title: A phase II/pharmacokinetic trial of high-dose progesterone in combination with paclitaxel.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of high-dose progesterone, an inhibitor of P glycoprotein, on the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of paclitaxel.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 29 patients with various tumors were treated with single-agent paclitaxel (125 mg/m2 administered over 3 h once every 3 weeks) until progression of disease, at which point high-dose progesterone (3 g administered i.v. over 24 h) was added to the paclitaxel treatment program in 20 patients (13 women, 7 men). Pharmacokinetic studies of paclitaxel administered alone and with progesterone were performed in eight patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pharmacokinetic parameters of paclitaxel were highly variable. High-dose progesterone increased the peak plasma levels (3.00 +/- 0.94 vs. 4.15 +/- 1.63 microM; P = 0.029; mean +/- SD) and the area under the curve (AUC; 14.3 +/- 4.75 vs. 17.3 +/- 5.59 microM x h; P = 0.006) of paclitaxel. The absolute neutrophil and platelet nadir counts did not differ significantly between the paclitaxel and the combined treatment cycles. Three of the 20 patients documented to have progressive disease on paclitaxel alone had partial responses when high-dose progesterone was added to the paclitaxel regimen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Progesterone had a statistically significant impact on the pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel. The addition of high-dose progesterone to paclitaxel is feasible, but the small number of patients prevents conclusions being drawn about the clinical efficacy of combined progesterone and paclitaxel.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Oncology, University of Bern, Inselspital, Switzerland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aebi
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Schnider
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Los
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Heath
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Darrah
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kirmani
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: McClay
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: D'Agostino
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Plaxe
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fink
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: De las Alas
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Howell
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Christen
mesh_terms: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019540:Area Under Curve; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011374:Progesterone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D011374:Progesterone; D017239:Paclitaxel