title: Elevated bladder urine concentration of transforming growth factor-beta1 correlates with upper urinary tract obstruction in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated urinary transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) concentration in children with upper urinary tract obstruction as a potential tool for supporting the diagnosis of clinically significant obstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Renal pelvic and bladder urine samples were obtained for analysis from 30 patients a median of 5 months old who underwent surgery for obstruction at the ureteropelvic (29) and ureterovesical (1)junctions. Urinary TGF-beta1 concentration was measured using a quantitative sandwich enzyme-linked immunoassay technique. Bladder urine TGF-beta1 in patients with obstruction was compared with that in controls. In addition, we compared renal pelvic and bladder urine TGF-beta1 in patients with obstruction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean bladder urine TGF-beta1 plus or minus standard error of mean was 4-fold higher in patients with upper tract obstruction than in controls (195 +/- 29 versus 47 +/- 7 pg./mg. creatinine, p <0.001). In the obstructed group mean TGF-beta1 in the renal pelvic urine was 378 +/-86 pg./mg. creatinine, or twice that of the bladder urine (p = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bladder urine TGF-beta1 in patients with upper urinary tract obstruction is significantly elevated compared with that in controls. To our knowledge our study is the first to identify a bladder urinary marker that correlates with upper urinary tract obstruction with greater than 90% sensitivity. Measuring TGF-beta1 in a voided bladder urine sample may provide an objective and noninvasive test for assisting in the diagnosis of upper urinary tract obstruction.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Urology, Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Furness
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maizels
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Cohn
authors.forename: E Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006869:Hydronephrosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta