title: Effects of Plasmodium berghei infection on cytochromes P-450 2E1 and 3A2.
abstract: Metabolism and disposition of most drugs used to treat malaria are substantially altered in malaria infection. Few data are available that specify effects of malaria infection on drug metabolism pathways in humans or animal model systems. In this report, studies were undertaken to determine the effect of Plasmodium berghei infection on cytochrome P-450 (CYP450) 2E1 and 3A2-mediated metabolism and enzyme expression in rat liver microsomes. Malaria infection (MAL) resulted in significant decreases in total cytochrome P-450 content (56%, P < 0.05) and NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase activity (32%, P < 0.05) as compared to control (CON) rats. Chlorzoxazone 4-hydroxylase activity (CYP2E1-mediated) showed no significant difference between CON and MAL microsomes while testosterone 6-beta-hydroxylase activity (CYP3A2-mediated) was reduced by 41% (P < 0.05) in MAL. Enzyme kinetic studies and immunoblot analysis indicate that the loss of activity for CYP3A2 in malaria infection is due to significantly decreased CYP3A2 protein expression. The altered expression of CYP450s in malaria infection should be taken into account when treating patients with malaria in order to minimize drug-drug interactions or toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uhl
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Grace
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Kocisko
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Jennings
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Brewer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002753:Chlorzoxazone / Q000032:analysis; D019392:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003720:Densitometry; D015151:Immunoblotting; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008288:Malaria / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009251:NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010962:Plasmodium berghei / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013250:Steroid Hydroxylases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013739:Testosterone / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D013739:Testosterone; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; D013250:Steroid Hydroxylases; D019392:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1; C022657:steroid hormone 6-beta-hydroxylase; D009251:NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase; D002753:Chlorzoxazone