title: Auto-antibodies in hepatitis C.
abstract: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been implicated in the development of a variety of autoimmune phenomena, some of which are well documented and include a panel of auto-antibodies shared with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). Anti-nuclear (ANA) and smooth muscle (SMA) antibodies (markers of AIH type 1 [AIH-1]), have been demonstrated in 9-38% and 5-91% of cases respectively, whereas anti-liver/kidney microsomal type 1 (anti-LKM-1) and anti-liver cytosol type 1 antibodies (anti-LC1) (markers of AIH type 2 [AIH-2]), are definitely rarer, especially in adults. The presence of these auto-reactivities in chronic hepatitis C generates clinical overlaps and dilemmas in the correct classification and treatment of such patients. The immunopathological characterization of the auto-antibodies, anti-nuclear and smooth muscle antibodies in particular, combined with internationally defined criteria for the diagnosis of AIH is helpful in this clinical process. Thyroid auto-antibodies and cryoprecitable rheumatoid factors are also commonly detected in hepatitis C, while the occurrence of other auto-antibodies still awaits confirmation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Cardioangiology and Hepatology, University of Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zauli
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cassani
authors.forename: F B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Bianchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies