title: [Applied anatomy of the temporal and frontal regions in endoscopic temporal lifting].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This anatomic study was carried out in a bid to decrease damage of the temporal branch of the face nerve in endoscopic temporal lifting.
  
  
  METHODS
  We dissected the frontal-temporal region and located the temporal branch on 36 sides of adult head specimens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was found that the temporal branch is deep to the temporoparietal fascia and frontal muscle. The temporal branch has one to four branches in general. The first one is 8.1 +/- 2.1 mm anterior to articular tubercle and 33.8 +/- 4.9 mm superior to the bony lateral canthus. The temporal branches locate below a line drawn from the articular tubercle to 40 mm above the bony lateral canthus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is suggested that the operation incisions in the temporal region be selected above this line.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Zhenjiang Medical College.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004724:Endoscopy; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D015361:Rhytidoplasty / Q000379:methods*