title: Is an organic/functional distinction psychologically meaningful in patients with dysphonia?
abstract: Dysphonia (hoarseness) is a common clinical condition and, if persistent, patients are referred to otolaryngology clinics for clinical examination. During the examination, a clinical distinction is often made among three types of patients: (1) those with a clear organic basis for dysphonia (cancer, vocal cord palsy): (2) those with some degree of organic pathology; and (3) those with an apparently functional etiology. Functional patients are often characterized as having a psychogenic disorder. This study assessed the psychological validity of the functional category in 204 out-patients (aged 17 to 87 years) with persistent hoarseness of types (2) and (3). Following clinical examination, a consultant otolaryngologist categorized patients as having functional or organic etiology. Subjects were then compared on measures of personality and psychological distress. Dysphonic subjects showed marked psychological distress compared with norms, and reported significantly more previous psychosomatic symptoms than norms, but there were no differences in personality or psychological distress between organic and functional subgroups of dysphonics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Millar
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Deary
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: MacKenzie
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001044:Aphonia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011602:Psychophysiologic Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014826:Vocal Cord Paralysis / Q000150:complications*