title: Production of CTC-containing porcine reference materials.
abstract: The European Commission (EC) established the Standards, Measurements and Testing programme for the preparation of Reference Materials (RMs) as an aid to harmonise testing for veterinary drug residues throughout the European Union (EU). The production of chlortetracycline (CTC)-free and CTC-incurred pig tissues as candidate RMs is described. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection of CTC and 4-epi-CTC was used for all tissue analyses. A pilot study revealed that incurred CTC residues were stable in pig kidney, liver and muscle lyophilised powders during storage for 10 weeks at -70, -20 and +37 degrees C, obviating the need for addition of a stabiliser (thimerosal). In the main study, 500 vials each of CTC-free and CTC-incurred kidney, liver and muscle were produced. Target concentrations in the CTC-incurred lyophilised tissue powders were 750-1500, 500-1000 and 300-600 micrograms kg-1 for kidney, liver and muscle, respectively. Following lyophilisation, the mean +/- s concentrations of CTC in the incurred positive RMs were 1,315 +/- 56.9, 765 +/- 35.3 and 378 +/- 16.8 micrograms kg-1 for kidney, liver and muscle respectively. Residual moisture in the RMs ranged from 1.6 +/- 0.53% for muscle to 3.0 +/- 0.50% for liver. Between-vial homogeneity for incurred powders was determined for 20 vials of each material, which had been removed at regular intervals during the filling process. Relative standard deviations (RSDs) for kidney, liver and muscle were 4.3, 4.6 and 4.4% respectively, being within the interassay RSD of the method and indicating that mixing was effective. Stability of powders stored at -18, 4, 20 and 37 degrees C was assessed over a period of 79 weeks. No measurable degradation occurred over this time period at any of the storage temperatures. It is concluded that these candidate RMs are homogenous, stable and are suitable for certification.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland, Veterinary Sciences Division, Stormont, Belfast, UK. John.McEvoy@dani.gov.uk
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: McEvoy
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Ferguson
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Crooks
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: van Ginkel
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maghuin-Rogister
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Pfaffl
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Farrington
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Juhel-Gaugain
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000592:standards*; D002751:Chlortetracycline / Q000592:standards*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D005062:European Union; D007668:Kidney / Q000737:chemistry; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry; D012015:Reference Standards; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002751:Chlortetracycline