title: [Echo-guided transrectal biopsy. An analysis of the results in a series of 1900 patients].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the results of US-guided transrectal biopsy in 1,900 patients with the diagnostic yield of DRE, transrectal US, PSA, PSA density and free PSA/total PSA ratio and to describe our approach based on the results of the comparative study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Over the last two years 1,900 patients have undergone biopsy; 4 to 6 specimens were obtained randomly from both prostatic lobes and areas identified by transrectal US and/or DRE as being suspicious. All patients underwent transrectal US, DRE and determination of serum total PSA and PSA density. Free PSA and free PSA/total PSA ratio were determined in 128 patients with PSA 4-10 ng/ml. Seventy had a second biopsy, 8 a third and 3 had a fourth biopsy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall diagnostic yield was 40%. Biopsy was positive in 27% of patients with PSA 4-10 ng/ml; of these, 64% showed a positive DRE, 21% showed a negative DRE and 13% were negative for both DRE and transrectal US. DRE was positive in 32% of patients with PSA greater than 10 ng/ml, 39% of those with PSA 10-20 ng/ml and 62% of those with PSA greater than 20 ng/ml; transrectal US was positive in 58% of patients with PSA 10-20 ng/ml and in 77% of those with PSA greater than 20 ng/ml. A high specificity was found for both DRE and transrectal US. In patients with PSA 4-10 ng/ml, PSA density at a cutoff of 0.15 ng/ml/cc showed a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 20%, respectively. A second biopsy was positive in 20% of patients with a persistently elevated PSA and the incidence of tumors theoretically of little importance was 13%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients aged less than 70 years whose general condition permit aggressive treatment of prostate cancer should undergo US-guided transrectal biopsy if PSA is greater than 4 ng/ml, regardless of DRE and ultrasound findings. PSA less than 20 ng/ml, PSA density and free PSA/total PSA ratio must be considered for a second biopsy. Sextant biopsy appears to have a good diagnostic accuracy and does not require taking additional specimens or including the transitional zone in the first biopsy. Before classifying a tumor as being of little importance on the basis of the biopsy findings, another biopsy must be performed.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Ecografía Urológica Dr. T. Mayayo Dehesa, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mayayo Dehesa
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Patrón
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Zuccarino
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Arias Funez
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carrera Puerta
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: García González
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010173:Palpation; D011467:Prostate / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D019048:Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia / Q000175:diagnosis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D012007:Rectum; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen
vernacular_title: Biopsia transrectal ecodirigida. Análisis de los resultados en una serie de 1900 pacientes.