title: Mitochondrial medicine--recent advances.
abstract: Mitochondria contain the respiratory chain enzyme complexes that carry out oxidative phosphorylation and produce the main part of cellular energy in the form of ATP. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes essential subunits of the respiratory chain and is thus critical for maintaining cellular energy production. The first pathogenic mtDNA mutations were reported in 1988, and today more than 50 disease-causing mtDNA mutations have been identified. In addition, mtDNA mutations have been implicated in ageing and in common disorders such as diabetes mellitus, heart failure and Parkinson's disease. This review will summarize recent advances in the rapidly expanding field of mitochondrial medicine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Graff
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Clayton
authors.forename: N G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Larsson
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism*; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism; D017353:Gene Deletion; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D006801:Humans; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008929:Mitochondria, Heart / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010766:Phosphorylation
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D005609:Free Radicals