title: Paracervical anaesthesia in outpatient hysteroscopy: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy and safety of paracervical anaesthesia in reducing pain during outpatient hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind study.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred women undergoing outpatient hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy for abnormal uterine bleeding.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paracervical block using 10 mL of either 2% lignocaine or normal saline before the procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Evaluation of pain at different stages of hysteroscopy using a visual analogue scale together with blood pressure and heart rate monitoring.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with placebo, paracervical anaesthesia significantly reduced the pain only at the time of insertion of the hysteroscope, but not at the subsequent stages of the procedure. However, paracervical injection of lignocaine resulted in a higher incidence of bradycardia and hypotension.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Paracervical anaesthesia not only fails to reduce pain during outpatient hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy, but also carries a risk of inducing bradycardia and hypotension, which is probably a result of inadvertent intravascular injection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories.
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Tam
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Yuen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000379:methods*; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000494:pharmacology; D001706:Biopsy; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002584:Cervix Uteri; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D015907:Hysteroscopy; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D014592:Uterine Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine