title: Characteristics of hospitalized heroin smokers and heroin injectors in Taiwan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Heroin usage in Taiwan has been under-investigated. Use of the same drug by different routes provides an opportunity for examination of drug behavior and complications related to the drug itself and to the different routes of administration.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 245 hospitalized heroin users received semi-structured interviews, drug screen urine tests, serological screens for hepatitis B infection, and liver function tests. The sample was divided into a smokers group and an injectors group for comparison.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The heroin injectors had lower educational status, spent less money on day-to-day heroin usage, but had longer drug-using careers than the heroin smokers. There was a trend for injectors to have a higher rate of abnormal liver function than the smokers although there was no significant difference in the prevalence of hepatitis B infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Major differences exist between heroin smokers and heroin injectors. Therefore harm reduction intervention for heroin users should take account of the different routes of administration. A comprehensive survey of risk factors relating to hepatic dysfunction in heroin addicts in Taiwan is indicated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000209:etiology; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000209:etiology; D003932:Heroin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000150:complications*; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D003932:Heroin