title: Optimization of the immunosuppressive protocol after lung transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The successful use of tacrolimus (Tac)-based immunosuppressive therapy in organ transplantation and our own positive experience in heart transplantation led us to investigate regimens including this agent at our center for lung transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1991 to 1998, 86 patients underwent lung transplants at our center and 78 of them were included in this analysis. The first 34 patients were treated with cyclosporin (CsA), azathioprine (Aza), and rabbit antilymphocyte globulin; the subsequent 30 patients received Tac with Aza, and the most recent 12 patients Tac with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). In addition, all patients received prednisone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of acute rejection episodes per 100 patient days was 1.5, 0.6, and 0.3 for three treatment groups, respectively. Similarly, the incidence of refractory acute rejection per 100 patient days was lower in both Tac groups (0.20, 0.03, and 0, respectively). Freedom from acute rejection was highest in the Tac-MMF group (P=0.0037 vs. Tac/Aza, P=0.0007 vs. CsA/Aza). Freedom from recurrent acute rejection was significantly higher in both Tac groups (P=0.027 Tac/ Aza vs. CsA/Aza and P=0.025 Tac/MMF vs. CsA/Aza). The incidence of infections per 100 patient days was similar (0.8, 0.5, and 0.8) in all three treatment groups, with a similar distribution of fungal, bacterial, and viral infections. Freedom from infection also showed no difference. The survival rate was significantly higher for the Tac population, with actuarial 1- and 3-year survival rates of 93% and 71%, compared with the CsA group (71% and 51%, respectively, P=0.04). Prevalence of renal dysfunction (creatinine >2.0 mg/ dL) was 18%, 13%, and 0% in the 3 treatment groups, respectively. The development of glucose metabolism disorders was lower in the CsA group than in the Tac-Aza group (15% vs. 27%, P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tac-based immunosuppressive therapy results in a lower rate of acute rejection after pulmonary transplantation, with similar infection rates and a slightly higher incidence of new onset diabetes mellitus compared with CsA-based therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany. hcr@hchmed.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Reichenspurner
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kur
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Treede
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Meiser
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Deutsch
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Welz
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vogelmeier
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schwaiblmair
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fürst
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Briegel
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Reichart
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000961:Antilymphocyte Serum / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001379:Azathioprine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011241:Prednisone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011817:Rabbits; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000961:Antilymphocyte Serum; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D003404:Creatinine; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid; D001379:Azathioprine; D011241:Prednisone; D016559:Tacrolimus