title: The changes in magnetic resonance properties of the fetal lungs: a first result and a potential tool for the non-invasive in utero demonstration of fetal lung maturation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure magnetic resonance parameters T1 and T2 of the fetal lungs and investigate the relationship of these parameters to changes in volume and gestation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Large teaching hospital in Nottingham and the Magnetic Resonance Centre at the University of Nottingham.
  
  
  METHODS
  Normal pregnancies from 20 weeks to term.
  
  
  METHODS
  T1, T2, and lung volume were measured in the fetus using echo-planar magnetic resonance imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  The relationship of T1 and T2 to gestational age and lung volume.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Linear regression demonstrated a significant relationship (P < 0.001) between gestational age and lung volume, T1 and T2. There was also a significant relationship between lung volume and T1 and T2 (P < 0-001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Relaxation time measurements give additional information to lung volume estimation in the assessment of lung physiology in utero. We have demonstrated the progressive changes which take place in the fetal lungs between 20 weeks and term. The physiological changes which can be demonstrated with this non-invasive technique may have an important application in the demonstration of fetal lung maturity in a prospective non-invasive manner.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nottingham University, UK.
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Gowland
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: I R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005325:Fetal Organ Maturity; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008168:Lung / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000196:embryology* / Q000502:physiology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies