title: Cervical Papanicolaou smear abnormalities in inner city Bronx adolescents: prevalence, progression, and immune modifiers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to quantify the prevalence of cervical smear abnormalities in sexually active adolescents and identify the effect of immune-modifying conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred seventy-one females ages 13-22 years attending a clinic for sexually transmitted disease (STD) evaluation had cervical Papanicoloau (Pap) smears and completed sexual history questionnaires. Results of all follow-up Pap smears were obtained. Medical charts were available for 54 patients with cytologic follow-up and were reviewed for the presence of immune-modifying conditions. Follow-up smear results for patients with and without immune-modifying conditions were compared. Abnormality rates for all cervical smears seen in 1995 at Montefiore Medical Center were also obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The smear abnormality rate for adolescents was 20. 7% (abnormal squamous cells of undetermined significance [ASCUS], 12. 2%; low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion [LGSIL], 7.7%; high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion [HGSIL], 0.7%) compared with all adult females, for whom the rate was 13.2% (ASCUS, 9.9%; LGSIL, 2.5%; HGSIL, 0.6%; carcinoma 0.2%) (P < 0.0002). Of 20 initial ASCUS patients, 6 (30%) showed LGSIL or HGSIL on follow-up. Chart review allowed the clinical immune status of 54 patients to be determined. Of 14 patients with an immune-modifying condition (9 HIV positive patients, 3 receiving oral steroids, 1 liver transplant patient receiving steroids, and 1 with intestinal lymphangiectasia), 11 (78. 6%) developed or maintained an abnormality on cytologic follow-up. Of 40 patients with no identifiable immune-modifying condition, 11 (27.5%) developed or maintained an abnormality on cytologic follow-up (P < 0.00082).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sexually active adolescents are at higher risk of developing a significant cervical smear abnormality, especially LGSIL. Patients with an atypical Pap smear or immune-modifying condition require more attentive gynecologic monitoring. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol)
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10467, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Edelman
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Alderman
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Neal
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Silver
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Spigland
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suhrland
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D065006:Papanicolaou Test; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012747:Sexual Partners; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D014626:Vaginal Smears; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology