title: Attenuation of ovarian response by low-dose ketoconazole during superovulation in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the clinical efficacy of mild inhibition of ovarian steroidogenesis by very low-dose ketoconazole during induction of ovulation in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, cross-controlled study in consecutive cycles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Large tertiary care center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen patients with PCOS undergoing hMG superovulation with or without ketoconazole.
  
  
  METHODS
  A fixed hMG dosage was initiated on cycle days 5-9 in both of the study cycles. Further hMG adjustment was done according to serum E2 levels and follicular measurements. Ketoconazole was administered in one of the cycles by two protocols.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum E2 and P levels, lead follicles, pregnancy rate, and development of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although higher daily hMG doses were needed in cycles with ketoconazole compared with cycles without the drug, the peak E2 levels were substantially lower in the ketoconazole cycles. Although the number of lead follicles did not differ between treatments, the addition of ketoconazole significantly reduced the number of hyperstimulated cycles. Consequently, the cancellation rate dropped dramatically, thus yielding a higher pregnancy rate per patient in the ketoconazole protocols.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of a very low dose of ketoconazole during ovulation induction effectively attenuates ovarian steroidogenesis in patients with PCOS. This effect may serve as an adjunct to better control the ovarian response in women who are prone to hyperstimulated cycles.
authors.affiliation: Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel. gal_m@netvision.net.il
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gal
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eldar-Geva
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Margalioth
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Barr
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Orly
authors.forename: Y Z
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Diamant
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007654:Ketoconazole / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008596:Menotropins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D016471:Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010062:Ovulation Induction; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013480:Superovulation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D008596:Menotropins; D007654:Ketoconazole