title: Angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene polymorphism, coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. An angiographically controlled study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the association between insertion/deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) gene, the presence and extent of coronary artery disease, and myocardial infarction.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The D allele of the ACE gene has been associated with coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction, but this association has been challenged in epidemiological studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine hundred and sixty-nine men and 341 women undergoing coronary angiography were studied. The ACE genotypes were assessed by polymerase chain reaction from genomic deoxyribonucleic acid, homozygosity for the D allele was controlled using an insertion-specific primer. Coronary artery disease was defined by angiographic criteria, the extent of coronary artery disease by the number of coronary arteries with >/=50% lumen narrowing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ACE genotypes did not differ in terms of age, sex, body mass index, blood pressure, plasma lipids or lipoproteins. We found no association between the ACE genotypes and coronary artery disease (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval in DD genotypes for coronary artery disease in men 0.97, 0.70-1.36; in women 1.56, 0.95-2.57), extent of coronary artery disease (men 1.17, 0.85-1.61; women 1.24, 0.65-2.34), or myocardial infarction among the patients with coronary artery disease (men 1.07, 0.78-1.48; women 0.95, 0.50-1.76). The ACE genotype was not associated with coronary artery disease or myocardial infarction in hypertensives (n=771; odds ratio for coronary artery disease 0.93, 0.65-1.34; odds ratio for myocardial infarction 0.94, 0.66-1.33), or in patients </=60 years (n=649; odds ratio for coronary artery disease 1.05, 0.72-1.52; odds ratio for myocardial infarction 0.96, 0.63-1.47).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ACE insertion/deletion gene polymorphism is associated neither with the prevalence nor the extent of coronary artery disease, nor with myocardial infarction in this relatively large sample of Caucasian men and women. Genotyping for ACE insertion/deletion polymorphism is not useful in assessing the individual risk of coronary artery disease or myocardial infarction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Clinical Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pfohl
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prescod
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Haase
authors.forename: H U
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Häring
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Karsch
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D015331:Cohort Studies; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D017931:DNA Primers; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000235:genetics*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A