The effects of changing contexts on return of fear following exposure therapy for spider fear.
Treatment of specific fears and phobias is sometimes followed by a return of fear. Work with rats has provided evidence that a greater return of fear occurs when a conditioned stimulus extinguished in 1 context is later presented in a different context than if presented in the same context in which it was originally extinguished. In the present study, 36 human participants who were highly afraid of spiders received 1 session of exposure therapy (with participant modeling) and were then tested for return of fear 1 week later in either the same or a different context. It was hypothesized that there would be a greater return of fear in those participants treated and followed up in different contexts than in those treated and followed up in the same context. Participants tested in a novel context at follow-up showed a greater return of fear than participants tested in the same context. Limitations and areas for future study are discussed.
Mineka
S
S
Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
Mystkowski
J L
JL
Hladek
D
D
Rodriguez
B I
BI
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001245:Association Learning; D003214:Conditioning, Classical; D003887:Desensitization, Psychologic; D005239:Fear; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D051381:Rats; D012008:Recurrence; D012931:Social Environment; D013112:Spiders