title: Insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) receptor overexpression in breast cancers leads to insulin/IGF-I hybrid receptor overexpression: evidence for a second mechanism of IGF-I signaling.
abstract: The insulin receptor (IR) form hybrids with the closely related insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) receptor (IGF-I-R). Because most human breast carcinomas overexpress both the IR and the IGF-I-R, we evaluated whether the insulin/IGF-I hybrid receptor (Hybrid-R) is also overexpressed in these tumors and what role it plays in breast cancer biology. Using specific ELISAs and Western blots, we measured Hybrid-R content and function in 8 human cultured breast cancer cell lines and 39 human breast cancer specimens. Hybrid-R content and function were also compared to the content and function of the IR and the IGF-I-R. Hybrid-R content exceeded the IGF-I-R content in >75% of breast cancer specimens and was directly related to the molar ratio of both the IR and IGF-I-R content, suggesting that Hybrid-R formation occurred by random assembly of IR and IGF-I-R half-receptors. Hybrid-Rs became tyrosine autophosphorylated when breast cancer cells were exposed to IGF-I but not when they were exposed to insulin. In cells with an elevated Hybrid-R content, Hybrid-R autophosphorylation in response to IGF-I exceeded IGF-I-R autophosphorylation, suggesting that most of the IGF-I effect occurred via the Hybrid-R. Furthermore, Hybrid-Rs mediated growth in response to IGF-I, as indicated by experiments with blocking antibodies to the IGF-I-R. These data indicated therefore that: (a) Hybrid-Rs are present and play a major role in mediating the IGF-I signal in breast cancer; (b) their expression is directly related to IR overexpression; and (c) potential therapies designed to block IGF-I actions in breast cancer must take into account the role of these Hybrid-Rs.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Medicina Interna, Malattie Endocrine e del Metabolismo, Università di Catania, Ospedale Garibaldi, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pandini
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vigneri
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Costantino
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Frasca
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ippolito
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujita-Yamaguchi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Siddle
authors.forename: I D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Goldfine
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Belfiore
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002455:Cell Division; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011972:Receptor, Insulin / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D007328:Insulin; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1; D011972:Receptor, Insulin