title: Long-term results of a randomized trial for the treatment of Stages B2 and C prostate cancer: radical prostatectomy versus external beam radiation therapy with a common endocrine therapy in both modalities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To improve the treatment of locally advanced prostate cancer (Stages B2 and C), a prospective randomized trial was conducted to compare radical prostatectomy versus external beam radiotherapy with the combination of endocrine therapy in both modalities.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred patients were enrolled and 95 were evaluated. Forty-six patients underwent radical prostatectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection, and 49 were treated with radiation by linear accelerator with 40 to 50 Gy to the whole pelvis and a 20-Gy boost to the prostatic area. For all patients, endocrine therapy was initiated 8 weeks before surgery or radiation, and continued thereafter. The living patients were asked to respond to a quality-of-life questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The follow-up period ranged from 6.0 to 94.4 months (median 58.5). The progression-free and cause-specific survival rates at 5 years were 90.5% and 96.6% in the surgery group and 81.2% and 84.6% in the radiation group, respectively. The surgery group had better progression-free and cause-specific survival rates (P = 0.044 and 0.024, respectively). More patients in the surgery group complained of urinary incontinence. The questionnaire revealed that quality of life was less disturbed in the radiation group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radical prostatectomy combined with endocrine therapy may contribute to the survival benefit of patients with locally advanced prostate cancer. External beam radiotherapy in combination with endocrine therapy can be used in selected patients because of its low morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akakura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Isaka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akimoto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hachiya
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Usami
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kotake
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tobisu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohashi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sumiyoshi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kakizoe
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shimazaki
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D000368:Aged; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009919:Orchiectomy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists