title: Description of the role of nonphysician practitioners in radiation oncology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  With changes in reimbursement and a decrease in the number of residents, there is a need to explore new ways of achieving high-quality patient care in radiation oncology. One mechanism is the implementation of nonphysician practitioner roles. The purpose of this paper is to describe the roles and responsibilities of clinical nurse specialists (CNSs), nurse practitioners (NPs), and physician assistants (PAs) currently working in the field of radiation oncology in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  A nationwide mailing was sent to elicit responses to an 8-page self-report questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The final sample of 86 included 45 (52%) CNSs, 31 (36%) NPs, and 10 (12%) PAs. Two-thirds worked in private practice settings. Most of the nonphysician practitioners frequently obtained histories (57-90%) and ordered laboratory studies (52-68%). However, NPs and PAs were more likely than CNSs to frequently perform "medical" services such as perform physical exams (42-80% vs. 19-36%), order radiologic studies (50% vs. 17%), and prescribe medication (60-84% vs. 26%). CNSs were more likely to provide "supportive" services such as develop educational materials, participate in quality improvement initiatives, and develop policies and procedures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nonphysician practitioners are not substituting for physicians, but rather are working in collaboration with them, performing designated tasks.
authors.affiliation: Ambulatory Care, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Kelvin
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Moore-Higgs
mesh_terms: D019538:Health Care Surveys; D009720:Nurse Clinicians; D009722:Nurse Practitioners; D010823:Physician Assistants; D011364:Professional Practice / Q000458:organization & administration*; D018787:Radiation Oncology; D014481:United States; D000078329:Workforce