title: A conditionally immortalized epithelial cell line for studies of intestinal drug transport.
abstract: A new cell culture model that better mimics the permeability of the human small intestine was developed for studies of passive drug transport. The intestinal epithelial cell line, 2/4/A1, conditionally immortalized with a temperature-sensitive mutant of the growth-promoting oncogene simian virus 40 (SV40) large T, was grown on permeable supports. The cells grew at 33 degrees C, where the oncogene is fully active, but stopped growing and entered a differentiation program at 39 degrees C, where the oncogene is inactive. Significant cell death was observed at 39 degrees C and, therefore, growth conditions under which 2/4/A1 cells survive during the differentiation process were developed. Cells grown on extracellular matrices which contained laminin at an intermediate temperature of 37 degrees C formed viable differentiated monolayers with tight junctions, an increased expression of brush border enzymes, and a paracellular permeability that was comparable to that of the human small intestine. The permeability of 17 structurally diverse drugs gave a sigmoidal relationship with the absorbed fraction of the drugs after oral administration to humans. The relationship was compared with those obtained with the well established Caco-2 model and after in vivo perfusion of the human jejunum. The transport of drugs with low permeability in 2/4/A1 monolayers was comparable to that in the human jejunum, and up to 300 times faster than that in Caco-2 monolayers. The transport of drugs with high permeability was comparable in all models. These results indicate that 2/4/A1 monolayers are promising alternatives to Caco-2 monolayers for studies of passive drug transport.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tavelin
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Milovic
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ocklind
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Olsson
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Artursson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000952:Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming / Q000096:biosynthesis; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000502:physiology; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D016923:Cell Death / Q000502:physiology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000502:physiology; D002472:Cell Transformation, Viral; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D008871:Microvilli / Q000201:enzymology; D051381:Rats; D013539:Simian virus 40 / Q000502:physiology; D019108:Tight Junctions / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000952:Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming