title: Cocaine effects on immunocompetent cells: an observation of in vitro cocaine exposure.
abstract: This study investigated in vitro effects of cocaine on the function of T and B lymphocytes, natural killer cells and macrophages in a mouse model. In mature C57BL/6J mice (60-90 day-old), splenocytes were cultured with cocaine at different concentrations ranging from 4 to 64 microg/ml for 24 h. The exposure to cocaine in vitro was found to affect (1) T cell function, with reduced responses to stimulation of Con-A, PHA and Interleukin 2, and decreased production of gamma-IFN; (2) B cell function, with reduced response to LPS; (3) natural killer cell function, with attenuated killing capacity; (4) monocyte-macrophage function, with decreased ability to inhibit the growth of tumor cells. The results of the study indicated a direct cocaine effect on four major immune competent cells, and the generally suppressive effects of in vitro cocaine exposure may be related to its in vivo action on the immune system.
authors.affiliation: Maine Medical Center Research Institute, South Portland 04106, USA. zlang@ix.netcom.com
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Flick
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mitchel
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Knowles
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ault
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003042:Cocaine / Q000633:toxicity*; D007107:Immune System / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D007939:Leukemia L1210; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D007376:Interleukin-2; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D003042:Cocaine