title: Cardiac M(2) muscarinic cholinoceptor activation by human chagasic autoantibodies: association with bradycardia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether exposure of cardiac muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) to activating chagasic antimyocardial immunoglobulins results in bradycardia and other dysautonomic symptoms associated with the regulation of heart rate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Trypanosoma cruzi infected patients with bradycardia and other abnormalities in tests of the autonomic nervous system were studied and compared with normal subjects. Antipeptide antibodies in serum were demonstrated by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay using a synthetic 24-mer-peptide corresponding antigenically to the second extracellular loop of the human heart M(2) mAChR. The functional effect of affinity purified antipeptide IgG from chagasic patients on spontaneous beating frequency and cAMP production of isolated normal rat atria was studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a strong association between the finding of antipeptide antibodies in chagasic patients and the presence of basal bradycardia and an altered Valsalva manoeuvre (basal bradycardia: chi(2) = 37.5, p < 0. 00001; Valsalva manoeuvre: chi(2) = 70.0, p < 0.00001). The antipeptide autoantibodies also showed agonist activity, decreasing the rate of contraction and cAMP production. The effects on rat atria resembled the effects of the authentic agonist and those of the total polyclonal chagasic IgG, being selectively blunted by atropine and AF-DX 116, and neutralised by the synthetic peptide corresponding in amino acid sequence to the second extracellular loop of the human M(2) mAChR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is an association between circulating antipeptide autoantibodies in chagasic patients and the presence of bradycardia and other dysautonomic symptoms. Thus these autoantibodies are a marker of autoimmune cardiac autonomic dysfunction. The results support the hypothesis that autoimmune mechanisms play a role in the pathogenesis of chagasic cardioneuromyopathy.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Pharmacology Department, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Serrano 669, 5to Piso, 1414 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Goin
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Borda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Auger
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Storino
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sterin-Borda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D001919:Bradycardia / Q000276:immunology*; D002598:Chagas Cardiomyopathy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D046508:Culture Techniques; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000503:physiopathology; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D000242:Cyclic AMP