title: A clinical assessment of the effects of 10% carbamide peroxide gel on human pulp tissue.
abstract: Bleaching vital teeth with 10% carbamide peroxide gel is a routine procedure in which there has been no evidence of associated permanent pulpal damage. Synthesis of the enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is increased after exposure of eukaryotic cells to conditions of oxidative stress (including H2O2) as a defense against the damaging effects of free radicals. Dental pulps were evaluated for HO-1 (aka Heat Shock Protein 32) presence in teeth treated with 10% carbamide peroxide. Seventeen intact first premolars scheduled for orthodontic extraction were bleached for 4 h immediately preceding extraction. Fourteen additional premolars from the same individuals were not bleached. All 31 teeth were extracted, fixed, demineralized, frozen, sectioned, and immunostained with anti-HO-1 antibody using a standard ABC protocol. There was no significant difference in the presence of HO-1 between total bleached versus total unbleached teeth using the Fisher's Exact Test (p < or = 0.05). However, the histological findings could be interpreted to suggest that coronal odontoblasts and endothelial cells in the underlying pulp proper may have the potential to respond to oxidative stress by increasing the synthesis of HO-1 (HSP32). This could represent a component of an initial defensive response by specific cells in strategic locations in the pulp that precedes classical inflammatory pathways.
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Chiego
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Glickman
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: McCauley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) / Q000378:metabolism; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010545:Peroxides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014073:Tooth Bleaching; D014508:Urea / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010545:Peroxides; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D014508:Urea; C496541:HMOX1 protein, human; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing); D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1