title: A review of the use of a controlled-release formulation of ivermectin in the treatment and prophylaxis of Psoroptes ovis infestations in sheep.
abstract: The options for the treatment and control of sheep scab (psoroptic mange) have been increased in recent years through the introduction of the endectocides ivermectin, doramectin and moxidectin. Whilst therapeutic efficacy is good, the current injectable formulations offer limited protection against re-infestation with Psoroptes ovis. An intraruminal controlled-release formulation of ivermectin has been developed to provide therapeutic and prophylactic activity against a range of sensitive endo- and ecto-parasites of sheep for 100 days after administration. These ivermectin boluses are designed to release ivermectin at 20-40 microg/kg/day over 100 days and were developed for use in sheep of 20-90 kg bodyweight. Several controlled therapeutic and prophylactic trials against sheep scab have been conducted under a variety of protocols with such boluses in Europe and South America. The results of these studies indicate that the bolus provides 100% therapeutic efficacy against established P. ovis infestations and equivalent prophylactic efficacy against challenge infestations administered during the active life of the bolus.
authors.affiliation: Merial Ltd., Harlow, Essex, UK.
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Forbes
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Pitt
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Baggott
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rehbein
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barth
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Bridi
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: O'Brien
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005858:Germany; D007306:Insecticides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000592:standards / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007494:Ireland; D007559:Ivermectin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000592:standards / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008924:Mite Infestations / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D008925:Mites / Q000187:drug effects; D011897:Random Allocation; D012417:Rumen / Q000502:physiology; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D007306:Insecticides; D007559:Ivermectin