title: Relationship among activities of daily living, apathy, and subjective well-being in elderly people living alone in a rural town.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are limited psychological data on the quality of life and activities of daily living among elderly Japanese who live alone.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to examine the frequency of apathy and its correlation with activities of daily living and with subjective well-being in elderly people living alone in a depopulated rural area.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 96 individuals aged 70 years or older (mean age 77.8 years) who lived alone at home in a rural town. To evaluate activities of daily living, apathy, and subjective well-being, the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Competence Index, the Apathy Scale, and the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale (subjective well-being scale) were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 96 subjects, 94 (97.9%) showed apathy. The total score of the index of activities of daily living was primarily related to age and the apathy score and less to the PGC Morale Scale score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings demonstrate that apathy in subjects who live alone appears to exert a marked effect on their ability to perform routine activities of daily living.
authors.affiliation: Tsuwano Kyozon Hospital, Tsuwano, Japan. kazi-dr@shimane-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iijima
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged / Q000523:psychology*; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003866:Depressive Disorder; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D017533:Marital Status; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012424:Rural Population; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires