title: Human immunodeficiency viruses type 1 subtypes circulating in Sspain.
abstract: Genetic subtypes of Human immunodeficiency viruses type 1 (HIV-1) were investigated in 101 HIV-1-infected individuals living in Spain from 1993 to 1998. Samples selected randomly from the HIV clinic population included 29 Spanish native born subjects (28.7%) and 72 foreigners (71.3%). Proviral DNA extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or viral RNA isolated from plasma was amplified, and endonuclease restriction analysis was carried out on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis on the HIV-1 protease region enabled the characterisation of the different HIV genotypes infecting these individuals. Overall, 38 subjects (37.6%) carried non-B subtypes (A in 26, C in 2, D in 1, E in 2, and F in 7), 31 (81. 6%) of them being immigrants. Direct sequence analysis of PCR products and/or a specific serological assay confirmed the data obtained by RFLP in most individuals tested. In conclusion, different HIV-1 subtypes are circulating currently in Spain, with non-B HIV-1 subtypes being confined mostly to immigrants.
authors.affiliation: Service of Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Holguín
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rodés
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Dietrich
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Soriano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000276:immunology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D016333:HIV Protease / Q000235:genetics; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000276:immunology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D012703:Serotyping; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; C059762:HIV envelope protein gp120 (305-321); D010446:Peptide Fragments; D012367:RNA, Viral; D016333:HIV Protease