title: Antigenic domain 1 of human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B induces a multitude of different antibodies which, when combined, results in incomplete virus neutralization.
abstract: Glycoprotein B (gB, gpUL55) is the major antigen for the induction of neutralizing antibodies against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), making it an attractive molecule for active and passive immunoprophylaxis. The region between aa 552 and 635 of HCMV gB (termed AD-1) has been identified as the immunodominant target for the humoral immune response following natural infection. AD-1 represents a complex domain which requires a minimal continuous sequence of more than 70 aa for antibody binding. Neutralizing as well as non-neutralizing antibodies can bind to AD-1 in a competitive fashion. The fine specificity of AD-1-binding monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and affinity-purified human polyclonal antibodies was analysed by using recombinant proteins containing single amino acid substitutions spanning the entire AD-1 domain. Our results revealed that all MAbs had individual patterns of binding to the mutant proteins indicating the presence of a considerable number of distinct antibody-binding sites on AD-1. The neutralization capacity of antibodies could not be predicted from their binding pattern to AD-1 mutant proteins. Polyclonal human antibodies purified from different convalescent sera showed identical binding patterns to the mutant proteins suggesting that the combined antibody specificities present in human sera are comparable between individuals. Neutralization capacities of polyclonal human AD-1 antibodies did not exceed 50% indicating that, during natural infection, a considerable proportion of non-neutralizing antibodies are induced and thus might provide an effective mechanism to evade complete virus neutralization.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Klinische und Molekulare Virologie, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schloßgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany1.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Speckner
authors.affiliation: Institut für Klinische und Molekulare Virologie, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schloßgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany1.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Glykofrydes
authors.affiliation: Dept of Immunotechnology, Lund University, S-220 07 Lund, Sweden2.
authors.forename: Mats
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohlin
authors.affiliation: Institut für Klinische und Molekulare Virologie, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schloßgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany1.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mach
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology*; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D018985:Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D016056:Immunodominant Epitopes / Q000276:immunology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D018985:Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte; D016056:Immunodominant Epitopes; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; C040495:glycoprotein B, Simplexvirus