title: Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) gene polymorphism confers susceptibility to thyroid associated orbitopathy.
abstract: Smoking and demographic variables are known to be risk factors for the development of thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) among patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism, but a firm genetic basis for TAO has not been established. We show that the presence and severity of TAO are associated with an allele of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4-gene.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vaidya
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Imrie
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Perros
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dickinson
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: McCarthy
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kendall-Taylor
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Pearce
mesh_terms: D000069594:Abatacept; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000483:Alleles; D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000235:genetics*; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C556706:CTLA4 protein, human; D005819:Genetic Markers; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D000069594:Abatacept