title: Infectious endocarditis in pacemaker endocardial leads: report of three cases.
abstract: Three cases of endocarditis affecting endocardial leads of permanent pacemakers are presented with a review of the literature. Vegetations were identified using transesophageal echocardiography. Infection of pacemaker leads is far less common than infection at the site of the pulse generator with greater morbidity and mortality and generally requiring surgical removal of both electrodes and power source. The most frequent infective agents are stahylococcus varieties.
authors.affiliation: Departament of Electrocardiography, Electrophysiology and Echocardiography, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, INCICH, México, D. F.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cruz-Cruz
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Espinola-Zavaleta
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hernández Lara
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Iturralde-Torres
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: González-Hermosillo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Romero-Cárdenas
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Keirns
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vargas-Barrón
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D004566:Electrodes; D004697:Endocarditis, Bacterial / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology