title: MR-guided RF thermal ablation of the kidney in a porcine model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study was to evaluate the ability of MR imaging to reveal RF interstitial thermotherapy in the porcine kidney, as a model for future human trials, and to provide guidance for RF probe insertion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten MR-guided RF ablations were performed in the kidneys of three pigs. A 17-gauge monopolar RF probe electrode was inserted into the renal cortex using MR guidance, and RF was applied for 10 min. After postprocedure imaging (T2-weighted, turbo short inversion time inversion recovery [STIR], and T1-weighted sequences), the kidneys were harvested for pathologic examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Successful RF probe placement was accomplished in all cases; the interventional procedure time for probe insertion ranged from 4 to 15 min. The thermal lesion size varied from 7 to 14 mm perpendicular to the probe track and was best seen on turbo STIR images. Turbo STIR had the highest renal cortex-to-RF thermal lesion contrast-to-noise ratio with an average of 4.4 +/- 3.5. Turbo STIR imaging never overestimated pathologic lesion diameter with a mean difference of 1.5 +/- 1.4 mm. Three subcapsular hematomas occurred. which could be detected immediately on postprocedure imaging.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MR-guided RF thermal ablation in the porcine kidney was found to be feasible, but minor complications occurred. Induced thermal lesion size was best monitored using turbo STIR images. In the future, RF ablation may offer an alternative treatment option for renal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology/Division of MRI, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University, OH 44106-5056, USA.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Merkle
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Shonk
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Duerk
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lewin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods; D007668:Kidney / Q000601:surgery*; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D015642:Radiology, Interventional; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors