title: Bcl-xL is a negative regulator of caspase-3 activation in immature neurons during development.
abstract: Caspases and Bcl-xL, the mammalian homologues of the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) ced-3 and ced-9 genes, respectively, regulate apoptosis of various cells. Caspase-3 is processed into an active form (p20 or p17 and p12) during apoptosis. We investigated the relation between caspase-3 and Bcl-xL during development by examining activation of caspase-3 and apoptotic cells in Bcl-x-deficient (bcl-x(-/-)) mice at embryonic (E) day 11.5. We used a double-staining technique with a cleavage site-directed antibody against caspase-3 (anti-p20/17) and terminal-deoxytransferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL). Bcl-xL-deficiency increased both numbers of p20/17-positive and -negative apoptotic cells in dorsal root ganglia (DRG); the numbers of p20/17-positive apoptotic cells in the caudal parts of the ventral hindbrain and ventral spinal cord; and the numbers of p20/17-negative apoptotic cells in the dorsal midbrain, dorsal hindbrain, and dorsal spinal cord. Thus, Bcl-xL blocks the caspase-3-dependent apoptotic pathway in the restricted regions of the nervous system during development. Furthermore, these observations suggest that Bcl-xL protects against activation of the caspase-3-independent apoptotic pathway. Other caspases or apoptotic mechanisms may also be activated in the nervous systems of bcl-x(-/-) mice.
authors.affiliation: Division of Development and Differentiation, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Urase
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Momoi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Isahara
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uchiyama
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tokunaga
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Motoyama
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism*; D016922:Cellular Senescence / Q000502:physiology; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development / Q000502:physiology; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005260:Female; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000502:physiology*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000502:physiology*; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics*; D012249:Rhombencephalon / Q000378:metabolism; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000378:metabolism; D051020:bcl-X Protein
chemical_list: C494812:Bcl2l1 protein, mouse; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051020:bcl-X Protein; C505409:Casp3 protein, mouse; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases