title: Light and choroidal PO2 modulation of intraretinal oxygen levels in an avascular retina.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the influence that choroidal oxygen level and outer retinal oxygen demand have on oxygen availability to the inner retina when the choroid is the only source of retinal oxygenation. This condition prevails in avascular retinas and in vascularized retinas suffering vascular occlusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Oxygen-sensitive microelectrodes were used to measure the oxygen tension as a function of depth in the naturally avascular retina of anesthetized and mechanically ventilated guinea pigs (n = 6). Choroidal PO2 was manipulated by varying the ventilation gas mixture, and outer retinal oxygen consumption was modulated by light-dark adaptation. Individual PO2 profiles were fitted to a multilayer mathematical model of PO2 distribution, and pairs of profiles at different choroidal PO2 levels, or under light and dark conditions, were fitted to an intraretinal PO2 difference model. Both models reflect the purely choroidal supply of retinal oxygenation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An increase in choroidal PO2 produced an equivalent increase in all retinal layers. Light induced a decreased oxygen consumption in the region of the inner segments of the photoreceptors, which resulted in a significant increase in PO2 in this layer, flowing on unattenuated to all inner retinal layers. The intraretinal PO2 distribution and the light- and ventilatory-induced changes in PO2 were consistent with theoretical predictions of the mathematical models.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present experimental studies confirm that when the choroid is the only source of retinal oxygenation, the full effect of increased choroidal oxygen level or reduced uptake in the outer retina passes through to the inner retinal layers if the oxygen utilization by the inner retina remains constant.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Perth. cringle@cyllene.uwa.edu.au
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Cringle
authors.forename: D Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Alder
authors.forename: E N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Su
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002829:Choroid / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects; D003623:Dark Adaptation; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006935:Hypercapnia / Q000378:metabolism; D018496:Hyperoxia / Q000378:metabolism; D017736:Ion-Selective Electrodes; D007511:Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism; D008027:Light; D008297:Male; D008839:Microelectrodes; D008954:Models, Biological; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D012160:Retina / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen