An update on the role of free radicals and antioxidant defense in human disease.
Mounting clinical and experimental evidence indicates that free radicals play important roles in many physiological and pathological conditions. The wider application of free radical measurement has increased awareness of functional implications of radical-induced impairment of the oxidative/antioxidative balance. In the following review, the role of oxygen free radicals in some human and experimental pathological conditions is described, with particular emphasis on the mechanisms by which they produce oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, and nucleic bases. The role of free radicals and the activation of the antioxidant systems in arteriosclerosis and ageing, diabetes, ischemia/reperfusion injury, ethanol intoxication, and liver steatosis is discussed. Therapeutic approaches to the use of antioxidants have been described and prospects for clinical use have been considered.
Vendemiale
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Department of Internal and Occupational Medicine, University of Bari - Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare, II, I-70124 Bari, Italy.
Grattagliano
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I
Altomare
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E
D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000378:metabolism; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000378:metabolism; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000378:metabolism; D004194:Disease / Q000209:etiology*; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000009:adverse effects; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000627:therapeutic use
D000975:Antioxidants; D005609:Free Radicals; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014810:Vitamin E; D005978:Glutathione