title: Excimer laser assisted extraction of permanent pacemaker and ICD leads: present experiences of a European multi-centre study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Excimer Laser technique can be used to extract leads. We present the European multi-centre experience.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Spectranetics Excimer Laser is a Xenon-Chloride laser with a wavelength of 308 nm, not visible to the human eye. This cool cutting laser (50 degrees C) has an absorption depth of 0.06 mm. The laser energy is emitted from the tip of flexible 12, 14 or 16 French (Fr) probes and is absorbed by proteins and lipids. The fibrotic sheaths usually surrounding leads can be cut without damaging the endothelial wall or the insulation of other leads.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From August 1996 to August 1998, 179 leads (104 atrial, 57 ventricular, one SVC, 17 ICD) in 149 patients (mean age 68.3 years, range 14-94) were extracted in 11 centres. Mean implantation time was 68.3 months (2.8-357.8). Most common indications were patient morbidity, non-function, pocket infection, septicaemia or endocarditis. Median extraction time was 10 min (1-189). Most procedures (78%) were performed in operating rooms. Complete extraction was achieved in 89.5% of the leads, 6% were partially extracted and 4.5% of the extractions failed. In the majority of the partial cases, only minor lead parts without clinical significance were left. Of the failures, 3/8 were completely removed by femoral non-laser approach, 1/8 with a right subclavian approach and 1/8 with thoracotomy. Complications were few but included one ventricular perforation that did not need surgery; two other perforations were related to the reimplantation of leads and required surgery. Mean hospital stay was 3 days and all patients were discharged well and alive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Excimer Laser assisted lead extraction is a safe and efficacious procedure. Open-chest extractions are still necessary but can be limited to very selected cases. These initial results may widen indications from mandatory to include the extraction of many non-functional leads, previously abandoned.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden. kennergren@swipnet.se
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kennergren
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial