title: Tolterodine for overactive bladder: time to onset of action, preferred dosage, and 9-month follow-up.
abstract: This is a prospective study of 28 patients who had urinary frequency (>8 times/day) and either urgency or urge incontinence (>1 time/day). After a 2-week run-in period (visit 1), the patients were started on tolterodine 1 mg twice a day (bid) (visit 2). They were followed at 4 and 8 weeks (visits 3 and 4). The patients were contacted by telephone 1 week after visit 2. Tolterodine was increased to 2 mg bid if the patient had incomplete improvement at either the initial phone call or during visit 3. Evaluation criteria were daily micturition charts including urinary frequency, nocturia, leakage episodes, average urine volume per day, and average voided volume. Tolterodine was well tolerated without side effects in 20 (80%) of 28 patients. Eight patients (20%) dropped out after enrollment because of side effects in 3, no improvement in 2, and missing visits (>1) in 3. Drug dosage in the 20 patients who tolerated tolterodine was 1 mg bid in 3 and 2 mg bid in 17 (85%). According to micturition charts, urinary frequency, nocturia, and leakage episodes decreased significantly after tolterodine treatment, whereas average urine volume per day and average voided volume did not change significantly. There were no electrocardiographic or biochemical abnormalities due to tolterodine treatment. Mean follow-up was 9.4 months. All 20 patients who tolerated tolterodine continue to take the medication without significant side effects. We conclude that tolterodine is well tolerated and effective for overactive bladders. Two milligrams bid is the dosage preferred by the majority of patients and the onset of action is seen within 1 week of treatment. Long-term compliance and efficacy are excellent, with no dropout in >9 months of follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Atan
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Konety
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Erickson
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: D Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Chancellor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003408:Cresols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010665:Phenylpropanolamine; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D000068737:Tolterodine Tartrate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D003408:Cresols; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D010665:Phenylpropanolamine; D000068737:Tolterodine Tartrate