title: Intratumoral heterogeneity of DNA content in renal cell carcinoma and its prognostic significance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A multiple sampling study was performed on 124 specimens of renal cell carcinomas to analyze the consistency and reliability of DNA measurements. The authors investigated intratumoral DNA heterogeneity and its role as a adverse prognostic factor for disease progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  DNA content was analyzed by flow cytometry on three different samples of the same tumor. The Cronbach alpha coefficient was used to assess the reliability and a Cox proportional hazards model was used to test the effect of DNA ploidy heterogeneity on time of disease progression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The agreement among the DNA ploidy samples was high. The number of aneuploid findings increased significantly with the number of samples analyzed. The presence of non-diploid cell populations was a significant adverse predictive value for disease progression. However, the authors were unable to demonstrate that intratumoral heterogeneity DNA content had any influence on the biological behavior of the tumor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Determination of DNA ploidy based on single samples may be inaccurate. Spatial variation in DNA ploidy is a feature of renal cell carcinoma; however, its biologic significance remains to be demonstrated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, La Fe University Hospital, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Cerdá
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sempere
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: B F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Kimler
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Cruz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011003:Ploidies; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm