title: Simultaneous noninvasive determination of regional myocardial perfusion and oxygen content in rabbits: toward direct measurement of myocardial oxygen consumption at MR imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether myocardial arterial perfusion and oxygen concentration can be quantified simultaneously from the same images by using spin labeling and the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) effect with fast spin-echo (SE) imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  A T2-weighted fast SE pulse sequence was written to image isolated, arrested, blood-perfused rabbit hearts (n = 6) at 4.7 T. Perfusion images with intensity in units of milliliters per minute per gram that covered the entire left ventricle with 0.39 x 0.39 x 3.00-mm resolution were obtained in less than 15 minutes with a 32-fold reduction in imaging time from that of a previous study. Estimates of oxygen concentration were made from the same images acquired for calculation of perfusion images.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Estimates of regional myocardial oxygen content could be made from the perfusion images; this demonstrated the feasibility of three-dimensional calculation of regional oxygen consumption, which requires concomitant measurement of both oxygen content and flow. Fast SE imaging was shown to be as sensitive to hemoglobin desaturation as standard SE imaging. Perfusion abnormalities and oxygen deficits were easily identified and verified qualitatively with gadopentetate dimeglumine on both perfusion and BOLD images obtained after coronary arterial ligation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  T2-weighted fast SE imaging combined with perfusion-sensitive spin labeling can be used to measure myocardial arterial perfusion and oxygen concentration. This provides the groundwork for calculation of regional myocardial oxygen consumption.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA.
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Reeder
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: McVeigh
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Forder
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000503:physiopathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; C100003:deoxyhemoglobin