title: Modeling of air pollution and its relationship with mortality and morbidity in Madrid, Spain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluation of the association between air pollution and mortality and morbidity is becoming ever more complex owing to changes in inner-city air pollution, marked by decreasing values for all main pollutants save those associated with traffic. This has led to the need for the study of new epidemiological scenarios in which most pollutants are below guideline values. Nonetheless, the health effects are significant.
  
  
  METHODS
  This report presents the results of a statistically based model for real-time forecasting of mortality and morbidity in Madrid, with meteorological and pollution series serving as inputs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Not only did the models perform well with correlation coefficients between predicted and observed values (r = 0.683 for mortality, r = 0.681 for morbidity), but they enabled quantification of the impact of air pollution on mortality and morbidity (with increases ranging from 1. 8% to 12% for mortality and from 2.3% to 18% for morbidity for a 25-microg/m(3) increase in pollutants). Moreover, attention should be drawn to the observation that the model proved to be easy to implement and operate on a routine basis.
authors.affiliation: University School of Public Health (Centro Universitario de Salud Pública), Madrid, Spain. julio.diaz@uam.es
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Díaz
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ribera
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Alberdi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Pajares
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Otero
mesh_terms: D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004630:Emergencies / Q000453:epidemiology; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009017:Morbidity; D009026:Mortality; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods*; D012621:Seasons; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology