title: Characteristics and behaviours associated with difficulty in performing activities of daily living among older New Zealand women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence of self-reported difficulty in performing activities of daily living (ADLs) and the associated characteristics and behaviours among older women in Auckland, New Zealand.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 569 community dwelling women aged 65 years and older were studied. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association of participant characteristics and behaviours with reported difficulty in performing > or = 1 of five basic ADLs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An age adjusted prevalence of 4.6% was found for reported ADL difficulty. Age > or = 85 years (odds ratio [OR] 5.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-30.2), history of stroke (OR 9.8; 95% CI 4.1-23.3), history of > or = 1 fall in the past year (OR 3.4; 95% CI 1.6-7.4), low body mass index (OR 2.8; 95% CI 1.2-6.4), and low grip strength (OR 2.6; 95% CI 1.2-5.5) were significantly and independently associated with ADL difficulty. Among women with ADL difficulty, the prevalence of adaptive equipment use was high (> 90%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several characteristics, medical conditions, and behaviours, some of which may be preventable, are associated with physical disability in older New Zealand women. Studies like this are an important step toward the development of interventions to reduce or delay disability and improve health and quality of life.
authors.affiliation: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Atlanta, USA. JAL7@CDC.GOV
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Langlois
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Norton
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leveille
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D009520:New Zealand; D009983:Orthopedic Equipment