title: Early elevation of cochlear reactive oxygen species following noise exposure.
abstract: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in a growing number of neurological disease states, from acute traumatic injury to neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. Considerable evidence suggests that ROS also mediate ototoxicant- and noise-induced cochlear injury, although most of this evidence is indirect. To obtain real-time assessment of noise-induced cochlear ROS production in vivo, we adapted a technique which uses the oxidation of salicylate to 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid as a probe for the generation of hydroxyl radical. In a companion paper we described the development and characterization of this method in cochlear ischemia-reperfusion. In the present paper we use this method to demonstrate early elevations in ROS production following acute noise exposure. C57BL/6J mice were exposed for 1 h to intense broad-band noise sufficient to cause permanent threshold shift (PTS), as verified by auditory brainstem responses. Comparison of noise-exposed animals with unexposed controls indicated that ROS levels increase nearly 4-fold in the period 1-2 h following exposure and do not decline over that time. Our ROS measures extend previous results indicating that noise-induced PTS is associated with elevated cochlear ROS production and ROS-mediated injury. Persistent cochlear ROS elevation following noise exposure suggests a sustained process of oxidative stress which might be amenable to intervention with chronic antioxidant therapy.
authors.affiliation: Research Department, Central Institute for the Deaf, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. kohlemiller@cid.wustl.edu
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Ohlemiller
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Dugan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D003051:Cochlea / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016057:Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005841:Gentisates / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D006198:Hair Cells, Auditory / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009622:Noise / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D012459:Salicylates / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005841:Gentisates; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012459:Salicylates