title: Gelatin-stabilised microemulsion-based organogels: rheology and application in iontophoretic transdermal drug delivery.
abstract: Gelatin-containing microemulsion-based organogels (MBGs) have been formulated using pharmaceutically acceptable surfactants and oils such as Tween 85 and isopropyl myristate. MBG formulations were subject to rheological study and their utility in transdermal drug delivery examined. Unlike most organogels, MBGs are electrically conducting and have been successfully employed in this study for the iontophoretic delivery of a model drug through excised pig skin. Iontophoresis using MBGs gave substantially higher release rates for sodium salicylate compared to passive diffusion, and fluxes were proportional to the drug loading and the current density. MBGs provide a convenient means of immobilising the drug and are rheologically similar to their hydrogel counterparts at comparable gelatin concentrations. MBGs also appear to offer improved microbial resistance in comparison to aqueous solution or hydrogels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, King's College London, Manresa Road, Chelsea SW3 6LX, London, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kantaria
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Rees
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lawrence
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D004058:Diffusion; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004423:Ear / Q000502:physiology; D004655:Emulsions; D005780:Gelatin / Q000737:chemistry*; D005782:Gels / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007478:Iontophoresis; D009226:Myristates / Q000737:chemistry; D011136:Polysorbates / Q000737:chemistry; D012212:Rheology; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012980:Sodium Salicylate / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D005782:Gels; D009226:Myristates; D011136:Polysorbates; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C008205:isopropyl myristate; D005780:Gelatin; D012980:Sodium Salicylate