title: Genetic similarity of HIV type 1 subtype E in a recent outbreak among injecting drug users in northern Vietnam to strains in Guangxi Province of southern China.
abstract: To investigate the molecular epidemiology of a recent HIV-1 outbreak in northern Vietnam and its relation to the epidemic in surrounding areas, we analyzed 17 HIV-positive blood specimens from 3 heterosexuals, 2 sexually transmitted disease patients, and 12 injecting drug users (IDUs), collected in 4 provinces near Hanoi in 1998. These were compared with the specimens from Ho Chi Minh City (n = 10) and An Giang Province (n = 10) in southern Vietnam and with published sequences from neighboring countries. Genetic subtyping based on the env C2/V3 sequences revealed that HIV-1 subtype E predominated throughout Vietnam in all risk populations; the exception was one typical United States-European-type HIV-1 subtype B detected in a patient in Ho Chi Minh City, the first case of HIV infection identified in Vietnam in 1990. The HIV-1 subtype E sequences identified in 9 of the 12 IDUs from northern provinces were closely related phylogenetically to those in IDUs in nearby Guangxi Province of China, and also shared a common amino acid signature downstream of the env V3 loop region. The low interperson nucleotide diversity among IDUs in northern Vietnam supports the view that HIV-1 subtype E was introduced recently among IDUs in northern Vietnam. These data indicate a linkage between HIV-1 circulating among IDUs in northern Vietnam and southern China, and suggest recent transborder introductions as the likely source of HIV-1 subtype E in northern Vietnam.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Epidemiology, AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Disease, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shiino
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kusagawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nohtomi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shibamura
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.forename: X L
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Truong
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Mai
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Hoang
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bunyaraksyotin
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukushima
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wasi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takebe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005260:Female; D015750:Genes, gag / Q000235:genetics; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D015491:HTLV-II Infections / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications / Q000821:virology*; D014744:Vietnam / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; C059762:HIV envelope protein gp120 (305-321); D010446:Peptide Fragments