title: Alterations in the immunohistochemical distribution patterns of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors Flk1 and Flt1 in bleomycin-induced rat lung fibrosis.
abstract: To investigate the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in fibrogenesis, the distribution patterns of the VEGF receptors Flt1 and Flk1 were studied by immunohistochemistry, double immunofluorescence, and immunoelectron microscopy in normal (n=2) and bleomycin-treated (n=21) adult rats. Lungs were studied at 5, 24, 28, 35, and 42 days after treatment (p.t.). Flt1, Flk1, and VEGF immunoreactivity localised predominantly to the pulmonary epithelium. In control lungs, Flt1 immunoreactivity was present in ciliated bronchial epithelium and type 2 pneumocytes, Flk1 in Clara cells, and VEGF in Clara cells and type 2 pneumocytes. Flk1 localised to mast cells, present in the peribronchovascular and pleural interstitium only. Flt1- and Flk1-mRNAs were observed in Clara cells and type 2 pneumocytes. Bleomycin-induced fibrogenesis was characterised by a decrease in Flk1 immunoreactivity of Clara cells, and an increase in VEGF-immunoreactive myofibroblasts and type 2 pneumocytes by day 5 p.t., followed by a progressive accumulation of Flk1-immunoreactive mast cells by day 24 p.t. in fibrotic lesions containing VEGF-immunoreactive myofibroblasts. After 42 days, fibrotic regions were densely populated by mast cells. Since mast cells are known to be chemotactically attracted by VEGF, we suggest that VEGF/Flk1 represents the molecular link between proliferation of myofibroblasts, accumulation of mast cells, and the burst of fibrosis at sites of initial lesions in bleomycin-induced fibrosis.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, University Clinics Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden, Germany. hefeh@rcs1.urz.tu-dresden.de
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fehrenbach
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haase
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kasper
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Koslowski
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schuh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Müller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001761:Bleomycin; D001980:Bronchi / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D053818:Chymases; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000378:metabolism; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011658:Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D011975:Receptors, Mitogen / Q000378:metabolism; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D053802:Tryptases; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D008222:Lymphokines; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor; D011975:Receptors, Mitogen; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D001761:Bleomycin; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; C083294:chymase 2; D053818:Chymases; C509223:Tpsab1 protein, rat; C509221:Tpsb2 protein, rat; D053802:Tryptases