title: Chemopreventive activity of celecoxib, a specific cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, and indomethacin against ultraviolet light-induced skin carcinogenesis.
abstract: Epidemiological and dietary studies suggest that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) reduce the risk of colon cancer, possibly through a mechanism involving inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, which is overexpressed in premalignant adenomatous polyps and colon cancer. Because ultraviolet light (UV) can induce COX-2 and nonspecific NSAIDs can decrease UV-induced skin cancer, we evaluated the ability of two compounds, celecoxib (a specific COX-2 inhibitor) and indomethacin (a nonspecific NSAID), to block UV-induced skin tumor development in SKH:HR-1-hrBr hairless mice. Mice fed 150 or 500 ppm celecoxib showed a dose-dependent reduction (60% and 89%, respectively) in tumor yield. Indomethacin (4ppm) reduced tumor yield by 78%. Although both acute and chronic UV exposure increased cell proliferation and edema, neither compound reduced these parameters. In contrast, UV-induced prostaglandin synthesis in the epidermis was effectively blocked by both compounds. UV-induced increases in COX-2 expression in skin were also not altered in any of the treatment groups. Similarly, tumors that constitutively express high levels of COX-2 displayed no reduction by treatment with celecoxib or indomethacin. The dramatic protective effects of celecoxib suggests that specific COX-2 inhibitors may offer a way to safely reduce the risk of skin cancer in humans.
authors.affiliation: The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park-Research Division, Smithville 78957, USA.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Seibert
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kelloff
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Lubet
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Conti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D000068579:Celecoxib; D002455:Cell Division; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008812:Mice, Hairless; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000187:drug effects; D011720:Pyrazoles; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D011720:Pyrazoles; D013449:Sulfonamides; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D000068579:Celecoxib; D015232:Dinoprostone; D007213:Indomethacin