title: Effects of prepartum supplementary fat and muscle hypertrophy genotype on cold tolerance in newborn calves.
abstract: Effects of feeding pregnant dams supplemental dietary fat during the last 55 d of gestation on cold tolerance of newborn crossbred calves with (Piedmontese cross, P, n = 15) or without (Hereford cross, H, n = 16) the muscle hypertrophy allele was determined. Primiparous F1 dams gestating F2 calves of the respective breeds were assigned randomly within breed to receive gestation diets containing either 2.2 (Low Fat; LF) or 5.1% fat (High Fat; HF). Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seeds containing 37% oil with 79% linoleic acid were the supplemental fat source in diets formulated to be isocaloric-isonitrogenous. At parturition, calves were separated from their dams, fed 38 degrees C pooled dairy cow colostrum (30 mL/kg BW), muzzled to prevent suckling, and returned to their dams in a heated (22 degrees C) room for 3.5 h. At 4 h of age (birth = 0 h), a catheter was inserted into the jugular vein. At 5 h of age, calves were placed in a 0 degrees C room for 140 min, and rectal temperatures and blood samples were obtained at 10- and 20-min intervals. Blood was assayed for cortisol and glucose. Rectal temperature was affected by diet (P<.05), time, diet x time, and breed x time (P<.01 for time and the interactions). Cortisol and glucose concentrations were not affected by diet, breed, or the diet x breed interaction, but they were affected by time, breed x time (both P<.01), and diet x time (P = .06). Calves from HF dams had higher rectal temperatures than calves from LF dams, and the HF calves maintained higher rectal temperatures throughout cold exposure. Cortisol concentrations were lower (P = .06) in calves from HF dams, and these calves had more (P = .06) glucose available for metabolic heat production than calves from LF dams. Piedmontese-cross calves maintained higher (P<.01) rectal temperatures and had higher cortisol and glucose (both P<.01) concentrations than did H-cross calves. We conclude that feeding dams supplemental fat during late gestation increased heat production in newborn calves and potentially could increase calf survival; calves with muscle hypertrophy may have a different ratio of shivering vs nonshivering thermogenesis due to differences in body composition or relationships among uncoupling proteins.
authors.affiliation: BovaGen, San Antonio, TX 78216, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lammoglia
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bellows
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Grings
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Bergman
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000502:physiology*; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation; D002417:Cattle / Q000196:embryology*; D003080:Cold Temperature; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006984:Hypertrophy / Q000235:genetics / Q000662:veterinary; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D009132:Muscles / Q000196:embryology*; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats