title: National treatment systems in global perspective.
abstract: Drug policy development is mostly viewed as emerging within the nation state. Processes of diffusion of innovative policies have been neglected to a large extent. The comparative study of public policy has demonstrated, however, that diffusion is an important predictor of early policy adaptation. Thus, the analysis asks the general question of the relative importance of endogenous and exogenous effects on the development of drug policies in various countries. Specifically it describes the Swiss debate leading to the popular initiative on 'Youth Without Drugs' as well as the international reactions regarding its liberal outcome. Results of an expert survey show two broad types of reactions. There is one set of countries where chances for the introduction of limited heroin-prescription trials during the next 5 years are considered probable and a second set of countries which seems to be strictly status quo oriented. In the concluding section a model is suggested which systematically considers endogenous as well as exogenous predictors of 'soft' or 'hard' drug policy adoption. Results of a first tentative test of the model are encouraging for future empirical research on diffusion processes of drug policies.
authors.affiliation: Swiss Institute for the Prevention of Alcohol and Drug Problems, Lausanne, Switzerland. hklingemann@sfa-ipsa.ch
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Klingemann
mesh_terms: D001294:Attitude to Health / Q000208:ethnology; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D014943:Global Health; D019538:Health Care Surveys / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006291:Health Policy / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000639:trends; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D003932:Heroin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D007880:Legislation, Drug / Q000639:trends*; D009294:Narcotics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013557:Switzerland; D018581:Technology Transfer
chemical_list: D009294:Narcotics; D003932:Heroin