title: Vascular endothelial growth factor-C stimulates the migration and proliferation of Kaposi's sarcoma cells.
abstract: Recent evidence suggesting vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C), which is a regulator of lymphatic and vascular endothelial development, raised the question whether this molecule could be involved in Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), a strongly angiogenic and inflammatory tumor often associated with infection by human immunodeficiency virus-1. This disease is characterized by the presence of a core constituted of three main populations of "spindle" cells, having the features of lymphatic/vascular endothelial cells, macrophagic/dendritic cells, and of a mixed macrophage-endothelial phenotype. In this study we evaluated the biological response of KS cells to VEGF-C, using an immortal cell line derived from a KS lesion (KS IMM), which retains most features of the parental tumor and can induce KS-like sarcomas when injected subcutaneously in nude mice. We show that VEGFR-3, the specific receptor for VEGF-C, is expressed by KS IMM cells grown in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, VEGF-C induces the tyrosine phosphorylation of VEGFR-2, a receptor also for VEGF-A, as well as that of VEGFR-3. The activation of these two receptors in KS IMM cells is followed by a dose-responsive mitogenic and motogenic response. The stimulation of KS IMM cells with a mutant VEGF-C unable to bind and activate VEFGR-2 resulted in no proliferative response and in a weak motogenic stimulation, suggesting that VEGFR-2 is essential in transducing a proliferative signal and cooperates with VEGFR-3 in inducing cell migration. Our data add new insights on the pathogenesis of KS, suggesting that the involvement of endothelial growth factors may not only determine KS-associated angiogenesis, but also play a critical role in controlling KS cell growth and/or migration and invasion.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment, Department of Genetics, University of Torino Medical School, 10060 Candiolo, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marchiò
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Primo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pagano
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Palestro
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Albini
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Veikkola
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cascone
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Alitalo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bussolino
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002633:Chemotaxis / Q000187:drug effects; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D010766:Phosphorylation; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D012514:Sarcoma, Kaposi / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014443:Tyrosine; D014471:Umbilical Veins; D042582:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C; D040321:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D042582:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C; D014443:Tyrosine; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D040321:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3