title: Stimulatory effect of taurine on calcium ion uptake in rod outer segments of the rat retina is independent of taurine uptake.
abstract: Taurine stimulates ATP-dependent Ca(2+) uptake in the rat rod outer segments (ROS). This stimulation has been linked to the function of the cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel, implying an important physiologic role for taurine in visual signal transduction. Calmodulin (CaM) has been reported to affect taurine transport in the choroid plexus and also to inhibit the cyclic nucleotide-gated channel; thus, the effects of the competitive CaM inhibitors trifluoperazine (TFP) and N-(8-aminooctyl)-5-iodonaphthalene-1-sulfonamide (J-8) were studied on Ca(2+) and taurine uptake in the rat ROS. Pretreatment of the ROS preparation with TFP and J-8 for 5 min before measurement of Ca(2+)-uptake activity produced inhibition of the effects of taurine on ATP-dependent Ca(2+) uptake. Both TFP and J-8 also were effective in inhibiting high-affinity taurine uptake. In both uptake systems, inhibition by TFP was noncompetitive. These data initially suggested that the stimulatory effects of taurine on ATP-dependent Ca(2+) uptake are dependent on taurine uptake. However, competitive inhibition of taurine uptake by guanidinoethane sulfonate did not produce any effect on the stimulatory effects of taurine. Previous studies have proposed that taurine binds directly to the plasma membrane, and our study demonstrated that TFP inhibits taurine binding to the ROS. In addition, our study demonstrated that taurine uptake is unaffected by varying the concentration of Ca(2+) and that the effects of TFP are independent of Ca(2+), suggesting that TFP acts through a CaM-independent mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Militante
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lombardini
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D017136:Ion Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012374:Rod Cell Outer Segment / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D013654:Taurine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014268:Trifluoperazine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002147:Calmodulin; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D013654:Taurine; D014268:Trifluoperazine; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D002118:Calcium