title: Ozone-induced respiratory illness during the repair of a portland cement kiln.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Workers at a portland cement plant had experienced acute respiratory and eye irritation when performing maintenance inside a kiln. These episodes were associated with a bleach-like odor, which was only reported during maintenance operations. An industrial hygiene investigation was conducted to determine the cause of the illness.
  
  
  METHODS
  While workers replaced refractory brick inside the kiln, air samples were collected for chlorine, sulfur dioxide, inorganic acid, ozone, and dust. After the rebricking was completed and all the workers had exited the kiln, its electrostatic precipitator was reduced to half power and the induced-draft (ID) fan was turned off to recreate conditions present during illness episodes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chlorine, inorganic acid, and ozone were not detected, and only trace concentrations of sulfur dioxide were detected while workers were inside the kiln. However, when conditions present during previous episodes were recreated, the bleach-like odor was soon evident. Chlorine was not detected, but 0.09 to 0.11 ppm of ozone was measured at the discharge end of the kiln, and 4.5 ppm was measured at the inlet end. Within a half hour after the electrostatic precipitator was turned off and the ID fan was turned on, the ozone concentrations decreased to background levels of 0.02-0.03 ppm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Somewhat lower ozone exposures may have occurred during previous kiln maintenance operations due to more open access portals, but previous episodes of eye and respiratory irritation were probably caused when ozone, generated by the electrostatic precipitator, back-drafted into the kiln after the ID fan was turned off.
authors.affiliation: Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, United States. wts1@cdc.gov
authors.forename: W T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Sanderson
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Almaguer
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Kirk
mesh_terms: D019652:Extraction and Processing Industry; D006801:Humans; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D010126:Ozone / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*
chemical_list: D010126:Ozone