title: Pneumoperitoneum in healthy humans does not affect central blood volume or cardiac output.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study addresses the question of whether the elevation of the mean arterial pressure and central venous pressure in response to pneumoperitoneum for laparoscopic surgery is caused by increases in central blood volume and/or cardiac output.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven patients in good cardiopulmonary health and scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy, with a mean age of 42 years, were included. After induction of anaesthesia with fentanyl and propofol, radial arterial and central venous lines were introduced. The central blood volume and cardiac output were determined by the indicator-dilution technique, using inline densitometric measurements of indocyanine green (ICG). The measurements were made before and after the establishment of pneumoperitoneum by insufflation of carbon dioxide to an intra-abdominal pressure level of 11-13 mmHg.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean arterial pressure (62+/-6 mmHg) increased after induction of pneumoperitoneum by 40+/-26% (P<0.05) and the central venous pressure increased from 6+/-4 mmHg to 8+/-6 mmHg (P<0.05). The cardiac output (4.3+/-0.9 L/min) and central blood volume (1.5+/-0.5 L) were not affected by the induction of pneumoperitoneum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In healthy anaesthetized subjects, the elevation of mean arterial pressure and central venous pressure in response to pneumoperitoneum was not caused by enhancement in cardiac output or central blood volume.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Huddinge University Hospital, Sweden.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Wallin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sollevi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Odeberg-Wernerman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D001810:Blood Volume / Q000502:physiology*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology*; D002496:Central Venous Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007201:Indicator Dilution Techniques; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D007327:Insufflation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011028:Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial; D011312:Pressure; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D004396:Coloring Agents; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D005283:Fentanyl; D015742:Propofol