title: Effects of selective nitric oxide synthase inhibition in hyperdynamic endotoxemia in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our aims were to investigate the systemic hemodynamic effects of constitutive endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS) inhibitors in hyperdynamic endotoxemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Group 1 comprised sham-operated controls, while in group 2, 3 and 4, a hyperdynamic circulatory reaction was elicited by a 2-hour infusion of Escherichia coli endotoxin (ETX) in a dose of 5.3 microg/kg. The animals in group 3 were treated with 12. 5 mg/kg nonselective NOS inhibitor N-omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), and those in group 4 with 2 mg/kg of the specific iNOS inhibitor S-methyl-isothiourea (SMT). Mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output (CO) and myocardial contractility (MC) were measured, and total peripheral resistance (TPR) was calculated. The eNOS and iNOS activities were determined in myocardial biopsy samples taken after 8 h of endotoxemia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ETX induced significant decreases in TPR and MAP, a transient myocardial depression, and increased the myocardial eNOS and iNOS activities. L-NAME decreased the activities of both isoenzymes, increased MC but induced a fall in CO. SMT inhibited iNOS by 60%, without influencing the eNOS activity, increased MAP and contractility in the early phase of endotoxemia, and induced only a slight decrease in CO.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nonselective NOS inhibition restores the arterial pressure and exerts a positive inotropic effect, but decreases CO. SMT selectively decreases the iNOS activation without disturbing the vasoregulatory function of the eNOS-derived nitric oxide in hyperdynamic endotoxemia in the dog.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental Surgery, Szent-Györgyi Albert Medical University, Szeged, Hungary. wolfard@expsur.szote.u-szeged.hu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wolfárd
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaszaki
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Szabó
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Balogh
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagy
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boros
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001706:Biopsy; D004285:Dogs; D019446:Endotoxemia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000633:toxicity; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004926:Escherichia coli; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D007550:Isothiuronium / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology*; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III
chemical_list: D004731:Endotoxins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007550:Isothiuronium; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C027744:S-methylisothiopseudouronium; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester