title: Effect of carbon dioxide on testing of susceptibilities of respiratory tract pathogens to macrolide and azalide antimicrobial agents.
abstract: The in vitro activities of erythromycin, azithromycin, and clarithromycin against 178 clinical isolates from the lower respiratory tract of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were determined by an agar dilution method. The plates were incubated in air alone or in 5% carbon dioxide. The MICs measured in air alone were lower for most isolates than those measured in 5% carbon dioxide, illustrating the "pH effect" of incubation in carbon dioxide. Testing of isolates in 5% carbon dioxide on pH-adjusted medium (pH 8.4) resulted in MICs of one or two doubling dilutions lower than those obtained on agar with a neutral pH. A bioassay of the three agents incubated in air and in 5% carbon dioxide resulted in a significant loss of activity of all three agents in the carbon dioxide-enriched atmosphere. However, this loss-of-activity effect was significantly reduced when the bioassay medium was adjusted to pH 8.4 prior to incubation in 5% carbon dioxide.
authors.affiliation: Antimicrobial Agents Research Group, Division of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Piddock
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017963:Azithromycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D017291:Clarithromycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004917:Erythromycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D006192:Haemophilus Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008173:Lung Diseases, Obstructive / Q000382:microbiology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods; D001936:Moraxella catarrhalis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016870:Neisseriaceae Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D004917:Erythromycin; D017963:Azithromycin; D017291:Clarithromycin