title: Comparison of pregnancy outcome of pronuclear- and multicellular-stage frozen-thawed embryo transfers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our purpose was to determine if supernumerary embryos generated by in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) should be frozen (using 1,2-propanediol) at the pronuclear or multicellular stage.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was a retrospective analysis conducted at the Dubai Gynaecology & Fertility Centre of the Department of Health & Medical Services, Dubai, U.A.E. One hundred forty-one women undergoing frozen-thawed embryo replacement cycles with IVF generated embryos and 84 women undergoing the same with ICSI generated embryos.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Supernumerary, IVF-generated embryos frozen at the multicellular stage had a significantly higher rate of survival on thawing (73.9%) than embryos frozen at the pronuclear stage (64.4%). The morphological grades of the embryos in the two groups were similar, but a significantly higher pregnancy rate was obtained with embryos frozen at the multicellular stage (22.8%) than with pronuclear-stage embryos (14.8%). Similarly, with ICSI-generated embryos, significantly higher survival was seen with multicellular-stage frozen embryos (74.8%) than pronuclear-stage embryos (64.4%). The morphological grades of the embryos and pregnancy outcomes of the two groups were similar.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Supernumerary embryos generated by IVF and ICSI should be frozen at the multicellular stage so as to allow selection of the best embryos for transfer and embryo freezing of only robust embryos.
authors.affiliation: Dubai Gynaecology and Fertility Centre, Department of Health and Medical Services, United Arab Emirates.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kattera
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shrivastav
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Craft
mesh_terms: D001755:Blastocyst; D015925:Cryopreservation; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018873:Pregnancy Rate