title: Effect of access to a running wheel on behavior of C57BL/6J mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate how and when mice run on a running wheel and how ad libitum access to the wheel affect behavior, feed intake, and weight gain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen 2-month-old C57BL/6J mice had access to the wheel, whereas 19 control mice did not. After 3 to 6.5 weeks, behavior was video-recorded over 24 h for each mouse.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Experimental mice ran an average 2 km/24 h in 114 min. Highest running activity took place at the onset of darkness. Experimental mice spent 22 min more feeding on the cage floor than did control mice. These times were deducted from those for all other behaviors: 74 min from resting time, 39 min from climbing and feeding on the cage lid, 14 min from locomotion on the cage floor, and 10 min from grooming. In relative figures, deduction from sleeping time was only 9%, whereas climbing time was halved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Climbing on the cage lid has a similar circadian rhythm as does wheel running and high-energy expenditure. Because experimental mice climbed less, their weight gain and feed intake were similar to those of control mice. Thus, wheel running can substitute for other forms of energy-consuming behaviors and vice versa.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Zoology and Veterinary Medicine, University of Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harri
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lindblom
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Malinen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hyttinen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lapveteläinen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eskola
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Helminen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D004435:Eating; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL / Q000502:physiology*; D009043:Motor Activity; D005082:Physical Exertion; D015430:Weight Gain