title: Embolization of superior mesenteric artery branches in dogs. Ischemic bowel changes depend on location of vessel occlusion and embolic materials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the degree of ischemic changes of the small intestine after arterial embolization of proximal or distal arteries with Gelfoam particles and coils in dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Superselective arterial embolization in 18 dogs was performed using a coaxial catheter system. Gelfoam occlusion of the proximal level of ileal or jejunal arteries was performed in four dogs (group A). Gelfoam occlusion of the distal level was performed in four dogs (group B). Coil occlusion of the proximal level was performed in five dogs (group C). Coil occlusion of the distal level was performed in five dogs (group D). All 18 dogs were killed 1 day after the procedure. Gross and microscopic findings were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The embolizations were successful in all dogs. In group B, significant mucosal destruction, lymphocyte proliferation of the submucosa and mucosa, and diffuse swelling in all layers of the intestine were found in all four dogs. Three revealed diffuse ischemic changes and one showed focal ischemic changes. In groups A and C, all the layers of the intestine were intact and did not show any ischemic changes. In group D, one dog showed erosion of a small portion of mucosa and lymphocytic infiltration. The other dogs showed nonspecific findings in all layers of the intestine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Proximal embolization with Gelfoam and coils as well as distal embolization with coils did not cause ischemia. However, ischemic changes in the intestinal wall could be observed after distal embolization with Gelfoam.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Korea.
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: K Y
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000792:Angiography; D000818:Animals; D002404:Catheterization / Q000379:methods; D004285:Dogs; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005781:Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D007511:Ischemia / Q000473:pathology*; D017538:Mesenteric Artery, Superior