title: Screening of diabetic patients for microalbuminuria in primary care--The PROSIT-Project. Proteinuria Screening and Intervention.
abstract: The PROSIT (Proteinuria Screening and Intervention) Project started in 1993 in order to obtain data on the prevalence of micro- and macroalbuminuria in diabetic patients treated in primary care, to establish an easy screening programme for microalbuminuria, in which also diabetic patients can participate in self-responsibility, and to implement a specific intervention programme for incipient nephropathy. In 58 representative doctor's offices 647 diabetic patients were included, who performed at home self-tests for microalbuminuria on three days within one week using the early morning urine and a newly developed qualitative immunologic test-strip for microalbuminuria. After storage they returned the same urine samples to their doctors' offices for semiquantitative retesting with the immunologic test-strip Micral-Test II. In case of positive results the proteinuria dipstick Combur-9-Test was applied in order to exclude other causes of positive microalbuminuria (e.g. urinary tract infection). Data of 569 patients (6% Type 1, 88% Type 2 and 6% secondary diabetes) could be analysed. Both qualitative self-testing for microalbuminuria at home and semiquantitative retesting in doctors' offices were found to be feasible. Based on semiquantitative retesting the prevalences of microalbuminuria (macroalbuminuria) were 19.6% (0%) in Type 1 diabetes, 17.2% (10.8%) in Type 2 diabetes and 11.7% (7.8%) in secondary diabetes. Type 2 diabetic patients showed a clear correlation between albuminuria and diabetes duration, HbA1c, serum creatinine, triglycerides as well as micro- and macrovascular complications. 227 patients with micro- or macroalbuminuria were included into the ongoing PROSIT intervention programme.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Internal Medicine, Innenstadt, University of Munich, Germany. prosit@prosit.de
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Piehlmeier
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Renner
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schramm
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kimmerling
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Garbe
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Proetzsch
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fahn
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Piwernetz
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Landgraf
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007159:Immunologic Tests / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011320:Primary Health Care; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014556:Urine / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002784:Cholesterol; D003404:Creatinine; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D014280:Triglycerides