title: Three-dimensional analysis with MRI and PET of the size, shape, and function of the thalamus in the schizophrenia spectrum.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In an exploration of the schizophrenia spectrum, the authors compared thalamic size, shape, and metabolic activity in unmedicated patients with schizophrenia and schizotypal personality disorder to findings in age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Coregistered magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography scans were obtained in 27 schizophrenic patients, 13 patients with schizotypal personality disorder, and 32 control subjects who performed a serial verbal learning test during tracer uptake. After thalamus edges were outlined on 1.2-mm MRI scans, a radial warping program yielded significance probability mapping in three dimensions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significance probability mapping (with resampling) identified an area in the region of the mediodorsal nucleus bilaterally with significantly lower relative metabolism in the schizophrenia group than in either the control or schizotypal personality disorder groups, which did not differ from each other. The three groups did not differ significantly in total thalamic volume in square millimeters or thalamic volume relative to brain volume. Shape analyses revealed that schizophrenic patients had significantly fewer pixels in the left anterior region, whereas patients with schizotypal personality disorder had significantly fewer pixels in the region of the right mediodorsal nucleus than did control subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Schizophrenic patients showed significant metabolism and shape differences from control subjects in selective subregions of the thalamus, whereas patients with schizotypal personality disorder showed only a difference in shape. Because the mediodorsal and anterior nuclei have different connections with limbic and prefrontal structures, the anterior thalamic shrinkage and mediodorsal metabolic and shape changes might relate to the different clinical pictures in schizotypal personality disorder and schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA. hazlett@msvax.mssm.edu
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Hazlett
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Buchsbaum
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Byne
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Spiegel-Cohen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Geneve
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kinderlehrer
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Haznedar
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shihabuddin
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Siever
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D012569:Schizotypal Personality Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D013787:Thalamic Nuclei / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D013788:Thalamus / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed; D014706:Verbal Learning / Q000502:physiology