title: Early motion of the ankle after operative treatment of a rupture of the Achilles tendon. A prospective, randomized clinical and radiographic study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Different regimens of early motion of the ankle after operative treatment of a ruptured Achilles tendon have been suggested since the late 1980s. However, as far as we know, no controlled studies comparing these regimens with conventional immobilization in a cast have been reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective study, seventy-one patients who had an acute rupture of the Achilles tendon were randomized to either conventional postoperative management with a cast for eight weeks or early restricted motion of the ankle in a below-the-knee brace for six weeks. The brace was modified with an elastic band on the posterior surface, in a manner similar to the principle of Kleinert traction. Metal markers were placed in the tendon, and the separation between them was measured on serial radiographs during the first twelve weeks postoperatively. The patients were assessed clinically when the cast or brace was removed, at twelve weeks postoperatively, and at a median of sixteen months postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The separation between the markers at twelve weeks postoperatively was nearly identical in the two groups, with a median separation of 11.5 millimeters (range, zero to thirty-three millimeters) in the patients managed with early motion of the ankle and nine millimeters (range, one to forty-one millimeters) in the patients managed with a cast. The separation was primarily correlated with the initial tautness of the repair (r[S] = 0.45). No patient had excessive lengthening of the tendon. The patients managed with early motion had a smaller initial loss in the range of motion, and they returned to work and sports activities sooner than those managed with a cast. Furthermore, there were fewer visible adhesions between the repaired tendon and the skin in the patients managed with early motion, and these patients were subjectively more satisfied with the overall result. The patients in both groups recovered a median of 89 percent of strength of plantar flexion compared with that of the noninjured limb, as measured with an isometric strain-gauge at 15 degrees of dorsiflexion. The heel-rise index was similar for both groups: 0.88 for the patients managed with early motion and 0.89 for those managed with a cast.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early restricted motion appears to shorten the time needed for rehabilitation. There were no complications related to early motion in these patients. However, early unloaded exercises did not prevent muscle atrophy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Odense University Hospital, Denmark. niels.mortensen@dadlnet.dk
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Mortensen
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Skov
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Jensen
mesh_terms: D000125:Achilles Tendon / Q000293:injuries* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000503:physiopathology; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D001915:Braces; D002370:Casts, Surgical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D012421:Rupture; D013708:Tendon Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D000267:Tissue Adhesions; D016896:Treatment Outcome