title: Brain lesions: when should fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery sequences be used in MR evaluation?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare qualitatively and quantitatively the contrast of brain lesions detected with fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (FLAIR) and intermediate-weighted sequences at magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective study, 47 patients suspected of having a brain lesion underwent MR imaging with FLAIR, intermediate-weighted, and T2-weighted sequences. Qualitative assessment was performed of lesion conspicuity, detection, overall image artifact, and additional clinical information. Contrast and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were calculated between lesions and the normal brain or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
  
  
  RESULTS
  FLAIR images were equal to intermediate-weighted images for overall lesion conspicuity and detection but were associated more often with image artifacts. Lesion-to-background contrast was significantly higher on FLAIR than on intermediate-weighted images. FLAIR images failed to demonstrate multiple sclerosis (MS) plaques located in the basal ganglia and brain stem.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although FLAIR images provided additional information in some cases, they did not have distinct advantages over intermediate-weighted images. When cases of MS are evaluated, intermediate-weighted images are preferable to FLAIR images. Except in cases of MS, either FLAIR or intermediate-weighted sequences should be added to T2-weighted sequences at MR imaging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okuda
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Korogi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shigematsu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugahara
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ikushima
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement; D007223:Infant; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values