title: Pretreatment staging by endoscopic ultrasonography does not predict complete response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation in patients with esophageal carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) provides highly accurate preoperative T and N classifications in patients with esophageal carcinoma. Although previous data have suggested that patients with tumors classified as T4 by EUS do not benefit from surgical resection, these data were acquired prior to the widespread use of preoperative chemoradiation. The current study investigated whether pretreatment EUS can predict a complete response to neoadjuvant therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with esophageal carcinoma (adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma) underwent EUS classification prior to therapy. Patients classified as T2, T3, or T4 and M0 were treated with 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin, and radiation under protocol. Patients with T1 lesions underwent resection without prior chemoradiation. Chemoradiation was followed in all cases by attempted surgical resection. The initial EUS classification was compared with the final pathologic results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-five patients (47 males and 8 females) with a mean age of 60.5 years (range, 31-78 years) were evaluated. There were 41 adenocarcinomas and 14 squamous cell carcinomas. Among the total population, a complete response was achieved in 3 of 5 patients (60%) with tumors classified as T2 by EUS, 14 of 42 patients (33%) with tumors classified as T3 by EUS, and 5 of 8 patients (63%) with tumors classified as T4 by EUS (P = 0.19). A complete response was achieved in 9 of 24 patients (38%) found to have N0 disease by EUS versus 13 of 30 patients (43%) determined to have N1 disease (P = 0.66). The results for patients with adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma were similar.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the current study demonstrate that pretreatment EUS does not predict reliably which patients with esophageal carcinoma will achieve a complete pathologic response to preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mallery
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: DeCamp
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bueno
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Mentzer
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Sugarbaker
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Swanson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van Dam
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D016629:Esophagectomy; D004945:Esophagoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D014463:Ultrasonography