title: Modification of subcutaneous adipose tissue by a methylxanthine formulation: a double-blind controlled study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Excessive subcutaneous adipose tissue is typically treated by physically removing the fat through liposuction, but cost and accessibility have popularized alternative treatments for reducing adipose tissue thickness.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to test the absolute and relative effectiveness of a liposome-encapsulated caffeine-based cream in modifying subcutaneous adipose tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-one patients consented and completed the double-blind, single-center, placebo-controlled study. Caliper measurements, tape measurements, and photographs were taken over a 2-month period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both concentrations of the cream were found to significantly reduce the thickness of the adipose tissue in all areas of the body. In addition, the more concentrated cream was significantly more effective than the less concentrated cream in the areas of the hips and the triceps.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The caffeine-based liposome-encapsulated cream significantly reduced the thickness of the subcutaneous fat over a 2-month period.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lesser
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ritvo
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Moy
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000886:Anthropometry; D002110:Caffeine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008081:Liposomes; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009824:Ointments; D014970:Xanthines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D008081:Liposomes; D009824:Ointments; D014970:Xanthines; C008514:methylxanthine; D002110:Caffeine