title: Growth hormone replacement therapy in adults with growth hormone deficiency improves vascular reactivity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with adult growth hormone (GH) deficiency are thought to be of increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Impaired vascular reactivity to endothelium derived nitric oxid (NO) is an early event in the development of atherosclerosis. In order to detect a possible effect of GH on vascular endothelium we examined forearm vasodilator responses in 8 patients with adult GH-deficiency before and after 3 months GH replacement therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forearm blood flow studies were performed using venous occlusion plethysmography. Blood flow was measured at baseline and during intra-arterial infusions of 3 cumulative doses (7.5, 15 and 30 microg/minutes) of acetylcholine chloride and of sodium nitroprusside (1, 3 and 10 microg/minutes). Fasting blood samples were collected for measurement of lipid profile, Haemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), glucose, IGF-I and insulin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GH replacement therapy significantly increased IGF-I concentrations and tended to increase fasting insulin concentrations (IGF-I: 72.7 +/- 12.4 vs. 130.8 +/- 18.5 microg/l, P < 0.001; fasting insulin: 14.3 +/- 3.4 vs. 32.9 +/- 18.6, mU/l, P = 0.06). Fasting lipid profile, glucose and HbA1C did not significantly change. Blood flow responses to acetylcholine were significantly greater after GH replacement therapy (10.3 +/- 1.0 vs. 17.6 +/- 2.5 ml/minutes/100 ml for the highest dose, P < 0.03). There was a strong tendency to increased blood flow response to nitroprusside after GH therapy (10.7 +/- 1.2 vs. 17.5 +/- 1.7 ml/minutes/100 ml for the highest dose, P = 0.06).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that GH replacement therapy may have a beneficial effect on endothelium function which is independent of quantitative changes in fasting lipid profile.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine, St Thomas Hospital (UMDS), London, UK. emanuel.christ@hcuge.ch
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Christ
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Chowienczyk
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Sönksen
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Russel-Jones
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000098:blood supply; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007018:Hypopituitarism / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D009599:Nitroprusside; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014665:Vasodilator Agents
chemical_list: D000109:Acetylcholine; D002784:Cholesterol; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D013006:Growth Hormone; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D009599:Nitroprusside; D014280:Triglycerides; D014665:Vasodilator Agents