title: Neuropsychological symptoms in Chinese male and female painters: an epidemiological study in dockyard workers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the prevalences of neuropsychological symptoms in male and female dockyard painters in China and to compare them with those in British dockyard painters.
  
  
  METHODS
  All 116 painters were identified, active and retired, who had been employed in two Chinese dockyards for at least 1 year together with a matched random sample of 263 dockyard non-painters. Neuropsychological and personality questionnaires that we had used previously in a study of United Kingdom dockyard painters were used, translated into Chinese. Neuropsychological symptoms in painters and controls were compared, adjusting for age, educational level, smoking, alcohol intake, and personality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The response rate was 94% for painters and 97% for controls. Highly significant excesses of symptoms were found in painters, suggestive of neuropsychological dysfunction. Both male and female painters showed higher relative risks than were found in similar tradespeople in the United Kingdom. The relative risk increased with increasing score of both neurological and psychological symptoms. Relative risk of having a high symptom score, compared with controls and adjusted for confounders, was 6.61 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 2.36 to 18.50) for 2-15 years exposure, 14.88 (5.74 to 38.56) for 16-22 years and 9.42 (3.97 to 22.36) for > or = 22 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that neuropsychological symptoms are associated with heavy exposure to painting work in China, and that the phenomenon is likely to be found worldwide wherever there is such exposure to solvent based paints. The high response rate in this study answers a possible criticism of the earlier United Kingdom study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, University of Aberdeen, UK.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seaton
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000208:ethnology; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D010150:Paint / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012767:Ships