title: Bone loss and fracture after lung transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Osteoporosis is very common in patients with end-stage pulmonary disease. However, there are few prospective data on fracture incidence after lung transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively evaluated changes in bone mass, fracture incidence, and biochemical indices of bone and mineral metabolism in 30 patients who completed 1 year of observation after lung transplantation. All received calcium, vitamin D, and therapy with one or more agents that inhibit bone resorption, initiated shortly after transplantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before transplantation, only 20% of the patients had normal lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD). After transplantation, 15 patients (50%) sustained significant bone loss at either the LS (-8.6+/-1.0%) or the femoral neck (-11.3+/-2.2%). Eleven (37%) patients (10 women) sustained a total of 54 atraumatic fractures. Pretransplantation LS BMD and T scores were significantly lower in those who sustained fractures (-2.809+/-0.32 versus -1.569+/-0.29; P<0.01). Fracture patients were more likely to have had pretransplantation glucocorticoid therapy (chi-square 5.687; P<0.02). The duration of pretransplantation glucocorticoid therapy was also longer in fracture patients (4.9+/-0.8 versus 1.3+/-0.4 years; P<0.001). Biochemical markers of bone resorption were significantly higher in patients who sustained bone loss and/or fractures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that fractures are a significant problem in the first year after lung transplantation, even in patients who receive therapy to prevent bone loss. Women with low pretransplantation BMD and a history of pretransplantation glucocorticoid therapy are at greatest risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA. es54@columbia.edu
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shane
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Papadopoulos
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Staron
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Addesso
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Donovan
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McGregor
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Schulman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015519:Bone Density; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000188:drug therapy; D002116:Calcitonin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004967:Estrogens / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011182:Postoperative Care; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004164:Diphosphonates; D004967:Estrogens; D002116:Calcitonin