title: Risk of Clostridium botulinum type E toxin production in blue crab meat packaged in four commercial-type containers.
abstract: The aim of this investigation was to determine if a risk of Clostridium botulinum growth and toxin production existed in four different packaged crabmeat products. Freshly picked blue crab meat was inoculated with 10(3) to 10(4) spores per g of a mixed pool of four strains of C. botulinum type E (Beluga, Minnesota, G21-5, and 070). The lump crabmeat was packaged in four different packaging containers: (i) 12-oz copolymer polyethylene cups currently used by most crab processors; (ii) 12-oz copolymer polyethylene cups with heat-shrink, tamper-evident low-density polypropylene seals; (iii) 8-oz copolymer polyethylene cups with easy-open aluminum ends: and (iv) 8-oz copolymer polypropylene cups with integral tamper-evident pull-tabs. The packages were stored at either 4 degrees C for 21 days or 10 degrees C for 15 days. Storage at 10 degrees C was used to simulate temperature abuse. The mouse bioassay was used to detect the presence of C. botulinum toxin. Psychotrophic and anaerobic populations were enumerated and were found to increase with time regardless of packaging type. No botulinum toxin was detected in any of the four packaging types stored at 4 degrees C or 10 degrees C throughout the entire storage period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Garren
authors.forename: Y W
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Gates
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000032:analysis*; D003386:Brachyura / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology*; D003014:Clostridium botulinum / Q000378:metabolism*; D005511:Food Handling; D018857:Food Packaging; D008460:Meat / Q000382:microbiology; D020959:Polyethylene; D012758:Shellfish / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D020959:Polyethylene; D001905:Botulinum Toxins; C096326:botulinum toxin type E