title: Pleuropulmonary blastoma: a rare pathology with an even rarer presentation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pleuropulmonary blastoma is among the rarest tumors of childhood. Three types have been described: cystic, solid, and mixed. To date, bilateral disease has not been documented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 5-week-old girl presented with a history of fever. Chest x-ray showed bilateral diffuse cystic lesions. Bowel obstruction developed that required laparotomy. Multiple small bowel polyps were resected. The patient was readmitted 4 months later with deteriorating respiratory status. She underwent sequential thoracotomies for resection of multiple bullae under high-frequency oscillatory ventilation. Small bowel polypectomies were again required because of obstruction. Lung lesions were compatible with pulmonary blastoma but could not be correlated with intestinal polyposis. Bilateral cystic renal lesions were seen on ultrasound scan. Her disease progressed, despite chemotherapy, with the appearance of metastatic iris lesions. She again underwent laparotomies for multiple recurrent generalized small bowel polyps that were causing obstruction. Expanding renal cysts affected kidney function, and she died at 14 months of age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rare association between pleuropulmonary blastoma and Wilms' tumor or nephroblastomatosis is known but rarely reported. Lacking pathological evidence, we can only speculate that this was the case. We have been unable to demonstrate any histological association between the renopulmonary and digestive lesions. Despite many unanswered questions, we are likely dealing with a "syndrome" of sorts with a dire outcome, despite aggressive treatments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Hôpital Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lallier
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bouchard
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Lorenzo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Youssef
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Blanchard
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Lapierre
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vischoff
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tucci
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brochu
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D018202:Pulmonary Blastoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed