title: Viral induction, transmission and apoptosis among cells infected by a Human Intracisternal A-type retrovirus.
abstract: Sjogren's Syndrome, a systemic autoimmune disease, is characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the salivary or lacrimal glands, producing xerostomia or xerophthalmia. Although definitive proof of viral etiology has not been established, a cell line containing viral particles termed Human Intracisternal A-type Particles (HIAP) resulted from co-culture with patient lip biopsies. We stimulated these chronically infected cells with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) in an effort to enhance production of viral particles for further characterization. We report that the virus present in the HIAP cell line can be induced to become lytic when subjected to PMA and that there is a difference in the effects of PMA on H9 and HIAP cell groups, with apparent protection from apoptosis due to PMA being exerted by viral presence. Delayed apoptosis may prolong exposure of the foreign/self complex, thus enhancing an autoimmune response. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) revealed the presence of new peptides in pellets of supernatants of PMA-stimulated HIAP cells, with prominent bands at 55 and 43 kDa, and several fainter ones. HIAP infection was transferred by cell-free filtered supernatants from stimulated cells to H9 cells, which became identical to parent HIAP cells by PAGE and fluorescence activated cell sorter.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans 70112, USA.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Deas
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Fermin
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Garry
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Gallaher
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D020077:Endogenous Retroviruses / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D007426:Genes, Intracisternal A-Particle; D006801:Humans; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate