title: Disease activity in multiple sclerosis studied by weekly triple-dose magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: This study assessed whether dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier is an obligatory early event in lesion formation in multiple sclerosis. Dual-echo and T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging after the injection of a triple dose (0.3 mmol/kg) of gadolinium-DTPA were obtained from ten patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis every week for 2 months. Sixty-four newly active lesions were detected by the two techniques. All the 44 new lesions seen on dual-echo scans enhanced during the early phases of their formation: 33 at their first appearance, 10 1 week before their appearance on the dual-echo scans, and one the week thereafter. When the every fourth (monthly) scan was analyzed, a total of 55 newly active lesions were detected (i.e., 14% active lesions would have been missed compared to the number found on weekly scanning). Thirty-one of them were detected by both dual-echo and triple-dose scans, 15 only by enhanced scans, and nine only by dual-echo scans. This study confirms that with highly sensitive magnetic resonance imaging techniques dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier is an obligatory early event in new lesion formation in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Neuroimaging Research Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, University of Milan, Via Olgettina, 60, I-20132 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tortorella
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Codella
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rocca
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gasperini
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Capra
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bastianello
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Filippi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000502:physiology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity