title: Long-term results of vagus nerve stimulation in refractory epilepsy.
abstract: Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an adjunctive antiepileptic treatment for patients with refractory epilepsy. Limited information on long-term treatment with VNS is available. The purpose of this paper is to present our experience with VNS with a follow-up of up to 4 years. Twenty-five patients (13 females and 12 males) with refractory partial epilepsy were treated with VNS. The first 15 patients with a mean age of 30 years and a mean duration of epilepsy of 17.5 years have sufficient follow-up for analysis. Mean post-implantation follow-up was 29 months and mean stimulation output 2.25 mA. There was a mean seizure frequency reduction from 14 complex partial seizures (CPS) per month before implantation to 8 CPS per month after implantation (P = 0.0016; Wilcoxon signed-rank rest (WSRT)). The mean maximum CPS-free interval changed from 9 to 312 days (P = 0.0007; WSRT). Six patients were free of CPS for at least one year. In one patient, one antiepileptic drug (AED) was tapered; in 10 patients, AEDs remained unchanged; in four, one adjunctive AED was administered. Side effects occurred in six patients, three of whom required a temporary reduction of output current. Nine patients reported no side effects at all. Treatment with VNS remains effective in the long-term. In this series 4 / 15 (27%) patients with highly refractory epilepsy experienced entirely seizure-free intervals of 12 months or more.
authors.affiliation: Epilepsy Monitoring Unit, Department of Neurology University Hospital Gent, Belgium.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vonck
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boon
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: D'Havé
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vandekerckhove
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: De Reuck
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D017029:Epilepsy, Complex Partial / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D014630:Vagus Nerve
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants