title: Characteristics of smokeless tobacco users seeking treatment.
abstract: Previous studies have described smokeless tobacco (ST) treatment seekers with minimal detail. In the present study, ST users (N = 402), who enrolled in a ST cessation treatment study, were asked to complete an extensive questionnaire that inquired about their ST use patterns, use of other tobacco products, extent of dependence, previous attempts to quit, situations associated with use and support for quitting. The results showed that this population experiences a high level of nicotine exposure and physical dependence on ST. ST use frequently is associated with negative affect situations and times of hunger. A high frequency of users have smoked cigarettes as well as cigars. A supportive social environment for ST cessation exists for these individuals. These results have implications for ST treatment content.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA. hatsu001@maroon.tc.umn.edu
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Hatsukami
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Boyle
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grillo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bliss
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D006801:Humans; D006815:Hunger; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D010947:Plants, Toxic; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D012931:Social Environment; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D020340:Tobacco Use Cessation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D009538:Nicotine