title: Endoscopic mucosal resection for early gastric cancer.
abstract: Progress in the detection of early gastric cancer has made endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) possible for the treatment of gastric cancer instead of only conventional surgical resection. The most commonly employed modalities include strip biopsy, double snare polypectomy, and resection with combined use of highly concentrated saline and epinephrine, and resection using a cap. The indications should be strictly limited to the differentiated IIa type (the slightly elevated type) that is smaller than 2 cm, or the differentiated IIc type (slightly depressed type) without ulcer formation and smaller than 1 cm. Both of these entities are thought to have a negligible risk of lymph node metastasis. Prognosis after this treatment is comparable that of surgical resection for early gastric cancer in completely resected cases. EMR also permits local resection in elderly patients with various complications who would be at risk for conventional surgical operations. EMR should be encouraged for treatment of gastric cancer if the indications are strictly chosen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Makuuchi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kise
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Chino
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005773:Gastroscopy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D018579:Patient Selection; D011127:Polyps / Q000601:surgery; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D004837:Epinephrine