title: Bonding porcelain laminate veneer provisional restorations: An experimental study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Minimal tooth preparation is required for porcelain laminate veneers, but an interim restoration is anticipated by patients to protect their teeth against thermal insult, chemical irritation, and to provide esthetics. Cement remaining after the removal of the provisional restoration can impair the etching quality of the tooth surface and the fit and final bonding of the porcelain laminate veneer.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This in vitro study inspected the tooth surface for remaining debris from cement after removal of a provisional restoration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-two extracted natural anterior teeth were prepared for porcelain laminate veneers. For half of the teeth, the smear layer was removed before luting provisional restorations. Veneer provisional restorations were fabricated and luted to teeth with 3 bonding methods: temporary eugenol-free cement, spot etching combined with dual-curing luting cement, and polyurethane adhesive combined with dual-curing luting cement. After removal of provisional restorations 1 week later, the tooth surface was examined for residual luting material with an SEM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Traces of cement debris were found on provisionally prepared teeth for all 3 material methods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of polyurethane adhesive combined with the dual-curing cement revealed significantly less teeth with debris than the other methods. This difference was less distinct when the smear layer was removed.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria. Herbert.Dumfahrt@uibk.ac.at
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dumfahrt
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Göbel
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D003188:Composite Resins; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D003738:Dental Cements; D017005:Dental Debonding; D003794:Dental Restoration, Temporary / Q000379:methods*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D003801:Dental Veneers; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005227:Fatty Acids; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011140:Polyurethanes; D019279:Resin Cements; D012116:Resins, Plant; D012459:Salicylates; D016369:Smear Layer; D013499:Surface Properties; D013943:Thymol; D015034:Zinc Oxide
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D003738:Dental Cements; D004338:Drug Combinations; C121781:Dual Zement; D005227:Fatty Acids; D011140:Polyurethanes; D019279:Resin Cements; D012116:Resins, Plant; D012459:Salicylates; C075332:Dentin Protector; D013943:Thymol; C029586:Nogenol; D015034:Zinc Oxide