title: A role for the TFIIH XPB DNA helicase in promoter escape by RNA polymerase II.
abstract: TFIIH is an RNA polymerase II transcription factor that performs ATP-dependent functions in both transcription initiation, where it catalyzes formation of the open complex, and in promoter escape, where it suppresses arrest of the early elongation complex at promoter-proximal sites. TFIIH possesses three known ATP-dependent activities: a 3' --> 5' DNA helicase catalyzed by its XPB subunit, a 5' --> 3' DNA helicase catalyzed by its XPD subunit, and a carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity catalyzed by its CDK7 subunit. In this report, we exploit TFIIH mutants to investigate the contributions of TFIIH DNA helicase and CTD kinase activities to efficient promoter escape by RNA polymerase II in a minimal transcription system reconstituted with purified polymerase and general initiation factors. Our findings argue that the TFIIH XPB DNA helicase is primarily responsible for preventing premature arrest of early elongation intermediates during exit of polymerase from the promoter.
authors.affiliation: Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Moreland
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tirode
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Conaway
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Egly
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Conaway
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases; D004265:DNA Helicases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009154:Mutation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012319:RNA Polymerase II / Q000378:metabolism*; D051758:Transcription Factor TFIIH; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019473:Transcription Factors, TFII; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D000095043:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase-Activating Kinase
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D019473:Transcription Factors, TFII; C072022:XPBC-ERCC-3 protein; D051758:Transcription Factor TFIIH; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases; D012319:RNA Polymerase II; D004265:DNA Helicases; D000095043:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase-Activating Kinase