Portal imaging based definition of the planning target volume during pelvic irradiation for gynecological malignancies.
OBJECTIVE
Geometrical accuracy in patient positioning can vary substantially during external radiotherapy. This study estimated the set-up accuracy during pelvic irradiation for gynecological malignancies for determination of safety margins (planning target volume, PTV).


METHODS
Based on electronic portal imaging devices (EPID), 25 patients undergoing 4-field pelvic irradiation for gynecological malignancies were analyzed with regard to set-up accuracy during the treatment course. Regularly performed EPID images were used in order to systematically assess the systematic and random component of set-up displacements. Anatomical matching of verification and simulation images was followed by measuring corresponding distances between the central axis and anatomical features. Data analysis of set-up errors referred to the x-, y-,and z-axes. Additionally, cumulative frequencies were evaluated.


RESULTS
A total of 50 simulation films and 313 verification images were analyzed. For the anterior-posterior (AP) beam direction mean deviations along the x- and z-axes were 1.5 mm and -1.9 mm, respectively. Moreover, random errors of 4.8 mm (x-axis) and 3.0 mm (z-axis) were determined. Concerning the latero-lateral treatment fields, the systematic errors along the two axes were calculated to 2.9 mm (y-axis) and -2.0 mm (z-axis) and random errors of 3.8 mm and 3.5 mm were found, respectively. The cumulative frequency of misalignments < or =5 mm showed values of 75% (AP fields) and 72% (latero-lateral fields). With regard to cumulative frequencies < or =10 mm quantification revealed values of 97% for both beam directions.


CONCLUSIONS
During external pelvic irradiation therapy for gynecological malignancies, EPID images on a regular basis revealed acceptable set-up inaccuracies. Safety margins (PTV) of 1 cm appear to be sufficient, accounting for more than 95% of all deviations.
Mock
U
U
Department of Radiotherapy and Radiobiology, University Hospital Vienna, Austria.
Dieckmann
K
K
Wolff
U
U
Knocke
T H
TH
Pötter
R
R
D001918:Brachytherapy; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D005260:Female; D005833:Genital Neoplasms, Female / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D055585:Physical Phenomena; D010825:Physics; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D012107:Research Design; D012189:Retrospective Studies