title: Galactose consumption induces conditioned flavor avoidance in rats.
abstract: Recent findings revealed that intragastric infusions of galactose conditioned a flavor avoidance in adult rats. To determine whether the galactose-conditioned avoidance was due to the infusion procedure, we investigated the flavor conditioning effect of orally consumed galactose. Food-restricted rats drank a flavored galactose solution, a flavored fructose solution and a flavored saccharin solution in separate one-bottle training sessions; grape, cherry and orange flavors were used. Because fructose is sweeter than galactose, saccharin was added to the galactose solution to increase its palatability. Pre- and posttraining preferences for the galactose and fructose solutions were evaluated in two-bottle choice tests. Also, preferences for the sugar-paired flavors were evaluated in two-bottle tests with the flavors presented in saccharin. In Experiment 1, rats were trained with flavored 80 g/L fructose, 80 g/L galactose + 2 g/L saccharin, and 2 g/L saccharin solutions (20 mL/d). Their preference for the flavored galactose solution changed (P < 0.01) from 76% (pretraining) to 19% (posttraining). The rats also avoided (P < 0.05) the flavor paired with the galactose solution in choice tests with the fructose-paired flavor and the saccharin-paired flavor. Similar pre- to posttraining preference reversals were obtained in Experiments 2 and 3, which used 20 g/L galactose and fructose solutions, and 20 g/L galactose and fructose solutions mixed with 20 g/L glucose, respectively. These findings, together with the intragastric infusion data, demonstrate that galactose has aversive postingestive consequences in adult rats even at low concentrations (20 g/L). Unlike lactose intolerance, which is due to intestinal malabsorption, this galactose-induced flavor avoidance is presumably due to the slow and incomplete postabsorptive metabolism of galactose.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Brooklyn College and The Graduate School, City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sclafani
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D003214:Conditioning, Classical; D004326:Drinking; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences; D005632:Fructose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D005690:Galactose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007787:Lactose Intolerance / Q000523:psychology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012439:Saccharin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013649:Taste
chemical_list: D005632:Fructose; D012439:Saccharin; D005947:Glucose; D005690:Galactose