title: GABA(A) receptor-mediated inspiratory termination evoked by vagal stimulation in decerebrate cats.
abstract: To identify the GABAergic inhibitory mechanisms involved in inspiratory termination or off-switching (IOS), the effects of a specific enhancer of GABA(A) receptors, midazolam, and an antagonist, bicuculline, on vagally evoked inspiratory inhibitions and IOS were investigated in decerebrate cats. Stimulation of vagal afferents at late inspiration provoked either reversible inspiratory inhibition or IOS, depending on the stimulus intensity. Each response occurred at a constant latency (phase 1). The reversible response was triphasic, consisting of an early (phase 2) inhibition, a brief (phase 3) excitation and a late (phase 4) inhibition in the phrenic neurogram, and early (phase 2) IPSPs, brief (phase 3) EPSPs and late (phase 4) IPSPs in bulbar inspiratory (I) neurones. With an increasing stimulus intensity, phase 4 inhibitions were increased in amplitude and duration, leading to IOS. Midazolam (0.1 mg/kg i.v.) increased more selectively phase 4 IPSPs than phase 2 IPSPs in I neurones, and decreased the threshold for evoking IOS by producing an earlier and larger phase 4 IPSPs. Bicuculline (1.0 mg/kg i.v.) had an opposite effect. These results suggest that the late inhibitory response evoked by vagal stimulation in the I neuronal pool organizes an initial phase of IOS which is mediated by GABA(A) receptors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan. mp04ah@ms.toyama-mpu.ac.jp
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haji
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okazaki
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Takeda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001640:Bicuculline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002415:Cats; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000187:drug effects; D002712:Chlorides / Q000378:metabolism; D003655:Decerebrate State; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D018756:GABA Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018757:GABA Modulators / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018684:Glycine Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D007478:Iontophoresis; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010791:Phrenic Nerve / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000378:metabolism*; D012119:Respiration; D013331:Strychnine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects; D014628:Vagotomy; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D018756:GABA Antagonists; D018757:GABA Modulators; D018684:Glycine Agents; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A; D013331:Strychnine; D008874:Midazolam; D001640:Bicuculline