title: A two-center study of the development of acute irritation responses to fatty acids.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A human 4-hour patch test has been developed for evaluating the acute irritation potential of chemicals. This method was developed for comparative irritation assessments. Although skin irritation responses in human subjects can be quite variable, this test method has proven robust in both intra- and interlaboratory tests. However, the previous interlaboratory studies were not optimal in that slightly differing protocols were used and the studies were not controlled for time of year or source of test chemicals. As a result, some variation in acute irritation responses were seen that might have been reduced somewhat had these variables been controlled to a greater extent.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the current study was to examine interlaboratory reproducibility of the 4-hour patch test when conducted under as identical as set of test conditions as possible.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two laboratories conducted a direct comparison study of the acute irritation potential of three structurally related, undiluted fatty acids (octanoic acid, decanoic acid, and dodecanoic acid) in comparison to a benchmark positive control chemical (20% sodium dodecyl sulfate [SDS]). The studies were run within a 4-month period using the same commercial source of test chemicals. Test subjects were treated with each chemical under occluded patch conditions for gradually increasing exposure duration up to 4 hours. The results were then evaluated in terms of total cumulative incidence of positive responses and time response patterns.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using statistical comparisons of the proportion of the subjects with a positive irritant reaction to each substance, the rank order of irritation potential was decanoic acid >/= octanoic acid > SDS >> and dodecanoic acid. The statistical comparisons and the time-response patterns for each chemical were nearly identical at the two laboratories. There were also very similar, and intriguing, variations in the interchemical response patterns seen in the two studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When conducted under as controlled a set of test conditions as was reasonably possible, this acute irritation protocol shows remarkably high consistency across independent test laboratories, further supporting its continued development and acceptance as a valid and more predictive tool for assessing skin irritation potential.
authors.affiliation: Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH 45253-8707, USA.
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Whittle
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Basketter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002210:Caprylates / Q000009:adverse effects; D003652:Decanoic Acids / Q000009:adverse effects; D017449:Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / Q000209:etiology*; D004739:England; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007509:Irritants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007850:Lauric Acids / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009820:Ohio; D010328:Patch Tests / Q000592:standards*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D002210:Caprylates; D003652:Decanoic Acids; D005227:Fatty Acids; D007509:Irritants; D007850:Lauric Acids; C030358:lauric acid; C031071:decanoic acid; C031492:octanoic acid