title: Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli infection in household members of children with hemolytic-uremic syndrome in The Netherlands.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Strains of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) belonging to serogroup O157 (O157 VTEC) can cause a spectrum of disease that includes nonspecific diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis and the diarrhea-associated form of the hemolytic uremic syndrome (D+ HUS).
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective study of 34 children with D+ HUS caused by O157 VTEC to determine the frequency of VTEC infection in their household members.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gastrointestinal tract symptoms were reported in 1 or more household contacts of 17 (50%) of the 34 index cases. Of the 26 household members with gastrointestinal tract symptoms, 15 were parents and 11 were siblings. Evidence of VTEC infection was reported in 1 or more household contacts in 23 (68%) of the 34 families (in 46% of the siblings and in 28% of the parents). Nineteen (48%) siblings had a positive stool sample and in only 5 (12%) of the siblings IgM class serum antibodies to O157-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were detected. Nineteen (31%) parents had a positive stool sample. Antibodies to O157-LPS were not detected in any of the parents. The occurrence of (bloody) diarrhea significantly correlated with the occurrence of IgM class serum antibodies to O157-LPS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was concluded that household members of children with D+ HUS are often asymptomatically infected with O157 VTEC. Differences in the pathogenesis of the infection between infected individuals may be related to differences in the number of ingested O157 VTEC bacteria and to differences in susceptibility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Annet.Heuvelink@inspectwv.nl
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Heuvelink
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Van de Kar
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Van Der Velden
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chart
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Monnens
mesh_terms: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000382:microbiology*; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D019453:Escherichia coli O157 / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D006463:Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands; D010290:Parents; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D022622:Shiga Toxin 1
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D022622:Shiga Toxin 1