title: Day care attendance in the first year of life and illnesses of the upper and lower respiratory tract in children with a familial history of atopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship between day care attendance and illnesses of the upper and lower respiratory tract in the first year of life.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective birth cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children (N = 498) who had at least 1 parent with a history of allergy or asthma were enrolled at birth and followed prospectively for the first year of life. A home visit at 2 to 3 months of age and bimonthly telephone questionnaires were used to obtain information on day care arrangements, home characteristics, respiratory symptoms, and physician-diagnosed illnesses of the upper and lower respiratory tract.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Day care attendance in the first year of life was associated with two or more doctor-diagnosed ear infections (OR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.7-3.6), three or more parental reports of runny or stuffed nose (OR: 3.2; 95% CI: 1.9-5.5), a doctor's diagnosis of sinusitis (OR: 2.2; 95% CI: 1.1-4.2), and doctor-diagnosed lower respiratory illnesses (croup, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia; OR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.0-2.4). For children attending day care, exposure to pets in day care, the presence of a rug or carpet in the area where the child slept in day care, and a nonresidential setting for day care all were independent predictors of two or more doctor-diagnosed ear infections.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that day care increases the risk of illnesses of the upper and lower respiratory tract in the first year of life for children with a familial history of atopy. Specific environmental exposures within day care, such as the presence of pets or having a rug or carpet in the area where children sleep, may increase the risk of recurrent ear infections in the first year of life among children with familial history of atopy who attend day care.
authors.affiliation: Channing Laboratory and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. juan.celedon@channing.harvard.edu
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Celedon
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Litonjua
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Gold
mesh_terms: D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology; D002656:Child Day Care Centers; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006969:Hypersensitivity, Immediate / Q000235:genetics*; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012135:Respiratory Sounds; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors