title: Comparison of isokinetic peak force and work parameters in youth with and without mental retardation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare isokinetic knee (flexion and extension) strength of nondisabled youth (ND; 15 males, 15 females; males = 12.7 +/- 2 yr; females = 13.4 +/- 2 yr) and youths with mental retardations (MR, 17 males + 13 females; male = 14.7 +/- 2 yr; females = 13.6 +/- 2 yr).
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were evaluated on a Kin-Con isokinetic dynamometer at a speed of 60 degrees x s(-1). Parameters measured were peak torque (PT), time to PT, angle of PT, total work (W), and PT hamstrings/quadriceps (HQ) ratio. Peak torque was also corrected by weight (BW) and body mass index (BMI). Peak torque, time to peak torque, angle of peak torque, and total work were analyzed using a 2 x 2 x 2 (groups x gender x muscle) repeated measures analysis of variance (MANOVA). Flexion/extension ratios, BMI, and BW were analyzed by separate 2 x 2 (group x gender) analyses of variance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results of this study suggest that: 1) while gender differences are apparent in the ND population they are not evident in individuals with MR; 2) knee extension strength is higher for ND youth, thus causing lower PT HQ ratios when compared with those in youth with MR; 3) angle of PT and time to PT were similar among groups; and 4) total work performed is lower in individuals with MR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was concluded that parameters of strength production in individuals with MR are not consistent and do not follow the same pattern as their nonretarded peers.
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Human Performance, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, USA. mhorvat@coe.uga.edu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horvat
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Croce
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Pitetti
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fernhall
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011999:Recruitment, Neurophysiological