title: Three-year results of laparoscopic vertical banded gastroplasty.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite the development of pharmacologic agents for the treatment of massive obesity, surgery remains the only treatment option that has been shown to offer long-term weight reduction. Laparoscopic surgery appears to offer rapid recovery and low postoperative morbidity. The aim of the present study was to assess the outcome of laparoscopic vertical banded gastroplasty (lap VBG) in 60 obese patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  60 massively obese patients (50 female) with a mean +/- SEM body mass index (BMI) of 44.4 +/- 1.0 kg/m2 were followed up prospectively for an average of 23.0 +/- 1.5 months. Lap VBG was performed using 5 trocars placed in a standard fashion for laparoscopic upper gastrointestinal surgery. A 4-row stapler was used for the vertical staple-line, and a stretched polytetrafluoroethylene (Gore-Tex) band was used to reinforce the outlet. The patients were seen postoperatively 2, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Conversion to open surgery was performed in 15 cases. Preoperative median BMI and postoperative hospital stay were higher in the open group than in the laparoscopic group: 47.8 kg/m2 (37.7-65.7) and 5 days (3-13), and 41.9 kg/m2 (32.5-57.3) and 3 days (2-6), respectively (P < 0.01 for both). After 36 months of follow-up, the median BMI was 36.9 kg/m2 (24.6-50.7) (n = 9) in the open group and 37.0 kg/m2 (25.8-53.3) (n = 14) (NS) in the laparoscopic group. The number of conversions to open surgery and the median operating time were higher in the first 30 cases than in the last 30 cases: 11 and 137.5 min (96-225) and 4 and 115.0 min (85-190), respectively, with similar preoperative BMI: 44.1 kg/m2 (33.8-65.8) and 41.2 kg/m2 (32.4-57.8).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lap VBG can be performed safely and results in a shorter postoperative stay than does open surgery. Weight loss was maintained over the 3-year follow-up period. There is a learning curve, resulting in fewer conversions to open surgery and shorter operating time. Long follow-up studies are needed to ascertain that long-term weight loss equals that of open VBG.
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgery, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. erik.naslund@kir.ds.sll.se
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Näslund
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Freedman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lagergren
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stockeld
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Granström
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D015391:Gastroplasty / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D007902:Length of Stay; D008875:Middle Aged; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000601:surgery*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013528:Surgical Staplers; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015431:Weight Loss