title: Reactive oxygen species modulate endothelin-I-induced c-fos gene expression in cardiomyocytes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species (ROS) may act as second messengers in receptor-mediated signaling pathways. The possible role of ROS during Et-1 stimulation in cardiomyocytes was therefore investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intracellular ROS levels were measured with fluorescence probe 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate by confocal microscopy in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. The ROS-inducible c-fos expression was analyzed by Northern blotting and promoter activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Et-1 applied to cardiomyocytes dose-dependently increased intracellular ROS levels. The increase of ROS levels was attenuated by pretreating cardiomyocytes with Et-A receptor antagonist-BQ485, but not with Et-B receptor antagonist. Cardiomyocytes pretreated with catalase or an antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) reduced Et-1-induced ROS levels. Et-1 or H2O2 treatment of cardiomyocytes rapidly induced the expression of an immediate early gene c-fos. Et-1-treated cardiomyocytes enhanced the c-fos gene expression as revealed by functional analysis using a reporter gene construct containing c-fos promoter region (-2.25 kb) and reporter gene chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. The induction of mRNA levels and the promoter activities of c-fos gene by Et-1 or H2O2 were abolished by pretreating cardiomyocytes with catalase or NAC. Cells transiently transfected with the dominant positive mutant of p21ras (RasL61) led to a significant increase in intracellular ROS. Concomitantly, the mRNA levels and the promoter activities of c-fos were also induced. In contrast, cells transfected with the dominant negative mutant of Ras (RasN17) inhibited Et-1-induced ROS. Consistently, the increase of c-fos mRNA levels and promoter activities by Et-1 were also inhibited.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings clearly indicate that Et-1 treatment to cardiomyocytes can induce ROS via Ras pathway and the increased ROS are involved in the increase of c-fos expression. Our studies thus emphasize the importance of ROS as second messengers in Et-1-induced responses on cardiomyocytes.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D016762:Genes, fos; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000502:physiology*; D015290:Second Messenger Systems
chemical_list: D019332:Endothelin-1; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species