title: Diagnostic and prognostic value of serial dobutamine stress echocardiography for noninvasive assessment of cardiac allograft vasculopathy: a comparison with coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Routine methods for surveillance of cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) are coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). This study analyzed the diagnostic and prognostic value of dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) for noninvasive assessment of CAV.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 109 heart transplant recipients, 333 DSEs were compared with 285 coronary angiograms and 199 IVUS analyses. Studies were repeated after 1, 2, 3, 4, and >/=5 years in 88, 74, 37, 18, and 7 patients, respectively. Resting 2D echocardiography detected CAV defined by IVUS and angiography with a sensitivity of 57% (specificity 88%). DSE increased the sensitivity to 72% (P=0.002). M-mode analysis increased the sensitivity of 2D rest and stress analysis (P=0.001, 0.004). Cardiac events occurred after 1.9% of normal stress tests by 2D analysis (combined 2D and M-mode: 0%), compared with 6.3% (3.8%) of normal resting studies. Worsening of serial DSE indicated an increased risk of events compared with no deterioration (relative risk 7.26, P=0.0014). Serial deterioration detected by stress only was associated with a higher risk of events than changes evident from resting studies (relative risk 3.06, P=0.0374).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DSE identifies patients at risk for events and facilitates monitoring of CAV. A normal DSE predicts an uneventful clinical course and justifies postponement of invasive studies. The prognostic value of DSE is comparable to that of IVUS and angiography.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, the Institute of Medical Informatics, University of München, Germany.
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Spes
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Klauss
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mudra
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Schnaack
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Tammen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rieber
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Siebert
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Henneke
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Uberfuhr
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Reichart
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Theisen
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Angermann
mesh_terms: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D000328:Adult; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D004280:Dobutamine; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D016027:Heart Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D004280:Dobutamine