title: Testicular germ cell tumors, an update. Results of the German cooperative studies 1982-1997.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oncologic treatment of childhood testicular germ cell tumors can be regarded as a model of curable neoplasm. Over 50% of the tumors are stage I A, produce alpha-fetoprotein and thus provide after semicastration a "wait and see" policy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The MAHO 82, 88, 94 cooperative studies registered between 1982 and 1997 197 patients, 110 patients had yolk sac tumors (YST), 47 differentiated teratomas (TD), 38 malignant teratomas of either intermediate (MTI), undifferentiated (MTU), or trophoblastic type (MTT) and two seminomas. After semicastration only 65 patients received standard chemotherapy according to stage and histology consisting of four courses of vinblastine, bleomycin and cisplatin. If after two courses viable tumor was indicated, delayed laparotomy was performed (seven patients). Patients with incomplete tumor response after two courses received three courses of etoposide, ifosfamide and cisplatin (nine patients).
  
  
  RESULTS
  105 patients had YST stage I, five higher stages of disease. One of these died by tumor progression. Of 91 patients followed according to "wait and see" only 14 needed standard chemotherapy. The NED of 105 patients is 99%. 47 patients had TD stage I; the NED is 100%. 13 patients had malignant teratomas stage I. 13 patients had stage II and received chemotherapy; the NED for these 26 patients is 100%. 12 patients had stages III or IV, four died.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In testicular germ cell tumors of childhood in alpha-fetoprotein producing tumors of stage I A a "wait and see" program is safe. X-irradiation or primary lymphadenectomy can be omitted since chemotherapy alone reveals excellent results.
authors.affiliation: Kinderklinik der LMU München.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Haas
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Göbel
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Harms
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018997:Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human / Q000097:blood; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D009919:Orchiectomy; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018997:Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins