title: Radionuclides and trace elements in fish collected upstream and downstream of Los Alamos National Laboratory and the doses to humans from the consumption of muscle and bone.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine radionuclide and trace element concentrations in bottom-feeding fish (catfish, carp, and suckers) collected from the confluences of some of the major canyons that cross Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) lands with the Rio Grande (RG) and the potential radiological doses from the ingestion of these fish. Samples of muscle and bone (and viscera in some cases) were analyzed for 3H, 90Sr, 137Cs, totU, 238Pu, 239,240Pu, and 241Am and Ag, As, Ba, Be, Cr, Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, and Tl. Most radionuclides, with the exception of 90Sr, in the muscle plus bone portions of fish collected from LANL canyons/RG were not significantly (p < 0.05) higher from fish collected upstream (San Ildefonso/background) of LANL. Strontium-90 in fish muscle plus bone tissue significantly (p < 0.05) increases in concentration starting from Los Alamos Canyon, the most upstream confluence (fish contained 3.4E-02 pCi g-1 [126E-02 Bq kg-1]), to Frijoles Canyon, the most downstream confluence (fish contained 14E-02 pCi g-1 [518E-02 Bq kg-1]). The differences in 90Sr concentrations in fish collected downstream and upstream (background) of LANL, however, were very small. Based on the average concentrations (+/- 2SD) of radionuclides in fish tissue from the four LANL confluences, the committed effective dose equivalent from the ingestion of 46 lb (21 kg) (maximum ingestion rate per person per year) of fish muscle plus bone, after the subtraction of background, was 0.1 +/- 0.1 mrem y-1 (1.0 +/- 1.0 microSv y-1), and was far below the International Commission on Radiological Protection (all pathway) permissible dose limit of 100 mrem y-1 (1000 microSv y-1). Of the trace elements that were found above the limits of detection (Ba, Cu, and Hg) in fish muscle collected from the confluences of canyons that cross LANL and the RG, none were in significantly higher (p < 0.05) concentrations than in muscle of fish collected from background locations.
authors.affiliation: Environmental, Safety and Health Division, M887 Los Alamos National Laboratory, NM 87545, USA.
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Fresquez
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kraig
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mullen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Naranjo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000737:chemistry*; D002347:Carps; D002397:Catfishes; D003531:Cypriniformes; D005396:Fish Products / Q000032:analysis*; D005399:Fishes; D005507:Food Contamination, Radioactive; D006801:Humans; D009132:Muscles / Q000737:chemistry*; D009516:New Mexico; D009688:Nuclear Reactors; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis*; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D011868:Radioisotopes; D014131:Trace Elements