title: Fasting hyperinsulinemia and increased waist-to-hip ratios in non-wasting individuals with AIDS.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify metabolic and body composition changes associated with HIV-1 infection in a cross-sectional study of individuals stratified by immunologic status and body mass.
  
  
  METHODS
  Metabolic abnormalities including glucose intolerance and changes in body morphology have recently been described in HIV-1-infected individuals following therapy with protease inhibitor-containing highly active anti-retroviral therapy. Although this is suggestive of a direct drug effect, the possibility that HIV infection may induce a tendency towards such underlying derangements should be considered. HIV-infected patients are heterogeneous with respect to immunologic status and body mass. In examining the underlying effect of HIV-1 on metabolic and body composition parameters, stratification by various immunologic and body mass categories may give divergent results that would not be detected otherwise.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty male participants were categorized into four cohorts: non-wasting HIV-seronegative controls, non-wasting HIV-infected patients with relatively intact immune function (CD4 cell count > 500 x 10(6)/l); non-wasting individuals with AIDS (CD4 cell count < 200 x 10(6)/l); and individuals with AIDS wasting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increased fasting plasma insulin and waist-to-hip ratios were found specifically in non-wasting individuals with AIDS compared with HIV-negative controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study emphasises the importance of both body mass and immune function in studying metabolic and body composition abnormalities associated with HIV-1 infection. The association of increased waist-to-hip ratios and hyperinsulinemia suggestive of insulin resistance in non-wasting individuals with AIDS suggest that the tendency towards these metabolic abnormalities may be related to the HIV infectious process or to factors associated with immunologic dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Pacific Biomedical Research Center, Department of Medicine of the John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii-Manoa, Honolulu, USA.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Shikuma
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Waslien
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McKeague
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arakaki
authors.forename: X W
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Imrie
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arakaki
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001824:Body Constitution; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005215:Fasting; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019247:HIV Wasting Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D012367:RNA, Viral