title: Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in HIV infected patients from South Africa.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the spectrum of pulmonary disease in human immunodeficiency virus positive patients of African and European origin, with particular reference to Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive study with retrospective record review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary care, university teaching hospitals in Johannesburg, South Africa.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty seven HIV-infected patients and 36 HIV-negative renal transplant patients (who served as controls) whose sputa were negative for tuberculosis and Pneumocystis carinii, and who had fibreoptic bronchoscopic evaluation for pulmonary disease between January 1985 and August 1992.
  
  
  METHODS
  Histological and cytological evaluation of pulmonary diseases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the HIV infected group Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was the most frequent disease in patients of both African and European origin but occurred less commonly in Africans than in Europeans (27.3% and 58.8%, respectively; p = 0.01). There was no statistically significant difference between patients of African and European origin in the frequency of any other diagnosis. In the renal transplant group the most frequent diagnosis was non-specific interstitial pneumonitis (Africans 33.3%, Europeans 37.0%), followed by Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (Africans 22.2%, European 14.8%). There was no difference between HIV-infected and renal transplant patients in the frequency of any diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia should be considered in the diagnosis of HIV-infected African patients with pulmonary disease whose sputum smears for tuberculosis are negative.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Mahomed
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Klempman
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: N T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kallenbach
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011020:Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / Q000453:epidemiology; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology