title: Intravenous urography in urinary tract surveillance in carcinoma of the bladder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The need for intravenous urography (IVU) in upper tract surveillance for primary transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder is contentious. We reviewed our intensive screening policy in the follow-up of these patients to ascertain if such a policy is required and if specific groups could be identified to rationalise this protocol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review of the clinical and radiological data on 174 patients with a diagnosis of primary TCC of the bladder attending a teaching hospital urology department.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight upper tract 'lesions' were identified: six TCC and two false-positive examinations using IVU. No link was demonstrable between upper tract recurrence and tumour stage, grade or multiplicity at diagnosis. All had recurrent bladder tumour but four of the six upper tract tumours occurred at 72 months or later. Twenty-nine patients over the study period developed either a dilated pelvi-calyceal system or a non-functioning kidney detected on IVU.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Upper tract TCC can present late and patients with early bladder recurrence and those who do not show a reduction in bladder tumour number at follow-up cystoscopy are most at risk. IVU can probably be safely abandoned in those without local recurrence at 24 months. IVU is sensitive but not specific for upper tract tumour but also yields other relevant clinical information concerning the renal tract. Screening for upper tract metachronous disease should therefore be confined to those with recurrent transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hession
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Flynn
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goodfellow
authors.forename: L N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Murthy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014567:Urography / Q000379:methods