title: Constitutive protein expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) by myelomonocytic cell lines and regulation of the secretion by anti- and proinflammatory stimuli.
abstract: We have investigated the protein expression of the chemokine monocyte chemotactic/chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in various human myelomonocytic leukemia cell lines. Applying specific ELISA, we demonstrated that this chemokine is produced constitutively by the cell lines HL-60, ML-2, MONO-MAC-6 and MUTZ-3 ranging between 440 and 1400 pg/ml MCP-1 per million cells. In the culture medium of two other unstimulated cell lines, MONO-MAC-1 and THP-1, almost no MCP-1 was detected. Stimulation of HL-60 and MONO-MAC-6 with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and stimulation of ML-2 and MUTZ-3 with 12-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA) dramatically increased the MCP-1 level in the culture medium. The highest amount of MCP-1 (> 80 ng/ml within 24 h) was achieved by TPA stimulation of MUTZ-3 cells. Out of 15 cytokines tested for induction or enhancement of MCP-1 secretion, interleukin-3 (IL-3), IL-6, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and tumor necrosis factor (TNFalpha) were able to augment (twofold to 12-fold) the MCP-1 level in the culture medium of MONO-MAC-6 cells. While the antinflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13 failed to suppress MCP-1 secretion, the glucocorticoid dexamethasone strongly inhibited the MCP-1 production of unstimulated and stimulated MONO-MAC-6 cells. Thus, several regulatory elements are involved in MCP-1 secretion. Despite the quantitative differences of MCP-1 production among the cell lines analyzed, our results demonstrated a constitutive secretion in differentiation-arrested myelomonocytic leukemia cell lines and emphasize the usefulness of these malignant cell lines as models to study MCP-1 secretion and regulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human and Animal Cell Cultures, DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen, Braunschweig, Germany. kst@dsmz.de
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Steube
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Drexler
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D015479:Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate