title: GEFs: structural basis for their activation of small GTP-binding proteins.
abstract: Small GTP-binding proteins of the Ras superfamily function as molecular switches in fundamental events such as signal transduction, cytoskeleton dynamics and intracellular trafficking. Guanine-nucleotide-exchange factors (GEFs) positively regulate these GTP-binding proteins in response to a variety of signals. GEFs catalyze the dissociation of GDP from the inactive GTP-binding proteins. GTP can then bind and induce structural changes that allow interaction with effectors. Representative structures of four main classes of exchange factors have been described recently and, in two cases, structures of the GTP-binding protein-GEF complex have been solved. These structures, together with biochemical studies, have allowed a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of activation of Ras-like GTP-binding proteins and suggested how they might represent targets for therapeutic intervention.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Enzymologie et Biochimie Structurales, CNRS, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France. cherfils@lebs.cnrs-gif.fr
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cherfils
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chardin
mesh_terms: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D015195:Drug Design; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D011487:Protein Conformation; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D020663:ras Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors; D020666:ras-GRF1
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors; D011506:Proteins; C066755:Sec7 guanine nucleotide exchange factors; D020663:ras Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors; D020666:ras-GRF1; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins