title: Supplementary feeding in maternity hospitals and the risk of cow's milk allergy: A prospective study of 6209 infants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Early feeding with cow's milk (CM) may increase the risk of cow's milk allergy (CMA).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We sought to examine prospectively whether supplementary feeding of CM at the maternity hospital would increase the risk when compared with feeding with pasteurized human milk or hydrolyzed formula.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 6209 unselected healthy, full-term infants, of whom 5385 (87%) required supplementary milk while in the hospital. The infants were randomly assigned to receive CM formula (1789 infants), pasteurized human milk (1859 infants), or whey hydrolysate formula (1737 infants). The comparison group (824 infants) was composed of infants who were exclusively breast-fed. The infants were followed for 18 to 34 months for symptoms suggestive of CMA. The primary endpoint was a challenge-proven adverse reaction to CM after a successful CM elimination diet.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cumulative incidence of CMA in the infants fed CM was 2.4% compared with 1.7% in the pasteurized human milk group (odds ratio [OR], 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0. 44-1.12) and 1.5% in the whey hydrolysate group (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0. 38-1.00). In the comparison group, CMA developed in 2.1% of the infants. Among the infants who required supplementary feeding at hospital, both exposure to CM while in the hospital (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.04-2.30; P =.03) and obvious parental atopy (OR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.53-3.52; P <.001) increased the risk of CMA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicate that feeding of CM at maternity hospitals increases the risk of CMA when compared with feeding of other supplements, but exclusive breast-feeding does not eliminate the risk.
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Saarinen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Juntunen-Backman
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Järvenpää
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kuitunen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lope
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Renlund
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Siivola
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Savilahti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001942:Breast Feeding; D005260:Female; D006771:Hospitals, Maternity; D006801:Humans; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008892:Milk / Q000502:physiology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016269:Milk Hypersensitivity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors