title: Advances in photoacoustic noninvasive glucose testing.
abstract: We report here on in vitro and in vivo experiments that are intended to explore the feasibility of photoacoustic spectroscopy as a tool for the noninvasive measurement of blood glucose. The in vivo results from oral glucose tests on eight subjects showed good correlation with clinical measurements but indicated that physiological factors and person-to-person variability are important. In vitro measurements showed that the sensitivity of the glucose measurement is unaffected by the presence of common blood analytes but that there can be substantial shifts in baseline values. The results indicate the need for spectroscopic data to develop algorithms for the detection of glucose in the presence of other analytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland. H.A.MacKenzie@hw.ac.uk
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: MacKenzie
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Ashton
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Spiers
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Freeborn
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hannigan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lindberg
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rae
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007834:Lasers; D013053:Spectrophotometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose