title: Perceptual and response interference in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and the effects of methylphenidate.
abstract: Fourteen children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and 14 normal control children were compared with respect to stimulus- and response-related processes. Subjects with ADHD took part in two additional sessions under methylphenidate or placebo. In both experiments, performance and electrophysiological measures such as the P2, N2, and P3 components of event-related potential and electromyogram (EMG) activity were measured during an Eriksen flanker task. In both groups of children, reaction times (RTs) to arrow stimuli incongruent with the target were longer than those to neutral stimuli (response interference), which were again slower than RTs to target-alone stimuli (perceptual interference). Children with ADHD made more errors to incongruent stimuli and showed more response interference. For correct responses, no differences between the groups in response interference effects on reaction time, P2, N2, and P3 latency, or EMG onset were found. Methylphenidate had a general enhancing effect on accuracy but did not specifically reduce interference from the flanking stimuli. Methylphenidate had no effects on RT, N2 and P2 latency, P3 amplitude or latency, or EMG activity. The conclusion that methylphenidate did not influence response processes contrasts sharply with findings reported by authors using the Sternberg memory search task.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Psychopharmacology, Rudolf Magnus Institute for Neurosciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands. L.Jonkman@psychology.unimaas.nl
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Jonkman
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kemner
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Verbaten
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Van Engeland
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Kenemans
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Camfferman
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Buitelaar
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Koelega
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001288:Attention / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010470:Perceptual Masking / Q000502:physiology; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014836:Volition / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D008774:Methylphenidate