title: Target-controlled infusion of alfentanil for postoperative analgesia: contribution of plasma protein binding to intra-patient and inter-patient variability.
abstract: We have examined the influence of plasma protein binding on inter-individual and intra-individual variability in the effective postoperative analgesic concentration (EAC) of alfentanil and on the performance of the target-controlled infusion system used. Ten patients received standardized anaesthesia and target-controlled alfentanil for postoperative analgesia. Analgesia was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Plasma protein binding of alfentanil was assessed at four different times (on arrival in the recovery room, at 21:00 on the day of surgery and at 09:00 and 21:00 on the first postoperative day). Bias and inaccuracy were examined on the day of surgery and on the first postoperative day. Unbound fractions of alfentanil varied from 5 to 15% and varied in time. In general, the unbound fractions on the day of surgery were higher than those on the first postoperative day. Thirty-nine percent of inter-individual variability in the EAC of alfentanil (range 33-140 ng ml-1) at the onset of therapy could be explained by protein binding. At the other observation times, correlations between unbound fraction and EAC were only moderate. Bias on the day of surgery was -19% and 12% on the first postoperative day (ns). Inaccuracy was 23% and 18%, respectively (ns). We conclude that inter-individual variations in plasma protein binding can explain a significant portion of inter-individual variability in the EAC of alfentanil in the early postoperative phase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: van den Nieuwenhuyzen
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Engbers
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Burm
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Vletter
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: van Kleef
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Bovill
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015760:Alfentanil / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004360:Drug Therapy, Computer-Assisted; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D001798:Blood Proteins; D015760:Alfentanil