title: Comparison of candesartan, enalapril, and their combination in congestive heart failure: randomized evaluation of strategies for left ventricular dysfunction (RESOLVD) pilot study. The RESOLVD Pilot Study Investigators.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We investigated the effects of candesartan (an angiotensin II antagonist) alone, enalapril alone, and their combination on exercise tolerance, ventricular function, quality of life (QOL), neurohormone levels, and tolerability in congestive heart failure (CHF).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven hundred sixty-eight patients in New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA-FC) II to IV with ejection fraction (EF) <0.40 and a 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) <500 m received either candesartan (4, 8, or 16 mg), candesartan (4 or 8 mg) plus 20 mg of enalapril, or 20 mg of enalapril for 43 weeks. There were no differences among groups with regard to 6MWD, NYHA-FC, or QOL. EF increased (P=NS) more with candesartan-plus-enalapril therapy (0.025+/-0.004) than with candesartan alone (0.015+/-0.004) or enalapril alone(0.015+/-0.005). End-diastolic (EDV) and end-systolic (ESV) volumes increased less with combination therapy (EDV 8+/-4 mL; ESV 1+/-4 mL; P<0.01) than with candesartan alone (EDV 27+/-4 mL; ESV 18+/-3 mL) or enalapril alone (EDV 23+/-7 mL; ESV 14+/-6 mL). Blood pressure decreased with combination therapy (6+/-1/4+/-1 mm Hg) compared with candesartan or enalapril alone (P<0.05). Aldosterone decreased (P<0.05) with combination therapy (23.2+/-5.3 pg/mL) at 17 but not 43 weeks compared with candesartan (0.7+/-7.8 pg/mL) or enalapril (-0.8+/-11. 3 pg/mL). Brain natriuretic peptide decreased with combination therapy (5.8+/-2.7 pmol/L; P<0.01) compared with candesartan (4. 4+/-3.8 pmol/L) and enalapril alone (4.0+/-5.0 pmol/L).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Candesartan alone was as effective, safe, and tolerable as enalapril. The combination of candesartan and enalapril was more beneficial for preventing left ventricular remodeling than either candesartan or enalapril alone.
authors.affiliation: Hamilton Health Sciences Corporation-General Division, and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. mckelrob@hamcivhos.on.ca
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: McKelvie
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yusuf
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pericak
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Avezum
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Probstfield
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Tsuyuki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rouleau
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Latini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maggioni
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pogue
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004656:Enalapril / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011188:Potassium / Q000097:blood; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D016276:Ventricular Function
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006728:Hormones; D013777:Tetrazoles; D004656:Enalapril; D003404:Creatinine; D011188:Potassium; C081643:candesartan