title: Impact on the composition of the faecal flora by a new probiotic preparation: preliminary data on maintenance treatment of patients with ulcerative colitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) oral compounds are the standard maintenance treatment for ulcerative colitis in remission, some patients cannot use them because of side-effects. Clinical and experimental observations have suggested the potential role of probiotics in inflammatory bowel disease therapy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects on intestinal microflora and the clinical efficacy of a new probiotic preparation in patients with ulcerative colitis in remission.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients with ulcerative colitis, intolerant or allergic to 5-ASA, have been treated with a new probiotic preparation (VSL#3, CSL, Milan, Italy) containing 5x10(11) cells/g of 3 strains of bifidobacteria, 4 strains of lactobacilli and 1 strain of Streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus. Two doses of 3 g were administered o.d. for 12 months. Faecal samples for stool culture were obtained from the patients at the beginning of the trial and after 10, 20, 40, 60, 75, 90 days, 12 months and at 15 days after the end of the treatment. The following bacterial groups have been evaluated in the faeces: total aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, enterococci, Streptococcus thermophilus, lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, Bacteroides, clostridia, coliforms. Patients were assessed clinically every two months, and assessed endoscopically at 6 and 12 months or in relapse.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Faecal concentrations of Streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus, lactobacilli and bifidobacteria increased significantly in all patients, compared to their basal level, from the 20th day of treatment (P<0.05) and remained stable throughout the study. Concentrations of Bacteroides, clostridia, coliforms, total aerobic and anaerobic bacteria did not change significantly during treatment (P = N.S.). Fifteen of 20 treated patients remained in remission during the study, one patient was lost to follow up, while the remaining relapsed. No significant side-effects have been reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show that this probiotic preparation is able to colonize the intestine, and suggest that it may be useful in maintaining the remission in ulcerative colitis patients intolerant or allergic to 5-ASA. Controlled trials are warranted to confirm these preliminary results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, University of Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Venturi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gionchetti
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rizzello
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zucconi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brigidi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Matteuzzi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Campieri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001644:Bifidobacterium; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007778:Lactobacillus; D008297:Male; D019804:Mesalamine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D019936:Probiotics / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012008:Recurrence; D013291:Streptococcus
chemical_list: D019804:Mesalamine