title: Early gastrointestinal regulatory peptide response to intestinal resection in the rat is stimulated by enteral glutamine supplementation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intestinal resection stimulates the synthesis and release of gastrointestinal peptides that regulate the growth and adaptation of the mucosa. Luminal nutrients are necessary for optimal proliferation and glutamine is the preferential nutrient to the small bowel. The interplay between glutamine and regulatory peptides could be important in treating short bowel syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  63 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups: resection; transection, or controls. After intestinal resection animals were orally fed either a diet without glutamine or a glutamine-supplemented diet for 2 days. Transected animals and controls without prior surgery were fed the same two diets. Epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor-alpha, insulin-like growth factors I and II (IGF-I and IGF-II), peptide YY (PYY), and enteroglucagon were analyzed in mucosa from the proximal jejunum, distal ileum as well as in portal plasma when the animals were euthanized 72 h after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intestinal resection resulted in an early increase in portal plasma concentrations of PYY, EGF, enteroglucagon, and mucosal IGF-II and EGF content that were significant in glutamine-treated animals. Glutamine significantly increased PYY in portal blood after resection (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Glutamine could be of importance for the functional adaptation of residual small bowel mucosa by increasing PYY release.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Linköping, Sweden. Mikael.Wiren@lio.se
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wirén
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Adrian
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Arnelo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Permert
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Staab
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Larsson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones / Q000378:metabolism*; D004763:Glucagon-Like Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D005973:Glutamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D019894:Peptide YY / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha; D005973:Glutamine; D019894:Peptide YY; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D004763:Glucagon-Like Peptides; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II