title: Hexarelin, a growth hormone - releasing peptide, counteracts bone loss in gonadectomized male rats.
abstract: The age-related decline in growth hormone (GH) secretion has been implicated in the pathogenesis of involutional bone loss. Whether restoration of GH secretion might be helpful in maintaining and/or improving bone mass during aging is still unsettled. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of 30-day treatment with hexarelin (HEXA, 50 microg/kg subcutaneously b.i.d.), a highly effective GH-releasing compound, on bone metabolism and bone mineral density (BMD) in intact and osteopenic gonadectomized (GDX) mature male rats. Serum total alkaline phosphatase (ALP, bone formation marker) and bone resorption markers (lysylpyridinoline, LP and hydroxylysylpyridinoline, HP) were measured before and 7, 14 and 30 days after treatment. BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at lumbar vertebrae, femoral metaphysis and diaphysis before and at the end of the experiment. In intact rats, HEXA significantly (P<0.05) decreased LP (-36.3%) and HP (-22.8%) excretion at day 7, whereas it did not change serum ALP activity and BMDs. In GDX rats, HEXA completely prevented the significant (P<0. 01) increase in urinary excretion of both LP (+143.8%) and HP (+119. 4%), the early decrease in ALP activity (-26.5%) and the significant (P<0.05) decrease in BMDs in the femoral metaphysis (-7.9%) and lumbar vertebrae (-6.8%) caused by androgen deficiency. The bone-protective effects of HEXA could be attributed, at least in part, to its GH-releasing activity since chronic-treated rats maintained the GH response to an acute challenge with HEXA. The evidence that HEXA, unlike GH, inhibits bone resorption indicates that other mechanisms contribute to the bone sparing effect of HEXA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Chemotherapy and Medical Toxicology, University of Milano, Italy. valeria.sibilia@unimi.it
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sibilia
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cocchi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pagani
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lattuada
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Moro
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pecile
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rubinacci
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Muller
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Netti
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000378:metabolism; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism; D005269:Femur / Q000187:drug effects; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009919:Orchiectomy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D006133:Growth Substances; D009842:Oligopeptides; C086184:hexarelin; C015484:pyridinoline; D013006:Growth Hormone; C036020:deoxypyridinoline; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase