title: Activation of 5-lipoxygenase and related cell membrane lipoperoxidation in hemodialysis patients.
abstract: Lipid peroxidation was shown at the membrane level in peripheral blood cells of patients hemodialyzed on cuprophan dialyzers, and was mainly attributable to the generation of conjugated hydroperoxides in the lipid bilayer. The oxidative index (i.e., the A234/205 ratio) of membrane lipids was 3.2-fold higher in hemodialysis patients than in healthy control subjects, and also the level of leukotriene B4 was significantly increased (up to 1.7-fold over control). Both membrane peroxidation and release of leukotriene B4 were linked to upregulation of 5-lipoxygenase activity (up to 2.4-fold over control) and expression at the protein level (up to 1.9-fold). Vitamin E, the most important lipophilic antioxidant, prevented both membrane peroxidation and release of leukotriene B4 by inhibiting 5-lipoxygenase activity without affecting enzyme expression. Similar results were observed in patients hemodialyzed on polymethylmetacrylate membranes, but in this case the activation of 5-lipoxygenase was less pronounced. The use of a purified 5-lipoxygenase demonstrated that vitamin E was a reversible inhibitor of enzyme activity (IC50 = 35 +/- 4 microM), further characterized as noncompetitive (Ki = 30 +/- 3 microM). Taken together, the results reported here shed some light on the mechanism responsible for the oxidative damage in hemodialysis. Moreover, the beneficial effect of vitamin E described here may have relevance for the therapy of patients with kidney disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maccarrone
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taccone-Gallucci
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Meloni
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cococcetta
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Di Villahermosa
authors.forename: C U
authors.initials: CU
authors.lastname: Casciani
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Finazzi-Agrò
mesh_terms: D001094:Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007975:Leukotriene B4 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D016859:Lipoxygenase Inhibitors; D008297:Male; D008563:Membrane Lipids / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D014511:Uremia / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D016859:Lipoxygenase Inhibitors; D008563:Membrane Lipids; D014810:Vitamin E; D007975:Leukotriene B4; D001094:Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase