title: Identification of a two-component signal transduction system from Corynebacterium diphtheriae that activates gene expression in response to the presence of heme and hemoglobin.
abstract: Corynebacterium diphtheriae, the causative agent of diphtheria, utilizes various host compounds to acquire iron. The C. diphtheriae hmuO gene encodes a heme oxygenase that is involved in the utilization of heme and hemoglobin as iron sources. Transcription of the hmuO gene in C. diphtheriae is controlled under a dual regulatory mechanism in which the diphtheria toxin repressor protein (DtxR) and iron repress expression while either heme or hemoglobin is needed to activate transcription. In this study, two clones isolated from a C. diphtheriae chromosomal library were shown to activate transcription from the hmuO promoter in Escherichia coli. Sequence analysis revealed that these activator clones each carried distinct genes whose products had significant homology to response regulators of two-component signal transduction systems. Located upstream from each of these response regulator homologs are partial open reading frames that are predicted to encode the C-terminal portions of sensor kinases. The full-length sensor kinase gene for each of these systems was cloned from the C. diphtheriae chromosome, and constructs each carrying one complete sensor kinase gene and its cognate response regulator were constructed. One of these constructs, pTSB20, which carried the response regulator (chrA) and its cognate sensor kinase (chrS), was shown to strongly activate transcription from the hmuO promoter in a heme-dependent manner in E. coli. A mutation in chrA (chrAD50N), which changed a conserved aspartic acid residue at position 50, the presumed site of phosphorylation by ChrS, to an asparagine, abolished heme-dependent activation. These findings suggest that the sensor kinase ChrS is involved in the detection of heme and the transduction of this signal, via a phosphotransfer mechanism, to the response regulator ChrA, which then activates transcription of the hmuO promoter. This is the first report of a bacterial two-component signal transduction system that controls gene expression through a heme-responsive mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Bacterial Toxins, Division of Bacterial Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. schmitt@cher.fda.gov
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Schmitt
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002417:Cattle; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003353:Corynebacterium diphtheriae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing); D006427:Hemin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016296:Mutagenesis; D009876:Operon; D010770:Phosphotransferases; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; C066496:DegS protein, Bacteria; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D006454:Hemoglobins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; C121562:cstA protein, E coli; C489349:degS protein, Escherichia coli; C073039:ChrA protein, Bacteria; C086586:uhpB protein, Bacteria; D006427:Hemin; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing); C104107:HmuO protein, bacteria; D010770:Phosphotransferases; D011494:Protein Kinases