title: Logistic regression analysis of high grade spindle cell neoplasms. A fine needle aspiration cytologic study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify primary diagnostic cytologic criteria for various high grade spindle cell neoplasms.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed 30 osteosarcomas, 29 malignant fibrous histiocytomas (MFH), 26 malignant melanomas, 13 chondrosarcomas, 12 leiomyosarcomas, 7 angiosarcomas and 5 liposarcomas. All specimens were coded as to the presence or absence of the following variables: high or low cellularity, tissuelike fragments, glandlike fragments, single cells, binucleated cells, multinucleated cells, lipoblastlike cells, histiocytelike cells, fibroblastlike cells, signet-ring cells, short spindle cells, long filamentous cells, stellate cells, osteoclastic giant cells, malignant giant cells, background cells, pointed nuclei, cigar-shaped nuclei, fishhook-shaped nuclei, round or ovoid nuclei, intranuclear vacuoles, macronucleoli, small nucleoli, mitotic figures, abnormal mitotic figures, pleomorphism, nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio (mild, moderate, marked increase), amount of cytoplasm (scant, moderate, abundant), fine or coarse granular cytoplasm, intracytoplasmic hemosiderin deposits, melanin, cytoplasmic vacuoles, fat, capillary vessel fragments, storiform pattern, necrosis, large or small amount of myxoid material, filamentous stroma, dense collagenous stroma, osteoid, chondroid and cells in lacunae. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the variables predictive of each diagnostic category.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The statistical analysis selected positive expression of osteoid, osteoclastic giant cells and low cellularity as the primary criteria associated with osteosarcomas. Positive expression of fibroblastlike cells, large amount of myxoid material and multinucleated cells were identified to be the key criteria for MFH. The analysis selected the presence of melanin as the major criterion for malignant melanomas, cells lying in lacunae for chondrosarcomas, fishhook nuclei for leiomyosarcomas, intracytoplasmic iron deposits for angiosarcomas and lipoblastlike cells for liposarcomas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From the previously described cytologic criteria, statistical analysis helped identify several key features that are significant in the evaluation of pleomorphic spindle cell neoplasms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Dodge
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Layfield
mesh_terms: D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D018219:Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008545:Melanoma / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000473:pathology*