title: Reliability, validity, and application of the medical outcomes study 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36) in schizophrenic patients treated with olanzapine versus haloperidol.
abstract: Schizophrenia leads to impairments in mental, social, and physical functioning, which should be included in evaluations of treatment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to determine the reliability and validity of the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) for schizophrenic patients, to characterize perceived functioning and well being and to compare short-term change in SF-36 scores for patients treated with olanzapine or haloperidol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained from a randomized, double-blind trial comparing these agents for safety, efficacy, and cost effectiveness. A 6-week acute treatment portion preceded a 46-week "responder extension" phase.
  
  
  METHODS
  A subsample (n = 1,155) completing a pre-treatment SF-36 provided data for this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Psychometric analyses were conducted, and perceived level of functioning was compared with that for the US adult population. Change from baseline to 6 weeks was examined by treatment group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clear evidence was obtained for the instrument's reliability and validity for these patients. There were marked deficits in General health, Vitality, Mental health, Social functioning, and in Role limitations resulting from both physical and emotional problems. Olanzapine-treated patients improved in 5 of 8 domains to a significantly greater degree than did haloperidol patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SF-36 can be a reliable and valid measure of perceived functioning and well being for schizophrenic patients. The perceptions of functioning can be valuable indices of disease burden and can help to demonstrate the effectiveness of newer antipsychotic medications such as olanzapine.
authors.affiliation: Health Outcomes Evaluation Group, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA. Tunis_Sandra@Lilly.com
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Tunis
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Croghan
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Heilman
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Johnstone
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Obenchain
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077152:Olanzapine; D010890:Pirenzepine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D010890:Pirenzepine; D006220:Haloperidol; D000077152:Olanzapine