title: CT fluoroscopy-guided abdominal interventions: techniques, results, and radiation exposure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the benefits of computed tomographic (CT) fluoroscopy-guided interventions and assess radiation exposures incurred with CT fluoroscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 6-month period of use of CT fluoroscopy to guide abdominal biopsy procedures and catheter drainage was analyzed. Efficacy measures and needle placement and procedure room times were compared with those of the preceding 6 months during which conventional CT was used. CT fluoroscopic times and estimated radiation exposures were compared for two CT fluoroscopic methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sensitivity and negative predictive values for biopsy procedures and the success rate for needle aspiration or catheter drainages for CT fluoroscopy--98%, 86%, and 100%, respectively--were not significantly different from those for conventional CT--95%, 80%, and 97%, respectively. Room time was not reduced significantly, but mean needle placement time for CT fluoroscopy (29 minutes; n = 95) was significantly lower than that for conventional CT (36 minutes; n = 93; P < .005). The mean patient dose index was 74 cGy. Limiting CT fluoroscopy to scanning the needle tip rather than scanning the entire needle pass significantly reduced the dose to the patient and the operator.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although CT fluoroscopy is a useful targeting technique, significant radiation exposures may result. Therefore, radiologists need to be aware of different methods of CT fluoroscopic guidance and the factors that contribute to radiation exposure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. silver@ulna.bwh.harvard.edu
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Silverman
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tuncali
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Nawfel
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Judy
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000528:radiation effects*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001706:Biopsy / Q000295:instrumentation; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000295:instrumentation; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D004322:Drainage / Q000295:instrumentation; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D015642:Radiology, Interventional / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011874:Radiometry; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000295:instrumentation*