title: Intake of fruits and vegetables in smokers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine intake of fruits and vegetables in smokers and non-smokers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Secondary analysis using general linear modelling approaches. Food intake measured using a food frequency questionnaire approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  The community (the population of the province of Ontario, Canada).
  
  
  METHODS
  Members of the general public (n = 38,000).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Smokers ate substantially less fruit and fruit juice then non-smokers with heavy smokers eating the least. Heavy smokers were between four and six times more likely to be eating less fruit than recommended. Similar but less marked differences were noted for vegetable intake. Smokers also obtained a larger part of their total caloric intake from fats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While smoking cessation remains the primary target for lung cancer prevention, attention should also be given to dietary interventions in smokers in order to improve their nutrition. Such interventions might also be expected to reduce the risk of other cancers (e.g. colon cancer).
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. nbirkett@zeus.med.uottawa.ca
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Birkett
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012907:Smoking; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014675:Vegetables
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats