13S condensin actively reconfigures DNA by introducing global positive writhe: implications for chromosome condensation.
Xenopus 13S condensin converts interphase chromatin into mitotic-like chromosomes, and, in the presence of ATP and a type I topoisomerase, introduces (+) supercoils into DNA. The specific production of (+) trefoil knots in the presence of condensin and a type II topoisomerase shows that condensin reconfigures DNA by introducing an ordered, global, (+) writhe. Knotting required ATP hydrolysis and cell cycle-specific phosphorylation of condensin. Condensin bound preferentially to (+) supercoiled DNA in the presence of ATP but not in its absence. Our results suggest a mechanism for the compaction of chromatin by condensin during mitosis.
Kimura
K
K
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York 11724, USA.
Rybenkov
V V
VV
Crisona
N J
NJ
Hirano
T
T
Cozzarelli
N R
NR
D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology; D002875:Chromosomes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology*; D004264:DNA Topoisomerases, Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D004278:DNA, Superhelical / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007700:Kinetics; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008938:Mitosis / Q000502:physiology; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D009865:Oocytes / Q000502:physiology; D014981:Xenopus
D004278:DNA, Superhelical; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; C108312:condensin complexes; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; D004264:DNA Topoisomerases, Type I; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II