title: Plasmodium falciparum mdr1 mutations and in vivo chloroquine resistance in Indonesia.
abstract: Mutations in the Pfmdr1 gene are reported to be associated with chloroquine resistance in some Plasmodium falciparum isolates. A polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism method was used for the detection of Pfmdr1 mutations in chloroquine-resistant field isolates of P. falciparum collected in Irian Jaya. The frequency of Pfmdr1 mutations was significantly higher in chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum parasites than background frequencies observed in the same location. The 7G8 mutation was identified in some parasites although always in a mixed genotype status. Chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum specimens were characterized using the World Health Organization 28-day criteria, supplemented by demonstrating adequate chloroquine absorption and genetic analysis.
authors.affiliation: Navy Environmental and Preventive Medicine Unit No. 2, Norfolk, Virginia 23511, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gómez-Saladín
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Fryauff
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Laksana
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Susanti
authors.lastname: Purnomo
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Subianto
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Richie
mesh_terms: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D000818:Animals; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004351:Drug Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D004586:Electrophoresis; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia; D008288:Malaria / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology; D009154:Mutation; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D000962:Antimalarials; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; C059987:mdr gene protein, Plasmodium; D002738:Chloroquine