title: Sensitivity of human immunodeficiency virus infection to various alpha, beta and gamma chemokines.
abstract: Examination of a large panel of chemokines indicates that in addition to RANTES, MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta, the beta-chemokine MCP-2 and, to a lesser extent, the gamma-chemokine lymphotactin also show anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activity in cell culture. The amount of chemokine needed to suppress HIV replication by > or = 50% was generally greater (> or = 250 ng/ml) than that required for inhibition of virus infection by RANTES, MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta. The beta-chemokine MCP-3 was found to enhance the replication of both non-syncytium-inducing (NSI) and syncytium-inducing (SI) viruses at high concentrations (0.5-5 microg/ml). In contrast to a previous report, macrophage-derived chemokine was not found to inhibit HIV replication of either NSI or SI viruses, but at low concentrations enhanced NSI virus replication. When small amounts of RANTES or MCP-2 were added together with high concentrations of non-inhibitory chemokines, the anti-HIV effects were countered. Information on chemokines that affect HIV infection could be useful for future therapeutic strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143-1270, USA1.
authors.forename: Giampaolo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Greco
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143-1270, USA1.
authors.forename: Carl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mackewicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143-1270, USA1.
authors.forename: Jay A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Levy
mesh_terms: D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000821:virology; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000494:pharmacology; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000494:pharmacology; D054410:Chemokine CCL7; D054412:Chemokine CCL8; D018925:Chemokines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016207:Cytokines; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D018945:Monocyte Chemoattractant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: C515450:CCL7 protein, human; C515453:CCL8 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D054410:Chemokine CCL7; D054412:Chemokine CCL8; D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D018945:Monocyte Chemoattractant Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins