title: Synthesis and evaluation of 2-amino-9-(3-acyloxymethyl-4-alkoxycarbonyloxybut-1-yl)purines and 2-amino-9-(3-alkoxycarbonyloxymethyl-4-alkoxycarbonyloxybut-1- yl)purines as potential prodrugs of penciclovir.
abstract: A series of 2-amino-9-(3-acyloxymethyl-4-alkoxycarbonyloxybut-1-yl)purin es (1-8) and 2-amino-9-(3-alkoxycarbonyl-oxymethyl-4-alkoxycarbonyloxybut -1-yl)purines (9-12) were synthesized as potential prodrugs of penciclovir. Treatment of 6-deoxypenciclovir with trimethyl orthoacetate or triethyl orthopropionate (1.2 equiv) in DMF in the presence of p-TsOH.H2O (0.1 equiv) followed by quenching with excess H2O gave the corresponding mono-O-acetyl or mono-O-propionyl compound, 17 or 18, in excellent yields of 95 and 92%, respectively. Reactions of 17 or 18 with an appropriate alkyl (Me, Et, n-Pr, and i-Pr) 4-nitrophenyl carbonate (1.2 equiv) in pyridine in the presence of a catalytic amount of DMAP (0.1 equiv) at 80 degrees C afforded the monoacyl, monocarbonate derivatives of 6-deoxypenciclovir, 1-8, in 86 94% yields. Similar reactions of 6-deoxypenciclovir with 2.1 equiv of alkyl 4-nitrophenyl carbonate produced the dicarbonate derivatives 9 12 in 81-83% yields. Of the prodrugs tested in rats, 2-amino-9-(3-acetoxymethyl-4-isopropoxycarbonyloxybut-1-yl)purine (4) achieved the highest mean urinary recovery of penciclovir (36%), followed in order by compounds 2 (35%), 6 (35%), 7 (34%), 10 (34%), 8 (32%), 3 (32%), and famciclovir (31%). The mean urinary recovery of penciclovir and concentrations of penciclovir in the blood from 4 in mice were also slightly higher than those from famciclovir. The in vivo antiviral efficacy of 4 in HSV-1-infected normal BALB/c mice was higher than those of famciclovir and valaciclovir in terms of mortality (100, 80, and 40%) and mean survival time ( > 21, 13+/-5.0 (SEM), and 13+/-1.6 days). Compound 4 demonstrated an effective anti-hepadnaviral response with intrahepatic viral load being reduced by 90%, the viral supercoiled DNA levels reduced by 70% and Pre-S expression inhibited by 30% against duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) in vivo, and did not cause any significant hepatotoxicity after 4 weeks of treatment.
authors.affiliation: Life Science Research Center, SK Chemicals, Kyungki-Do, Korea. dkkim@skchemicals.com
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Y W
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Im
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Y B
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Colledge
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Locarnini
mesh_terms: D000212:Acyclovir / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001682:Biological Availability; D004372:Ducks; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006147:Guanine; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011687:Purines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013057:Spectrum Analysis
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D011355:Prodrugs; D011687:Purines; C053539:penciclovir; D006147:Guanine; D000212:Acyclovir