title: Lipophilization of somatostatin analog RC-160 improves its bioactivity and stability.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Acromegaly is a symptomatically disabling condition, resulting from a growth hormone (GH) secreting pituitary tumor. The somatostatin analog RC- 160 is known to potently inhibit hypersecretion of GH, from pituitary adenomas. However, the therapeutic potential of RC-160, is limited by its short serum half life. To overcome this limitation, fatty acids with carbon chain lengths ranging from 4 to 18 were conjugated to RC-160.
  
  
  METHODS
  The GH-inhibitory activity of these lipopeptides, as well as their binding profile to somatostatin receptors, on the rat pituitary adenoma cell line GH3 was studied in vitro. The relative stability of lipophilized RC-160 towards degradation by crude papaya protease was also determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The long chain lipopeptides, like myristoyl-RC-160 (carbon chain length = 14) were found to exhibit greater receptor affinity and GH-inhibitory activity, as compared to their counterparts of lower chain lengths. However, the receptor affinity and GH-inhibitory activity of stearoyl-RC-160 (carbon chain length = 18), was found to lower than RC-160 and its lipophilized derivatives. Unlike RC-160, the myristoylated derivative was found to have significantly greater resistance to protease and serum degradation (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lipophilization of RC-160 with long chain fatty acids improves its stability and GH-inhibitory activity. The activity of lipophilized RC-160 seems to increase with increasing hydrophobicity of the lipopeptide, and reaches a maxima at myristoyl-RC-160 for GH3. Hence, optimizing the hydrophobicity should be an important consideration governing the design and synthesis of bioactive lipopeptides.
authors.affiliation: NeuroImmunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dasgupta
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004355:Drug Stability; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000097:blood; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin / Q000378:metabolism; D012636:Secretory Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D012995:Solubility; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D008074:Lipoproteins; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin; C051458:vapreotide; D013004:Somatostatin; D013006:Growth Hormone; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases