title: Oral and genital ulceration: a unique presentation of immunodeficiency in Athabascan-speaking American Indian children with severe combined immunodeficiency.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oral and genital ulcerations have been previously reported in 3 Navajo children diagnosed with severe combined immunodeficiency disease with T- and B-cell lymphopenia (T-B(-)-SCID).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the occurrence of oral and genital ulcerations in 12 Athabascan-speaking American Indians with a diagnosis of T-B(-)-SCID (SCIDA group) and to compare their occurrence in non-Athabascan-speaking children with SCID (control group). We also observed the course of these ulcerations in response to bone marrow transplantation (BMT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective survey of the medical records of patients with SCID admitted from December 1, 1986, through July 31, 1995.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation Division at a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve children in the SCIDA group and 21 in the control group. All patients had virtual absence of T- and B-cell numbers and function at time of diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oral and/or genital ulcers developed as a presenting feature of the SCIDA group. These ulcerations were not observed in the 21 controls. All patients underwent BMT. Of the 10 patients with oral and/or genital ulcerations, 3 had poor T-cell reconstitution after BMT, with recurrences of ulcers requiring additional BMTs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral and/or genital ulcerations are common in Athabascan-speaking American Indian children with T-B(-)-SCID but are not seen in non-Athabascan-speaking children with SCID. Thus, oral and/or genital ulceration appears to be an important, distinctive finding, and often a presenting feature of immunodeficiency in Athabascan-speaking American Indian children with SCID. Bone marrow transplantation with successful T-cell engraftment appears to be curative in the resolution of the ulcers, with recurrences only in patients who had poor T-cell reconstitution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Kwong
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: O'Marcaigh
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Cowan
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Frieden
mesh_terms: D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D005260:Female; D005831:Genital Diseases, Female / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005832:Genital Diseases, Male / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D019226:Oral Ulcer / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016511:Severe Combined Immunodeficiency / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D014456:Ulcer / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D014481:United States