title: Comparison of cardiopulmonary effects of medetomidine-midazolam, acepromazine-butorphanol and midazolam-butorphanol in dogs.
abstract: Cardiopulmonary effects of intramuscular administration of medetomidine-midazolam at 20 micrograms/kg and 0.3 mg/kg, respectively (MM), acepromazine-butorphanol at 0.05 and 0.2 mg/kg, respectively (AB), and midazolam-butorphanol at 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg, respectively (MB), were compared in dogs. MM produced relatively large cardiovascular changes such as bradycardia, hypertension, a decrease in cardiac output and vasoconstriction. AB produced moderate cardiovascular changes. Hypotension was observed within 5 min after administration and the mean arterial blood pressure decreased by 30% at 20 min after administration. MB produced decreases in arterial blood pressure and cardiac output, but these changes were small and, of the combinations evaluated in this study, MB had the mildest cardiovascular effects.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mutoh
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takao
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsunaga
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mochizuki
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sasaki
mesh_terms: D000075:Acepromazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002077:Butorphanol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D004285:Dogs / Q000502:physiology*; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D020926:Medetomidine; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D011229:Preanesthetic Medication / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000662:veterinary*; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D007093:Imidazoles; D000075:Acepromazine; D020926:Medetomidine; D002077:Butorphanol; D008874:Midazolam