title: Dexamethasone attenuates acute macromolecular efflux increase evoked by smokeless tobacco extract.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine whether dexamethasone attenuates the acute increase in macromolecular efflux from the oral mucosa elicited by an aqueous extract of smokeless tobacco (STE) in vivo, and, if so, whether this response is specific. Using intravital microscopy, we found that 20-min suffusion of STE elicited significant, concentration-related leaky site formation and an increase in clearance of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran (FITC-dextran; mol mass 70 kDa) from the in situ hamster cheek pouch (P < 0.05). This response was significantly attenuated by dexamethasone (10 mg/kg iv). Dexamethasone also attenuated the bradykinin-induced leaky site formation and the increase in clearance of FITC-dextran from the cheek pouch. However, it had no significant effects on adenosine-induced responses. Dexamethasone had no significant effects on baseline arteriolar diameter and on bradykinin-induced vasodilation in the cheek pouch. Collectively, these data indicate that dexamethasone attenuates, in a specific fashion, the acute increase in macromolecular efflux from the in situ oral mucosa evoked by short-term suffusion of STE. We suggest that corticosteroids mitigate acute oral mucosa inflammation elicited by smokeless tobacco.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA.
authors.forename: X P
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Akhter
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ikezaki
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rubinstein
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001160:Arterioles / Q000187:drug effects; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002610:Cheek; D006224:Cricetinae; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003911:Dextrans / Q000378:metabolism; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008297:Male; D008647:Mesocricetus; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects; D018715:Microscopy, Video; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D010947:Plants, Toxic; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D003911:Dextrans; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; C015219:fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran; D003907:Dexamethasone; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate; D000241:Adenosine; D001920:Bradykinin