title: Imagery content during nonpharmacologic analgesia in the procedure suite: where your patients would rather be.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Imagery as a hypnotic technique can produce analgesia and anxiolysis, but effective use may be restricted to select, highly hypnotizable individuals. This study assessed (a) whether patients not selected for hypnotizability can produce imagery during interventional radiologic procedures and (b) the type of imagery produced. A secondary goal of the study was to familiarize health care providers with a simple, time-efficient technique for imagery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-six nonselected patients referred for interventional procedures were guided to a state of self-hypnotic relaxation by a health care provider according to a standardized protocol and script. Patient hypnotizability was assessed according to the Hypnotic Induction Profile test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients as a group had average distribution of hypnotizability. The induction script was started in all patients and completed in 53. All patients developed an imagery scenario. Chosen imagery was highly individual, but common trends were nature and travel, family and home, and personal skills. Being with loved ones was an important element of imagery for 14 patients. Thirty-two patients chose passive contemplation, and 24 were action oriented.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Average patients who present for interventional radiologic procedures and are not preselected for hypnotizability can engage in imagery. Topics chosen are highly individual, thus making prerecorded tapes or provider-directed imagery unlikely to be equally successful.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Fick
authors.forename: E V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Logan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lutgendorf
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Benotsch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000698:Analgesia; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001007:Anxiety / Q000517:prevention & control; D001326:Autogenic Training / Q000193:education / Q000379:methods; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006990:Hypnosis; D019018:Imagery, Psychotherapy / Q000145:classification / Q000193:education / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015642:Radiology, Interventional / Q000193:education; D012064:Relaxation Therapy / Q000193:education
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics