title: Intracellular redox state determines whether nitric oxide is toxic or protective to rat oligodendrocytes in culture.
abstract: We found that several nitric oxide donors had similar potency in killing mature and immature forms of oligodendrocytes (OLs). Because of the possibility of interaction of nitric oxide with intracellular thiols, we tested the effect of the nitrosonium ion donor S-nitrosylglutathione (SNOG) in OL cultures in the setting of cystine deprivation, which has been shown to cause intracellular glutathione depletion. Surprisingly, the presence of 200 microM SNOG completely protected OLs against the toxicity of cystine depletion. This protection appeared to be due to nitric oxide, because it could be blocked by hemoglobin and potentiated by inclusion of superoxide dismutase. We tested the effect of three additional NO* donors and found that protection was not seen with diethylamine NONOate, a donor with a half-life measured in minutes, but was seen with dipropylenetriamine NONOate and diethylaminetriamine NONOate, donors with half-lives measured in hours. This need for donors with longer half-lives for the protective effect suggested that NO* was required when intracellular thiol concentrations were falling, a process evolving over hours in medium depleted of cystine. These studies suggest a novel protective role for nitric oxide in oxidative stress injury and raise the possibility that intracerebral nitric oxide production might be a mechanism of defense against oxidative stress injury in OLs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Program in Neuroscience, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Altiok
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Back
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Volpe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002374:Catalase / Q000494:pharmacology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016922:Cellular Senescence / Q000187:drug effects; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000166:cytology; D003545:Cysteine / Q000378:metabolism; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase / Q000378:metabolism; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000494:pharmacology; D006834:Hydrazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D009153:Mutagens / Q000494:pharmacology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity*; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000494:pharmacology; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides; D009603:Nitroso Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity*; D009836:Oligodendroglia / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D026422:S-Nitrosoglutathione; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D005609:Free Radicals; D006454:Hemoglobins; D006834:Hydrazines; D009153:Mutagens; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides; D009603:Nitroso Compounds; C094210:2,2'-(hydroxynitrosohydrazono)bis-ethanamine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D026422:S-Nitrosoglutathione; C084012:1,1-diethyl-2-hydroxy-2-nitrosohydrazine; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase; D005978:Glutathione; D003545:Cysteine