title: [Clinical and metabolic features of renal calculi in adults in regard to age of onset].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this paper, the clinical and metabolic patterns of nephrolithiasis in different ages of adulthood are studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight-hundred patients observed at the Mauriziano Hospital between 1990 and 1995, were classified into 3 groups, on the basis of age at the onset of disease: A: 20 through 39 years; B: 40 through 59; C: 60 years and over.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Calcium-oxalate stones had a lower recurrence in C (19.1%) and B (31.5%) than in A (41.7%). Pure uric acid stones recurred in 18.9% of C, 16.7% of B and 4.3% of A. The prevalence of hypercalciuria was higher in A (50.3%) than in B (35.9%) and C (36%); so did hypocitraturia. Hyperuricuria was lower in A (5%, p < 0.05) than in B (9.4%) and C (10%). Low urine pH (< 5.5) was 13% in A, 21.3% in B, 38% in C. Prevalence of hyperoxaluria was about 14% in all groups. The whole prevalence of secondary forms of stone disease was 13% in A, 12% in B and 30% in C. Differences among groups were mainly due to prevalence of urological abnormalities and urinary tract infection. In patients without metabolic disturbances. urological abnormalities or urinary tract infections altogether, were 4.6% in A; 5.2% in B; 33% in C. Urological approach removed 8% of stones in A, 5.6% in B and 10.2% in C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher morbidity in younger patients could be due to a lower prevalence of easier-passing uric acid stones. The higher occurrence of urological disturbances and struvite stones in the elderly could explain the higher morbidity in this group.
authors.affiliation: Centro Calcolosi Renale, U.O. di Nefrologia e Dialisi, Ospedale Mauriziano Umberto I, Torino.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vitale
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tricerri
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manganaro
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bagnis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bruno
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marangella
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramello
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D002118:Calcium / Q000652:urine; D002129:Calcium Oxalate / Q000032:analysis; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000032:analysis; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000652:urine; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000737:chemistry / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000652:urine; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D017616:Magnesium Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019815:Oxalic Acid / Q000652:urine; D010710:Phosphates / Q000032:analysis; D015995:Prevalence; D011704:Pyelonephritis / Q000453:epidemiology; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000069877:Struvite; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000652:urine; D014551:Urinary Tract / Q000002:abnormalities; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D017616:Magnesium Compounds; D010710:Phosphates; C485828:alpha-tricalcium phosphate; C485830:tetracalcium phosphate; D002129:Calcium Oxalate; D014527:Uric Acid; D019343:Citric Acid; C485838:calcium phosphate, monobasic, anhydrous; C020243:calcium phosphate; D019815:Oxalic Acid; D000069877:Struvite; C485829:calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous; D002118:Calcium
vernacular_title: Aspetti clinici e metabolici della calcolosi renale nell'adulto in relazione all'età di insorgenza.