title: P-glycoprotein-dependent disposition kinetics of tacrolimus: studies in mdr1a knockout mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was performed to evaluate the involvement of P-glycoprotein in disposition kinetics of tacrolimus (FK506), a substrate of P-glycoprotein, in the body.
  
  
  METHODS
  The blood and tissue concentrations of FK506 after i.v. or p.o. administration (2 mg/kg) to normal and mdr1a knockout mice were measured by competitive enzyme immunoassay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The blood concentrations in knockout mice were significantly higher than those in normal mice. The value of the total clearance (CLtot) for knockout mice (19.3 mL/min/kg) was about 1/3 of that for normal mice (55.8 mL/min/kg)(P < 0.001), although there was no significant difference in the distribution volume at the steady-state (Vd(ss)) (about 4.6 L/kg) between both types of mice. FK506 rapidly penetrated the blood-brain barrier and the brain concentration reached a maximum, which was about 10 times higher in knockout mice than in normal mice, 1 hr after administration. The brain concentration in normal mice thereafter decreased slowly, whereas in knockout mice, an extremely high concentration was maintained for 24 hr.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pharmacokinetic behavior of FK506 in the tissue distribution is related with the function of P-glycoprotein encoded by the mdrla gene. The brain distribution of FK506 is dominated by the P-glycoprotein-mediated drug efflux and presumably also by the binding to FK-binding proteins (immunophilins) in the brain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yokogawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tamai
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Konishi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moritani
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsuji
mesh_terms: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001659:Biliary Tract / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D004064:Digestive System / Q000378:metabolism; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple / Q000235:genetics; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013997:Time Factors; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016559:Tacrolimus