title: Induction of haem oxygenase-1 nitric oxide and ischaemia in experimental solid tumours and implications for tumour growth.
abstract: Induction of haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1) as well as nitric oxide (NO) biosynthesis during tumour growth was investigated in an experimental solid tumour model (AH136B hepatoma) in rats. An immunohistochemical study showed that the inducible isoform of NO synthase (iNOS) was localized in monocyte-derived macrophages, which infiltrated interstitial spaces of solid tumour, but not in the tumour cells. Excessive production of NO in the tumour tissue was unequivocally verified by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Tumour growth was moderately suppressed by treatment with either Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) or S-methylisothiourea sulphate (SMT). In contrast, HO-1 was found only in tumour cells, not in macrophages, by in situ hybridization for HO-1 mRNA. HO-1 expression in AH136B cells in culture was strongly enhanced by an NO (NO+) donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl penicillamine. HO-1 mRNA expression in the solid tumour in vivo decreased significantly after treatment with low doses of NOS inhibitors such as L-NAME and SMT (6-20 mg kg(-1)). However, the level of HO-1 mRNA in the solid tumour treated with higher doses of NOS inhibitor was similar to that of the solid tumour without NOS inhibitor treatment. Strong induction of HO-1 was also observed in solid tumours after occlusion or embolization of the tumour-feeding artery, indicating that ischaemic stress which may involve oxidative stress triggers HO-1 induction in the solid tumour. Lastly, it is of great importance that an HO inhibitor, zinc protoporphyrin IX injected intra-arterially to the solid tumour suppressed the tumour growth to a great extent. In conclusion, HO-1 expression in the solid tumour may confer resistance of tumour cells to hypoxic stress as well as to NO-mediated cytotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Doi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akaike
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ikebe
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Beppu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shibahara
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maeda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; D008114:Liver Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D011524:Protoporphyrins / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D011524:Protoporphyrins; C017803:zinc protoporphyrin; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing); D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1