title: Combined use of pulsed and color M-mode Doppler echocardiography for the estimation of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure: an empirical approach based on an analytical relation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought a noninvasive estimation of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (Pw) by means of the information obtained from transmitral pulsed Doppler and color M-mode Doppler flow propagation velocity (FPV).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Pulsed Doppler parameters have limited accuracy for the estimation of Pw because they are determined by left atrial pressure and other parameters such as ventricular relaxation. Recently, a good correlation has been found between the rate of ventricular relaxation (tau, tau) and FPV measured by color M-mode Doppler echocardiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 20 patients who underwent invasive hemodynamic monitoring. By multilinear regression analysis, the relationships between Pw and Doppler parameters, FPV, and a noninvasive estimate (P(est)) based on the Weiss' equation (substituting tau for 1/FPV) were determined. A simplified index based on the results obtained was then tested in an additional group of 34 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By multiple regression analysis only isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) (p = 0.0096) and P(est) (p = 0.0043) were related to Pw. A derived empirical index, 10(3)/([2 x IVRT] + FPV), was strongly correlated with Pw in the entire group according to the regression equation Pw = 4.5 x (10(3)/[[2 x IVRT] + FPV]) - 9 (r = 0.89, p < 0.0001, [standard error of the estimate] SEE = 3.3 mm Hg). The sensitivity and specificity for the prediction of Pw > 15 mm Hg were 90% and 100%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combined use of FPV as a surrogate for tau and IVRT permits a close prediction of Pw.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Section, Service of Internal Medicine, Hospital General Yagüe, Burgos, Spain. fvilches@hgy.es
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Vilchez
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ares
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ayuela
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Alonso
mesh_terms: D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination / Q000379:methods; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; D018619:Echocardiography, Doppler, Pulsed; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011669:Pulmonary Wedge Pressure; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left