title: Mechanism of tolerance development to 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine in rats: down-regulation of the 5-HT2A, but not 5-HT2C, receptor.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Defining the mechanism of tolerance development to hallucinogenic drugs will help to explain their mechanism of action.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study was conducted to determine first, if tolerance develops to the discriminative stimulus (DS) properties of the hallucinogen, 2,5 dimethoxy-4-iodo-amphetamine (DOI) and second, the mechanism mediating tolerance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were trained to discriminate 0.75 mg/kg DOI from saline on a concurrent VI-30-min schedule of reinforcement with a 15-min time-out for incorrect responses. To evaluate tolerance development, rats were assigned to one of four groups and treated with either chronic saline or chronic DOI. Prior to chronic treatment, two groups were tested for choice behavior following vehicle administration while the remaining two groups were tested following the administration of 0.375 mg/kg DOI. One group from each pre-test condition was injected with either saline or DOI (1 mg/kg) for 8 days. Twenty-four hours after the last chronic injection the pre-test treatments were replicated. Using receptor autoradiography, the density of 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors was measured in independent groups of rats that had received identical treatment conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Animals receiving chronic DOI showed a 60% decrease in DOI lever responding (from 100% to 40%) when tested on 0.375 mg/kg DOI, while animals receiving chronic saline showed no change in percent choice (100%) on the DOI lever. Significant changes in binding were observed in 5-HT2A receptors but not 5-HT2C receptors. The results of tests with antagonists were consistent with the changes in binding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that behavioral tolerance to DOI reflects neuroadaptive changes in 5-HT2A receptors.
authors.affiliation: John F. Kennedy Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA.
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Barrett
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sanders-Bush
mesh_terms: D000662:Amphetamines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001345:Autoradiography; D004193:Discrimination Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D044402:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A; D044405:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C; D011985:Receptors, Serotonin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D017366:Serotonin Receptor Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000662:Amphetamines; D044402:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A; D044405:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C; D011985:Receptors, Serotonin; D017366:Serotonin Receptor Agonists; C015952:4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine