title: Manometric and radiographic verification of esophageal body decompensation for patients with achalasia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although morphologic, radiographic, and manometric features of achalasia have been well defined, it has not been established by careful retrospective analysis whether achalasia is a progressive disorder resulting in complete decompensation.
  
  
  METHODS
  To verify the hypothesis that achalasia is a progressive disease, we retrospectively investigated manometric, radiographic, and symptomatic data in patients with achalasia. Sixty-three patients (36 women and 27 men) with a median age of 44 years (range 11 to 79 years) were evaluated. The duration of symptoms ranged from 1 to 442 months, with a median of 48 months. Patients were divided into four groups according to the duration of symptoms: 36 patients with less than 5 years, 11 with 5 to 10 years, 9 with 10 to 15 years, and 7 with 15 years or more.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Contraction pressures of the esophageal body decreased significantly at every level when the duration of symptoms increased (p < 0.04). The percentage of simultaneous waves in the esophageal body rose as the duration of symptoms increased. All waves were synchronous in every patient who had had symptoms for more than 15 years. The maximal width of the esophageal body measured on esophagram became greater with an increase in the duration of symptoms, but this measurement did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.063). The tortuosity of the esophagus, measured by the maximal angle of the esophageal axis, was significantly greater in patients with a longer duration of symptoms (p < 0.02). The type of symptoms was not associated with the duration of symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Achalasia is a progressive disease, as verified by manometric and radiographic findings. The classification of esophageal motor function expressed by amplitude of contraction pressure and angle of tortuosity is objective and useful. Classification of achalasia by duration of symptoms may be important in treatment selection and effectiveness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68131, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shiino
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Houghton
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Filipi
authors.forename: Z T
authors.initials: ZT
authors.lastname: Awad
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tomonaga
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Marsh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001466:Barium Sulfate; D002648:Child; D003287:Contrast Media; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D004931:Esophageal Achalasia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D004947:Esophagus / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D001466:Barium Sulfate