title: Measurements of free and total PSA, tissue polypeptide-specific antigen (TPS), and CYFRA 21-1 in prostate cancer patients under intermittent androgen suppression therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present study evaluated monthly measurements of free and total prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and the tumor proliferation markers tissue polypeptide-specific antigen (TPS) and cytokeratin fragment 21-1 (CYFRA 21-1) in patients with advanced prostate cancer receiving intermittent androgen suppression therapy (IAS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-four men received alternating cycles of 8 month androgen suppression and treatment cessation (mean duration, 10.3 months) until PSA increased to >20 microg/l. Measurements of testosterone, percentage of free PSA, TPS, and CYFRA 21-1 were performed using ELISA and RIA assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Periods of androgen suppression resulted in reversible reductions of testosterone (from 6 +/- 0.8 to <0.58 ng/ml), PSA (from 31.2 +/- 4.5 to <1.7 microg/l), and prostatic volume (mean reduction, 22.2 +/- 4.6%), indicating apoptotic regression of the tumors. Upon treatment cessation, testosterone increased to 6.1 +/- 0.56 ng/ml within 2 months, followed by an increase of PSA to 5.8 +/- 0.8 microg/l. The mean percentage of free PSA (15.1 +/- 2.6%) exhibited no significant change during the whole IAS cycle. TPS showed a decrease of 50% after 3 months, and CYFRA 21-1 a 25% decrease after 7 months of androgen suppression treatment. During treatment cessation, TPS exceeded the normal cutoff value of 90 U/l late in tumor regrowth (9-11 months), whereas CYFRA 21-1 remained below the normal cutoff value of 3.3 ng/ml.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PSA is the best and most sensitive marker of prostate cancer regression and regrowth during IAS cycles of the markers tested in this study. Free PSA constitutes approximately 15% of total PSA (range, 5-32%), and its percentage showed no significant change during IAS cycles. The TPS and CYFRA 21-1 proliferation marker changes in IAS seem to be related mainly to effects on normal androgen-dependent tissues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Wilhelminenspital der Stadt Wien, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Theyer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dürer
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Theyer
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Haberl
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ulsperger
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Baumgartner
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hamilton
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000097:blood*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D053539:Keratin-19; D007633:Keratins; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010455:Peptides / Q000097:blood*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D053539:Keratin-19; D010455:Peptides; C102012:antigen CYFRA21.1; C089984:tissue polypeptide specific antigen; D007633:Keratins; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen