title: Transmyocardial laser revascularisation has no beneficial effect on high energy phosphates and lactate content during acute myocardial ischaemia in pigs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Transmyocardial laser revascularisation (TMLR) is used to treat endstage coronary heart disease. There is evidence that angina is significantly reduced after TMLR. However, the precise mechanism by which symptoms disappear remains unknown. The objective of the present study was to examine the potential effects of TMLR on high-energy phosphates and myocardial perfusion in an acute ischaemic model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five male landrace pigs (42 +/- 1.8 kg) had TMLR of the anterolateral wall of the left ventricle using a 1000 W CO2 laser (PLC, USA). Thereafter the anterior descending coronary artery was occluded with a tourniquet. After 90 min of ischaemia, drill-biopsies were taken from ischaemic and non-ischaemic areas as well as from laser channels. The specimens were snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen. Subsequently, methylene blue was injected into the left atrium to study tissue distribution. The hearts were excised and the patency of channels was examined visually.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Coronary artery occlusion resulted in immediate blue discoloration in both TMLR and control areas. There was no subendocardial methylene blue staining around laser channels. Inspection of hearts showed occlusion of laser channels due to thrombus formation at both endo- and epicardial levels. ATP-metabolites significantly increased in ischaemic areas compared to non-ischaemic areas. Furthermore there was significant upregulation of purine-content in ischaemic regions even in areas with laser channels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our acute model there was early occlusion of the channels after TMLR. We suggest that clinical improvement after this procedure is not due to increased myocardial oxygen delivery, since high energy phosphate levels and lactate content remained unchanged.
authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institute, Kerckhoff-Clinic, Department for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Bad Nauheim, Germany. oliver.reuthebuch@kerckhoff.med.uni-giessen.de
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Reuthebuch
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Podzuweit
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Binz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Klövekorn
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Bauer
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D001706:Biopsy; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006325:Heart Atria; D007267:Injections; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008297:Male; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization / Q000379:methods*; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D010710:Phosphates; D019344:Lactic Acid; D008751:Methylene Blue