title: Determination of naphthalene metabolites in human urine by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization.
abstract: The use of a liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry system was investigated for the quantitative analysis of naphthalene metabolites (alpha-naphthol, alpha-naphthylglucuronide and beta-naphthylsulphate) in untreated urine samples. Chromatography was carried out under ion-suppressed reversed-phase conditions, by using high-speed (3 cm, 3 microns) columns and formic acid (2 mM) as a modifier in the mobile phase. The ionization was obtained in the negative-ion mode. Linearity, sensitivity and precision of the method were explored by operating in selected-ion monitoring mode. The method was applied to the quantitative analysis of naphthalene metabolites in untreated urine samples from workers in a naphthalene producing plant. Solid-phase extraction was used for sample clean-up and trace enrichment. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry experiments were performed for confirmation purposes.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Clinica Medica, Nefrologia e Scienze della Prevenzione, Università di Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Andreoli
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Manini
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bergamaschi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mutti
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Franchini
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Niessen
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000652:urine*; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D009281:Naphthalenes; C031721:naphthalene