title: Relationship of hepatitis C viremia to HIV state and to infection by specific hepatitis C genotypes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to examine the relationship of hepatitis C (HCV) viremia to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and to investigate the evidence of infection by specific hepatitis C genotypes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The analysis of HCV viremia was performed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in serum samples from 186 patients' selected by their positivity for anti-HCV antibodies. All samples were tested for HIV infection. In those patients with sera positivity for HCV RNA, isolates were genotyped by line probe assay. In those patients whose sera were negative for HCV RNA, antibodies specific for genotypes implicated in past HCV infection were detected by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HCV RNA was detected in 117 patients with anti-HCV antibodies (62.9%). There was no statistically significant association between HCV RNA and HIV positivity (Odds ratio, O.R.: 1.75, Confidence interval 95%, C.I.: 0.92-3.33, p = 0.095). A positive association was demonstrated between infection by HCV genotype 3 and HCV viremia (O.R.: 10.67, C.I.: 1.51-458.05, p = 0.015) in HIV-infected patients, as well as between infection by HCV genotype 1 and HCV viremia (O.R.: 4.71, C.I.: 1.65-13.75, p = 0.002) in HIV-non infected individuals. In both groups, a negative association was observed between past HCV infection by multiple genotypes and HCV viremia (HIV-infected patients, O.R.: 0.10, C.I.: 0.00-1.11, p = 0.033. HIV-non infected patients, O.R.: 0.05, C.I.: 0.00-0.41, p = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Infection by specific HCV genotypes (type 3 in HIV-infected patients and by type 1 in HIV-non infected ones) implies a higher risk of HCV viremia, whereas multiple HCV types infection is negatively associated with this probability. HIV coinfection does not influence the probability of HCV viremia.
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Service, Hospital Universitario Puerto Real, Spain.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pérez-Gracia
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Galán
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fernández-Gutiérrez
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Girón
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Iglesias
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006678:HIV / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000032:analysis; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014766:Viremia / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D015483:HIV Antibodies; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies; D012367:RNA, Viral