title: Managing diet quality for Cheddar cheese manufacturing milk. 1. The influence of protein and energy supplements.
abstract: The effects of supplementing cows' diets with protein and energy on milk composition and the composition and yield of Cheddar cheese were investigated. This research addresses the problems of seasonal reduction in the capacity of cheese curds to expel moisture as observed in parts of south-eastern Australia. Milk was collected from cows offered a basal diet of silage and hay supplemented with different sources and levels of dietary protein and energy. The protein supplements were sunflower, canola, cottonseed meal and lupin, and the energy supplements were maize grain, oats, wheat and barely. This milk was used to manufacture Cheddar cheese on a pilot scale. Cheese moisture content was dependent on the source and level of dietary protein and energy. Milk from cows offered the lupin protein supplements and wheat energy supplements consistently produced cheese with a lower moisture content and moisture in fat-free matter. Milk from these supplemented diets had increased casein concentrations and higher proportions of alpha S2-casein than milk from the poor quality control diet. Cheese yield was directly related to the total casein concentration of milk, but was not influenced by differences in casein composition. Supplementing the cows' diets increased the inorganic P, Mg and Ca concentrations in milk. A low inorganic P concentration in milk from cows offered the control diet was caused by a low intake of dietary P. These findings showed that changes in the mineral and casein composition of milk, associated with diet, could influence the composition of Cheddar cheese.
authors.affiliation: Agriculture Victoria, Dairy Research Institute, Australia.
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Christian
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grainger
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Sutherland
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Mayes
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Hannah
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kefford
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002364:Caseins / Q000032:analysis; D002417:Cattle; D002611:Cheese / Q000382:microbiology; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000032:analysis; D004032:Diet; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005524:Food Technology; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology; D008903:Minerals / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D002364:Caseins; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D008903:Minerals; D019343:Citric Acid