title: Seminoma associated with bilateral cryptorchidism in Down's syndrome: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A case of testicular typical seminoma associated with bilateral undescended testes in Down's syndrome is reported. A 42-year-old institutionalized male patient developed left testicular seminoma with retroperitoneal metastasis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neither adjuvant chemotherapy nor radiotherapy were performed due to his severe mental retardation. He died as a result of the cancer 2 years after a left radical orchiectomy and an autopsy was carried out.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recently an increase in the incidence of the association of testicular tumors and Down's syndrome has been repeatedly documented. Thirty-six cases of testicular tumors associated with Down's syndrome have been reported and of these 17.1% had cryptorchidism. This is a much lower percentage considering the high risk of cryptorchidism in males with Down's syndrome. The relationship between testicular germ cell tumors associated with cryptorchidism and Down's syndrome is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Asama General Hospital, Saku, Nagano, Japan. bell@avis.ne.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miki
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohtake
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hasumi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moriyama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D003456:Cryptorchidism / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009919:Orchiectomy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018239:Seminoma / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D013739:Testosterone; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone