title: Alcoholics with and without social phobia: a comparison of substance use and psychiatric variables.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  While alcoholics with social phobia comprise a substantial portion of the alcoholic population, little is known about how they differ from alcoholics without social phobia in their substance use and psychiatric health. The present study was conducted to examine baseline differences between alcoholics with and without social phobia on substance use and psychiatric variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  Alcoholics without social phobia (n = 397) were chosen to match those with social phobia (n = 397) on several variables, including age and gender. All subjects were participants in Project MATCH, a large clinical client-treatment matching study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exploratory/Confirmatory analyses revealed that alcoholics with social phobia had higher scores on the alcohol dependence scale and endorsed more dependence symptoms on the SCID, although they did not drink greater amounts or more often than alcoholics without social phobia. They also reported drinking in order to improve sociability and enhance functioning more than did the comparison group. Alcoholics with social phobia were more likely to conform to social norms than alcoholics without social phobia. They also had more symptoms of depression as indicated by higher scores on the Beck Depression Inventory and higher incidence of a major depressive episode from the C-DIS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alcoholics with social phobia enter treatment with some problems that are more severe than those expressed by alcoholics without social phobia. Whether these problems affect treatment efficacy is an important area for future research.
authors.affiliation: Alcohol Research Center, Institute of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425, USA.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Thevos
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Randall
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D015897:Comorbidity; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011594:Psychometrics; D012919:Social Behavior; D012945:Social Values