title: The effect of casting conditions on the biaxial flexural strength of glass-ceramic materials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effect of mould and glass casting temperatures on the biaxial flexural strength (BFS) of two different types of castable glass-ceramic, using existing laboratory equipment and techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two castable glass-ceramic materials were evaluated. One glass (LG3) is based on SiO2-Al2O3-P2O5-CaO-CaF2, and is similar in composition to glasses used in the manufacture of glass-ionomer cements. The other glass (SG3) is based on SiO2-K2O-Na2O-CaO-CaF2, and is a canasite-based material. Both materials were used to produce discs of 12 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness using the same lost-wax casting process as used for metal castings. Mould temperatures of between 500 degrees C and 1000 degrees C and glass casting temperatures of between 1100 degrees C and 1450 degrees C were evaluated. The cast discs were cerammed and the biaxial flexural strength determined with a Lloyd 2000 R tester.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant difference was found for the BFS in the range of mould temperatures evaluated, with the optimum investment mould temperature being 590 degrees C for LG3 and 610 degrees C for SG3 (p = 0.0002 and p = 0.019, respectively). No significant differences were seen between any of the glass casting temperatures evaluated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mould temperature for castable glass-ceramic materials produced using the lost-wax casting process can have a significant effect on BFS. The optimum mould temperature may differ slightly depending on the type of material being used. The glass casting temperature of these materials does not appear to have a significant effect on BFS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Sheffield, UK. a.johnson@sheffield.ac.uk
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Shareef
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: P V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Hatton
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Noort
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Hill
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry*; D003735:Dental Casting Technique; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing; D018583:Pliability; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D003776:Dental Porcelain; C023506:Glass ceramics