title: Electro-chemically activated water in dental unit water lines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of electro-chemically activated water on biofilm contamination in dental unit water lines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen dental units fitted with independent water systems and used for 12 years with distilled water were divided into two groups, A and B. At the start, one week later, and again four weeks later, the bacterial counts in water from all units were determined. Also specimens of tubing were taken from the units at the beginning and at the end of the study for SEM investigation. In Group A distilled water was replaced with electrochemically activated water (a Russian invention), and used continuously for the duration of the study. In group B, distilled water was used as before, until confirmed to be contaminated. For ethical reasons group B was treated, one week into the study with conventional disinfectants.
  
  
  METHODS
  The project was carried out in a clinic of a department of periodontology of a faculty of dentistry during 1998.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both groups showed a marked reduction in bacterial counts. Under SEM Group A showed a total elimination of the biofilm and Group B a partial removal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Distilled water was ineffective in controlling bacterial counts and biofilm. Electrochemically activated water was effective for this purpose.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Pretoria.
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Marais
authors.forename: V S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Brözel
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D019551:Dental Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology; D003748:Dental Equipment; D003796:Dental Service, Hospital; D004563:Electrochemistry; D006801:Humans; D019552:Infection Control, Dental; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D006113:United Kingdom; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014871:Water Microbiology; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D019551:Dental Disinfectants; D014867:Water