title: Interferon alpha-2B and ribavirin in combination for patients with chronic hepatitis C who failed to respond to, or relapsed after, interferon alpha therapy: a randomized trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy of interferon alpha-2b and ribavirin in combination in the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C who had either failed to respond to therapy with interferon alpha (nonresponders), or who had relapsed after interferon therapy (relapsers).
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred patients with chronic hepatitis C (200 nonresponders and 200 relapsers) were randomly assigned in equal numbers to receive either subcutaneous administration of recombinant interferon alpha-2b (3 million units three times per week) and ribavirin (1,000 to 1,200 mg/daily orally) or interferon alpha-2b alone (6 million units three times per week). Both ribavirin and interferon alpha-2b were given for 24 weeks. The patients were then followed for an additional 24 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the end of the treatment period, normalization of serum alanine aminotransferase levels and absence of hepatitis C virus RNA were seen in 21% of nonresponders and in 39% of relapsers who were treated with interferon alpha-2b and ribavirin, compared with 5% of nonresponders (P = 0.001) and 9% of relapsers treated with interferon alpha-2b alone (P <0.001). At the end of follow-up, 14% of nonresponders and 30% of relapsers treated with the combination therapy had a sustained response, compared with 1% of nonresponders (P = 0.001) and 5% of relapsers treated with interferon alpha alone (P <0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A 24-week course of treatment with interferon alpha-2b and ribavirin offers a chance of sustained response, whereas retreatment with interferon alpha-2b alone does not give satisfactory results. The role of long-term therapy in inducing prolonged remission remains to be explored.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Barbaro
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Lorenzo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Belloni
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paiano
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Del Poggio
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bacca
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fruttaldo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mongiò
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Francavilla
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scotto
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Grisorio
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Calleri
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Annese
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barelli
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rocchetto
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rizzo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gualandi
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Poltronieri
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Barbarini
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012008:Recurrence; D012254:Ribavirin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012254:Ribavirin