title: Patient-controlled analgesia: epidural fentanyl and i.v. morphine compared after caesarean section.
abstract: We have compared patient-controlled epidural fentanyl (PCEF) and patient-controlled i.v. morphine (PCIM) after Caesarean section in 84 patients, in a randomized, double-blind study. All patients had an epidural and an i.v. patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) device, one of which delivered normal saline. Group PCEF received epidural fentanyl 20 micrograms with a 10-min lockout. Group PCIM received i.v. morphine 1 mg with a 5-min lockout. PCA use was lower for PCEF patients (P = 0.0007). The highest pain score recorded at rest for PCEF patients was median 20 (interquartile range 10-33) mm compared with 32 (14-52) mm for PCIM patients (P = 0.02). The highest pain score recorded on coughing was 31 (21-41) mm with PCEF compared with 56 (30-71) mm for PCIM (P = 0.001). There was less nausea (P = 0.02) and drowsiness (P = 0.0003) with PCEF. There was no difference in the overall incidence and severity of pruritus (P = 0.77). However, pruritus started earlier with PCEF.
authors.affiliation: South Cleveland Hospital, UK.
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Saleh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Whyte
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ryall
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kokri
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Desira
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Day
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: McArthur
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural; D016362:Analgesia, Obstetrical / Q000379:methods*; D016058:Analgesia, Patient-Controlled / Q000379:methods*; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002585:Cesarean Section; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D009020:Morphine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced; D011247:Pregnancy; D011537:Pruritus / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D009020:Morphine; D005283:Fentanyl