title: Liver abnormalities in Turner syndrome.
abstract: We evaluated whether hepatic abnormalities represent a specific feature in girls with Turner syndrome (TS) or whether they are related to an increased susceptibility to hormonal therapies and/or other factors. Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase were monitored in 70 patients with TS for a mean period of 7.6+/-4.2 years. An increase in serum liver enzymes was observed in 14 out of 70 girls (20%) at a mean age of 12.7 years; it was present at entry before hormonal therapy in 3 girls and developed thereafter during the follow up in the other 11. The increase in serum liver enzymes was never observed before the age of 7 years. In the majority of cases (10/14) it was drug related: in 50% the liver abnormalities were transient and self-limiting, in the remaining cases they required interruption of hormonal therapy. Hepatotoxicity was more frequently observed in girls treated with oestrogens or oxandrolone than in those treated with growth hormone. In a small number of cases, liver disease was either auto-immunity-related (2/14), or cryptogenic (1/14) with a benign and self-limiting course. Obesity was a frequent finding, but it played a likely pivotal role only in one patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hepatic abnormalities are relatively frequent in Turner syndrome and surveillance of liver function should be included in the management of these patients independent of initiation of hormonal treatment.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Pediatria, Università Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salerno
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Di Maio
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gasparini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rizzo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ferri
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vajro
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014166:Transferases / Q000097:blood; D014424:Turner Syndrome / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D014166:Transferases; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase