title: Stent placement versus percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of human carotid arteries in cadavers in situ: distal embolization and findings at intravascular US, MR imaging and histopathologic analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare endovascular stent placement with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of carotid arteries with respect to distal embolization and findings at intravascular ultrasonography (US), magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and histopathologic analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  PTA was performed in situ in one carotid artery, and stent placement was performed in the other, in ten cadavers (age range, 57-82 years; mean age, 68 years) with severe atherosclerosis by using fluoroscopic and intravascular US guidance. The carotid artery was connected to a pressurized tubing system in which a pulsatile pump circulated water. The effluent water was collected during the interventions, and after filtration and staining, the embolic material was analyzed histologically. After the interventions, the arteries were excised and 1.5-T spin-echo MR imaging was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No difference in severity of distal embolization during stent placement versus during PTA was found. The embolic particles were composed mainly of intimal strips and cellular constituents of the atherosclerotic plaques. MR imaging accurately depicted postinterventional changes, and the findings correlated closely with those of intravascular US and histopathologic analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although stent placement and PTA were associated with equal distal embolization, the smooth surface and fully patent arterial lumen depicted at intravascular US and MR imaging postinterventionally may indicate that stent placement is preferable to PTA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Radiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland. hannu.manninen@kuh.fi
authors.forename: H I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Manninen
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Räsänen
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Vanninen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vainio
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hippeläinen
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Kosma
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon; D002102:Cadaver; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D017700:Embolism, Cholesterol / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D002537:Intracranial Arteriosclerosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D015607:Stents; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional