title: Somatic correlates of functional enuresis.
abstract: Functional enuresis is a heterogeneous group of syndromes with different aetiology and pathophysiology. The aim was to identify specific somatic correlates of enuresis non-invasively in child psychiatric patients after exclusion of neurologic and structural forms of incontinence. One hundred sixty-seven consecutive children, aged 5 to 10 years with day and/or night wetting were examined prospectively with: urinalysis and bacteriology; ultrasonography, including bladder wall thickness and residual volume; uroflowmetry and pelvic-floor-EMG; EEG; and a complete paediatric-neurologic examination. Day wetting children had a significantly higher rate of previous antibiotic prophylaxis, larger residual volume, thicker bladder walls; the uroflow curves were significantly less bell- and more staccato-shaped, the EMG less relaxed. Voiding postponers showed a tendency towards more uroflow anomalies than urge incontinent children. Primary and secondary enuretics did not differ on most parameters, but primary nocturnal enuretics with micturition problems had significantly less relaxed EMGs than monosymptomatic enuretics. Although day wetters had more pathological EEGs and neurological signs, these differences did not reach significance. The overall rate of urogenital anomalies was 10%. In conclusion, enuresis has a high rate functional somatic correlates with clinical and theoretical, classificatory implications.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: von Gontard
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Benden
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mauer-Mucke
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lehmkuhl
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004576:Electromyography; D004775:Enuresis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000175:diagnosis