title: Effect of rubber dam on mercury exposure during amalgam removal.
abstract: It was the aim of this investigation to treat 20 volunteers with maximally 5 amalgam fillings by the same comprehensive protocol in which all removals with (n = 8) and without (n = 12) rubber dam had been performed within a few months. Nine amalgam-related parameters indicated a close matching of both groups before removal. In the group without rubber dam, mercury (Hg) levels in plasma increased significantly above preremoval values at days 1 and 3 after removal; they decreased significantly below preremoval values at day 30 in the rubber-dam group and at day 100 in both groups. Excretion rates did not increase significantly in either group, but decreased significantly at day 100 in the protected group. Peak plasma-Hg was 0.6 ng/mL on average at day one and decreased with halftimes of 3 and 43 d in subjects protected by rubber dam. The results indicated that concentrations of total mercury in plasma responded rapidly to changes in the amalgam status and reflected the actual absorption most reliably. Notably, plasma-Hg levels were sensitive enough to detect a transient attenuation of the additional exposure by using rubber dam during the removal of only a few fillings. However, being small in magnitude and lasting 100 d at best, the rubber-dam effect had minor toxicological relevance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kremers
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Halbach
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Willruth
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mehl
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Welzl
authors.forename: F X
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Wack
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hickel
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Greim
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000328:Adult; D003723:Dental Amalgam / Q000737:chemistry; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008628:Mercury / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000652:urine; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016733:Rubber Dams; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D003723:Dental Amalgam; D008628:Mercury