title: The role of 99mtechnetium dimercapto-succinic acid renal scans in the evaluation of occult ectopic ureters in girls with paradoxical incontinence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We describe the use of 99mtechnetium (Tc) dimercapto-succinic acid (DMSA) renal scintigraphy to document poorly functioning and/or ectopic renal units associated with occult ectopic ureters.
  
  
  METHODS
  During the last 8 years 6 toilet-trained girls were referred for lifelong continuous urinary dribbling. Initial radiological evaluation included renal and bladder sonography in 6, excretory urography in 4, a mercaptoacetyltriglycine-3 renal scan in 1 and cystovaginoscopy in 2. Ultimately a 99mTc-DMSA renal scan was performed in all 6 girls before surgical intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sonography failed to establish the diagnosis of ureteral ectopia in all cases, and revealed a normal solitary kidney in 3, normal kidneys in 1, an apparently uncomplicated unilateral duplication without hydroureteronephrosis in 1 and a contralateral uncomplicated duplication in 1. Excretory urography in 4 cases was inconclusive and showed a solitary kidney in 1, ipsilateral duplication without a normal appearing upper pole collecting system in 1, contralateral uncomplicated duplication in 1 and normal kidneys in 1. A mercaptoacetyltriglycine-3 renal scan in another girl with a solitary kidney on sonography failed to demonstrate a contralateral small ectopic kidney. Cystovaginoscopy performed in 2 patients by other pediatric urologists was nondiagnostic. 99mTc-DMSA renal scintigraphy was diagnostic in all 6 cases, and revealed a small poorly functioning ectopic kidney in 3 and a poorly functioning dysplastic upper pole moiety in 3, which were consistent with a diagnosis of ureteral ectopia. An ectopic ureter was confirmed by cystoscopic and surgical findings in all girls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  99mTc-DMSA renal scintigraphy reliably detects and localizes hypoplastic ectopic kidneys and poorly functioning upper pole moieties associated with occult ectopic ureters in girls with continuous urinary leakage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Pattaras
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Rushton
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Majd
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019783:Technetium Tc 99m Dimercaptosuccinic Acid; D014513:Ureter / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019783:Technetium Tc 99m Dimercaptosuccinic Acid