title: Menstruation requirements as a barrier to contraceptive access in Kenya.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In many countries, non-menstruating women are routinely denied contraceptive services even when pregnancy can easily be ruled out.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether menstruation requirements in Kenya constitute a barrier to access for potential family planning clients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective and retrospective observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine family planning clinics in western Kenya.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women presenting as new clients at Ministry of Health family planning clinics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Researchers used prospective tracking and retrospective record reviews to compare the menstrual status of women presenting for family planning services with that of women who received methods in family planning clinics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dichotomous outcomes (menstruating versus non-menstruating women).
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the eight-week period that tally sheets were used in the one hospital and eight health centres, 45% of the 760 women presenting for services as new clients were not menstruating (clinic range = 19%-70%). In contrast, information from clinic registers and client records in the same nine clinics showed that the (weighted) proportion of registered new clients who were menstruating was 85% (n = 102). We estimated that 78% of non-menstruating women (35% of all potential new clients) were sent away without services.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For most women turned away, it is likely that pregnancy could be ruled out easily with a history and an examination. Menstruation as a pre-condition for provision of contraception wastes valuable resources and denies women their right to contraception.
authors.affiliation: Family Health International, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stanback
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nutley
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gitonga
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qureshi
mesh_terms: D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000568:Amenorrhea; D003270:Contraceptive Agents; D016656:Family Planning Policy; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D007630:Kenya; D008598:Menstruation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016079:Refusal to Treat; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D003270:Contraceptive Agents