title: Trends in hospitalization and mortality from rotavirus disease in New Zealand infants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rotavirus illness is associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. We have examined trends in diarrheal disease in New Zealand children to determine the disease burden attributable to rotavirus and to estimate the proportion of hospitalizations preventable by vaccination.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospital admissions data and laboratory records for 1994 to 1996, were obtained for children 0 to 4 years at four sites (serving -60% of the New Zealand population). Rotavirus disease burden was estimated using combined admissions and laboratory data. Severity of disease was estimated in a sample of 150 hospitalizations for rotavirus diarrhea, and the proportion of vaccine-preventable admissions was extrapolated. Mortality attributed to diarrheal causes was determined from national records for 1974 to 1993.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 1994 and 1996, 4436 children <5 years of age were hospitalized with diarrhea (1047/100000 children per year). Admissions associated with rotavirus were estimated at 1522 to 1535 (315 to 362/100000 annually). Infants between 6 and 17 months were most commonly affected (42% of all cases). More male children than female children were hospitalized (P < 0.001) and mean length of stay was calculated as 1.51 days (SD 2.35). Disease severity scoring revealed that 61.3 and 38.0% of admissions reviewed were severe and very severe, respectively. Deaths from diarrheal causes numbered 138 among children 0 to 4 years old for the 20-year period 1974 to 1993, with 18 deaths occurring between 1984 and 1993 (10 years).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Current vaccines control severe disease, suggesting that 72% of cases reviewed would be eligible for prevention. A full cost effectiveness analysis is required to demonstrate anticipated benefits of vaccination.
authors.affiliation: Community Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Ardern-Holmes
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lennon
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pinnock
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nicholson
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Teele
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schousboe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gillies
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hollis
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Clarkin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lindeman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stewart
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014611:Vaccination