title: Tracheostomy in cardiosurgical patients: surgical tracheostomy versus ciaglia and fantoni methods.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation are not uncommon in a cardiosurgical intensive care unit. Elective tracheostomy is considered the airway treatment of choice in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  To evaluate different techniques for tracheostomy, we prospectively investigated 120 patients who had conventional open (n = 40), minimally invasive percutaneous dilatational (n = 40), or translaryngeal (n = 40) tracheostomy techniques. The main areas of investigation included oxygenation index (partial pressure of arterial oxygen divided by fraction of inspired oxygen), complications, infection, and cost.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The oxygenation index decreased in almost every patient, regardless of the technique used, but the extent of decrease was significantly lower in both minimally invasive techniques compared with the conventional method. Overall complication rate was 12.5% both in open tracheostomy and in percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy, whereas no complications occurred in translaryngeal tracheostomy procedures. Bacterial contamination of the tracheostomy site was found in 35% of the open tracheostomies, whereas no infection was seen in percutaneous dilatational or translaryngeal tracheostomies. In terms of costs, PDT ($506) and TLT ($362) were both much cheaper than open tracheostomy ($699).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percutaneous dilatational and translaryngeal tracheostomies are safe and cost-effective procedures that can be done easily at the patient's bedside and thus are attractive alternatives to conventional surgical tracheostomy in long-term airway access in a cardiosurgical intensive care unit.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, J.W. Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Westphal
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Byhahn
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rinne
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Wilke
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wimmer-Greinecker
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lischke
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001014:Aortic Aneurysm / Q000601:surgery; D020680:Bronchoscopes; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D003422:Critical Care; D019723:Endoscopes; D005260:Female; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012086:Reoperation; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D014139:Tracheostomy / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen