title: Characterization of the promoter region of the human melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) gene.
abstract: We sequenced 3201 bp upstream from the ATG translation start codon of the human melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R). A number of transcriptional initiation sites were detected over a region of approximately 600 base pairs upstream of the receptor coding region. These consist of GC-rich regions, each including SP-1 consensus binding motifs. Neither a TATA nor a CAAT box was found in this region. The 5'-flanking region also contains the consensus regulatory elements for AP-1, AP-2, and several E-boxes. Gel shift assays targeting the three GC boxes confirmed binding of SP-1. A promoter assay revealed that the minimal region exhibiting promoter activity was located between nucleotides -517 and -282 in human melanoma SK-Mel-2 cells. Further deletion from -517 to -447, which removed an SP-1 site, completely abolished luciferase activity. In conclusion, the MC1R promoter shares the characteristics of many other GPCR promoters. These characteristics include GC-rich sequence, lack of a TATA box, and binding of SP-1.
authors.affiliation: Shiseido Research Center, 1050 Nippa-cho, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, 223-8553, Japan. moro_osamu@po.shiseido.co.jp
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Moro
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ideta
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ifuku
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding; D018043:Receptors, Corticotropin / Q000235:genetics*; D044101:Receptors, Melanocortin; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D018043:Receptors, Corticotropin; D044101:Receptors, Melanocortin