title: A simpler and more accurate equation to predict daily lithium dose.
abstract: Recently, the authors suggested that the lithium dose prediction equation created by Zetin and associates cannot always accurately predict a required lithium dose and that the inclusion of renal function data may improve the accuracy of the equation. The charts of 70 patients were reviewed to obtain data regarding factors thought to affect serum lithium concentrations, including renal function, and an equation to estimate the dose intended to achieve an expected concentration was derived by stepwise multiple linear regression. The equation was also applied to 30 other patients to evaluate its accuracy. The authors obtained the following equation: daily lithium carbonate dose (in milligrams) = 100.5 + 752.7 x (expected lithium concentration in millimoles per liter) - 3.6 x (age in years) + 7.2 x (weight in kilograms) - 13.7 x (blood urea nitrogen [BUN] in milligrams per deciliter). When the equation was applied to 30 patients, the mean +/- SD of deviations from the expected concentration was 0.15 +/- 0.30 mmol/L, and 19 patients (63%) had deviations of less than 0.20 mmol/L. On the other hand, when the equation set forth by Zetin and associates was applied to the same patients, the mean +/- SD of deviations from the expected concentration was 0.52 +/- 0.42 mmol/L, and only 6 patients (20%) had deviations of less than 0.20 mmol/L. Although it is necessary to measure BUN levels before starting lithium, this equation may be simpler and more accurate than that offered by Zetin and associates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan. TTerao@med.uoeh-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Terao
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okuno
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okuno
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shinkai
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ohmori
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Abe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018692:Antimanic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D002648:Child; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D016651:Lithium Carbonate / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D018692:Antimanic Agents; D016651:Lithium Carbonate