title: Interleukin-10 enhances immune responses to pneumococcal polysaccharides and sheep erythrocytes in young and aged mice.
abstract: Antibody responses to pneumococcal polysaccharides are decreased in aged mice. Using a system to measure murine antibody responses to the Pnu-Imune vaccine, here we demonstrate that interleukin-10 (IL-10) has an adjuvant effect in enhancing the vaccine response in the aged. IL-10 increased the vaccine responses of B cells from aged mice in vitro only if either T cells or macrophages were also present. The need for T cells or macrophages could be substituted by cytokines such as IL-1 or IL-5, which are normally made by these accessory cells. Thus, IL-10 appeared to act on B cells directly but it worked in conjunction with other cytokines to induce an antigen specific response. In vivo studies showed that IL-10 administration enhanced antibody responses not only to thymic independent antigens but also to thymic-dependent antigens such as sheep erythrocytes. These data suggest that IL-10 may be useful in enhancing vaccine-specific responses in situations in which the host is immunocompromised.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536-0230, USA.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fine
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bondada
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000276:immunology* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology*; D012756:Sheep; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D016753:Interleukin-10