title: Evaluation of human-readable annotation in biomolecular sequence databases with biological rule libraries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Computer-based selection of entries from sequence databases with respect to a related functional description, e.g. with respect to a common cellular localization or contributing to the same phenotypic function, is a difficult task. Automatic semantic analysis of annotations is not only hampered by incomplete functional assignments. A major problem is that annotations are written in a rich, non-formalized language and are meant for reading by a human expert. This person can extract from the text considerably more information than is immediately apparent due to his extended biological background knowledge and logical reasoning.
  
  
  METHODS
  A technique of automated annotation evaluation based on a combination of lexical analysis and the usage of biological rule libraries has been developed. The proposed algorithm generates new functional descriptors from the annotation of a given entry using the semantic units of the annotation as prepositions for implications executed in accordance with the rule library.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prototype of a software system, the Meta_A(nnotator) program, is described and the results of its application to sequence attribute assignment and sequence selection problems, such as cellular localization and sequence domain annotation of SWISS-PROT entries, are presented. The current software version assigns useful subcellular localization qualifiers to approximately 88% of all SWISS-PROT entries. As shown by demonstrative examples, the combination of sequence and annotation analysis is a powerful approach for the detection of mutual annotation/sequence inconsistencies.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Results for the cellular localization assignment can be viewed at the URL http://www.bork. embl-heidelberg.de/CELL_LOC/CELL_LOC.html.
authors.affiliation: Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13122 Berlin-Buch, Germany. Frank.Eisenhaber@embl-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Eisenhaber
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bork
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D016208:Databases, Factual; D015698:Genomic Library; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary / Q000235:genetics; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D012984:Software; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins