title: High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of n-methylformamide, a biological index for occupational exposure to dimethylformamide.
abstract: This report describes an analytical method for the biological monitoring of workers exposed to N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), a solvent widely used in the chemical industry. The human main metabolites of DMF are N-hydroxymethyl-N-methylformamide (HMMF) and the minor metabolites N-methylformamide (NMF) and N-acetyl-S-(N-methylcarbamoyl)cysteine. The metabolite selected by the American Conference of Governmental Hygienists for occupational biomonitoring purposes, is NMF measured by gas chromatographic analysis, as during it HMMF may be converted to the minor metabolite NMF. HMMF and NFM can be measured independently using HPLC analysis. The procedure proposed here involves the thermal transformation of the primary metabolite HMMF into the minor metabolite NMF, which is then determined by HPLC. This method makes it possible to determine, using HPLC, both metabolites of DMF by measuring only one peak, thus offering two major advantages: (i) it increases the sensitivity of the test and (ii) it deploys only one reference standard.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Occupational Prevention and Safety, Department of Occupational Hygiene, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tranfo
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Plebani
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salerno
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Panebianco
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Marcelloni
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D004126:Dimethylformamide / Q000633:toxicity*; D005559:Formamides / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D012015:Reference Standards; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D016482:Urinalysis
chemical_list: D005559:Formamides; D004126:Dimethylformamide; C002950:methylformamide