title: The relationship of arsenic levels in drinking water and the prevalence rate of skin lesions in Bangladesh.
abstract: To determine the relationship of arsenic-associated skin lesions and degree of arsenic exposure, a cross-sectional study was conducted in Bangladesh, where a large part of the population is exposed through drinking water. Four villages in Bangladesh were identified as mainly dependent on wells contaminated with arsenic. We interviewed and examined 1,481 subjects [Greater/equal to] 30 years of age in these villages. A total of 430 subjects had skin lesions (keratosis, hyperpigmentation, or hypopigmentation). Individual exposure assessment could only be estimated by present levels and in terms of a dose index, i.e., arsenic levels divided by individual body weight. Arsenic water concentrations ranged from 10 to 2,040 microg/L, and the crude overall prevalence rate for skin lesions was 29/100. After age adjustment to the world population the prevalence rate was 30. 1/100 and 26.5/100 for males and females, respectively. There was a significant trend for the prevalence rate both in relation to exposure levels and to dose index (p < 0.05), regardless of sex. This study shows a higher prevalence rate of arsenic skin lesions in males than females, with clear dose-response relationship. The overall high prevalence rate in the studied villages is an alarming sign of arsenic exposure and requires an urgent remedy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Health and Environment, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tondel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Magnuson
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Chowdhury
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Faruquee
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ahmad
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis*; D020261:Arsenic Poisoning / Q000150:complications*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D001151:Arsenic