title: Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of liver lesions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is not traditionally thought to be clinically applicable in liver imaging. EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration of the liver has not been well described.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study was conducted in which 574 consecutive patients with a history or suspicion of gastrointestinal or pulmonary malignant tumor undergoing upper EUS examinations underwent EUS evaluation of the liver. Fourteen (2.4%) patients were found to have focal liver lesions and underwent EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median largest diameter of the liver lesions was 1.1 cm (range 0.8 to 5.2 cm). The mean number of passes was 2.0 (range 1 to 5 passes). All fine-needle passes yielded an adequate specimen. One of the 14 patients underwent EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration of 2 liver lesions. Fourteen of the 15 liver lesions sampled by means of EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration were malignant and one was benign. Before EUS, computed tomography (CT) depicted liver lesions in only 3 of 14 (21%) patients. Seven of 14 patients had a known cancer diagnosis. For the other 7, the initial diagnosis of cancer was made by means of EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration of the liver. There were no immediate or late complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EUS can detect small focal liver lesions that are not detected at CT. Findings of EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration can confirm a cytologic diagnosis of liver metastasis and establish a definitive M stage that may change clinical management.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Orange, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000556:secondary*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D019160:Endosonography; D005260:Female; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000556:secondary; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity