title: Interactive effects of subanesthetic ketamine and haloperidol in healthy humans.
abstract: Ketamine is an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist with prominent psychoactive effects in humans. This study evaluated whether the oral administration of haloperidol 5 mg would block the effects of an intravenous ketamine infusion (bolus of 0.26 mg/kg followed by 0.65 mg/kg per hour). Twenty healthy subjects completed 4 test days involving the oral administration of haloperidol or matched placebo 2 h prior to the intravenous infusion of ketamine or saline. Ketamine produced cognitive, behavioral, neuroendocrine, and physiologic effects in the healthy subjects that were similar to previous reports. Haloperidol pretreatment reduced impairments in executive cognitive functions produced by ketamine as measured by proverb interpretations and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. However, it failed to block the capacity of ketamine to produce psychosis, perceptual changes, negative symptoms, or euphoria in healthy subjects. These data outline an important, but functionally delineated modulation of ketamine effects by dopamine2 receptors and other sites of haloperidol action.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, Connecticut, USA. john.krystal@yale.edu
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Krystal
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: D'Souza
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Karper
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abi-Dargham
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Abi-Saab
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cassello
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Bowers
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vegso
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Heninger
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Charney
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005260:Female; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007649:Ketamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000187:drug effects; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D007649:Ketamine; D011388:Prolactin; D006220:Haloperidol; D006854:Hydrocortisone