title: A heart-specific increase in cardiotrophin-1 gene expression precedes the establishment of ventricular hypertrophy in genetically hypertensive rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cardiotrophin-1 is a cytokine, a novel member of the interleukin-6 superfamily, which is isolated from mouse embryoid bodies. It is known to bind a gp130/ leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) receptor heterodimer and to induce myocyte hypertrophy. Accumulating evidence indicates that a gp130 signaling pathway is involved in cardiac development and ventricular hypertrophy.
  
  
  METHODS
  In order to elucidate the pathophysiologic significance of cardiotrophin-1 in ventricular hypertrophy associated with hypertension, we examined the level of cardiotrophin-1 mRNA in the ventricle of spontaneously hypertensive rats/Izm stroke-prone (SHRSP/Izm) in neonates, and at 4-, 12- and 20-weeks of age by Northern blot analysis. We also examined the gene expression of LIF by Northern blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant difference was observed in the level of cardiotrophin-1 mRNA in the ventricle between SHRSP/ Izm and Wistar-Kyoto/Izm (WKY/Izm) neonates. However, the level of cardiotrophin-1 mRNA in the ventricle was significantly augmented in 4-week-old SHRSP/Izm, which did not yet show overt ventricular hypertrophy, and its augmented expression lasted for the duration of the experimental period. The difference in the level of cardiotrophin-1 mRNA between the two strains was most prominent at the age of 4 weeks. This augmented expression of the cardiotrophin-1 gene was not related to the severity of left ventricular hypertrophy. The level of cardiotrophin-1 mRNA in other organs, including the kidney and lung, showed no significant change with aging and was not different between the two strains. After long-term treatment with lisinopril, levels of cardiotrophin-1 mRNA were not changed, although it morphologically prevented the development of left ventricular hypertrophy. LIF mRNA was not detected in any ventricles examined by Northern blot analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study demonstrates that the expression of cardiotrophin-1 mRNA is increased in the early stage of ventricular hypertrophy in SHRSP/Izm and it remains elevated after hypertrophy has been established. However, it is unlikely that cardiotrophin-1 plays a mechanistic role in the development and maintenance of left ventricular hypertrophy in SHRSP/Izm. The present study also suggests that cardiotrophin-1, but not LIF, is a possible candidate for natural ligand of a gp130 signaling pathway in the heart.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuwahara
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hamanaka
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kajiyama
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hosoya
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakao
mesh_terms: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D015415:Biomarkers; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015870:Gene Expression; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D017706:Lisinopril / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D017931:DNA Primers; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C092073:cardiotrophin 1; D017706:Lisinopril