title: Normalizing results of 13C-urea breath testing for CO2 production rates in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The 13C-urea breath test detects the presence of Helicobacter pylori from an enrichment of breath 13CO2, which, in turn, is critically dependent on the amount of dilution by endogenous CO2 production. The production of CO2 differs according to age (adults > children), sex (male > female) weight, and height. The cutoff value of 2.4 delta%(delta over baseline, DOB) for the 13C-urea breath test, defined in adults, does not take into account actual CO2 production. Therefore, this cutoff value (2.4 delta%) may or may not be appropriate for children. The purpose of this study was to determine a cutoff value that would provide accurate results in pediatric patients, independent of their differences in anthropometric parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Estimates of CO2 production were combined with DOB values to calculate the host-dependent urea hydrolysis rate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Calculated as urea hydrolysis rate, the cutoff range for adults was 10.4 to 10.9 microg/min. Individual ranges were concentric (men, 9.6-10.9 microg/min; women, 8.5-12.2 microg/min). Results in studies of 312 children show that a urea hydrolysis rate of more than 10 m microg/min may also be appropriate to predict H. pylori infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Calculating 13C-urea breath test values as urea hydrolysis rate removes the effect of individual anthropometric differences on test outcome and provides a single cutoff value for pediatric patients of all ages.
authors.affiliation: DiaSorin, Inc., Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Malaty
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Czinn
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Emmons
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: D Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Graham
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001944:Breath Tests; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis*; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000175:diagnosis; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D014508:Urea / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D014508:Urea