title: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in children: lessons learned from the first 100 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a very common operation in adults but is relatively infrequently required in children. A retrospective review of 100 consecutive infants and children undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomies from 1990 to 1998 was performed to see what lessons have been learned from this relatively large population of pediatric patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients ranged in age from 25 to 230 months, with a mean of 105 months. Only 19 patients had hemolytic disease as the etiology for their cholelithiasis. Two patients had biliary dyskinesia. Seventy-eight patients underwent an elective operation. Twenty-two children required urgent hospitalization because of complications from their cholelithiasis: acute cholecystitis (n = 7), jaundice and pain (n = 6), gallstone pancreatitis (n = 5), acute biliary colic (n = 4). All 6 patients who presented with jaundice underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) before their laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Two patients required laparoscopic choledochal exploration. The operating time and postoperative hospitalization were significantly longer (P = .0005) in the complicated group when compared with the elective patients. No significant complications such as the need for reoperation, injury to the choledocuhus or to other viscera, bile leak, or retained choledocholithiasis occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a safe, effective procedure in children for removal of the gallbladder. The exact role of routine cholangiography and ERCP remains unclear.
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt Children's Hospital, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Holcomb
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Neblett
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Pietsch
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: O'Neill
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shyr
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors