title: Predictability of dielectric properties for ischemic injury of the skeletal muscle before reperfusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to assess whether or not dielectric properties could predict the severity of ischemic injury of the skeletal muscle before reperfusion to prevent the myonephropathic metabolic syndrome (MNMS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Japanese White rabbits were anesthetized and their hind limbs were subjected to 0, 2, 4, and 6 h of ischemia and then 10 h of reperfusion (n = 4, 5, 6, and 6). Dielectric properties of the gastrocnemius muscle were measured and tan delta(m) and D were calculated from them. To assess ischemic injury, we also measured (a) creatine phosphate kinase (CPK) and aldolase, (b) spectrophotometric assay of triphenyltetrazolium chloride assay, and (c) histological evaluation by H & E staining, 10 h after reperfusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The tan delta(m) increased and D decreased significantly compared with those in preischemia (P < 0.01). The tan delta(m) value just before reperfusion significantly correlated positively with the maximum value of CPK (CPK(max)) or the maximum value of aldolase (ALD(max)) (r = 0.73, 0.69) and negatively with %TTC (r = 0.66). The D value just prior to reperfusion significantly correlated negatively with CPK(max) and ALD(max) (r = 0.81, 0.86) and positively with %TTC (r = 0.79) after reperfusion, respectively. Histologically, skeletal muscle necrosis was detected in 11 out of 12 skeletal muscles with tan delta(m) values which were 3.70 or more and 11 out of 14 muscles with D values which were 1.47 or less.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The severity of skeletal muscle ischemic injury can be evaluated before reperfusion by measuring the dielectric properties during ischemia.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Surgery, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan. miyamiya@cc.gifu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyauchi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hirose
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murakawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kumada
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwata
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005544:Forecasting; D005634:Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase / Q000097:blood; D007511:Ischemia / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D009336:Necrosis; D011817:Rabbits; D015424:Reperfusion; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; C009591:triphenyltetrazolium; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D005634:Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase