title: Bile reflux into the esophagus. Bilitec 2000 measurements in normal subjects and in patients after Nissen fundoplication.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bilitec 2000 is a new spectrophotometric system that can detect bilirubin within the esophagus. The aim of this study was to test this new system in vitro and in vivo with special attention to patients operated on laparoscopically for gastroesophageal reflux with Nissen fundoplication.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro studies of gallbladder bile dilution curves at different pHs were performed with a combined pH and Bilitec probe and by investigation of the drift of the Bilitec system. In vivo studies were performed in 34 normal individuals and 12 patients operated on with a laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. Intra/intervariations were evaluated in normal individuals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Bilitec system was able to detect changes in absorbance value within the range 0.14-0.6. Absorbance values were about 30% lower in an acid environment. The percentage of the total time with bile reflux was a median (range) of 3.9 (0-49.6) in normal individuals, with an intravariation within the intervariation, and 8.7 (0-36.6) in patients after a Nissen fundoplication. These values did not differ significantly. Eighty-two per cent of the normal subjects had some degree of bile reflux, if an absorbance value > or = 0.14 was accepted as the threshold value for the presence of bile reflux.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bile reflux in normal individuals is frequent and not different from that in patients after a Nissen fundoplication. Surprisingly, the latter had bile reflux but no or minimal acid reflux. Factors other than bilirubin may interfere with the measurements.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Surgery D, Glostrup Hospital, Denmark.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okholm
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sørensen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wallin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boesby
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001655:Bile Reflux / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D018662:Fundoplication; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory; D013053:Spectrophotometry / Q000295:instrumentation; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D001663:Bilirubin