title: Addition of femoral 3-in-1 blockade to intra-articular ropivacaine 0.2% does not reduce analgesic requirements following arthroscopic knee surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that the addition of a preincisional femoral 3-in-1 block to intra-articular instillation with ropivacaine 0.2% at the end of surgery improves postoperative pain control in patients undergoing arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) under general anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial, we studied 44 patients scheduled for inpatient ACLR. Prior to incision, the treatment group (n = 22) received a femoral 3-in-1 block with 40 ml ropivacaine 0.2%, augmented by infiltrations of the lateral and anteromedial incisions with 20 ml ropivacaine 0.2% at the end of the procedure. The control group (n = 22) received saline 0.9% instead of ropivacaine. All patients received an intra-articular instillation with 30 ml ropivacaine 0.2% at the end of surgery. The primary efficacy variable was 24 hr morphine consumption postoperatively standardized by weight, administered intravenously via a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference between both groups in 24 hr PCA morphine consumption postoperatively (control, 0.45 +/- 0.44 [mean +/- SD] mg x kg(-1); treatment, 0.37 +/- 0.50 mg x kg(-1); p = 0.55). No difference was found in postoperative visual analog scale pain scores, adverse events, or vital signs. In the treatment group, R = 10/22 patients did not require postoperative morphine compared with R = 6/22 in the control group (P = 0.35).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found no effect of a femoral 3-in-1 block with ropivacaine 0.2% on postoperative analgesic consumption, compared to intra-articular instillation with ropivacaine 0.2% alone, in patients undergoing ACLR under general anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pharmacology Research Organization, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. Schwarz@neuro.pharmacology.ubc.ca
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Franciosi
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Ries
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Regan
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nevin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Escobedo
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: MacLeod
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000577:Amides; D016058:Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000601:surgery; D001182:Arthroscopy; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005267:Femoral Nerve; D006801:Humans; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular; D007717:Knee / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009407:Nerve Block; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000077212:Ropivacaine
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D009020:Morphine; D000077212:Ropivacaine