title: G2/M checkpoint is p53-dependent and independent after irradiation in five human sarcoma cell lines.
abstract: To determine the role of p53 in G2/M arrest, G2/M transition and apoptosis, we investigated five human sarcoma cell lines with different p53 gene status in their response to X-rays. The p53 status of the cell lines was mutant (US 8-93, LMS 6-93 and RD), null (SAOS-2) and wildtype (A-204). Clonogenic survival of the cell lines varied as the survival fraction at 2 Gy (SF2) ranged from 0.28 to 0.79. Compared with the mutated p53 cell lines (SF2 with a range from 0.46 to 0.79) the clonogenic survival of the wildtype p53 (wt-p53) cell line A-204 (SF2 = 0.34) was lower. The p53 null cell line (SAOS-2) was also sensitive to X-rays (SF2 = 0.28). We detected, in all cell lines a similar behavior in their response to irradiation with G2/M arrest and apoptosis. However, the maximal rate of apoptosis with a range from 7.0 to 18.0% was rather small. The decrease of G2/M cells was coupled with an increased percentage of apoptotic cells. However, a different delay in G2/M did not result in a change of radiation sensitivity. Western analyses showed an increased P53 level only for the cell line A-204 (wt-p53) after irradiation. Our results point out that there is not always a simple relationship between p53 gene status and radiation sensitivity. We suggest, that wt-p53 plays an active role in G2/M arrest and in decreasing the number of G2/M cells as a response to apoptosis. Therefore, p53-dependent regulation in G2/M may be as important as p53-independent mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy (University Halle-Wittenberg), Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bache
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dunst
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Würl
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fröde
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meye
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Rath
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Taubert
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects; D016195:G2 Phase / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000528:radiation effects; D016158:Genes, p53; D006801:Humans; D008677:Metaphase / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D011836:Radiation Tolerance / Q000235:genetics; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000528:radiation effects; D014410:Tumor Stem Cell Assay; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53