title: Association between - 308 tumour necrosis factor promoter polymorphism and bronchial hyperreactivity in asthma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a pivotal cytokine in the inflammation underlying asthma. The TNF gene is located in the polymorphic HLA class 3 region on chromosome 6p. Several polymorphisms in this region have been described and associated with alteration of TNF secretion in vitro.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this study we tested the hypothesis that two such polymorphisms, lymphotoxin alpha NcoI B*1 and -308 TNF2 may be components of the genetic predisposition to asthma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five hundred and fifty-six random individuals were studied, comprising approximately equal numbers of asthmatic subjects, with or without atopy, and a nonatopic nonasthmatic control group. In addition, 355 subjects (172 asthmatics) from 60 multiplex families were typed at the LTalpha NcoI locus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was an association between allele two of the -308 TNF polymorphism and bronchial hyperreactivity (OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.04-4.32, P = 0.036). However, there was no association with LTalpha NcoI alleles. To determine whether this was influenced by linkage disequilibrium within the MHC, 91 subjects with bronchial hyperreactivity and 85 control subjects were typed for class 2 and 3 alleles. Following identification of the extended TNF2 haplotype, we found no independent association of these alleles with BHR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that the -308 TNF2 promoter polymorphism may form a component of the genetic predisposition to BHR in asthma.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Medicine Unit, Clinical Sciences Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Li Kam Wa
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Mansur
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Britton
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pavord
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Morton
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Holgate
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Morrison
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001249:Asthma / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016535:Bronchial Hyperreactivity / Q000235:genetics*; D002896:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006239:Haplotypes; D006650:Histocompatibility Testing; D006801:Humans; D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha / Q000235:genetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha