title: Evaluating reference-based pricing: initial findings and prospects.
abstract: Reference-based pricing is a controversial policy mechanism used to control pharmaceutical expenditures. After its implementation in some European countries, the British Columbia government introduced a version of reference-based pricing in October 1995. The authors reviewed previous studies of reference-based pricing in other countries and conducted a preliminary assessment of the impacts of the BC system by analysing secondary utilization and cost data. After the introduction of reference-based pricing in other jurisdictions within the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, there was a temporary reduction in the rate of growth of total pharmaceutical expenditures, followed by a return to previous growth trends in subsequent years. Similarly, initial data from BC showed dramatic declines in annual expenditures for drugs within referenced categories (from $42.0 million the year before reference-based pricing was introduced to $23.7 million the year after). Although early evidence suggests that reference-based pricing in BC is indeed reducing drug expenditures, much more research is needed to make a final determination of its success. A more comprehensive and longitudinal evaluation of reference-based pricing is needed and should take into account a wide range of non-cost impacts, the most important of which are the effects on health outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Administration, University of Toronto, Ont. lutchmie.narine@utoronto.ca
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Narine
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Senathirajah
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D002170:Canada; D003363:Cost Control; D016527:Drug Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000191:economics*; D017850:Economics, Pharmaceutical; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'