title: Plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-I is associated with plasma leptin irrespective of body mass index, body fat mass, and plasma insulin and metabolic parameters in premenopausal women.
abstract: Leptin, the satiety hormone expressed almost exclusively in adipose tissue, is a marker of body fat accumulation in humans. Recent studies have shown that plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), a prothrombotic factor associated with atherosclerosis complications, is also produced in adipose tissue. The objective of the present study was to determine whether PAI-1 antigen plasma concentrations are associated with leptin plasma levels or the body fat mass (FM) independently of the variables known to influence PAI-1 production. Sixty-one nondiabetic women aged 18 to 45 years with a wide range of values for the body mass index ([BMI] 18.1 to 37.7 kg/m2) were evaluated for (1) body FM and fasting plasma levels of (2) PAI-1 antigen, (3) PAI-1 activity, (4) leptin, (5) insulin, (6) blood glucose, and (7) lipids (cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein [HDL]-cholesterol, and triglycerides [TG]). Body FM and fat-free mass (FFM) were estimated during fasting conditions by the bioimpedance analysis (BIA) method using a tetrapolar device. Body fat distribution was evaluated by the waist circumference and the waist to hip ratio (WHR). FM was directly associated with both PAI-1 antigen (r = .585, P < .001) and PAI-1 activity (r = .339, P < .001). Seemingly, leptin was positively related to both PAI-1 antigen (r = .630, P < .001) and PAI-1 activity (r = .497, P < .001). Moreover, both PAI-I antigen and PAI-1 activity were directly correlated with FFM (r = .285, P < .05, and r = .336, P < .01, respectively), BMI (r = .594, P < .001, and r = .458, P < .001, respectively), and WHR (r = .510, P < .001, and r = .391, P < .005, respectively). Insulin was directly related to PAI-1 antigen (r = .540, P < .001), PAI-1 activity (r = .259, P < .05), leptin (r = .447, P < .001), and FM (r = .435, P < .001). The association between PAI-1 antigen (dependent variable) and leptin or FM was tested by a stepwise regression model simultaneously including leptin, FM, BMI, WHR, age, FFM, and fasting insulin, blood glucose, TG, cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol as independent variables. PAI-1 antigen maintained a significant positive independent relationship only with leptin (t = 2.923, P < .01), insulin (t = 3.489, P < .001), and fasting blood glucose (t = 2.092, P < .05), and a negative independent relationship with HDL-cholesterol (t = -2.634, P < .05). In conclusion, the strong relationship between PAI-1 antigen and leptin irrespective of other variables known to influence these factors seems to indicate that leptin per se may potentially increase PAI-1 plasma concentrations in obese subjects.
authors.affiliation: Centro Emostasi e Trombosi, Istituto di Clinica Medica, Endocrinologia e Malattie Metaboliche, and Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, University of Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: De Mitrio
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Pergola
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vettor
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marino
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sciaraffia
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pagano
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Scaraggi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Di Lorenzo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Giorgino
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D020738:Leptin; D008875:Middle Aged; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000097:blood*; D017697:Premenopause / Q000097:blood*; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D011506:Proteins