title: Nitric oxide: a clinically important amniotic fluid marker to distinguish between intra-amniotic mycoplasma and non-mycoplasma infections.
abstract: The objective of this study was to determine whether the measurements of amniotic fluid nitric oxide metabolite (NOx: nitrate + nitrite) concentrations could be a clinically useful marker to differentiate between intra-amniotic mycoplasma and nonmycoplasma infections. Amniocentesis was performed on 76 pregnant women with suspicion of intra-amniotic infection. Intra-amniotic infection was defined as the presence of a positive amniotic fluid culture with either mycoplasma or nonmycoplasma infections. Rapid amniotic fluid tests for Gram stain, glucose, leukocyte counts, interleukin-6, and NOx were performed. Amniotic fluid NOx was measured with aspergillus nitrate reductase and Griess reagent. Interleukin-6 was determined by enzyme immunoassays. Amniotic fluid NOx and interleukin-6 were normalized by amniotic fluid creatinine levels. Patients with intra-amniotic mycoplasma (n = 7) and nonmycoplasma infections (n = 8) had significantly higher amniotic fluid leukocyte counts and interleukin-6 concentrations and significantly lower amniotic fluid glucose levels than noninfected controls (n = 61). Amniotic fluid concentrations of NOx were significantly higher in those with intraamniotic nonmycoplasma infection as compared to those with intraamniotic mycoplasma infection and noninfected controls (NOx: 3.35+/-0.74 vs. 2.03+/-0.41 micromol/mg creatinine, p = 0.005, and 3.35+/-0.74 vs. 1.72+/-0.07 micromol/mg creatinine, p < 0.0001, respectively). However, patients with intra-amniotic mycoplasma infection did not differ significantly from noninfected controls. Our data indicate that clinical characteristics of intra-amniotic mycoplasma infection may differ from intra-amniotic nonmycoplasma infection. As delivery is not always indicated in intra-amniotic mycoplasma infection, elevated rapid amniotic fluid tests (leukocyte counts, interleukin-6, and glucose) may not be appropriate in the clinical management of intra-amniotic mycoplasma infection. In addition to these rapid amniotic fluid tests, incorporation of the measurement of amniotic fluid NOx may be of clinical importance in the differentiation and management of patients with suspected intra-amniotic mycoplasma and nonmycoplasma infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8063, USA.
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Aversa
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Meaddough
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: R O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Bahado-Singh
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Copel
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000649:Amniocentesis; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis; D009174:Mycoplasma / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D009175:Mycoplasma Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D009566:Nitrates / Q000032:analysis; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D009573:Nitrites / Q000032:analysis; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015850:Interleukin-6; D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D009569:Nitric Oxide