title: Open randomised trial of intermittent very low energy diet together with nicotine gum for stopping smoking in women who gained weight in previous attempts to quit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether attempts to prevent weight gain will increase success rates for stopping smoking.
  
  
  METHODS
  16 week, open, randomised study with 1 year follow up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Obesity unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  287 female smokers who had quit smoking before but started again because of weight concerns.
  
  
  METHODS
  Combination of a standard smoking cessation programme with nicotine gum and a behavioural weight control programme including a very low energy diet. A control group was treated with the identical programme but without the diet.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sustained cessation of smoking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 16 weeks, 68/137 (50%) women had stopped smoking in the diet group versus 53/150 (35%) in the control group (P=0.01). Among these women, weight fell by mean 2.1 (95% confidence interval 2.9 to 1.3) kg in the diet group but increased by 1.6 (0.9 to 2.3) kg in the control group (P<0.001). After 1 year the success rates in the diet and control groups were 38/137 (28%) and 24/150 (16%) respectively (P<0.05), but there was no statistical difference in weight gain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combining the smoking cessation programme with an intervention to control weight helped women to stop smoking and control weight.
authors.affiliation: Obesity Unit, Karolinska Hospital, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden. tobias.danielsson@medhs.ki.se
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Danielsson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rössner
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Westin
mesh_terms: D002638:Chewing Gum; D004032:Diet; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010349:Patient Compliance; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000209:etiology; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D002638:Chewing Gum; D009538:Nicotine