title: Negative regulation of the pts operon by Mlc: mechanism underlying glucose induction in Escherichia coli.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The pts operon of Escherichia coli consists of three genes ptsH, ptsI and crr, each encoding for central components of the phosphoenolpyruvate: carbohydrate phosphotransferase system, HPr, enzyme I and IIAGlc, respectively. Transcription of the pts operon is stimulated when glucose is present in the culture medium. One of the two major promoters, P0, is responsible for this glucose induction. However, no regulatory protein responsible for the glucose induction of the pts operon has been identified yet and molecular mechanism by which glucose stimulates the pts transcription is not known.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found by Northern blotting that the pts mRNA levels in cells lacking Mlc, a new global repressor of carbohydrate metabolism, were increased without external glucose and that the addition of glucose had no effect on the pts mRNA levels in the mutant cells. Western blotting revealed that the enzyme I level in the mlc- cells was also elevated without glucose and no further increase in the enzyme I level was observed in the presence of glucose. S1 analysis revealed that transcription of the glucose-sensitive promoter, P0, occurs constitutively in the mlc- cells independently from the external glucose. In vitro transcription studies indicated that Mlc strongly inhibited P0 transcription. DNase I footprinting experiment revealed that Mlc bound to P0 promoter region to prevent RNA polymerase binding at P0.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that Mlc is a repressor for the pts transcription acting as a major regulatory protein involved in the glucose induction of pts operon. We propose that glucose induces the pts transcription by modulating the Mlc activity. The mechanism by which glucose modulates the Mlc action remains to be studied.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kimata
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inada
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tagami
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aiba
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002373:Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018983:DNA Footprinting; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects; D005798:Genes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D009154:Mutation; D009876:Operon / Q000235:genetics*; D010731:Phosphoenolpyruvate Sugar Phosphotransferase System / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D020218:Response Elements / Q000235:genetics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002373:Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; C111065:Mlc protein, E coli; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D004247:DNA; D010731:Phosphoenolpyruvate Sugar Phosphotransferase System; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases; D005947:Glucose