title: Evaluation of coronary bypass flow with color-Doppler and magnetic resonance imaging techniques: comparison with intraoperative flow measurements.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  After coronary artery bypass surgery, patency and flow assessment is based on invasive methods such as angiography and intravascular ultrasound or flow wire techniques. The aim of the study was to compare intraoperative transit time flow measurements of coronary bypass grafts with early postoperative color-Doppler and MR-imaging assessment.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 22 patients (62+/-8.5 years) undergoing elective coronary bypass surgery the flow was measured in all internal mammary artery grafts (IMA) and saphenous vein grafts using the transit time flow technique. Postoperatively (days 5-7) all patients had a color-Doppler IMA graft assessment followed by a MR-angiography and flow measurement (navigator echo phase contrast technique with and without contrast bolus application) to determine patency and graft flow.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data are expressed as the mean +/- SD). (1) In all patients the left IMA graft to the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) could be identified and flow could be assessed with both color-Doppler and MRI. Venous grafts could only be visualized by MRI. The use of an intravenous contrast bolus enhanced the visualization of coronary artery bypass grafts. (2) The mean IMA to LAD flow was 33+/-17 ml/min intraoperatively by transit time and postoperatively 36+/-25 ml/min by MR respectively 66+/-54 ml/min by color-Doppler technique. (3) The systolic/diastolic flow ratio was 0.44+/-0.12 intraoperatively and 0.43+/-0.17 postoperatively by MR respectively 0.67+/-1.0 by color-Doppler. (4) A statistically significant correlation could be demonstrated between intraoperative transit time and postoperative MR flow measurements (r = 0.57; P < 0.04), whereas the correlations to color-Doppler flow were poor. Postoperatively MR and color-Doppler showed a good correlation of systolic/diastolic flow ratio (r = 0.88; P < 0.008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The color-Doppler method during echocardiography and MR-imaging are useful non-invasive techniques to visualize postoperative IMA grafts for patency assessment. The quantification of IMA flow is still difficult with either technique, but MR flow measurements showed the best correlation to the intraoperatively measured transit time flow. The MR technique is the most promising non-invasive method for postoperative evaluation of coronary bypass grafts, since it allows visualization and reliable flow quantification.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Radiology and Cardiology, University Hospital Insel, Bern, Switzerland. beat.walpoth@insel.ch
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Walpoth
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Genyk
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Aeschbacher
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kipfer
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Althaus
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Carrel
mesh_terms: D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D003287:Contrast Media; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008297:Male; D008323:Mammary Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology / Q000637:transplantation; D008875:Middle Aged; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology / Q000637:transplantation; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media