title: Spider angiomas in patients with liver cirrhosis: role of alcoholism and impaired liver function.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Spider angioma is a common sign in patients with liver cirrhosis, but the pathogenesis is still unclear. Alcohol and hyperestrogenemia are both possible etiologies. This study was designed to investigate the relationship of spider angiomas in patients with liver cirrhosis to alcohol, liver function test results, and plasma levels of sex hormones.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-two patients with liver cirrhosis and 18 healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. The number, size, and location of the spider angiomas were recorded for all subjects. Plasma levels of estradiol and testosterone were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cirrhotic patients had significantly higher estradiol/testosterone ratios (26.8 +/- 5.1 x 10(-3) versus 8.8 +/- 2.0 x 10(-3); P = 0.002) than healthy controls. Twenty-seven (33%) of the 82 cirrhotic patients had spider angiomas. Cirrhotic patients with spider angiomas were younger (56 +/- 3 versus 66 +/- 1 years; P = 0.002) and had higher serum bilirubin levels (3.3 +/- 0.6 versus 1.7 +/- 0.2 mg/dl; P = 0.002), longer prothrombin time (16.8 +/- 0.8 versus 14.8 +/- 0.4 sec; P = 0.01), and higher prevalence of alcoholism (41% versus 20%; P = 0.04) than those without. Stepwise logistic regression showed that alcoholism and serum bilirubin level were the only significant and independent predictors associated with the presence of spider angiomas in cirrhotic patients (odds ratio = 3.5; 95% confidence interval = 1.2-10.8; P = 0.03, and odds ratio = 2.8; 95% confidence interval = 1.3-5.7; P = 0.006, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alcoholism and impaired liver function are important predictors of the presence of spider angiomas in patients with liver cirrhosis.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Medicine, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, and National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taiwan.
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: F Y
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: F Y
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D008104:Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D013739:Testosterone; D004958:Estradiol