Genotoxicity studies on the azo dye Direct Red 2 using the in vivo mouse bone marrow micronucleus test.
The clastogenicity of the azo dye Direct Red 2 (DR2) has been investigated using the murine bone marrow micronucleus assay. A potent dose-dependent response was observed following oral gavage of DR2 up to 4 mg/kg, after which significant toxicity to the erythroid compartment was observed. The route of administration had a significant effect on the frequency of micronucleus formation: intraperitoneal injection was approximately two-fold less clastogenic than the equivalent dose delivered orally (p<0.05). The requirement for activation of DR2 by intestinal microflora was indicated by the fact that mice given acid-treated water prior to administration of DR2 showed a significant reduction (40%; p<0.001) in micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte formation. The implications of these findings for the health and safety of occupationally exposed workers are discussed.
Rajaguru
P
P
PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, India.
Fairbairn
L J
LJ
Ashby
J
J
Willington
M A
MA
Turner
S
S
Woolford
L A
LA
Chinnasamy
N
N
Rafferty
J A
JA
D000818:Animals; D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D001711:Biotransformation; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D009282:Naphthalenesulfonates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D011634:Public Health
D001391:Azo Compounds; D004396:Coloring Agents; D009153:Mutagens; D009282:Naphthalenesulfonates; C007060:benzopurpurine 4B