title: Effect of coadministration of caffeine and either adenosine agonists or cyclic nucleotides on ketorolac analgesia.
abstract: Caffeine potentiation of ketorolac-induced antinociception in the pain-induced functional impairment model in rats was assessed. Caffeine alone was ineffective, but increased the effect of ketorolac without affecting its pharmacokinetics. Intra-articular administration of adenosine and N6-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA, an adenosine A1 receptor agonist), but not 2-p-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine hydrochloride (CGS-21680, an adenosine A2A receptor agonist), significantly increased ketorolac antinociception. This effect was not local, as contralateral administration was also effective. Ipsilateral and contralateral administration of adenosine and CHA also increased antinociception by ketorolac-caffeine. Intra-articular 8-Bromo-adenosine cyclic 3',5'-hydrogen phosphate sodium or 8-Bromo-guanosine-3',5'-cyclophosphate sodium (cGMP) given ipsilaterally or contralaterally did not affect ketorolac-induced antinociception. Nevertheless, ipsilateral, but not contralateral, administration of 8-Br-cGMP significantly increased antinociception by ketorolac-caffeine, suggesting a local effect. The results suggest that caffeine potentiation of ketorolac antinociception is mediated, at least partially, by a local increase in cGMP and rule out the participation of adenosine receptor blockade.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, DF Mexico, Mexico.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Aguirre-Bañuelos
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Castañeda-Hernández
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: López-Muñoz
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Granados-Soto
mesh_terms: D015124:8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000287:Administration, Topical; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D003514:Cyclohexylamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005260:Female; D020910:Ketorolac / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D058906:Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D003514:Cyclohexylamines; D058906:Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists; D015124:8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate; C016276:8-bromocyclic GMP; D002110:Caffeine; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D020910:Ketorolac