title: Preliminary results of the alternating administration of natural interferon-alpha and recombinant interferon-gamma for metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of the alternating administration of natural (n) interferon (IFN)-alpha and recombinant (r) IFN-gamma for metastatic RCC.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study comprised 24 patients (median age 60 years, range 42-77), 20 of whom were evaluable for response and all 24 evaluable for toxicity. Initially, nIFN-alpha was administered subcutaneously on days 1 and 3, and rIFN-gamma on day 2, for 1-2 weeks in the evening or at night, both at doses of 3 MU. If this regimen was tolerated, nIFN-alpha and rIFN-gamma were administered at the same doses on days 1, 3 and 5, and on days 2 and 4, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were three complete remissions and two partial remissions, giving a total response rate of 25%. All responders (complete plus partial remission) had undergone nephrectomy. Multiple lung metastases completely disappeared from four responders. The median and maximum time to remission in the responders were 2 and 7 months, respectively. The survival time of the responders was significantly longer than that of those not responding (stable and progressive disease, P=0.0202). Toxicities were mostly limited to WHO grades 1 and 2, with grade 3 leucopenia and grade 4 hepatic dysfunction in only one patient each. These toxicities were transient and there were no treatment-related deaths.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The alternating administration of nIFN-alpha and rIFN-gamma is an effective treatment for metastatic RCC. This treatment is particularly suitable for patients who have undergone nephrectomy and have lung metastases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hyogo Medical Center for Adults, Akashi, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yui-En
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gohji
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takenaka
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D016898:Interferon-alpha; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D007371:Interferon-gamma