title: Laboratory evaluation of AI3-37220, AI3-35765, CIC-4, and deet repellents against three species of mosquitoes.
abstract: Four repellents, N,N-diethyl-3-methyl-benzamide (deet), 2-hydroxy-methyl-cyclohexyl acetic acid lactone (CIC-4), and 2 piperidines (1-[3-cyclohexen-1-ylcarbonyl] piperidine [AI3-35765] and 1-[3-cyclohexen-1-ylcarbonyl]-2-methylpiperidine [AI3-37220]) were evaluated alone and in combination against Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi, and Culex quinquefasciatus using a modified in vitro test system. This method was a valuable tool for comparing effective concentrations of the new compounds. Because of the controlled conditions of the test, it was possible to use the results of assays that had been conducted over a 5-year period and to perform the many replications necessary to evaluate combinations of compounds. The new candidate repellents were generally as effective as deet. Although speculative at this time, there was some evidence of synergistic interaction. Repellent combinations of CIC-4/AI3-37220/AI3-35767, deet/AI3-35765, and deet/AI3-37220/AI3-35765 against An. stephensi and CIC-4/AI3-35765, deet/AI3-37220/AI3-35765, AI3-37220/AI3-35765, and CIC-4/AI3-37220 against Ae. aegypti were more effective than the component compounds alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC 20307-5100, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Debboun
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Strickman
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Glass
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wylie
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laughinghouse
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Wirtz
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes; D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles; D002867:Chromones; D003465:Culex; D003671:DEET; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D007302:Insect Repellents; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods; D010880:Piperidines
chemical_list: D002867:Chromones; D007302:Insect Repellents; D010880:Piperidines; D003671:DEET; C075891:(2-hydroxymethylcyclohexyl)acetic acid lactone; C023423:AI 3-35765; C075892:1-(3-cyclohexen-1-ylcarbonyl)-2-methylpiperidine