title: Both inhaled histamine and hypertonic saline increase airway reactivity in non-sensitised rabbits.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Asthmatics react with bronchoconstriction upon a variety of stimuli, i.e. exercise and hypertonic aerosol challenge. We have previously shown that hyperventilation with dry gas in a rabbit model resulted in a change of the ion content of the tracheal wall. This was followed by a hyperreactive response to histamine.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We hypothesised that nebulisation with 3.6% hypertonic saline will be accompanied by a hyperreactive response to histamine in a rabbit model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anaesthetised rabbits were given histamine after nebulisation with hypertonic saline. In addition, repeat nebulisation with hypertonic saline was given with or without histamine between these nebulisations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a different response to histamine 10 mg x ml(-1) whether hypertonic saline had been given or not (p < 0.001). Histamine nebulisation, given after hypertonic saline, caused an increase from baseline in resistance of 65 +/- 12 cm H(2)O.litre(-1) x s (mean +/- SEM, p < 0. 001) and a decrease in compliance of 2.3 +/- 0.4 ml x cm H(2)O(-1) (p < 0.001). The corresponding values for the control animals were 10 +/- 4 cm H(2)O.litre(-1) x s (n.s.) and 1.7 +/- 0.2 ml x cm H(2)O(-1) (p < 0.001). At a second nebulisation with hypertonic saline, with a histamine challenge 30 min before, the resistance increased from baseline by 35 +/- 10 cm H(2)O x litre(-1) x s (p < 0.01). This was not observed when no histamine had been given between the hypertonic saline nebulisations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study in rabbits shows that hypertonic solutions cause an increase in the responsiveness to histamine and that histamine causes an increase in responsiveness to hypertonic saline. This is similar to the response of asthmatics to hypertonic saline.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology and Asthma Research Centre, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden. marieann.hogman@klinfys.uu.se
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Högman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hjoberg
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Almirall
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hedenstierna
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D000818:Animals; D001249:Asthma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D016535:Bronchial Hyperreactivity / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001985:Bronchial Provocation Tests; D016084:Bronchoconstriction / Q000502:physiology*; D006632:Histamine; D006801:Humans; D011817:Rabbits; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic; D006632:Histamine