Prevalence and determinants of hypertension in an un-industrialised rural population of North India.
Recent studies have indicated a rising prevalence of hypertension in rural and urban areas of India. A population-based survey was carried out during 1994-1995 in seven rural and non-industrialised villages around RaipurRani block in the state of Haryana, India, to determine the prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors. A total of 2559 individuals (86% of the eligible population) in the 16 to 70-year age group were interviewed using a pre-tested structured questionnaire to find out the lifestyle characteristics. Three blood pressure (BP) readings were recorded with a random zero sphygmomanometer at three different times. One hundred and fourteen individuals (4.5%) were found to be hypertensive according to JNC V criteria (BP of > or = 140/90 mm Hg). Mean systolic and diastolic BPs were 116.9 and 71.7 mmHg in males and 119.1 and 72.7 mm Hg in female subjects respectively (P < 0.001). Females had significantly higher prevalence of hypertension than males (5.8% vs 3.0%, P < 0.05). Mean age of hypertensives (50.3 +/- 13.5 years) was higher than normotensives (34.9 +/- 14.5 years, P < 0.001). The prevalence of various risk factors among hypertensives as compared to normotensives were alcohol consumption (43.2% vs 23.1%, only among males, P < 0.001), higher economic status (P < 0.001) and smoking (43% vs 41.5%, P > 0.05). In addition hypertensives had higher mean weight (53.8 kg vs 48.4 kg, P < 0.001) and higher body mass index (21.5 vs 18.9 kg/m2, P < 0.001). Analysis showed that advancing age, sedentary lifestyle, higher alcohol consumption and higher body mass index are the risk factors for hypertension in the rural un-industrialised population of India.
Malhotra
P
P
Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Kumari
S
S
Kumar
R
R
Jain
S
S
Sharma
B K
BK
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007194:India; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012016:Reference Values; D012424:Rural Population