title: Tumour necrosis factor alpha stimulated rheumatoid synovial microvascular endothelial cells exhibit increased shear rate dependent leucocyte adhesion in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression and leucocyte adhesion to endothelial cells isolated from the microvasculature of rheumatoid arthritic synovial tissue (SMEC) in comparison with similar cells isolated from healthy subcutaneous adipose tissue (ADMEC) or from umbilical veins (HUVEC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cultured endothelial cells were treated with tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) for 2-24 hours before the assessment of cell surface E-selectin, vascular (VCAM-1) or intercellular cell adhesion molecule-I (ICAM-1) expression. Neutrophil and T lymphocyte adhesion to TNFalpha treated endothelial cells was assessed using static and shear dependent assay systems.
  
  
  RESULTS
  VCAM-1 expression by SMEC was significantly less sensitive to TNFalpha stimulation than HUVEC or ADMEC. E-selectin expression by SMEC appeared to be more sensitive to TNFalpha stimulation and maximal expression was about 30% greater in comparison with HUVEC or ADMEC. Sensitivity to TNFalpha induction and maximal ICAM-1 expression was similar in all three endothelial cell types. Static neutrophil adhesion to TNFalpha stimulated SMEC was significantly increased in comparison with HUVEC, however this phenomenon was dependent on the presence of neutralising antibodies to ICAM-1. At shear rates in excess of 2.4 dynes/cm(2) significantly more neutrophils and, predominantly CD45RO+, T lymphocytes adhered to TNFalpha stimulated SMEC than HUVEC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rheumatoid synovial endothelial cells differentially regulate E-selectin and VCAM-1. The increased ability of TNFalpha stimulated synovial endothelial cells to support leucocyte adhesion may help to explain the leucocyte, in particular CD45RO+ T-lymphocyte, recruitment observed in the rheumatoid synovium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Bath, UK.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Abbot
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Whish
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jennison
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Blake
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Stevens
mesh_terms: D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000378:metabolism; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D019040:E-Selectin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1