title: Circadian rhythm of white blood cells during clozapine treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The atypical antipsychotic clozapine is effective in the treatment of patients with refractory schizophrenia. It carries a well-known risk of neutropenia and agranulocytosis, which necessitates the immediate discontinuation of clozapine.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We report a patient who developed neutropenia on clozapine, but behind the cell count decrease showed to be a diurnal variation of the white blood cells (WBC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Due to the lack of efficacy of subsequent treatment of conventional and other atypical neuroleptics, treatment with clozapine was restarted after discontinuation. When the morning count of WBC began to fall, WBC count was repeated in the afternoons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Careful blood cell monitoring showed a pronounced diurnal variation of WBC (2.9-4.2x10(9)/l in the morning and 3.6-7.1x10(9)/l in the afternoon) and granulocytes (0.8-1.4x10(9)/l and 2.9-5.5x10(9)/l, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Some patients may thus have a spuriously low cell count and may be unnecessarily denied effective treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki City Hospital, Finland. antti.ahokas@soster.hel.fi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahokas
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Elonen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002452:Cell Count / Q000187:drug effects; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000187:drug effects; D003024:Clozapine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000276:immunology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D003024:Clozapine