title: Skeletal muscle UCP2 and UCP3 expression in trained and untrained male subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The new uncoupling proteins, UCP2 and UCP3, are thought to play a role in energy efficiency in humans. Endurance training has been suggested to have effects on resting metabolic rate and energy efficiency. We therefore determined UCP2 and UCP3 mRNA levels in skeletal muscle of trained and untrained male subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), expression of UCP2, UCP3L and UCP3S mRNA were measured in muscle biopsies from the quadriceps femoris in eight trained (23.9+/-1.6 y; 70.6+/-3.1 kg; 14+/-3% body fat; maximal power output (Wmax): 5. 6+/-0.4 W/kg; mean+/-s.d.) and 10 lean, untrained (22.1+/-2.9 y; 72. 0+/-7.9 kg; 18+/-4% body fat; Wmax: 3.9+/-0.4 W/kg; mean+/-s.d.) subjects. In six of the trained subjects, UCP2 and UCP3 mRNA were measured before and after an exercise bout to exhaustion. To correct for differences in mitochondrial content, levels of UCP2 and UCP3 mRNA were expressed relative to cytochrome-b, a marker of mitochondrial content.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Acute exercise had no effect on the expression of UCP3L or UCP3S, but in five out of six subjects UCP2 expression decreased after exercise, although the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.11). Trained subjects had significantly reduced mRNA levels of UCP3L (P=0.028) and UCP3S (P=0. 031). VO2max expressed per kg of fat-free mass was negatively correlated with UCP3L (r=-0.61, P=0.009) and UCP3S (r=-0.52, P=0. 028). Mechanical efficiency correlated negatively with UCP3L (r=-0. 56, P=0.019), UCP3S (r=-0.47, P=0.048) and tended to correlate with UCP2 (r=-0.46, P=0.06).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The lower levels of UCP3 mRNA in trained subjects and the inverse relationship of UCP3 expression and mechanical efficiency suggest that exercise training produces an adaptive physiological response in skeletal muscle improving mechanical efficiency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands. p.schrauwen@hb.unimaas.nl
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schrauwen
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Troost
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ravussin
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Saris
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D017931:DNA Primers; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D007473:Ion Channels; D008297:Male; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D000071246:Uncoupling Protein 2; D000071247:Uncoupling Protein 3
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D017931:DNA Primers; D007473:Ion Channels; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C000604389:UCP2 protein, human; C000604392:UCP3 protein, human; D000071246:Uncoupling Protein 2; D000071247:Uncoupling Protein 3