title: Diabetes and disenrollment in a health maintenance organization setting: a 4-year longitudinal study with a matched cohort.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The increasing enrollment of Medicare beneficiaries in health maintenance organizations (HMOs) in recent years has caused concern about whether HMOs and their providers have created an unfavorable environment for members who are chronically ill. This study was designed to examine whether there are any differences in disenrollment rates among enrollees with diabetes and enrollees without diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a 4-year longitudinal follow-up study with a matched cohort. Medicare beneficiaries (aged > or =65 years) with diabetes identified through pharmacy records in 1994 were matched with a comparison group according to age, sex, comorbidities, and type of provider groups in an HMO in California.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall distribution of the characteristics of members in the diabetic and matched nondiabetic group is almost identical. The matched-pair chi2 tests indicated that there were no statistical differences in disenrollment rates between diabetic and nondiabetic members during all three follow-up periods (P = 0.16-0.85).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that the HMO members with diabetes did not disenroll from the HMO at a higher rate than those without diabetes. The findings should alleviate some of the concern that HMOs and their contracted providers have created an unattractive environment for members who have chronic diseases such as diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Health Benchmarks, Woodland Hills, California 91367-4901, USA. alegorreta@fhs.com
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Legorreta
authors.forename: Y Y
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Davidson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006279:Health Maintenance Organizations; D006801:Humans; D007342:Insurance Benefits; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D006278:Medicare; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D014481:United States