title: Depression in women.
abstract: Depression is a common and serious psychiatric disorder, more common in women than in men. It can be triggered by abrupt hormonal changes, life events, or nothing at all. It causes enormous debility and significant mortality, and it costs the American economy hundreds of millions of dollars a year. Depression can be readily diagnosed and treated, but, more often than not, it is neither diagnosed nor effectively treated in the primary care setting. The stigma of mental illness and misconceptions about depression in particular, hinder recognition. The signs and symptoms of clinical depression as outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, are valid and reliable. Both psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacologic treatments are effective. The obstetrician/gynecologist plays a crucial role in identifying depression, helping the patient, and sometimes her family, to understand the nature of the problem, suggesting treatment, and facilitating either referral or treatment within the Ob-Gyn setting.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Family Physicians
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  After completion of this article, the reader will be able to understand the stigmata and misconceptions associated with a depression, to be aware of the various etiologies of depression and typical and atypical presentations, as well as the various management strategies for depression, and have a better understanding of which patients should be referred.
authors.affiliation: Rush University Medical College, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Stotland
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Stotland
mesh_terms: D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D015995:Prevalence; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000592:standards; D012017:Referral and Consultation