title: Circulating levels of endothelial function are modulated by dietary monounsaturated fat.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  For the most part, the benefits of monounsaturated-rich diets (MUFA-diet) have been related to their action on plasma lipid levels. However other non-lipidic effects could also be involved in their protective effects. One of these involves the decrease in plasma levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), the main inhibitor of fibrinolysis. Given that the PAI-1 is of endothelial origin, one hypothesis is that the MUFA-diet could protect against CHD by modulating some endothelial components.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Healthy male subjects (n = 25) received three different consecutive diets, each lasting 28 days: a low fat NCEP-I-diet, with 28% calories as fat, 10% saturated fat (SAT), 12% monounsaturated (MUFA) and 6% polyunsaturated (PUFA); a MUFA-diet, with 38% calories as fat, 10% SAT, 22% MUFA and 6% PUFA; and a SAT rich-diet (SAT-diet), with 38% calories as fat, 20% SAT, 12% MUFA and 6% PUFA. After each dietary period, the plasma lipid profile was determined, including total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, total triglyceride, apo A1, apo B plasma levels and conjugated diene formation, after incubation of LDL particles with Cu 5 microM/l. Endothelial products measured in plasma were von Willebrand factor (vWF), E-selectin, Thrombomodulin and Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor (TFPI) levels. We observed a decrease in vWF, PAI-1 and TFPI plasma levels and an increase in lag time of conjugated diene formation after the MUFA-diet. There was a positive correlation between the decreases in TFPI and vWF and the changes in total cholesterol, LDL-C, apo B plasma levels. The decrease in TFPI was negatively correlated with the increase in lag time of conjugated diene formation. PAI-1 plasma levels were positively correlated with total cholesterol, LDL-C and triglycerides and negatively correlated with HDL-C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Consumption of a Mediterranean-type MUFA-diet produces a decrease in plasma levels of vWF, TFPI and PAI-1 plasma levels in young healthy males. Given that these substances are of endothelial origin, one could suggest that the MUFA of the diet has a beneficial effect on endothelial function resulting in protective changes against thrombogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Lipidos y Arteriosclerosis, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba, Spain. mdipejif@cod.servicom.es
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pérez-Jiménez
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: López-Miranda
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Paz-Rojas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Blanco
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: López-Segura
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Velasco
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marín
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fuentes
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ordovás
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000097:blood; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000097:blood*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology*; D002149:Energy Intake; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D065427:Factor Xa Inhibitors; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000097:blood; D018180:Thrombomodulin / Q000097:blood*; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D019040:E-Selectin; D065427:Factor Xa Inhibitors; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D008074:Lipoproteins; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D018180:Thrombomodulin; C051928:lipoprotein-associated coagulation inhibitor; D014841:von Willebrand Factor