title: Changes in serum levels of ICAM and TNF-R correlate with disease activity in multiple sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the change in serum levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1) and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors (sTNF-Rs) in MS patients in relation to clinical disease activity and changes on brain MRI.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Circulating forms of adhesion molecules or soluble receptors may be released from cells as a consequence of activation and may be useful markers for inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  During a prospective longitudinal study over 1 year, 40 patients with MS underwent frequent imaging of the brain (22 MR images per patient) at the time of blood sampling as well as monthly neurologic examinations, and scoring on Kurtzke's Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and ambulation index (AI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with relapsing-progressive disease had the highest levels of sICAM-1 whereas patients with progressive disease had the highest levels of sTNF-Rs. Fluctuations in sICAM-1 correlated with the occurrence of attacks in patients with relapsing and relapsing-progressive disease. In patients with relapsing-progressive MS, an increase in sICAM-1 level preceded the appearance of new gadolinium (Gd) enhancing lesions on MRI. In patients with progressive disease, an increase in sTNF-R p55 level preceded the appearance of new Gd enhancing lesions on MRI, whereas a decrease in sICAM-1 levels correlated with the appearance of new Gd enhancing lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate a linkage between sICAM-1 and sTNF-R levels and disease activity in MS. Furthermore, patients with progressive disease appear to have a different immunologic stage of disease in which immune changes are tightly linked with changes on MRI. The demonstration of a correlation in individual patients between immunologic events and changes in disease activity has implications for monitoring patients undergoing treatment and for monitoring disease progression.
authors.affiliation: Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. khoury@cnd.bwh.harvard.edu
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Khoury
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Orav
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Guttmann
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kikinis
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Jolesz
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Weiner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1