title: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial evaluating the cost-effectiveness of droperidol as a sedative premedication for EUS.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Droperidol is a neuroleptic agent with anti-emetic properties that produces mild sedation, reduced anxiety, and a state of mental detachment and indifference to one's surroundings. Routine premedication with droperidol has been shown to improve sedation during esophagogastroduodenoscopy and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. The purpose of this randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study was to determine whether premedication with droperidol improves sedation during routine upper endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in a cost-effective manner.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred consecutive patients referred for EUS were randomly assigned to receive either 2.5 mg or 5 mg of droperidol or placebo before the procedure. After EUS, the physician, nurse, and recovered patient scored various parameters of procedural sedation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the group receiving 5 mg of droperidol there was significantly less gagging at intubation, less retching during the procedure, better patient cooperation, less need for physical restraint, and improved nurses' and physician's impression of sedation. Significantly less meperidine and less midazolam were required for sedation, making medication costs significantly lower in the group receiving 5 mg droperidol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A 5 mg dose of droperidol given as premedication for routine upper EUS improves sedation during the procedure while significantly decreasing the overall cost of sedation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Winthrop-University Hospital, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Health Sciences Center, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rizzo
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bernstein
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gress
mesh_terms: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics*; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000191:economics*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004329:Droperidol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics*; D019160:Endosonography / Q000191:economics*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D017722:Hospital Charges; D006801:Humans; D011292:Premedication / Q000191:economics*
chemical_list: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia; D004329:Droperidol