[Animal transmissible subacute spongiform encephalopathies: scrapie in sheep and bovine spongiform encephalopathy].
In veterinary medecine, the field of animal Transmissible Subacute Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSSE) has been suddenly enlarged in 1986, by the dramatic outbreak of the Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) in the UK. Since this first observation BSE was recognised in various EU countries. BSE is largely considered, at the present time, as a food born infectious disease, resulting from the feeding of bone and meat meals (BMM) of bovine, after a rendering process modification. It is largely agreed that the ovine Scrapie prion could be transmitted to bovine through the alimentary way. Unlike Scrapie, BSE is characterized by its remarkable pathological monomorphism and the absence of obvious relationship between the prion infectivy and the recipient genotype. Another feature of BSE agent is its broad spectrum of interspecies infectivity, including through the alimentary route, raising very important questions both for animal and public health. The new variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (nv CJD) which was described in the UK, results certainly from a human contamination by bovine products. Regulation have been made in the EU, in order to stop the infectious spreading (BMM banning for Ruminants feeding) and to protect the consumer (banning of "specified risk materials" in human alimentation).
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Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologie, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort.
D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000662:veterinary; D016643:Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission*; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005062:European Union; D006801:Humans; D017096:Prion Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission; D011634:Public Health; D012608:Scrapie / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission*; D012756:Sheep; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology