title: Interindividual heterogeneity in the hypoxic regulation of VEGF: significance for the development of the coronary artery collateral circulation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The coronary artery collateral circulation may be beneficial in protecting against myocardial ischemia and necrosis. However, there is a tremendous interindividual variability in the degree of new collateral formation in patients with coronary artery disease. The basis for this interindividual heterogeneity is not understood. In this study we test the hypothesis that failure to generate collateral vessels is associated with a failure to appropriately induce with hypoxia or ischemia the angiogenic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We correlated the VEGF response to hypoxia in the monocytes harvested from patients with coronary artery disease with the presence of collaterals visualized during routine angiography. We found that there was a highly significant difference in the hypoxic induction of VEGF in patients with no collaterals compared with patients with some collaterals (mean fold induction 1.9+/-0.2 versus 3.2+/-0.3, P<0.0001). After subjecting the data to ANCOVA, using as covariates a number of factors that might influence the amount of collateral formation (ie, age, sex, diabetes, smoking, hypercholesterolemia), patients with no collaterals still have a significantly lower hypoxic induction of VEGF than patients with collaterals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides evidence in support of the hypothesis that the ability to respond to progressive coronary artery stenosis is strongly associated with the ability to induce VEGF in response to hypoxia. The observed interindividual heterogeneity in this response may be due to environmental, epigenetic, or genetic causes. This interindividual heterogeneity may also help to explain the variable angiogenic responses seen in other conditions such as diabetic retinopathy and solid tumors.
authors.affiliation: Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Departments of Cardiology, Medicine, and Nephrology, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schultz
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lavie
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hochberg
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Beyar
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Skorecki
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lavie
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roguin
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Levy
mesh_terms: D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D003097:Collateral Circulation; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D008222:Lymphokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors