title: A dose and schedule finding study of gemcitabine and etoposide in patients with progressive non-small cell lung cancer after platinum containing chemotherapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Combination chemotherapy improves survival in patients with disseminated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Gemcitabine is active against NSCLC and etoposide has an additive effect in vitro. We describe a dose finding study for the combination of these drugs.
  
  
  METHODS
  NSCLC patients progressive after chemotherapy received gemcitabine (1000 mg/m2 days 1, 8, 15) and one of five etoposide schedules in doses ranging from 60 to 100 mg/m2 per day administered on days 1-3 (schedules 1-2) or 8-10 (schedules 3-5).
  
  
  RESULTS
  23 patients (median age 59 years) were entered. Number of patients and cycles evaluable for toxicity was 22 and 75. Non-hematological toxicity was mild. In cycle 1 leukocytopenia grade III/IV was observed in 33 and 56% of the patients treated with etoposide 60 and 80 mg/m2 days 1-3 and in 50% treated with etoposide 60 and 80 mg/m2 days 8-10. During cycle 1 thrombocytopenia grade III/IV was observed in 0, 33, 0 and 33% of these patients, respectively. Both patients treated at etoposide 100 mg/m2 days 8-10 experienced febrile leukocytopenia. During cycle 1 single doses of gemcitabine were administered as planned more frequently in patients receiving etoposide 80 mg/m2 per day on days 8-10 compared to etoposide days 1-3 (83 versus 70%). Postponement of combination gemcitabine and etoposide was not necessary. The overall response rate was 21% (95% confidence interval 3-39%) with a median duration of 7.5 + months in this dose finding study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined gemcitabine etoposide is feasible in patients with progressive NSCLC. The optimal combination was gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 per day on days 1, 8 and 15 and etoposide 80 mg/m2 per day on days 8-10 of each 28-day cycle. The response rate of 21% warrants further investigation in patients with advanced NSCLC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonology, Free University Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Biesma
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Smit
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Postmus
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019384:Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D017671:Platinum Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D015996:Survival Rate; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D019384:Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors; D017671:Platinum Compounds; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D005047:Etoposide; D000093542:Gemcitabine