title: Fas-Fas ligand-mediated apoptosis within aqueous during idiopathic acute anterior uveitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite ocular immune privilege, (auto)immune-mediated acute anterior uveitis (AAU) is relatively common. However, although relapses of AAU are usually self-limiting, possible regulatory mechanisms remain undefined in humans. Experimentally, Fas-Ligand (FasL)-mediated apoptosis of Fas+ inflammatory cells contributes to the immune privilege within the anterior chamber and provides an explanation for the success of corneal allograft transplantation. Therefore, whether such mechanisms regulate the immune response in AAU was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Aqueous and peripheral blood samples from consecutive patients presenting with idiopathic AAU were obtained with consent. Leukocytic phenotype was analyzed by flow cytometry, and apoptosis was determined by both flow cytometry and TdT-dUTP terminal nick-end labeling analysis. Presence of soluble Fas and FasL was determined by western blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and compared with control aqueous from patients undergoing cataract surgery. The ability of the aqueous to induce apoptosis in a Fas+ Jurkat cell line was also determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During AAU aqueous-infiltrating Fas+ cells included CD3+ T cells and granulocytes, whereas FasL+ cells comprised predominantly of non-CD3+ T cells. Higher levels of functional soluble FasL were found in aqueous of AAU patients than in normal aqueous, capable of inducing apoptosis in 68.9% +/- 7.6% of Fas+ lymphoid cells. Compared with peripheral blood, the CD4+ T cells infiltrate within aqueous showed significantly increased CD69 and CD25(IL-2r) expression. Flow cytometric analysis of aqueous showed that 9.32% +/- 1.2% of infiltrating non-granulocyte CD45+ cells were apoptotic, confirmed as T cells on subsequent three-color flow cytometric analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken together with published experimental data, the present study provides evidence for FasL-mediated apoptotic cell death contributing to the local immune regulation of ocular inflammatory disease and provides a mechanism to account for the self-limiting clinical course of AAU.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Aberdeen Medical School, Foresterhill, Scotland, UK. a.dick@abdn.ac.uk
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Dick
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Siepmann
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dees
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Broderick
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liversidge
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Forrester
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D019169:Jurkat Cells / Q000473:pathology; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D008024:Ligands; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D014606:Uveitis, Anterior / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000378:metabolism*; D000099192:CD69 Antigens
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D008024:Ligands; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2; D019014:fas Receptor; D000099192:CD69 Antigens; C505661:FASLG protein, human