title: A comprehensive educational program improves clinical outcome measures in inner-city patients with asthma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite improved understanding of the pathophysiology of asthma, morbidity and mortality continue to rise, with disproportionate increases occurring among urban, indigent minorities. New approaches in the management of asthma are therefore necessary to reverse these dramatic and costly trends.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine if patients who are admitted to the hospital with acute asthma and receive inpatient education will have improved outpatient follow-up and clinical outcome measures compared with those receiving conventional care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients enrolled in the study had a primary admission diagnosis of asthma and were between ages 18 and 45 years. Exclusion criteria included comorbid disease, inability to speak English, absence of a telephone in the primary residence, or pregnancy. Seventy-seven patients admitted from the emergency department with asthma were randomized to either the inpatient educational program (IEP) or routine care (control group). Patients in the IEP received asthma education, bedside spirometry, a telephone call 24 hours after discharge, and scheduled follow-up in an outpatient asthma program within 1 week of discharge. Those individuals randomized to the routine management group received conventional inpatient asthma care and routine follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients enrolled in the IEP had a markedly higher follow-up rate compared with outpatient appointments (60% vs. 27%; P = .01) and significantly fewer emergency department visits (P = .04) and hospitalizations (P = .04) for asthma in the 6 months following IEP intervention, as compared with control patients. This represented a substantial cost savings to the managed care organization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study suggests that an IEP in the treatment of indigent, inner-city patients hospitalized with asthma reduces the need for subsequent emergent care and improves outpatient follow-up in a cost-effective manner.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Nursing, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia 19104-4283, USA.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: O'Dowd
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: K O
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Lindell
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Whitney
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ramondo
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grissinger
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hansen-Flaschen
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Panettieri
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001249:Asthma / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010045:Outpatients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D015143:Philadelphia; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000628:therapy; D015397:Program Evaluation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014504:Urban Health