title: [I. P. Pavlov on vivisection and the modern ethical requirements for animal experiments].
abstract: It is shown that Pavlov's opinion is in agreement with the modern requirements for experiments in living animals: use of living animals in experiments is recommended only in the cases when there is no alternative and scientific-practical significance of the planned experiments is justified; minimization (as much as possible) of discomfort, distress and pain of animals under study without sacrifice of the quality of scientific research; use of appropriate number of animals necessary for obtaining reliable results which are adequate to a given experimental situation and general state of the animals inadmissibility of using extra number of animals; drawing up a protocol concerning the experimental procedure and results; reflection in the protocol the techniques of sedation, anesthesia, and euthanasia; constant care of the improvement of the theoretical and practical qualification of a researcher in the ethical questions and experimental technique. Pavlov's views led his time and at present they agree with modern concepts on the experimental ethics.
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory of Experimental Biological Models, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kopaladze
mesh_terms: D000827:Animal Welfare / Q000266:history*; D000818:Animals; D004989:Ethics / Q000266:history*; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D012106:Research / Q000266:history; D012425:Russia (Pre-1917); D014824:Vivisection / Q000266:history*