title: The conserved KNOX domain mediates specificity of tobacco KNOTTED1-type homeodomain proteins.
abstract: Overproduction of the tobacco KNOTTED1-type homeodomain proteins NTH1, NTH15, and NTH23 in transgenic tobacco plants causes mild, severe, and no morphological alterations, respectively. The deduced amino acid sequences of the homeodomains and adjacent ELK domains are highly conserved, and the N-terminal KNOX domains also are moderately conserved. To investigate the contributions of both the conserved and divergent regions to the severity of morphological alterations, we generated chimeric proteins by exchanging different regions of NTH1, NTH15, and NTH23. The severity of the abnormal phenotype was dependent upon the synergistic action of both the N terminus, containing the KNOX domain, and the C terminus, containing the ELK homeodomain. Detailed analysis focusing on the C terminus revealed that the C-terminal half of the ELK domain is more effective in inducing the abnormal phenotypes than are the homeodomains. For the N terminus, severe morphological alterations were induced by exchanging a part of the KNOX domain of NTH1 with the corresponding region of NTH15. This limited region in the KNOX domain of all homeodomain proteins includes a predicted alpha-helical region, but only that in NTH15 is predicted to form a typical amphipathic structure. We discuss the possibility, based on these results, that the secondary structure of the KNOX domain is important for the induction of abnormal morphology in transgenic tobacco plants.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0006, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tamaoki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuba
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iwahori
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuoka
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009024:Morphogenesis / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D010940:Plant Proteins; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D010947:Plants, Toxic; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development*; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005656:Fungal Proteins; C052130:GAL4 protein, S cerevisiae; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C095848:Kn1 protein, plant; D010940:Plant Proteins; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors