Genetics of HIV-1 infection: chemokine receptor CCR5 polymorphism and its consequences.
The chemokine receptor gene, CCR5, has become a central theme in studies of host genetic effects on HIV-1 pathogenesis ever since the discovery that the CCR5 molecule serves as a major cell surface co-receptor for the virus. A growing number of genetic variants within the coding and 5' regulatory region of CCR5 have been identified, several of which have functional consequences for HIV-1 pathogenesis. Here we review the CCR5 literature describing CCR5 polymorphism and the functional ramifications that several of these variants have on HIV-1 infection and progression to AIDS. The multiplicity of CCR5 genetic effects on HIV-1 disease underscores the critical importance of this gene in controlling AIDS pathogenesis and provides the logic for develop-ment of therapeutic strategies that target the interaction of HIV-1 envelope and CCR5 in HIV-1 associated disease.
Carrington
M
M
Intramural Research Support Program, SAIC-Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA.
Dean
M
M
Martin
M P
MP
O'Brien
S J
SJ
D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium / Q000235:genetics; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D016366:Open Reading Frames / Q000235:genetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*
D019713:Receptors, CCR5