title: Insulin increases serum leptin concentrations in children and adolescents with newly diagnosed type I diabetes mellitus with and without ketoacidosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were to analyse the changes of serum leptin in newly diagnosed children and adolescents with Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus after insulin treatment and to examine the possible impact of ketoacidosis on these changes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline serum leptin concentrations were measured in 28 newly diagnosed Type I diabetic patients [age 8.75 +/- 4.05 years (means +/- SD); BMI 15.79 +/- 2.47 kg/m(2); HbA(1 c) 11.3 +/- 1.9 %] with (n = 18) and without (n = 10) ketoacidosis before commencement of insulin treatment, at the time of diagnosis. Thereafter, during a 4-day course of continuous intravenous insulin injection to gain and maintain euglycaemia, serum leptin concentrations were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline serum leptin concentrations, adjusted to age, BMI, sex and pubertal stage, differed among these patients. There was, however, an increase of leptin in all subjects from 1.37 +/- 0.56 ng/ml (mean +/- SD) up to 2.97 +/- 1.52 ng/ml by 117 % (p < 0.0001) after insulin therapy. On average, peak serum leptin concentration was obtained after 42 h of insulin treatment. Further, there was no difference in the mean increase of serum leptin concentrations in the two groups, namely with and without ketoadicosis, of insulin-dependent diabetic children and adolescents. In addition, there was no correlation between serum leptin concentrations and correction of ketoacidosis during insulin treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Insulin increases serum leptin, within 1 day, in children and adolescents with newly diagnosed Type I diabetes. Ketoacidosis does not influence this interaction between insulin and leptin.
authors.affiliation: Division of Paediatric Diabetology and Endocrinology, University Children's Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Flück
authors.forename: B V
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Kuhlmann
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Mullis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016883:Diabetic Ketoacidosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007223:Infant; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007700:Kinetics; D020738:Leptin; D008297:Male; D011506:Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; D011506:Proteins