title: Surgical management of transposition of great arteries associated with multiple ventricular septal defects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The presence of associated multiple ventricular septal defects (VSDs) increases the risk of the anatomic repair for transposition of the great arteries (TGA). The aim of this study was to define the optimal management of this complex anomaly.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 1988 and December 1998, 45 patients underwent anatomic repair of TGA associated with multiple VSDs. The median age was 50 days and the median weight 4 kg. Eighteen (40%) had undergone previous palliation including 17 pulmonary artery banding procedure (PAB), seven associated with coarctation repair and one isolated coarctation repair. The perimembraneous septum was involved in 24 patients, the trabecular in 43, the inlet in seven and the infundibular in two. Closure of the VSDs included Dacron or pericardial patchs and matress sutures. The initial approach was through right atriotomy which was sufficient in 15 patients. VSDs were closed through right ventriculotomy in 13 patients, through pulmonary artery in six, through the aorta in one and in the remaining (n = 10) combined approaches were used. Only one patient required left apical ventriculotomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were five hospital deaths (11%; 70% CL: 6-18%) including the one early reoperation for residual VSD closure. Five patients had successful early reoperation for secondary PAB for residual VSD. Three late deaths occurred (7%; 70% CL: 3-13%). At the last visit, 95% of survivors were asymptomatic and without any cardiac medication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mid-term survival with good quality of life can be achieved following either one or two-stage repair of this complex anomaly. In the presence of VSD closure failure a secondary PAB may be the procedure of choice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Paris-Sud University, Marie Lannelongue Hospital, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Belli
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lacour-Gayet
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Serraf
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Alkhulaifi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Touchot
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bruniaux
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Planché
mesh_terms: D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014188:Transposition of Great Vessels / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*