title: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia diagnosis: emotional impact and nursing implications.
abstract: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is a progressive disease process that starts with abnormal cellular development in the cervical epithelium and can be identified as low- or high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LGSIL or HGSIL) by the Papanicolaou (Pap) smear test. Persistent abnormal results require follow-up colposcopy, an anxiety-producing procedure. Anxiety and fear can interfere with adequate treatment and follow-up. Early education efforts may reduce anxiety and enhance adherence to treatment and are invaluable in halting the progression of CIN. Diagnosis and treatment, the emotional impact on women, and implications for client education are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Pacific Lutheran University, School of Nursing, Tacoma, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Ferreira
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D003127:Colposcopy / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009722:Nurse Practitioners; D065006:Papanicolaou Test; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000451:nursing* / Q000523:psychology*; D014626:Vaginal Smears / Q000145:classification / Q000523:psychology; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000451:nursing* / Q000523:psychology*