title: Polarization sensing of fluorophores in tissues for drug compliance monitoring.
abstract: We used a new method, polarization sensing, to monitor the concentration of the fluorophore rhodamine 800 in an intralipid suspension and in chicken tissue. Rhodamine 800 (Rh800) could be excited at 648 nm using a laser pointer. We developed a simple device for measuring the combined emission from a highly polarized reference film and the unpolarized or orthogonally polarized emission of Rh800 from the scattering intralipid or tissue. The concentration of Rh800 in this medium was revealed by large changes in the polarization (P) with values of P ranging from 0.8 to -0.9. It is possible to vary the sensitive Rh800 concentration range by variation of the detected emission wavelengths, orientation of the excitation polarizer, or fluorophore concentration in the reference film. Polarization sensing of fluorophores in tissue requires only steady-state detection, and can be accomplished with simple and/or portable electronics. Such devices may find use in electronic detection of ingested medicines based on transdermal detection of nontoxic long-wavelength fluorophores.
authors.affiliation: Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, University of Maryland, Baltimore School of Medicine, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gryczynski
authors.forename: O O
authors.initials: OO
authors.lastname: Abugo
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Lakowicz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005454:Fluorescence Polarization / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007834:Lasers; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010349:Patient Compliance; D012235:Rhodamines / Q000032:analysis; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D012235:Rhodamines; C105720:rhodamine 800