Colony-stimulating factors in rapid eye movement sleep and non-rapid eye movement sleep regulation.
Although several cytokines are known to be somnogenic, no study has been conducted to examine whether colony-stimulating factors (CSF) affect sleep. Therefore, we studied the effects of granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF) and macrophage CSF (M-CSF) on sleep in rats and their possible mechanism of action. At the dose of 10 pmol, GM-CSF or M-CSF significantly increased both non-rapid eye movement and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep or REM sleep only when infused intracerebroventricularly during the dark period. When injected locally in the hypothalamus, GM-CSF and M-CSF increased nitric oxide (NO) production. Thus, NOergic neural signals in the hypothalamus may take part in the somnogenic action of CSF.
Kimura
M
M
Division of Biocybernetics, Institute for Medical and Dental Engineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.
Kodama
T
T
Honda
Y
Y
Zhang
S Q
SQ
Inoué
S
S
D000818:Animals; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000502:physiology*; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000502:physiology; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000502:physiology*; D012895:Sleep, REM / Q000502:physiology*
D009569:Nitric Oxide; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor