title: Time trends in the intracardiac potential recorded by pacemaker telemetry: comparison between steroid-eluting small area electrodes.
abstract: We assessed the time course of electrograms sensed both in the atrium and ventricle by two different steroid-eluting electrodes: Medtronic Capsure SP (with an area of 5.5 mm2) and Z (with an area of 1.2 mm2). We considered 68 unipolar electrodes: 31 atrial (19 Capsure SP 4523 and 12 Capsure Z 4533) and 37 ventricular (24 Capsure SP 4023 and 13 Capsure Z 4033) implanted in 47 consecutive patients (30 men and 17 women, with an age of 72 +/- 9.4 years). The pacemaker model was Medtronic Elite 7077-7086 (DDD-DDDR) in 25 patients and Medtronic Legend 8419-8424 (VVIR-AAIR) in 22 patients. The endocavitary signal (all patients had spontaneous rhythm) was telemetrically obtained by a Medtronic 9790 device and acquired on a personal computer at implantation and 7, 30, and 180 days thereafter. The signal was studied both in the time domain and in the frequency domain by spectral analysis. The following parameters were calculated: amplitude (A): peak-to-peak value of the complex; slew rate (SR) peak negative first derivative; F0: frequency at which the power spectrum reaches its maximum value; and bandwidth (Bw): expressed as the distance between the -3 dB points and statistically analyzed by a two-way analysis of variance with factors "time" (four measurements) and "electrode" (Capsure SP and Z) and repeated measurements on the former. Ventricular sensing: no time or electrode effect (P > 0.1 in all comparisons) was found for F0, Bw, or SR, while a time effect (P < 0.04) not dependent on the type of electrode was found for the amplitude of the signal. In particular, a significant increase was found between the measurement at 6 months and that at implantation (P < 0.004). Atrial sensing: A, F0, and bandwidth were not affected by time or electrode (P > 0.09), while SR behaved differently over time (P < 0.05) in the two electrodes (the Capsure Z showed an increase at sixth month [P < 0.04] compared to implantation). In conclusion, the Medtronic Capsure SP and Z electrodes proved to be valid and substantially equivalent as far as concerns the measurement of the intracardiac potential despite the difference between their surface areas. Further studies should be devised to assess whether transitory decreases of atrial Bw in the first month of follow-up observed in a few patients for both electrodes could be responsible for clinical episodes of sensing deficit.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, S. Carlo Borromeo Hospital, Milan, Italy. fcasazza@tin.it
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bernasconi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maestri
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marzegalli
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Pinna
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guenzati
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fiorista
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D003907:Dexamethasone; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D001330:Electronic Data Processing; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D013686:Telemetry / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D003907:Dexamethasone