title: Real time assessment of myocardial revascularization during coronary artery bypass surgery by means of ultrasonic integrated backscatter.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The recovery of cyclic variation (CV) of ultrasonic integrated backscatter (IB) may provide a more sensitive predictor of the success of myocardial revascularization. This study was designed to elucidate the possibility of real time assessment of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) using CV of IB.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 10 patients (61 +/- 4 years old) with the perfused areas by stenosed or occluded LAD without myocardial infarction. There were six ischemic dysfunctional areas, and four ischemic but non-dysfunctional areas. The CV of IB was measured before and just after extracorporeal circulation (ECC). Wall motion was analyzed by segmental wall thickening during systole at the same time of the IB analysis during CABG and at 3 weeks after CABG. Those 10 areas were completely revascularized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the non-dysfunctional areas, wall thickening did not change and remained at normal values before and after ECC, and 3 weeks after CABG (31 +/- 3% 29 +/- 3% and 29 +/- 5%, respectively). The magnitude of CV of IB did not also change before and after ECC (8.0 +/- 1.6 dB and 7.8 +/- 1.3 dB). However, in the ischemic dysfunctional areas, while wall thickening did not change before and after ECC (21 +/- 5% and 20 +/- 5%), it increased and reached similar values as the non-dysfunctional regions at 3 weeks after CABG (26 +/- 7%, P < 0.01 vs. before and after ECC values). The magnitude of CV of IB increased even after ECC (3.71 +/- 0.4 dB vs. 7.4 +/- 3.5 dB, P < 0.05), and reached the same level as those in the non-dysfunctional areas. There was a significant relationship between wall thickening at 3 weeks after bypass grafting and magnitude of CV of IB after ECC (r = 0.67, P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Improvement in wall motion was gradually attained after bypass grafting. On the contrary, an increase in the magnitude of CV of IB was obtained immediately after myocardial revascularization. Our data suggest that CV of ultrasonic IB method can provide close real time information regarding the effectiveness of bypass surgery.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Surgery, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takiuchi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iwata
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohtake
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuda
mesh_terms: D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D003720:Densitometry / Q000379:methods; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D015203:Reproducibility of Results