title: Serum prostate-specific antigen and prostate volume predict long-term changes in symptoms and flow rate: results of a four-year, randomized trial comparing finasteride versus placebo. PLESS Study Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether baseline prostate-specific antigen (PSA), in addition to prostate volume, is associated with long-term changes in symptoms and urinary flow rate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three thousand forty men with benign prostatic hyperplasia enrolled in the PLESS trial were randomly assigned to finasteride 5 mg or placebo for 4 years. Symptoms and flow rate were assessed every 4 months, and data were analyzed by dividing the patients into three groups by baseline PSA tertiles (0 to 1.3, 1.4 to 3.2, and 3.3 ng/mL or greater) and baseline prostate volume tertiles (14 to 41, 42 to 57, and 58 to 1 50 mL).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After the initial placebo effect, a slow deterioration in symptoms over time was observed in the placebo-treated men with a baseline PSA 1.4 ng/mL or greater. However, placebo-treated men in the lowest PSA tertile (less than 1.4 ng/mL) had sustained symptomatic improvement that was not seen in placebo-treated men in the higher tertiles (P<0.001). In all finasteride-treated groups, there was initial improvement followed by maintenance or continued symptom improvement over time (approximately 3 to 3.5 points by the end of 4 years). The differences in symptom score improvement between placebo and finasteride were marginal for men with baseline PSA levels less than 1.4 ng/mL (P = 0.128) but were highly significant for men with PSA levels 1.4 ng/mL or greater (P<0.001). Urinary flow rate results were similar to those observed for symptoms. Analysis of symptom and flow rate data by prostate volume tertiles in a 10% subset of men yielded similar results, namely a deterioration of symptoms and flow rate in the two higher tertiles treated with placebo (greater than 41 mL) and a sustained improvement in all three groups of finasteride-treated patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Baseline PSA and prostate volume are good predictors of long-term symptomatic and flow rate changes. Baseline PSA levels of 1.4 ng/mL or greater and enlarged prostate glands predict the best long-term response to finasteride compared with placebo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-9110, USA.
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Roehrborn
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boyle
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bergner
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gittelman
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shown
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Melman
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Bracken
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: deVere White
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Waldstreicher
mesh_terms: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018120:Finasteride / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors; D014563:Urodynamics
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D018120:Finasteride; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen