title: A chemically labeled cytotoxic agent: two-photon fluorophore for optical tracking of cellular pathway in chemotherapy.
abstract: Chemotherapy is commonly used in the treatment of cancers. However, the mechanism of action of many of these agents is not well understood. We present the synthesis of a two-photon fluorophore (C625) and its biological application when chemically linked to a chemotherapeutic agent (AN-152). By using two-photon laser-scanning microscopy, the drug:fluorophore conjugate can be observed directly as it interacts with receptor-positive cell lines. The results of this project visually show the receptor-mediated entry of AN-152 into the cell cytoplasm and subsequently into the nucleus. These observations will allow for better understanding of the drug's therapeutic mechanism, which is a subject of ongoing research aimed at improving present methods for cancer therapy.
authors.affiliation: Photonics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Krebs
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al-Nuri
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Pudavar
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghosal
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liebow
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Nagy
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Schally
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Prasad
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005260:Female; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D011974:Receptors, LH / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D011974:Receptors, LH; C080883:LHRH, lysine(6)-doxorubicin; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D004317:Doxorubicin