title: Homocyst(e)ine and risk of cerebral infarction in a biracial population : the stroke prevention in young women study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Genetic enzyme variation and vitamin intake are important determinants of blood homocyst(e)ine levels. The prevalence of common genetic polymorphisms influencing homocyst(e)ine levels varies by race, and vitamin intake varies by socioeconomic status. Therefore, we examined the effect of vitamin intake, race, and socioeconomic status on the association of homocyst(e)ine with stroke risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  All 59 hospitals in the greater Baltimore-Washington area participated in a population-based case-control study of stroke in young women. One hundred sixty-seven cases of first ischemic stroke among women aged 15 to 44 years were compared with 328 controls identified by random-digit dialing from the same region. Risk factor data were collected by standardized interview and nonfasting phlebotomy. Plasma homocyst(e)ine was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blacks and whites did not differ in median homocyst(e)ine levels, nor did race modify the association between homocyst(e)ine and stroke. After adjustment for cigarettes per day, poverty status, and regular vitamin use, a plasma homocyst(e)ine level of >/=7.3 micromol/L was associated with an odds ratio for stroke of 1.6 (95% CI, 1.1 to 2.5).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The association between elevated homocyst(e)ine and stroke was independent not only of traditional vascular risk factors but also of vitamin use and poverty status. The degree of homocyst(e)ine elevation associated with an increased stroke risk in young women is lower than that previously reported for middle-aged men and the elderly and was highly prevalent, being present in one third of the control group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Maryland at Baltimore, USA. skittner@umaryland.edu
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kittner
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Giles
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Macko
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hebel
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Wozniak
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Wityk
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Stolley
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sloan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sherwin
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: McCarter
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Earley
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Buchholz
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Malinow
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D044383:Black People; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D017270:Lipoprotein(a) / Q000097:blood; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014815:Vitamins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D044465:White People; D001741:Black or African American
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D017270:Lipoprotein(a); D014815:Vitamins; D006710:Homocysteine