title: Characterization of the inflammatory response to proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR2)-activating peptides in the rat paw.
abstract: In the present study, we have observed the development of an inflammatory reaction in the rat hindpaw, following the injection of specific agonists of PAR2 (two PAR2 activating peptides). This inflammation was characterized by oedema and granulocyte infiltration. Two selective PAR2 activating peptides, SLGRL-NH2 and trans-cinnamoyl-LIGRLO-NH2 induced significant oedema in the rat hindpaw from 1-6 h following subplantar injection. Six hours after the PAR2-activating peptide injection, the paw tissues showed a complete disruption of tissue architecture along with an inflammatory cell infiltrate. In the inflamed paw, PAR2-immunoreactivity was expressed on endothelial cells as well as on the infiltrating inflammatory cells. The oedema induced by the injection of the two PAR2 activating peptides was slightly reduced in rats pre-treated with compound 48/80, but was not modified by pre-treatment of rats with cromolyn, a mast cell stabilizer. Pre-treatment of rats with a cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor (indomethacin) or a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (L-N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester) had no effect on the oedema induced by the PAR2-activating peptides. These results demonstrate that the administration of PAR2-activating peptides into the rat paw induced an acute inflammatory response characterized by a persistent oedema (at least 6 h) and granulocyte infiltration. The PAR2-induced inflammatory response occurred through a mechanism largely independent of mast cell activation, and of the production of prostanoids and nitric oxide.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vergnolle
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Hollenberg
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Sharkey
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wallace
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D004487:Edema / Q000209:etiology; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000502:physiology; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D044464:Receptor, PAR-2; D018179:Receptors, Thrombin / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D010455:Peptides; D011453:Prostaglandins; D044464:Receptor, PAR-2; D018179:Receptors, Thrombin; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; D007213:Indomethacin