title: Generation of constitutively active p90 ribosomal S6 kinase in vivo. Implications for the mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase family.
abstract: p90 ribosomal S6 kinases (RSKs), containing two distinct kinase catalytic domains, are phosphorylated and activated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). The amino-terminal kinase domain (NTD) of RSK phosphorylates exogenous substrates, whereas the carboxyl-terminal kinase domain (CTD) autophosphorylates Ser-386. A conserved putative autoinhibitory alpha helix is present in the carboxyl-terminal tail of the RSK isozymes ((697)HLVKGAMAATYSALNR(712) of RSK2). Here, we demonstrate that truncation (Delta alpha) or mutation (Y707A) of this helix in RSK2 resulted in constitutive activation of the CTD. In vivo, both mutants enhanced basal Ser-386 autophosphorylation by the CTD above that of wild type (WT). The enhanced Ser-386 autophosphorylation was attributed to disinhibition of the CTD because a CTD dead mutation (K451A) eliminated Ser-386 autophosphorylation even in conjunction with Delta alpha and Y707A. Constitutive activity of the CTD appears to enhance NTD activity even in the absence of ERK phosphorylation because basal phosphorylation of S6 peptide by Delta alpha and Y707A was approximately 4-fold above that of WT. A RSK phosphorylation motif antibody detected a 140-kDa protein (pp140) that was phosphorylated upon epidermal growth factor or insulin treatment. Ectopic expression of Delta alpha or Y707A resulted in increased basal phosphorylation of pp140 compared with that of WT, presenting the possibility that pp140 is a novel RSK substrate. Thus, it is clear that the CTD regulates NTD activity in vivo as well as in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA.
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Poteet-Smith
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Lannigan
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Freed
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Sturgill
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006224:Cricetinae; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012270:Ribosomes / Q000201:enzymology*; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases