title: Therapeutic range of digoxin's efficacy in heart failure: what is the evidence?
abstract: Clinical studies have solidified the utility of digoxin in patients with left ventricular dysfunction and normal sinus rhythm. No definitive data have been published to clarify the range of serum digoxin concentrations associated with clinical benefit. The traditional therapeutic range of 0.8-2.0 ng/ml was developed originally to classify digoxin toxicity, not efficacy. In addition, this reference range was used before publication of the Digitalis Investigators Group trial. Clinical and neurohormonal studies have attempted to characterize serum concentrations that are associated with clinical efficacy.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Terra
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Washam
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Dunham
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Gattis
mesh_terms: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004077:Digoxin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006728:Hormones / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D009420:Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D006728:Hormones; D004077:Digoxin