Response to JE vaccine among HIV-infected children, Bangkok, Thailand.
Since 1990, Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine has been part of EPI in northern Thailand, where there is a high prevalence of JE and HIV infection. To evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of JE vaccine among HIV-infected children, we conducted a retrospective study of HIV-infected and uninfected children who received 2 doses of JE vaccine at 12 months of age. Pre- and post-immunization plasma specimens were tested by plaque reduction neutralization for antibody levels to JE and dengue(1-4) viruses; titers of > or =10 were considered positive. Excluding 5 children with preimmunization antibodies, 5 of 14 (36%) HIV-infected children and 18 of 27 (67%) uninfected children had positive JE antibody titers after immunization [odds ratio (OR) 0.3, p=0.06]; 31% absolute difference [95% confidence interval (CI) 0-61.7%). The geometric mean titer of HIV-infected children with positive titers was lower than that of control children (15.1 vs, 23.8; p=0.17). No significant vaccine-associated adverse events were noted. We conclude that primary antibody response to JE vaccine was low among HIV-infected children and was approximately half of that seen among uninfected children. In endemic areas, HIV-infected children are likely to be at risk of acquiring JE despite routine immunization with 2 doses.
Rojanasuphot
S
S
National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand.
Shaffer
N
N
Chotpitayasunondh
T
T
Phumiamorn
S
S
Mock
P
P
Chearskul
S
S
Waranawat
N
N
Yuentrakul
P
P
Mastro
T D
TD
Tsai
T F
TF
D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D003716:Dengue Virus / Q000276:immunology; D004672:Encephalitis, Japanese / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D005416:Flavivirus / Q000276:immunology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007223:Infant; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology*
D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D014765:Viral Vaccines