title: Antimicrobial activity of gatifloxacin (AM-1155, CG5501), and four other fluoroquinolones tested against 2,284 recent clinical strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Europe, Latin America, Canada, and the United States. The SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Group (Americas and Europe).
abstract: The newer fluoroquinolones generally have greater potency against Gram-positive cocci including Streptococcus pneumoniae. In this study, we report the activity of gatifloxacin (formerly AM-1155 or CG5501) compared with penicillin, erythromycin, and four other peer drugs, tested against 2284 strains isolated in North America (Canada and United States), Latin America (six nations), and Europe in 1997. Reference broth microdilution methods were used and results were interpreted by consensus standards. Gatifloxacin demonstrated uniform potency against pneumococci across all monitored geographic areas (MIC90, 0.5 microgram/mL; > or = 99.6% of strains inhibited at < or = 1 microgram/mL). This activity was comparable to trovafloxacin (MIC90, 0.5 microgram/mL) and sparfloxacin (MIC90, 0.5 microgram/mL) and two- to four-fold greater than that of ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin. The most resistant strains to the fluoroquinolones had mutations in both par C (Ser 79-->Phe) and gyr A (Ser83-->Lys or Phe). Penicillin resistance (MIC, > or = 0.12 microgram/mL) rates varied from 27.6% in Europe to 55.7% in Latin America. Macrolide resistance was greatest in Europe and the United States. Gatifloxacin appears to be a promising new fluoroquinolone for clinical use in respiratory tract infections commonly caused by S. pneumoniae.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City 52242, USA.
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Odland
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Verhoef
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fluit
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Beach
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002170:Canada; D027081:DNA Gyrase; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D027101:DNA Topoisomerase IV; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II / Q000235:genetics; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial / Q000235:genetics; D004917:Erythromycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D005060:Europe; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D000077734:Gatifloxacin; D006801:Humans; D007843:Latin America; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010406:Penicillins / Q000494:pharmacology; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D010406:Penicillins; D004917:Erythromycin; D027101:DNA Topoisomerase IV; D027081:DNA Gyrase; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II; D000077734:Gatifloxacin