title: Human BUBR1 is a mitotic checkpoint kinase that monitors CENP-E functions at kinetochores and binds the cyclosome/APC.
abstract: Human cells express two kinases that are related to the yeast mitotic checkpoint kinase BUB1. hBUB1 and hBUBR1 bind to kinetochores where they are postulated to be components of the mitotic checkpoint that monitors kinetochore activities to determine if chromosomes have achieved alignment at the spindle equator (Jablonski, S.A., G.K.T. Chan, C.A. Cooke, W.C. Earnshaw, and T.J. Yen. 1998. Chromosoma. 107:386-396). In support of this, hBUB1 and the homologous mouse BUB1 have been shown to be important for the mitotic checkpoint (Cahill, D.P., C. Lengauer, J. Yu, G.J. Riggins, J.K. Willson, S.D. Markowitz, K.W. Kinzler, and B. Vogelstein. 1998. Nature. 392:300-303; Taylor, S.S., and F. McKeon. 1997. Cell. 89:727-735). We now demonstrate that hBUBR1 is also an essential component of the mitotic checkpoint. hBUBR1 is required by cells that are exposed to microtubule inhibitors to arrest in mitosis. Additionally, hBUBR1 is essential for normal mitotic progression as it prevents cells from prematurely entering anaphase. We establish that one of hBUBR1's checkpoint functions is to monitor kinetochore activities that depend on the kinetochore motor CENP-E. hBUBR1 is expressed throughout the cell cycle, but its kinase activity is detected after cells have entered mitosis. hBUBR1 kinase activity was rapidly stimulated when the spindle was disrupted in mitotic cells. Finally, hBUBR1 was associated with the cyclosome/anaphase-promoting complex (APC) in mitotically arrested cells but not in interphase cells. The combined data indicate that hBUBR1 can potentially provide two checkpoint functions by monitoring CENP-E-dependent activities at the kinetochore and regulating cyclosome/APC activity.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, USA.
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Jablonski
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sudakin
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hittle
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Yen
mesh_terms: D000705:Anaphase / Q000187:drug effects; D064173:Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome; D017209:Apoptosis; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000378:metabolism*; D002877:Chromosomes, Human / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D015870:Gene Expression; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D020014:K562 Cells; D018386:Kinetochores / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008025:Ligases / Q000378:metabolism*; D008677:Metaphase / Q000187:drug effects; D008938:Mitosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015739:Nocodazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D011485:Protein Binding; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D008941:Spindle Apparatus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D043743:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
chemical_list: C584278:Bub1b protein, mouse; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; C068688:centromere protein E; D043743:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes; D064173:Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D011494:Protein Kinases; C584277:BUB1 protein, human; C584281:Bub1 protein, mouse; C090464:Bub1 spindle checkpoint protein; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D008025:Ligases; D015739:Nocodazole