Membrane sidedness of biosynthetic pathways involved in the production of lysophosphatidic acid.
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a novel phospholipid mediator with diverse biological activities such as smooth muscle contraction, and proliferative effects or modifications of cytoskeleton. Activated blood platelets are the best identified source, explaining accumulation of LPA in serum upon blood coagulation. However, the metabolic pathways responsible for LPA synthesis are still poorly known. Using a model of human erythrocytes treated with the calcium ionophore A23187, we have shown that type II secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) is able to produce LPA by hydrolyzing phosphatidic acid exposed on the cell surface after phospholipid scrambling. A similar mechanism does not appear to occur in platelets, where inhibitors of sPLA2 or genetic lack of the enzyme do not modify LPA production. However, this does not definitely eliminate the possibility that LPA is also produced in platelets in the external leaflet of the membrane by other phospholipases, which have to be better characterized.
le Balle
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Institut Fédératif de Recherche en Immunologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Université Paul Sabatier, Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France.
Simon
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Meijer
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Fourcade
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Chap
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D000818:Animals; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000378:metabolism; D000001:Calcimycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007476:Ionophores / Q000494:pharmacology; D008246:Lysophospholipids / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D008954:Models, Biological; D010741:Phospholipases A / Q000097:blood; D054467:Phospholipases A2; D015539:Platelet Activation; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000378:metabolism
D007476:Ionophores; D008246:Lysophospholipids; D000001:Calcimycin; D010741:Phospholipases A; D054467:Phospholipases A2