title: Angioscopy-assisted aneurysm clipping.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the concept that endovascular angioscopy can assist surgical intracranial aneurysm clipping by providing an endoluminal view of the aneurysm-parent vessel complex.
  
  
  METHODS
  A carotid bifurcation aneurysm was surgically created in a dog at the lingual artery origin. A balloon catheter was inflated proximal to the aneurysm to block proximal blood flow and allow endoluminal visualization. A flexible angioscope connected to a video monitoring system and to a high-intensity light source was then advanced within the catheter lumen and positioned immediately distal to the catheter tip. The aneurysm neck was clipped, and the clip was repositioned several times along the neck, with or without distal parent vessel compromise. Each time, the endovascular image on the monitor was interpreted by an observer blinded to the position of the clip. Clip position and image interpretation were communicated independently to a third person, who analyzed the correlation between them.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Angioscopy allowed clear visualization of the extent of aneurysm neck occlusion (complete, incomplete, residual "dog ear") after clip application, as well as the presence or absence of distal parent vessel compromise. Aneurysm neck configuration, size, presence of thrombus, and suture line definition were depicted. Critical structures external to the aneurysm-parent vessel complex were transilluminated by the high-intensity lamp.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although acknowledged as the treatment of choice for intracranial aneurysms, surgical exclusion can be accompanied by significant morbidity related to perforator occlusion, parent artery compromise, and/or persistent residual aneurysm. The availability of a device allowing visualization of an aneurysm from an endoluminal perspective theoretically could reduce the incidence of these complications. Angioscopy has the potential to become a useful adjunct during intracranial aneurysm clipping because it provides real-time endoluminal viewing of the aneurysm-distal parent vessel complex, which is sometimes obscured to the surgeon.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery and Toshiba Stroke Research Center, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 14209-1194, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lanzino
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Miskolczi
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Guterman
authors.forename: L N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Hopkins
mesh_terms: D017546:Angioscopy; D000818:Animals; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D004285:Dogs; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000601:surgery*; D020535:Video-Assisted Surgery