A comparison of T cell memory against the same antigen induced by virus versus intracellular bacteria.
Cytotoxic T cell (CTL) memory was analyzed after infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and recombinant Listeria monocytogenes (rLM) expressing the complete nucleoprotein of LCMV (rLM-NP(actA)) or only the immunodominant epitope of H-2(d) mice (rLM-NP(118-126)). Immunization with LCMV and rLM induced a long-lived increased CTL precursor (CTLp) frequency specific for the viral (NP(118-126)) and for the bacterial (LLO(91-99)) epitope, respectively. However, after infection with rLM memory, CTLs were less protective against an intravenous LCMV challenge infection than a comparable number of LCMV-induced memory T cells. LCMV, but not recombinant Listeria-induced memory T cells were able to protect against lethal choriomeningitis by LCMV or a subsequent peripheral infection with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing LCMV-NP. The protective memory after viral and after rLM immunization was paralleled by evidence of LCMV but not rLM antigen persistence on day 15 and 30 after vaccination. These results document a striking difference in protective T cell memory between viral and bacterial vaccines and indicate that rapid T cell-dependent immune protection correlates with antigen persistence.
Ochsenbein
A F
AF
Institute for Experimental Immunology, University Hospital, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland. aochsenb@pathol.unizh.ch
Karrer
U
U
Klenerman
P
P
Althage
A
A
Ciurea
A
A
Shen
H
H
Miller
J F
JF
Whitton
J L
JL
Hengartner
H
H
Zinkernagel
R M
RM
D000818:Animals; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000276:immunology*; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D000939:Epitopes / Q000276:immunology; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000276:immunology*; D008216:Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis / Q000276:immunology*; D008217:Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009698:Nucleoproteins / Q000276:immunology*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology*; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic; D014765:Viral Vaccines
D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D000939:Epitopes; D009698:Nucleoproteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic; D014765:Viral Vaccines