title: Severe hyperparathyroidism with hypercalcemia associated with chronic renal failure at pre-dialysis stage.
abstract: We report a case of a 23-year-old Japanese woman who had severe hyperparathyroidism associated with chronic renal failure before the start of dialysis treatment. Her chief complaints were swelling and pain in both shoulders. Laboratory examination revealed renal failure (BUN 134 mg/dl, serum Cr 7.3 mg/dl), severe normocytic normochromic anemia (hemoglobin 4.3 g/dl), hypercalcemia (11.8 mg/dl), and hyperphosphatemia (9.7 mg/dl). Serum PTH levels were extremely increased (intact PTH >1,000 pg/ml: normal range 10-50 pg/ml). X-ray examination of the skull and shoulders showed a salt and pepper appearance, and cauliflower-like deformity of the distal end of both clavicles, respectively. Accelerated ectopic calcification was observed in the costal cartilages, internal carotid arteries, and splenic arteries. Ultrasonographic examination revealed enlargement of the four parathyroid glands. Thallium-technetium subtraction scintigraphy of the parathyroid glands showed increased uptake into the upper two. Renal needle biopsy revealed severe impairment of the interstitium and tubules with much milder changes in glomeruli. The etiology of the renal failure could not be identified. Hemodialysis, total parathyroidectomy and auto-transplantation into the forearm were immediately performed. The pathological diagnosis was chief cell hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands. Based on the presence of chronic renal failure, remarkable hyperphosphatemia with mild hypercalcemia, an unusually high level of serum PTH, and accelerated ectopic calcification, the patient was diagnosed to have severe secondary hyperparathyroidism caused by chronic renal failure with major impairment of the renal interstitium and tubules.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Takasaki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shionoiri
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yabana
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamijo
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakatani
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Umemura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000740:Anemia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006934:Hypercalcemia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006961:Hyperparathyroidism / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000473:pathology; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000473:pathology; D010280:Parathyroid Glands / Q000473:pathology; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D016105:Parathyroidectomy; D010710:Phosphates / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D010710:Phosphates