title: alpha-Adrenergic blockade in children with neuropathic and nonneuropathic voiding dysfunction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inadequate bladder emptying is a common urinary dysfunction in children. The role of alpha-blockers for managing bladder outlet obstruction remains relatively unexplored in children. Because of the well established impact of alpha-blocker therapy in men, we investigated its use for treating inadequate bladder emptying in the pediatric population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We treated 17 children 3 to 15 years old with documented poor bladder emptying of various etiologies, including dysfunctional voiding, the Hinman syndrome, the lazy bladder syndrome, posterior urethral valves, myelomeningocele and the prune-belly syndrome, using the alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist, doxazosin. The initial dose of 0.5 to 1.0 mg. nightly was increased according to patient response and as tolerated. Patients were followed weekly to monthly by symptomatic history, and urine flow and/or post-void residual urine volume measurement. Two patients with neurogenic bladder were also followed with cystometrography and leak point pressure determination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bladder symptomatology and/or emptying improved in 14 patients (82%). Ten patients had decreased post-void residual urine during treatment and in 3 uroflowmetry showed increased maximum flow. Two patients with neuropathic bladder secondary to myelomeningocele had decreased leak point pressure on alpha-blocker therapy and in 2 with a history of posterior urethral valves new onset bilateral hydronephrosis completely resolved. Only 1 patient had mild postural hypotension, which resolved with dose reduction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Selective alpha-blocker therapy seems to be well tolerated in children and appears effective for improving bladder emptying in various pediatric voiding disorders at short-term followup. Long-term followup and further investigation are warranted to validate the potential role of alpha-blocker therapy in pediatric urinary dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA.
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Austin
authors.forename: Y L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Homsy
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Masel
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Cain
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Casale
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Rink
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017292:Doxazosin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001748:Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D017292:Doxazosin