title: A novel serpin expressed by blood-borne microfilariae of the parasitic nematode Brugia malayi inhibits human neutrophil serine proteinases.
abstract: Serine proteinase inhibitors (serpins) play a vital regulatory role in a wide range of biological processes, and serpins from viruses have been implicated in pathogen evasion of the host defence system. For the first time, we report a functional serpin gene from nematodes that may function in this manner. This gene, named Bm-spn-2, has been isolated from the filarial nematode Brugia malayi, a causative agent of human lymphatic filariasis. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot experiments indicate that Bm-spn-2 is expressed only by microfilariae (Mf), which are the long-lived blood-dwelling larval stage. A survey of the greater than 14,000 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from B malayi deposited in dbEST shows that greater than 2% of the ESTs sequenced from Mf cDNA libraries correspond to Bm-spn-2. Despite its abundance in the microfilarial stage, Bm-spn-2 has not been found in any other point in the life cycle. The predicted protein encoded by Bm-spn-2 contains 428 amino acids with a putative signal peptide. Antibodies to recombinant Bm-SPN-2 protein react specifically with a 47.5-kD native protein in Mf extract. Bm-SPN-2 is one of the largest of the 93 known serpins, due to a 22 amino acid carboxy-terminal extension, and contains the conserved serpin signature sequence. Outside these regions, levels of homology are low, and only a distant relationship can been seen to a Caenorhabditis elegans serpin. The Bm-spn-2 gene contains 6 introns, 2 of which appear to be shared by both nematode species. The B malayi introns have an extended and conserved 3' splice site and are relatively large compared with C elegans. A panel of mammalian serine proteinases were screened and Bm-SPN-2 protein was found to specifically inhibit enzymatic activity of human neutrophil cathepsin G and human neutrophil elastase, but not a range of other serine proteinases. It is possible that Bm-SPN-2 could function as a stage-specific serpin in the blood environment of the microfilarial parasite in protection from human immunity and thus may be a good candidate for protective vaccine.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cell, Animal and Population Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yazdanbakhsh
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Kanost
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Maizels
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D017848:Blood-Borne Pathogens; D017178:Brugia malayi / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D015801:Helminth Proteins; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015843:Serpins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C120921:Bm-SPN-2 protein, Brugia malayi; D015801:Helminth Proteins; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors; D015843:Serpins