title: CTL granules: evolution of vesicles essential for combating virus infections.
abstract: Viral strategies for escaping apoptosis have co-evolved with the immune system, resulting in a complex balance of pro- and anti-apoptotic forces in virus-infected cells under attack by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Here, Joseph Trapani and colleagues argue that CTL cytolytic granules are the principal apoptotic means of eliminating viruses and possess multiple independent mechanisms to counter the viral anti-apoptotic machinery.
authors.affiliation: Austin Research Institute, Studley Road, Heidelberg 3084, Australia. j.trapani@ari.unimelb.edu.au
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Trapani
authors.forename: V R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Sutton
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Smyth
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000276:immunology; D020169:Caspases / Q000276:immunology; D003594:Cytoplasmic Granules / Q000276:immunology; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D053804:Granzymes; D006801:Humans; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000276:immunology; D015843:Serpins / Q000276:immunology; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology*; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015843:Serpins; C509213:GZMB protein, human; D053804:Granzymes; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; D020169:Caspases