title: Spatial analysis of Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) in Austria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the geographical distribution of Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) and morbidity for coronary heart disease, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction by spatial analysis of the standardized morbidity rates (SMR) on district level. To identify clusters by Moran's I Statistic and the Regional Spatial Autocorrelation Coefficient (RSAC) of Munasinghe and Morris. To investigate demand factor morbidity and supply factor health care infrastructure on the district level as reasons for geographical disparity. To describe characteristics of the cluster population and intervention centres.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective record linkage study.
  
  
  METHODS
  All hospitals and cardiological centres in Austria (n = 150) which performed the Minimum Basic Data Set (MBDS).
  
  
  METHODS
  All Austrian residents who were diagnosed for myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease or angina pectoris in 1995 (n = 87,174).
  
  
  RESULTS
  One 'positive' PTCA cluster (all SMRs > or =0.96) and one 'negative' PTCA cluster (all SMRs < or =0.59) were identified. They differed significantly in morbidity rate, intervention rate and available cardiological beds. The tendency to inverse relation between PTCA utilization and morbidity in the 'negative' cluster supported the thesis of 'inverse care law'. Austrianwide no significant correlation was found between the SMR of PTCA-application and both demand factor and supply factors. Nevertheless, differences between the clusters concerning number and capacity of intervention centres and density of specialists pointed to supply factors as reasons for geographical disparity. The ongoing trend of steady expansion of existing intervention centres and establishment of new ones will reduce the extent of geographical variation in future.
authors.affiliation: Ludwig-Boltzmann-Institute for Epidemiology and Research on Health Systems, c/o Institute for Biostatistics and Documentation, University of Innsbruck, Austria. reinhild.strauss@smi.ki.se
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Strauss
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pfeifer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ulmer
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mühlberger
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Pfeiffer
mesh_terms: D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends; D001317:Austria / Q000453:epidemiology; D016507:Cardiology Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends; D002391:Catchment Area, Health; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005260:Female; D005843:Geography; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009017:Morbidity; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010821:Physicians, Family / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data