title: Vascular endothelial growth factor expression is an independent negative predictor in extrahepatic biliary tract carcinomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the most important factors for angiogenesis in various tumors. However, its clinical significance in extrahepatic biliary tract carcinoma remains unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  To clarify the association of VEGF expression with the clinicopathological features of the disease, surgical specimens from 51 patients were examined for VEGF expression by immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen of 51 (31.4%) cases were positive for VEGF. VEGF immunoreactivity showed a tendency toward association with lymph node metastasis, M category and peritoneal recurrence (p = 0.059, 0.086 and 0.069, respectively). Overall survival in patients with VEGF positivity was significantly worse than in those with negativity (p = 0.033 by log-rank test). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that VEGF expression was an independent negative predictor (p = 0.025).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VEGF immunoreactivity is an independent negative predictor in extrahepatic biliary tract carcinomas.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan. celbio@med.hokudai.ac.jp
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hida
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyasaka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Horita
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujioka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagashima
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Katoh
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D017734:Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D010534:Peritoneal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D008222:Lymphokines; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors