Carbon-11 epidepride: a suitable radioligand for PET investigation of striatal and extrastriatal dopamine D2 receptors.
Epidepride [(S)-(-)-N-([1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl]methyl)-5-iodo-2,3-dimethoxybenza mide] binds with a picomolar affinity (Ki = 24 pM) to the dopamine D2 receptor. Iodine-123-labeled epidepride has been used previously to study striatal and extrastriatal dopamine D2 receptors with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Our aim was to label epidepride with carbon-11 for comparative quantitative studies between positron emission tomography (PET) and SPECT. Epidepride was synthesized from its bromo-analogue FLB 457 via the corresponding trimethyl-tin derivative. In an alternative synthetic pathway, the corresponding substituted benzoic acid was reacted with the optically pure aminomethylpyrrolidine-derivative. Demethylation of epidepride gave the desmethyl-derivative, which was reacted with [11C]methyl triflate. Total radiochemical yield was 40-50% within a total synthesis time of 30 min. The specific radioactivity at the end of synthesis was 37-111 GBq/micromol (1,000-3,000 Ci/mmol). Human postmortem whole-hemisphere autoradiography demonstrated dense binding in the caudate putamen, and also in extrastriatal areas such as the thalamus and the neocortex. The binding was inhibited by unlabeled raclopride. PET studies in a cynomolgus monkey demonstrated high uptake in the striatum and in several extrastriatal regions. At 90 min after injection, uptake in the striatum, thalamus and neocortex was about 11, 4, and 2 times higher than in the cerebellum, respectively. Pretreatment experiment with unlabeled raclopride (1 mg/kg) inhibited 50-70% of [11C]epidepride binding. The fraction of unchanged [11C]epidepride in monkey plasma determined by a gradient high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was about 30% of the total radioactivity at 30 min after injection of [11C]epidepride. The availability of [11C]epidepride allows the PET-verification of the data obtained from quantitation studies with SPECT.
Langer
O
O
Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Halldin
C
C
Dollé
F
F
Swahn
C G
CG
Olsson
H
H
Karlsson
P
P
Hall
H
H
Sandell
J
J
Lundkvist
C
C
Vaufrey
F
F
Loc'h
C
C
Crouzel
C
C
Mazière
B
B
Farde
L
L
D001345:Autoradiography; D001549:Benzamides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D020891:Raclopride / Q000494:pharmacology; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
D001549:Benzamides; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; C063525:epidepride; D020891:Raclopride