title: The Range of Impaired Functioning Tool (LIFE-RIFT): a brief measure of functional impairment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The literature documents that functional impairment is associated with affective disorders. Nevertheless, the choice among thorough, yet brief, well-validated assessments of functional impairment is limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of a brief scale of functional impairment, the Range of Impaired Functioning Tool (LIFE-RIFT).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study sample included subjects who presented with major depressive disorder at intake into the NIMH Collaborative Depression Study (CDS). The LIFE-RIFT is composed of items that are included in the Longitudinal Interval Follow-up Evaluation (LIFE). The reliability and validity were examined using data from LIFE-RIFT assessments conducted at four points in time: 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after intake into the CDS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cross-sectional one factor models accounted for the covariance structure among the four scale items. A longitudinal factor model, with an invariant factor structure over time, also fitted the data well and indicated that the scale items are measures of one construct, namely functional impairment. The internal consistency reliability of the scale was supported with alpha coefficients ranging from 0.81 to 0.83. The inter-rater reliability intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.94. Mixed-effect linear regression models showed that those in episode were significantly more impaired than those in recovery. Furthermore, in analyses of predictive validity, impairment was positively associated with subsequent recurrence and negatively associated with subsequent recovery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This psychometric evaluation provides empirical support for the reliability and validity of the LIFE-RIFT, a brief measure of functional impairment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Cornell University Medical College, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York 10021, USA.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Leon
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.forename: T I
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Turvey
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Endicott
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Keller
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000145:classification / Q000523:psychology*; D000328:Adult; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010552:Personality Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011594:Psychometrics