Identification of a mammalian brain sulfate transporter.
Sulfate is an essential anion involved in many biosynthetic and pharmacological reactions. Sulfate is an important constituent of myelin membranes in the brain; however, very little is known as to how sulfate enters brain cells. In this study, our aim was to determine whether the mammalian brain possesses a sulfate transporter. Injection of rat brain poly A(+) RNA into Xenopus oocytes led to an induction of Na(+)-independent sulfate transport, which was inhibited by oxalate, probenecid, phenol red, thiosulfate and DIDS. Hybrid depletion using sat-1 antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides led to a complete inhibition of brain mRNA-induced sulfate transport in Xenopus oocytes, suggesting the presence of a functional sat-1 transcript in the brain. By RT-PCR, sat-1 mRNA was detected throughout the rat brain and in situ hybridisation showed highest sat-1 expression in the hippocampus and cerebellum. This is the first study to identify and characterise a functional mammalian brain sulfate transporter.
Lee
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A
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia.
Beck
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Brown
R J
RJ
Markovich
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D
D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D017136:Ion Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D020319:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D009865:Oocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D000076988:Sulfate Transporters; D013431:Sulfates / Q000378:metabolism*; D014982:Xenopus laevis
D002352:Carrier Proteins; D017931:DNA Primers; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D020319:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C085609:SLC26A4 protein, human; D000076988:Sulfate Transporters; D013431:Sulfates; D012964:Sodium