title: Recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma as a mixed hepatoblastoma after liver transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatoblastoma is an exceptional cause of primary malignant liver tumour in the adult.
  
  
  METHODS
  The case is reported of an adult patient transplanted for alcoholic cirrhosis complicated by multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma in whom a recurrence in the form of a mixed hepatoblastoma invading the whole transplanted liver developed three months after liver transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Complete clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical data were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The recurrent tumour invaded the whole liver. The major component was a mixed hepatoblastoma, with an epithelial component expressing cytokeratin and a mesenchymal component expressing vimentin. The tumour also contained a minor hepatocarcinomatous component expressing alpha fetoprotein. The rapid growth of the tumour prevented any attempt at treatment. Although direct evidence is lacking, the most likely hypothesis to explain the observations is a marked phenotypic change in the initial malignant population at recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case supports a possible filiation between hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatoblastoma in adults.
authors.affiliation: Unité d'Hépatologie, Hôtel-Dieu, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dumortier
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bizollon
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chevallier
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ducerf
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baulieux
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Scoazec
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Trepo
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000601:surgery*; D018197:Hepatoblastoma / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology*