title: Thrombotic reactant markers in non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes treated with either enoxaparin (low molecular weight heparin) or unfractionated heparin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was designed to analyze the impact of treatment with either unfractionated heparin or enoxaparin (low molecular weight heparin) on plasma markers of thrombotic and endogenous thrombolytic activity in patients with non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A subset of 174 patients derived from the 3,171 patients of the ESSENCE study was evaluated. Eighty-seven patients were assigned to intravenous unfractionated heparin (target aPTT: 55-85 sec) (group UH), and 87 assigned to subcutaneous enoxaparin (1 mg/kg/q12hr) (group ENOX) for a minimum of 48 hours of treatment (average duration of treatment 88+/-45 hours). The thrombin time, and plasma levels of anti-factor Xa activity, prothrombin fragment F 1+2, thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), and D-dimer, were assayed at baseline, and at or close to peak activity 24-36 hrs, and at 72-90 hrs for those remaining on treatment with antithrombotic therapy. Major ischemic and hemorrhagic events were assessed throughout hospitalization. The levels of the thrombotic markers measured at or close to peak activity at 36 hours are presented below, and compared to clinical outcome at 30 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In UH patients, the thrombin time increased 7 fold while the mean value for anti-Xa activity was 0.27 IU/ml; in ENOX patients the thrombin time increased 2.3 fold, and the mean value for anti-Xa activity was 0.83 IU/ml. In UH pts, basal levels of F 1+2, TAT, and D-dimer declined by (deltapaired) -0.8, -3. 3, and -66, respectively. In ENOX pts, basal levels of F 1+2, TAT, and D-dimer declined by (deltapaired) -0.3, -4.7, and -23, respectively. No significant differences were observed between the paired differences in thrombotic markers (UH vs ENOX), nor in the rate of recurrent ischemic events or major hemorrhage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this subset of patients enrolled in the ESSENCE study, enoxaparin 1 mg/kg ql2hr significantly increased anti-Xa activity above that seen with unfractionated heparin, and reduced thrombin production without prolonging the thrombin time. The high anti-Xa activity achieved with enoxaparin was not associated with a loss of safety.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, Favaloro, Foundation, Buenos Aires, Argentina. gurfi001@ffinme.edu.ar
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gurfinkel
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Duronto
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Colorio
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bozovich
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mautner
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004562:Electrocardiography; D017984:Enoxaparin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006493:Heparin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013577:Syndrome; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D017984:Enoxaparin; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D006493:Heparin