title: Ethanol diet increases the sensitivity of rats to pancreatitis induced by cholecystokinin octapeptide.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although alcoholism is a major cause of pancreatitis, the pathogenesis of this disorder remains obscure. Failure to produce experimental alcoholic pancreatitis suggests that ethanol may only increase predisposition to pancreatitis. This study sought to develop a model of ethanol pancreatitis by determining if an ethanol diet sensitizes rats to pancreatitis caused by cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8).
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were fed intragastrically either control or ethanol diet for 2 or 6 weeks. The animals were then infused for 6 hours with either saline or CCK-8 at a dose of 3000 pmol. kg(-1). h(-1), which by itself did not induce pancreatitis. The following parameters were measured: serum amylase and lipase levels, pancreatic weight, inflammatory infiltration, number of apoptotic acinar cells, pancreatic messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of cytokines and chemokines, and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All measures of pancreatitis, as well as NF-kappaB activity and mRNA expression for tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6, monocyte chemotactic protein 1, macrophage inflammatory protein 2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase, were significantly increased only in rats treated with ethanol plus CCK-8.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An ethanol diet sensitizes rats to pancreatitis caused by CCK-8. The combined action of ethanol and CCK-8 results in NF-kappaB activation and up-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the pancreas. These mechanisms may contribute to the development of alcoholic pancreatitis.
authors.affiliation: CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, Departments of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Pandol
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Periskic
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gukovsky
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zaninovic
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zong
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Gukovskaya
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsukamoto
mesh_terms: D000681:Amylases / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D018925:Chemokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D008049:Lipase / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D010179:Pancreas / Q000187:drug effects; D019512:Pancreatitis, Alcoholic / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012844:Sincalide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000431:Ethanol; D008049:Lipase; D000681:Amylases; D012844:Sincalide