title: Oral contraceptive use and risk of endometriosis. Italian Endometriosis Study Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyse the association between use of oral contraception and risk of pelvic endometriosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared use of oral contraception in women with and without endometriosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eligible for the study were women with primary or secondary infertility (n = 393) or chronic pelvic pain (n = 424), requiring laparoscopy, consecutively observed between September 1995 and January 1996 in 15 obstetrics and gynaecology departments in Italy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of the 817 women included in the study, 345 had a diagnosis of endometriosis; 164 (47.5%) women with endometriosis and 139 (29.4%) without the disease reported ever using oral contraception. In comparison with never users the estimated odds ratios (OR) of endometriosis were 1.8 (95% CI 1.0-3.3) in current users and 1.6 (95% CI 1.1-2.4) in ex-users. No clear relation emerged between duration of oral contraceptive use and risk of endometriosis. In comparison with never users, the OR was 1.8 (95% CI 1.1-3.0) for women reporting their last use of oral contraception < 5 years before interview and 1.5 (95% CI 0.9-2.5) for those reporting their last use > or = 5 years before interview.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study suggests that oral contraception is associated with an increased risk of endometriosis but this finding is based on a selected population and cannot generalised to all women with endometriosis.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri and Prima Clinica Ostetrico Ginecologica, Università di Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Parazzini
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Di Cintio
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chatenoud
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moroni
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mezzanotte
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Crosignani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000139:chemically induced*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000209:etiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D017699:Pelvic Pain / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D003276:Contraceptives, Oral