title: Dietary intake and iron status of Australian vegetarian women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite the possible overall health benefits of a vegetarian diet, there is concern that some vegetarians and infrequent meat eaters, particularly females, may have inadequate iron status because of low or no heme-iron intakes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to investigate the nutritional intake and iron status of vegetarian women.
  
  
  METHODS
  The nutritional intakes of 50 free-living vegetarian women aged 18-45 y and 24 age-matched omnivorous control women were assessed by using 12-d weighed dietary records. Iron status was assessed by measuring hemoglobin and serum ferritin concentrations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference between mean (+/-SD) daily iron intakes of vegetarians and omnivores (10.7 +/- 4.4 and 9.9 +/- 2.9 mg, respectively), although heme-iron intakes were low in the vegetarians. Vegetarians had significantly lower intakes of protein (P < 0.01), saturated fat (P < 0.01), and cholesterol (P < 0.001), and significantly higher intakes of dietary fiber (P < 0.001) and vitamin C (P < 0.05). Mean serum ferritin concentrations were significantly lower (P = 0.025) in vegetarians (25.0 +/- 16.2 microg/L) than in omnivores (45.5 +/- 42.5 microg/L). However, similar numbers of vegetarians (18%) and omnivores (13%) had serum ferritin concentrations <12 microg/L, which is a value often used as an indicator of low iron stores. Hemoglobin concentrations were not significantly different.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is important that both vegetarian and omnivorous women maintain an adequate iron status and follow dietary practices that enhance iron absorption.
authors.affiliation: School of Nutrition and Public Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia. mhbkr@deakin.edu.au
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ball
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bartlett
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia; D015930:Diet Records; D014676:Diet, Vegetarian; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019266:Iron, Dietary / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D019266:Iron, Dietary