title: Differential effects of transforming growth factor-beta(s) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor on gene expression of presenilin-1 in human post-mitotic neurons and astrocytes.
abstract: Mutations in the presenilin-1 gene are linked to the majority of early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease cases. We have previously shown that the expression of transforming growth factor-beta is altered in Alzheimer's patients, compared to controls. Here we examine presenilin- expression in human post-mitotic neurons (hNT cells), normal human astrocytes, and human brain tumor cell lines following treatment with three isoforms of transforming growth factor-beta, or glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, a member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily. As the NT2/D1 teratocarcinoma cell line is treated with retinoic acid to induce differentiation to hNT cells, presenilin-1 messenger RNA expression is dramatically increased. Furthermore, there is a 2-3-fold increase in presenilin-1 messenger RNA expression following treatment of hNT cells with growth factors and similar results are found by Western blotting and with immunohistochemical staining for presenilin-1 protein. However, treatment of normal human astrocytes with cytokines results in minimal changes in presenilin-1 messenger RNA and protein. Interestingly, the expression of presenilin-1 in human U87 MG astrocytoma and human SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells is only increased when cells are treated with glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor or transforming growth factor-beta3. These findings suggest that endogenous presenilin-1 gene expression in human neurons can be induced by growth factors present in normal and diseased brain tissue. Cytokines may play a major role in regulating expression of presenilin-1 which may affect its biological actions in physiological and pathological conditions.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cell Regulation and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lah
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Diehlmann
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Hawver
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Levey
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Beyreuther
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Flanders
mesh_terms: D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000473:pathology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D051100:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000473:pathology; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D053764:Presenilin-1; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018243:Teratocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: C495039:GDNF protein, human; D051100:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C508853:PSEN1 protein, human; D053764:Presenilin-1; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014212:Tretinoin