title: Fetal transesophageal echocardiography utilizing a 10-F, 10-MHz intravascular ultrasound catheter--comparison with conventional maternal transabdominal fetal echocardiography in sheep.
abstract: The purpose of our study in fetal sheep was to assess the measurement agreement between fetal transesophageal echocardiography (FTEE) and conventional maternal transabdominal echocardiography (CMTFE) by the Bland-Altman method. We performed our study in 11 fetal sheep between 95-103 days of gestation (term = 145 days). FTEE was performed by imaging the fetal heart in horizontal planes utilizing a 10-F, 10-MHz intravascular ultrasound catheter. CMTFE was carried out using a 5.0-MHz phased-array transducer replicating the FTEE imaging planes. We found close agreement between FTEE and CMTFE measurements of great vessel and cardiac valvar dimensions. Conversely, the variability between both techniques for measuring ventricular dimensions was inadequate. We conclude that FTEE permits measurement of great vessel and cardiac valve dimensions with high agreement with CMTFE measurements. This finding strengthens the applicability of FTEE as a monitoring tool during experimental open or fetoscopic fetal cardiac interventions.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, USA. tkohl@muenster.de
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kohl
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suda
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reckers
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Scheld
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vogt
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Silverman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004452:Echocardiography; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005318:Fetal Heart / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012756:Sheep; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal