title: Use of medicines by older people in a large British national survey, and their relation to vitamin status indices.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the extent of use of medicines by older people living in Britain, and to explore relationships with vitamin status indices.
  
  
  METHODS
  The National Diet and Nutrition Survey of people aged 65 years and over collected data from a British sample during 1994-95. The present study has made novel use of it, to relate medicine use with biochemical indices of vitamin status.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty postcode areas, selected randomly from mainland Britain.
  
  
  METHODS
  1506 people, 65 years and over gave information about use of medication, and a 4-day weighed food record. Three-quarters gave blood for status indices.
  
  
  RESULTS
  78% of those living in the community and 93% of those in institutions were using medication. Certain vitamin status indices: plasma retinol, erythrocyte folate and riboflavin, paradoxically suggested better status in users than in non-users of antihypertensive, gastrointestinal, central nervous system, corticosteroid or diabetic drugs. There was evidence of a link with renal insufficiency, especially for plasma retinol, but neither this nor increased nutrient intake, acute phase effects or haemoconcentration could explain the paradoxical associations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Caution is needed in interpreting certain vitamin status indices, especially in older people who are extensively using medicines. New vitamin indices are needed, to avoid confounding interferences.
authors.affiliation: MRC Human Nutrition Research, Cambridge, UK. Chris.Bates@mrc-hnr.cam.ac.uk
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Bates
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Walmsley
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prentice
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Finch
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001702:Biopharmaceutics; D004358:Drug Therapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D009752:Nutritional Status / Q000187:drug effects*; D006113:United Kingdom; D014815:Vitamins / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D014815:Vitamins