title: Preoperative evaluation of tumor ploidy in endometrial carcinoma: An accurate tool to identify patients at risk for extrauterine disease and recurrence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tumor ploidy is a strong prognostic factor in patients with endometrial carcinoma, but generally is evaluated only after surgery. The availability of a simple and reliable method to determine tumor ploidy before any treatment is initiated could be helpful in the selection of patients at high risk for advanced primary disease and subsequent recurrence, with several possible benefits. The objectives of the current study were: 1) to test the accuracy of flow cytometric determination of tumor ploidy from preoperative outpatient endometrial biopsies compared with standard postoperative evaluation from the surgical specimen and 2) to correlate this preoperative parameter with the local recurrence and extrauterine tumor spread.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tumor ploidy from both preoperative biopsy material and the macroscopic surgical specimens was evaluated prospectively in 50 consecutive patients with endometrial carcinoma. DNA analyses were performed in a blind fashion. Patients were followed for a median of 26 months (range, 16-46 months).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 9 of 50 cases (18%) an aneuploid tumor was found by the standard postoperative analysis. All 9 aneuploid tumors (100%) also were identified correctly by the preoperative test on biopsy material. Occult extrauterine tumor spread was found in 10 patients (20%). The incidence rate of aneuploidy among these tumors was 50% compared with 10% in surgical International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Stage I tumors (P = 0.01). The recurrence rate was 55.5% (5 of 9 tumors) in the aneuploid group and 2.4% (1 of 41 tumors) in the diploid group (P < 0.001). The disease free survival rates of patients with diploid and aneuploid tumors were 97.5% and 44.4%, respectively (P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preoperative tumor ploidy determination based on outpatient endometrial biopsy is as accurate as the standard postoperative evaluation in patients with endometrial carcinoma. Tumor aneuploidy confirms the usefulness of this method in selecting patients at risk for occult extrauterine tumor diffusion and recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Susini
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rapi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Massi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Savino
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Amunni
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Taddei
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Massi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000782:Aneuploidy; D001706:Biopsy; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000235:genetics; D011003:Ploidies; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors