title: Adenovirus-mediated kallikrein gene delivery reduces aortic thickening and stroke-induced death rate in Dahl salt-sensitive rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Kallikrein gene delivery has been shown to attenuate hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, and renal injury in hypertensive animal models. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential protective effects of kallikrein gene delivery in salt-induced stroke and cerebrovascular disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adenovirus harboring the human tissue kallikrein gene (AdCMV-cHK) was delivered intravenously into Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) rats after 4 weeks of high salt loading, and blood pressure was monitored weekly for 9 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A single injection of AdCMV-cHK caused a significant reduction of systolic blood pressure compared with that in control rats, with or without an injection of adenovirus carrying the LacZ (control) gene (AdCMV-LacZ). A maximal blood pressure reduction of 21 mm Hg was observed 2 weeks after gene delivery. The stroke mortality rate of DS rats (AdCMV-LacZ group versus the AdCMV-cHK group) was significantly decreased: 38% versus 9% at 3 weeks and 54% versus 27% at 5 weeks after gene delivery. Kallikrein gene delivery significantly attenuated salt-induced aortic hypertrophy, as evidenced by reduced thickness of the aortic wall. Recombinant human tissue kallikrein was detected in rat serum and urine after gene transfer. Kinin-releasing activities in the brain as well as urinary kinin and cGMP levels were significantly increased in rats receiving the kallikrein gene.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study to demonstrate the protective effect of kallikrein gene delivery in reducing salt-induced stroke mortality and vascular dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, 29425-2211, USA.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chao
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000401:mortality*; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000652:urine; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007610:Kallikreins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D007705:Kinins / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D020303:Rats, Inbred Dahl; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007705:Kinins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D007610:Kallikreins; D006152:Cyclic GMP