title: Ventricular outflow tracts after Kawashima intraventricular rerouting for double outlet right ventricle with subpulmonary ventricular septal defect.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether or not the ventricular outflow tracts can be efficiently constructed in patients with double outlet right ventricle with subpulmonary ventricular septal defect by the Kawashima intraventricular rerouting in which the morphologically right ventricular outlet is divided into two, one for the systemic and the other for the pulmonary circulations.
  
  
  METHODS
  The intraventricular rerouting procedure was carried out in nine patients with this particular malformation. Age at repair ranged from 35 days to 3 years old. The distance between the attachments of the tricuspid and the pulmonary valves was 10 mm or greater in all except one patient in whom the measured value was 3 mm. Resecting subaortic musculature appropriately, a tailored patch, either oval-shaped (in seven) or heart-shaped (in two), was placed to construct an unobstructed channel for the left ventricular outflow tract with its diameter greater than that of the anticipated normal aortic orifice at the time of repair. For an unobstructed channel to the pulmonary arteries, enlargement of the right ventricular outflow tract was carried out using a patch in six.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients survived the operative procedure. On postoperative catheterization, mean pulmonary arterial pressure was 15 +/- 8 mmHg, and cardiac index was calculated as 3.3 +/- 0.6 l/min per m2. It proved that the constructed left ventricular outflow tract can become larger in the longer term. Pressure gradient across the left ventricular outflow tract was greater than 20 mmHg in two patients in the intermediate term. One of these two underwent reoperation for the obstruction 10 years after the initial repair. It was suspected that use of a heart-shaped internal conduit, which seems to result from inadequate conal resection, was one of the possible causes of such obstruction in the longer term. Pressure gradient of 47 mmHg was seen across the right ventricular outflow tract in one patient, although this patient has undergone no reoperation. Enlargement of the right ventricular outflow tract could minimize postoperative obstruction for the pulmonary pathway.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The intraventricular rerouting remains one of the attractive surgical options for repair in this particular setting, in terms of successful construction of the ventricular outflow tracts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan. ykawahir@hsp.ncvc.go.jp
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawahira
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yagihara
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uemura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishizaka
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshizumi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kitamura
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D004310:Double Outlet Right Ventricle / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery*; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome