title: Nitric oxide inhalation in the treatment of primary graft failure following heart transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Primary graft failure from right or left ventricular insufficiency remains a serious cause of early death following heart transplantation. Inhaled nitric oxide (NO) is a potent pulmonary vasodilator that could decrease pulmonary pressure and improve right ventricular function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two cases of early graft failure following orthotopic heart transplantation were treated with NO inhalation. The treatment consisted of inhalation of 20 ppm of NO, introduced 4 to 6 hours following transplantation, in 2 patients supported with high doses of inotropic agents and vasopressors in addition to the intra-aortic balloon pump.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the first and second cases, NO inhalation resulted in a decrease in pulmonary artery pressure, in a decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance and in an increase in cardiac index. In the second patient, systemic oxygenation improved markedly 30 minutes after initiation of NO. In the 2 patients, NO inhalation, mechanical ventilation and the intra-aortic balloon pump were weaned 4 days following transplantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Primary graft failure from donor ischemic damage, reperfusion injury or pulmonary hypertension remains a serious complication. The use of an intra-aortic balloon pump, inotropic agents and of inhaled NO appears to offer the best support for recovery of donor heart function. Primary graft failure from right or left ventricular insufficiency remains a serious cause of early mortality following heart transplantation. Ischemic damage of donor heart, reperfusion injury or pulmonary hypertension are the main causes of early graft failure. Although the cause is multifactorial, treatment of primary organ failure remains difficult with dismal results. The objective of the present study was to review the result of 2 patients with donor right heart failure following heart transplantation treated with inhaled nitric oxide (NO).
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Anesthesia and Radiology, Montreal Heart Institute, and Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. carrier@icm.umontreal.ca
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carrier
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Blaise
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bélisle
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Perrault
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pellerin
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Petitclerc
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Pelletier
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D009569:Nitric Oxide