title: Modified ultrafiltration improves global left ventricular systolic function after open-heart surgery in infants and children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Modified ultrafiltration increases blood pressure and cardiac index following open-heart surgery in children, but it is unclear if this is secondary to an improvement in global left ventricular function. A previous report has suggested that left ventricular systolic function as assessed in a single chord is improved by ultrafiltration (Davies MJ, Nguyen K, Gaynor JW, Elliott MJ. Modified ultrafiltration improves left ventricular systolic function in infants after cardiopulmonary bypass. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1998;115:361--370). The prominent vascular actions of modified ultrafiltration necessitate left ventricular assessment using load-independent indices of systolic and diastolic function.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 22 consecutive infants and children undergoing open-heart surgery, left ventricular function was assessed following bypass and then 10 min later. Sixteen children (median weight 8.1 kg) underwent modified ultrafiltration during this period, the remainder (median weight 7.3 kg) were controls for spontaneous recovery without ultrafiltration. Real-time pressure-volume loops, with transient inferior caval vein snaring were generated from conductance and microtip pressure catheters inserted through the LV apex. From these, load-independent (slope of the end-systolic pressure-volume [Ees] and end-diastolic pressure-volume [Eed] relationships) and load-dependent (Pmax, maximum LV pressure; Ped, end-diastolic LV pressure; maximum [dP/dtmax] and minimum [dP/dtmax] time derivatives of LV pressure; tau, time constant of isovolumic relaxation) indices of left ventricular function were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Haemoconcentration was achieved in all modified ultrafiltration patients, median increase in haematocrit 34% (interquartile range 21%, 42%), final haematocrit 0.40 (0.35, 0.41). Ees increased 58% (9, 159, P = 0.005). The changes in Eed, Pmax, Ped, dP/dtmax, dP/dtmin, and tau were not significantly different from the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Modified ultrafiltration improves global left ventricular systolic function in infants and children following open-heart surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK.
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Chaturvedi
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Shore
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Scallan
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Gothard
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Redington
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lincoln
mesh_terms: D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000601:surgery; D006400:Hematocrit; D006440:Hemofiltration; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D013599:Systole; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins