Delayed toxidromes.
Some toxins do not result in clinical manifestations until several hours after exposure. This article reviews those agents that may cause delayed-onset toxicity. They are organized into four classes: specific pharmaceuticals, biologicals, pharmaceutical dosage forms, and chemicals. There are five basic mechanisms for delayed toxicity: delayed absorption, distribution factors, metabolic factors, cellular and organ capacity effects, and unknown. Scientific evidence for delayed-onset of effects varies considerably among the individual toxins.
Bosse
G M
GM
Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Louisville and Kentucky Regional Poison Center, 40292, USA.
Matyunas
N J
NJ
D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000506:poisoning; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000506:poisoning; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic / Q000506:poisoning; D016589:Astemizole / Q000506:poisoning; D004304:Dosage Forms; D062787:Drug Overdose; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists / Q000506:poisoning; D006801:Humans; D006858:Hydrofluoric Acid / Q000506:poisoning; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000506:poisoning; D007306:Insecticides / Q000506:poisoning; D007501:Iron / Q000506:poisoning; D000432:Methanol / Q000506:poisoning; D008996:Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors / Q000506:poisoning; D009145:Mushroom Poisoning; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D011041:Poisoning / Q000503:physiopathology; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000506:poisoning; D013997:Time Factors
D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; D004304:Dosage Forms; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007306:Insecticides; D008996:Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D000082:Acetaminophen; D016589:Astemizole; D007501:Iron; D013974:Thyroxine; D006858:Hydrofluoric Acid; D000432:Methanol