title: Sensitivity and value of digital CT scout radiography for detecting ureteral stones in patients with ureterolithiasis diagnosed on unenhanced CT.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  When unenhanced CT reveals ureterolithiasis, some patients will require baseline or follow-up conventional radiography to help guide clinical management. We sought to determine the sensitivity of routinely obtained scout radiographs for revealing stones to determine if the scout view can be used in place of baseline conventional radiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the CT scout radiographs in conjunction with axial CT images in a series of 215 consecutive patients in whom CT revealed a single ureteral stone. On the scout radiographs, stones were classified as definitely visible, definitely not visible, or indeterminate. In addition, a phantom was constructed using fragments of kidney stones to evaluate the effect of the digital scout kilovoltage settings on stone visualization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-nine percent of stones were definitely visible on scout radiography, 47% were definitely not visible, and 4% were indeterminate. Four stones larger than 10 mm that were not visible on scout radiography were composed of uric acid (n = 2) or xanthine (n = 2). Scout radiographs of the phantom determined an optimal kilovoltage setting of 80-100 kVp to visualize stones less than 3 mm, whereas stones greater than or equal to 3 mm were visible at all kilovoltage settings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our series, 49% of ureteral stones were visible on the often-overlooked routine CT scout radiograph. Imaging of phantoms showed that stone visualization can be optimized by using the lowest kilovoltage settings. Therefore, the CT scout view can be used as a baseline study in patients requiring follow-up radiography and for planning treatment of patients requiring lithotripsy or other intervention. Finally, large stones not visible on scout radiographs are likely composed of uric acid or xanthine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Rosenfield
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Scout
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014513:Ureter / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*