title: Mitochondrial glutathione modulates TNF-alpha-induced endothelial cell dysfunction.
abstract: The effect of glutathione (GSH) depletion by L-buthionine-[S,R]-sulphoximine (BSO) on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced adhesion molecule expression and mononuclear leukocyte adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was investigated. Cells with marked depletion of cytoplasmic GSH, but with an intact pool of mitochondrial GSH, only slightly enhanced TNF-alpha-induced E-selectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression, compared with the control. However, TNF-a-induced expression of both molecules was markedly enhanced when the mitochondrial GSH pool was diminished to <15% of the control. In contrast, TNF-alpha-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression was not affected by the depletion of either cytoplasmic or mitochondrial GSH. Marked enhancement of TNF-alpha-induced adhesion molecule expression by the depletion of mitochondrial GSH resulted in increased in mononuclear leukocyte adhesion to treated HUVECs, compared with the control. These effects parallel reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation by the depletion of mitochondrial but not cytoplasmic GSH. Our findings demonstrate that depletion of mitochondrial GSH renders more ROS generation in HUVECs, and mitochondrial GSH modulates TNF-alpha-induced adhesion molecule expression and mononuclear leukocyte adhesion in HUVECs.
authors.affiliation: Sealy Center for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555-0609, USA. khchen@utmb.edu
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Reece
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Leary
mesh_terms: D019328:Buthionine Sulfoximine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D019040:E-Selectin; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D019328:Buthionine Sulfoximine; D005978:Glutathione