title: The effectiveness of glucocorticoids in treating croup: meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effectiveness of glucocorticoid treatment in children with croup.
  
  
  METHODS
  Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials that examine the effectiveness of glucocorticoid treatment in children with croup.
  
  
  METHODS
  Score on scale measuring severity of croup, use of cointerventions (adrenaline (epinephrine), antibiotics, or supplemental glucocorticoids), length of stay in accident and emergency or in hospital, and rate of hospitalisation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty four studies met the inclusion criteria. Glucocorticoid treatment was associated with an improvement in the croup severity score at 6 hours with an effect size of -1.0 (95% confidence interval -1.5 to -0.6) and at 12 hours -1.0 (-1.6 to -0.4); at 24 hours this improvement was no longer significant (-1.0, -2.0 to 0.1). There was a decrease in the number of adrenaline treatments needed in children treated with glucocorticoids: a decrease of 9% (95% confidence interval 2% to 16%) among those treated with budesonide and of 12% (4% to 20%) among those treated with dexamethasone. There was also a decrease in the length of time spent in accident and emergency (-11 hours, 95% confidence interval -18 to 4 hours), and for inpatients hospital stay was reduced by 16 hours (-31 to 1 hour). Publication bias seems to play a part in these results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dexamethasone and budesonide are effective in relieving the symptoms of croup as early as 6 hours after treatment. Fewer cointerventions are used and the length of time spent in hospital is decreased in patients treated with glucocorticoids.
authors.affiliation: Thomas C Chalmer's Center for Systematic Reviews, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8LI, Canada.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ausejo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saenz
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Kellner
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Moher
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Klassen
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003440:Croup / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007902:Length of Stay; D017594:Publication Bias; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000592:standards; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids