title: Exposure of citizens in China and in Japan to lead and cadmium: a comparative study.
abstract: To compare the background exposure of general urban populations to lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in China and Japan, 250 adult women in five Chinese cities and 72 women in three Japanese cities were surveyed by means of collection and analyses of food duplicate and blood samples. The results show that the geometric mean dietary Pb intake and Pb level in blood were significantly higher among Chinese (24.6 microg/day and 45.8 ng/ml) than their counterparts in Japan (14.6 microg/day and 32.2 ng/ml). In contrast, Cd exposures were significantly higher among Japanese women (34.1 microg/day and 1.91 ng/ml) than among Chinese women (8.8 microg/day and 0.61 ng/ml). Thus, the public health concern should be focussed on Pb exposure for Chinese population and Cd for Japanese people.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyoto Women's University, Japan.
authors.forename: Z W
authors.initials: ZW
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shimbo
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ikeda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D002681:China; D004032:Diet; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005260:Female; D005504:Food Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead