title: New concepts of histological changes in experimental augmentation cystoplasty: insights into the development of neoplastic transformation at the enterovesical and gastrovesical anastomosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To our knowledge the pathogenesis of malignancy associated with ileal cystoplasty, ureterosigmoidostomy and ileal conduits is currently unknown. To gain further insights into the mechanism of neoplastic transformation we studied histological changes in a canine augmentation cystoplasty model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Enterocystoplasty and gastrocystoplasty were performed using a 5 to 7 cm. patch of ileum in 8 dogs and gastric antrum in 6. Specimens were harvested 4 months postoperatively. Representative 3 microm sections of the enterovesical and gastrovesical junctions were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Uroplakin expression was assessed using an indirect peroxidase method subjected to double staining with alcian blue and periodic acid-Schiffreagent.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The bladder portion of the augmentation cystoplasty had 3 to 4 stratified cell layers covered with a distinctive umbrella cell layer. Strong uroplakin staining was visible in all cell layers except the basal layer. At the enterovesical and gastrovesical junctions 6 to 10 layers of hyperplastic, urothelial appearing cells covered the glandular epithelium of the ileal and gastric segments. These cells expressed uroplakins. At this junction zone there was a marked decrease of underlying enteric glands, which had atrophied in proportion to the degree of urothelial hyperplasia. Double staining of uroplakin stained sections with alcian blue and periodic acid-Schiff reagent revealed mucosubstances in hyperplastic urothelial cells covering the enteral segments, indicating that the cells co-expressed uroplakins and mucins.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Histological changes in this experimental canine model of augmentation cystoplasty indicated that the overgrowth of hyperplastic transitional epithelium develops at the enterovesical and gastrovesical junctions. These cells express not only uroplakins, but also mucosubstances. Our results suggest that the migrated hyperplastic urothelial cells have undergone changes characteristic of the enteric and gastric epithelium, which may have important implications in the pathogenesis of malignancy in bladder augmentations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Gitlin
authors.forename: X R
authors.initials: XR
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: T T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Ritchey
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shapiro
mesh_terms: D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D004285:Dogs; D007082:Ileum / Q000637:transplantation*; D011706:Pyloric Antrum / Q000637:transplantation*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D019459:Urothelium / Q000473:pathology