title: Reinforcing and discriminative stimulus effects of the neuroactive steroids pregnanolone and Co 8-7071 in rhesus monkeys.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study was designed to assess possible abuse-related effects of the endogenous neuroactive steroid pregnanolone (3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one) and the orally bioavailable, water-soluble neuroactive steroid pro-drug Co 8-7071 (3alpha,21-dihydroxy-3beta-trifluoromethyl-5beta-pregnan-20- one, 21-hemisuccinate).
  
  
  METHODS
  Four rhesus monkeys were prepared with chronic intravenous (i.v.) catheters and trained to press a lever under a ten-response fixed-ratio (FR) schedule of methohexital injection (0.1 mg/kg per injection). Three rhesus monkeys were trained to discriminate intragastric infusions of pentobarbital (10 mg/kg) from saline infusions under a FR5 schedule of stimulus-shock termination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At least two doses of pregnanolone (0.003-0.1 mg/kg per injection) maintained injections per session above saline levels in the four monkeys tested, whereas Co 8-7071 (0.01-1.0 mg/kg per injection) maintained injections per session above saline levels in two of four monkeys at relatively low levels of injections per session. In rhesus monkeys trained to discriminate pentobarbital, i.v. pregnanolone injections (0.1-1.7 mg/kg, 5-min presession) dose-dependently reproduced the discriminative stimulus effects of pentobarbital in all monkeys tested. Intravenous administration of Co 8-7071 (1-10 mg/kg, 5-min presession) resulted in a dose-dependent increase to >80% pentobarbital-appropriate responding in two of three monkeys tested. Following intragastric infusions of Co 8-7071 (1.0-30 mg/kg), > or =80% pentobarbital-appropriate responding occurred in one out of three monkeys at 10 mg/kg when administered 60 min before the session. When administered 120 min before the session, however, 10-30 mg/kg Co 8-7071 reproduced the discriminative stimulus effects of pentobarbital in each of the three monkeys tested.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data demonstrate barbiturate-like abuse-related effects that differed between two pregnane steroids. Whereas pregnanolone functioned as a reinforcer, suggesting that this compound has abuse potential, Co 8-7071 did not, despite having pentobarbital-like discriminative effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson 39216, USA.
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Rowlett
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Winger
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Woods
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Woolverton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D004193:Discrimination Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D011280:Pregnanolone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D012646:Self Administration
chemical_list: C121723:Co 8-7071; D011355:Prodrugs; D011280:Pregnanolone