title: Impaired antibody response after immunization of HIV-infected individuals with the polysaccharide vaccine against Salmonella typhi (Typhim-Vi).
abstract: Infections with Salmonella species, including Salmonella typhi, are more frequently observed in HIV-infected individuals than in healthy individuals. HIV-infected individuals were vaccinated with polysaccharide vaccine against Salmonella typhi (Typhim-Vi) which is assumed to be a T-cell-independent antigen. We found that the antibody response in patients with < 200 x 10(6)/l CD4+ T lymphocytes was significantly lower compared with patients with > or = 200 x 10(6)/l CD4+ T lymphocytes and healthy controls. The antibody response after vaccination with the polysaccharide salmonella Vi-antigen was correlated with the number of CD4+ T lymphocytes and therefore Typhim-Vi can be considered to be a T-cell-independent type 2 antigen. The results of this study indicate that after vaccination the proportion of HIV-infected individuals with protective antibody concentrations against Salmonella typhi will be lower than in healthy controls.
authors.affiliation: Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Netherlands. kroonfp@xs4all.nl
authors.forename: F P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Kroon
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: van Dissel
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ravensbergen
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Nibbering
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Furth
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000378:metabolism; D012485:Salmonella typhi / Q000276:immunology*; D014435:Typhoid Fever / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014436:Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D012367:RNA, Viral; D014436:Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines; C057664:Vi polysaccharide vaccine, typhoid; C054154:capsular polysaccharide, Salmonella