title: Effects of reactive oxygen and nitrogen metabolites on RANTES- and IL-5-induced eosinophil chemotactic activity in vitro.
abstract: Eosinophils and increased production of nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide, components of peroxynitrite, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of allergic disorders including asthma. Peroxynitrite induced protein nitration may compromise enzyme and protein function. We hypothesized that peroxynitrite may modulate eosinophil migration by modulating chemotactic cytokines. To test this hypothesis, the eosinophil chemotactic responses of regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and interleukin (IL)-5 incubated with and without peroxynitrite were evaluated. Peroxynitrite-attenuated RANTES and IL-5 induced eosinophil chemotactic activity (ECA) in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05) but did not attenuate leukotriene B4 or complement-activated serum ECA. The reducing agents deferoxamine and dithiothreitol reversed the ECA inhibition by peroxynitrite, and exogenous L-tyrosine abrogated the inhibition by peroxynitrite. PAPA-NONOate, a NO donor, or superoxide generated by lumazine or xanthine and xanthine oxidase, did not show an inhibitory effect on ECA. The peroxynitrite generator, 3-morpholinosydnonimine, caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of ECA. Peroxynitrite reduced RANTES and IL-5 binding to eosinophils and resulted in nitrotyrosine formation. These findings are consistent with nitration of tyrosine by peroxynitrite with subsequent inhibition of RANTES and IL-5 binding to eosinophils and suggest that peroxynitrite may play a role in regulation of eosinophil chemotaxis.
authors.affiliation: Research Services, Tucson and Overton Brooks VA Medical Centers, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Grisham
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koyama
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Robbins
mesh_terms: D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002633:Chemotaxis / Q000187:drug effects*; D003676:Deferoxamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004229:Dithiothreitol / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D006834:Hydrazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007975:Leukotriene B4 / Q000494:pharmacology; D008981:Molsidomine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D009566:Nitrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011621:Pteridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D013481:Superoxides / Q000494:pharmacology; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D019820:Xanthine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D006834:Hydrazines; D015848:Interleukin-5; D009566:Nitrates; C112653:PAPA NONOate; D011621:Pteridines; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013481:Superoxides; D019820:Xanthine; D007975:Leukotriene B4; C008297:lumazine; C039642:peroxynitric acid; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; C002385:linsidomine; D008981:Molsidomine; D003676:Deferoxamine; D009584:Nitrogen; D004229:Dithiothreitol