title: Intraoperative electromyogram monitoring of the recurrent laryngeal nerve: experience with an intralaryngeal surface electrode. A method to reduce the risk of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury during thyroid surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A clinical method to localize the recurrent laryngeal nerve intraoperatively in order to minimize the risk of accidental injury is presented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By means of an electrode, the nerve was stimulated by a pulsed contact current. The resulting muscle potential was detected using an electrode placed in the larynx. We applied this technique during the time period between 1 January 1997 and 31 December 1998. In 96 cases of primary thyroid resection, the recurrent nerve was identified 167 times. The patients were operated on for nodular thyroid (n=85), Grave's disease (n=9) and malignant papillary goiter (n=2). Retrospectively, the rate of intraoperative nerve injury, equivalent to the rate of postoperative transient and permanent nerve palsy, was 1.04% in the 96 patients and 0.60% with respect to the 167 nerves at risk. The rate of failure of the method was 7.29%.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of General, Traumatic, Abdominal and Pediatric Surgery, Elisabeth Krankenhaus Essen, Moltkestrasse 61, D-45010 Essen, Germany,
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Horn
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Rötzscher
mesh_terms: D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004576:Electromyography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods*; D012009:Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve / Q000502:physiology*; D061226:Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injuries; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000601:surgery*