title: Tacrolimus whole blood concentrations correlate closely to side-effects in renal transplant recipients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the relationship between tacrolimus whole blood concentrations and side-effects and rejections in 14 renal transplant recipients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tacrolimus was measured by MEIA in whole blood in samples collected repeatedly during the first year after transplantation. Retrospectively, tacrolimus trough concentrations on the days with adverse events (n=172) or rejection (n=28) were related to the total distribution of the concentration values (n=656).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Side-effects (one or more) were noted in connection with 76% of tacrolimus concentrations above 30 ng ml-1, with 41% of concentrations within the interval of 20-30 ng ml-1, with 26% of the concentrations within the interval of 10-20 ng ml-1 and with only 5.3% on the concentrations lower than 10 ng ml-1. No relation to the tacrolimus concentration was seen for rejection episodes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that therapeutic drug monitoring may be helpful in the management of tacrolimus therapy and that tacrolimus whole blood trough concentrations (MEIA) should preferably be kept below 20 ng ml-1 to avoid side-effects, such as nephro-and neurotoxicity and infections. The lower limit of the therapeutic range has yet to be defined.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Technology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology at the Karolinska Institute, Huddinge Hospital, Sweden.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Böttiger
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brattström
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tydén
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Säwe
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Groth
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016559:Tacrolimus