title: Interferon-alpha enhances the sensitivity of human osteosarcoma cells to etoposide.
abstract: The purpose of these studies was to determine whether interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) could enhance the sensitivity of human osteosarcoma cells to the cytotoxic actions of etoposide (VP-16). Cytostasis was determined using a [3H]thymidine incorporation assay, whereas cytotoxicity was quantified by a colony-formation assay. Low concentrations (0.1-5 U/ml) of IFN-alpha enhanced the cytostatic activity of VP-16 against MG-63, SAOS-2, and TE-85 osteosarcoma cells. The cytostatic activity of 1 microM VP-16 rose from 11% to 64%, 9% to 31%, and 10% to 71%, respectively, in the three cell lines when IFN-alpha was present. Survival fraction was also decreased when the osteosarcoma cells were treated with VP-16 + IFN-alpha as compared to either agent alone. The interaction between these two agents was determined to be synergistic rather than additive by interaction index analysis. Similar effects on cytostasis and cytotoxicity were observed when IFN-alpha was combined with Adriamycin but not cisplatin, actinomycin D, vinblastine, or amsacrine. VP-16 uptake was enhanced 12-fold in the presence of IFN-alpha, but this did not appear to translate into an increase in topoisomerase-II (topo-II)-DNA complex formation as quantified by the sodium dodecyl sulfate-KCl precipitation assay. We also could not detect alterations in topo-II expression, topo-II protein production, or cell cycle kinetics that have been shown to correlate with increased VP-16 cell sensitivity. Therefore, at this time the mechanism of enhanced cell sensitivity to the combination treatment remains unclear.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA.
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Worth
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Kleinerman
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D016898:Interferon-alpha; D005047:Etoposide; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II