title: Linkage disequilibrium analysis in Australian haemochromatosis patients indicates bipartite association with clinical expression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hereditary haemochromatosis shows a wide variation in phenotypic expression, which is thought to be due, in part, to genetic factors. A single missense mutation in HFE, leading to an amino acid substitution (C282Y) has been shown to be the causative mutation, clearly responsible for clinical expression of the disorder. Since homozygosity for the C282Y mutation can give rise to a disorder which shows wide variation in clinical expression, we investigated the possibility that genetic modifiers of HFE may exist.
  
  
  METHODS
  Linkage disequilibrium analysis was performed on chromosome 6p21.3 in 74 patients homozygous for the C282Y mutation using microsatellite markers spanning the haemochromatosis gene region. Phenotypic expression was evaluated based on transferrin saturation, serum ferritin, hepatic iron concentration and index, and iron grade.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis showed a predominant ancestral haplotype from D6S265 to D6S2236 covering a region of approximately 5 Mb. The overall LD distribution in this region showed two peaks of highly significant association at D6S105 (2 Mb proximal to HFE) and at D6S2239 approximately 50 kb distal to HFE. Male patients homozygous for D6S105 allele 8, had significantly higher hepatic iron indices than patients heterozygous or nullizygous for D6S105-8 (p<0.038).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This analysis indicates that modifying gene(s) or another mutation affecting HHC clinical expression may be located in the region of D6S105.
authors.affiliation: The Clinical Sciences Unit, The Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Australia.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pratiwi
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Fletcher
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Pyper
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Do
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Jazwinska
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D001315:Australia; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D005260:Female; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D006239:Haplotypes; D006432:Hemochromatosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D000071020:Hemochromatosis Protein; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000235:genetics*; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D008285:Major Histocompatibility Complex; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D010641:Phenotype; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; C103673:HFE protein, human; D006680:HLA Antigens; D000071020:Hemochromatosis Protein; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D008565:Membrane Proteins