title: Group V phospholipase A(2)-dependent induction of cyclooxygenase-2 in macrophages.
abstract: When exposed for prolonged periods of time (up to 20 h) to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) murine P388D(1) macrophages exhibit a delayed prostaglandin biosynthetic response that is entirely mediated by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Both the constitutive Group IV cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)) and the inducible Group V secretory phospholipase A(2) (sPLA(2)) are involved in the cyclooxygenase-2-dependent generation of prostaglandins in response to LPS. Using the selective sPLA(2) inhibitor 3-(3-acetamide-1-benzyl-2-ethylindolyl-5-oxy)propane sulfonic acid (LY311727) and an antisense oligonucleotide specific for Group V sPLA(2), we found that induction of COX-2 expression is strikingly dependent on Group V sPLA(2), which was further confirmed by experiments in which exogenous Group V sPLA(2) was added to the cells. Exogenous Group V sPLA(2) was able to induce significant arachidonate mobilization on its own and to induce expression of the COX-2. None of these effects was observed if inactive Group V sPLA(2) was utilized, implying that enzyme activity is crucial for these effects to take place. Therefore, not only delayed prostaglandin production but also COX-2 gene induction are dependent on a catalytically active Group V sPLA(2). COX-2 expression was also found to be blunted by the Group IV cPLA(2) inhibitor methyl arachidonyl fluorophosphonate, which we have previously found to block Group V sPLA(2) induction as well. Collectively, the results support a model whereby Group IV cPLA(2) activation regulates the expression of Group V sPLA(2), which in turn is responsible for delayed prostaglandin production by regulating COX-2 expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0601, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Balsinde
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shinohara
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Lefkowitz
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Balboa
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Dennis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002384:Catalysis; D002460:Cell Line; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010741:Phospholipases A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007211:Indoles; D007527:Isoenzymes; C095553:LY 311727; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D010741:Phospholipases A