title: [Revalidation and standardization of the cognition mini-exam (first Spanish version of the Mini-Mental Status Examination) in the general geriatric population].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The revalidation of the Mini Examen Cognoscitivo (MEC), first Spanish version (1978) of the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) and documentation of "population-based norms" should clarify the potential confusion induced by later versions of MMSE.
  
  
  METHODS
  
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The Zaragoza Study on the prevalence of dementia and depression in a representative sample of the elderly community (N = 1,080).
  
  
  METHODS
  MEC-35 and MEC-30 points, and validated, Spanish versions of Geriatric Mental State (GMS), History and Aetiology Schedule (HAS) and Social Status Schedule (SSS).
  
  
  METHODS
  a) validation of MEC (standardized lay interviewers) against the gold standard of psychiatric diagnosis (DSM-III-R), two months later; b) "population-based norms" in the "healthy" population, and c) comparison with other MMSE versions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The instrument fulfills criteria of "feasibility", "content", "procedural" and "construct validity". Test-retest reliability: weighted kappa = 0.637. MEC-30 (cut-off point 23/24), sensitivity = 89.8%, specificity = 75.1% (80.8% with the cut-off at 22/23), and ROC curve, AUC = 0.920. The coefficients of individual items were satisfactory and the specificity increases in MEC-35 (83.9%). Other MMSE Spanish versions have not improved these coefficients. "Population-based norms" confirm the hypothesized influence of age and education level. MEC-30 is the version with most comparable results with the MMSE in USA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The validity of MEC is confirmed in the elderly population, with the same cut-off points recommended in the original standardization. MEC-30 is the best version for international comparisons.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Psicosomática, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Zaragoza. alobo@posta.unizar.es
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lobo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Saz
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marcos
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Día
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: de la Cámara
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ventura
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Morales Asín
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fernando Pascual
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Montañés
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aznar
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006801:Humans; D011581:Psychological Tests / Q000592:standards*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
vernacular_title: Revalidación y normalización del Mini-Examen Cognoscitivo (primera versión en castellano del Mini-Mental Status Examination) en la población general geriátrica.