title: A polymorphism (K121Q) of the human glycoprotein PC-1 gene coding region is strongly associated with insulin resistance.
abstract: The genes responsible for insulin resistance are poorly defined. Plasma cell differentiation antigen (PC-1) glycoprotein inhibits insulin receptor signaling and is associated with insulin resistance. We describe here a novel polymorphism in exon 4 of the PC-1 gene (K121Q) and demonstrate that it is strongly associated with insulin resistance in 121 healthy nonobese (BMI <30 kg/m2) nondiabetic (by oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT]) Caucasians from Sicily. Compared with 80 KK subjects, Q allele carriers (n = 41, 39 KQ and 2 QQ) showed higher glucose and insulin levels during OGTT (P < 0.001 by two-way analysis of variance) and insulin resistance by euglycemic clamp (M value = 5.25 +/- 1.38 [n = 24] vs. 6.30 +/- 1.39 mg x kg(-1) x min(-1) [n = 49], P = 0.005). Q carriers had higher risk of being hyperinsulinemic and insulin resistant (odds ratio [CI]: 2.99 [1.28-7.0], P < 0.001). Insulin receptor autophosphorylation was reduced (P < 0.01) in cultured skin fibroblasts from KQ versus KK subjects. Skeletal muscle PC-1 content was not different in 11 KQ versus 32 KK subjects (33 +/- 16.1 vs. 17.5 +/- 15 ng/mg protein, P = 0.3). These results suggest a cause-effect relationship between the Q carrying genotype and the insulin resistance phenotype, and raise the possibility that PC-1 genotyping could identify individuals who are at risk of developing insulin resistance, a condition that predisposes to type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease.
authors.affiliation: Divisione e Unità di Ricerca di Endocrinologia, Istituto Scientifico Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pizzuti
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Frittitta
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Argiolas
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baratta
authors.forename: I D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Goldfine
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bozzali
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ercolino
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scarlato
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Iacoviello
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vigneri
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tassi
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Trischitta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005091:Exons; D005260:Female; D005815:Genetic Code; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics*; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011755:Pyrophosphatases; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; C065962:ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1; D011755:Pyrophosphatases