title: IL-4 inhibits apoptosis and prevents mitochondrial damage without inducing the switch to necrosis observed with caspase inhibitors.
abstract: We previously demonstrated that the broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor, zVAD-fmk, totally deviated apoptosis to necrosis in B lymphocytes. We report here that, in contrast with zVAD-fmk, IL-4 protected B cells from spontaneous and from dexamethasone-induced apoptosis and actually maintained cell viability. This was assessed by morphological and biochemical criteria and accompanied by the maintenance of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (DeltaPsiCm) and elevated glutathione (GSH) levels. Under these conditions, zVAD-fmk also totally inhibited apoptosis in thymocytes, but it partly preserved cell viability with a parallel increase in the percentage of cells exhibiting high DeltaPsiCm and elevated GSH levels. Nevertheless, non-rescued cells were deviated to necrosis. Therefore, the pathway leading to either apoptosis or necrosis appears to involve common mitochondrial dysfunctions which could not be reversed by caspase inhibition, suggesting that the pharmacological inhibition of cell death should occur at an earlier stage.
authors.affiliation: Institut de Biochimie, CNRS UMR 8619, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lemaire
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Andr au
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Fraisse
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Adam
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Souvannavong
mesh_terms: D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects*; D009336:Necrosis
chemical_list: D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; D005938:Glucocorticoids; C096713:benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone; D015847:Interleukin-4; D003907:Dexamethasone; D005978:Glutathione