title: Tarsal switch procedure for the surgical rehabilitation of the eyelid and socket deficiencies of the anophthalmic socket.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe a tarsal transfer procedure, which we have named the "tarsal switch," to correct the eyelid malpositions and camouflage the socket defects of acquired anophthalmos.
  
  
  METHODS
  The technique consists of an upper eyelid tarsectomy, with transfer of the autologous tarsoconjunctival graft to the posterior lamella of the lower eyelid.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The operation was performed in 21 anophthalmic patients. In 16 patients with eyelid malpositions, excellent results (within 1 mm of the fellow eye) were attained in 100% of the patients with ptosis, and in 88% of patients with lower eyelid retraction. In the remaining 5 patients, orbital volume loss with secondary implant migration, inferior prosthetic displacement and eyelid asymmetry predominated. In these patients the anophthalmic orbital defects and eyelid asymmetry were masked well. Patient satisfaction was high and complications were few during an average follow-up interval of 16 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The tarsal switch procedure is useful in managing the eyelid malpositions and masking the orbital deficiencies of the anophthalmic socket.
authors.affiliation: Sinskey Eye Institute, Santa Monica, California 90404, USA.
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Massry
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hornblass
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rubin
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Holds
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000853:Anophthalmos / Q000150:complications*; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000601:surgery; D015353:Eye Enucleation; D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D005143:Eyelids / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D009916:Orbital Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D020273:Orbital Implants; D013524:Surgical Flaps