title: Development and validation of an assay for urinary tissue factor activity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Activation of blood coagulation is a common complication of cancer and inflammation in both humans and experimental animals. Increased production of tissue factor--the principal initiator of the coagulation process--by endothelial cells, monocytes, and macrophages has been implicated in these conditions.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether urinary tissue factor (uTF) might reflect the state of monocyte/macrophage activation and be a useful diagnostic test.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urine was centrifuged at 51,000 g to sediment tissue factor containing membrane vesicles. The tissue factor was then solubilised in beta-octyl-glucopyranoside and assayed in a specific chromogenic assay adapted for use in microtitre plates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The assay proved to be sensitive, specific, and reproducible. The normal range of uTF was relatively narrow and unaffected by age, sex, or cigarette smoking. Levels were not significantly influenced by storage of urine samples before assay or by the presence of fresh blood in the urine sample.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This method may have diagnostic application in the study of haemostatic activation in patients with cancer and other disease states.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Haematology, Southampton University Hospitals, UK.
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Lwaleed
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chisholm
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Francis
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000652:urine*; D001777:Blood Coagulation; D006801:Humans; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000652:urine; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013925:Thromboplastin / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D013925:Thromboplastin