title: Role of glutamate receptors and glutamate transporters in the regulation of the glutamate-glutamine cycle in the awake rat.
abstract: In the present study we investigate the effects of a specific glutamate reuptake blocker, L-trans-pyrrolidine-3,4-dicarboxylic acid (PDC), on extracellular concentrations of glutamine and glutamate in the striatum of the freely moving rat. Intracerebral infusions of PDC (1, 2 and 4 mM) produced a dose-related increase in extracellular concentrations of glutamate and a dose-related decrease in extracellular concentrations of glutamine. These increases in extracellular glutamate and decreases in extracellular glutamine were significantly correlated. To investigate the involvement of ionotropic glutamate receptors in the decreases of extracellular glutamine produced by PDC, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate (AMPA)/kainate receptor antagonist were used. Perfusion of the NMDA receptor antagonist blocked the decrease of extracellular glutamine but had no effect on the increase of extracellular glutamate, both produced by PDC. Perfusion of the AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist attenuated the increase of extracellular glutamate and not only blocked the decrease of extracellular glutamine but also produced a significant increase of extracellular glutamine. The results reported in this study suggest that both NMDA and AMPA/kainate glutamatergic receptors are involved in the regulation of extracellular glutamine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Segovia
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Del Arco
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mora
mesh_terms: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000502:physiology*; D027322:Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; D000818:Animals; D003998:Dicarboxylic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000502:physiology*; D005973:Glutamine / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D027322:Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; D003998:Dicarboxylic Acids; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D010879:Piperazines; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D011810:Quinoxalines; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate; C108501:pyrrolidine-3,4-dicarboxylic acid; D005973:Glutamine; D018698:Glutamic Acid; C056723:FG 9041; C050592:3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid