title: Changes in sleep after acute and repeated administration of nicotine in the rat.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acetylcholine clearly plays a role in regulating sleep. This influence may involve nicotinic systems because several studies have demonstrated that nicotine treatment alters sleep. However, the literature that suggests an effect of nicotine treatment on sleep is contradictory, perhaps because different doses and routes of administration were used.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The studies reported here evaluated the effects of several doses of nicotine on REM sleep in the rat.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar rats were prepared with a set of sleep recording electrodes and, following habituation to the test chamber, were used in one of three studies: a) a dose-response analysis of an acute dose of nicotine on REM sleep measured during the first 4 h after injection; b) a chronic treatment experiment; or c) a mecamylamine blockade experiment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Acute nicotine administration decreased REM sleep in a dose-dependent fashion; significant effects were observed following injection with the 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg doses. A decrease in slow wave sleep and an increase in wakefulness were also observed. Mecamylamine by itself did not affect REM sleep, but it blocked the effects on sleep produced by nicotine when given 30 min before a 1 mg/kg dose of nicotine. Rats that had been injected once daily with a 0.1 mg/kg dose of nicotine showed an increase in REM sleep after the third injection, whereas rats that had been chronically treated with a higher dose (0.5 mg/kg) displayed a reduction in REM and total sleep time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings argue that the effects of both acute and chronic nicotine treatment on sleep are influenced by the dose of nicotine used.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México. salin@servidor.unam.mx
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Salin-Pascual
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Moro-Lopez
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Sanchez
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Blanco-Centurion
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D008297:Male; D008464:Mecamylamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects*; D012895:Sleep, REM / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D008464:Mecamylamine; D009538:Nicotine