title: Magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound synovectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the feasibility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided high power focused ultrasound (FUS) to perform synovectomy noninvasively.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five New Zealand white male rabbit knees with experimentally induced arthritis underwent MRI-guided thermal surgery by high power (60 W/10 s) sonication. Evidence of tissue coagulation was monitored during the procedure and confirmed by gross and microscopic evaluation and MRI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Partial synovectomy was performed in five animals. Necrotized synovial tissue was observed on gross and microscopic evaluation. Visible signal intensity alterations including high signal intensity on T2-weighted (T2W) images and lack of contrast-enhancement on T1-weighted (T1W) post-contrast, post-sonication images were characteristic and reproducible.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrate the ability of high power sonication to destroy synovial tissue in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Foldes
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hynynen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shortkroff
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Winalski
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Collucci
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Koskinen
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: McDannold
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jolesz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods; D011817:Rabbits; D000074402:Synovectomy; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000166:cytology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D019786:Gadolinium DTPA