title: Evidence for a p21(ras)/Raf-1/MEK-1/ERK-2-independent pathway in stimulation of IL-2 gene transcription in human primary T lymphocytes.
abstract: T cell stimulation leads to triggering of signals transmitted from the cell membrane to the nucleus through TCR/CD3 proteins. Characterization of these signals largely results from the use of cell lines stimulated with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies. These studies have established that activation caused a rapid increase in the formation of GTP-bound Ras, which stimulates the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway involving the extracellular-regulated kinase-2 (ERK-2) and activates the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NF-AT) that regulates interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene transcription. In the present study, we used human primary T cells, and we investigated the intracellular signals triggered by two different anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies (UCHT1 and X-35), which both strongly induce cell proliferation. We found that, in contrast to the commonly used UCHT1, X-35 activated IL-2 gene transcription without stimulation of the Raf-1/mitogen-activated ERK kinase-1 (MEK-1)/ERK-2 phosphorylation cascade; we also showed that X-35 stimulation, which triggers an ERK-2-independent pathway, does not involve activation of p21(ras). In addition to demonstrating that activation of p21(ras) and of its Raf-1/MEK-1/ERK-2 effector pathway is not an event obligatorily triggered upon TCR/CD3 ligation, these results provide the first evidence of the existence of a p21(ras)/ERK-2-independent pathway for IL-2 gene transcription in human primary T lymphocytes.
authors.affiliation: Lymphocyte Activation Laboratory, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London, United Kingdom WC2A 3PX.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lafont
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ottones
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liautard
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Favero
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; C501009:HRAS protein, human; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)