title: Assessing the quality of newspaper medical advice columns for elderly readers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Medical advice columns in newspapers can provide a valuable service by educating the general public about important health-related issues. However, these columns may be harmful if the advice or information given in them is incomplete, inappropriate or misleading. The objective of this study was to assess the safety and appropriateness of advice given to elderly readers of newspapers in medical advice columns.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical advice columns published in Canadian newspapers in 1995 were identified from a CD-ROM database. The articles that were selected were published in English and contained medical advice pertinent to elderly people about topics that could be found in a textbook of geriatric medicine. Fifty articles, randomly selected from the 109 articles that met these criteria, were independently assessed by 5 geriatricians. A scoring system was used to rate the ability to determine to which population the article applied, how well fact was distinguished from opinion, the degree to which critical issues were addressed, the safety and the appropriateness of the advice. When the kappa statistic for inter-rater agreement was 0.74 or less, a 2-stage Delphi process was used in an attempt to reach consensus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Agreement (kappa > 0.74) was eventually achieved for 232 (92.8%) of the 250 ratings. In 4 (8%) of the articles there was a high probability that the advice given could be applied to the wrong patient population; in 7 (14%) there was a high probability that opinion might be interpreted as fact; and in 11 (22%) the major critical issues were not identified. Of greatest concern, however, the advice in 25 (50%) of the articles was judged to be inappropriate, and in 14 (28%) advice may have been dangerous and potentially life-threatening.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although medical advice columns have the potential to improve the health of elderly readers, a significant percentage of these articles contain inappropriate or even potentially dangerous advice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ont.
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Molnar
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Man-Son-Hing
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Dalziel
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Power
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Byszewski
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: St John
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002170:Canada; D003697:Delphi Technique; D006266:Health Education / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D009524:Newspapers as Topic / Q000592:standards*; D011641:Public Relations