title: Müllerian duct remnants: surgical management and fertility issues.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We reviewed our experience with mullerian duct remnants, also known as prostatic utricular and mullerian duct cysts, to advance further the understanding of the surgical management of these challenging congenital anomalies. The indications, merits and disadvantages of each surgical approach are presented, and the effects of mullerian duct remnants and their treatment on future fertility are discussed.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the records of 26 patients 1 month to 19 years old with mullerian duct remnants who were seen between January 1984 and October 1998. Clinical presentation included perineoscrotal hypospadias in 10 cases, urinary retention and/or difficult voiding in 7, urinary tract infection in 6, acute scrotum in 2, and recurrent hemospermia and dysuria in 1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 26 patients 13 required surgical intervention for various symptoms and to correct large diverticula. The surgical approach was transvesical transtrigonal in 8 cases, extravesical in 2, perineal in 2 and posterior sagittal in 1. Transurethral fulguration was performed in 2 cases. The initial surgical approach was successful in 11 of the 13 patients. One patient required conversion to a transvesical transtrigonal approach due to inadequate exposure during attempted perineal excision. Two cases treated with transurethral fulguration failed to resolve completely, and in 1 excision was required using the transvesical transtrigonal technique. A total of 13 patients were treated nonoperatively, including 10 in whom the condition was discovered incidentally during screening for perineoscrotal hypospadias. In 5 of the 10 patients urinary tract infection subsequently developed and they were maintained on long-term chemoprophylaxis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By tailoring the surgical approach to the type of mullerian duct remnant and the relevant anatomical relationships a high degree of success may be achieved with minimal morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York, USA.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Desautel
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stock
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Hanna
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005298:Fertility; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009095:Mullerian Ducts / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*