title: A parasympathetic ganglion innervating the harderian gland and lacrimal gland of the musk shrew (Suncus murinus): fluorescent tracing and immunohistochemical studies.
abstract: A small ganglion, named the peri-trigeminal ganglion (PTG), was found in the ventromedial border of the rostral half of the trigeminal ganglion (TG) in the musk shrew (Suncus murinus). In frontal sections, the PTG was semicircular or elliptical in shape. Most of the neurons constituting this ganglion were round in shape and much smaller than those of the TG. The retrograde fluorescent tracer fluoro-gold was injected into various regions of the face in order to investigate innervation by the PTG neurons. When the tracer was injected subcutaneously around the external acoustic meatus and around the circumference of the orbit, a number of labeled neurons were seen not only in the TG but also in the PTG. After applying the tracer to the lacrimal gland (LG) and the harderian gland (HG), numerous labeled neurons were detected only in the PTG. A few labeled neurons were found in the PTG after injection into the palatoglossal arch. Immunohistochemically, most of the neurons constituting the PTG were positive for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) antiserum. And a moderate number of somatostatin (SOM)-immunoreactive neurons and a small number of leucine-enkephalin (L-ENK)-immunoreactive neurons were detected. Numerous substance P-immunoreactive nerve fibers and varicosities were found in the PTG, and fewer L-ENK-, SOM- and VIP-immunoreactive fibers were observed. The present results suggest that the PTG is an autonomic ganglion that resembles in part the pterygopalatine ganglion in other species, and mainly innervates the HG and LG.
authors.affiliation: Department of 1st Anatomy, Hyogo College of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004743:Enkephalin, Leucine / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D005726:Ganglia, Parasympathetic / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000737:chemistry; D006243:Harderian Gland / Q000294:innervation*; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007765:Lacrimal Apparatus / Q000294:innervation*; D008297:Male; D009412:Nerve Fibers; D009474:Neurons / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D012788:Shrews / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000032:analysis; D013266:Stilbamidines; D012668:Trigeminal Ganglion / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: C049774:2-hydroxy-4,4'-diamidinostilbene, methanesulfonate salt; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D013266:Stilbamidines; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; D013004:Somatostatin; D004743:Enkephalin, Leucine