title: Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) findings for the brain in patients with liver cirrhosis reflect the hepatic functional reserve.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) has been used to assess the metabolic changes in the brain in patients with liver cirrhosis. Decreased myo-inositol and increased glutamine levels were noted to be the most sensitive spectroscopic markers for cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy (HE). The purpose of this study was to assess how the abnormalities seen on the 1H-MRS of the brain in patients with liver cirrhosis are related to clinical and laboratory parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective study, localized 1H-MRS was performed in the basal ganglia and parietal white matter regions in liver cirrhosis patients with (n = 48) and without (n = 52) HE and chronic hepatitis (CH) (n = 15), and in normal controls (n = 20).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among cirrhotic patients, the myo-inositol levels were significantly lower (p < 0.01) and the glutamine levels were higher (p < 0.05) for patients with HE than for those without HE. The myo-inositol and glutamine levels, respectively, were inversely (r = -0.50; p < 0.001) and linearly (r = 0.50; p < 0.001) related to the Child-Pugh score. However, by subgroup analysis of Child-Pugh class C patients, there were no significant differences in the myo-inositol and glutamine levels between cirrhotic patients with (n = 40) and without HE (n = 24). A follow-up study of eight cirrhotic patients with HE showed no significant differences in the myo-inositol and glutamine levels after clinical improvement of HE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The abnormalities seen on the 1H-MRS of the brain of patients with liver cirrhosis are not likely to reflect the severity of HE or acute alteration in the level of consciousness. Rather, we believe they represent the chronic metabolic derangement of the brain associated with hepatic functional reserve.
authors.affiliation: Asan Institute for Life Sciences, and Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Mun
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Y I
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Suh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000503:physiopathology; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002794:Choline / Q000378:metabolism; D003404:Creatinine / Q000378:metabolism; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005973:Glutamine / Q000378:metabolism; D006501:Hepatic Encephalopathy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007294:Inositol / Q000378:metabolism; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D005973:Glutamine; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D007294:Inositol; C000179:N-acetylaspartate; D003404:Creatinine; D002794:Choline