Determinants of p,p-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDE) concentration in adipose tissue in women from five European cities.
To identify the determinants of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (p,p'-DDE) in adipose tissue in subjects who participated in a cross-sectional study, we analyzed fatty acids, antioxidants, and p,p'-DDE in aspirates of adipose tissue of 328 postmenopausal women from 5 European countries. The overall mean of p,p'-DDE concentration was 1.66 microg/g of fatty acids (95% confidence interval = 1.46, 1.88). In a multiple-regression analysis, the main predictors of log10(p,p'DDE) were center of recruitment (p < .0001), adipose arachidic acid (p = .001), and adipose retinol (p = .04). These factors explained 14.9% of the overall variability of log10(p,p'-DDE). In our subjects, adipose tissue p,p'DDE concentrations were only weakly related with biomarkers reflecting intake of fish and other foods. This result is consistent with the notion that p,p'-DDE exists in different foods and, given the widespread contamination of the food chain, is relatively evenly distributed among foods.
Inmaculada Sanz-Gallardo
M
M
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National School of Public Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Guallar
E
E
van Tveer
P
P
Longnecker
M P
MP
Strain
J J
JJ
Martin
B C
BC
Kardinaal
A F
AF
Fernández-Crehuet
J
J
Thamm
M
M
Kohlmeier
L
L
Kok
F J
FJ
Martín-Moreno
J M
JM
D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000737:chemistry*; D000368:Aged; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene / Q000032:analysis*; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D005060:Europe; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination; D006801:Humans; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis*; D016014:Linear Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D017698:Postmenopause; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014504:Urban Health
D000975:Antioxidants; D005227:Fatty Acids; D007306:Insecticides; D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene