title: Identification of nuclear orphan receptors as regulators of expression of a neurotransmitter receptor gene.
abstract: Nuclear orphan receptors are known to be important mediators of neurogenesis, but the target genes of these transcription factors in the vertebrate nervous system remain largely undefined. We have previously shown that a 500-base pair fragment in the first intron of the GRIK5 gene, which encodes the kainate-preferring glutamate receptor subunit KA2, down-regulates gene expression. In our present studies, mutation of an 11-base pair element within this fragment resulted in a loss of nuclear protein binding and reverses negative regulation by the intron. Using yeast one-hybrid screening, we have identified intron-binding proteins from rat brain as COUP-TFI, EAR2, and NURR1. Gel shift studies with postnatal day 2 rat brain extract indicate the presence of COUP-TFs, EAR2, and NURR1 in the DNA-protein complex. Competition assays with GRIK5-binding site mutations show that the recombinant clones exhibit differential binding characteristics and suggest that the DNA-protein complex from postnatal day 2 rat brain may consist primarily of EAR2. The DNA binding activity was also observed to be enriched in rat neural tissue and developmentally regulated. Co-transfection assays showed that recombinant nuclear orphan receptors function as transcriptional repressors in both CV1 cells and rat CG4 oligodendrocyte cells. Direct interaction of the orphan receptors with and relief of repression by TFIIB indicate likely role(s) in active and/or transrepression. Our findings are thus consistent with the notion that multiple nuclear orphan receptors can regulate the transcription of a widely expressed neurotransmitter receptor gene by binding a common element in an intron and directly modulating the activity of the transcription machinery.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurophysiology, NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Chew
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Boutin
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gallo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D051838:COUP Transcription Factor I; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D009154:Mutation; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D057126:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2; D051381:Rats; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate / Q000235:genetics*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D035581:Transcription Factor TFIIB; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D051838:COUP Transcription Factor I; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C497591:Nr2f1 protein, rat; C539884:Nr4a2 protein, rat; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D057126:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D035581:Transcription Factor TFIIB; D014157:Transcription Factors