title: Tamoxifen and endometrial pathologies: a prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to prospectively follow a group of women with breast cancer, on tamoxifen, for the development of endometrial pathologies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty women with breast cancer, on tamoxifen, were prospectively followed every 6 months with pelvic examination, Pap smear, vaginal ultrasound, and endometrial biopsy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine women were lost to follow-up prior to initiation of treatment and 4 refused biopsies, leaving 67 patients for evaluation. Fifty (74.6%) of the 67 patients were already on tamoxifen for a mean duration of 15.8 +/- 16.6 months and had a baseline benign, unremarkable endometrium at the time of entry into the study. The total duration of treatment was 32.5 +/- 19.6 months (median 30 months). The mean age of the patients was 51.7 +/- 9.9 years (median 52 years). Of the patients, 56.7% were postmenopausal. Sixty-three patients had a benign endometrium (mean age 51.8 +/- 10.1 years, mean duration 33.1 +/- 19.6 months). Two patients had simple hyperplasia (mean age 43.5 years, duration 28.5 +/- 33.2 months), 1 patient had complex hyperplasia with atypia (age 57 years, duration 13 months), and another patient developed adenocarcinoma (grade 3) after 22 months. These 4 patients had abnormal vaginal bleeding. Seven patients developed endometrial polyps (mean age 54.0 +/- 8.5 years, duration 36 +/- 24.2 months). The mean endometrial thickness for patients with histologically unremarkable and abnormal endometrium was not significantly different (7.6 +/- 3.9 vs 8.8 +/- 5.0 mm, respectively) (median 7.0 mm for both groups). No endometrial thickness cutoff point reached statistical significance. The patient who developed endometrial cancer had a thickness of only 3 mm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All patients who developed an abnormal endometrium had abnormal vaginal bleeding. There was no correlation between endometrial thickness and endometrial pathology; thus the value of routine screening remains controversial.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seoud
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shamseddine
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khalil
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Salem
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saghir
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bikhazi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bitar
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Azar
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaspar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004714:Endometrial Hyperplasia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D013629:Tamoxifen