title: Angioscopic video-assisted pulmonary endarterectomy for post-embolic pulmonary hypertension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether the use of video-assisted angioscopy would increase the outcome of pulmonary thromboendarterectomy (PTE).
  
  
  METHODS
  PTE included a median sternotomy, intrapericardial dissection of the superior vena cava, institution of cardiopulmonary bypass, deep hypothermia and sequential circulatory arrest periods. It was always performed through two separate arteriotomies on both main intrapericardial pulmonary arteries, into which a rigid 5 mm angioscope connected to a video camera was introduced to increase the visibility and endarterectomies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From January 1996 to July 1998, 68 consecutive patients (35 males and 33 females) aged 54.3 +/- 13.5 years underwent PTE. Patients were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II (n = 2), III (n = 43) or IV (n = 23) with the following hemodynamics: mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) 54 +/- 13 mmHg; cardiac output (CO): 3.8 +/- 0.8 l/min, and total pulmonary resistance (TPR): 1207 +/- 416 dyne x s x cm(-5). The cumulated circulatory arrest time was 23 +/- 12 min and postoperative length of ventilatory support 10 +/- 12 days. Nine patients died, for an overall in-hospital mortality of 13.2%. The functional outcome in surviving patients was significantly improved (P < 0.0001) both clinically (NYHA class 3.2 +/- 0.5 vs. 1.3 +/- 0.6) and hemodynamically (PAP (mmHg) 53.1 +/- 13 vs. 30.2 +/- 11.8, CI (l/min per m2) 2.1 +/- 0.5 vs. 2.8 +/- 0.6, TPR (dyne x s x cm(-5)) 1174 +/- 416 vs. 519 +/- 250).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Video-assisted angioscopy improves the quality and degree of pulmonary endarterectomy expanding the indications to include patients with previously inaccessible distal disease.
authors.affiliation: Service of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery and Heart-Lung Transplantation, Marie Lannelongue Hospital, Paris-Sud University, Le Plessis Robinson, France. phdart@pratique.fr
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dartevelle
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fadel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chapelier
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Macchiarini
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cerrina
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Parquin
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Simonneau
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Simonneau
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017546:Angioscopy; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004691:Endarterectomy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000601:surgery*; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000150:complications; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014741:Video Recording