title: Effects of hypoxia/reoxygenation and cytokines on adhesion of leukocytes to cerebral microvascular endothelial cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the influence of hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) on the adhesion of neutrophils (Neu) and monocytes (Mon) to cultured bovine cerebral microvascular cells induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) or interleukin 1-alpha (IL-1 alpha).
  
  
  METHODS
  Bovine cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (CMEC) and smooth muscle cells (CMSMC) were exposed to normoxia or H/R in the presence or absence of TNF-alpha (IL-1 alpha). The number of adhesions of Mon and Neu to CMEC and CMSMC was measured by flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CMEC were subjected to hypoxia for 2 h followed by reoxygenation with TNF-alpha (2 micrograms.L-1) for 2 h, the adhesion rate of CMEC for Mon and Neu were increased to 35.0% +/- 0.9% and 36.0% +/- 0.6% (the TNF-alpha treated group was 28.9% +/- 1.1% and 28.8% +/- 1.3%), respectively. CMSMC were treated as above, the adhesion rate of Mon and Neu was enhanced to 49.9% +/- 0.4% and 43.9% +/- 1.4% (the TNF-alpha treated group was 34.0% +/- 1.9% and 34.0% +/- 1.3%), respectively. CMEC and CMSMC were treated by IL-1 alpha, similar results were obtained.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  H/R enhanced the adhesion of Mon and Neu to CMEC and CMSMC induced by TNF-alpha or IL-1 alpha.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Rui
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply; D002417:Cattle; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000166:cytology; D009000:Monocytes / Q000502:physiology; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha