title: Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) is sufficient to induce fibrosis of rabbit corpus cavernosum in vivo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The pleotropic cytokine TGF-beta1 which induces connective tissue synthesis, and inhibits the growth of smooth muscle cells, has been implicated in corpus cavernosum fibrosis. The objective of this study was to determine the dose and time dependence of TGF-beta1 as an active agent in penile corporal fibrosis in an animal model.
  
  
  METHODS
  A time release method of delivery was developed using sodium alginate microspheres containing recombinant human (rh) TGF-beta1. New Zealand White rabbits were injected intracorporally with a single alginate microsphere either with or without rh-TGF-beta1. Dosage was varied from 325 to 1500 ng./bead. Animals were sacrificed at either three or five days post injection and the penises removed en bloc, examined, and processed for quantitative histomorphometric analysis, staining the sections with Masson's trichrome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Alginate microspheres containing [125I]-rh-TGF-beta1 showed slow-release kinetics (t1/2 = 10.5 hours). Histomorphometric analysis of 60 sets of high powered fields/treatment/ animal showed dose dependent decreases in percentage of corporal smooth muscle with TGF-beta1 treatment (750 to 1500 ng./bead). Placebo (alginate microspheres alone) had trabecular smooth muscle content comparable to values previously reported for untreated rabbit corpus cavernosum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study confirms that TGF-beta1 induces fibrosis in situ by altering connective tissue synthesis and hence the structure of the corpus cavernosum. Injection of rh-TGF-beta1 impregnated alginate microspheres into the corpus cavernosum resulted in dose-dependent decreases in percentage of corporal smooth muscle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nehra
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Gettman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nugent
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Bostwick
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Barrett
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Krane
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Moreland
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005355:Fibrosis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008863:Microspheres; D010413:Penis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D011817:Rabbits; D013997:Time Factors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta