Assessment of coagulation system activation using spot urine measurements.
Coagulation system activation is most commonly assessed by measuring levels of one or more proteins in peripheral blood. Because faulty blood-drawing can cause activation of the coagulation system, artifactual elevations of such markers have been reported. We have therefore investigated the possibility of using randomly collected ('spot') urine samples as a non-invasive means of assessing the state of coagulation system activation. Using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit designed to measure plasma levels of fragment 1 + 2, we found immunoreactive fragment 2 in healthy control subjects, and significantly increased levels in diabetic and non-diabetic pregnant subjects, and patients with venous thromboembolism, prostate cancer, and diabetes. Measurements of excretion of immunoreactive fragment 2 are worth further study as an adjunct or alternative to plasma-based assays designed to detect or quantify coagulation system activation.
Lind
S E
SE
Department of Medicine, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare and Northwestern University Medical School, Illinois, USA. s-lind@nwu.edu
Goldshteyn
S
S
Barry
C P
CP
Lindquist
J R
JR
Piergies
A A
AA
Rosen
T
T
Schneider
J R
JR
Shevrin
D H
DH
Caprini
J A
JA
D000328:Adult; D001777:Blood Coagulation; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000652:urine*; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D011516:Prothrombin / Q000652:urine*; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine
D010446:Peptide Fragments; C045879:prothrombin fragment 1.2; C044183:prothrombin fragment 2; D011516:Prothrombin