title: Whole abdominal radiotherapy following second-look laparotomy for ovarian carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The safety and efficacy of whole abdominal radiotherapy was evaluated as salvage or consolidation treatment for ovarian cancer patients treated with primary surgery and chemotherapy, followed by second-look laparotomy (SLL). Overall survival and acute and late toxicity of treated patients were assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were recruited between April 1981 and June 1994. All patients had SLL performed at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital after completion of primary chemotherapy. Data collected included demographic details, diagnosis, tumor stage, histology, grade, adjuvant chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Radiation dose and fractionation, field size, boost volume and dose, failure to complete treatment and treatment interruptions, renal dose, and acute and late toxicity were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-one patients were evaluated; the median age was 51 years. Median follow-up for patients still alive was 62 months. Prior to 1988, chemotherapy comprised oral chlorambucil, with or without cisplatin (n = 25), while after this date all patients (n = 26) received primary cisplatin-based therapy. A radiation dose of 22. 5 Gy over 22 fractions was planned to the whole abdomen followed by a pelvic boost of 22 Gy in 11 fractions. Radiotherapy was completed in 37 (73%) patients. Treatment interruptions were necessary in 12 (24%) patients. Thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea were the main causes of incomplete or interrupted treatment. Late bowel toxicity was seen in 6 (12%) patients, 2 of whom required laparotomy to relieve obstruction. There were no treatment-related deaths. Seven of the 51 patients are alive and free of disease, 2 died from other causes, and 2 are alive with evidence of recurrent or progressive disease. Mean follow-up time for surviving patients is 78.5 months. Overall survival at 2, 5, and 10 years was 65, 27, and 10%, respectively. Residual disease after primary surgery, smaller preirradiation tumor residuum, and completion of radiotherapy were independently associated with improved overall survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this poor-prognosis group of patients, a combined approach of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, while associated with acceptable toxicity, may not afford a prolongation of survival.
authors.affiliation: University of Sydney, Sydney Gynaecologic Oncology Group, King George Vth and Royal Prince Alfred Hospitals, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2050, Australia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: MacGibbon
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bucci
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: MacLeod
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dalrymple
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Firth
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carter
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007813:Laparotomy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D012086:Reoperation