title: Induction of mucosal antibody responses by microsphere-encapsulated formalin-inactivated simian immunodeficiency virus in a male urethral challenge model.
abstract: Male rhesus macaques were immunized mucosally with microsphere-encapsulated formalin-inactivated simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) particles in a test of immunogenicity and protection against mucosal SIV challenge. Tracheal boosting of animals that had been primed intramuscularly resulted in strong serum ELISA titers to SIV, and evidence of local IgA responses in broncho-alveolar washes. The bulk of the antibody response was against non-envelope epitopes. No neutralizing antibody was observed, and intraurethral challenge with cell-free rhesus-grown virus showed no evidence of protection against infection. Microsphere-based immunization efficiently raises local and system responses, but the resulting immunity to SIV is apparently not sufficient to protect against mucosal challenge.
authors.affiliation: Wyeth-Lederle Vaccines and Pediatrics, Viral Vaccine Immunology, Pearl River, NY 10965, USA.
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Ishizaka
authors.forename: Z R
authors.initials: ZR
authors.lastname: Israel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gettie
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Mishkin
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Staas
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Gilley
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Dailey
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Montefiori
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Marx
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Eldridge
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005557:Formaldehyde; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal / Q000276:immunology*; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D008863:Microspheres; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D013997:Time Factors; D014522:Urethral Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary*; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000276:immunology; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; D014765:Viral Vaccines; D005557:Formaldehyde