title: Metabolic activation and inactivation of metanil yellow and orange II in the Salmonella typhimurium his-reversion assay.
abstract: Among a variety of experimental protocols used, the combined use of 0.5% dextrose in bottom agar and 1 micromol of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) in preincubation mixtures without fraction S9 mix resulted in the highest level of induced Salmonella typhimurium his reversions with both dyes metanil yellow and orange 11 with strain TA100. Strain TA98 yielded notably lower levels of reversions under the same conditions. The presence of uninduced hamster liver S9 fraction resulted in a weak mutagenic response while Aroclor 1254-induced rat liver S9 fraction resulted in the complete absence of mutagenicity with both strains and with both dyes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003, USA.
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Rastogi
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Levin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D001557:Benzenesulfonates / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D001711:Biotransformation; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D006224:Cricetinae; D005505:Food Coloring Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D008647:Mesocricetus; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D001391:Azo Compounds; D001557:Benzenesulfonates; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005505:Food Coloring Agents; D009153:Mutagens; C005108:metanil yellow; C014722:2-naphthol orange