title: Factors related to impairment of activities of daily living.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined the factors related to the impairment of activities of daily living (ADL).
  
  
  METHODS
  ADL was evaluated by using ADL-20, which consists of 20 items from 4 major categories of activities; mobility, self-care, instrumental, and communication. The patients' gender, birth date, clinical diagnosis, past history, life styles, physical findings, laboratory data, and details of therapy were also recorded. Patients A total of 1,163 outpatients aged 50 years or older were included. Data from 1,093 patients were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We divided the subjects into two groups; Group I having full marks of ADL-20 (n=582) and group II exhibiting an impairment of ADL (n=511). Multiple logistic analysis revealed that in both sexes age and stroke were common independent factors related to the impairment of ADL. Other factors associated with impairment of ADL were smoking in men and presence of proteinuria in women. The presence of hyperlipidemia was associated with preservation of the ADL in women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results demonstrated significant associations of smoking in men and the presence of proteinuria in women with the impairment of ADL in elderly Japanese outpatients. There appears to be a sex difference in the risk factors of impairment of ADL.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamiyama
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Muratani
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukiyama
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kuwajima
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shiomi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawano
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mikami
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ibayashi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Omae
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000072038:Cardiac Rehabilitation; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010045:Outpatients; D015995:Prevalence; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires