title: Reduction of retrosternal and pericardial adhesions with rapidly resorbable polymer films.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The formation of postoperative cardiac adhesions makes a repeat sternotomy time consuming and dangerous. Many attempts have been made to solve this problem by using either drugs to inhibit fibrinolytic activity or different types of pericardial substitutes. The results have not been satisfactory.
  
  
  METHODS
  The efficacy of bioresorbable film prototypes made of polyethylene glycol (EO) and polylactic acid (LA) (EO/LA = 1.5, 2.5, and 3.0) in the prevention of adhesions after cardiac operations in canine models was tested. After desiccation and abrasion of the epicardium, a transparent bioresorbable film was placed over the heart. The pericardium was closed to allow intrapericardial adhesions (n = 32) or left open and attached to the chest wall to induce retrosternal adhesions (n = 17). Postoperative recovery was similar among the groups. Retrosternal and pericardial adhesions were evaluated at necropsy 3 weeks later by assessing area, tenacity, and density of the adhesions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the control dogs, tenacious, dense adhesions were observed. In contrast, adhesion formation was reduced at all sites covered by the films. The bioresorbable films were efficacious in the reduction of adhesion formation between epicardium and pericardium or between epicardium and sternum after cardiac operation. The EO/LA 1.5 film most effectively prevented the early adhesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The bioresorbable films (EO/LA = 1.5, 2.5, and 3.0) significantly reduced adhesion formation, with EO/LA = 1.5 (Repel CV) being optimal. As the barrier was rapidly resorbed, the capsule formation induced by permanent barriers was avoided.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Okuyama
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Rodgers
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pines
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: diZerega
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Oz
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000818:Animals; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004285:Dogs; D019344:Lactic Acid; D010496:Pericardium / Q000473:pathology; D011091:Polyesters; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D011108:Polymers; D013249:Sternum / Q000473:pathology; D013896:Thoracic Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000267:Tissue Adhesions / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers; D019344:Lactic Acid; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; C033616:poly(lactide)