title: Trofosfamide in patients with pancreatic cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In a previous phase II trial of ifosfamide (IFO) several patients with pancreatic cancer responded to therapy (1). Trofosfamide (TROFO) is an orally taken oxazaphosphorine prodrug. Metabolic products of TROFO include ifosfamide (IFO) and cyclophosphamide (CYCLO). In clinical pilot studies with TROFO against refractory malignancies mild toxicity was reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  Since virtually all patients with advanced pancreatic cancer are symtomatic, we designed and conducted a prospective phase II trial to evaluate the activity of single agent therapy with TROFO given orally continuously (three times 50 mg daily), and to assess the toxicity, duration of remission, and overall survival of the treated patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  16 patients were enrolled onto the study. In one patient a PR has been observed; the mayor response rate was 6%. The mayor toxicity was bone marrow toxicity with granulocytopenia (WHO grade II) and anemia (WHO grade II) in virtually all patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Single agent therapy with TROFO in patients with pancreatic cancer is safe and well tolerated; however, it shows low clinical activity.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Universität Lübeck, Medizinische Klinik 1, Germany.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schmidt-Sandte
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dageförde
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Klapdor
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Wiedemann
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D018395:CA-19-9 Antigen / Q000097:blood; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000097:blood; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018395:CA-19-9 Antigen; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; C003726:trofosfamide