title: Carotid artery stenosis in patients with peripheral arterial disease: the SMART study. SMART study group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The prevalence of asymptomatic internal carotid artery stenosis (ICAS) in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and characteristics that are associated with ICAS were studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used data from the first 600 patients enrolled in the Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease (SMART) study, a single-center, prospective cohort study among patients referred with a manifestation of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or hyperlipidemia. Included in the analysis were 162 patients with PAD or a history of PAD, who were not known to have ICAS at the time of referral and who had no history of cerebrovascular symptoms or previous carotid endarterectomy. ICAS was detected with duplex scanning and defined as a peak systolic velocity more than 150 cm/s (diameter reduction 50% or higher) on at least one side. Cardiovascular risk factors were measured. Logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate associations between these characteristics and ICAS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of previously unknown ICAS was 14%. A patient age of 67 years or older, body weight of 68 kg or less, and diastolic blood pressure of 75 mm Hg or lower were independently associated with ICAS. The Prevalence Of Icas In Patients With One Of These Characteristics (38% Of The Patients) Was 8%, In Those With Two Characteristics (21% Of The Patients) Was 32%, And In Those With Three Characteristics (6% Of The Patients) Was 50%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of ICAS increases as much as 50% in patients who have PAD and the risk indicators of an age of 67 years or older, a body weight of 68 kg or less, and a diastolic blood pressure of 75 mm Hg or lower, and, therefore, these characteristics may be used as a means of increasing the likelihood of detecting ICAS.
authors.affiliation: Julius Center for Patient Oriented Research, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Simons
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Algra
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Eikelboom
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Grobbee
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: van der Graaf
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D015331:Cohort Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000150:complications; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex