title: [Causes of blindness in Hessia in 1996].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite of medical progress, the incidence and prevalence of blindness are continuously increasing. In Hessia, the number of persons receiving blindness compensation payment increased from 8,346 in 1985 to 11,166 in 1996 by 2.6% per year. In 1996, the rate (prevalence) amounted to 1.85/1000 of the Hessian population.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, the incidence of blindness (visual acuity < or = 0.02 or equivalent visual handicap) and substantial visual handicap (visual acuity < or = 0.05 or equivalent visual handicap) according to the Hessian law was investigated by means of the records of new candidates for blindness compensation payment whose applications were granted in 1996. The causes of blindness (main diagnosis), visual acuity, age, gender, and nationality were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Hessian administration for public welfare had filed 2,609 alterations of applications concerning sundry social assistance. Out of these, 2,395 files (91.8%) were available, 1411 applications met the requirements for blindness compensation payment, 45.4% were graded substantially visually handicapped for the first time, 43.4% were graded blind for the first time, and 11.0% were graded blind after previous substantial visual handicap. In 0.2%, a further classification was not necessary. Applied to the Hessian population of 6.027 million people, the incidence of blindness was 0.14/1000. 67.9% were female, 30.9% were male, in 1.2% the gender was not evaluable. The age median of the candidates was 78 years (male: 74 years, female: 80 years), 84.3% of the candidates were > or = 60 years old. The most frequent causes of blindness (substantial visual handicap) were: age related macular degeneration 35.3% (49.5%), diabetic retinopathy 15.0% (17.0%), glaucoma 12.6% (7.8%), tapetoretinal degenerations 6.9% (1.7%), optic nerve atrophy 6.1% (4.3%), and myopia 5.0% (6.5%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Age related affections are the most frequent causes of blindness. Due to the increasing life expectancy and rather constant birth rates, a further increase of blindness rates has to be expected.
authors.affiliation: Augenklinik für Schielbehandlung und Neuroophthalmologie der Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen. michael.h.graef@augen.med.uni-giessen.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gräf
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Halbach
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaufmann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001766:Blindness / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D015984:Causality; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
vernacular_title: Erblindungsursachen in Hessen 1996.