title: Urinary oxalate and urate to creatinine ratios in a healthy pediatric population.
abstract: The purpose of the study was to determine reference percentiles for the urinary (U) oxalate (Ox) and urate (Ura) to creatinine (Cr) concentration ratios in the second morning urine of healthy infants, children, and adolescents. The urinary oxalate and urate to creatinine ratios were determined in the spontaneously voided second morning urine sample. To test reproducibility, two urine samples were analyzed on 2 consecutive weeks in 63% of the subjects. Three hundred eighty-four healthy children (181 girls, 203 boys), aged 1 month to 17 years, from nurseries, kindergartens, and schools of Lausanne, Switzerland, were studied. The 5th and 95th percentiles were determined from the total number of urine samples (627) after confirmation that there was no order effect between repeated measurements and there were no significant sex differences. A nonlinear regression analysis in terms of age was used to smooth the calculated percentiles. In this manner, curves were obtained from which the reference values can be read at any given age. The 95th percentiles decreased with age: for UOx/Cr from 0.175 mg/mg (0.22 mol/mol) at 1 to 6 months to 0.048 mg/mg (0.06 mol/mol) from 7 years and beyond; and UUra/Cr from 2.378 mg/mg (1.6 mol/mol) at 1 to 6 months to 0.594 mg/mg (0.4 mol/mol) in adolescence. We provide 5th and 95th percentile curves for the UOx/Cr and UUra/Cr ratios determined from the second morning urine samples in a large cohort of healthy infants, children, and adolescents. Values were determined by standard analytical chemical techniques and were analyzed by powerful statistical methods. The calculated 95th percentile for the UOx/Cr values fell rather rapidly and reached normal adult values by the age of 7 years, whereas for UUra/Cr, the 95th percentile decreased slowly and stabilized in adolescence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Matos
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Van Melle
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bardy
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Guignard
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010070:Oxalates / Q000652:urine*; D012016:Reference Values; D012044:Regression Analysis; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D010070:Oxalates; D014527:Uric Acid; D003404:Creatinine