title: Ureteral reimplantation in infancy: evaluation of long-term voiding function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The advisability of early ureteral reimplantation in neonates and infants is controversial and to our knowledge long-term results are not available. We evaluated long-term voiding function after ureteral reimplantation in infancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1984 and 1993, 32 children underwent ureteral reimplantation in year 1 of life at our institution. Long-term results were evaluated in regard to surgical outcome, voiding function, urinary tract infection and the need for prophylaxis. Analysis of voiding function included family interviews, uroflowmetry and post-void residual urine measurement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete long-term data were available in 14 girls and 7 boys. The diagnosis was primary bilateral and unilateral vesicoureteral reflux, and ureterovesical junction obstruction in 11, 4 and 6 cases, respectively. Of the 26 refluxing renal units overall disease was grade II in 3, III in 6 and IV to V in 17. Patient age at surgery was 0.6 to 12 months (mean 5.4) and followup was 5 to 13 years (mean 9.5). Tapered reimplantation was performed in 8 renal units using excisional or infolding in 5 and 3, respectively. There were no complications in 19 patients (94%), while 2 had postoperative reflux for which 1 underwent reoperation. In 13 patients voiding habits were normal, while 8 reported infrequent voiding (3 or fewer voids daily). In 19 of the 20 patients tested voided volume was appropriate, and the flow rate of 10.8 to 52.7 cc per second (mean 20.9) and post-void residual urine volume of 0 to 40 cc (mean 11) were considered normal. One patient with normal uroflowmetry had incomplete vesical emptying.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early reimplantation may result in a high technical success rate and low postoperative morbidity in infants. After long-term followup infrequent voiding was common but noninvasive assessment of bladder function revealed no significant abnormality in the majority of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Upadhyay
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shekarriz
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Barthold
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012092:Replantation; D013997:Time Factors; D014513:Ureter / Q000601:surgery*; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000601:surgery*; D014554:Urination; D014563:Urodynamics; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000601:surgery*