title: Effects of oral fructose and glucose on plasma GLP-1 and appetite in normal subjects.
abstract: Oral glucose is a potent stimulant of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion. The effect of oral fructose on GLP-1 secretion in humans is unknown. The aims of this study were to determine (i) whether oral fructose stimulates GLP-1 secretion and (ii) the comparative effects of oral glucose and fructose on appetite. On 3 separate days, 8 fasting healthy males received, in single-blind randomized order (i) 75 g glucose, (ii) 75 fructose, or (iii) 75 g glucose followed by 75 g fructose I h later. Venous glucose, insulin and GLP-1 were measured. Appetite was assessed by visual analog questionnaires and intake of a buffet meal. Whereas glucose and fructose both increased plasma glucose, insulin and GLP-1 (P < 0.000)] for all), the response to glucose was much greater (P < 0.005 for all). There was no increase in plasma GLP-1 when fructose was given after glucose. There was no difference in food intake after oral glucose or fructose. We conclude that oral fructose (75 g) stimulates GLP-1 (and insulin) secretion, but the response is less than that to 75 g glucose. These observations suggest that neither GLP-1 nor insulin play a major role in the regulation of satiation.
authors.affiliation: University of Adelaide, Department of Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Goble
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wishart
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wittert
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horowitz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001066:Appetite / Q000187:drug effects*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005632:Fructose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D006815:Hunger / Q000187:drug effects; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D012528:Satiety Response / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D007328:Insulin; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011498:Protein Precursors; D005632:Fructose; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D005934:Glucagon; D005947:Glucose