title: In vitro production of cytokines is influenced by sulfatide and its precursor galactosylceramide.
abstract: Effects of sulfatide and its precursor galactosylceramide (gal-cer) on the kinetics of production of cytokines were studied. In human mononuclear leucocytes, gal-cer but not sulfatide induced significantly increased amounts of interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) mRNA. In phytohemagglutinin-stimulated cultures, gal-cer increased the levels of IL-1beta and IL-6 mRNA and secreted IL-1beta and IL-6, while sulfatide decreased the amounts of IL-6 mRNA and secreted IL-6. Gal-cer also increased TNF secretion. In lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cells, sulfatide but not gal-cer decreased the secretion of IL-1beta and IL-10, a potent suppressor of production of many cytokines. Thus, sulfatide and gal-cer affect cytokine production differently, most likely at the level of gene expression. This may have implications in diseases where inflammatory cytokines play a pathogenic role.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Inflammation Research, H:S Rigshospitalet National University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. bovin@post7.tele.dk
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Bovin
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fredman
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Månsson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Buschard
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bendtzen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D005699:Galactosylceramides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013433:Sulfoglycosphingolipids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D005699:Galactosylceramides; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013433:Sulfoglycosphingolipids; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha