title: A case of congenital hypopituitarism: difficulty in the diagnosis of ACTH deficiency due to high serum cortisol levels from a hypothyroid state.
abstract: A three-month-old boy presented congenital hypopituitarism in which the hypothyroid state masked ACTH deficiency. Multiple anterior pituitary hormone deficiencies, including ACTH, were finally confirmed. High basal serum cortisol levels (up to 45.1 microg/dl) were observed during a stressful episode before L-thyroxine replacement therapy was started. Decreased morning serum cortisol levels (5.0 microg/dl or below) were observed on the sixth day of L-thyroxine replacement therapy despite mild hypoglycemia (lowest serum glucose level of 50 mg/dl). ACTH deficiency was then confirmed by insulin-induced hypoglycemia test (peak serum cortisol level of 4.9 microg/dl). The present findings showed that serum cortisol levels can be high during a stressful episode in an infant with ACTH deficiency and a coexisting hypothyroid state. Thus, the diagnostic evaluation of adrenal function soon after L-thyroxine replacement therapy is important in order to verify a possible subclinical ACTH deficiency, even in the presence of high serum cortisol levels before L-thyroxine replacement therapy.
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics Unit, Tokyo Metropolitan Kiyose Children's Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nanao
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anzo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsukuda
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
mesh_terms: D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000172:deficiency*; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood*; D007018:Hypopituitarism / Q000151:congenital* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D007223:Infant; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood; D013973:Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D013739:Testosterone; D013973:Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D013972:Thyrotropin; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; D013974:Thyroxine; D006854:Hydrocortisone