title: Laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy: advantages of the hand-assisted method.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The laparoscopic technique for living donor nephrectomy is a technically difficult procedure that has not yet gained widespread acceptance in the transplant community. The procedure may be more acceptable if alterations to the technique made it easier to perform and decreased operative times.
  
  
  METHODS
  In August 1998, we altered the laparoscopic procedure to include the use of a device allowing hand assistance. Subsequently, all living donor nephrectomies have been done using the hand-assisted method. In this article, the results of 10 cases performed using the original laparoscopic technique are compared with the results of 12 cases using the hand-assisted technique, and a brief description of modifications to the original technique is given.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No patients where turned down as living donors, and no contraindications to the pure or hand-assisted laparoscopic techniques where found. The hand-assisted technique significantly reduced the operative time (2.02+/-0.44 vs. 3.12+/-0.36 hr, P<0.05) and the warm ischemic time (1.23+/-0.54 vs. 3.91+/-0.53 min, P<0.05). The length of stay and recovery time to normal activities were not different between the pure laparoscopic and hand-assisted groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The advantages of the hand-assisted technique include the ability to use tactile sense to facilitate dissection, retraction, and exposure. In addition, the final stages of vascular stapling and kidney removal are more sure and rapid. The modifications of the laparoscopic technique presented here provide measurable and subjective improvements to laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy. The hand-assisted method of laparoscopic nephrectomy may make the operation available to more transplant centers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Transplant Surgery, Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA. dslakey@mailhost.tcs.tulane.edu
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Slakey
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hender
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D019520:Living Donors; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors