title: Adherence to AAP guidelines for well-child care under managed care. American Academy of Pediatrics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine adherence to American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Recommendations for Preventive Pediatric Health Care in Monroe County, New York by individual patients and individual pediatricians under managed care practice and to compare adherence-to-recommendations rates for privately insured and publicly funded managed care patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using claims data for children 0 through 18 years of age cared for by pediatricians, we compared adherence to well-child care (WCC) visit recommendations for 130 572 children enrolled in a privately insured managed care system during 1992, 1993, and 1994 to 17 586 children insured by a publicly funded, Medicaid-managed care system during 1994 and 1995. Criteria for WCC visit adherence were based on 1991 AAP guidelines of 19 office visits from birth through 18 years of age. Adherence-to-recommendations rates by individual pediatricians also were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Despite complete financial coverage of WCC visits (with no co-payment or deductible charges) by both insurance systems, strict adherence to AAP guidelines for WCC visits was low. Only 46% of privately insured and 35% of publicly funded children received all the recommended visits during the study period. During the same period, 17% of privately insured and 35% of publicly funded managed care patients received no WCC. There was little difference in the rate of full WCC visit adherence by age in either system with the rates ranging in privately insured patients from 49% in infants (<2 years of age) to 47% in adolescents (12 through 18 years of age) and ranging in publicly funded patients from 36% to 34% in these two age groups, respectively. Only 2% of privately insured infants had no record of WCC compared with 29% of adolescents. This contrasted with 12% of infants and 54% of adolescents who were publicly funded. Of pediatricians, <5% achieved 100% adherence to AAP guidelines for their patients (privately insured or publicly funded). Pediatricians completed an average of 52% of the recommended visits with their publicly funded patients and 68% of the recommended visits with their privately insured patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  WCC visits were underutilized for children in both managed care systems. Children of parents who have low incomes presumably could benefit greatest by preventive visits, but these children were less likely to receive the recommended number of WCC visits. Finding ways to increase the number of WCC visits that all children make is a major challenge, as is conducting studies that prove their worth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, the University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California 95817, USA. robert.byrd@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Byrd
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hoekelman
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Auinger
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002662:Child Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007348:Insurance, Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008329:Managed Care Programs; D008484:Medicaid / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009518:New York; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D014481:United States