title: Is alpha-ketoisocaproyl-glutamine a suitable glutamine precursor to sustain fibroblast growth?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glutamine is considered an essential nutrient for cellular growth.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To test the suitability of alpha-ketoisocaproyl-Gln (Kic-Gln) as a new glutamine (Gln) precursor to sustain human fibroblast growth.
  
  
  METHODS
  [3H] thymidine uptake into cellular DNA of human fibroblasts. Extracellular and intracellular amino acid patterns were determined with peptides and acylated compounds.
  
  
  RESULTS
  L-alanyl-L-glutamine (used here as a recognized Gln precursor) promoted DNA synthesis, while N-acetyl-L-glutamine (used here as a negative control since it is known to be a poor Gln precursor) and alpha-ketoisocaproyl-glutamine had no effect. Alanyl-glutamine progressively gave rise to free glutamine in the growth medium. In contrast, glutamine supplied in acylated form was poorly available and did not appear in free form in the medium. In addition, only alanyl-glutamine increased intracellular glutamine and glutamate levels. In contrast, Kic-Gln was able to sustain net protein synthesis as judged by total protein content and reduced intracellular levels of most essential amino acids.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Kic-Gln appears to be a poor extra-cellular precursor of Gln to sustain cell growth.
authors.affiliation: Inflammation and Cell Biology Laboratory, University Paris XI, Chatenay, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Coudray-Lucas
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lasnier
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Renaud
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ziegler
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Settembre
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Cynober
authors.forename: O G
authors.initials: OG
authors.lastname: Ekindjian
mesh_terms: D001682:Biological Availability; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism*; D005973:Glutamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D013936:Thymidine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004151:Dipeptides; C121595:alpha-ketoisocaproyl-glutamine; C032007:aceglutamide; D005973:Glutamine; D004247:DNA; C054122:alanylglutamine; D013936:Thymidine