title: 45,X/46,X,r(Y) karyotype transmitted by father to son after intracytoplasmic sperm injection for oligospermia. A case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The advent of assisted reproductive techniques, such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), has permitted conception and successful pregnancy for an increasing population of infertile men. Approximately 13.7% of infertile men with aspermia and 4.6% with oligospermia have a coexistent chromosome abnormality. Although the ICSI procedure appears safe thus far, early studies are in progress to evaluate outcomes of such pregnancies. For men whose infertility is linked to genetic conditions, it is an unprecedented challenge to predict the potential effects on their offspring.
  
  
  METHODS
  At 18 weeks' gestation, a 45,X/46,X,r(Y) karyotype was found on genetic amniocentesis performed for advanced maternal age. The pregnancy was achieved by ICSI using sperm from the husband, who was infertile due to severe oligospermia. Subsequently the same karyotype was found in the father. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of familial transmission of ring Y chromosome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is strongly recommended that ICSI and other new assisted reproductive techniques be preceded by genetic screening for male infertility as well as other indications warranted by the family history since traditional risk assessment may require revision and outcomes may be uncertain in some cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bethesda Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45206, USA.
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Bofinger
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Needham
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Saldana
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Sosnowski
authors.forename: R I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Blough
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007621:Karyotyping; D008297:Male; D009030:Mosaicism / Q000235:genetics; D009845:Oligospermia / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D012099:Reproductive Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012303:Ring Chromosomes; D012729:Sex Chromosome Aberrations / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014998:Y Chromosome