title: The nuclear transcription factor NF-kappaB mediates interleukin-1beta-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in human myometrial cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Up-regulation of prostaglandin production by gestational tissues in the setting of intrauterine infection has been implicated as an important contributor to preterm labor and parturition. In this study we investigated the possible role of the nuclear transcription factor NF-kappaB in interleukin-1 signaling, leading to the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 and prostaglandin production in human myometrial cell cultures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human myometrial smooth muscle cells from an immortalized line were used as a model system between passages 20 and 35. Growth-arrested cell cultures were stimulated with human recombinant interleukin 1, and the activation of NF-kappaB was assessed by the degradation of the inhibitory protein IkappaB-alpha (Western analysis), as well as by nuclear binding of NF-kappaB by using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The abundance of cyclooxygenase-2 messenger ribonucleic acid and protein was measured by Northern and Western analyses, whereas prostaglandin (prostaglandin I(2 ) and prostaglandin E(2 )) production was determined by specific radioimmunoassays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Within 15 minutes of stimulation with interleukin 1, 90% of IkappaB-alpha was degraded. This was temporally associated with nuclear translocation and binding of NF-kappaB. Within 30 minutes, cyclooxygenase 2 messenger ribonucleic acid appeared, with steady-state levels increasing up to 4 hours. This was followed by an up to 80-fold increase in cyclooxygenase 2 protein and a corresponding time-dependent increase in prostaglandin production. When IkappaB-alpha degradation was blocked with calpain I inhibitor, NF-kappaB translocation, cyclooxygenase 2 messenger ribonucleic acid and protein expression, and prostaglandin synthesis were also inhibited.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stimulation of human myometrial cells with interleukin 1 leads to rapid activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB, which is functionally linked to the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 messenger ribonucleic acid, protein, and prostaglandin synthesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacological Science, St. Louis University, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Belt
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Baldassare
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Molnár
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hertelendy
mesh_terms: D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011464:Epoprostenol / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics*; D007700:Kinetics; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009215:Myometrium / Q000201:enzymology*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D011464:Epoprostenol; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D015232:Dinoprostone