title: Measurement of low dietary fiber intake as a risk factor for chronic constipation in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Scarce information exists regarding dietary fiber intake in children with chronic constipation. The objective of this case-control study was to evaluate the intake of fiber as a risk factor for chronic constipation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-two children with a mean age of 6.8+/-3.2 years who had chronic constipation were age and gender matched with 52 children with normal intestinal habits. The fiber content of the diet was evaluated with a 24-hour dietary recall. Two tables of fiber composition in foods were used: a Brazilian table, and a table based on the method of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (AOAC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to the Brazilian table, the median intake of fiber (in grams per day) by the constipated and the control groups was 13.8 and 17.3, respectively, for total fiber (p = 0.020), 6.8 and 9.7 for insoluble fiber (p = 0.004), and 6.5 and 7.6 for soluble fiber (p = 0.104). According to the AOAC table, the constipation group (9.7 g/day) also had lower (p = 0.0022) intake of total fiber than the control group (12.6 g/day). The coefficient of correlation between the two tables on fiber content of food was +0.82 (p < 0.001) in the constipation group and +0.86 (p < 0.001) in the control group. The intake of fiber was less than the minimum recommendation (age + 5 g) and statistically associated (p = 0.001) with the constipation group (75.0%) in comparison with the controls (42.5%). The odds ratio was 4.1 (95% confidence limits, 1.64-10.32).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intake of fiber below the minimum recommendation is a risk factor for chronic constipation in children.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Morais
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Vítolo
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Aguirre
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Fagundes-Neto
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003248:Constipation / Q000209:etiology*; D004032:Diet; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D012307:Risk Factors