title: Nephrocalcinosis in full-term infants receiving furosemide treatment for congestive heart failure: a study of the incidence and 2-year follow up.
abstract: In order to study the incidence and course of nephrocalcinosis in full-term infants with congestive heart failure receiving long-term furosemide treatment, 36 such infants (median age 2.9 months, range 1.2-8.0) and 36 full-term control infants not receiving any diuretics (median age 3.4 months, range 1.1-8.4) were studied by renal ultrasonography and random urine calcium variables. The infants with nephrocalcinosis were followed at 3-6 month intervals up to 2 years of age, or until ultrasonic resolution. Nephrocalcinosis was found in 5 out of the 36 (14%) treated infants, but in none of the controls (P = 0.03). The dose of furosemide was higher in the infants with nephrocalcinosis than in those without (1.9+/-0.6 vs. 1.3+/-0.4 mg/kg per day; P = 0.01). The urinary calcium concentration was higher in the infants receiving furosemide than in controls and a similar trend was observed in the urinary calcium/creatinine ratio, but these variables did not differ between the study infants with and without nephrocalcinosis. Ultrasonic resolution of nephrocalcinosis was observed in 3 of the 5 infants at 12 months, but in the other 2 the condition still persisted at 24 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term furosemide treatment in full-term infants with congestive heart failure entails a considerable risk of developing nephrocalcinosis. Renal ultrasonography is warranted in these patients within a few months after initiation of the treatment and in the case of nephrocalcinosis alteration of the diuretic regimen is to be considered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, University of Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saarela
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lanning
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koivisto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Paavilainen
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000652:urine; D004232:Diuretics / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005665:Furosemide / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D009397:Nephrocalcinosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D004232:Diuretics; D005665:Furosemide; D002118:Calcium