title: A methodology for studying the effects of various types of prosthetic feet on the biomechanics of trans-femoral amputee gait.
abstract: This paper reports on a methodology developed for studying the effects of various types of prosthetic feet on the gait of trans-femoral amputees. It is shown that an analysis in three planes of motion of not only the prosthetic, but also the sound limb provides important information on the performance of prosthetic feet. Two male trans-femoral amputees were tested with four different prosthetic feet; the Springlite II, Carbon Copy III, Seattle LightFoot and the Multiflex foot. A detailed analysis of the results of one amputee and a summary of the most important results of a second subject is presented. The tests were carried out at normal (1.16 m s(-1)) and fast (1.56 m s(-1)) walking speeds. Three dimensional gait analysis was carried out to derive the time curves of the joint angles, intersegmental moments and power at the ankle, knee and hip joints at both the prosthetic and sound sides. A higher first peak of the ground reaction force at the sound side with the Seattle LightFoot compared to that with the Springlite II, may be the result of the lower late stance dorsiflexion angle with the former. Compared to the other two feet, the Carbon Copy III and the Springlite II showed higher prosthetic dorsiflexing moments and positive power at late stance, which could assist in the push-off. The 3D intersegmental loads at the ankle and knee can be used as a guide for design and for compilation of standards for testing of lower limb prostheses incorporating flexible feet.
authors.affiliation: Bioengineering Unit, University of Strathclyde, Wolfson Centre, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: van der Linden
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Solomonidis
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Spence
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Paul
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D000674:Amputees; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000502:physiology; D001186:Artificial Limbs; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004735:Energy Transfer; D005269:Femur; D005528:Foot / Q000502:physiology; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement; D018583:Pliability; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology