title: High throughput assay to detect compounds that enhance the proton permeability of Candida albicans membranes.
abstract: We describe a 96-well microtiter plate format assay to detect changes in proton permeability in membranes of the pathogenic yeast, Candida albicans. Candida albicans cells were incubated with the lipophilic ester of 2',7'-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF), a pH-sensitive fluorescein derivative. Inside the cells, BCECF was released and trapped in the vacuole. Compounds that destroyed membrane integrity increased the pH value of the vacuole due to proton leakage into the cytoplasm. This was paralleled by an increase in BCECF fluorescence intensity, which could be quantified. The test assay was validated with amphotericin B, as well as with other membrane-active compounds known to increase membrane permeability. Possible applications and limitations of this assay in the field of antifungal drug discovery are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Antiinfective Research, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany. karl.ziegelbauer.kz@bayer-ag.de
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ziegelbauer
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grusdat
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schade
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Paffhausen
mesh_terms: D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000494:pharmacology; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001681:Biological Assay; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects*; D004950:Esterases / Q000378:metabolism; D005452:Fluoresceins / Q000378:metabolism; D005453:Fluorescence; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D017830:Octoxynol / Q000494:pharmacology; D011112:Polymyxin B / Q000494:pharmacology; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D005452:Fluoresceins; C057433:2',7'-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein acetoxymethyl ester; D000666:Amphotericin B; D017830:Octoxynol; D004950:Esterases; D011112:Polymyxin B