title: Complex flow patterns in the great vessels: a review.
abstract: The article reviews the applications of magnetic resonance velocity mapping based on phase shifts in the protons to quantify blood flow velocity and blood flow volume. The method can be used to study normal physiology of blood flow in the aorta and its major branches, including forward and backward flow, to measure the aortic valve function in aortic valvular disease, stenosis and regurgitation, as well as pulmonary artery flow velocities in pulmonic insufficiency and regurgitation. Superior vena cava flows, pulmonary vein flows, left-to-right shunts, atrial and ventricular pulmonary conduit flows can also be measured. Two- and three-directional velocity mapping is reviewed and can be used to study three- or four-D flows in the aorta and the major arteries in great detail.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, USA.
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Bogren
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Buonocore
mesh_terms: D001011:Aorta / Q000502:physiology*; D001022:Aortic Valve Insufficiency / Q000503:physiopathology; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000502:physiology; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000502:physiology*; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000502:physiology; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D014684:Venae Cavae / Q000502:physiology*