title: Yariv reagent treatment induces programmed cell death in Arabidopsis cell cultures and implicates arabinogalactan protein involvement.
abstract: Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are a family of highly glycosylated, hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins implicated in various aspects of plant growth and development. (beta-D-glucosyl)3 and (beta-D-galactosyl)3 Yariv phenylglycosides, commonly known as Yariv reagents, specifically bind AGPs in a non-covalent manner. Here (beta-D-galactosyl)3 Yariv reagent was added to Arabidopsis thaliana cell suspension cultures and determined to induce programmed cell death (PCD) by three criteria: (i) DNA fragmentation as detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) of DNA 3'-OH groups; (ii) inter- nucleosomal DNA fragmentation as visualized by genomic Southern blotting; and (iii) structural changes characteristic of PCD including cytoplasmic shrinkage and condensation, chromatin condensation and nuclear membrane blebbing. These findings implicate AGP involvement in PCD in plants, presumably by perturbation of AGPs located at the plasma membrane-cell wall interface.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Porter Hall, Ohio University, Athens 45701-2979, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Showalter
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D005960:Glucosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009088:Mucoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010696:Phloroglucinol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005960:Glucosides; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009088:Mucoproteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; C104977:Yariv reagent; C006619:arabinogalactan proteins; D010696:Phloroglucinol