title: Nebulized cyclosporine in the rat: assessment of regional lung and extrapulmonary deposition.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nebulized cyclosporine (CsA) has been shown to limit lung allograft rejection as well as intramuscular (IM) CsA, with limited blood diffusion. The present study determined the pharmacokinetic parameters of nebulized CsA, by the assessment of regional lung deposition and extrapulmonary diffusion of CsA.
  
  
  METHODS
  CsA was given either by IM injection (10 mg/kg) or by aerosol (at 10 and 25 mg/kg doses); 70 rats were killed at 25 and 50 min, and at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, or 48 hr after CsA administration. CsA levels were measured in the whole lung, in central and peripheral parts of the lung, in whole blood, kidney, and heart. The areas under the concentration time curves (AUCs) were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In blood, kidney, and heart, CsA levels were significantly higher for IM than for aerosol administrations at 10 and 25 mg/kg doses. In the whole lung, the AUC was greater for the aerosol route at 25 mg/kg doses (588 ng x hr/mg) than for the low-dose (200 ng x hr/mg) or IM administration (200 ng x hr/mg). The central to peripheral index of CsA (ratio of AUC central/peripheral part of the lung) was not significantly different for both aerosol administrations (0.63 and 0.69, respectively) and for the IM route (0.81).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nebulized CsA allows better pulmonary concentration than IM administration, with equivalent central and peripheral deposition whatever the mode of administration, and results in lower levels in blood, kidney, and heart.
authors.affiliation: Service de Pneumologie et Chirurgie Thoracique, CMC Foch, Suresnes, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Blot
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Faurisson
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bernard
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sellam
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Friard
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tavakoli
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carbon
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bisson
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Pocidalo
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Caubarrere
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000336:Aerosols; D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006207:Half-Life; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D016572:Cyclosporine