title: Catamenial pneumothorax--3 case reports and view of literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The unusual correlation between chronic recurring spontaneous pneumothorax and the menstrual cycle, was first presented by Maurer in 1958. In our clinic we had 3 cases in 5 years. The anamnesis shows that this syndrome is unknown to many of our colleagues. Not mentioned in several standard textbooks, warrants our attention.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 5 years we had 3 cases of C.P., all of them had already on admission, at least one recurrence; all of them had right sided thoracic pain and dyspnoea. They undergone video-assisted thoracoscopy, with histological examination of diaphragm specimen. Gynaecological consultations was followed by hormonal therapy and follow up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all 3 cases we found no signs of lung defects or bullae, instead, we identified diaphragm defects of different extension, even a liver prolapse in one of the cases. Endometriosis extra genitalis could be diagnosed in only one case which undergone a hysterectomy 8 years before.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A spontaneous pneumothorax which recurs in correlation with menses has a pathogenesis which concern only women, that is why is referred to as catamenial. Our experience supports the hypothesis, that air in the pleural cavity originates from the peritoneal one, arriving here via uterus and tuba. Beside the symptomatic therapy ther is an etiological one, by inhibition the menstrual cycle. Thoracosurgical intervention could help preventing recurrence, and contributes in clarifying the pathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Thoracic Surgery, Special Clinic for Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kadry
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hässler
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Engelmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008598:Menstruation; D008875:Middle Aged; D011030:Pneumothorax / Q000209:etiology