title: Evaluation of the effect of simulated rainfall on the efficacy of Ivomec Pour-On against Cooperia spp. infection in cattle.
abstract: Four controlled studies, one each in Australia, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States, involving 30 calves each were conducted to evaluate the effect of simulated rainfall on the efficacy of Ivomec Pour-On against infections of Cooperia spp. At 3 weeks before treatment the calves were infected orally with third-stage larvae of Cooperia spp. In each study a recent, locally derived field isolate was used. The calves were allocated by restricted randomization based on body weight within sex to one of the following treatments: unmedicated control with no rain, Ivomec Pour-On with no rain, Ivomec Pour-On with rain starting at 40 min before treatment, Ivomec Pour-On with rain starting at 10 min after treatment, and Ivomec Pour-On with rain starting at 60 min after treatment. Ivomec Pour-On was applied topically at a dose rate of 1 ml/10 kg body weight (500 microg ivermectin/kg body weight). The simulated rainfall was equivalent to a heavy shower of approximately 12.5 mm of water during a 30-min period. The calves were necropsied for worm counting at 14 or 15 days after treatment. An evaluation of the pooled data showed that as compared with the untreated controls, the Ivomec Pour-On-treated calves with no rain had significantly (P < 0.01) fewer C. oncophora (> 99%), C. punctata (> 99%), C. surnabada (> 98%), and combined Cooperia spp. (> 99%). The reduction in Cooperia numbers noted for calves exposed to simulated rainfall was > 96% for all Cooperia species, regardless of when the rainfall started relative to the application of Ivomec Pour-On. There was no significant (P > 0.1) difference between the Ivomec Pour-On-treated calves with no rain and the pooled groups with simulated rainfall or between the group with rain before treatment and the pooled groups with rain after treatment. Ivomec Pour-On was highly effective against established infections of Cooperia spp. when applied to wet animals or to animals becoming wet shortly after treatment.
authors.affiliation: Merial GmbH, Kathrinenhof Research Center, Rohrdorf, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rehbein
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Barrick
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Batty
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Drag
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Rolfe
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cox
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000969:Antinematodal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007559:Ivermectin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011891:Rain; D014251:Trichostrongyloidea / Q000254:growth & development; D014252:Trichostrongyloidiasis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D000969:Antinematodal Agents; D007559:Ivermectin