title: The effects of acute doses of standardized Ginkgo biloba extract on memory and psychomotor performance in volunteers.
abstract: This study investigated the effects of acute doses of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) on memory and psychomotor performance in a randomized, double-blind and placebo controlled 5-way cross-over design. Thirty-one volunteers aged 30-59 years received GBE 150 mg (50 mg t. d.s), GBE 300 mg (100 mg t.d.s.), GBE 120 mg mane and GBE 240 mg mane and placebo for 2 days. Following baseline measures, the medication was administered at 0900 h for the single doses and at 0900, 1500 and 2100 h for the multiple doses. The psychometric test battery was administered pre-dose (0830 h) and then at frequent intervals until 11 h post dose. The results confirm that the effects of GBE extract on aspects of cognition in asymptomatic volunteers are more pronounced for memory, particularly working memory. They also show that these effects may be dose dependent though not in a linear dose related manner, and that GBE 120 mg produces the most evident effects of the doses examined. Additionally, the results suggest that the cognitive enhancing effects of GBE are more likely to be apparent in individuals aged 50-59 years.
authors.affiliation: HPRU Medical Research Centre, University of Surrey, Egerton Road, Guildford GU2 5XP, UK.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Rigney
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kimber
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hindmarch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003118:Color Perception / Q000187:drug effects; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005425:Flicker Fusion / Q000187:drug effects; D020441:Ginkgo biloba / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects*; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000187:drug effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects; D014953:Wrist / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D010936:Plant Extracts