title: Light deprivation soon after frontal brain trauma accelerates recovery from attentional deficits and promotes functional normalization of basal ganglia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Light deprivation significantly accelerates recovery from attention deficits (neglect) after cortical ablation in rats. We hypothesized that light deprivation would improve recovery after traumatic contusive brain injury (TBI) and do so by enhancing dopaminergic function in the ipsilateral basal ganglia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult rats received left frontal contusion injury and were placed into darkness or standard light/dark cycling for 48 hours. Neurologic evaluation included attentional and sensorimotor tasks. Amphetamine-induced production of the immediate early gene protein product Fos was quantified to determine neuronal dopaminergic response in caudate-putamen (striatum).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Unilateral frontal TBI produced severe contralateral deficits in all tasks. Postoperative light deprivation resulted in improved recovery from attentional but not sensorimotor deficits. Five days after injury, ipsilateral striatal Fos expression was reduced by 51% in TBI rats experiencing normal light cycling (p < 0.006). In contrast, postoperative light deprivation normalized striatal Fos expression. By 6 weeks, all TBI rats demonstrated nearly full recovery and striatal Fos expression was symmetrical between the two striata.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Postoperative light deprivation may improve recovery from TBI-induced attention deficits by normalizing basal ganglia function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Hennepin County Medical Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55404, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Vargo
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Grachek
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Rockswold
mesh_terms: D000661:Amphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001288:Attention; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000628:therapy*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D003624:Darkness; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000293:injuries*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D016762:Genes, fos / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D012683:Sensory Deprivation / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D000661:Amphetamine