title: Overexpression of cellular dihydrofolate reductase abolishes the anticytomegaloviral activity of methotrexate.
abstract: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) stimulates numerous cellular pathways upon infection. One of these pathways involves activation of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), an essential enzyme in the biosynthesis of purines and thymidylate. Here we report that methotrexate (MTX), an inhibitor of DHFR, suppresses murine CMV replication at the level of DNA synthesis in quiescent NIH 3T3 cells. However, MTX has no antiviral activity in NIH 3T3 sublines resistant to MTX due to DHFR overexpression. These results directly link MTX antiviral activity to DHFR and demonstrate that DHFR plays an essential role for CMV replication in quiescent cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Microbiology, University of Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lembo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cavallo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cornaglia
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mondo
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hertel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Angeretti
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Landolfo
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D013762:Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D013762:Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase; D008727:Methotrexate