title: Kerosene-induced severe acute respiratory failure in near drowning: reports on four cases and review of the literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to present an unusual respiratory and cardiovascular course after intoxication and near drowning in a river contaminated with kerosene.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case reports and review of the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intensive care unit of a university-affiliated hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four patients after near drowning.
  
  
  METHODS
  Supportive only.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The four patients developed acute respiratory failure. Cardiomyopathy was present in three patients and a persistent hypokalemia in two patients. The onset of the symptoms was delayed, which led to underestimation of the severity of their illness. Two of the four patients died. The diagnosis of hydrocarbon intoxication was based on bronchoalveolar lavage results, neutrophilic alveolitis with the presence of lipid-laden macrophages, and evidence of lipoid pneumonia from the autopsy performed on one victim. One patient who clinically deteriorated and another who developed a severe restrictive pulmonary disorder were treated with corticosteroids, which were effective only in the latter patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acute kerosene intoxication in a near-drowning event often results in severe respiratory and cardiac failure, with a high fatality rate. Treatment with corticosteroids may lead to a rapid improvement in lung function.
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary and Allergic Diseases, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Israel.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Segev
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Szold
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fireman
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kluger
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sorkine
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000139:chemically induced; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007008:Hypokalemia / Q000139:chemically induced; D007648:Kerosene / Q000506:poisoning*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015701:Near Drowning / Q000209:etiology*; D011017:Pneumonia, Lipid / Q000139:chemically induced*; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D013256:Steroids; D014877:Water Pollution, Chemical / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D007648:Kerosene; D013256:Steroids