title: Intraportal administration of glyceryl trinitrate or nitroprusside exerts more systemic than intrahepatic effects in anaesthetised cirrhotic rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Increased intrahepatic vascular tone can be pharmacologically manipulated in isolated cirrhotic livers. Intrahepatic endothelial dysfunction may lead to a decreased production of the potent endogenous vasodilator nitric oxide in cirrhotic livers. The aims of the study were to determine whether portal pressure can be lowered in vivo by injecting nitric oxide donors glyceryl trinitrate or nitroprusside directly in the portal vein and whether this is related to a decrease in intrahepatic resistance.
  
  
  METHODS
  In anaesthetised CCl4 cirrhotic rats, intraportal doses of glyceryl trinitrate 0.5, 1 or 5 microg/kg/ min or nitroprusside 1, 5 or 10 microg/kg/min did not decrease portal pressure but only arterial pressure. Systemic and splanchnic haemodynamics were measured before and during 15 min intraportal infusion of glyceryl trinitrate 10 microg/kg/min or nitroprusside 20 microg/kg/min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Glyceryl trinitrate decreased portal pressure from 14.0+/-1.1 to 11.8+/-1.4 mm Hg, splanchnic perfusion pressure from 102+/-10 to 74+/-5 mm Hg and portal sinusoidal flow from 2.11+/-0.38 to 1.70+/-0.35 ml/min/g liver (all p<0.05). Nitroprusside did not decrease portal pressure significantly but led to a reduction of the splanchnic perfusion pressure (104+/-9 to 66+/-7 mm Hg) and the portal sinusoidal flow (2.39+/-0.50 to 1.77+/-0.31 ml/min/g liver; all p<0.05). Portal sinusoidal resistance was not altered by either drug.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraportal infusion of nitric oxide donors decreased arterial pressure more than portal pressure. Portal sinusoidal resistance remained unaffected, but the liver parenchyma became less perfused with high doses. The systemic effects of nitric oxide donating drugs prevailed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Berne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Van de Casteele
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hösli
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sägesser
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reichen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008102:Liver Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008106:Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011169:Portal Vein; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013152:Splanchnic Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D009599:Nitroprusside; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D005996:Nitroglycerin