title: A new bleaching protocol for hyperpigmented skin lesions with a high concentration of all-trans retinoic acid aqueous gel.
abstract: A new bleaching protocol for skin hyperpigmentation with a higher concentration of all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) aqueous gel than those commercially available is introduced. AtRA aqueous gel (0.1%) was applied topically twice a day along with 4% hydroquinone, 7% lactic acid ointment to oriental patients with hyperpigmented lesions such as senile lentigines, melasma, and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. The clinical results of 39 patients treated with 0.1% atRA aqueous gel were compared to those of 22 patients treated with 0.1% atRA hydrophilic ointment. Better clinical results and subjective satisfaction were obtained through a significantly shorter period of treatment with 0.1% atRA aqueous gel than with 0. 1% atRA hydrophilic ointment, although side effects such as erythema and irritation were seen at a higher frequency. It is suggested that our bleaching protocol with a high concentration of atRA aqueous gel in combination with hydroquinone and lactic acid has a strong bleaching ability and a potential as a standard therapy for various kinds of skin lesions with hyperpigmentation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Harii
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aoyama
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shibuya
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iga
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D006873:Hydroquinones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017495:Hyperpigmentation / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D005782:Gels; D006873:Hydroquinones; D019344:Lactic Acid; D014212:Tretinoin; C031927:hydroquinone