title: [Special characteristics of expert assessment of olfactory and taste disorders].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The number of medical expert opinions dealing with smell and taste disorders has continuously increased in recent years. However, an overview of the specific problems and results of those expert opinions has not been published until now.
  
  
  METHODS
  Olfaction was assessed by multiple subjective tests in 145 individuals with chemosensory dysfunction caused by trauma or occupational and environmental exposures. Additionally, a gustatory test, nasal endoscopy, anterior rhinomanometry, and radiography of the paranasal sinuses were performed. Malignering was diagnosed on a trial of multiple symptoms. Retronasal olfaction was tested using the Güttich gustatory olfaction test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most of the medical expert opinions have been ordered by professional associations (42%) and insurance companies (28%). Compensation for olfactory dysfunction was claimed after trauma (64%), occupational exposure (23%) rhinosurgical procedures (8%), and laryngectomy (5%). Anosmia or hyposmia was claimed by 66% and 24% of all individuals, respectively. According to the results of the chemosensory tests, 41% of patients suffered from anosmia and 40% had hyposmia. Malignering was registered in 14%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study shows that the "characteristic case" is a male in the late fourties, complaining of anosmia initially noticed after an occipital or frontobasal head trauma. The assessment of olfactory deficits related to toxic or chemical occupational exposure is difficult when a latency between the occupational exposure and the onset of chemosensory dysfunction is present. Moreover, interactions between the occupational exposure and nicotine or alcohol abuse must be taken into consideration. Claims for medical liability arose in 3% of the study group after septoplasty and sinus surgery.
authors.affiliation: HNO-Universitätsklinik Münster.
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Delank
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nieschalk
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schmäl
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Stoll
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000370:Ageusia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005104:Expert Testimony / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008306:Malingering / Q000175:diagnosis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D000857:Olfaction Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests