title: Comparative in vitro activities of ciprofloxacin, clinafloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and trovafloxacin against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter cloacae, and Enterobacter aerogenes clinical isolates with alterations in GyrA and ParC proteins.
abstract: The in vitro activities of ciprofloxacin, clinafloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and trovafloxacin were tested against 72 ciprofloxacin-resistant and 28 ciprofloxacin-susceptible isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter cloacae, and Enterobacter aerogenes. Irrespective of the alterations in GyrA and ParC proteins, clinafloxacin exhibited greater activity than all other fluoroquinolones tested against K. pneumoniae and E. aerogenes.
authors.affiliation: Eijkman-Winkler Institute, Utrecht University, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands. sbrisse@lab.azu.nl
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brisse
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Milatovic
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Fluit
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Verhoef
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Scheuring
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Köhrer
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Schmitz
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001372:Aza Compounds; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D027081:DNA Gyrase; D027101:DNA Topoisomerase IV; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D016972:Enterobacter cloacae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D000077734:Gatifloxacin; D006801:Humans; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D064704:Levofloxacin; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D000077266:Moxifloxacin; D009287:Naphthyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D015242:Ofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D011804:Quinolines
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D001372:Aza Compounds; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D009287:Naphthyridines; D011804:Quinolines; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D064704:Levofloxacin; C057477:clinafloxacin; C080163:trovafloxacin; D015242:Ofloxacin; D027101:DNA Topoisomerase IV; D027081:DNA Gyrase; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II; D000077734:Gatifloxacin; D000077266:Moxifloxacin