title: Bioavailability of etoposide after oral administration of the solution marketed for intravenous use: therapeutic and pharmacoeconomic perspectives.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oral etoposide administration is a suitable alternative to the intravenous route; therefore, commercial capsules have been developed. Before these capsules were available in Mexico, we studied drug bioavailability after oral administration of the intravenous etoposide solution (IVES).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight adult cancer patients received a 50-mg oral etoposide dose as IVES and blood samples were collected over a period of 24 h. Plasma etoposide concentration was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, plasma concentration against time curves were constructed, and bioavailability parameters were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oral IVES yielded an adequate bioavailability profile because Cmax was 2.38 +/- 0.30 micrograms/mL, AUC was 12.87 +/- 2.02 micrograms/mL and half-life was 6.72 +/- 0.97 h.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Considering that the pharmacokinetic aim is to maintain plasma concentrations between 0.5 and 1.0 microgram/mL for several hours while avoiding high concentrations, i.e., of 10 micrograms/mL or higher, oral administration of 50-mg etoposide as IVES appears to be a suitable dosing option. In addition, oral IVES is considerably less expensive than intravenous administration in terms of both drug presentation and administration.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México, D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Aguilar Ponce
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Flores-Picazo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pérez-Urizar
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Castañeda-Hernández
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Zinser-Sierra
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dueñas-González
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Calderón-Flores
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Segura-Pacheco
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de la Garza-Salazar
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001682:Biological Availability; D017850:Economics, Pharmaceutical; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012996:Solutions
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D012996:Solutions; D005047:Etoposide