title: Mitochondrial targeting of the p13II protein coded by the x-II ORF of human T-cell leukemia/lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I).
abstract: The X region of the HTLV-I genome contains four major open reading frames (ORFs), two of which, termed x-I and x-II, are of still undefined biological significance. By indirect immunofluorescence and dual labeling with marker proteins, we demonstrate that p13II, an 87-amino acid protein coded by the x-II ORF, is selectively targeted to mitochondria. Mutational analysis revealed that mitochondrial targeting of p13II is directed by an atypical 10-amino acid signal sequence that is not cleaved upon import and is able to target the Green Fluorescent Protein to mitochondria. Expression of p13II results in specific alterations of mitochondrial morphology and distribution from a typical string-like, dispersed network to round-shaped clusters, suggesting that p13II might interfere with processes relying on an intact mitochondrial architecture. Functional studies of mitochondria with the cationic fluorochrome tetramethylrhodamine revealed that a subpopulation of the cells with p13II-positive mitochondria show a disruption in the mitochondrial inner membrane potential (Apsi), an early event observed in cells committed to apoptosis. Taken together, these results suggest novel virus-cell interactions that might be important in HTLV-I replication and/or pathogenicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology and Surgical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ciminale
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zotti
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: D'Agostino
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ferro
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Casareto
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Franchini
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bernardi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chieco-Bianchi
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D016355:Genes, pX; D016679:Genome, Viral; D006367:HeLa Cells; D015368:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012191:Retroviridae Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012367:RNA, Viral; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D012191:Retroviridae Proteins; C072813:rof protein, Human T-lymphotropic virus 1