title: Unilateral vocal fold paralysis: causes, options and outcomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study presents the current aetiology of and management options for vocal fold paralysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and eight patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis, managed by The Sydney Voice Clinic from 1989 to 1996, are reviewed. Aetiology of the palsy was classified as iatrogenic (45 of 108), idiopathic (36 of 108) and other defined causes (27 of 108). Nineteen patients were observed with the rest being managed with speech therapy alone (38 of 108), surgery (24 of 108) or surgery with adjuvant speech therapy (27 of 108). Surgical techniques included vocal fold augmentation (n = 43), thyroplasty (n = 20) and laryngeal re-innervation (n = 12).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall 78 of 108 patients had restoration of near normal to normal voice with an additional 14 attaining a very good voice or better (voice outcome <2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early intervention for symptomatic patients was found to be rewarding and safe. Vocal fold augmentation with autologous fat was particularly successful in achieving sustained improvement of voice.
authors.affiliation: The Sydney Voice Clinic, Australia. thavas@ozemail.com.au
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Havas
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lowinger
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Priestley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013070:Speech Therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014826:Vocal Cord Paralysis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*