title: Anatomy of an endogenous antagonist: relationship between Agouti-related protein and proopiomelanocortin in brain.
abstract: Agouti-related protein (AGRP) is a recently discovered orexigenic neuropeptide that inhibits the binding and action of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone derived from proopiomelanocortin (POMC) at the melanocortin 3 receptor (MC3R) and melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) and has been proposed to function primarily as an endogenous melanocortin antagonist. To better understand the interplay between the AGRP and melanocortin signaling systems, we compared their nerve fiber distributions with each other by immunohistochemistry and their perikarya distribution with MC3R and MC4R by double in situ hybridization. Although deriving from distinct cell groups, AGRP and melanocortin terminals project to identical brain areas. Both AGRP and melanocortin neurons selectively express the MC3R, which provides a neuroanatomical basis for a dual-input circuit with biological amplification and feedback inhibition. These studies highlight a broader complexity in POMC-mediated behavior in the brain.
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Research Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0720, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bagnol
authors.forename: X Y
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Kaelin
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Day
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ollmann
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gantz
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akil
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Barsh
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Watson
mesh_terms: D054369:Agouti-Related Protein; D000818:Animals; D001345:Autoradiography; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008297:Male; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000378:metabolism; D011333:Pro-Opiomelanocortin / Q000378:metabolism*; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D044104:Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 3; D044105:Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4; D018043:Receptors, Corticotropin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C515197:AGRP protein, rat; D054369:Agouti-Related Protein; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D044104:Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 3; D044105:Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4; D018043:Receptors, Corticotropin; D011333:Pro-Opiomelanocortin