title: Radiation exposure to children during coil occlusion of the patent ductus arteriosus.
abstract: The risks of excessive exposure to ionizing radiation are well described and measures are routinely taken to limit such exposure to both patient and personnel in the catheterization laboratory. Coll occlusion of the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) as well as other more complex pediatric interventions has raised concern regarding radiation exposure, particularly as minimally invasive surgical techniques are being developed which lack such exposure risk. In eight consecutive patients, aged 0.7-7 years (median, 2.3 years), coil occlusion of a PDA was performed and surface entrance radiation dose determined by thermoluminescent dosimetry (TD). Total cumulative doses (PA + lateral dose) were also calculated for each patient. Entrance and cumulative dose was likewise measured in 12 patients undergoing standard diagnostic catheterization (DC) and in 5 consecutive patients undergoing pulmonary balloon valvuloplasty (PBV). The groups were comparable in age, weight, and body surface area (BSA). Total cumulative dose in the PDA patients was 97 +/- 25 mGy (mean +/- SE). There was no significant difference between the three groups in entrance dose absorbed at each location or in total cumulative dose. The mean total fluoroscopy time in the PDA occlusion group was significantly less than that of the PBV group (10.1 +/- 1.81 min vs. 19.3 +/- 2.29 min, P < 0.05) but was comparable to the DC group (13.2 +/- 1.5 min, P = NS). When the subjects were analyzed collectively, no correlation between fluoroscopy time and measured entrance dose was observed. The strongest correlates of total cumulative dose were patient weight (r = 0.67, P < 0.001) and BSA (r = 0.62, P = 0.001). Patients undergoing coil occlusion of a PDA are not exposed to increased radiation entrance dose compared to those undergoing standard DC and PBV. Furthermore, surface entrance radiation dose as determined by TD varies according to patient size for a given fluoroscopy time.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sweet
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Arheart
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Beekman
mesh_terms: D001827:Body Height; D001830:Body Surface Area; D001835:Body Weight; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D002404:Catheterization; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D011664:Pulmonary Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D015641:Radiography, Interventional / Q000009:adverse effects; D012867:Skin / Q000528:radiation effects; D013819:Thermoluminescent Dosimetry