title: Macrophage colony-stimulating factor promotes cell survival through Akt/protein kinase B.
abstract: The signaling pathways activated by the macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) to promote survival of monocyte and macrophage lineage cells are not well established. In an effort to elucidate these pathways, we have used two cell types responsive to M-CSF: NIH 3T3 fibroblasts genetically engineered to express human M-CSF receptors (3T3-FMS cells) and human monocytes. M-CSF treatment induced M-CSF receptor tyrosine phosphorylation and recruitment of the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) to these receptors. These M-CSF receptor events correlated with activation of the serine/threonine kinase Akt. To clarify that PI3K products activate Akt in response to M-CSF, NIH 3T3 fibroblasts expressing mutant human M-CSF receptors (3T3-FMS(Y809F)) that fail to activate Ras in response to M-CSF also exhibit increased Akt kinase activity in response to M-CSF challenge. Furthermore, Akt appears to be the primary regulator of survival in 3T3-FMS cells, as transfection of genes encoding dominant-negative Akt isoforms into these fibroblasts blocked M-CSF-induced survival. In normal human monocytes, M-CSF increased the levels of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins and induced Akt activation in a PI3K-dependent manner. The PI3K inhibitor LY294002 blocked M-CSF-mediated monocyte survival, an effect that was partially restored by caspase-9 inhibitors. These data suggest that M-CSF may induce cell survival through Akt-induced suppression of caspase-9 activation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Kelley
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Doseff
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Pomerantz
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Ostrowski
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Franke
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Marsh
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology*; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
chemical_list: D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; C494918:AKT1 protein, human; C506433:CASP9 protein, human; C506434:Casp9 protein, mouse