title: Requirement of nuclear factor kappaB for the constitutive expression of nitric oxide synthase-2 and cyclooxygenase-2 in rat trophoblasts.
abstract: Recently isolated trophoblasts express nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS-2) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), decreasing the levels of the corresponding mRNAs when the cells were maintained in culture. The sustained expression of COX-2 and NOS-2 in trophoblasts was dependent on the activation of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) since proteasome inhibitors and antioxidants that abrogated NF-kappaB activity suppressed the induction of both genes. The time-dependent fall of the mRNA levels of NOS-2 and COX-2 paralleled the inhibition of NF-kappaB, determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assays, and the increase of the IkappaBalpha and IkappaBbeta inhibitory proteins. Isolated trophoblasts synthesized reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI), a process impaired after culturing the cells, and that might be involved in the NF-kappaB activation process. Moreover, treatment of recently isolated cells with ROI scavengers suppressed the expression of COX-2 and NOS-2. Challenge of trophoblasts with interleukin-1beta up-regulated the expression of both proteins, an effect that was potentiated by lipopolysaccharide. These results indicate that the physiological expression of NOS-2 and COX-2 in trophoblasts involves a sustained activation of NF-kappaB which inhibition abrogates the inducibility of both genes.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Bioquímica (CSIC-UCM), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Callejas
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Casado
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Boscá
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martín-Sanz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics*; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000235:genetics*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D011247:Pregnancy; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C083487:I kappa B beta protein; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D007527:Isoenzymes; D016328:NF-kappa B; C000606206:Nfkbia protein, rat; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases