title: Physicochemical characterization and in vivo properties of Zolpidem in solid dispersions with polyethylene glycol 4000 and 6000.
abstract: Solid dispersions and physical mixtures of Zolpidem in polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG 4000) and 6000 (PEG 6000) were prepared with the aim to increase its aqueous solubility. These PEG based formulations of the drug were characterized in solid state by FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry. By these physical determinations no drug-polymer interactions were evidenced. Both solubility and dissolution rate of the drug in these formulations were increased. Each individual dissolution profile of PEG based formulation fitted Baker-Lonsdale and first order kinetic models. Finally, significant differences in ataxic induction time were observed between Zolpidem orally administered as suspension of drug alone and as solid dispersion or physical mixture. These formulations, indeed, showed almost two- to three-fold longer ataxic induction times suggesting that, in the presence of PEG, the intestinal membrane permeability is probably the rate-limiting factor of the absorption process.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy. trapani@farmchim.un.ba.it
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Trapani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Latrofa
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Pantaleo
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Provenzano
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sanna
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Maciocco
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liso
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001259:Ataxia / Q000139:chemically induced; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000187:drug effects; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D011725:Pyridines / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012995:Solubility; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction; D000077334:Zolpidem
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D011725:Pyridines; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D000077334:Zolpidem