title: Sampling lymphoid tissue cells by ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration of lymph nodes in HIV-infected patients. Swiss HIV Cohort Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish the feasibility of using ultrasound-guided lymph node needle aspiration as a means to obtain lymphoid tissue cells for the determination of a series of immunologic and virologic measures in HIV-infected patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  First, a comparison of the characteristics of cell populations obtained by simultaneous needle aspiration and standard excisional biopsy in six patients. Second, use of lymph node needle aspiration to assess longitudinally T-cell subset changes in patients initiating highly effective antiretroviral treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  T-cell subsets (CD4 and CD8) and percentage Ki67+ cycling T cells were measured in lymph node cell populations harvested by ultrasound-guided aspiration or standard biopsy by flow cytometry. Cellular RNA content was assessed by a modification of the Roche Amplicor HIV-1 Monitor test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CD4 and CD8 T-cell percentage and HIV RNA cell content of lymph node cell suspensions obtained from the simultaneous performance of ultrasound-guided needle aspiration and excisional biopsy in the same patients were correlated (n = 6). Among the 87 aspiration sessions reported here, mononuclear cell suspensions were obtained in 100% of the sessions, in numbers ranging between 4x10(4) to 6.7x10(6) cells (median: 7x10(5)). This limited number of cells did not allow to perform all type of analyses in all patients. By prioritizing the cells for the determination of T-cell subsets and proliferation rate, this approach was instrumental for demonstrating the normalization of the T-cell subset ratio and the kinetic of normalization of proliferating rates of CD4 and CD8 T cells, as well as the decrease in HIV-1 viral load in the lymph node following HAART initiation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ultrasound-guided aspiration appears to be a non-invasive and ad libitum, safe and repeatable procedure for the longitudinal monitoring of changes in lymph nodes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Bart
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Meuwly
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Corpataux
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yerly
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rizzardi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fleury
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Munoz
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Knabenhans
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Welbon
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pantaleo
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Meylan
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D002219:Carbamates; D015224:Dideoxynucleosides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005663:Furans; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014463:Ultrasonography; D000099227:Abacavir
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D002219:Carbamates; D015224:Dideoxynucleosides; D005663:Furans; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D012367:RNA, Viral; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D013449:Sulfonamides; D000099227:Abacavir; C095108:amprenavir