title: An assessment of the Standardized Assessment of Personality as a screening instrument for the International Personality Disorder Examination: a comparison of informant and patient assessment for personality disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE) has been developed as a standardized interview for personality disorders. While it has good psychometric properties, its length makes it difficult to use in the community in population research, particularly outside psychiatric settings. The informant-based Standard Assessment of Personality (SAP), which has been in use since 1981, could serve as a valid screen to detect likely personality disordered individuals who would then receive a definitive diagnosis by IPDE. This study aimed to compare the two instruments in their capacity to detect personality disorder according to ICD-10 taxonomy and to estimate the efficiency of the use of the two together in a case-finding exercise.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety psychiatric out-patients in Bangalore, India, were assessed for personality disorder using the two methods. Assessment was conducted by a pair of trained interviewers in random order and by random allocation to interviewer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall agreement between the two instruments in the detection of ICD-10 personality disorder was modest (kappa = 0.4). The level of agreement varied according to personality category, ranging from kappa 0.66 (dependent) to kappa 0.09 (dyssocial). The SAP proved to have a high negative predictive value (97%) for IPDE as the gold standard, suggesting its potential as a screen in samples where the expected prevalence of personality disorder is low.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A two-stage approach to epidemiological studies of personality disorder may be practicable.
authors.affiliation: Section of Epidemiology and General Practice, Institute of Psychiatry, London.
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Raven
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pilgrim
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khanna
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Velayudham
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Suresh
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Channabasavanna
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Janca
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sartorius
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D010552:Personality Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data