title: Active immunoneutralization of somatostatin in the sheep: effects on gastrointestinal somatostatin expression, storage and secretion.
abstract: In the absence of somatostatin antagonists, somatostatin antisera administered acutely or animals chronically immunized against somatostatin have been used to define the functions of somatostatin. However, the circulating immunoglobulins from immunized animals may contain substantial quantities of endogenous hormones. This has not been examined for somatostatin. We have measured the amount of free somatostatin bound to circulating immunoglobulins in somatostatin-immunized animals and the effect of this sequestering of the free peptide on somatostatin secretion and gastric somatostatin synthesis and storage. The average concentration of somatostatin bound to the antisera was 6.9 nmol/l, about 1000-fold higher than normal circulating levels. Compared to control animals, there was a doubling of somatostatin mRNA in the fundus and a 4-fold increase in fundic somatostatin peptide. Similar increases were seen in pancreas, but the antrum was not significantly affected providing further evidence of distinct regulatory mechanisms between the antrum and fundus. We suggest that withdrawal of active somatostatin activates a regulatory loop to increase fundic somatostatin biosynthesis and storage. The data support the concept that somatostatin autoregulates its own expression at both the RNA and peptide level.
authors.affiliation: University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, Victoria, Australia. shulkes@austin.unimelb.edu.au
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shulkes
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kolivas
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Whitley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D000936:Antigen-Antibody Complex / Q000097:blood; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004064:Digestive System / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007106:Immune Sera / Q000097:blood; D007114:Immunization / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D012756:Sheep; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D000936:Antigen-Antibody Complex; D007106:Immune Sera; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013004:Somatostatin