title: Adhesion mechanism of human beta(2)-glycoprotein I to phospholipids based on its crystal structure.
abstract: Human beta(2)-glycoprotein I is a heavily glycosylated five-domain plasma membrane-adhesion protein, which has been implicated in blood coagulation and clearance of apoptotic bodies from the circulation. It is also the key antigen in the autoimmune disease anti-phospholipid syndrome. The crystal structure of beta(2)-glycoprotein I isolated from human plasma reveals an elongated fish-hook-like arrangement of the globular short consensus repeat domains. Half of the C-terminal fifth domain deviates strongly from the standard fold, as observed in domains one to four. This aberrant half forms a specific phospholipid-binding site. A large patch of 14 positively charged residues provides electrostatic interactions with anionic phospholipid headgroups and an exposed membrane-insertion loop yields specificity for lipid layers. The observed spatial arrangement of the five domains suggests a functional partitioning of protein adhesion and membrane adhesion over the N- and C-terminal domains, respectively, separated by glycosylated bridging domains. Coordinates are in the Protein Data Bank (accession No. 1QUB).
authors.affiliation: Department of Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bouma
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: de Groot
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: van den Elsen
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Ravelli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schouten
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Simmelink
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Derksen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kroon
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gros
mesh_terms: D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid / Q000378:metabolism; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D011487:Protein Conformation; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I
chemical_list: D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid; D006023:Glycoproteins; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D010743:Phospholipids; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I