title: Virological and immunological responses to once-daily dosing of didanosine in combination with stavudine. AI454-143 Team.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the antiviral activity of once-daily didanosine (ddI) and twice-daily ddI in combination with stavudine (d4T).
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, double-blind, multicenter study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one sites in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-seven antiretroviral-naive, HIV-1-infected adults with baseline plasma HIV RNA counts of > or = 10,000 copies/ml and CD4 cell counts of > or = 100 cells/mm3 started study therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients received once-daily ddI or twice-daily ddI, each combined with twice-daily d4T.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma HIV-1 RNA levels, CD4 cell counts, and adverse events were regularly monitored. The primary efficacy analysis used was the time-averaged difference (TAD) between treatment regimens in change from baseline plasma HIV-1 RNA levels over the first 12 weeks of therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At week 12, median log10 HIV-1 RNA changes were -1.83 log10 copies/ml in the once-daily ddI/d4T group and -1.80 log10 copies/ml in the twice-daily ddI/d4T group, and 18 out of 44 patients (41%) and 17 out of 43 patients (40%), respectively, had HIV-1 RNA levels below 400 copies/ml. Similar results were seen at week 24. The TAD between the two treatment groups (once-daily ddI/d4T minus twice-daily ddI/d4T) in change from baseline plasma HIV RNA levels over the first 12 weeks was 0.14 log10 copies/ml (95% CI: -0.11, 0.40). At week 12, subjects averaged an increase in CD4 cell count of over 140 cells/mm3. The TAD between the two treatment groups in change from baseline CD4 cell counts over the first 12 weeks was 2 cells/mm3 (95% CI: -40, 45).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Once-daily ddI plus d4T and twice-daily ddI plus d4T were similarly effective in reducing plasma HIV-1 RNA levels and increasing CD4 cell counts over 12-24 weeks of therapy.
authors.affiliation: Cooper Green Hospital, Birmingham, AL, USA.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Mobley
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Pollard
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schrader
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Adler
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kelleher
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McLaren
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D016049:Didanosine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018119:Stavudine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D012367:RNA, Viral; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D018119:Stavudine; D016049:Didanosine