title: Protein engineering of alpha-amylase for low pH performance.
abstract: Industrial-scale starch liquefaction is currently constrained to operating at pH 6.0 and above, as the enzyme used in the process, Bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase, is unstable at lower pH under the conditions used. There is a need to develop an enzyme that can operate at lower pH. Recent progress has been made in engineering the B. licheniformis enzyme for improved industrial performance. The availability of crystal structures and subsequent analysis of improved variants, in a structural context, is revealing common factors and a rationale to make further improvements.
authors.affiliation: Genencor International Inc., 925 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bott
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Day
mesh_terms: D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D001407:Bacillus / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D001709:Biotechnology; D003460:Crystallization; D004795:Enzyme Stability / Q000235:genetics; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D016296:Mutagenesis; D015202:Protein Engineering; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000516:alpha-Amylases