title: Testicular and paratesticular tumours in children: 30 years' experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Testicular or paratesticular tumours in children are rare, making it difficult to achieve the best management for these life-threatening diseases. The aim of this study is to review patients during a 30-year period with these tumours and assess clinical aspects to improve management.
  
  
  METHODS
  The records of 68 patients from 1967 to 1996 were reviewed with respect to age at diagnosis, affected sites, presentation, clinical diagnosis, operation, pathology and prognosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most common presentation was a painless scrotal mass (84%). The most common testicular tumour was mature teratoma (n = 27) followed by yolk sac tumour (n = 17). Thirteen patients had paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma. Two teratocarcinomas, three leydig cell tumours, two sertoli cell tumours, one granulosa cell tumour, one fibroma, one gonadoblastoma, and one secondary tumour from acute myeloid leukaemia were found also. Testis-sparing surgery was performed in 21 of 33 patients with benign tumours (27 teratoma, three leydig cell tumours, two sertoli cell tumours, one fibroma), which caused no recurrence. Only two patients with rhabdomyosarcoma and one with mixed germ cell tumour died of their disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recent combined therapy with surgery and chemotherapy against primary testicular and paratesticular tumours has improved prognosis. Testis-sparing surgery should be considered for benign tumours.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugita
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Clarnette
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cooke-Yarborough
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Waters
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hutson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome