title: Apoptosis in placentas from human T-lymphotropic virus type I-seropositive pregnant women: a possible defense mechanism against transmission from mother to fetus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The mechanism by which the placenta serves as the barrier against mother-to-fetus transmission of microorganisms remains to be elucidated. Programmed cell death, apoptosis, is considered a cellular defense mechanism against infection. The hypothesis of this study is that apoptosis of human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I)-infected placental villous cells is involved in the defense mechanism against mother-to-fetus transmission of HTLV-I.
  
  
  METHODS
  Apoptosis was compared in term placentas from eight HTLV-I-seropositive pregnant women and eight HTLV-I-seronegative pregnant women by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine nick end-labeling method. In addition, an in vitro cocultivation with an HTLV-I-infected lymphocyte cell line (MT-2 cells) was performed to examine whether placental villous cells were infected with HTLV-I and apoptosis was induced.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of apoptosis-positive cells (nuclei) in placentas from the HTLV-I-seropositive pregnant women was higher than in the HTLV-I-seronegative pregnant women (P < .02). Cocultivation with MT-2 cells showed that trophoblast cells were able to be infected with HTLV-I and that apoptosis was induced in the placental villous cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HTLV-I infection induces apoptosis in the placenta. We speculate that apoptosis may be involved in the defense mechanism of the placenta against mother-to-fetus transmission of HTLV-I.
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, Kagoshima University, Japan. toshinet@health.nop.kagoshima-u-ac-jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujino
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Iwamoto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Otsuka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takesako
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nagata
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017209:Apoptosis; D005260:Female; D015490:HTLV-I Infections / Q000635:transmission*; D006801:Humans; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D007752:Obstetric Labor, Premature / Q000473:pathology*; D010920:Placenta / Q000473:pathology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious