title: Is adjuvant tamoxifen used optimally in the treatment of breast cancer? Results of an Italian survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Institutional and physician-related factors can influence the way in which physicians interpret research results. The aim of this study was to determine what physicians know about, and their opinions of, hormone treatment in breast cancer patients, and the factors comprising their medical decision-making.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire was mailed to a random sample of physicians inquiring as to their preferences with respect to adjuvant tamoxifen, and the usual duration of the treatment applied in various clinical scenarios (according to a woman's menopausal status, the oestrogen receptor status and the stage of disease).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 500 physicians identified, 38% returned the questionnaire. Of the non-responders, a random sample of 60 physicians was interviewed by phone. The total number of available questionnaires was 250 (50%). About 3/4 of the doctors would prescribe tamoxifen in older ER+ women and 30%-40% in post-menopausal ER-patients, but only 2/5 would do so in younger ER+ women. The vast majority of physicians considered five years as standard for ER+ patients. Nevertheless, about 1/4 of the doctors chose a shorter treatment duration for node-negative, pre-menopausal patients. A minority of physicians used tamoxifen for longer than five years. Older clinicians were less likely to prescribe tamoxifen, particularly for low-risk patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to the data of the recent EBCTG overview, an additional 20,000 lives could be saved worldwide each year if tamoxifen were given to all early breast cancer patients with hormone-sensitive disease, irrespective of age and disease stage, and for a minimum of five years. Our study, involving a representative sample of physicians practicing in Italy, shows that tamoxifen is not used optimally, with a substantial under-use in younger women and women with node-negative disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Epidemiology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, S. Maria Imbaro, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Valentini
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mari
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Belfiglio
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nicolucci
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000502:physiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D013629:Tamoxifen