title: Effects of photodynamic therapy using verteporfin on experimental choroidal neovascularization and normal retina and choroid up to 7 weeks after treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the long-term effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT), using liposomal benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD) or Verteporfin, on experimental choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and on normal retina and choroid (with no CNV) in the cynomolgus monkey eye.
  
  
  METHODS
  Photodynamic therapy was performed in 8 cynomolgus monkey eyes with experimental CNV induced by laser injury. The effect of PDT on normal retina and choroid (with no CNV) was studied in 9 monkey eyes. Liposomal BPD was administered intravenously (0.375 mg/kg) either as a bolus, as a slow infusion over 32 minutes, or as a fast infusion over 10 minutes. Photodynamic therapy was performed using light at a wavelength of 689 or 692 nm, with an irradiance of 600 mW/cm2 and fluence of 150 J/cm2. Follow-up studies, including fundus photography and FA, were performed at 24 hours after PDT and then weekly. Indocyanine green and BPD angiography were performed in selected cases. Tissues were examined with light and electron microscopy at the end of follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-three of the 32 areas of CNV treated with PDT showed absence of angiographic leakage at 24 hours. Twenty-eight areas of CNV were followed for 4 weeks; 22 of 28 showed absence of angiographic leakage at 2 weeks; and 20 of 28 at 4 weeks of follow-up. Forty spots on the normal retina and choroid were treated with PDT and were followed for 4 to 7 weeks. These spots showed pigment-laden cells in the outer retina, variably pigmented retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in the treated area, intact neurosensory retina, and reperfusion of the choriocapillaris.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Photodynamic therapy leads to absence of angiographic leakage for at least 4 weeks in experimental CNV in the monkey model. In the normal monkey eye the RPE and choriocapillaris show generalized recovery with preservation of the neurosensory retina 7 weeks after PDT.
authors.affiliation: Laser Research Laboratory, Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Husain
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Kenny
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Michaud
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Flotte
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Gragoudas
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D002829:Choroid / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D020256:Choroidal Neovascularization / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008081:Liposomes; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011166:Porphyrins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012160:Retina / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D000077362:Verteporfin
chemical_list: D008081:Liposomes; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D011166:Porphyrins; D000077362:Verteporfin; D007208:Indocyanine Green