title: Stroke in cardiac surgical patients: determinants and outcome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite improving outcomes in cardiac surgical patients, stroke continues to remain a major complication. Few prospective studies are available on postoperative stroke. The present study was conducted to elucidate the incidence and predictors of stroke in a large group of cardiac surgical patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prospective data collected on 4,941 patients undergoing cardiac surgery were subjected to univariate and logistic regression analyses (98.4% men; 72% older than 60 years; 9.1% with history of prior stroke; 80.4% underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting). Stroke predictors include history of stroke and hypertension, older age, systolic hypertension, bronchodilator and diuretic use, high serum creatinine, surgical priority, great vessel repair, use of inotropic agents after cardiopulmonary bypass, and total cardiopulmonary bypass time (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). Median intensive care unit and hospital stays were longer, and hospital mortality and 6-month mortality were higher for patients with stroke (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stroke after cardiac surgical procedures is a morbid event. Identification of predictors and development of strategies to modify these factors should lead to a lower incidence of stroke.
authors.affiliation: Zablocki VA Medical Center and Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, USA. galmassi@mcw.edu
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Almassi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sommers
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Moritz
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Shroyer
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: London
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Sethi
authors.forename: F L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Grover
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Hammermeister
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D005260:Female; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis