title: Rapid selection of complement-inhibiting protein variants in group A Streptococcus epidemic waves.
abstract: Serotype M1 group A Streptococcus strains cause epidemic waves of human infections long thought to be mono- or pauciclonal. The gene encoding an extracellular group A Streptococcus protein (streptococcal inhibitor of complement) that inhibits human complement was sequenced in 1,132 M1 strains recovered from population-based surveillance of infections in Canada, Finland and the United States. Epidemic waves are composed of strains expressing a remarkably heterogeneous array of variants of streptococcal inhibitor of complement that arise very rapidly by natural selection on mucosal surfaces. Thus, our results enhance the understanding of pathogen population dynamics in epidemic waves and infectious disease reemergence.
authors.affiliation: Institute for the Study of Human Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Hoe
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lukomski
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grigsby
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kordari
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Dou
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vuopio-Varkila
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Salmelinna
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McGeer
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Low
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schuchat
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naidich
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: De Lorenzo
authors.forename: Y X
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Musser
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000940:Antigenic Variation / Q000235:genetics; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002170:Canada; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002876:Chromosomes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D015941:Complement Hemolytic Activity Assay; D003169:Complement Inactivator Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005387:Finland; D051379:Mice; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000382:microbiology; D010612:Pharyngitis / Q000382:microbiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013297:Streptococcus pyogenes / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D003169:Complement Inactivator Proteins; C097739:SIC protein, Streptococcus; C014689:streptococcal M protein