title: Individualized protein fortification of human milk for preterm infants: comparison of ultrafiltrated human milk protein and a bovine whey fortifier.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To improve the nutritional management of pre-term infants, a new individualized human milk fortification system based on presupplementation milk protein analyses was evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  In an open, prospective, randomized multicenter study, 32 healthy preterm infants (birth weights, 920-1750 g) were enrolled at a mean of 21 days of age (range, 9-36 days) when tolerating exclusive enteral feedings of 150 ml/kg per day. All infants were fed human milk and were randomly allocated to fortification with a bovine whey protein fortifier (n = 16) or ultrafiltrated human milk protein (n = 16). All human milk was analyzed for protein content before fortification with the goal of a daily protein intake of 3.5 g/kg. During the study period (mean, 24 days) daily aliquots of the fortified milk were obtained for subsequent analyses of the protein content.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both fortifiers were well tolerated, and growth gain in weight, length, and head circumference, as well as final preprandial concentrations of serum urea, transthyretin, transferrin, and albumin were similar in both groups. The ultimate estimated protein intake was equivalent in both groups (mean 3.1+/-0.1 g/kg per day). Serum amino acid profiles were similar in both feeding groups, except for threonine (significantly higher in the bovine fortifier group) and proline and ornithine (significantly higher in the human milk protein group).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Protein analyses of the milk before individual fortification provides a new tool for an individualized feeding system of the preterm infant. The bovine whey protein fortifier attained biochemical and growth results similar to those found in infants fed human milk protein exclusively with the corresponding protein intakes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, University of Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Polberger
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Räihä
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Juvonen
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Moro
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Minoli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Warm
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D005527:Food, Fortified; D006128:Growth; D006801:Humans; D007225:Infant Food; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008895:Milk, Human; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014462:Ultrafiltration; D000067816:Whey Proteins
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D008894:Milk Proteins; D000067816:Whey Proteins