title: Heparin after percutaneous intervention (HAPI): a prospective multicenter randomized trial of three heparin regimens after successful coronary intervention.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of bleeding, vascular, and ischemic complications using three different heparin regimens after successful intervention.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The ideal dose and duration of heparin infusion after successful coronary intervention is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomized to one of three heparin strategies after coronary intervention: Group 1 (n = 157 patients) received prolonged (12 to 24 h) heparin infusion followed by sheath removal; Group 2 (n = 120 patients) underwent early removal of sheaths, followed by reinstitution of heparin infusion for 12 to 18 h; Group 3 (n = 137 patients) did not receive any further heparin after intervention with early sheath removal. The primary end point of the study was the combined incidence of in-hospital bleeding and vascular events. Secondary end points included in-hospital ischemic events, length of stay, cost and one-month outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After successful coronary intervention, 414 patients were randomized. Unstable angina or postinfarction angina was present in 83% of patients before intervention. The combined incidence of bleeding and vascular events was 21% in Group 1, 14% in Group 2 and 8% in Group 3 (p = 0.01). The overall incidence of in-hospital ischemic complications was 2.2%; there were no differences between groups. Length of hospital stay was shorter (p = 0.033) and adjusted hospital cost was lower (p < 0.001) for Group 3. At 30 days, the incidence of delayed cardiac and vascular events was similar for all three groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Heparin infusion after successful coronary intervention is associated with more minor bleeding and vascular injury, prolonged length of stay and increased cost. In-hospital and one-month ischemic events rarely occur after successful intervention, irrespective of heparin use. Routine postprocedure heparin is not recommended, even in patients who present with unstable ischemic syndromes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rabah
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Muller
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hundley
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Kugelmass
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Weiner
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cannon
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: O'Neill
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Safian
mesh_terms: D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D017225:Atherectomy, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000293:injuries; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced; D006493:Heparin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000209:etiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014914:Whole Blood Coagulation Time
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D006493:Heparin