Blood glucose patterns and appetite in time-blinded humans: carbohydrate versus fat.
We assessed the extent to which a possible synchronization between transient blood glucose declines and spontaneous meal initiation would lend support to the interpretation of a preload study with isoenergetic (1 MJ) isovolumetric high-fat or simple carbohydrate (CHO) preload drinks. Ten men (18-30 yr) fasted overnight and then were time blinded and made aware that they could request meals anytime. At first meal requests, volunteers consumed a preload; ad libitum meals were offered at subsequent requests. Postabsorptively, transient declines in blood glucose were associated with meal requests (chi(2) = 8.29). Subsequent meal requests occurred during "dynamic declines" in blood glucose after the peak induced by drink consumption (100%). These meal requests took twice as long to occur after high-fat than after CHO preloads (fat = 126 +/- 21, CHO = 65 +/- 15 min), consistent with differences in interpolated 65-min satiety scores (fat = 38 +/- 8.2, CHO = 16 +/- 4). Postprandially, transient blood glucose declines were associated with meal requests (chi(2) = 4.30). Spontaneous meal initiations were synchronized with transient and dynamic blood glucose declines. Synchronization of intermeal interval and dynamic declines related to higher satiating efficiency from high-fat preloads than from simple CHO preloads.
Melanson
K J
KJ
Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Westerterp-Plantenga
M S
MS
Saris
W H
WH
Smith
F J
FJ
Campfield
L A
LA
D000328:Adult; D001066:Appetite / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis* / Q000187:drug effects; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004326:Drinking / Q000502:physiology; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006815:Hunger / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D012528:Satiety Response / Q000502:physiology; D013998:Time Perception
D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats