title: Influence of exercise mode and carbohydrate on the immune response to prolonged exercise.
abstract: The influence of exercise mode and 6% carbohydrate (C) versus placebo (P) beverage ingestion on lymphocyte proliferation, natural killer cell cytotoxicity (NKCA), Interleukin (IL)-1beta production, and hormonal responses to 2.5 hr of intense running and cycling (approximately 75% VO2max) was measured in 10 triathletes serving as their own controls. The C versus P condition (but not exercise mode) resulted in higher plasma glucose concentrations, lower plasma cortisol concentrations, reduced postexercise lymphocytosis and NKCA, and a lessened T-cell reduction during recovery, No condition or mode effects were observed for concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin-induced lymphocyte proliferation. Significant mode (but not condition) effects were observed for lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-1beta production over time. However, when expressed per monocyte, the mode effect was abolished and a sustained suppression in IL-1beta/monocyte was observed in all sessions throughout recovery. These data indicate that carbohydrate ingestion significantly affects plasma glucose and cortisol concentrations, blood lymphocyte counts, and NKCA, whereas exercise mode has no effect on these parameters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Henson
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Nieman
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Blodgett
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Butterworth
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Utter
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sonnenfeld
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Morton
authors.forename: O R
authors.initials: OR
authors.lastname: Fagoaga
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Nehlsen-Cannarella
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001628:Beverages; D001642:Bicycling; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007109:Immunity; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010919:Placebos; D012420:Running
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D007375:Interleukin-1; D010919:Placebos