title: Prevention of Type II diabetes in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance: the Diabetes Prevention Study (DPS) in Finland. Study design and 1-year interim report on the feasibility of the lifestyle intervention programme.
abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS; The aim of the Diabetes Prevention Study is to assess the efficacy of an intensive diet-exercise programme in preventing or delaying Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance, to evaluate the effects of the intervention programme on cardiovascular risk factors and to assess the determinants for the progression to diabetes in persons with impaired glucose tolerance.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 523 overweight subjects with impaired glucose tolerance ascertained by two oral glucose tolerance tests were randomised to either a control or intervention group. The control subjects received general information at the start of the trial about the lifestyle changes necessary to prevent diabetes and about annual follow-up visits. The intervention subjects had seven sessions with a nutritionist during the first year and a visit every 3 months thereafter aimed at reducing weight, the intake of saturated fat and increasing the intake of dietary fibre. Intervention subjects were also guided individually to increase their physical activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the first year, weight loss in the first 212 study subjects was 4.7 +/- 5.5 vs 0.9 +/- 4.1 kg in the intervention and control group, respectively (p < 0.001). The plasma glucose concentrations (fasting: 5.9 +/- 0.7 vs 6.4 +/- 0.8 mmol/l, p < 0.001; and 2-h 7.8 +/- 1.8 vs 8.5 +/- 2.3 mmol/l, p < 0.05) were significantly lower in the intervention group after the first year of intervention. Favourable changes were also found in blood pressure, serum lipids and anthropometric indices in the intervention group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The interim results show the efficacy and feasibility of the lifestyle intervention programme.
authors.affiliation: National Public Health Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lindström
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Valle
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aunola
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hämäläinen
authors.forename: P
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authors.lastname: Ilanne-Parikka
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authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laakso
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authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lauhkonen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lehto
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lehtonen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Louheranta
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mannelin
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Martikkala
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rastas
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sundvall
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Turpeinen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Viljanen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uusitupa
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tuomilehto
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001837:Body Weights and Measures; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015444:Exercise; D005387:Finland; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D014280:Triglycerides