title: Crack eye syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cocaine is an alkaloid prepared from the leaves of the Erythroxylon coca plant. It is widely recognized as one of the most dangerous illicit drugs in use today. The U.S. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration estimates that 23.5 million Americans have used cocaine at some time in their life. Corneal defects from crack cocaine were first described in 1989 and later named crack eye syndrome in 1993.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 40-year-old man reported to the eye clinic reporting vigorous eye rubbing after repeated exposure to and use of crack cocaine. A corneal infiltrate with an overlying epithelial defect developed and the man was treated with ciprofloxacin, homatropine, and diclofenac. This case presents background information concerning the systemic and ocular manifestations of cocaine, as well as the clinical presentations of crack eye syndrome, with recommendations on treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A thorough social history should be elicited when patients who have unilateral or bilateral corneal defects of unknown origin are examined, or when treating persons with no other known risk factors for corneal disruption. Prompt recognition and treatment are the main factors in successful management of crack eye syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veteran Affairs, Optometry Section, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Colatrella
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Daniel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D003320:Corneal Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D016578:Crack Cocaine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D013577:Syndrome; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D016578:Crack Cocaine; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D002939:Ciprofloxacin