title: Near-field speech intelligibility in chemical-biological warfare masks.
abstract: It is common knowledge among field personnel that poor speech intelligibility can occur when chemical-biological warfare (CBW) masks are worn: indeed, many users resort to hand signals for person-to-person communicative purposes. This study was conducted in an effort to generate basic information about the problem; its focus was on the assessment of, and comparisons among, the communicative efficiency of seven different CBW units. Near-field word intelligibility was assessed by use of rhyming minimal contrast tests; user and acoustic restrictions were studied by means of diadochokinetic tests and system frequency response. The near-field word intelligibility of six American-designed masks varied somewhat, but overall it was reasonably good; however, a Russian unit did not perform well. Second, three of the U.S. masks were found to produce less physiological restraint than the others, and the Soviet mask produced the greatest physiological restraint. Finally, a few of the CBW masks also exhibited very low levels of acoustic distortion. Accordingly, it was concluded that two of the several configurations studied exhibited superior features. Other factors being equal, they can be recommended for field use and as a basis for the development of future generations of CBW masks. However, it also should be noted that although these devices provided reasonably good speech intelligibility when the listener was close to the talker, they do not appear to do so even at minimal distances.
authors.affiliation: Institute for the Advanced Study of the Communication Processes, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bishop
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Bahr
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Gelfer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001694:Biological Warfare / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003142:Communication; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D008887:Military Medicine; D008889:Military Personnel; D012134:Respiratory Protective Devices / Q000592:standards*; D012426:Russia; D013065:Speech Intelligibility; D014481:United States