title: Electrostatic encapsulation and growth of plant cell cultures in alginate.
abstract: The growth of callus tissue from African Violets, encapsulated in alginate using electrostatics, was investigated as well as the mechanism of alginate droplet formation. Alginate microbeads as small as 500 (+/-50) microns in diameter could be produced by electrostatic extrusion directly from a plastic syringe (1900 micron extrusion orifice), in the absence of a needle. Video analysis of the mechanism of electrostatic alginate droplet formation from the syringe showed the development of a Taylor cone-like droplet which extended to form a thin strand that then broke up into droplets. Autoclaving of the alginate/medium solution significantly reduced its viscosity, giving smaller beads. Calculated microbead diameters agreed well with experimental values. Callus tissue from leaf explants was successfully immobilized and cultured using electrostatic extrusion. Tissue immobilized using 4% alginate in medium and cultured on agar grew best, producing a complete plantlet within four months. The long-term aim is to develop an effective method for large production of artificial seeds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioresource & Agricultural Engineering, Department of Agronomy, Horticulture, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Al-Hajry
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Al-Maskry
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Al-Kharousi
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: El-Mardi
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Shayya
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Goosen
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018914:Cells, Immobilized; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D059828:Plant Cells; D063245:Plant Development; D055672:Static Electricity; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D020723:Glucuronic Acid