title: Respiratory health and fluoride exposure in different parts of the modern primary aluminum industry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate possible acute and long-term respiratory health effects of work at different working places in the primary aluminum industry.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was carried out on 78 potroom workers, 24 foundry workers, and 45 carbon-plant workers (n = 147, exposed group), and 56 control workers (watchmen, craftsmen, office workers, laboratory employees) of a modern German prebake aluminum plant. The survey consisted of pre- and postshift spirometric and urinary fluoride measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Potroom workers had significantly lower preshift results with regard to forced vital capacity (FVC, 99. 5% versus the 107.2% predicted; P < 0.05) and peak expiratory flow (PEF, 85.2% versus the 98.4% predicted; P < 0.01) as compared with controls. In a multiple regression model a small but significant negative correlation was found between postshift urinary fluoride concentrations and FVC, FEV(1), and PEF. Across-shift spirometric changes were observed only in FVC among carbon-plant workers (103.0 +/- 13.3% predicted preshift value versus 101.2 +/- 13.6% predicted postshift value; P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that lung function impairment in the modern primary aluminum industry may be only partly due to fluoride exposure and that working in aluminum carbon plants may cause acute lung function changes.
authors.affiliation: Ordinariat für Arbeitsmedizin der Universität und Zentralinstitut für Arbeitsmedizin, Adolph-Schönfelder Strasse 5, D-22083 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Radon
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nowak
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Heinrich-Ramm
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Szadkowski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000535:Aluminum / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005459:Fluorides / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007221:Industry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D016272:Occupational Health; D009790:Occupations; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D000535:Aluminum; D005459:Fluorides