title: Systemic findings associated with central serous chorioretinopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine systemic factors associated with central serous chorioretinopathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a retrospective study, 230 consecutive patients with central serous chorioretinopathy examined in a referral setting were compared with a historical gender-matched and age-matched control group of 230 patients with ocular findings who were examined in the same referral setting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median age of the patients was 49.8 years, and of the control subjects, 50.0 years. The male-female ratio for both groups was 2.7:1. Patients with central serous chorioretinopathy were more likely to use psychopharmacologic medications (odds ratio = 2.6; 95% confidence interval = 1.30 to 5.19; P = .0049) and corticosteroids (odds ratio = 3.17; 95% confidence interval = 1.30 to 7.70; P = .0067) and were more likely to have hypertension (odds ratio = 2.25; 95% confidence interval = 1.39 to 3.63; P = .0008) than were the control subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study identified psychopharmacologic medication use, corticosteroid use, and hypertension as factors associated with central serous chorioretinopathy. These findings reinforce the concept that stress and adaptations to stress play a role in this disorder. The findings of possible associations between central serous chorioretinopathy and both hypertension and corticosteroid usage suggest that these modifiable factors may influence morbidity of central serous chorioretinopathy.
authors.affiliation: Vitreous, Retina, Macula Consultants of New York, the LuEsther T. Mertz Retina Research Laboratory, Manhattan Eye, Ear, and Throat Hospital, New York 10021, USA.
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Tittl
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Spaide
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pilotto
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Yannuzzi
authors.forename: Y L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Freund
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Guyer
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Slakter
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sorenson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015862:Choroid Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D005122:Exudates and Transudates; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011600:Psychopharmacology; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000009:adverse effects; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs