title: Effect of distal stenosis of internal thoracic artery bypass grafts on longitudinal phasic blood flow velocity characteristics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Left internal thoracic artery (LITA) bypass conduits show gradual longitudinal transition in their phasic flow velocity patterns from the proximal to distal segments, but little is known about the influence of distal stenosis, particularly early after surgery, on that characteristic. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of distal stenosis on these flow velocity patterns.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 24 LITAs within 1 month (7 to 30 days) after surgery with a Doppler-tipped guide wire at the proximal, mid, and distal segments. Maximum peak velocities (MPV), time averaged peak velocities (APV), and velocity-time integrals (VTI) were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In LITAs without stenosis (n = 14, group A), the APV, MPV, and VTI values at the diastole were significantly greater than those for distal stenosis (minimal lumen diameter >75%, n = 10, group B). The values of the 3 indexes at the systole in each segment did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. Both groups showed gradual increases in the diastolic/systolic ratios of the 3 indexes from the proximal to distal portions, the ratios in group A being significantly larger than that in group B (APV, P <. 001; MPV, P <.01; TVI, P <.01, respectively). For these indexes, sensitivity and specificity for predicting stenosis of LITA was higher in the proximal and mid portion than in the distal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anastomotic stenosis decreases the diastolic flow component but not the systolic one. By using diastolic/systolic ratios of the 3 indexes, it is possible to predict distal stenosis of LITA from the resting phasic flow velocity pattern.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Internal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan. jkoyama@hsp.md.shinshu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koyama
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Owa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Asakawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hikita
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohkubo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ikeda
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013895:Thoracic Arteries / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014654:Vascular Patency