title: Permanent cardiac pacemakers: issues relevant to the emergency physician, part II.
abstract: Many people benefit from the implantation of cardiac pacemakers for management of certain cardiac dysrhythmias. These patients are seen regularly in the Emergency Department with a variety of pacemaker complications and malfunctions. The presence of a pacemaker may also affect management of unrelated medical problems. This, the second of a two-part series, covers the causes, diagnosis, and management of pacemaker malfunction; the pacemaker syndrome; the pacemaker Twiddler's syndrome; and other considerations in the paced patient including diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction, ACLS protocols, trauma, and sources of interference.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, USA.
authors.forename: T Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Cardall
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Brady
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Vilke
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rosen
mesh_terms: D004562:Electrocardiography; D004635:Emergency Medicine; D004868:Equipment Failure; D006801:Humans; D008133:Long QT Syndrome / Q000628:therapy; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial