title: The impact of basic fibroblast growth factor on photoreceptor function and morphology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the impact of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on photoreceptor function and morphology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Impact was assessed in two models. In one, the endogenous expression of bFGF in photoreceptors was raised by sectioning one optic nerve of rats 3 to 4 weeks before study. In the other, bFGF was injected into the vitreous chamber in rats and cats. Retinal function was assessed from the electroretinogram (ERG), and retinal morphology was studied using DNA dyes, immunolabeling, and in situ hybridization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both models of bFGF upregulation, the ERG b-wave was suppressed over a wide stimulus range and in light- and dark-adapted conditions. The a-wave was not suppressed by either procedure and at the brightest intensities was enhanced by both procedures. In nerve-sectioned eyes, outer retina appeared normal histologically, but levels of bFGF protein in the inner and outer nuclear layers were raised, whereas bFGF mRNA levels remained unchanged. In both models, levels of synaptophysin in the outer plexiform layer and of cytochrome oxidase in inner segments were raised in association with increases in bFGF protein levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  bFGF increased the ability of photoreceptors to respond to light but attenuated the transmission of this response to inner retinal cells, presumably by blocking the photoreceptor-bipolar synapse. If the expression of bFGF protein is upregulated in human photoreceptor dystrophies, it may contribute a reversible component to the loss of vision. The relationship between these actions of bFGF and its ability to protect photoreceptors from stress remains to be established.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Neurofisiologia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Dipartimento di Psichiatria, Neurobiologia, Farmacologia e Biotecnologie, Universitá di Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gargini
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Belfiore
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bisti
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cervetto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Valter
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stone
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats; D003623:Dark Adaptation; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000378:metabolism; D004596:Electroretinography; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D009900:Optic Nerve / Q000601:surgery; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D020419:Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017299:Rod Opsins / Q000378:metabolism; D016708:Synaptophysin / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017299:Rod Opsins; D016708:Synaptophysin; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV