title: Pregnancy after tubal sterilization with bipolar electrocoagulation. U.S. Collaborative Review of Sterilization Working Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine risk factors for pregnancy after tubal sterilization with bipolar electrocoagulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 2267 women who had bipolar electrocoagulation were followed for up to 8 to 14 years as part of a multicenter, prospective, cohort study conducted in medical centers in nine United States cities. We used proportional hazards analysis and cumulative life-table probabilities to assess pregnancy risk in these women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 5-year cumulative probability of pregnancy for women sterilized in 1978-1982 was 19.5 per 1000 procedures (95% confidence interval [CI], 12.2, 26.9); the comparable probability for women sterilized in 1985-1987 was significantly lower, 6.3 per 1000 procedures (95% CI, 0.0, 13.5) (one-tailed P = .01). Women enrolled in 1985-1987 who had fewer than three sites of coagulation had a probability of failure of 12.9 per 1000 procedures (95% CI, 0.0, 38.0); by contrast, women who had three or more sites coagulated had a probability of failure of 3.2 per 1000 procedures (95% CI, 0.0, 9.6) (one-tailed P = .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The long-term probability of pregnancy after tubal sterilization with bipolar coagulation was very low when three or more sites of the fallopian tube were coagulated. Bipolar coagulating systems can be highly effective for sterilization when the fallopian tube is coagulated adequately.
authors.affiliation: Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3724, USA.
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Wilcox
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Tylor
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Trussell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004564:Electrocoagulation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013246:Sterilization, Tubal / Q000379:methods*