title: The prognostic and pathophysiologic role of pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines in severe malaria.
abstract: Pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines were measured on admission in 287 consecutive Vietnamese adults with severe falciparum malaria. Plasma interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha concentrations and the IL-6: IL-10 ratio were significantly higher in patients who died than in survivors (P<.001). On multivariate analysis, hyperparasitemia, jaundice, and shock were all associated independently with raised IL-6, IL-10, and interferon-gamma, and acute renal failure specifically with raised TNF-alpha levels. Cerebral malaria patients, particularly those without other vital organ dysfunction, had significantly lower levels of these cytokines (P=.006), reflecting a more localized pathology. Serial IL-6 and IL-10 measurements made on 43 patients who died and matched survivors indicated a relative deficiency in IL-10 production as death approached. Elevated plasma cytokines in severe malaria are associated with systemic pathologic abnormalities, not cerebral involvement. Both the overall magnitude of the cytokine responses and the eventual imbalance between the pro- and antiinflammatory responses are important determinants of mortality.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom. Nick.Day@ndm.ox.ac.uk
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Day
authors.forename: T T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Hien
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schollaardt
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Loc
authors.forename: L V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Chuong
authors.forename: T T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Chau
authors.forename: N T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Mai
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Phu
authors.forename: D X
authors.initials: DX
authors.lastname: Sinh
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ho
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000209:etiology; D000328:Adult; D000740:Anemia / Q000209:etiology; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002681:China; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D007565:Jaundice / Q000209:etiology; D016779:Malaria, Cerebral / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D018512:Parasitemia / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011379:Prognosis; D012044:Regression Analysis; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis; D014744:Vietnam / Q000208:ethnology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D001663:Bilirubin