title: A partial conditioning approach to achieve mixed chimerism in the rat: depletion of host natural killer cells significantly reduces the amount of total body irradiation required for engraftment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mixed allogeneic bone marrow chimerism induces tolerance to solid organ grafts. Although we previously reported that partially ablative conditioning with 700 cGy of total body irradiation (TBI) is sufficient to allow for bone marrow engraftment in mice, we determined that a minimum of 1000 cGy was required in the rat. Because T cells and NK cells are critical in bone marrow graft rejection, our purpose was to examine whether targeting of radioresistant NK cells and/or T cells in the recipient hematopoietic microenvironment would reduce the TBI dose required for engraftment of allogeneic rat bone marrow.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wistar Furth rats received either anti-NK3.2.3 monoclonal antibodies on days -3 and -2, anti-lymphocyte serum on day -5, a combination of both or no pretreatment. TBI was performed on day 0 and rats were reconstituted with 100x10(6) T cell-depleted bone marrow cells from ACI donors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Engraftment of T cell-depleted rat bone marrow was readily achieved in animals conditioned with 1000 cGy TBI alone (12/12) and the level of donor chimerism averaged 89%. At 900 cGy TBI alone only one of eight recipients engrafted. In striking contrast, 11 of 12 animals pretreated with anti-NK monoclonal antibodies and irradiated with 900 cGy showed donor chimerism at a mean level of 41%. No further enhancement of bone marrow engraftment could be achieved when recipients were pretreated with antilymphocyte serum alone or antilymphocyte serum plus anti-NK monoclonal antibodies. Mixed allogeneic chimeras exhibited stable multilineage chimerism and donor-specific tolerance to subsequent cardiac allografts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Specific targeting of radioresistant host NK cells allows for a significant reduction of the TBI dose required for allogeneic bone marrow engraftment.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, University of Louisville, Glenolden, PA 19036, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Neipp
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Gammie
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Exner
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Chambers
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Ildstad
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D000961:Antilymphocyte Serum / Q000494:pharmacology; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000473:pathology; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000517:prevention & control; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000276:immunology; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D007700:Kinetics; D008212:Lymphocyte Depletion; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D051381:Rats; D011912:Rats, Inbred ACI; D011920:Rats, Inbred WF; D018183:Transplantation Chimera / Q000276:immunology*; D019172:Transplantation Conditioning / Q000379:methods*; D014916:Whole-Body Irradiation
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000961:Antilymphocyte Serum