title: Intermediate results of extended pancreaticoduodenectomy. Verona experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Extended pancreaticoduodenectomy (EPD) with retroperitoneal lymphatic, neural, and connective clearance has been proposed to improve survival in patients with carcinomas of the head of the pancreas. The open questions are: does EPD allow better staging of the tumor? Does it reduce local recurrences? And does it improve survival?
  
  
  METHODS
  We treated 26 patients by EPD between January 1994 and September 1996. Eighteen patients had pancreatic ductal carcinoma, 7, periampullary carcinoma; and 1, intraductal papillary mucinous carcinoma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pancreatic cancers were International Union against Cancer (UICC) stage I in 3 patients, stage III in 14, and stage IV in 1. Two patients with stage III disease would have been considered as having stage I without EPD. Pancreatic cancer and periampullary carcinoma patients had a 3-year actuarial survival of 32% and 86%, respectively. At a mean follow-up time of 22.5 months (range, 6-39 months), 3 pancreatic cancer patients (16.6%) had loco-regional recurrences, 6 patients (33%) had distant metastases, and 1 (5.5%) had distant and loco-regional recurrences. Only 1 of 7 patients with periampullary carcinoma had distant metastasis 20 months after resection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EPD seems to decrease the rate of local recurrences and allows more correct staging. The intermediate survival results are encouraging but a definitive conclusion awaits longer follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery C, University of Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Iacono
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Facci
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bortolasi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zamboni
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scarpa
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Talamini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Prati
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nifosí
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Serio
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002285:Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000517:prevention & control; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016577:Pancreaticoduodenectomy / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate