title: Carbohydrate/peptide mimics: effect on MUC1 cancer immunotherapy.
abstract: Recent clinical studies with mannan mucin immunotherapeutic agents indicate that patients produce predominantly antibody responses while mice produce a high cytotoxic T lymphocyte response. In studying the reason for the 'immune deviation' occurring in mice to humans from cellular to antibody responses, it has been found that natural anti-Galalpha(1,3)Gal antibodies, present in all humans, react with the mucin component of the agent, providing an example of a carbohydrate-peptide mimic. The immune deviation can be overcome by in vitro sensitization of antigen-presenting cells in the absence of anti-Gal antibodies - at least in mice. The review examines the background of these observations and discusses other peptide carbohydrate mimics and immune deviation
authors.affiliation: Austin Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Apostolopoulos
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Sandrin
authors.forename: I F
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: McKenzie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000276:immunology*; D003429:Cross Reactions; D004187:Disaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D008351:Mannans / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D018716:Molecular Mimicry; D018396:Mucin-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D010455:Peptides / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D004187:Disaccharides; D008351:Mannans; D018396:Mucin-1; D010455:Peptides; C055075:galactosyl-(1-3)galactose