title: Intrauterine exposure to clomiphene and neonatal persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous.
abstract: A 4-year-and-10-month-old girl was diagnosed shortly after birth with persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV). Her mother took clomiphene 100 mg daily for approximately 4 weeks and discontinued the drug once she had a positive pregnancy test. The exact time of gestation was not clear. Clomiphene is an estrogen antagonist effective in the treatment of anovulation. Various ocular side effects have been described in women taking the drug, including decreased vision, mydriasis, flashing lights, central scotoma, photophobia, diplopia, allergic reactions, retinal vasospasms, detachment posterior vitreous, and possibly posterior subcapsular cataracts. These occur in 1.5-10% of patients taking clomiphene. The potential effects of clomiphene on the fetus have been investigated in five animal studies. Cataracts were observed in fetal mice and rats, but not in monkeys. In humans, a case of congenital retinal aplasia was described. The possibility of clomiphene-induced congenital PHPV should be considered, especially in pregnant women who are taking a high and prolonged dose.
authors.affiliation: Motherrisk Program, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bishai
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Arbour
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lyons
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koren
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002996:Clomiphene / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005124:Eye Abnormalities / Q000139:chemically induced*; D005260:Female; D005300:Fertility Agents, Female / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia; D018811:Maternal Exposure; D051379:Mice; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000002:abnormalities*
chemical_list: D005300:Fertility Agents, Female; D002996:Clomiphene