title: Continuous quality improvement for point-of-care testing using background monitoring of duplicate specimens.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite compliance with quality control standards, concerns remain as to the accuracy and reliability of point-of-care testing.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess a practical method for quality improvement using the context in which point-of-care testing is done.
  
  
  METHODS
  Quality measures for point-of-care testing, making use of natural duplication of results obtained by other testing methods, were used to monitor testing quality and evaluate quality improvement interventions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five adult intensive care units (total of 88 beds) in a large academic medical center, using point-of-care testing for blood gases, electrolytes, and hematocrit levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nurses performing bedside testing and laboratory personnel assigned the responsibility for supervising their performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Quality of testing was monitored continuously, and, where problems were identified, training and support interventions implemented, and their effects evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Improvement in correlation coefficients and regression parameters of point-of-care hematocrit and potassium testing results compared with contemporaneous results from the core laboratory.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The initial survey found point-of-care potassium levels were tightly correlated with core laboratory results (r = 0.958). Baseline correlation coefficients and regression parameters for point-of-care hematocrit levels compared with core laboratory values varied widely from unit to unit. The intensive care units with the highest variances of bedside vs core laboratory testing received targeted interventions. Follow-up yielded evidence of dramatic improvement; 1 unit experienced an increase in correlation from 0.50 to 0.95.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that, when point-of-care testing is highly dependent on operator technique, targeted interventions can resolve problems and provide reliable results at the bedside.
authors.affiliation: RAND Graduate School, Santa Monica, Calif, USA.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Kilgore
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Steindel
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D001784:Blood Gas Analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000097:blood; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006400:Hematocrit / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems / Q000592:standards*; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care
chemical_list: D004573:Electrolytes