title: Physical activity at age 12 and adult breast cancer risk (United States).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Some epidemiologic studies suggest that adolescent physical activity reduces subsequent breast cancer risk. To examine this question further, we analyzed data on physical activity at age 12 that had been collected as part of the Carolina Breast Cancer Study (CBCS).
  
  
  METHODS
  The CBCS is a population-based, case-control study of 527 white and 337 African-American cases and 790 controls, frequency-matched on age and race. Respondents were asked whether, and to what extent, they engaged in four specific activities at age 12 (walking to school, biking to school, competitive training, performing vigorous household chores).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women who reported participation in any of the four activities had a modest reduction in breast cancer risk (odds ratio (OR): 0.8, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.6-1.0). Using an index measuring approximate number of activity episodes per week, analyses revealed modest inverse relationships for nearly all levels of activity relative to no reported activity; a weighting of the index by metabolic equivalent scores produced similar results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings support the hypothesis that adolescent physical activity may protect against adult breast cancer, even at moderate levels.
authors.affiliation: Biometry Branch Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Marcus
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Moorman
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Millikan
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Baird
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Qaqish
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sternfeld
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009657:North Carolina / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010809:Physical Fitness; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires