title: Ovarian carcinoma cell cultures are resistant to TGF-beta1-mediated growth inhibition despite expression of functional receptors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the response of ovarian carcinoma cells to TGF-beta1 and to examine components of the TGF-beta signaling pathway.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three primary ovarian cancer cell (CSOC) cultures established from solid ovarian carcinomas were treated with TGF-beta1 and assayed for growth response by MTT assay. Expression of TGF-beta receptor I (TbetaR-I) and receptor II (TbetaR-II), essential for effective signaling, was determined by Western analysis of CSOC cultures. TGF-beta1 ligand-induced phosphorylation of TbetaR-I was determined by immunoprecipitation of TbetaR-I followed by a protein kinase assay to assess TbetaR-I phosphorylation, an essential first step in TGF-beta signal transduction. Gelatin zymography performed on 5 CSOC cultures incubated with TGF-beta1 was used to determine TGF-beta's effect on matrix metalloproteinase production. Normal ovarian surface epithelial cells were used for comparison.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen of twenty-three (78%) CSOC cultures demonstrated no significant growth inhibition in response to TGF-beta1 treatment. All cell cultures expressed TbetaR-I and TbetaR-II and exhibited TbetaR-I phosphorylation following TGF-beta1 treatment. CSOC cultures produced significantly higher levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) than normal ovarian surface epithelial cells; however, the level of MMP-2 expression was not regulated by TGF-beta1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that TGF-beta1 resistance and higher levels of MMP-2 production may be inherent properties of the ovarian cancer phenotype. The initial steps in the TGF-beta signaling pathway, receptor expression, ligand binding, and TbetaR-I phosphorylation, appear to be functional in primary ovarian cancer cell cultures. Therefore, the mechanism of growth resistance is downstream of TbetaR-I phosphorylation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA.
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Baldwin
authors.forename: B Y
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Karlan
mesh_terms: D002455:Cell Division; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases