title: A canine model of heart failure by intracoronary adriamycin injection: hemodynamic and energetic results.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To eliminate the noncardiac toxicities associated with Adriamycin (Pharmacia Upjohn, Kalamazoo, MI) and to avoid the need for surgical implantation of a coronary artery catheter, we proposed serial intracoronary infusions of Adriamycin (Pharmacia Upjohn) with a Judkins catheter to develop a nonsurgical but selective model of dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-two dogs were entered onto the study. Each dog received four weekly injections of Adriamycin (Pharmacia Upjohn; 15 mg/wk) through a Judkins catheter and verapamil orally (5 mg/kg twice daily) for 4 weeks. Dogs were evaluated with echocardiography, right-sided cardiac catheterization, and endomyocardial biopsy at times 0 and 10 weeks. The left ventricular ejection fraction decreased from 0.65 +/- 0.04 to 0.48 +/- 0.11 (P = .0006). The left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameter indices increased from 42.00 +/- 2.17 to 46.92 +/- 5.81 mm (P = .0029) and from 27.65 +/- 2.59 to 35.00 +/- 6.84 mm, respectively (P = .0210). The mechanical cardiac efficiency decreased from 28.55% +/- 13.30% at baseline and 15.64% +/- 9.09% at 10 weeks (P = .001). Cardiac myocyte vacuolation was present on histological examination at 10 weeks. The mortality rate was 41%. Minimal systemic Adriamycin (Pharmacia Upjohn) toxicity was noticed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intracoronary injection of Adriamycin (Pharmacia Upjohn) in dogs induced a chronic dilated cardiomyopathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Monnet
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Orton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001706:Biopsy; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D003331:Coronary Vessels; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D004452:Echocardiography; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007269:Injections, Intra-Arterial; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004317:Doxorubicin