Predicting functional status in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether coping strategies and illness perceptions would be predictive of outcome in a longitudinal study of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).


METHODS
A group of 71 patients with RA was examined on 2 occasions, one year apart. Multiple regressions were used to examine which of the illness perceptions and coping strategies explained variance on the outcome variables: visits to the outpatient clinic, number of hospital admissions, Health Assessment Questionnaire, pain, tiredness, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.


RESULTS
Belief in adverse consequences of the disease was associated with more visits to the outpatient clinic. more tiredness, and higher anxiety scores. Less perceived control and less expression of emotion were associated with more hospital admissions. High scores on coping involving fostering reassuring thoughts were associated with more functional disability. More passive coping was associated with more functional disability and higher anxiety scores. More perceived symptoms were associated with more pain, more tiredness, and more depression. More avoidant coping was associated with more tiredness. Belief that the illness will last a long time was associated with higher anxiety scores.


CONCLUSIONS
Our longitudinal data show that, after statistically controlling for the potential effects of intervening medical variables, coping strategies and illness perceptions contribute to health outcome in patients with RA. Implications for patient management are discussed.
Scharloo
M
M
Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. akaptein@pobox.leidenuniv.nl
Kaptein
A A
AA
Weinman
J A
JA
Hazes
J M
JM
Breedveld
F C
FC
Rooijmans
H G
HG
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005221:Fatigue / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D010465:Perception; D011788:Quality of Life; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012803:Sick Role; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires