title: Identification of sentinel lymph nodes in vulvar carcinoma patients with the aid of a patent blue V injection: a multicenter study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this multicenter study was to investigate the feasibility and negative predictive value of sentinel lymph node detection with blue dye in vulvar carcinoma patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva without suspicious groin lymph nodes, patent blue V was injected intradermally shortly before surgery. Routine groin lymph node dissection and radical vulvectomy were performed. During the surgery, blue lymph vessels and lymph nodes were identified, and the blue lymph nodes were sent separately for histologic examination. The negative predictive value of the blue lymph nodes for the absence of metastases was assessed by histologic examination of the groin lymph node specimens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-one patients in whom 93 groin lymph node dissections were performed were entered. One or more blue lymph nodes were detected in only 52 groins (56%). Nine (17%) of these were tumor positive, and 6 blue lymph nodes were the only tumor positive lymph nodes in the specimen in which they were found. There were two false-negative blue lymph nodes. The negative predictive value was 0.953.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was shown in this multicenter study that sentinel lymph node detection in vulvar carcinoma patients with blue dye only is not feasible because its negative predictive value is too low. Further studies involving the use of a combination of radioactive labeled technetium and blue dye are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Ansink
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Sie-Go
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van der Velden
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Sijmons
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Barros Lopes
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Monaghan
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Kenter
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Murdoch
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: ten Kate
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Heintz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology*; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006119:Groin / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D014846:Vulvar Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents