title: Randomized comparison between low-pressure laparoscopic cholecystectomy and gasless laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laparoscopic cholecystectomy using low-pressure pneumoperitoneum (8 mmHg) minimizes adverse hemodynamic effects, reduces postoperative pain, and accelerates recovery. Similar claims are made for gasless laparoscopy using abdominal wall lifting. The aim of this study was to compare gasless laparoscopic cholecystectomy to low-pressure cholecystectomy with respect to postoperative pain and recovery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six patients were randomized to low-pressure or gasless laparoscopic cholecystectomy using a subcutaneous lifting system (Laparotenser).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The characteristics of the patients were similar in the two groups. The procedure was completed in all patients in the low-pressure group, but two patients in the gasless group were converted to pneumoperitoneum. There were no significant differences in postoperative pain and analgesic consumption, but patients in the gasless group developed shoulder pain more frequently (50% vs 11%, p < 0.05). Gasless operation took longer to perform (95 vs 72.5 min, p = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gasless and low-pressure laparoscopic cholecystectomy were similar with respect to postoperative pain and recovery. The gasless technique provided inferior exposure and the operation took longer, but the technique may still have value in high-risk patients with cardiorespiratory disease.
authors.affiliation: Leeds Institute for Minimally Invasive Therapy, Academic Unit of Surgery, The General Infirmary at Leeds, Great George Street, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vezakis
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Davides
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Larvin
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: McMahon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D011028:Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D011312:Pressure
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics