title: Salmonella infections in finishing pigs in The Netherlands: bacteriological herd prevalence, serogroup and antibiotic resistance of isolates and risk factors for infection.
abstract: Salmonellae are wide spread in man and animals world wide and are of increasing significance as causative agents of foodborne diseases in man. The European Union, national authorities and the pig industry are therefore more and more interested in the Salmonella status of the pig population. The aim of this study was to estimate the bacteriological prevalence of Salmonella in finishing pig herds, the serogroup and the resistance to antibiotics of the isolated Salmonellae and a preliminary risk analysis of factors associated with infection. For this, 317 finishing pig herds were randomly selected from a database containing 1500 herds in the southern part of the Netherlands. In each herd 24 samples of fresh faeces were collected from two compartments with pigs close to market weight. Per compartment 12 samples of faeces were pooled into one pooled sample. Pooled samples were cultured in duplicate. Salmonella spp. were recovered from 71 out of 306 herds (23%) in which two compartments could be sampled. A total of 108 isolated Salmonella's were serotyped: 71 serogroup B, 3 serogroup C1, 6 serogroup C2, 22 serogroup D1, and 6 isolates neither serogroup B, C or D1. Of a total of 115 Salmonella isolates tested, none were resistant to colistin, enrofloxacin, flumequin or gentamicin. Automated liquid feeding of by-products, and membership of an Integrated Quality Control (IQC) production group were associated with a decreased risk of infection, while use of trough feeding was associated with an increased risk of infection. It is necessary to test these presumed risk factors in intervention studies to evaluate their potency to reduce the Salmonella prevalence in finishing pigs and thereby reduce the risk of Salmonellosis in people consuming pork.
authors.affiliation: Animal Health Service, Boxtel, The Netherlands. p.vd.wolf@gdvdieren.nl
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: van der Wolf
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Bongers
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Elbers
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Franssen
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Hunneman
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: van Exsel
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Tielen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003091:Colistin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D000077422:Enrofloxacin; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D011807:Quinolizines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015363:Quinolones / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012475:Salmonella / Q000145:classification* / Q000187:drug effects; D012478:Salmonella Food Poisoning / Q000517:prevention & control; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D005839:Gentamicins; D011807:Quinolizines; D015363:Quinolones; D000077422:Enrofloxacin; C012976:flumequine; D003091:Colistin