title: Reduced human growth hormone (hGH) bioactivity without a defect of the GH-1 gene in three patients with rhGH responsive growth failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A GH deficiency-like phenotype with normal or high hGH secretion, pathologically low IGF-I serum levels, and catch-up growth under treatment with recombinant hGH is suggestive of the presence of biologically inactive hGH syndrome, whose presumably heterogenous molecular basis is substantially unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum samples from patients who fulfilled the above criteria and from controls with idiopathic short stature were measured by polyclonal hGH-RIA, Nb2 rat lymphoma proliferation assay, and hGH immunofunctional assay (IFA). If assays were suggestive of the presence of bioinactive GH, mutational analysis of the hGH-1 gene was performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three patients were selected because of clinical and biochemical evidence. At the time of diagnosis mean age was 3.4 (2.2, 3.5, 4.5) years, mean height -3.5 (-2.8, -3.6, -4.2) SD score (SDS) and mean growth rate -1.5 (-1.4, -1.5, -1.6) SDS. Mean IGF-I serum levels were -1.9 (-0.7, -2.4, -2.5) SDS and mean IGFBP-3 serum levels -1.2 (-1.1, -1.2, -1.2) SDS. Stimulated and spontaneous GH peaks measured by a polyclonal radioimmunoassay were all above 14 microg/l. GHBP serum levels were normal, and antihGH antibodies were not detected. Therapy with rhGH was effective in causing catch-up growth of the three children with an initial mean growth rate of + 2.9 (+ 1.7, + 2.1, + 5.0) SDS, and normalization of IGF-I (mean: -0.66 SDS: -1.8, - 1.2, + 1.1 SDS) and IGFBP-3 serum levels (mean: + 0.81 SDS: -0.2, + 0.8, + 1.8 SDS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In comparison to controls, the patients' serum hGH levels were much lower when measured by Nb2 rat lymphoma cell proliferation bioassay (mean: -2.3 SDS, range: -1.7- -4.1) and by the immunofunctional assay (IFA) (-1.5 SDS, range: -0.2- -3.1) than by RIA. Retesting of two of the three patients including an one year break of therapy confirmed the rhGH dependence of growth in spite of normal endogenous GH secretion. Radioactive direct sequencing of both strands of PCR-amplified genomic DNA and cDNA excluded a GH-1 gene mutation in all three children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mutations of the GH-1 gene are probably not the main genetic defect in children with biologically inactive hGH syndrome. Posttranslational processing of hGH might reduce the biological activity of the normal translation product.
authors.affiliation: University-Children's Hospital and Growth Research Centre, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Binder
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Benz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elmlinger
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Pflaum
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Strasburger
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Ranke
mesh_terms: D000906:Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D001681:Biological Assay; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 / Q000097:blood; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D013006:Growth Hormone