title: Assessment of coagulation system activation using spot urine measurements.
abstract: Coagulation system activation is most commonly assessed by measuring levels of one or more proteins in peripheral blood. Because faulty blood-drawing can cause activation of the coagulation system, artifactual elevations of such markers have been reported. We have therefore investigated the possibility of using randomly collected ('spot') urine samples as a non-invasive means of assessing the state of coagulation system activation. Using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit designed to measure plasma levels of fragment 1 + 2, we found immunoreactive fragment 2 in healthy control subjects, and significantly increased levels in diabetic and non-diabetic pregnant subjects, and patients with venous thromboembolism, prostate cancer, and diabetes. Measurements of excretion of immunoreactive fragment 2 are worth further study as an adjunct or alternative to plasma-based assays designed to detect or quantify coagulation system activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare and Northwestern University Medical School, Illinois, USA. s-lind@nwu.edu
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Lind
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goldshteyn
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Barry
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Lindquist
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Piergies
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Shevrin
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Caprini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001777:Blood Coagulation; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000652:urine*; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D011516:Prothrombin / Q000652:urine*; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D010446:Peptide Fragments; C045879:prothrombin fragment 1.2; C044183:prothrombin fragment 2; D011516:Prothrombin