title: Clonogenic growth of epithelial cells from normal colonic mucosa from both mice and humans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The factors controlling the proliferation and differentiation of the colonic mucosa are unknown and have proved difficult to identify mainly because of a lack of in vitro methods for studying the proliferative cells of the mucosa.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have developed a novel method of preparing a viable single-cell suspension from isolated crypts and cloning these single cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We have obtained clonogenic growth from this single-cell suspension with an average of 1 colony per 10(5) cells in control cultures. Addition of conditioned medium from the LIM1863 colon carcinoma cell line increased the mean colony number to 11 +/- 3 per 10(5) cells. The cells forming the colonies are still viable after 4 weeks in culture. The epithelial nature of the cells was confirmed by ultrastructural and immunohistochemical methods with staining for keratin 8 and 18 and anti-human epithelial membrane-specific antigen and a positive result on polymerase chain reaction for keratin 19.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have successfully cloned single cells from disaggregated colonic crypts from both human and murine colonic mucosa. We have also demonstrated the presence of an active clonogenic factor in the conditioned medium of a colon carcinoma cell line. Assays show that the clonogenic activity in the conditioned medium is not caused by the presence of any of the epidermal growth factor family of growth factors. This is the first report of a clonogenic assay for epithelial cells of normal colonic mucosa.
authors.affiliation: Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne Tumour Biology Branch, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia. robert.whitehead@mcmail.vanderbilt.edu
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Whitehead
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Demmler
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Rockman
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Watson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division; D002999:Clone Cells / Q000166:cytology; D003106:Colon / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003114:Colony-Forming Units Assay; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D006133:Growth Substances; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor