title: Caudate size in first-episode neuroleptic-naive schizophrenic patients measured using an artificial neural network.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Structural brain imaging studies have demonstrated an increase in caudate volume in schizophrenic patients medicated with typical neuroleptics and a volume decrease following treatment with atypical neuroleptics. The measurement of striatal volume in patients who have never been treated with neuroleptics may indicate whether these changes are superimposed on intrinsic basal ganglia pathology in schizophrenia or are solely neuroleptic-induced.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 36 first-episode, neuroleptic-naive schizophrenic patients and 43 control subjects using an artificial neural network (ANN) to identify and measure the caudate nucleus. The resulting volumes were analyzed using an ANCOVA controlling for intracranial volume, age, gender, and socioeconomic status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean volume difference between the caudate nuclei of patients and control subjects was .297 mL, the caudate nuclei of the patients being smaller than those of controls. When we covaried for intracranial volume, this was a statistically significant difference in caudate volume (n = 79; df = 1,75; F = 4.18; p > .04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Caudate nuclei of neuroleptic naive schizophrenic patients are significantly smaller than those of controls. This suggests that patients suffering from schizophrenia may have intrinsic pathology of the caudate nucleus, in addition to the pathology observed as a consequence of chronic neuroleptic treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City 52242-1057, USA.
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Corson
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nopoulos
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Andreasen
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Heckel
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arndt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002421:Caudate Nucleus / Q000002:abnormalities*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012984:Software