title: Reduced activation and altered laterality in two neuroleptic-naive catatonic patients during a motor task in functional MRI.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Catatonia, a symptom complex with motor, affective and cognitive symptoms seen in a variety of psychotic conditions and with organic disease, was examined using a motor task using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Two acute catatonic patients and two age- and sex-matched healthy controls performed sequential finger opposition (SFO) after being medicated with 2 mg of lorazepam (i.v.). Functional magnetic resonance images were collected using a gradient echo pulse sequence (EPI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with catatonia showed reduced motor activation of the contralateral motor cortex during SFO of the right hand, ipsilateral activation was similar for patients and controls. There were no differences in the activation of the SMA. During left hand activation the right-handed catatonic patients showed more activation in the ipsilateral cortex, a reversal from the normal pattern of activation in which the contralateral side shows four to five times more activation than the ipsilateral side.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In catatonic patients there is a decreased activation in motor cortex during a motor task compared to matched medicated healthy controls. In addition activation of the non-dominant side, left-handed activity in right-handed patients, results in a total reversal of the normal pattern of lateral activation suggesting a disturbance in hemispheric localization of activity during a catatonic state.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Northoff
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Braus
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sartorius
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Khoram-Sefat
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Russ
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eckert
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Herrig
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leschinger
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bogerts
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Henn
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D001143:Arousal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008140:Lorazepam / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012560:Schizophrenia, Catatonic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D008140:Lorazepam