title: Association of low-voltage alpha EEG with a subtype of alcohol use disorders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neurophysiological traits may identify more homogeneous subgroups of alcoholics. Such discoveries could yield information regarding pathophysiological development, leading to more specific preventive measures and treatments. In an earlier study of 127 individuals, 59 of whom were unrelated, we found that a heritable resting Electroencephalographic (EEG) phenotype, i.e., the low-voltage alpha (LVA) trait, was associated with alcohol use disorders and anxiety disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated these findings using an independent, similarly established, dataset of 120 subjects. We also extended the study to a larger set of 149 unrelated individuals from a total sample of 247 subjects for whom psychiatric diagnoses and resting EEG phenotypes were available. Blind-rated psychiatric diagnoses were formulated according to DSM-III-R criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the replication sample, the LVA trait was again more common among subjects with anxiety disorders than among those without. In the total group of unrelated individuals, alcoholics were significantly (3 times) more likely to show the LVA trait than were nonalcoholics. Again, individuals with anxiety disorders were significantly (3 times) more likely to exhibit the LVA trait than were those without anxiety disorders. Of 11 unrelated alcoholics with anxiety disorders, seven showed the LVA trait. It was specifically the LVA trait and not low-amplitude alpha activity that was associated with alcohol use disorders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this replication study and the analysis of the total sample of unrelated individuals support an association between LVA EEG and the subtype of alcohol use disorders associated with anxiety disorders. The LVA phenotype may be a vulnerability factor for alcohol use disorders and anxiety disorders.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-8110, USA. maenoch@dicbr.niaaa.nih.gov
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Enoch
authors.forename: K V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Robin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Rohrbaugh
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goldman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D000513:Alpha Rhythm; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers