title: Transcranial Doppler monitoring during carotid endarterectomy helps to identify patients at risk of postoperative hyperperfusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to investigate whether transcranial Doppler (TCD) monitoring can identify patients at risk of hyperperfusion, and whether active postoperative treatment of selected patients decreases the risk of intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH).
  
  
  METHODS
  a case cohort study of 688 patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA) with intraoperative TCD monitoring.
  
  
  METHODS
  sixty-two patients (9%) fulfilled the TCD criteria for hyperperfusion, i.e. >100% increase of peak blood flow velocity or pulsatility index of the middle cerebral artery, compared to preclamp baseline values. In these patients, blood pressure was closely monitored and controlled postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  postoperatively, seven of these patients (11%) exhibited clinical signs or symptoms of hyperperfusion but no cerebral haemorrhage (ICH). This is a significantly better outcome (p <0.005) compared to a 2% incidence of ICH after CEA in previous years in our hospital.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  patients at risk of hyperperfusion syndrome after CEA can be identified intraoperatively by TCD monitoring. In these selected patients, immediate and adequate postoperative treatment of hypertension results in a decreased risk of intracerebral haemorrhage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, 3430 EM, Postbus 2500, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Dalman
authors.forename: I C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Beenakkers
authors.forename: F L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Moll
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Leusink
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Ackerstaff
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006940:Hyperemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D019586:Intracranial Hypertension / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011379:Prognosis; D011673:Pulsatile Flow / Q000502:physiology; D012306:Risk; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial