Origins of theory of mind, cognition and communication.
There has been a revolution in our understanding of infant and toddler cognition that promises to have far-reaching implications for our understanding of communicative and linguistic development. Four empirical findings that helped to prompt this change in theory are analyzed: (a) Intermodal coordination--newborns operate with multimodal information, recognizing equivalences in information across sensory-modalities; (b) Imitation--newborns imitate the lip and tongue movements they see others perform; (c) Memory--young infants form long-lasting representations of perceived events and use these memories to generate motor productions after lengthy delays in novel contexts; (d) Theory of mind--by 18 months of age toddlers have adopted a theory of mind, reading below surface behavior to the goals and intentions in people's actions. This paper examines three views currently being offered in the literature to replace the classical framework of early cognitive development: modularity-nativism, connectionism, and theory-theory. Arguments are marshaled to support the "theory-theory" view. This view emphasizes a combination of innate structure and qualitative reorganization in children's thought based on input from the people and things in their culture. It is suggested that preverbal cognition forms a substrate for language acquisition and that analyzing cognition may enhance our understanding of certain disorders of communication.
Meltzoff
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Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA. meltzoff@u.washington.edu
D000367:Age Factors; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D003071:Cognition; D003142:Communication; D003210:Concept Formation; D006801:Humans; D007100:Imitative Behavior; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007804:Language Development; D008960:Models, Psychological; D002666:Psychology, Child / Q000639:trends; D011936:Reality Testing