title: Relationship between the clinical efficacy of pentoxifylline treatment and elevation of serum T helper type 2 cytokine levels in patients with human T-lymphotropic virus type I-associated myelopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previously, we reported the efficacy of pentoxifylline (PTX) treatment in human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I)-associated myelopathy (HAM). Here, we clarify the relationship between the clinical efficacy of PTX treatment and elevation of T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokine levels in HAM patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  PTX (300 mg) was administered daily by the oral route to 12 HAM patients for 4 weeks. We assessed the relationship between the changes in neurological status (motor disability scores, the degree of spasticity on neurological examination, and the time required to walk 10 m) and the changes in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) as a Th1 cytokine and interleukin-4 and -10 (IL-4 and -10) as Th2 cytokines measured by an EASIA (enzyme-amplified sensitivity immunoassay) kit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PTX treatment induced incremental increases in the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 in both sera and CSF of 6 HAM patients. Clinical improvement was associated with this elevation in IL-4 and IL-10. PTX treatment also induced a decrease in IFN-gamma levels in the sera of 6 HAM patients, but this was not correlated with clinical improvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the correction of the immunological imbalance in Th1 to Th2 cytokine responses, with upregulation of IL-4 and IL-10, may account for the clinical improvement in HAM patients treated with PTX.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Furuya
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakane
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shirabe
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kambara
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hamasaki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eguchi
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000097:blood* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015493:Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic / Q000097:blood* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D010431:Pentoxifylline