title: Interferon versus ribavirin plus interferon in chronic hepatitis C previously resistant to interferon: a randomized trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  More than 70% of patients with chronic hepatitis C are resistant to interferon therapy. Ribavirin, in association with interferon, has been demonstrated as effective, at a dose of 800-1200 mg/day, but the efficacy of a lower dose has not been established.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed the effectiveness of the combination of 600 mg/day of ribavirin plus 3 MU of interferon over a period of 6 months, in a group of patients previously resistant to interferon. Sixty-two patients with chronic hepatitis C with serum and hepatic HCV RNA relapsers or non-responders to interferon, were randomly divided into two groups: group A received 3 MU of interferon alpha-2b, three times a week for 6 months; group B was given the same dose plus 600 mg per day of ribavirin for 6 months. Two patients from each group dropped from therapy. One patient from group A and two from group B withdrew from treatment because of adverse effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean alanine aminotransferase levels were similar in both groups throughout the study. A sustained response was observed in 7% and 7.4% of groups A and B with short-term response in 39% and 59%, and no response in 54% and 34% from both groups respectively (non-significant). At 12 months, 4 and 7 patients from groups A and B respectively, cleared serum HCV RNA however, only one sustained responder from each group cleared HCV RNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. At 18 months, 3 patients remained serum HCV RNA negative. Adverse effects were similar. Only haemoglobin values were lower in group B in the first month of therapy (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, the combination of 3 MU of interferon plus 600 mg of ribavirin is not effective in chronic hepatitis C resistant to interferon.
authors.affiliation: Hepatology Unit, Servicio de Digestivo, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salmerón
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Extremera
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Ramos
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lavín
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Quintero
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palacios
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001706:Biopsy; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005838:Genotype; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000201:enzymology / Q000628:therapy* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012254:Ribavirin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D017931:DNA Primers; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D012367:RNA, Viral; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012254:Ribavirin; D000410:Alanine Transaminase