title: Prevalence and characteristics of voiding difficulties in women: are subjective symptoms substantiated by objective urodynamic data?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the prevalence and characteristics of voiding difficulties in women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred six consecutive female patients who attended a urogynecology clinic were recruited. Patients were interviewed regarding the presence and severity of symptoms that would suggest voiding difficulties (ie, hesitancy, straining to void, weak or prolonged stream, intermittent stream, double voiding, incomplete emptying, reduction, and positional changes to start or complete voiding). Urodynamic evidence of voiding difficulty was considered as a peak flow rate less than 12 mL/s (voided volume greater than 100 mL), or residual urine volume greater than 150 mL, on two or more readings. Residual urinary volume, flow patterns, and pressure-flow parameters were analyzed and compared between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients who had urodynamic parameters of voiding difficulties.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred twenty-seven (61.7%) women reported having voiding difficulty symptoms; 79 others (38.3%) were free of such symptoms. Urodynamic diagnosis of voiding difficulty was made in 40 women (19.4% of the study population): 27 in the symptomatic group and 13 in the asymptomatic group (21.2% and 16.5%, respectively). Only 1 patient had voiding difficulty due to bladder outlet obstruction. All other cases of low flow rate were due to impaired detrusor contractility.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Objective evidence of voiding difficulty may be found in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients and is usually due to impaired detrusor contractility. The clinical significance of the abnormal flow parameters in asymptomatic patients is unclear.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lis Maternity Hospital, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Groutz
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lessing
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Wolman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jaffa
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: David
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D014563:Urodynamics