title: Wide local excision (WLE) for vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To assess the use of wide local excision in the treatment of VAIN.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review on 40 WLE procedures for VAIN.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age was 60 years. Thirty-six (90%) patients had previous treatment for genital tract cancer or pre-cancer. The median duration and blood loss during operation was 45 minutes and 50 mls respectively. Fifteen complications affected 11 patients. Only one of five patients with 'vaginal cancer' was diagnosed prior to WLE. Of the 35 patients treated for VAIN 3, 12 (34%) developed abnormal cytology during follow up three had residual VAIN 3, five had recurrent VAIN 3 and four had invasive cancer diagnosed. The remaining 23 (66%) patients were disease free at a median follow up of 44 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ablative therapy for VAIN 3 is unsafe as occult invasive foci can be missed by biopsy. WLE is efficacious in treating high grade VAIN 3. Long term surveillance of the lower genital tract is needed to diagnose metachronous lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: T Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: H Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Ngan
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D014625:Vaginal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*