title: Reflex sympathetic dystrophy in pregnancy: nine cases and a review of the literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To better understand the diagnosis of reflex sympathetic dystrophy of the lower extremities in pregnant women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Disease analysis using a retrospective series of nine cases and a review of the literature (57 patients and 159 sites of reflex sympathetic dystrophy).
  
  
  RESULTS
  This disorder should be considered in any painful pelvic girdle syndrome or lower extremity pain. The hip is involved in 88% of cases. Symptoms develop in the third trimester of pregnancy, between the 26th and the 34th weeks. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides an early, accurate, and very specific diagnosis, although standard radiography continues to be the first-line diagnostic tool. Fracture occurs in 19% of patients. The etiology and pathophysiology remain unclear, although pregnancy itself appears to play a significant role in this disease. Although locoregional mechanical factors partly explain reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Hypertriglyceridemia appears to be a risk factor. This disorder develops independently, but the conclusion of pregnancy appears to be necessary for cure. Reflex sympathetic dystrophy does not appear to affect the course of the pregnancy. Indications for cesarean delivery remain obstetrical and should be discussed when a fracture is involved. Simple therapeutic management using gentle physical therapy provides rapid and complete recovery in 2-3 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reflex sympathetic dystrophy during pregnancy remains poorly understood and underestimated. Only joints of the inferior limbs are involved. MRI appears to be the best diagnostic tool. Pathogenesis remains unclear. Fractures are not rare. Treatment should be non-aggressive.
authors.affiliation: Maternity Ward, Poissy Hospital Center, France. nathalie.bridou@bch.ap-hop-paris.fr
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Poncelet
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Perdu
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Levy-Weil
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Philippe
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nisand
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006621:Hip Joint; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D010146:Pain; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012019:Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy / Q000175:diagnosis*