title: The influence of engravings on the sticking of tablets. Investigations with an instrumented upper punch.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of engravings on the sticking of tablets. Therefore, an instrumented upper punch capable of measuring the pull-off force, which occurs when the punch detaches itself from the upper surface of a tablet, was equipped with small cones of different angles between the punch face and the cones' lateral face. The cones could be screwed into a threaded hole at the center of the punch face. The adhesion forces of two formulations known to stick to engravings during production increased with a greater steepness of the cones' lateral face. With microencapsulated acetylsalicylic acid, no quantitative differences could be found between the adhesion forces obtained with plain and modified punch faces, indicating that the sticking behavior of the substance was not affected by shear forces. Starch 1500 showed higher adhesion force signals in comparison to those obtained with a plain punch face. Microcrystalline cellulose, which gave no adhesion force signals with a plain punch face and did not stick to the cones, showed distinct pull-off signals. The instrumented upper punch equipped with shear cones is a valuable instrument for detecting the adhesion caused by engravings and is therefore a helpful tool for tablet formulation development and the design optimization of tablet identification.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Waimer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krumme
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Danz
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Tenter
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Schmidt
mesh_terms: D000268:Adhesiveness; D002482:Cellulose; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000379:methods; D005079:Excipients; D007785:Lactose; D009862:Online Systems; D011312:Pressure; D012212:Rheology; D013213:Starch; D013499:Surface Properties; D013607:Tablets
chemical_list: D005079:Excipients; D013607:Tablets; D002482:Cellulose; D013213:Starch; D007785:Lactose