title: Asbestos exposure and mesothelioma in South Africa.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the exposure experiences of South African mesothelioma cases, with emphasis on the contribution made to the caseload by different fibre types, the proportion of subjects with no recall of asbestos exposure and only environmental contact, and the importance of putative causes other than asbestos.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multi-centred case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  123 patients with mesothelioma interviewed by trained interviewers in study centres established in Johannesburg, Kimberley, Pretoria, Bloemfontein, Cape Town and Port Elizabeth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A convincing history of asbestos exposure was obtained in the overwhelming majority of cases (only 5 cases had unlikely asbestos exposure). Twenty-three subjects had worked on Cape crocidolite mines, 3 at Penge (an amosite mine), 3 on mines producing amosite and Transvaal crocidolite and 1 on a Transvaal crocidolite mine. Exclusively environmental exposure accounted for at least 18% of cases; 91% of these cases (20/22 subjects) had had contact with Cape crocidolite. There was a relative paucity of cases linked to amosite and no convincing chrysotile case. Non-asbestos causes occur rarely, if at all, in South Africa.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The preponderance of crocidolite cases, followed by amosite and then chrysotile cases, is consistent with the view that there is a fibre gradient of mesotheliomagenic potential for South African asbestos (crocidolite > amosite > chrysotile).
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Occupational Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rees
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fourie
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Blignaut
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Bachmann
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Myers
mesh_terms: D017639:Asbestos, Amosite / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017638:Asbestos, Crocidolite / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008654:Mesothelioma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008906:Mining; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D013019:South Africa
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D017638:Asbestos, Crocidolite; D017639:Asbestos, Amosite