title: Ambulatory endovascular surgery: cost advantage and factors influencing its safe performance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To perform a retrospective analysis of chronic limb ischemia and determine whether endovascular surgery can be performed safely and cost effectively on an ambulatory basis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among 42 patients undergoing endovascular interventions for lower limb ischemia over a 12-month period ending October 1997, 32 (18 men, mean age 68 years, range 44 to 89) were treated solely by endovascular interventions. These patients were grouped according to time inhospital: 20 (63%) patients had endovascular procedures performed on an ambulatory basis, 7 (22%) were hospitalized for > 24 hours, and 5 (16%) required an overnight stay. The angioplasty procedures, which included placement of 21 stents, were performed in the abdominal aorta (n = 1) and the common iliac (n = 9), external iliac (n =7), superficial femoral (n = 11), popliteal (n = 5), tibioperoneal (n = 7), and subclavian (n = 1) arteries. Hospital charges were compared for the 3 groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Other than the presence of coronary artery disease, there were no significant differences in demographics or risk factors among the 3 groups. Angioplasty was technically successful in all patients, and there were no procedural complications. Patients with tissue loss required hospitalization more frequently compared to those with claudication. Significantly more patients who were hospitalized had epidural anesthesia as opposed to local when compared to the ambulatory group, 43% versus 5%, respectively (p = 0.04). Excluding professional fees, mean total hospital cost differed significantly between the ambulatory group and the group of patients with a hospital stay > 24 hours ($8227 versus $40,383, respectively; p = 0.03) and between the 2 hospitalized groups ($9476 for overnight stay versus $40,383 for > 24-hour stay, p = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Peripheral endovascular interventions can be performed safely on an ambulatory basis resulting in decreased hospital cost. Patients who receive epidural anesthesia, require concomitant open vascular reconstruction, present with tissue loss, or have unstable medical conditions are more likely to require hospitalization.
authors.affiliation: St. Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Shindelman
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Ninnul
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Curtiss
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Konigsberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures / Q000191:economics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000592:standards; D000792:Angiography; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017722:Hospital Charges; D017721:Hospital Costs; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012449:Safety; D015996:Survival Rate; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000191:economics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000592:standards; D014741:Video Recording