title: Costochondral grafts replacing the mandibular condyle.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the success rate of costochondral bone grafts used to replace absent or nonfunctioning temporomandibular joints and the subsequent growth of these grafts when placed in young children.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a retrospective study of all cases with adequate follow-up records that were treated at the Craniofacial Centre at Toronto's The Hospital for Sick Children from 1974-1986. A total of 55 patients were evaluated, of whom 13 were growing children.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The findings suggest that there was increased success when surgery was performed at an early age. Poorer results were achieved when previous surgery had been performed or when pathology was present. Growth of the graft did not always equal the growth of the "normal" side, but in most cases a satisfactory symmetry was achieved. Several cases exhibited excessive overgrowth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgery at 4 to 5 years of age will alleviate the impact of a severe facial deformity on the child during the early school years, when self-esteem is fragile and patterns of social interactions are developing. Development of the dentition is better if the jaw relationship is close to normal at an early age. It would appear that early temporomandibular joint (TMJ) construction by costochondral grafting is, at present, the method of choice for severe hemifacial microsomia.
authors.affiliation: Craniofacial Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada. bruce.ross@sickkids.on.ca
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Ross
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002356:Cartilage / Q000637:transplantation*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005146:Facial Asymmetry / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery*; D008445:Maxillofacial Development; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012272:Ribs / Q000637:transplantation*; D013704:Temporomandibular Joint / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome