title: Expression of Ca(2+)-mobilizing endothelin(A) receptors and their role in the control of Ca(2+) influx and growth hormone secretion in pituitary somatotrophs.
abstract: The expression and coupling of endothelin (ET) receptors were studied in rat pituitary somatotrophs. These cells exhibited periods of spontaneous action potential firing that generated high-amplitude fluctuations in cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)). The message and the specific binding sites for ET(A), but not ET(B), receptors were found in mixed pituitary cells and in highly purified somatotrophs. The activation of these receptors by ET-1 led to an increase in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate production and the associated rise in [Ca(2+)](i) and growth hormone (GH) secretion. The Ca(2+)-mobilizing action of ET-1 lasted for 2-3 min and was followed by an inhibition of action potential-driven Ca(2+) influx and GH secretion to below the basal levels. As in somatostatin-treated cells, the ET-1-induced inhibition of spontaneous electrical activity and Ca(2+) influx was accompanied by the inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and by the stimulation of inward rectifier potassium current. In contrast to somatostatin, ET-1 did not inhibit voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels. During prolonged agonist stimulation a gradual recovery of Ca(2+) influx and GH secretion occurred. In somatotrophs treated with pertussis toxin overnight, the ET-1-induced Ca(2+)-mobilizing phase was preserved, but it was followed immediately by facilitated Ca(2+) influx and GH secretion. Both somatostatin- and ET-1-induced inhibitions of adenylyl cyclase activity were abolished in pertussis toxin-treated cells. These results indicate that the transient cross-coupling of Ca(2+)-mobilizing ET(A) receptors to the G(i)/G(o) pathway in somatotrophs provides an effective mechanism to change the rhythm of [Ca(2+)](i) signaling and GH secretion during continuous agonist stimulation.
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Reproduction Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomić
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zivadinovic
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Van Goor
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koshimizu
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Stojilkovic
mesh_terms: D037361:Adenylate Cyclase Toxin; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D004533:Egtazic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D015544:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000494:pharmacology; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D010903:Pituitary Gland, Anterior / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D044022:Receptor, Endothelin A; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000494:pharmacology; D010566:Virulence Factors, Bordetella / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D037361:Adenylate Cyclase Toxin; D019332:Endothelin-1; D044022:Receptor, Endothelin A; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin; D010566:Virulence Factors, Bordetella; D013004:Somatostatin; D004533:Egtazic Acid; D015544:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate; D013006:Growth Hormone; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D009543:Nifedipine; D002118:Calcium