title: Comparison of different methods for dead space measurements in ventilated newborns using CO2-volume plot.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to test the applicability of Ventrak 1550/Capnogard 1265 (V-C) for respiratory dead space (VD) measurement and to determine anatomic (VDana), physiologic (VDphys), and alveolar dead spaces (VDalv) in ventilated neonates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Neonatal intensive care unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  33 investigations in 22 ventilated neonates; median gestational age 34.5 weeks (range 27-41), median birthweight 2658 g (range 790-3940).
  
  
  METHODS
  The single-breath CO2 test (SBT-CO2) and transcutaneous partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) were recorded simultaneously and VD was determined (1) automatically (V-C software), (2) by interactive analysis of the PCO2 volume plot, and (3) manually by Bohr/Enghoff equations using data obtained by V-C.
  
  
  RESULTS
  VD measurements were possible in all cases by method 3 but not possible by methods 1 and 2 in 22 of 33 investigations (67%), especially in preterm neonates, because of disturbed signals. V.Dana/kg (1.6 +/- 0.6 ml/kg, mean +/- SD), VDana/tidal volume (VT) (0.36 +/- 0.09) were lower compared to published data in spontaneously breathing infants, whereas VDphys/kg (2.3 +/- 0.9 ml/kg) and VDphys/VT (0.50 +/- 0.12) are comparable to data obtained from the literature. Five minutes after insertion of the sensor (dead space 2.6 ml) into the ventilatory circuit, the transcutaneous PCO2 rose above baseline for 3.2% (patients > 2500 g) and 5.7% (patients < 2500 g). The time necessary for one analysis was 50-60 min.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In ventilated newborns, dead space measurements were possible only in one-third by SBT-CO2, but in all cases by Bohr/Enghoff equations. Improved software could further reduce the time needed for one analysis.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Neonatology, Charité-Hospital, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Wenzel
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Wauer
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schmalisch
mesh_terms: D001785:Blood Gas Monitoring, Transcutaneous; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012126:Respiratory Dead Space; D012127:Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide