title: Cost-effectiveness analysis of adjuvant physical or occupational therapy for patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study from a societal viewpoint the cost-effectiveness of adjuvant treatment for patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) of one upper extremity.
  
  
  METHODS
  A two-center randomized clinical trial comparing pairwise physical therapy (PT), occupational therapy (OT), and control treatment (CT).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred thirty-five patients with RSD for less than 1 year participated.
  
  
  METHODS
  PT and OT were given according to protocols. For CT, services by social workers were offered.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Impairment-level Sum Score (ISS), the modified Greentest, and the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP) were used to determine effectiveness. Real medical costs, nonmedical costs, and productivity costs were distinguished and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were calculated. Sensitivity analyses were performed on cost estimates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ISS, but not the Greentest and SIP, showed a significant difference between PT versus OT and CT. The mean adjuvant treatment costs were significantly higher for PT (Netherlands Guilders [NLG] 1,726) and OT (NLG 2,089) compared with CT (NLG 903). The mean total medical costs were not significantly different for the groups (PT, NLG 8,692; OT, NLG 13,023; and CT, NLG 7,888) (intention-to-treat analysis). The sensitivity analyses showed a moderate influence of the cost estimates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PT results in clinically relevant improvement in RSD. Costs associated with adjuvant treatment are moderate compared to other medical costs. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of PT versus OT and CT were moderate or even dominant, thus PT was both more effective and less costly than its comparators.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Technology Assessment, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Severens
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Oerlemans
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Weegels
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: van 't Hof
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Oostendorp
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Goris
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009788:Occupational Therapy / Q000191:economics*; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities / Q000191:economics*; D012019:Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy / Q000191:economics / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D012050:Rehabilitation, Vocational / Q000191:economics; D016037:Single-Blind Method