title: [Causes of failure in psychopharmacological treatment of anxiety disorder].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A comprehensive review of literature on the causes of failure in pharmacologic treatment of panic disorder (PD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  PD has high rates of response to psychopharmacological treatment, reaching up to 80-90%. However, in a small percentage of cases (10-20%), the disorder is refractory to the combination of drugs and psychotherapy, at correct dosages and during adequate time periods. Refractoriness in PD is not a well-known issue as few studies have addressed this question. Intolerance to psychotropic drugs is usually reported to be the commonest cause, especially to antidepressants. Other causes are: comorbidity (especially with depressive disorders, personality disorders, and alcohol abuse, as well as with medical conditions); severe panic attacks; severe agoraphobia; and long illness duration. <<Pseudo-refractory>> PD is to be ruled out, since incorrect diagnosis, incorrect treatment, or bad compliance are common causes of a poor response. We review treatment approaches for PD when no response is achieved with antidepressants (TCA, SSRI, MAOI), alprazolam and cognitive-behaviour therapy. Two recommended strategies are drug potentiation and use of clonazepam.
authors.affiliation: Sección de Psiquiatría, Hospital Sagrado Corazón (La Alianza), Barcelona, 08021, España.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seguí
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Márquez
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Canet
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: García
mesh_terms: D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003951:Diagnostic Errors; D006801:Humans; D012008:Recurrence; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents