title: Correlation between urinary cortisol and 6-sulphatoxymelatonin rhythms in field studies of blind subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Blind individuals have different types of circadian rhythm disorders. In order to study these in the field reliable markers of circadian phase are required. The aim of the present study was to determine the usefulness of urinary cortisol as a marker rhythm in field studies. This was assessed by investigating the relationship between the cortisol rhythms and the previously determined melatonin rhythms from a large sample of blind people with different types of circadian rhythm disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Field study
  
  
  METHODS
  Registered blind subjects (n = 49) classified as having light perception or better (n = 19, 12 men, 7 women, aged 23-61 years) or having no conscious perception of light (n = 30, 24 men, 6 women, aged 19-72 years) were studied in their normal environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sequential 4-hourly urine samples (plus an overnight sample) were collected for 48 h each week for 3-5 weeks. Urinary cortisol and 6-sulphatoxymelatonin were measured by radioimmunoassay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Irrespective of the type of circadian rhythm (entrained or free-running), there was a significant correlation between the characteristics of the 6-sulphatoxymelatonin and cortisol rhythms in the blind subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urinary cortisol is recommended as a useful marker of circadian phase in field studies in addition to urinary 6-sulphatoxymelatonin measurements.
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Skene
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Lockley
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arendt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D001766:Blindness / Q000652:urine*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D008550:Melatonin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000652:urine; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C054513:6-sulfatoxymelatonin; D008550:Melatonin; D006854:Hydrocortisone