title: The effect of pregnenolone 16alpha-carbonitrile on the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of dapsone in rats.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of pregnenolone 16 alpha-carbonitrile (PCN) on the interconversion pharmacokinetics and metabolism of dapsone. To determine microsomal CYP3A activity and protein, eight rats (4 PCN, 4 corn oil) received a 1 mg kg(-1) intravenous bolus dose of dapsone, followed by blood and urine sampling. The formation clearance of dapsone hydroxylamine (CLf DDS-NOH) was calculated from the obtained samples. Interconversion pharmacokinetics estimates were obtained after 10 rats (5 PCN, 5 control) received 1 mg kg(-1) dapsone or 1.17 mg kg(-1) monoacetyldapsone, with a 24-h wash-out. Results from the interconversion analysis demonstrated that PCN significantly increased systemic clearance (CLs) of dapsone, but not its interconversion. The in-vivo/in-vitro correlation study demonstrated that PCN significantly increased CLs of dapsone (8.55 to 16.39mLmin(-1); P<0.01) and CLf DDS-NOH (0.13 to 0.18mLmin(-1); P<0.01). PCN treatment produced a 69% increase in CYP3A protein, and increased 6beta- and 2beta-hydroxytestosterone formation rates. Significant correlations were found between CLf DDS-NOH and either 6beta- (r2 = 0.925), 2beta-hydroxytestosterone (r2 = 0.92), or CYP3A1/2 protein (r2= 0.60). We conclude that PCN treatment produces significant increases in CLs (dapsone) and CLf (DDS-NOH) in rats. These changes were not due to changes in the reversible metabolism of dapsone. These results suggest that the formation clearance of dapsone hydroxylamine reflects alterations in CYP3A activity, despite the fact that it accounted for a small part of the systemic clearance of dapsone.
authors.affiliation: University of Kentucky, College of Pharmacy, Lexington 40536-0082, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Poloyac
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: McNamara
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Blouin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism; D003622:Dapsone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006207:Half-Life; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D010089:Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating / Q000378:metabolism; D011285:Pregnenolone Carbonitrile / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D011285:Pregnenolone Carbonitrile; D003622:Dapsone; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; C018965:monoacetyldapsone; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D010089:Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating