title: Opioid peptides as possible neuromodulators of the afferent synaptic transmission in the frog semicircular canal.
abstract: Vestibular receptors of the frog, Rana temporaria, were examined for the effect of bath-applied opioid peptide leu-enkephalin, its synthetic analogue dalargin and the specific opiate antagonist naloxone. Multiunit afferent activity of the whole vestibular nerve was recorded in an in vitro preparation. Leu-enkephalin (0.005-100 nM) and dalargin (0.1-100 nM) depress the resting discharge frequency. Naloxone (10 nM-1 microM) antagonizes responses induced by leu-enkephalin and dalargin that suggests a specific action of opioid peptides. Leu-enkephalin and delargin inhibit the excitatory action of L-glutamate. The effects of opioid peptides on L-glutamate-induced responses are unaffected by Co2+ block of transmitter release from hair cells that could speak in favour of the postsynaptic nature of these responses. At the same time, the other possible site of action of opioid peptides, such as efferent system, can not be excluded. The results indicate that opiate receptors are present in hair cells and that the neurotransmitter L-glutamate is involved in opiate action at the peripheral vestibular system of the frog. We suggest that opioid peptides may act as a neuromodulator in this system.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Physiology of Reception, Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg.
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Andrianov
authors.forename: I V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Ryzhova
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016308:Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009270:Naloxone / Q000494:pharmacology; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000187:drug effects; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D018847:Opioid Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D011896:Rana temporaria; D011957:Receptors, Opioid / Q000187:drug effects; D012665:Semicircular Canals / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D018847:Opioid Peptides; D011957:Receptors, Opioid; D009270:Naloxone; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D016308:Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; C040996:enkephalin-Leu, Ala(2)-Arg(6)-