title: Estrogen receptor-alpha in the raphe serotonergic and supramammillary area calretinin-containing neurons of the female rat.
abstract: It is well established that estrogen affects hippocampal long-term potentiation and hippocampus-related memory processes. Furthermore, theta rhythm, in conjunction with long-term potentiation, influences memory and is regulated by subcortical structures, including the median raphe and supramammillary area. To test the validity of the hypothesis that the effects of estrogen on the hippocampus are mediated, at least partly, via these subcortical structures, it must first be determined whether the neurons of the median raphe and supramammillary area contain estrogen receptors. Light and electron microscopic double immunostaining for estrogen receptor-alpha plus serotonin and estrogen receptor-alpha plus calretinin on vibratome sections of the median raphe and supramammillary area, respectively, demonstrated that large populations of the median raphe serotonin and supramammillary area calretinin neurons exhibit estrogen receptor-immunoreactive nuclei. These observations indicate that circulating gonadal hormones can affect hippocampal electric activity indirectly, via those subcortical structures that are involved in theta rhythm regulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Section of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, FMB 328, New Haven CT 06520-8063, USA, csaba.leranth@yale.edu
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leranth
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shanabrough
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Horvath
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D064032:Calbindin 2; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D005260:Female; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D011903:Raphe Nuclei / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D051381:Rats; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D064030:S100 Calcium Binding Protein G / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C576512:Calb2 protein, rat; D064032:Calbindin 2; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D064030:S100 Calcium Binding Protein G