title: The effect of oestrogen supplementation on post-menopausal urinary stress incontinence: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of hormone replacement therapy on post-menopausal urinary stress incontinence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  University associated teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Post-menopausal women with genuine stress incontinence, not taking hormone replacement therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomisation to six months therapy with oestradiol valerate 2 mg daily or placebo. Assessment prior to treatment and upon study completion with the SF-36 health status questionnaire, the Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms questionnaire, a one week urinary diary, one hour perineal pad test, cystometry and urethral profilometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-seven women consented to participate, 33 were randomised to receive oestradiol. Mean age was 63 years. Five women failed to undergo repeat assessment, three of whom were receiving oestrogen. Six women receiving oestradiol experienced breakthrough bleeding during the six months and were subsequently treated with additional monthly progestogen. No significant effect of oestrogen over placebo was observed for any subjective or objective clinical outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This trial is one of the largest controlled studies yet reported, with the longest duration of treatment. No improvement in post-menopausal stress incontinence was demonstrated after six months therapy with oestradiol. This concurs with another study reported recently; it seems unlikely that oestrogen has a significant role to play in this condition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shepherd
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brookes
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Abrams
mesh_terms: D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004958:Estradiol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011312:Pressure; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014554:Urination
chemical_list: D004958:Estradiol