title: Optic nerve oxygen tension in pigs and the effect of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate how the oxygen tension of the optic nerve (ONP(O)2) is affected by the administration of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitors dorzolamide and acetazolamide and by alterations in oxygen and carbon dioxide in the breathing mixture.
  
  
  METHODS
  Polarographic oxygen electrodes were placed in the vitreous humor immediately over the optic disc in 20 anesthetized pigs. Blood gasses and cardiovascular physiology were monitored. ONP(O)2 was recorded continuously with breathing gasses of 21% O2-79% N2, 100% O2, 20% O2-80% N2, and 5.19% CO2-19.9%, O2-74.9% N2. Acetazolamide (15-1000 mg) and dorzolamide (6-1000 mg) were administered intravenously.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean (+/- SD) ONP(O)2 was found to be 24.1+/-11.6 mm Hg when the pigs were breathing room air and 50.7+/-29.3 mm Hg when they were breathing 100% O2 (n = 15; P < 0.001). In response to breathing 5.19% CO2, ONP(O)2 changed from 20.8+/-5.6 mm Hg (with 20.0% O2) to 28.9+/-3.6 mm Hg (n = 4; P < 0.001). Intravenous injections of 500 mg dorzolamide increased ONP(O)2 from 16.4+/-6.1 mm Hg to 26.9+/-12.2 mm Hg, or 52.5%+/-21.2% (n = 5; P = 0.017). A dose-dependent effect on ONP(O)2 was seen with intravenous dorzolamide doses of 1000, 500, 250, 125, 63, 27, 15, and 6 mg. Intravenous injections of 500 mg acetazolamide increased ONP(O)2 from 23.6+/-9.5 mm Hg to 30.9+/-10.0 mm Hg (n = 6; P < 0.001), and a dose-dependent effect was seen with doses of 1000, 500, 250, 125, 31, and 15 mg.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ONP(O)2 is significantly increased by the carbonic anhydrase inhibition of dorzolamide and acetazolamide, and the effect is dose dependent. These data demonstrate for the first time a direct effect of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors on ONP(O)2.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik. einarste@rsp.is
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stefánsson
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eysteinsson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bang
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Kiilgaard
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dollerup
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Scherfig
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: la Cour
mesh_terms: D000086:Acetazolamide / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D017736:Ion-Selective Electrodes; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000098:blood supply*; D009900:Optic Nerve / Q000502:physiology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects*; D011048:Polarography; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D013552:Swine; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013876:Thiophenes; C062765:dorzolamide; D000086:Acetazolamide; D010100:Oxygen