title: Measurement of x-ray attenuation coefficients of aqueous solutions of indocyanine green and glycated chitosan.
abstract: We report our experimental results of measurements of x-ray attenuation coefficients of aqueous solutions of a light absorbing dye, indocyanine green, and an immunoadjuvant, glycated chitosan. In the treatment of metastatic tumors in rats using a novel laser immunotherapy these solutions were administered in situ. The x-ray attenuation data of the solutions are essential to development of an x-ray digital imaging system for monitoring the administration of the solution, as well as for the distribution and the diffusion of the solution in tumors and in surrounding tissue. The composition of the solutions, the measurement system configuration, and the technique used to determine the attenuation coefficients are described. The experimental results show that glycated chitosan has a higher attenuation coefficient compared to indocyanine green and water. Our experimental data proved that, even at low concentrations, the x-ray attenuation through these aqueous solutions could be differentiated. Therefore, a digital x-ray imaging technique can be used effectively in monitoring and controlling the intratumor diffusion and distributions of these solutions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22908, USA.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Nordquist
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000818:Animals; D002686:Chitin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D048271:Chitosan; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000628:therapy; D011859:Radiography / Q000379:methods*; D051381:Rats; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D012996:Solutions; D014867:Water; D014965:X-Rays
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D012996:Solutions; C121252:glycated chitosan; D014867:Water; D002686:Chitin; D048271:Chitosan; D007208:Indocyanine Green