title: Extra-articular rheumatoid arthritis: prevalence and mortality.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The prevalence and distribution of extra-articular manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis (ExRA) and associated mortality were studied retrospectively in a cohort of RA patients admitted to University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden, during the period 1990-94.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 489 patients who fulfilled the 1987 ACR criteria for RA, 37 manifested onset of ExRA, predominantly serositis and cutaneous vasculitis, during the period, corresponding to a cumulative incidence of 7.9%. The occurrence of ExRA was independent of disease stage. Among patients with ExRA, 1 death/4.3 person-years at risk (pyr) occurred, as compared with 1 death/11.4 pyr in the non-ExRA subgroup. The age- and sex-adjusted mortality rate ratio was 2.49 (95% confidence interval 1.43-4.03). The major cause of death among ExRA cases was heart disease, which occurred in 9/13 cases (69%) in comparison to the expected 2.4 cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this series, serositis and cutaneous vasculitis were predominant extra-articular manifestations of RA; and mortality was greater in the ExRA than in the non-ExRA subgroup, perhaps due to a high frequency of associated heart disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Lund University, University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Turesson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jacobsson
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bergström
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D002423:Cause of Death; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012700:Serositis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology