title: Functional hemitongue reconstruction with the microvascular ulnar forearm flap.
abstract: Thirteen patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue underwent full-thickness longitudinal resection of the hemitongue and immediate microvascular reconstruction using a large, contoured ulnar forearm flap. Six of the 13 patients had a composite resection for which an additional vascularized iliac crest graft was used to reconstruct the mandible and to provide support to the overlying contoured flap. To increase tongue mobility, the skin flap was designed for independent reconstruction of the hemitongue and the floor of mouth. Twelve patients were evaluated for swallowing and speech, including dietary assessment, cineradiography, and voice spectrographic analysis. Contrast cineradiography was performed to determine oral tongue mobility during the first phase of swallow. Nine patients with a narrow reconstructed tongue root and a large surface area in the floor of the mouth had good tongue mobility, allowing them to transfer food dynamically from the mouth into the pharynx for swallowing. The remaining three patients, who had a wide tongue root and an ill-defined floor of the mouth, had decreased tongue mobility and poor oral transport. The functional outcome of swallowing and speech strongly correlated with the shape of the root of the tongue, the proximity of the reconstructed tongue to the palate, and the surface area of the floor of the mouth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, USA. eatakaha@UCI.edu
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Salibian
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Allison
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Krugman
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Strelzow
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Brugman
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hoerauf
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: McMicken
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000601:surgery; D002933:Cineradiography; D003679:Deglutition; D005260:Female; D005927:Glossectomy / Q000534:rehabilitation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009055:Mouth / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D013065:Speech Intelligibility; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply; D014059:Tongue / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery