title: Abecarnil enhances recovery from diazepam tolerance.
abstract: Treatment with diazepam (25 mg/kg; p.o., twice-daily for 17 days) induced tolerance to the anticonvulsant effect of diazepam against bicuculline-induced convulsions in mice. Cross-tolerance was observed to the anticonvulsant action of clonazepam, imidazenil but not abecarnil. While substitution of clonazepam (12 mg/kg; p.o., twice-daily for 15 days) for diazepam did not affect tolerance to diazepam, substitution of imidazenil (17 mg/kg; p.o., twice-daily for 15 days) for diazepam significantly increased sensitivity to the anticonvulsant effect of diazepam, although tolerance was not abolished. Tolerance to diazepam progressively decreased either after suspension of diazepam administration or replacement treatment with abecarnil (20 mg/kg; p.o., twice-daily). Complete recovery of diazepam efficacy was detected after 8 and 15 days of administration of abecarnil and vehicle, respectively. Binding experiments using [3H]-flumazenil showed that Kd values did not differ among treatment groups. A significant decrease in Bmax (-42%) was observed in the cortex of diazepam-tolerant mice whether or not also treated with imidazenil and clonazepam. Conversely, chronically diazepam-treated mice, that further received abecarnil for either 8 or 15 days or vehicle for 15 days showed Bmax values similar to those of vehicle-treated mice never exposed to diazepam. Results suggest that repeated abecarnil administration to diazepam-tolerant mice can facilitate re-adaptation of receptors to the diazepam-free state. It is proposed that replacement therapy with abecarnil after long-term treatment with conventional benzodiazepines (BDZs) may provide a novel approach for reducing tolerance to their anticonvulsant effects.
authors.affiliation: Fidia Research Laboratories, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zanotti
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Natolino
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Contarino
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lipartiti
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Giusti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000494:pharmacology; D001640:Bicuculline / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D002243:Carbolines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002998:Clonazepam / Q000494:pharmacology; D003975:Diazepam / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D005442:Flumazenil / Q000494:pharmacology; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D008024:Ligands; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000378:metabolism; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D014316:Tritium
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D002243:Carbolines; D007093:Imidazoles; D008024:Ligands; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A; D014316:Tritium; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D005442:Flumazenil; D002998:Clonazepam; C082661:imidazenil; C062769:abecarnil; D003975:Diazepam; D001640:Bicuculline