title: Inflammatory response to chronic otitis media in DiGeorge syndrome: a case study using immunohistochemistry on archival temporal bone sections.
abstract: Immunohistochemical analyses were conducted on archival celloidin-embedded human temporal bone sections from an 8-month-old boy with chronic otitis media and DiGeorge syndrome. We employed antigen retrieval methods with saturated sodium hydroxide-methanol solution, microwave incubation, and proteolytic treatment to demonstrate the distribution of T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, macrophages, and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) expression in the middle ear. B-lymphocytes and macrophages were observed predominantly within the middle ear mucosa. T-lymphocytes were rare. Further, ICAM-1 was expressed in the vascular endothelium of the lamina propria, as well as infiltrating mononuclear cells. This suggests that the expression of ICAM-1 can be induced in the middle ear with otitis media, even if T-lymphocytes are depressed in a cell-mediated immunodeficiency disorder such as DiGeorge syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ganbo
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sando
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Balaban
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kitagawa
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004062:DiGeorge Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D010034:Otitis Media with Effusion / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D012016:Reference Values; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D013701:Temporal Bone / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1