title: Urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase isoenzymes as biomarker of renal dysfunction caused by cadmium in a general population.
abstract: N-Acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and its isoenzymes in urine have been studied in a population group residing in a polluted area in China. The area studied was contaminated by industrial wastewater from a nearby smelter that discharged cadmium-polluted wastewater into a river used for the irrigation of rice fields. Cadmium concentrations in rice were 3.70, 0.51, and 0.07 mg/kg for the highly and moderately polluted areas and the control area, respectively. Cadmium concentrations in urine exceeded 5 microgram/liter in the majority of subjects in the most highly polluted area. There was a marked dose-dependent increase in NAG and NAG B content of urine related both to urinary cadmium and to the calculated cadmium uptake. It is concluded that urinary NAG and its isoenzymes could serve as a sensitive biomarker of renal dysfunction in cadmium-exposed populations. The mechanisms underlying the increase in NAG and its isoenzymes after cadmium exposure need to be studied further.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Medicine, Umeâ University, Umeâ, 901 87, Sweden. taiyi.jin@envmed.umu.se
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nordberg
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cai
mesh_terms: D000117:Acetylglucosamine / Q000652:urine*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000652:urine*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007527:Isoenzymes; D002104:Cadmium; D000117:Acetylglucosamine