title: Increased plasma levels of mature form of adrenomedullin in patients with chronic renal failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adrenomedullin (AM), a novel vasodilator peptide, is produced by C-terminal amidation reaction of AM-glycine. AM-glycine, an intermediate form of AM (iAM), is processed from pro AM. AM circulating in the human blood stream was found to consist of an amidated mature form (mAM) and iAM. Biological activity is exerted only by mAM.
  
  
  METHODS
  To investigate the pathophysiological role of mAM in renal disease, we measured plasma concentrations of mAM as well as total AM (tAM), representing both mAM and iAM, in patients with various renal diseases. In addition, plasma ANP level was measured in all patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The concentrations of plasma mAM in renal failure with dialysis (2.1 +/- 0.2 fmol/ml, mean +/- SEM) and without dialysis (1.2 +/- 0.2) were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those in control group (0.5 +/- 0.1). However, the plasma ANP level was increased only in renal failure patients with dialysis. Plasma mAM levels were significantly correlated positively with serum creatinine levels and negatively with hematocrit. No significant difference was noted in the ratio of mAM/tAM between renal failure patients and healthy subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that plasma mAM is increased in renal failure in relation to deterioration of renal function, while the amidation process of AM seems to be unaffected in patients with renal failure.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Miyazaki Medical College, Kiyotake, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishihara
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yokota
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hisanaga
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hirayama
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kitamura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eto
mesh_terms: D053607:Adrenomedullin; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000097:blood; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005921:Glomerulonephritis / Q000097:blood; D005998:Glycine / Q000378:metabolism; D006400:Hematocrit; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000145:classification / Q000628:therapy; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010455:Peptides / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010455:Peptides; D011355:Prodrugs; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D004921:Erythropoietin; D053607:Adrenomedullin; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D003404:Creatinine; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; D005998:Glycine