title: Effect of type and transfer of conventional weapons on civilian injuries: retrospective analysis of prospective data from Red Cross hospitals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the link between different weapons used in modern wars and their potential to injury civilians.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data about hospital admissions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospitals of the International Committee of the Red Cross.
  
  
  METHODS
  18 877 people wounded by bullets, fragmentation munitions, or mines. Of these, 2012 had been admitted to the hospital in Kabul within six hours of injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Age and sex of wounded people according to cause of injury and whether they were civilians (women and girls, boys under 16 years old, or men of 50 or more).
  
  
  RESULTS
  18.7% of those injured by bullets, 34.1% of those injured by fragments, and 30.8% of those injured by mines were civilians. Of those admitted to the Red Cross hospital in Kabul within six hours of injury, 39.1% of those injured by bullets, 60.6% of those injured by fragments, and 55.0% of those injured by mines were civilians.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proportion of civilians injured differs between weapon systems. The higher proportion injured by fragments and mines is explicable in terms of the military efficiency of weapons, the distance between user and victim, and the effect that the kind of weapon has on the psychology of the user.
authors.affiliation: Unit of the Chief Medical Officer, International Committee of the Red Cross, 19 avenue de la Paix, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland. rcoupland@icrc.org
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Coupland
authors.forename: H O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Samnegaard
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000346:Afghanistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D001753:Blast Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012011:Red Cross; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014857:Warfare; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*