title: Median sternotomy single stage complete unifocalization for pulmonary atresia, major aorto-pulmonary collateral arteries and VSD-early experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is a prospective study to assess the results of median sternotomy, single stage complete unifocalization and repair for ventricular septal defect (VSD), pulmonary atresia and major aorto pulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAs).
  
  
  METHODS
  From June 97 to August 98, 20 patients were treated with single stage complete unifocalization and repair. Their ages ranged from 6 months to 11 years. Through median sternotomy, all MAPCAs were dissected and looped. On cardiopulmonary bypass, MAPCAs were anastomosed to native pulmonary arteries (PAs) or to MAPCAs. VSD was closed if possible and RV to PA continuity was established with a homograft conduit. If complete repair was not suitable, central shunt was done from ascending aorta to reconstructed PA with a polytetrafluroethylene graft. The patients were divided into three groups according to the arborization pattern in the lungs. Group 1 had well formed native PAs with MAPCAs, group 2 had hypoplastic PAs with MAPCAs and group 3 had only MAPCAs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty patients had 21 procedures. All MAPCAs were unifocalized with tissue-to-tissue anastomosis for future growth, except one in whom polytetrafluroethylene tube graft was used to attain the confluence. In group 1, all seven patients had complete unifocalization and repair. In group 2, four patients had RV to PA conduit and two patients had central shunt. In group 3, three patients had complete repair, three patients had RV to PA conduit and one patient had central shunt. There were three deaths, two in group 2 and one in group 3. The first patient died due to a wrong decision to close the VSD, the second patient died due to missed large MAPCA in preoperative angio and the third patient was a 7-year-old boy who died with irreversible pulmonary vascular changes due to unprotected MAPCAs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To conclude, complete repair/RV-PA conduit/central shunt should be done according to the size of the total pulmonary vasculature in patients with group 1, 2 and 3 with protected PAs/MAPCAs and in hypoplastic or absent PAs with unprotected MAPCAs (less than 1 year) and protected MAPCAs. We are yet to determine the surgical procedure to be performed in hypoplastic/absent PAs with unprotected MAPCAs more than 1 year. It is very essential to delineate all the MAPCAs up to the level of the diaphragm preoperatively.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Madras Medical Mission, Mogappair, Chennai, India. mmmbits@giasmdo1.vsnl.net.in
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Murthy
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krishnanaik
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Coelho
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Punnoose
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Arumugam
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Cherian
mesh_terms: D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003097:Collateral Circulation; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000002:abnormalities*; D018633:Pulmonary Atresia / Q000601:surgery*; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013249:Sternum / Q000601:surgery