[Three cases of carotid cavernous sinus fistulas where the main ocular manifestation was restricted ocular motility].
BACKGROUND
Some cases of carotid cavernous sinus fistulas (CCFs) have few ocular congestive signs and symptoms. These cases need to be accurately diagnosed as having CCFs.


METHODS
Three patients with CCFs without ocular congestive signs or symptoms developed unilateral abducens restriction and visited our clinic.


RESULTS
Color Doppler imaging revealed retrograde flow of the superior ophthalmic veins bilaterally in the three cases. The diagnose of CCF was confirmed by cerebral angiography.


CONCLUSIONS
It is sometimes difficult to diagnose CCF, when a patient without ocular congestive signs or symptoms shows disturbed ocular motility as the only ocular manifestation. In such cases, color Doppler imaging may show the presence of CCF.
Kishi
S
S
Department of Ophthalmology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Japan.
Sawada
A
A
Mori
T
T
Yasuoka
M
M
D000368:Aged; D001164:Arteriovenous Fistula / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D002426:Cavernous Sinus; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015835:Ocular Motility Disorders / Q000209:etiology*