title: Prospective, long-term safety evaluation of the H1-receptor antagonist cetirizine in very young children with atopic dermatitis. ETAC Study Group. Early Treatment of the Atopic Child.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In very young children, H(1 )-receptor antagonists have not been adequately studied, although they are widely used and assumed to be safe.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to test the hypothesis that cetirizine would be as safe as placebo for long-term use in this population.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the prospective, double-blind, parallel-group, 18-month-long Early Treatment of the Atopic Child (ETAC) study, 817 children with atopic dermatitis who were 12 to 24 months old at study entry were randomized to receive either cetirizine 0.25 mg/kg or placebo twice daily. Safety was assessed by using the reports of all adverse events, diary cards, physical examinations, developmental assessments, electrocardiograms, blood hematology and chemistry tests, and urinalyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The population evaluated for safety consisted of 399 children receiving cetirizine and 396 children receiving placebo. Drop-outs and serious events, including hospitalizations, occurred infrequently and were less common in the children receiving cetirizine than in those children receiving placebo, although the differences were not statistically significant. Most reported symptoms and events were mild and were attributed to intercurrent respiratory or gastrointestinal infections, exacerbations of allergic disorders, or age-related concerns rather than to medication-related adverse effects. There were no clinically relevant differences between the groups for neurologic or cardiovascular symptoms or events, growth, behavioral or developmental assessments, laboratory test results, or electrocardiograms, and no child receiving cetirizine therapy had prolongation of the QTc interval.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The safety of cetirizine has been confirmed in this prospective study, the largest and longest randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled safety investigation of any H(1 )-antagonist ever conducted in children and the longest prospective safety study of any H(1 )-antagonist ever conducted in any age group.
authors.affiliation: Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Simons
mesh_terms: D017332:Cetirizine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004802:Eosinophilia / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010919:Placebos; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists; D010919:Placebos; D017332:Cetirizine