title: Inexpensive, semi-automated system for measuring mechanical properties of soft tissues.
abstract: Stiffness and strength are important properties of many tissues, but standard material-testing equipment is expensive, often ill-suited for testing soft tissues, and rarely accessible to biologists. We describe a system built around a microcomputer and an electronic balance which is particularly well-suited for measuring stress and strain in small samples of soft tissue. We use a discarded floppy disk drive as a linear actuator to strain the sample, while an electronic balance measures the tension (used to calculate stress). We give an algorithm for a program to drive a microcomputer which controls the floppy disk drive via its parallel port and records the balance measurements via its serial port. We used this system to obtain stress-strain curves from a sample of latex rubber and a sample of soft insect cuticle. Three tests of the rubber sample gave nearly identical results, with smooth, J-shaped stress-strain curves. The stress-strain curves gave a modulus elasticity value of 1.72 Mpa over the steep, straight region, well within the range for natural latex rubber. We also tested a sample of abdominal cuticle from a caterpillar (Manduca sexta). The caterpillar cuticle had a J-shaped stress-strain curve with a modulus of elasticity of 2.11 Mpa over the steep part of the curve. J. Exp. Zool. 284:374-378, 1999.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA. dalexander@alive.bio.ukans.edu
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Ratzlaff
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Roggero
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hsieh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004548:Elasticity; D004867:Equipment Design / Q000191:economics; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018402:Manduca / Q000378:metabolism*; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D008838:Microcomputers; D012408:Rubber; D013314:Stress, Mechanical
chemical_list: D019476:Insect Proteins; D012408:Rubber