title: Effects of perceived patient demand on prescribing anti-infective drugs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although patient demand is frequently cited by physicians as a reason for inappropriate prescribing, the phenomenon has not been adequately studied. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of perceived patient demand in physician-patient encounters; to identify characteristics of the patient, physician and prescribing situation that are associated with perceived demand; and to determine the influence of perceived demand on physicians' prescribing behaviour.
  
  
  METHODS
  An observational study using 2 survey approaches was conducted in February and March 1996. Over a 2-day period 20 family physicians in the Toronto area completed a brief questionnaire for each patient encounter related to suspected infectious disease. Physicians were later asked in an interview to select and describe 1 or 2 incidents from these encounters during which perceived patient demand influenced their prescribing (critical incident technique).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Perceived patient demand was reported in 124 (48%) of the 260 physician-patient encounters; however, in almost 80% of these encounters physicians did not think that the demand had much influence on their decision to prescribe an anti-infective. When clinical need was uncertain, 28 (82%) of 34 patients seeking an anti-infective were prescribed one, and physicians reported that they were influenced either "moderately" or "quite a bit" by perceived patient demand in over 50% of these cases. Of the 35 critical prescribing incidents identified during the interviews, anti-infectives were prescribed in 17 (49%); the reasons for prescribing in these situations were categorized.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides preliminary data on the prevalence and influence of perceived patient demand in prescribing anti-infectives. Patient demand had more influence on prescribing when physicians were uncertain of the need for an anti-infective.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Ont.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: MacKeigan
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rosser
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marshman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002170:Canada; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010358:Patient Participation; D010821:Physicians, Family / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D012938:Social Perception
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents