title: Systemic physostigmine shows antiallodynic effects in neuropathic rats.
abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the antiallodynic and antinociceptive effects of subcutaneously administered physostigmine (50, 100, 200 micrograms/kg), compared with morphine (2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg) and NaCl after spinal nerve ligation in rats. The following stimuli were used: acetone (cold allodynia), von Frey hairs (mechanical allodynia), and paw flick test (thermal nociception). Motility boxes were used to investigate the effects of the drugs on motor performance. Physostigmine attenuated both mechanical and cold allodynia dose-dependently but had no effect on the paw flick test. The effect was antagonized by atropine (muscarinic receptor antagonist) but not by mecamylamine (nicotinic receptor antagonist) or naloxone (opioid receptor antagonist). Morphine produced dose-dependent antiallodynic and antinociceptive effects. In the antiallodynic doses, morphine caused severe rigidity. Physostigmine 200 micrograms/kg impaired locomotor activity, but no rigidity was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Physostigmine has different effects on allodynia and nociception, which suggests that different cholinergic (muscarinic) mechanisms may be involved in neuropathic and nociceptive pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada. mbd2@musica.mcgill.ca
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pöyhiä
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Kontinen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Paananen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kalso
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008026:Ligation; D008297:Male; D008464:Mecamylamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009270:Naloxone / Q000494:pharmacology; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017288:Pain Threshold; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000150:complications; D010830:Physostigmine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013127:Spinal Nerves
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D009270:Naloxone; D008464:Mecamylamine; D009020:Morphine; D001285:Atropine; D010830:Physostigmine