title: Does desflurane alter left ventricular function when used to control surgical stimulation during aortic surgery?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although desflurane is commonly used to control surgically induced hypertension, its effects on left ventricular (LV) function have not been investigated in this clinical situation. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the LV function response to desflurane, when used to control intraoperative hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 50 patients, scheduled for vascular surgery, anesthesia was induced with sufentanil 0.5 microg/kg, midazolam 0.3 mg/kg and atracurium 0.5 mg/kg. After tracheal intubation, anesthesia was maintained with increments of drugs with controlled ventilation (N2O/O2=60/40%) until the start of surgery. A 5 Mhz transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) probe was inserted after intubation. Pulmonary artery catheter and TEE measurements were obtained after induction (to)(control value), at surgical incision (t1) if it was associated with an increase in systolic arterial pressure (SAP) greater than 140 mmHg (hypertension) and after control of hemodynamic parameters by administration of desflurane (return of systolic arterial pressure to within 20% of the control value) (t2) in a fresh gas flow of 31/ min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen patients developed hypertension at surgical incision. SAP was controlled by desflurane in all 16 patients. Afterload assessed by systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI), end-systolic wall-stress (ESWS) and left-ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI) increased with incision until the hypertension returned to post-induction values with mean end-tidal concentration of 5.1+/-0.7% desflurane. No change in heart rate, cardiac index, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, stroke volume, end-diastolic and end-systolic cross-sectional areas, fractional area change and left ventricular circumferential fiber shortening was noted when desflurane was added to restore blood pressure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that in patients at risk for cardiac morbidity undergoing vascular surgery, desflurane is effective to control intraoperative hypertension without fear of major cardiac depressant effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris VI University, France.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Eyraud
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Benmalek
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Teugels
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bertrand
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mouren
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Coriat
mesh_terms: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001011:Aorta / Q000601:surgery*; D001279:Atracurium / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000187:drug effects; D002407:Catheterization, Swan-Ganz; D000077335:Desflurane; D003971:Diastole; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010100:Oxygen / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D017409:Sufentanil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013599:Systole; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; D001279:Atracurium; D017409:Sufentanil; D000077335:Desflurane; D007530:Isoflurane; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D008874:Midazolam; D010100:Oxygen