title: Rett syndrome: 1H spectroscopic imaging at 4.1 Tesla.
abstract: Rett syndrome, a neurodevelopmental disorder predominantly affecting girls, is characterized by regression of psychomotor development, communication dysfunction, and hand stereotypies. Brain morphologic studies demonstrate increased neuronal packing density and reduced dendritic arborizations, suggesting an arrest or interruption of normal maturation. Numerous neurotransmitter systems have been implicated. Among these, cerebrospinal fluid glutamate levels are elevated and glutamate receptors, particularly in putamen, are reduced. Therefore, 1H spectroscopy at 4.1 Tesla was used to evaluate glutamate, creatine, and N-acetylaspartate in six girls with Rett syndrome and four normal sibling controls. The ratio of creatine to N-acetylaspartate was significantly elevated in white matter, primarily reflecting reduced N-acetylaspartate levels, and normal in gray matter. The glutamate to N-acetylaspartate ratio was elevated in gray matter and normal in white matter. These findings are consistent with previous neuropathologic and neurochemical findings and indicate the feasibility of imaging these metabolites in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Center for Nuclear Imaging Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hetherington
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Percy
mesh_terms: D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003401:Creatine / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D005260:Female; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D012016:Reference Values; D015518:Rett Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D001224:Aspartic Acid; D018698:Glutamic Acid; C000179:N-acetylaspartate; D003401:Creatine