Positive and negative regulation of the myeloid dendritic cell lineage.
Recent advances have revealed that dendritic cells (DCs) are not a single cell type, but a system of cells that are phenotypically and functionally diverse. DC subtypes stemming from the myeloid and lymphoid lineages promote a diversity of immune responses ranging from the stimulation of naive T and B cell responses to the down-regulation of T cell responses. Although differences in antigen handling are linked to DC developmental stages in the myeloid DC lineage, the particular type of immune response elicited may be determined by a specific DC subtype. This review summarizes key regulatory mechanisms controlling the development of myeloid lineage DCs from multipotent progenitors. Emphasis is placed on describing a highly orchestrated series of proliferative, apoptotic, and developmental events involving granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, transforming growth factor beta, and the tumor necrosis factor alpha, CD95, and bcl-2 protein families.
Santiago-Schwarz
F
F
Division of Rheumatology, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, New York 11501, USA. fschwarz@winthrop.org
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D019070:Cell Lineage; D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D006410:Hematopoiesis / Q000502:physiology; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells; D006801:Humans; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000502:physiology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000502:physiology
D016207:Cytokines; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha