title: Aesthetic reconstruction for large upper lip defects in men.
abstract: Although many techniques use hair-bearing flaps to repair large upper lip defects in men, few preserve orbicularis sphincter function. Available techniques can also result in an unnatural appearance, because the entire upper lip is covered by a dense region of hair. We have developed a new technique and successfully repaired a large defect in the upper lip of three men. This technique uses flaps pedicled by angular vessels and includes the orbicularis oris muscle. A good outcome can be obtained both functionally and cosmetically when used in men with defects involving more than one-half of the upper lip.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yotsuyanagi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Urushidate
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yokoi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sawada
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D008046:Lip / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D013518:Surgery, Plastic / Q000379:methods; D013524:Surgical Flaps