title: Liver transplantation in the Nordic countries, 1982-1998: changes of indications and improving results.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Liver transplantation has become an established therapeutic option for patients with life-threatening liver disease. The aim of the present study was to analyse the results of and developments in liver transplantation in the Nordic countries during a 15-year period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on all patients receiving a liver allograft in the Nordic countries during 1982-98 and waiting list data for all patients listed for a liver transplantation after 1989 were obtained from the Nordic Liver Transplantation Registry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1485 first liver transplantations were performed during 1982-98. The annual number of first liver transplantations increased steadily up to 1993, thereafter remaining around 150-170 per year. There are major differences between countries both in the number of transplants adjusted to populations performed per year, with more than twice as many performed in Sweden as in Norway, and in the relative distribution of patients in accordance with diagnosis. The number of patients more than 60 years old increased and comprised 13%-14% of the total patient population during 1996-98. Primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, acute hepatic failure, malignant liver disease, and alcoholic cirrhosis are the five most frequent diagnoses. The over-all 1-year patient survival probability has increased from 66% among patients receiving a transplant in 1982-89 to 83% in 1995-1998. The waiting time remains stable, with a median waiting time of 35 days during 1990-98. The mortality of patients while on the waiting list is 7.4% and is not increasing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of liver transplantation in the Nordic countries are very similar to those obtained in other countries. Waiting time and mortality remain low. There are, however, major differences between the countries both as to the number of transplantations performed and as to distribution of diagnoses.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Medicine A, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bjøro
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Friman
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Höckerstedt
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kirkegaard
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Keiding
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schrumpf
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olausson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oksanen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Isoniemi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hjortrup
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bergan
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Ericzon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015209:Cholangitis, Sclerosing / Q000601:surgery; D016021:Epidemiologic Studies; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007055:Iceland / Q000453:epidemiology; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D007223:Infant; D008104:Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic / Q000601:surgery; D008105:Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary / Q000601:surgery; D017114:Liver Failure, Acute / Q000601:surgery; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012042:Registries; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012086:Reoperation; D012537:Scandinavian and Nordic Countries / Q000453:epidemiology; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014019:Tissue Donors; D014850:Waiting Lists