title: Extended aortic root replacement with aortic allografts or pulmonary autografts in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the early results and effectiveness of left ventricular outflow tract enlargement with aortic allograft or pulmonary autograft in children with complex left ventricular outflow tract obstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  The records of 30 children who underwent aortic root enlargement and replacement with either an aortic allograft (22 patients) or pulmonary autograft (8 patients) between January 1987 and June 1997 were reviewed. The predominant diagnosis was complex left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (n = 19), associated with aortic incompetence in 11 children. Before root enlargement, 27 children underwent surgical valvotomy (14 patients), balloon dilatation (10 patients), or both interventions (3 patients). Mean age at root enlargement was 5.4 +/- 3.5 years (range, 2 days-16 years). Most of the children (27 patients) underwent a Konno aortoventriculoplasty. Concomitant septal myectomy was performed in 4 children, mitral valve procedure in 5 children, and endocardial fibroelastosis resection in 1 child.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five children (17%) died in hospital. Four of these were infants less than 2 months old. All had acute aortic incompetence as the result of recent intervention necessitating urgent operation. The fifth child, aged 10 years, died of myocardial failure 2 weeks after the operation. During the follow-up period (mean length, 4.1 +/- 2.8 years), sudden death occurred in 1 child 3 months after the operation. Follow-up echocardiograms (obtained for 23 of the surviving 24 children within 3 +/- 2.3 years) showed a left ventricular outflow tract gradient reduced from a mean of 65 to 11 mm Hg (P =.001); Z value increased from a mean of -0.5 to 4.1 (P <. 001), and aortic incompetence was trivial or mild except in 2 children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urgent aortic root enlargement in decompensating neonates carries higher mortality rates. In older children, the early results of root enlargement and implantation of allograft or autograft are good.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children andthe University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Najm
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Coles
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Benson
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000637:transplantation*; D001022:Aortic Valve Insufficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011664:Pulmonary Valve / Q000637:transplantation*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D014019:Tissue Donors; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014694:Ventricular Outflow Obstruction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*