines demonstrated a different karyotype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CWR22 karyotype offers the simplest reported karyotype for a prostate cancer tissue culture cell line or xenograft; this makes CWR22 an attractive candidate for studies of genetic changes associated with the relapse of prostate cancer treated with androgen withdrawal. Four separate, serially transplanted, relapsed CWR22-R xenografts were detected, each with a separate karyotype.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Center for Human Genetics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kochera
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Depinet
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Pretlow
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Giaconia
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Edgehouse
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Pretlow
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D000728:Androgens / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000235:genetics; D002871:Chromosome Banding; D002877:Chromosomes, Human / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007621:Karyotyping; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009030:Mosaicism / Q000235:genetics; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009919:Orchiectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens