title: The role of growth factor on regeneration of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)--containing nerves after cavernous neurotomy in the rats.
abstract: Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) containing nerve regeneration can be seen six months after unilateral cavernous nerve neurotomy in rats. However, its molecular mechanism is still unknown. It is believed that growth factors are involved in this phenomenon. In this study we investigated the change of NOS containing nerve fibers and the RNA expression of insulin like growth factor (IGF)-I, nerve growth factor (NGF), transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha, TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 2. TGF-beta 3 and NOS on the penis after cavernous nerve neurotomy in rats. Male rats were divided into three groups: (1) sham operation (N = 10); (2) unilateral neurotomy of a 5 mm segment of the cavernous nerve (N = 15); and (3) bilateral neurotomy (n = 15). Electrostimulation of the intact cavernous nerve or pelvic ganglion was performed at one, three and six months. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) diaphorase staining was used to identify NOS in the penile nerve fibers. The gene expression for growth factors and bNOS was investigated in corporal tissue by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using specific oligonucleotide primers. One month after neurotomy, both unilateral and bilateral neurotomy groups showed a significant decrease in NOS-containing nerve fibers on the dorsal and intracavernosal nerves on the side of neurotomy, and a significantly lower mRNA expression of bNOS, IGF-I and TGF-beta 2. At three months, the number of NOS-containing nerve fibers in the unilateral neurotomy group increased only slightly but at six months those in the intracavernosal nerve increased in a significant amount (P < 0.0001), however mRNA expression of bNOS, IGF-I and TGF-beta 2 showed a significant increase as early as at three months. After bilateral neurotomy, the NOS-positive nerve fibers in the dorsal and intracavernosal nerve were significantly decreased at one month and remained so at six months; no erectile response could be elicited by pelvic ganglion stimulation. In the unilateral neurotomy group at six months, more NOS-positive neurons in the pelvic ganglia were found on the intact side than on the side of the neurotomy (P < 0.003), indicating that the regeneration derives from pelvic ganglion neurons on the intact side. Furthermore, electrostimulation in the unilateral neurotomy group revealed a greater maximal intracavernosal pressure and a shorter latency period at six months than at one month (P < 0.014, P < 0.001, respectively). These data suggest that IGF-I and TGF-beta 2 may play a key role in regeneration of NOS-containing nerve fibers in the dorsal and intracavernosal nerves after unilateral cavernous nerve injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Korea.
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.forename: I H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Koo
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: H Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yoon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003714:Denervation; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D015870:Gene Expression; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase / Q000032:analysis; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000201:enzymology*; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics; D009416:Nerve Regeneration; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D010410:Penile Erection; D010413:Penis / Q000294:innervation*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha / Q000235:genetics; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D006133:Growth Substances; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase