title: Pitx2 regulates lung asymmetry, cardiac positioning and pituitary and tooth morphogenesis.
abstract: Pitx1 and Pitx2 are highly homologous, bicoid-related transcription factors. Pitx2 was initially identified as the gene responsible for the human Rieger syndrome, an autosomal dominant condition that causes developmental abnormalities. Pitx2 is asymmetrically expressed in the left lateral-plate mesoderm, and mutant mice with laterality defects show altered patterns of Pitx2 expression that correlate with changes in the visceral symmetry (situs). Ectopic expression of Pitx2 in the right lateral-plate mesoderm alters looping of the heart and gut and reverses body rotation in chick and Xenopus embryos. Here we describe the phenotype of Pitx2 gene-deleted mice, characterized by defective body-wall closure, right pulmonary isomerism, altered cardiac position, arrest in turning and, subsequently, a block in the determination and proliferation events of anterior pituitary gland and tooth organogenesis. Thus, Pitx2 is a transcription factor that encodes 'leftness' of the lung.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department and School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093, USA.
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kioussi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: O'Connell
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Briata
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Szeto
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Izpisúa-Belmonte
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Rosenfeld
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics; D030301:Activin Receptors, Type II; D000818:Animals; D019521:Body Patterning / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D002460:Cell Line; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002678:Chimera; D017353:Gene Deletion; D006321:Heart / Q000196:embryology*; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D008168:Lung / Q000196:embryology*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors; D010641:Phenotype; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000196:embryology; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor / Q000502:physiology; D014070:Tooth / Q000196:embryology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014981:Xenopus; D000097577:Homeobox Protein PITX2
chemical_list: D030301:Activin Receptors, Type II; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000097577:Homeobox Protein PITX2; C101485:homeobox protein PITX1; C433629:homeobox protein PITX3