title: Treatment with inverse agonists enhances baseline atrial contractility in transgenic mice with chronic beta2-adrenoceptor activation.
abstract: In this study, we investigate whether chronic treatment with beta-adrenoceptor (betaAR) ligands with inverse agonist activity enhances myocardial beta2AR-mediated atrial tension more than neutral antagonists in transgenic mice (TG35). These mice exhibit chronic adrenoceptor activation because they possess a greater number of constitutively active receptors than wild type mice due to cardiac-specific overexpression of human betaARs. TG35 and wild type mice were chronically treated for 90 h with three inverse agonists, ICI-118,551, propranolol, and carvedilol, and one neutral antagonist, alprenolol. After 96 h, we compared the basal and isoprenaline-stimulated (10 microM) increase in atrial tension in treated or untreated TG35 mice and wild type mice. In parallel, to determine the effect of chronic betaAR ligand treatment on the amounts of G protein receptor kinase-2 (GRK-2) and G proteins, we performed Western blotting on myocardial cytosolic and membrane proteins. Atria from the TG35 mice treated with inverse agonists showed increases in the baseline tension compared to those from alprenolol/vehicle-treated mice. ICI-118,551 and propranolol treatment restored the elevated myocardial G-inhibitory protein (Gialpha) levels to that of wild type. Also, treatment with inverse agonists upregulated G-stimulatory protein (Gsalpha) levels and GRK2 above those levels in vehicle-treated TG35 or wild type mice. The increased baseline atrial tension was reversed by the addition of ICI-118,551. Overall, our data suggests that inverse agonists enhance baseline atrial tension more than neutral antagonists. Based on this, we propose that upregulation of the active conformation of the beta2ARs, Gsalpha protein and restoration of Gialpha as three possible mechanisms to explain this enhanced receptor activity. Therefore, the favourable effects of some ligands used in pathological conditions involving chronic adrenoceptor activation may be due to the inverse agonist activity of the ligand.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, TX 77204, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagaraja
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iyer
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eichberg
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bond
mesh_terms: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D054770:G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 3; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 / Q000502:physiology*; D051552:beta-Adrenergic Receptor Kinases
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D011412:Propanolamines; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; C026777:ICI 118551; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D054770:G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 3; C517848:GRK3 protein, human; C517850:GRK3 protein, mouse; D051552:beta-Adrenergic Receptor Kinases; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D007545:Isoproterenol