title: L-type calcium current and contractility in ventricular myocytes from mice overexpressing the cardiac beta 2-adrenoceptor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The reported increase in basal activity of hearts from transgenic mice (TG4) overexpressing the human beta 2-adrenoceptor (beta 2-AR) was explained by spontaneously active beta 2-ARs that stimulate the beta-adrenergic cascade in the absence of an agonist. In order to examine altered myocardial function on a cellular level, we have investigated L-type calcium current (ICa,L) and cell shortening in ventricular myocytes from TG4 hearts. Myocytes from littermates (LM) and wild type animals (WT) served as controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cardiac beta-AR density was measured by [125I]-iodocyanopindolol binding to ventricular membranes. ICa,L was assessed by standard whole-cell voltage clamp technique. Contractility was measured as cell shortening in ventricular myocytes and as force of contraction in electrically stimulated left atria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overexpression of beta 2-ARs was confirmed by an almost 400-fold increase in beta-AR density. The beta 1:beta 2-AR ratio in WT mice was 71:29. Myocytes from TG4 and LM mice were similar in size as judged by membrane capacitance and two dimensional cell area. ICa,L amplitude was significantly lower in TG4 than in LM myocytes (with 2 mM [Ca2+]o -4.82 +/- 0.48 vs. -6.56 +/- 0.38 pA/pF, respectively). In TG4 myocytes, the ICa,L response to isoproterenol (1 microM) was almost abolished. Cell shortening was not different in physiological [Ca2+]o, but smaller in maximum [Ca2+]o when comparing TG4 to control myocytes. Basal force of contraction in left atria did not differ between TG4 and LM at any age investigated. In TG4 left atria the inotropic response to isoproterenol was also absent, whereas responses to high [Ca2+]o or dibutyryl-cAMP (1 mM) were present but reduced. The rate of spontaneous beating of right atria was elevated in TG4 mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since only spontaneous beating rate but neither basal ICa,L amplitude nor basal contractile activity were elevated, our data fail to reveal evidence for spontaneously active, stimulating beta 2-ARs in left atrium and ventricle. A contractile deficit unrelated to the beta-adrenoceptor pathway is evident in TG4 myocytes and left atria.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Heubach
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Trebess
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wettwer
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Himmel
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Michel
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Kaumann
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Harding
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ravens
mesh_terms: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D003994:Bucladesine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D048429:Cell Size; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D015870:Gene Expression; D006325:Heart Atria; D020120:Iodocyanopindolol / Q000494:pharmacology; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D015220:Calcium Channels; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; D003994:Bucladesine; D020120:Iodocyanopindolol; D007545:Isoproterenol; D002118:Calcium