title: An indigo-reducing moderate thermophile from a woad vat, Clostridium isatidis sp. nov.
abstract: A Gram-positive, anaerobic, moderate thermophile, strain Wv6T, capable of reducing indigo dye, was isolated from a fermenting woad vat prepared essentially as in medieval Europe. Strain Wv6T formed rod-shaped cells, which occurred singly, in pairs or in chains and produced terminal oval endospores. Strain Wv6T was saccharolytic. Growth occurred at pH 5.9-9.9 (initial pH) with an optimum at 50 degrees C of pH 7.2 +/- 0.2 (constant pH). At pH 7.8, the temperature range for growth was 30-55 degrees C with the optimum at 49-52 degrees C. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that the bacterium represents a hitherto unknown subline within rRNA cluster I Clostridium. Based on the results of the phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic criteria, it is proposed that the unknown moderate thermophile should be classified as Clostridium isatidis sp. nov., a new species of the genus Clostridium. The type strain of Clostridium isatidis is strain Wv6T (= NCFB 3071T).
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Botany, University of Reading, UK. a.n.padden@reading.ac.uk
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Padden
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Dillon
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Edmonds
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: John
mesh_terms: D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D003013:Clostridium / Q000145:classification* / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D020459:Genes, rRNA; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007203:Indigo Carmine; D007211:Indoles / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010802:Phylogeny; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology*; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D007211:Indoles; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D007203:Indigo Carmine