title: D allele of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene is a risk factor for secondary cardiac events after myocardial infarction.
abstract: We retrospectively examined the relationship between the genotype of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene or the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene, and the secondary cardiac events after myocardial infarction. The study population consisted of 176 patients (ACE genotype: deletion homozygote (DD)=20, insertion/deletion heterozygote (ID)=91, insertion homozygote (II)=65; MTHFR genotype: valine homozygote (VV)=37, valine/alanine heterozygote (VA)=71, alanine homozygote (AA)=68) with acute or recent myocardial infarction at the start of the follow-up. We defined the occurrence of cardiac death, recurrent myocardial infarction, or admission due to unstable angina as the endpoint. Cardiac events related coronary intervention were excluded from the endpoints. During the follow-up (1903+/-1414 days), four patients had cardiac death, 12 patients had recurrent myocardial infarction and 13 patients had admission due to unstable angina. A Cox analysis revealed that the endpoints were significantly associated with diabetes mellitus (RR=4.423), total cholesterol level (RR=1.025) and the genotype of the ACE gene (RR=4.490). The ID or DD genotype of the ACE gene was associated with higher occurrence of the endopoints. The MTFHR gene was not associated with the endopoint. The present results suggest that the presence of the deletion allele of the ACE gene may be a risk factor for secondary cardiac events after myocardial infarction.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan. mi-yoshi@mx.biwa.ne.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Iwai
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohmichi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Izumi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D003643:Death; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005819:Genetic Markers; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D042965:Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2); D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality; D000587:Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors / Q000235:genetics; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D004247:DNA; D000587:Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors; D042965:Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2); D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A