title: Is cardiopulmonary bypass still the cause of cognitive dysfunction after cardiac operations?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine whether cognitive impairment is related to cardiopulmonary bypass.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting without cardiopulmonary bypass were matched with 50 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass. All patients received the same anesthetic regimen, and one surgeon performed all the operations. A battery of 10 standard tests of neuropsychologic function were performed before, at discharge, and 3 months after the operation. A comprehensive multidimensional measure of subjective health status was used as the primary clinical measure of functional outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The groups were similar with respect to age, sex, and ventricular function and differed only in the need for a circumflex artery graft. Both groups showed significant improvement in the comprehensive multidimensional measure of subjective health status at 3 months. At discharge most neuropsychologic tests had deteriorated in both groups (the same 4 tests had deteriorated significantly in both groups, and an additional test had deteriorated significantly in the cardiopulmonary bypass group). At 3 months all but one test in the cardiopulmonary bypass group had returned to or exceeded baseline performance. The same 2 tests had improved significantly in both groups, and a further test had improved significantly in the group without cardiopulmonary bypass. At no specific time point was there a significant difference between the absolute or change scores between the groups on any of the tests.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The similar pattern of early decline and late recovery of cognitive function in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with and without cardiopulmonary bypass suggests that cardiopulmonary bypass is not the major cause of postoperative cognitive impairment. This merits consideration in deciding optimal treatment strategies in coronary revascularization.
authors.affiliation: Oxford Heart Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Taggart
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Browne
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Halligan
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Wade
mesh_terms: D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013318:Stroke Volume