title: [Conformational radiotherapy for bladder cancer: limits to precision and potential advantages of the utilization of proton beams].
abstract: Studies have been conducted and are ongoing to determine the utility of radiotherapy (with or without chemotherapy) as an alternative to surgery and for organ preservation in infiltrating cancer of the bladder. There are data that suggest that a higher dose of radiation can increase the probability of achieving local tumor control. However, a higher dose can only by utilized with greater precision in order to reduce radiation to the surrounding normal tissues. The variability and unpredictability of the bladder makes precision in irradiation difficult. Immobilization of the bladder with a balloon has been attempted but reproducibility was scanty. A 2 cm safety margin around the tumor appears to be the most appropriate method to ensure delivery of radiation to the target. High energy proton beams possess characteristic (fine trajectory and dose can be significantly reduced once the energy beam has reached a specific depth) that enhance precision in the treatment of an important number of tumors such as bladder cancer. In this study it is shown that proton radiation therapy permits a better dose distribution than with photons (25 MV x-rays) in a specific case of bladder cancer. In comparison to photon radiation therapy, this theroretical optimization permits administering a 10% higher dose with proton beams while reducing the dose to the neighbouring organs. This advantage can even be more important if we consider the 2 cm safety margin around the tumor. However, clinical studies are warranted to evaluate the potential benefits of a greater precision with high dose external radiation using proton beams or enhanced photon radiation therapy.
authors.affiliation: División Radio-Oncologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Gènève, Hôpital Contonal, Suiza. Raymond.Miralbell@hcuge.ch
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Miralbell
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D011522:Protons; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*
chemical_list: D011522:Protons