title: Neutrophil function and opioid receptor expression on leucocytes during chronic naltrexone treatment in humans.
abstract: We report that neutrophil function was impaired in former heroin addicts on chronic naltrexone maintenance. Of the subjects, 62.5% had elevated plasma ACTH, 25% had elevated plasma cortisol and one subject had increased urinary cortisol. All subjects showed enhanced expression of opioid receptors on monocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes. In vitro, incubation with therapeutically relevant concentrations of naltrexone induced a slow increase of neutrophil cytoplasmatic free Ca(2+)concentrations ([Ca(2+)]()E2>i) and slowed down the [Ca(2+)]()E2>i rise induced by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. Neither naltrexone nor its metabolite beta-naltrexol affected human neutrophil function in vitro. We conclude that impairment of neutrophil function during chronic naltrexone may be related to opioid receptor overexpression. With this regard, the possible role of naltrexone-induced [Ca(2+)]()E2>i changes deserves further investigation. 1999 Academic Press.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Insubria, Varese, VA, 21100, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Caldiroli
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Leoni
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cattaneo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rasini
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Marino
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tosetto
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mazzone
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fietta
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lecchini
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Frigo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D000328:Adult; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009271:Naltrexone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D011957:Receptors, Opioid / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D011957:Receptors, Opioid; C010410:6 beta-hydroxynaltrexone; D009271:Naltrexone; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D002118:Calcium; D006854:Hydrocortisone