title: A meta-analysis of fibromyalgia treatment interventions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate and compare the efficacy of pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments of fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS).
  
  
  METHODS
  This meta-analysis of 49 fibromyalgia treatment outcome studies assessed the efficacy of pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment across four types of outcome measures-physical status, self-report of FMS symptoms, psychological status, and daily functioning.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After controlling for study design, antidepressants resulted in improvements on physical status and self-report of FMS symptoms. All nonpharmacological treatments were associated with significant improvements in all four categories of outcome measures with the exception that physically-based treatment (primarily exercise) did not significantly improve daily functioning. When compared, nonpharmacological treatment appears to be more efficacious in improving self-report of FMS symptoms than pharmacological treatment alone. A similar trend was suggested for functional measures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The optimal intervention for FMS would include nonpharmacological treatments, specifically exercise and cognitive-behavioral therapy, in addition to appropriate medication management as needed for sleep and pain symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, USA.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Rossy
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Buckelew
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dorr
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Hagglund
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Thayer
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: McIntosh
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Hewett
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D015444:Exercise; D005356:Fibromyalgia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D011619:Psychotropic Drugs