title: Inhomogeneity in response to air pollution in European children (PEACE project).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The PEACE study is a multicentre panel study of the acute effects of particles with a 50% cut off aerodynamic diameter of 10 microns (PM10), black smoke (BS), sulphur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on respiratory health of children with chronic respiratory symptoms. In the complete panels no consistent association between air pollution and respiratory health was found. The study evaluated whether potentially more sensitive subgroups in the panels did show effects of air pollution.
  
  
  METHODS
  To evaluate heterogeneity in response to air pollution, effect estimates of air pollution on peak expiratory flow (PEF) and respiratory symptoms were calculated in subgroups based on presence of chronic respiratory symptoms, use of respiratory medication, atopy, sex, and baseline lung function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The association between PEF and air pollution was positive in asthmatic children who used respiratory medication whereas the associations tended to be negative in children who did not use respiratory medication selected only on cough. No consistent association was found among asthmatic children who did not use medication. The association between daily prevalence of symptoms and concentrations of air pollution was not different between these subgroups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  None of the predefined potentially more sensitive subgroups showed a consistent association between air pollution, PEF, and respiratory symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Environmental and Occupational Health Group, Agricultural University Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Roemer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Clench-Aas
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Englert
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hoek
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Katsouyanni
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pekkanen
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brunekreef
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006969:Hypersensitivity, Immediate / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D010366:Peak Expiratory Flow Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D012120:Respiration Disorders / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents