title: Block of rapid depolarization induced by in vitro energy depletion of rat dorsal vagal motoneurones.
abstract: 1. The ionic mechanisms contributing to the rapid depolarization (RD) induced by in vitro ischaemia have been studied in dorsal vagal motoneurones (DVMs) of brainstem slices. Compared with CA1 hippocampal neurones, RD of DVMs was slower, generally occurred from a more depolarized membrane potential and was accompanied by smaller increases in [K+]o. 2. RD was not induced by elevation of [K+]o to values measured around DVMs during in vitro ischaemia or by a combination of raised [K+]o and 2-5 microM ouabain. 3. Neither TTX (5-10 microM) nor TTX combined with bepridil (10-30 microM), a Na+-Ca2+ exchange inhibitor, slowed RD. Block of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels with Cd2+ (0.2 mM) and Ni2+ (0.3 mM) led to an earlier onset of RD, possibly because [K+]o was higher than that measured during in vitro ischaemia in the absence of divalent ions. 4. When [Na+]o was reduced to 11.25-25 mM, RD did not occur, although a slow depolarization was observed. RD was slowed (i) by 10 mM Mg2+ and 0.5 mM Ca2+, (ii) by a combination of TTX (1.5-5 microM), 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX, 10 microM) and D-2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate (AP5, 50 microM) and (iii) by TTX (1.5-5 microM) and AP5 (50 microM). 5. Ni2+ at concentrations of 0.6 or 1.33 mM blocked RD whereas 0.6 mM Cd2+ did not. A combination of Cd2+ (0.2 mM), Ni2+ (0.3 mM), AP5 (50 microM) and bepridil (10 microM) was largely able to mimic the effects of high concentrations of Ni2+. 6. It is concluded that RD is due to Na+ entry, predominantly through N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor ionophores, and to Ca2+ entry through voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels. These results are consistent with known changes in the concentrations of extracellular ions when ischaemia-induced rapid depolarization occurs.
authors.affiliation: Division of Botany and Zoology, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia. rosemary.martin@anu.edu.au
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D015763:2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate / Q000494:pharmacology; D018750:6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D015764:Bepridil / Q000494:pharmacology; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000502:physiology*; D002104:Cadmium / Q000494:pharmacology; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000502:physiology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009532:Nickel / Q000494:pharmacology; D010042:Ouabain / Q000494:pharmacology; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D013779:Tetrodotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D002104:Cadmium; D013779:Tetrodotoxin; D010042:Ouabain; D018750:6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; D015764:Bepridil; D015763:2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; D009532:Nickel; D012964:Sodium; D011188:Potassium