title: The combined use of propofol and fentanyl for outpatient intravenous conscious sedation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intravenous conscious sedation is currently being widely utilized for outpatient surgery including dermatologic surgery. Even though this type of anesthesia is typically administered by a trained, licensed anesthetist, it is important for dermatologists who either intend to or are currently utilizing this type of anesthesia to be familiar with some of the methods and agents that are commonly employed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Propofol and fentanyl are two anesthetic agents that are in prevalent use for skin and soft tissue surgery of brief or limited duration. With the goal of familiarizing dermatologic surgeons with this form of anesthesia, a study was conducted to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the combination of propofol and fentanyl when used for conscious sedation in an outpatient dermatology center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients, ages 25-65 years, who required conscious sedation were enrolled. Each patient received a standard dosage of fentanyl and propofol, as determined on a kilogram basis. Sedation time, total procedure time, recovery time, and total propofol dose, along with side effects, were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean onset to sedation was 52.5 seconds, the mean procedure time was 40 minutes 37 seconds, and the mean interval to recovery was 3 minutes 43 seconds, with a mean total dose of propofol of 5.83 mg/kg. Minimal side effects occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Propofol when used in conjunction with fentanyl appears to be a safe, quick, and effective method of providing conscious sedation.
authors.affiliation: Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Abeles
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sequeira
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Swensen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bisaccia
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Scarborough
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015742:Propofol; D013518:Surgery, Plastic
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D005283:Fentanyl; D015742:Propofol