title: Hemispheric-synchronisation during anaesthesia: a double-blind randomised trial using audiotapes for intra-operative nociception control.
abstract: The possible antinociceptive effect of hemispheric-synchronised sounds, classical music and blank tape were investigated in patients undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia. The study was performed on 76 patients, ASA 1 or 2, aged 18-75 years using a double-blind randomised design. Each of the three tapes was allocated to the patients according to a computer-generated random number table. General anaesthesia was standardised and consisted of propofol, nitrous oxide 66%/oxygen 33%, isoflurane and fentanyl. Patients breathed spontaneously through a laryngeal mask and the end-tidal isoflurane concentration was maintained near to its minimum alveolar concentration value of 1.2%. Fentanyl was given intravenously sufficient to keep the intra-operative heart rate and arterial blood pressure within 20% of pre-operative baseline values and the fentanyl requirements were used as a measure of nociception control. Patients to whom hemispheric-synchronised sounds were played under general anaesthesia required significantly less fentanyl compared with patients listening to classical music or blank tape (mean values: 28 microgram, 124 microgram and 126 microg, respectively) (p < 0.001). This difference remained significant when regression analysis was used to control for the effects of age and sex.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kliempt
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ruta
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ogston
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Landeck
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Martay
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000698:Analgesia / Q000379:methods*; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001364:Awareness; D003344:Cortical Synchronization; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009146:Music
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D005283:Fentanyl