title: Differentiation of neuroblastoma cells by phorbol esters and insulin-like growth factor 1 is associated with induction of retinoic acid receptor beta gene expression.
abstract: The retinoic acid (RA) receptor beta isoform (RARbeta) plays an important role in RA-induced differentiation of human neuroblastoma. In this study we show that insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA) induce RARbeta gene expression in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. IGF-1 and TPA caused a marked induction of RARbeta2 promoter activity and had a synergistic effect with RA that also upregulates transcription. The effect of RA is mediated by two RA responsive elements (RAREs), whereas the IGF-1 and TPA actions are independent of the RAREs and map to sequences that overlap the TATA box. These results suggest that the signaling pathways stimulated by TPA and IGF-1 could modify the components assembled at the core RARbeta2 promoter and activate transcription. Expression of RasVal12 mimics the effect of IGF-1 and TPA on the promoter, and a dominant negative Ras mutant abrogates activation. A dominant negative Raf also blocks activation showing that the Ras-Raf pathway mediates stimulation of the RARbeta2 promoter. Our results show that neuronal differentiation induced by non-retinoid agents that activate Ras is accompanied by increased transcription of the RARbeta gene.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid 28029, Spain.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Perez-Juste
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aranda
mesh_terms: D002273:Carcinogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000502:physiology*; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; C082925:retinoic acid receptor beta; D014212:Tretinoin; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate