title: Ethnicity and long-term outcome after an acute coronary event. Multicenter Myocardial Ischemia Research Group.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The role of ethnicity on the long-term outcome after myocardial infarction is not fully understood.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We analyzed the data from the Multicenter Study of Myocardial Ischemia in North America and Japan. We enrolled patients after acute myocardial infarction (MI) or unstable angina, with follow-up for 6 to 43 months, an average of 26 months. Among patients enrolled, there were 627 white, 158 black, and 109 Asian patients. Unadjusted cardiac events (cardiac death or nonfatal MI) were more frequent in black patients than in the other 2 ethnic groups (12% in blacks, 6. 4% in whites, 4.0% in Asians, P =.022). Although insulin-dependent diabetes, history of hypertension, and female sex were most frequent in black subjects, coronary angioplasty and thrombolysis at index event were done equally. After adjusting for several covariates, Cox analyses revealed that the black group was significantly associated with cardiac events (hazard ratio 6.5, P =.002). Subgroup analyses showed that the event rate among patients who had a higher educational level (6.1% in whites, 5.9% in blacks, and 7.0% in Asian, P =.94) or who were in a professional occupational class (5.7% in whites, 4.0% in blacks, and 4.8% in Asians, P = 1.0) was not different among the 3 ethnic groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Blacks have an increased rate of cardiac events after MI, and a lower socioeconomic status may contribute to the adverse outcome in this ethnic group.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Otsu, Japan. nakamura@belle.shiga-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Moss
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kawai
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D044466:Asian People; D044383:Black People; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000473:pathology; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012923:Social Class; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data