The subjective effects of smoking on nasal symptoms.
One hundred and forty-four volunteers completed a validated questionnaire, to investigate the association between smoking, non-smoking and passive smoking status, and the degree of a range of 10 common nasal symptoms. Logistic regression showed that smokers were four times and passive smokers six times more likely to report hyposmia compared to non-smokers. No significant differences were found between the three groups for any of the other nine symptoms.
Collins
M M
MM
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, North Riding Infirmary, Middlesbrough, UK.
Hawthorne
M
M
el-Hmd
K
K
Gray
J
J
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004844:Epistaxis / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015508:Nasal Obstruction / Q000209:etiology; D009668:Nose Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012912:Sneezing; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires