title: Synergistic growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis by a novel mixed backbone antisense oligonucleotide targeting CRIPTO in combination with C225 anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody and 8-Cl-cAMP in human GEO colon cancer cells.
abstract: We have evaluated the antiproliferative effect of a novel mixed backbone antisense oligonucleotide generated against the 5'-coding region of the human CRIPTO mRNA in GEO human colon cancer cells. We have also evaluated the effects of this anti-CRIPTO antisense oligonucleotide in combination with a chimeric anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody (MAb C225) and with 8-Cl-cAMP, a cAMP analog that specifically inhibits type I protein kinase A (PKAI), since a functional EGFR-driven autocrine pathway is operative and PKAI is overexpessed in GEO colon cancer cells. Treatment with a single agent at low doses determined a 15-35% growth inhibition. A synergistic antiproliferative effect was observed when combinations of two agents were used with a co-operativity quotient ranging between 1.5 and 2.2. Furthermore, the combined treatment with all three drugs caused an almost complete suppression of the ability of GEO cells to form colonies in soft agar. We next evaluated whether any combination of 8-Cl-cAMP, the anti-CRIPTO antisense oligonucleotide and MAb C225 could induce programmed cell death in GEO cells. Treatment with each agent alone at all doses tested did not cause DNA fragmentation. The treatment with any combination of two agents was not able to induce apoptosis. In contrast, treatment with all three compounds determined an approximately three-fold increase in DNA fragmentation. In conclusion, the combination of selective antineoplastic agents directed against different but related key signal tranduction pathways efficiently inhibits cell growth and causes apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Oncologia Sperimentale D, ITN-Fondazione Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Normanno
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tortora
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Luca
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pomatico
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Casamassimi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Agrawal
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mendelsohn
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Bianco
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ciardiello
mesh_terms: D015124:8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D000068818:Cetuximab; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D018390:Gene Targeting; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000235:genetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D006133:Growth Substances; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C070636:TDGF1 protein, human; D015124:8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; C044258:8-chloro-cyclic adenosine monophosphate; D000068818:Cetuximab