title: Development of quinolone-resistant strains of Escherichia coli in stools of patients with cirrhosis undergoing norfloxacin prophylaxis: clinical consequences.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Norfloxacin prophylaxis decreases the incidence of bacterial infections in high-risk cirrhotic patients, but may promote the development of quinolone-resistant gram-negative bacteria in stools, and eventually lead to infections due to these bacteria. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of quinolone-resistant strains of E. coli in stools on admission, and the characteristics of any nosocomial infections.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-three consecutively hospitalized cirrhotic patients were included in this prospective study. The presence of quinolone-resistant strains of E. coli in stools on admission, and the characteristics of any nosocomial infections were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen out of 83 patients (16.8%) showed quinolone-resistant E. coli in stools (Group I), and 69 did not (Group II). Thirteen out of 14 from Group I (92.8%) and 17/69 (24.6) from Group II had received primary or secondary prophylaxis with norfloxacin (p<0.001). During hospitalization, 12/12 (100%) of patients from Group I and 25/66 (37.8%) of patients from Group II underwent norfloxacin prophylaxis. Three bacterial infections in patients from Group I, 3 from Group II patients receiving norfloxacin and 16 from Group II patients not receiving norfloxacin were recorded (p<0.05). No infections due to quinolone-resistant E. coli were observed in patients colonized with these bacteria. Treatment with norfloxacin induced the development of quinolone-resistant E. coli in 6/14 (42.8%) patients in a mean time of 18.5+/-9.8 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The development of quinolone-resistant strains of E. coli is significantly associated with previous administration of norfloxacin prophylaxis. However, in our series this fact is not associated with an increased incidence of quinolone-resistant E. coli or other gram-negative infections.
authors.affiliation: Liver Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Spain.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Aparicio
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Such
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pascual
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arroyo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Plazas
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Girona
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de Vera
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Palazón
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Carnicer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pérez-Mateo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis / Q000379:methods*; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009643:Norfloxacin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D009643:Norfloxacin