title: Tauroursodeoxycholic acid enhances phagocytosis of the cultured rat Kupffer cell.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ursodeoxycholic acid is used in the treatment of acute and chronic intrahepatic cholestasis because it ameliorates cholestasis and protects hepatocytes. However, few studies have examined the effect of bile acids on the function of Kupffer cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effect of various bile acids on cultured rat Kupffer cells was studied in terms of phagocytic activity in response to latex particles and morphological alterations. Video-enhanced differential interference contrast microscopy was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Taurochenodeoxycholic acid and taurodeoxycholic acid reduced the number of latex particles incorporated into Kupffer cells, but taurocholic and tauroursodeoxycholic acids enhanced phagocytosis of latex particles. Inhibition of phagocytosis by taurochenodeoxycholic acid or taurodeoxycholic acid was essentially dose dependent. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid also enhanced phagocytosis by Kupffer cells in which phagocytosis had been reduced by pretreatment with taurochenodeoxycholic acid or taurodeoxycholic acid. Incorporated latex particles had a distinct translocation speed of 0.084+/-0.024 microm/s (mean maximum speed+/-SD); the speed was in the same range with tauroursodeoxycholic acid treatment. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid induced a 56% expansion of cytoplasm, associated with increased ruffling and movement of intracellular organelles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These observations suggest that tauroursodeoxycholic acid enhances membrane trafficking without changing translocation speed.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Akita University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Funaoka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Komatsu
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Toyoshima
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mikami
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hoshino
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuramitsu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Masamune
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D007728:Kupffer Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008857:Microscopy, Interference; D018715:Microscopy, Video; D008863:Microspheres; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013654:Taurine / Q000494:pharmacology; D013655:Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013657:Taurodeoxycholic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D014580:Ursodeoxycholic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C030141:taurine-ursodeoxycholate conjugate; D013654:Taurine; D013655:Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid; D013657:Taurodeoxycholic Acid; C031655:ursodoxicoltaurine; D014580:Ursodeoxycholic Acid