title: Localization of the Th2 cytokines IL-3, IL-4, IL-10 at the fetomaternal interface during human and murine pregnancy and lack of requirement for Fas/Fas ligand interaction for a successful allogeneic pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Th2 cytokines and Fas/Fas ligand interactions are proposed to be part of the placental barrier that contribute to the success of allogeneic pregnancy. To fully understand the role regulation of Th2 cytokines, we must isolate and identify the cells that produce them. We also need to assess the requirement for Fas/Fas ligand interaction in facilitating a successful allogeneic pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  To assess the site of production of Th2 cytokines, we used immunohistochemistry sections from placental and decidual tissue obtained at various stages of gestation in mice and humans. We used mice that are genetically deficient in Fas/Fas ligand interactions and raised specific anti-paternal CTLs by anti-paternal immunization of the mother before mating.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The detailed results show that in both species the bulk of Th2 production may come from non-lymphoid tissues in the placenta and decidua, with a major role for trophoblasts. This raises questions about the mechanism(s) by which alloimmunization enhances local Th2 cytokine production. This issue is discussed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The success of allopregnancy in mice with circulating anti-paternal CTLs and deficient Fas/Fas ligand interactions rules out a mandatory role for such a mechanism in ensuring the success of allogeneic pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Clamart, France.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chaouat
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cayol
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mairovitz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dubanchet
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D003656:Decidua / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange / Q000276:immunology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008808:Mice, Inbred CBA; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D010920:Placenta / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D013154:Spleen; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000276:immunology*; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; C505661:FASLG protein, human; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; C505658:Fasl protein, mouse; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D019014:fas Receptor