title: Smoking status by proxy and self report: rate of agreement in different ethnic groups.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the rate of agreement between proxy and self report of smoking status in Hispanics compared with other ethnic groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data source is the 1990 California Tobacco Survey (CTS) which includes proxy and self reported smoking status. The CTS is a random digit dialed survey conducted in 57,244 households. A sample of 10,011 adults was included in the analyses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Percentages of agreement and disagreement between self report and report by other member of the household on smoking status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cohen's kappa coefficients of agreement on smoking status between self report and proxy report was highest in non-Hispanic whites and African Americans (kappa = 0.91), followed by Asian Americans (kappa = 0.82) and Hispanics (kappa = 0.76). Among adults identified as current smokers by proxy, a lower percentage of Hispanics compared with non-Hispanics indicated that they were current smokers (odds ratio (OR) = 3.74, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 3.28 to 4.20). Furthermore, agreement between proxy and self report was also lower in Hispanics of low acculturation compared with Hispanics with a high level of acculturation (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0 to 0.94).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The agreement between self reported and proxy reported smoking status is higher among non-Hispanics compared with Hispanics. Smoking rates in different ethnic groups that are estimated by telephone surveys including proxy and self report might not be comparable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0622, USA. anavarro@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Navarro
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019727:Proxy; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*