title: Common carotid intima-media thickness and arterial stiffness: indicators of cardiovascular risk in high-risk patients. The SMART Study (Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Common carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and distensibility are markers of structural and functional vessel wall properties. Both parameters have been found in population-based studies to be associated with cardiovascular risk factors and prevalent cardiovascular disease. We investigated cross-sectionally whether IMT and distensibility are associated with cardiovascular risk in patients who already have vascular disease or atherosclerotic risk factors and evaluated the diagnostic ability of IMT and distensibility to discriminate between low- and high-risk patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IMT and distensibility (change of diameter) of the left and right common carotid arteries were measured in the first 570 patients (537 for distensibility) enrolled in the Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease (SMART) study, a cohort study among patients with a manifestation of vascular disease or cardiovascular risk factors. Three risk scores were used to classify each patient's vascular risk. Areas under the curve (AUCs) of receiver-operating characteristic curves were calculated for IMT and distensibility after the patients were dichotomized on the median of the risk scores as the outcome. Risk scores increased nearly linearly with increasing IMT and decreasing distensibility. The AUCs for IMT predicting high-risk patients were 0.77, 0.73, and 0.77 based on the 3 risk scores. The AUCs for distensibility were 0. 65, 0.62, and 0.66.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Common carotid IMT and distensibility are clear markers of cardiovascular risk in patients who already have vascular disease or atherosclerotic risk factors. IMT appears to discriminate between low- and high-risk patients better than distensibility.
authors.affiliation: Julius Center for Patient Oriented Research, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Simons
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Algra
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bots
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Grobbee
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: van der Graaf
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000473:pathology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common / Q000473:pathology*; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000473:pathology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000473:pathology; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000473:pathology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000473:pathology; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012078:Renal Artery Obstruction / Q000473:pathology; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000473:pathology; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000473:pathology