Myocardial preconditioning: basic concepts and potential mechanisms.
Preconditioning is a phenomenon, where brief periods of stress such as ischemia, heat shock or certain pharmacological agents make the heart tolerant to subsequent lethal ischemic injury. Preconditioning seems to involve a variety of stress signals which include activation of membrane receptors and signaling molecules such as protein kinase C, mitogen-activated protein kinases, opening of ATP-sensitive potassium channel and expression of a number of protective proteins. In this review, the potential role of these mechanisms is discussed.
Okubo
S
S
Division of Cardiology, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298, USA.
Xi
L
L
Bernardo
N L
NL
Yoshida
K
K
Kukreja
R C
RC
D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D019157:Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular