title: Firearm injury prevention counseling: are We missing the mark?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether pediatricians accurately estimate the likelihood of gun ownership among their patients' families. Design. Self-administered, written surveys completed simultaneously by pediatricians and their patients' parents.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 23 pediatric practices and hospital-based clinics in three cities in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 66 pediatricians paired with 169 of their patients' parents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Parent survey: ownership and storage of guns, willingness to admit gun ownership, and previous counseling by pediatrician. Pediatrician survey: estimated prevalence of gun ownership, likelihood of gun ownership by each participant family, and beliefs about firearm injury prevention counseling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All parents who owned guns indicated they would acknowledge owning a gun if asked by their pediatricians. Of the participating families, 28% owned at least one gun; 39% of the homes with guns contained a gun that was unlocked, loaded, or both. Of the parents, 11% reported that their pediatrician had discussed firearm safety with them. Pediatricians' average estimate of the overall prevalence of gun ownership in their patient populations was 25%. When asked to predict the likelihood of gun ownership by the specific families in the study, pediatricians predicted a 0% likelihood of gun ownership for 33% of the families. Of those families, 30% reported owning at least one gun. Considering physician predictions of any likelihood of gun ownership >0% (1%-100%) to be a positive prediction and using parent reports as the gold standard, physician estimates of gun ownership were only 65% sensitive. Approximately half (55%) of the participating pediatricians believed that pediatricians should discuss gun safety with all families, and 98% believed that pediatricians should discuss gun safety with all gun-owning families.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pediatricians believe that all families with guns should receive firearm safety counseling. However, pediatricians significantly underestimate the likelihood of gun ownership by specific families. Parents who own guns indicate that they would acknowledge gun ownership if their pediatrician asked about guns in the home. Therefore, rather than relying on assumptions about whether particular patients seem likely to be gun owners, pediatricians should ask all families whether they own guns.
authors.affiliation: Division of Ambulatory Care and the Department of Pediatrics and Health Policy, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA. elise_becher@smtplink.mssm.edu
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Becher
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Christakis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002641:Chicago; D002648:Child; D003376:Counseling; D005260:Female; D005389:Firearms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009518:New York; D010067:Ownership; D010372:Pediatrics; D014768:Virginia; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*