title: [Retroequatorial myopexy combined with bimedial recession for near-distance disparity esotropia].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In cases of esotropia combined with a high AC/A ratio, partly accommodative convergence excess or with nonaccommodative convergence excess, two methods of surgical therapy are possible: recession of the medial recti (Parks) and retroequatorial myopexy (Cüppers). Our aim was to answer the question whether retroequatorial myopexy alone and in combination with bimedial recession are appropriate methods of reducing the strabismic angle at near and distant fixation to values under 10 PD and near-distance disparity to less than 10 PD to form the basis for single binocular vision without bifocals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-three patients, aged 2-14 years (39 boys and 44 girls), were included in the study: 37 children (group A) with early-onset near-distance esotropia of 14-48 PD for distance and 26-65 PD for near objects and 46 children (group B) with acquired near-distance esotropia of 8-45 PD for distance and 26-70 PD for near objects. Inclusion criteria were a near-distanced disparity of at least 10 PD (range 10-33 PD), a follow-up of at least 3 months (median 5 months, range 3-69 months), retinoscopy in cycloplegia and full refractive correction. The amount of conventional surgery was chiefly based on the distance angle of esotropia. The myopexy was placed 12, 13 and 14 mm behind the insertion of the medial rectus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 73 of 83 patients (88%) we were able to reduce the strabismic angle for distance and near fixation to less than 10 PD and in 73 cases even under 5 PD. In 77 of 83 patients (93%) the near-distance disparity was reduced to less than 10 PD and in 72 patients (87%) even under 5 PD. Postoperatively, 9 children had bifocals, but 3 of them have meanwhile discarded them. Two cases were slightly ocvercorrected and 1 case undercorrected. Seventy children (84%) attained grade of binocularity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Retroequatorial myopexy (fadenoperation) alone and combined with bimedial recession is an effective procedure in treating esotropia with abnormal near-distance disparity.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung für Kinderaugenheilkunde und Schielbehandlung, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankurt/Main.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Stärk
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vanselow
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stahl
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Zubcov
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004948:Esotropia / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009216:Myopia / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery*; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015357:Vision Disparity