title: Plasma vitamin C: what does it measure?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association between self-reported consumption of foods and plasma vitamin C levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional analysis of dietary data and plasma vitamin C levels. Subjects placed the following foods into frequency categories: fresh fruit, leafy greens, other vegetables, fatty fish, other fish, chicken, meat, meat products, eggs, cheese and brown bread. The six frequency categories ranged from 'never' to 'at least daily'. Plasma vitamin C was measured by fluorometric assay.
  
  
  METHODS
  A population-based cohort study in Norfolk, UK.
  
  
  METHODS
  598 men and 566 women aged 45-74 years not taking vitamin supplements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma vitamin C was positively correlated with intake of fresh fruit (r=0.29 in men and r=0.25 in women, P<0.001), leafy greens (r=0.20 in men P<0.001, r=0.13 in women P<0.01), other vegetables (r=0.20 in men P<0.001, r=0.14 in women P<0.01) and brown bread (r=0.28 in men, r=0.17 in women, P<0.001) and negatively associated with intake of meat products (r=-0.13 in men P=0.02, r=-0.10 in women P<0.01). The difference in plasma vitamin C between never and daily eaters of brown bread was 13.6 micronol l(-1) in men and 9.9 micromol l(-1) in women, P<0.001.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that plasma vitamin C is not only a marker of foods rich in vitamin C but of certain patterns of food consumption. Such patterns are likely to be population specific and might explain inconsistencies in biomarker-disease associations.
authors.affiliation: University of Bristol, Department of Social Medicine, UK. Andy.Ness@bris.ac.uk
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Ness
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Khaw
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bingham
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Day
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D009752:Nutritional Status / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001205:Ascorbic Acid