title: Effects of chronic long-term therapy with calcium antagonists on cytogenetic damage in humans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether chronic long-term calcium antagonist therapy may increase genotoxicity, the chromosome aberration test, a widely accepted genotoxic assay, was used ex vivo in peripheral human lymphocytes of patients with or without long-term exposure to calcium antagonist therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a case-control study design, we evaluated 30 ischaemic and/or hypertensive patients (22 males, eight females; age 59.4+/-1.5 years), under chronic calcium antagonist treatment (group I), for more than 3 years (4.4+/-0.34 years) and 30 age-matched subjects, without any previous exposure to calcium antagonists (group II). Venous blood samples were collected from the patients and cultures were set up for cytogenetic analysis by standard methods. For each subject, 100 metaphases were scored. The two groups showed similar values (mean +/- SEM) for percentage aberrant cells (group I 2.6+/-0.3 versus group II 2.5+/-0.3, not significant), percentage structural aberrations (group I 1.9+/-0.3 versus group II 1.8+/-0.2, not significant) and percentage numerical aberrations (group I 0.70+/-0.2 versus group II 0.73+/-0.2, not significant).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term calcium antagonist therapy is not associated with an increased incidence of chromosomal indices of genotoxic damage in humans.
authors.affiliation: CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy. andreas@ifc.pi.cnr.it
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Andreassi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Picano
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Del Ry
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Petrozzi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Giannessi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Varga
mesh_terms: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008677:Metaphase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers