title: nacre encodes a zebrafish microphthalmia-related protein that regulates neural-crest-derived pigment cell fate.
abstract: We report the isolation and identification of a new mutation affecting pigment cell fate in the zebrafish neural crest. Homozygous nacre (nac(w2)) mutants lack melanophores throughout development but have increased numbers of iridophores. The non-crest-derived retinal pigment epithelium is normal, suggesting that the mutation does not affect pigment synthesis per se. Expression of early melanoblast markers is absent in nacre mutants and transplant experiments suggested a cell-autonomous function in melanophores. We show that nac(w2) is a mutation in a zebrafish gene encoding a basic helix-loop-helix/leucine zipper transcription factor related to microphthalmia (Mitf), a gene known to be required for development of eye and crest pigment cells in the mouse. Transient expression of the wild-type nacre gene restored melanophore development in nacre(-/-) embryos. Furthermore, misexpression of nacre induced the formation of ectopic melanized cells and caused defects in eye development in wild-type and mutant embryos. These results demonstrate that melanophore development in fish and mammals shares a dependence on the nacre/Mitf transcription factor, but that proper development of the retinal pigment epithelium in the fish is not nacre-dependent, suggesting an evolutionary divergence in the function of this gene.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Box 357420, Seattle, WA 98195-7420, USA. jalister@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lister
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lepage
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Raible
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D018388:Codon, Terminator / Q000235:genetics; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018257:Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs / Q000235:genetics; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D016350:Leucine Zippers / Q000235:genetics; D008547:Melanophores / Q000166:cytology; D051379:Mice; D051739:Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D009432:Neural Crest / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology; D010641:Phenotype; D010857:Pigment Epithelium of Eye / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013045:Species Specificity; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology* / Q000235:genetics*; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins
chemical_list: D018388:Codon, Terminator; D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051739:Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor; C497235:Mitf protein, mouse; D014157:Transcription Factors; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; C497237:mitfa protein, zebrafish