title: Double-sided staining with a gold probe and silver enhancement to detect alpha-amylase and sugar moieties in the mouse salivary glands.
abstract: In the present study we report the development of an ultrastructural electron microscopic double-sided staining technique that, using gold probes of 10 nm and enhancement of the gold signal by silver amplification, allows the demonstration of two antigenic sites on the same section. The labeling was carried out in the following manner: one face of uncoated floating grids was incubated with an antibody directed to alpha-amylase, followed by a secondary gold-labeled antibody, amplification of gold particles, drying and carbon coating; subsequently, the reverse face of the same grid, was processed for lectin cytochemistry, with and without sialidase digestion, and it was incubated with HRP-conjugated lectins, anti-HRP antibody and protein-A gold. Also the reverse sequence of steps and amplification of gold signal after the first or second labeling were experimented. The resultant small and large particles revealed different distributional patterns of antigenic sites on the opposite faces of the same tissue section. The transparency of the resin-embedded ultrathin sections in the electron beam allowed the simultaneous visualization of the gold probes of different sizes present on the two faces. The analysis of immunolabeling revealed that the alpha-amylase is chiefly secreted by the parotid and submandibular glands. The application of this double-sided staining technique also indicated that, when present in glycosylated form, the alpha-amylase enzyme does not contain sialic acid in the submandibular and sublingual glands; conversely, its location on the electron-dense areas of target granules in the parotid acinar cells seems to suggest that a sialylated isoenzymatic form can occur within these granule regions where sialic, acid linked to beta-galactose, was found to be located.
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Morphological and Biochemical Sciences, University of Camerino, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Menghi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Marchetti
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bondi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Accili
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Sabbieti
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Materazzi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006046:Gold; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010306:Parotid Gland / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D012834:Silver; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods*; D013361:Sublingual Gland / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D013363:Submandibular Gland / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D012834:Silver; D006046:Gold; D000516:alpha-Amylases