title: From technical quality assurance of radiotherapy to a comprehensive quality of service management system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A hierarchy of dosimetry, planning and machine performance checks and evaluations of clinical outcomes have been widely used in radiotherapy for decades. Procedures, codes of practice and guidance are readily available on the 'technical aspects' of radiotherapy treatments, maintenance of which is achieved by quality control checks within a quality assurance approach to radiotherapy. Recently a series of high profile, well-publicised treatment 'accidents' resulting in damage to patients have focused the attention of both professionals and the public. There is now pressure to introduce formal quality management systems. Patients and their relatives/carers are having their expectations raised but their definition of a quality service differs from that generally considered by the oncology professionals. Most departmental managers and staff have wide experience of quality control checks. They understand the philosophy of quality assurance. However the idea of formal quality systems/quality management is alien to them. What is a professional/departmental manager to do?
  
  
  METHODS
  This paper addresses that question by discussing the underlying principles of quality management covering service provision as well as technical radiotherapy treatment delivery and by providing some guidance based on experience in the practical implementation of quality management through three stages of development: a QA programme incorporating checks on essential parts of the technical treatment delivery, a formal documented certified QA system focusing on technical treatment delivery, a comprehensive quality management system covering all parts of a service.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One possible action plan is provided indicating progress through the three stages of development based on experience in one large Radiation Oncology Department. With planning, resources and commitment, a comprehensive quality of service management system is achievable in radiotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Directorate of Clinical Oncology, Western General Hospitals, NHS Trust, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kehoe
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Rugg
mesh_terms: D004517:Education, Professional; D006801:Humans; D010559:Personnel Management; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control; D018788:Radioactive Hazard Release / Q000517:prevention & control; D011871:Radiology / Q000193:education; D011874:Radiometry; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000592:standards*; D017749:Total Quality Management