title: The enabler cannula pump: a novel circulatory support system.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The enabler circulatory support system is a catheter pump which expels blood from the left or right ventricular cavity and provides pulsatile flow in the ascending aorta or pulmonary artery. It is driven by a bedside installed pulsatile driving console. The device can easily be implanted by a minimal invasive approach, similar to the Hemopump.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate the hemodynamic performance of this new intracardiac support system.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a series of 9 sheep, hemodynamic evolutions were recorded in various conditions of myocardial contractility (the non-failing, the moderately failing and the severely failing heart). Heart failure was induced by injection of microspheres in the coronary arteries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Introduction of the cannula through the aortic valve was feasible in all cases. Pump flow by the enabler was gradually increased to a maximum of 3.5 L/min. Diastolic (and mean) aortic blood pressure is significantly increased in the non-failing and moderately failing condition (counterpulsation mode). In heart failure, cardiac output is significantly increased by the pump (p < 0.0001). A drop in left atrial pressure (indicating unloading) is achieved in all conditions but reaches significant levels only during heart failure (p=0.0068).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This new circulatory support system contributes to stabilization of the circulation in the presence of cardiac unloading. In heart failure it actually supports the circulation by increasing cardiac output and perfusion pressure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, K. U. Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Meyns
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozaki
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Racz
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dohmen
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Flameng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002302:Cardiac Output; D002303:Cardiac Output, Low / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006353:Heart-Assist Devices; D006439:Hemodynamics; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D012756:Sheep