title: Contractile responses to alpha1-adrenoceptor agonists in isolated human male and female urethra.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the contractile responses mediated through alpha1-adrenoceptors in human urethra and to evaluate the effectiveness of NS-49 [(R)-(-)-3'-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-4'-fluoromethanesulphonanilide++ + hydrochloride], a novel alpha1-adrenoceptor agonist, against contraction of the human urethra.
  
  
  METHODS
  The contractile responses were assessed in 10 male prostatic urethrae and six female urethrae. Antagonism was evaluated in the urethra using phenylephrine, a nonselective alpha1-adrenoceptor agonist, cumulatively applied > 20 min after applying 0.1 micromol/L prazosin or 0.1 micromol/L 5-methylurapidil, a selective alpha1A-adrenoceptor antagonist. Agonism was determined in both male and female urethrae to obtain the concentration-response curve for the agonist.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Phenylephrine caused both male and female urethrae to contract, and showed high potency and efficacy. Prazosin antagonized these contractions with low affinity (apparent pKB of 8.30 in male urethrae). 5-Methylurapidil, also antagonized the contractions with low affinity (apparent pKB of 7.88 in male urethrae). Noradrenaline and phenylephrine caused both male and female urethrae to contract, with high potency and efficacy. A novel and selective alpha1A-and alpha1L-adrenoceptor agonist, NS-49, induced contractile responses with high potency and moderate efficacy, whereas methoxamine induced contractions with low potency and moderate efficacy. Norephedrine was a very weak contractile agonist.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the human urethra, phenylephrine-induced contractions were mediated through alpha1L-adrenoceptors and not through alpha1A-adrenoceptors. Contractions of the human urethra induced by NS-49 were also mediated mainly through alpha1L-adrenoceptors, with high potency and moderate efficacy. NS-49 may therefore be useful for the treatment of urinary stress incontinence, with minimal side-effects because it has subtype selectivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishimatsu
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Moriyama
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ukai
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kameyama
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Konno
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murayama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitamura
mesh_terms: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000813:Anilides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014521:Urethra / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: C092989:3'-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-4'-fluoromethanesulfonanilide; D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D000813:Anilides; D010656:Phenylephrine