title: Bilirubin as an anti-oxidant for surgical stress: a preliminary report of bilirubin oxidative metabolites.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bilirubin has been recognized as an anti-oxidant. The purpose of this study was to examine whether bilirubin would act as an antioxidant for surgical stress in humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum bilirubin and urinary bilirubin oxidative metabolites (BOM) were measured in 96 patients who underwent surgery. The antioxidant activity of bilirubin was assessed using BOM measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with an anti-bilirubin monoclonal antibody.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum bilirubin levels increased after surgery in all 96 patients (p < 0.01), but did not correlate with operation time or blood loss (p = 0.53 and p = 0.28, respectively). BOM increased only in patients with major surgeries (p = 0.048). Significant correlations between BOM and operation time and blood loss were found (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bilirubin appears to act as an antioxidant for invasive surgery in humans. Urinary BOM could be a reliable marker for the degree of surgical stress.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kozaki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chijiiwa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuroki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimoharada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D001663:Bilirubin