title: CD22 cross-linking generates B-cell antigen receptor-independent signals that activate the JNK/SAPK signaling cascade.
abstract: CD22 is a B-cell-specific adhesion molecule that modulates BCR-mediated signal transduction. Ligation of human CD22 with monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) that block the ligand binding site triggers rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of CD22 and primary B-cell proliferation. Because extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) couple upstream signaling pathways to gene activation and are activated by B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling, we examined whether CD22 ligation also activated ERKs and/or modified BCR-induced ERK activation. Ligation of CD22 on either primary B cells or B-cell lines failed to significantly activate the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) ERK-2, but did activate the stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs; c-jun NH2-terminal kinases or JNKs). In contrast, BCR ligation resulted in ERK-2 activation without significant SAPK activation. Concurrent ligation of CD22 and BCR enhanced BCR-mediated ERK-2 activation without appreciably modulating CD22-induced SAPK activation. Consistent with its induction of SAPK activity, there was a marked increase in nuclear extracts of activator protein-1 (AP-1) and c-jun levels within 2 hours of exposure of primary B cells to the CD22 MoAb. Despite their differences in ERK activation, both CD22 and BCR ligation triggered several Burkitt lymphoma cell lines to undergo apoptosis, and the 2 stimuli together induced greater cell death than either signal alone. The pro-apoptotic effects were CD22-blocking MoAb-specific and dose-dependent. Examination of expression levels of Bcl-2 protoncogene family members (Bcl-2, Bcl-x(L), Mcl-1, and Bax) showed a downregulation of Bcl-x(L) and Mcl-1 after CD22 ligation. This study provides a plausible mechanism to explain how CD22 and BCR signaling can costimulate B-cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in Burkitt lymphoma cell lines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, UC Davis Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Tuscano
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Riva
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Toscano
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Tedder
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kehrl
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000276:immunology*; D000944:Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte / Q000276:immunology*; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006801:Humans; D037102:Lectins; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000276:immunology*; D051918:Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 2; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000944:Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte; C497867:CD22 protein, human; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D037102:Lectins; D051918:Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 2; D011494:Protein Kinases