title: Chronic spinal pain syndromes: a clinical pilot trial comparing acupuncture, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, and spinal manipulation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare needle acupuncture, medication (tenoxicam with ranitidine), and spinal manipulation for managing chronic (>13 weeks duration) spinal pain syndromes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, independently assessed preintervention and postintervention clinical pilot trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Specialized spinal pain syndrome out-patient unit at Townsville General Hospital, Queensland, Australia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-seven patients (without contraindication to manipulation or medication) were recruited.
  
  
  METHODS
  One of three separate, clearly defined intervention protocols: needle acupuncture, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication, or chiropractic spinal manipulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Main outcome measures were changes (4 weeks vs. initial visit) in the scores of the (1) Oswestry Back Pain Disability Index, (2) Neck Disability Index, and (3) three visual analogue scales of local pain intensity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Randomization was successful. After a median intervention period of 30 days, spinal manipulation was the only intervention that achieved statistically significant improvements (all expressed as percentages of the original scores) with (1) a reduction of 30.7% on the Oswestry scale, (2) an improvement of 25% on the neck disability index, and (3) reductions on the visual analogue scale of 50% for low back pain, 46% for upper back pain, and 33% for neck pain (all P<.001). Neither of the other interventions showed any significant improvement on any of the outcome measures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The consistency of the results provides, in spite of several discussed shortcomings of this pilot study, evidence that in patients with chronic spinal pain syndromes spinal manipulation, if not contraindicated, results in greater improvement than acupuncture and medicine.
authors.affiliation: National Unit for Multidisciplinary Studies of Spinal Pain, Townsville General Hospital, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Giles
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Müller
mesh_terms: D015670:Acupuncture Therapy; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001416:Back Pain / Q000628:therapy*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020393:Manipulation, Spinal; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D010894:Piroxicam / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D010894:Piroxicam; C032801:tenoxicam