title: Early diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic dysplasia in patients with a family history of pancreatic cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pancreatic cancer, the fourth most common cause of cancer death in the United States, is hereditary in an estimated 10% of cases. Surveillance of patients with a familial predisposition for pancreatic cancer has not been systematically evaluated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To develop a surveillance program that can identify and treat patients who have precancerous conditions of the pancreas and a family history of pancreatic cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  14 patients from three kindreds with a history of pancreatic cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Endoscopic ultrasonography, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), spiral computed tomography, and serum carcinoembryonic antigen and CA19-9 analysis were performed in all patients. Four affected patients were tested for the K-ras mutation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pancreatic dysplasia was determined by histologic evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven of the 14 patients were believed to have dysplasia on the basis of clinical history and abnormalities on endoscopic ultrasonography and ERCP and were referred for pancreatectomy. All 7 patients had histologic evidence of dysplasia in pancreatectomy specimens. Findings on endoscopic ultrasonography were subtle, nonspecific, and similar to those seen in patients with chronic pancreatitis. Findings on ERCP ranged from mild and focal side-branch duct irregularities and small sacculations to main-duct strictures and grapelike clusters of saccules. Some of these changes are typical of chronic pancreatitis, but others are more distinctive. Spiral computed tomography and serum tumor markers had low sensitivity in the detection of pancreatic dysplasia. Analysis for the K-ras mutation yielded positive results in 3 of 4 patients with dysplasia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thorough screening of patients with a family history of pancreatic cancer is feasible. Clinical data combined with imaging studies (endoscopic ultrasonography and ERCP) can be used to identify high-risk patients who have dysplasia. The role of molecular genetic testing is uncertain at this time.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA. teribr@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Brentnall
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Bronner
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Byrd
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Haggitt
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Kimmey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D019160:Endosonography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010179:Pancreas / Q000473:pathology*; D010180:Pancreatectomy; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy; D010375:Pedigree; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers