title: [Surgical treatment of blepharospasm. Report of 2 patients].
abstract: Essential blepharospasm can be approached by several types of treatment: clinical in which the most important is the botulinum toxin with advantages and limitations; and some options of surgical treatment. The surgical technique described by Gillum and Anderson offers an alternative to patients resistant to the clinical treatment or with secondary complications. Two cases are analysed. Myectomy of all accessible orbicularis oculi, procerus and corrugator superciliaris muscle associated with blepharoplastic surgery and frontal lifting was indicated due to poor answer to clinical treatment. The results were satisfactory and both patients returned to their normal activities.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Brasil.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Friedhofer
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Paula
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Limongi
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Ferreira
mesh_terms: D018726:Anti-Dyskinesia Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001764:Blepharospasm / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery*; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence
chemical_list: D018726:Anti-Dyskinesia Agents; D001905:Botulinum Toxins
vernacular_title: Tratamento cirúrgico do blefaroespasmo essencial. Relato de dois pacientes.