title: Chiral resolution and stereospecificity of 6-phenyl-4-phenylethynyl- 1,4-dihydropyridines as selective A(3) adenosine receptor antagonists.
abstract: Racemic 6-phenyl-4-phenylethynyl-1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives have been shown to be highly selective A(3) adenosine receptor antagonists (Jiang et al. J. Med. Chem. 1997, 40, 2596-2608). Methods for resolving the optical isomers at the C4 position, involving selective crystallization or chromatographic separation of diastereomeric ester derivatives, have been developed. Optically pure glycerol and threitol derivatives were used as chiral auxiliary groups for ester formation at the 3-position, resulting in diastereomeric mixtures of dihydropyridines. Esterification of a 6-phenyl-4-phenylethynyl-1,4-dihydropyridine derivative at the 3-position with a chiral, protected glycerol moiety, (S)-(+)-2, 2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol, allowed the selective crystallization of a pure diastereomer, 9. The (1)H NMR spectrum of 9 using the lanthanide shift reagent Eu(fod)(3) indicated optical purity, and the (4S,2'R)-configuration was assigned using X-ray crystallography. The noncrystalline (4R,2'R)-isomer 10 was also isolated and shown to be 3-fold more potent than the (4S,2'R)-isomer in binding to A(3) receptors. The 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane moiety also served as a protected form of a diol, which showed selective reactivity versus a 5-ethyl ester in basic transesterification reactions. A racemic 5-carboxylic acid derivative could not be resolved through crystallization of diastereomeric salts. Enantiomers of 5-benzyl 3-ethyl 2-methyl-6-phenyl-4-phenylethynyl-1, 4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate (2) were obtained via an ester derived from (4R,5R)-(-)-2,3-O-isopropylidene-D-threitol at the 3-position, which was resolved using HPLC, and each diastereomer was subsequently deprotected in acidic conditions. The resulting diols were exchanged for ethyl ester groups by base-catalyzed transesterification. The binding of pure enantiomers of 2 at A(3) adenosine receptors indicated a 35-fold stereoselectivity for the (4S)-isomer 21. A receptor docking hypothesis, using a previously derived human A(3) receptor model, shows the bulkier of the two ester groups (5-Bn) of 21 oriented toward the exofacial side and the 4-position phenylethynyl group situated between transmembrane helical domain TM6 and TM7.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0810, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Melman
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moro
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Lobkovsky
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Clardy
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Jacobson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D004095:Dihydropyridines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008958:Models, Molecular; D011487:Protein Conformation; D058915:Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; D011869:Radioligand Assay; D051381:Rats; D043684:Receptor, Adenosine A3; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D004095:Dihydropyridines; D058915:Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; D043684:Receptor, Adenosine A3; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1