title: Which clinical anesthesia outcomes are important to avoid? The perspective of patients.
abstract: Healthcare quality can be improved by eliciting patient preferences and customizing care to meet the needs of the patient. The goal of this study was to quantify patients' preferences for postoperative anesthesia outcomes. One hundred one patients in the preoperative clinic completed a written survey. Patients were asked to rank (order) 10 possible postoperative outcomes from their most undesirable to their least undesirable outcome. Each outcome was described in simple language. Patients were also asked to distribute $100 among the 10 outcomes, proportionally more money being allocated to the more undesirable outcomes. The dollar allocations were used to determine the relative value of each outcome. Rankings and relative value scores correlated closely (r2 = 0.69). Patients rated from most undesirable to least undesirable (in order): vomiting, gagging on the tracheal tube, incisional pain, nausea, recall without pain, residual weakness, shivering, sore throat, and somnolence (F-test < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although there is variability in how patients rated postoperative outcomes, avoiding nausea/vomiting, incisional pain, and gagging on the endotracheal tube was a high priority for most patients. Whether clinicians can improve the quality of anesthesia by designing anesthesia regimens that most closely meet each individual patient's preferences for clinical outcomes deserves further study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University Medical Center, California 94305-5115, USA. amaca@leland.stanford.edu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Macario
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weinger
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carney
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000523:psychology; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D010361:Patients; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000523:psychology; D015895:Relative Value Scales; D016896:Treatment Outcome