title: Prominent bifid T waves observed in the QT prolongation caused by complete atrioventricular blockade in a hypokalemic diabetic patient.
abstract: A 63-year-old diabetic man was admitted with general fatigue. Electrocardiogram (ECG) on admission showed complete atrioventricular (AV) blockade associated with prominent bifid T waves. The second component of the bifid T waves was distinguished from U waves by the beat-to-beat varying bifidity and the nadir between the two components located at > or = 1 mm above the isoelectric line. Range of absolute QT interval was 535 to 650 ms. Hypokalemia (3.6 mEq/L) was noted at admission. Partial restoration of the potassium level (3.9 mEq/L) prior to temporary ventricular demand pacing obscured the bifid T waves and attenuated the QT prolongation and dispersion to some extent (absolute QT interval ranging 520 to 620 ms). It was concluded that marked bradycardia caused by complete AV blockade (ie, a junctional escaped rhythm at a rate of 42 beats/min), hypokalemia, and underlying diabetes mellitus contributed in concert to the QT prolongation and dispersion leading to the prominent bifid T waves.
authors.affiliation: The First Department of Internal Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oka-Manabe
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Urae
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Amamoto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Niho
mesh_terms: D048909:Diabetes Complications; D004562:Electrocardiography; D006327:Heart Block / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007008:Hypokalemia / Q000150:complications*; D008133:Long QT Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged