title: Reduction of IFN-gamma and IL-2 production by peripheral lymphocytes of HIV-exposed seronegative subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In order to evaluate the role played by cytokine profile as a co-factor involved in the resistance to HIV infection in couples serodiscordant for HIV, we studied HIV-seronegative subjects with multiple unprotected sexual exposures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one HIV-exposed seronegative subjects (HEPS), their 21 HIV-seropositive partners and 10 HIV-seronegative unexposed individuals were studied for T helper (Th) types 1-2 cell pattern and CCR5 receptor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve out of 21 HIV-seropositive partners of HEPS showed a CD4 cell count below 200 lymphocytes/microl. HIV strains were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in 17 patients (81%): seven subjects with syncytium-inducing strains and 10 with non-syncytium-inducing isolates. Low Th1 cytokine production and high levels of IL-4 were detected in HIV-seropositive subjects. A significant reduction of IL-2 and IFN-gamma expression in the CD4 and CD8 cells of HEPS was found compared with HIV-seronegative unexposed individuals. Similar levels of low IL-4 were present in both HEPS and controls. The partial deletion of a single allele (wild type/delta32) of CCR5 was found in only one HEPS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The downregulated Th1 profile we observed in HEPS could be related to a cellular anergy state with a protective role in the transmission rate of HIV. Low levels of IL-2 and IFN-gamma could be involved in a low-grade activation state of CD4 lymphocytes. A decrease of IFN-gamma levels could render macrophage cells incapable of antigen presentation, thus resulting in a reduction of the cell-to-cell spread of infection.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nicastri
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sarmati
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ercoli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mancino
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: D'Ambrosio
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: d'Ettorre
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Mastroianni
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vullo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andreoni
mesh_terms: D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D018023:HIV Seronegativity / Q000276:immunology*; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008297:Male; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007376:Interleukin-2; D012367:RNA, Viral; D019713:Receptors, CCR5; D007371:Interferon-gamma