title: Efficacy and safety of ampicillin/sulbactam and cefuroxime in the treatment of serious skin and skin structure infections in pediatric patients. UNASYN Pediatric Study Group.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pediatric skin and skin structure infections are often polymicrobial and require empiric therapy effective against pathogens that may be resistant to many antimicrobial agents. The present study tested the efficacy and safety of a parenteral beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combination, ampicillin/sulbactam, and a beta-lactamase-stable cephalosporin, cefuroxime, in serious pediatric skin and skin structure infections requiring hospitalization and parenteral antimicrobial therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a multicenter, randomized, prospective, comparative open label trial that enrolled patients 3 months through 11 years of age. Patients received 150 to 300 mg/kg/day ampicillin/sulbactam in equally divided intravenous doses every 6 h. Cefuroxime was given in a dosage of 50 to 100 mg/kg/day either intravenously or intramuscularly in equally divided doses every 6 or 8 h. Maximum treatment was not to exceed 14 days. Patients could receive subsequent oral antimicrobial treatment at the investigator's discretion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At final evaluation for clinical efficacy, 78.0% (n = 46) of the 59 evaluable patients who received ampicillin/sulbactam were cured and 22.0% (n = 13) were improved. The respective values for the 39 evaluable patients treated with cefuroxime were 76.9% (n = 30) and 23.1% (n = 9). At the end of treatment all pathogens were eradicated from 93.2% (n = 55) of 59 patients treated with ampicillin/sulbactam and from 100% of 39 who received cefuroxime. There were no significant differences between treatments in clinical or bacteriologic efficacy. Both ampicillin/sulbactam and cefuroxime were well-tolerated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both ampicillin/sulbactam and cefuroxime provide safe and effective parenteral antibiotic therapy in pediatric patients with serious skin and skin structure infections.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital, Oakland, CA, USA.
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Azimi
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Barson
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Janner
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Swanson
mesh_terms: D000667:Ampicillin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002444:Cefuroxime / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017192:Skin Diseases, Bacterial / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013407:Sulbactam / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002511:Cephalosporins; C035444:sultamicillin; D000667:Ampicillin; D002444:Cefuroxime; D013407:Sulbactam