title: Role of saccharides on lung preservation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Saccharides are considered to play a role as osmotic impermeants and serve as an energy source for the organ during ischemia. However, previous studies on the effectiveness of saccharides on organ preservation have yielded conflicting results. We compared the preservative effects of a monosaccharide (glucose), disaccharides (trehalose, maltose, sucrose), and a trisaccharide (raffinose) to investigate whether the effects of saccharides on lung preservation depend on their molecular weight, energy-level maintenance, and cytoprotective effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used an ex vivo rat lung model using homologous blood as the perfusate. In the fresh group, the lungs were reperfused immediately after flush. In the other groups, the lungs were flushed with one of the solutions containing glucose, trehalose, maltose, sucrose, or raffinose and preserved for 14 hours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of the trehalose group were comparable to those of the fresh group. The glucose, maltose, and raffinose groups showed significantly higher levels of shunt fraction, pulmonary artery pressure, and peak inspiratory pressure compared with the fresh and trehalose groups. There were no differences among the groups in the levels of total adenine nucleotides, adenosine triphosphate of the lung after flush, and preservation. However, after reperfusion, levels of total adenine nucleotides became significantly lower in the glucose, sucrose, maltose, and raffinose groups. Ultrastructural examination revealed endothelial cell injury in the glucose, sucrose, maltose, and raffinose groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show that the effects of saccharides may depend on their cytoprotective effect rather than on impermeant activity or energy-level maintenance of the preserved lung. Trehalose proved to be superior to the other saccharides.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukuse
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawashima
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hitomi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wada
mesh_terms: D000227:Adenine Nucleotides / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000502:physiology*; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D007773:Lactates / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009005:Monosaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D009926:Organ Preservation; D009929:Organ Size; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D014199:Trehalose / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000227:Adenine Nucleotides; D002241:Carbohydrates; D007773:Lactates; D009005:Monosaccharides; D011134:Polysaccharides; D014199:Trehalose; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase