title: Use of genetically manipulated strains of Clostridium perfringens reveals that both alpha-toxin and theta-toxin are required for vascular leukostasis to occur in experimental gas gangrene.
abstract: A hallmark of gas gangrene (clostridial myonecrosis) pathology is a paucity of leukocytes infiltrating the necrotic tissue. The cause of this paucity most likely relates to the observation of leukocyte aggregates at the border of the area of tissue necrosis, often within the microvasculature itself. Infecting mice with genetically manipulated strains of Clostridium perfringens type A (deficient in either alpha-toxin or theta-toxin production) resulted in significantly reduced leukocyte aggregation when alpha-toxin was absent and complete abrogation of leukocyte aggregation when theta-toxin was absent. Thus, both alpha-toxin and theta-toxin are necessary for the characteristic vascular leukostasis observed in clostridial myonecrosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Immunology, Monash Medical School, Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Victoria 3181, Australia. Darren.Ellemor@med.monash.edu.au
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Ellemor
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Baird
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Awad
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Boyd
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Rood
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Emmins
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D003016:Clostridium perfringens / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005738:Gas Gangrene / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D006361:Heating; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D018921:Leukostasis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; C020452:Clostridium perfringens theta-toxin; D010738:Type C Phospholipases; C040649:alpha toxin, Clostridium perfringens