title: Changing conditions and treatments in a dynamic cohort of ambulatory HIV patients: the HIV outpatient study (HOPS).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Most HIV-infected persons are now treated as ambulatory patients. Obtaining continually updated data about these patients' changing conditions, therapies, and reimbursement is essential to health care provision and planning. The systematic tracking of patient medical and laboratory information in an ongoing commercial data collection program (The Health Research Network) allows clinicians to better understand health outcomes, practice patterns, and epidemiologic trends for their patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  To evaluate trends in conditions and therapies of ambulatory HIV-infected patients, we analyzed such data electronically and prospectively collected in the HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS) from 1992 through 1996 from 1876 patients seen in 11,755 clinic visits to ten HIV clinical practices.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients were as likely to be diagnosed with Mycobacterium avium complex ([MAC] 5.4 cases per 100 person-years) or wasting syndrome (7.8 cases per 100 person-years), as Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia ([PCP]; 7.6 cases per 100 person-years) or Kaposi sarcoma ([KS]; 6.9 cases per 100 person-years). A nested analysis showed that HIV-infected cigarette smokers were at substantially greater risk of pneumonia (relative hazard [RH] = 2.3), bronchitis (RH = 1.7) and hairy leukoplakia (RH = 1.9) than nonsmokers. By 1996, 35 (56%) of 62 patients with PCP, 9 (30%) of 30 patients with other pneumonias, 28 (90%) of 31 patients with KS, 35 (73%) of 48 patients with MAC, and 24 (63%) of 38 patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis were treated without hospitalization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The HOPS provides continually updated information on the changing characteristics, conditions, and therapy of ambulatory HIV-infected patients.
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Moorman
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Holmberg
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Marlowe
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Von Bargen
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Yangco
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Palella
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Loveless
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fuhrer
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Aschman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents