CTL granules: evolution of vesicles essential for combating virus infections.
Viral strategies for escaping apoptosis have co-evolved with the immune system, resulting in a complex balance of pro- and anti-apoptotic forces in virus-infected cells under attack by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Here, Joseph Trapani and colleagues argue that CTL cytolytic granules are the principal apoptotic means of eliminating viruses and possess multiple independent mechanisms to counter the viral anti-apoptotic machinery.
Trapani
J A
JA
Austin Research Institute, Studley Road, Heidelberg 3084, Australia. j.trapani@ari.unimelb.edu.au
Sutton
V R
VR
Smyth
M J
MJ
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000276:immunology; D020169:Caspases / Q000276:immunology; D003594:Cytoplasmic Granules / Q000276:immunology; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D053804:Granzymes; D006801:Humans; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000276:immunology; D015843:Serpins / Q000276:immunology; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology*; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology
D015843:Serpins; C509213:GZMB protein, human; D053804:Granzymes; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; D020169:Caspases