title: MRI guidance of infra-red laser liver tumour ablations, utilising an open MRI configuration system: technique and early progress.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Primary and secondary liver tumours are a common clinical problem, with a poor prognosis in most cases. Surgical resection offers the best outcome, but is only appropriate for the minority. Thermal ablation techniques have been described, but the lack of an optimal means of monitoring has limited their use. We undertook a pilot study to assess the feasibility and safety of an integrated MR-guided laser thermoablation technique under local anaesthesia using a real-time colourisation thermal monitoring technique in a newly developed open MR scanner.
  
  
  METHODS
  Liver tumours were punctured after the administration of intravenous Mangafodipir trisodium (MnDPDP) using real-time MR image guidance under local or general anaesthesia, and treated using a water-cooled interstitial fibre and a Nd-YAG laser source. Twenty-seven procedures were performed in 12 patients. Therapy was monitored using a real-time MR colourisation sequence. Thermoablation was followed by a colour change in a region of interest.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thermal lesions of mean size 3 cm in diameter were produced with a maximum size of 5 cm. Eight out of 12 patients were discharged the next day with few significant complications. Repeat procedures have been performed in seven of 12 patients. Two patients with lesions of 3 cm diameter have had complete tumour ablation with only one procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percutaneous laser thermoablation for liver tumours performed as an integrated one-step technique in an open configuration MR scanner is described. It can be safely performed under local anaesthesia in the majority of patients, with few side effects. MR control shows the site and size of the evolving thermal lesions, allowing appropriate action to be taken in terms of further burns, time of application and power applied.
authors.affiliation: Interventional Magnetic Resonance Unit, Imperial College School of Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: de Jode
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Lamb
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Taylor-Robinson
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Gedroyc
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000601:surgery*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / Q000601:surgery; D010865:Pilot Projects