title: A trabecular meshwork glucocorticoid response (TIGR) gene mutation affects translocational processing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine possible effects of the E323K mutation in the trabecular meshwork glucocorticoid response (TIGR) gene (also known as myocilin [MYOC]), using assays of translocational processing through the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The E323K mutation was of particular interest, since the mutation shows a strong association with early onset open-angle glaucoma, but has a minimal predicted effect on protein structure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Normal and mutant TIGR cDNA constructs were used to generate protein products in the presence of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes, using an assay previously developed to detect alterations in the ER translocation function. "Paused" regions for potential protein modifications were defined by proteinase K (PK) sensitivity in the presence of ER membranes, with the ability to restart translocation when treated with EDTA. The effects of the E323K mutation were evaluated, as well as mutations located on either side of E323K (G246R, G364V, P370L) as the other mutations had substantial predicted structural changes in addition to clear disease associations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The native TIGR molecule was observed to have a paused region that corresponds to the region of highest olfactomedin (OLF) homology. The E323K mutation, located near the beginning of this region, dramatically altered the normal pattern of nascent proteins observed in the translocational pausing assay. A prominent band appeared with the E323K mutation, which could represent a new product or a marked enhancement of a faint band normally seen, approximately 3 kDa higher than the major paused band. The other TIGR mutants examined did not show this effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The major translocational pause that starts near the beginning of the region of high OLF homology may help to explain the high frequency of glaucoma-associated mutations in this area. The observed effect of the E323K mutation on the products of translocational processing suggests a delay in the normal pausing process of TIGR biogenesis. This delay points to a potentially distinct pathogenic mechanism for E323K as compared with the other TIGR mutations so far evaluated.
authors.affiliation: Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0730, USA. drcarin@itsa.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
authors.forename: V R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Lingappa
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Rozsa
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Lichter
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Polansky
mesh_terms: D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D019286:Endopeptidase K / Q000494:pharmacology; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism*; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D000099179:Myocilin
chemical_list: D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D019286:Endopeptidase K; D005136:Eye Proteins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D000099179:Myocilin