title: Laryngeal tuberculosis in renal transplant recipients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tuberculosis is the most common non-pyogenic infection encountered among renal transplant recipients in India. Although the lung is the most common site of involvement, a number of extrapulmonary organs can be involved. There is often a delay in diagnosis and institution of effective chemotherapy when there is an unusual site of involvement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We report two renal transplant recipients with laryngeal tuberculosis who presented with prolonged hoarseness of voice and painful dysphagia. Acid-fast bacilli were demonstrated on laryngeal biopsy and smear. Fever and pulmonary involvement were seen in only one patient. This is the first report of laryngeal tuberculosis in renal transplant recipients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laryngeal tuberculosis should be suspected in renal transplant recipients who develop hoarseness of voice and odynophagia. Demonstration of acid-fast bacilli on biopsy or smear obtained by direct laryngoscopy helps in determining the diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jha
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kohli
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sud
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Minz
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sakhuja
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009894:Opportunistic Infections / Q000150:complications; D014387:Tuberculosis, Laryngeal / Q000150:complications*