title: A new azole derivative of 1,4-benzothiazine increases the antifungal mechanisms of natural effector cells.
abstract: The most widely used drug for treatment of candidiasis is fluconazole (FCZ). Recently, a new derivative of 1,4-benzothiazine, compound FS5, was developed. FS5 had an appreciable protective effect against murine candidiasis. The present study was designed to dissect the antifungal mechanisms triggered by FS5 and to establish whether this compound could enhance the antimicrobial abilities of natural effector cells. The results show that intraperitoneal injection of FS5 in mice (i) induced an increase in circulating neutrophil levels comparable to that observed in FCZ-treated mice; (ii) enhanced phagocytosis and the killing activities of macrophages (Mphis) isolated from the spleen or peritoneal cavity, with the latter effect correlating with induction of nitric oxide synthesis and production by Mphis; and (iii) increased the levels of expression and synthesis of tumor necrosis factor alpha. These results suggest that the compound-induced synthesis of antimicrobial and proinflammatory molecules by heterogeneous Mphi populations is part of the beneficial effect of FS5 exerted against murine candidiasis.
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pitzurra
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fringuelli
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Perito
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schiaffella
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barluzzi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bistoni
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vecchiarelli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001393:Azoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects*; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D051379:Mice; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D001393:Azoles; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D015725:Fluconazole