title: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy and gallbladder cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was designed to assess the treatment of patients in whom gallbladder cancer was diagnosed in the course of histological examination of their gallbladders, which were removed during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six (0.29%) cancers were found among 2,017 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Four of these cancers (0.22%) were in 1,831 gallbladders with normal walls, two (1.0%) were in 186 with thicker walls, and two (1.8%) were in 109 patients in whom conversion was necessary because of extensive inflammation and thickening of gallbladder wall.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In two cases, the cancer did not cross the muscular layer. In one of them, no further treatment was undertaken. In the second case, liver resection and lymphadenectomy was performed. In the other four cases, dissemination was diagnosed during laparotomy, precluding radical treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thickened and infiltrated gallbladder walls in patients without preoperative symptoms of cholecystitis should raise a suspicion of cancer. The surgeon should be prepared to perform a conversion, an intraoperative histological examination, and an appropriate radical operation, if necessary.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of General Surgery, Collegium Medicum of Jagiellonian University, ul. Kopernika 21, 31-501 Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wysocki
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bobrzynski
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Krzywon
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Budzynski
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic; D005260:Female; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged