title: Phase II study of epirubicin and vinorelbine with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor: a high-activity, dose-dense weekly regimen for advanced breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was designed to explore the effectiveness and tolerability of a weekly regimen of epirubicin and vinorelbine plus granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-two patients with previously untreated advanced breast cancer were treated with epirubicin (25 mg/m2/week) and vinorelbine (25 mg/m2/week) with G-CSF support, for 24 consecutive weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median number of courses per patient was 22 (range 10-24). The administered dose intensity was 23 mg/m2 for both epirubicin and vinorelbine. Ten complete responses (19%) and 30 partial responses (58%) were obtained, for an overall response rate of 77%. None of the patients progressed during treatment. The median response duration and time to progression were both 10 months. A total of 1065 courses were assessed for toxicity. Grade 3 neutropenia was the most common toxic manifestation, (39% of patients), without febrile neutropenia or neutropenic sepsis. Two patients had grade 3 cardiac toxicity, which regressed without sequelae. Median survival was 31 months, with a median follow-up of 24 months (range 9-40).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Owing to its effectiveness and tolerability, the weekly regimen of epirubicin and vinorelbine plus G-CSF may represent an acceptable alternative for patients with untreated metastatic breast cancer. It could be tested in the adjuvant and neoadjuvant setting.
authors.affiliation: Service of Complementary Medical Oncology, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nisticò
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Garufi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barni
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Frontini
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Gallà
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Giannarelli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vaccaro
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: D'Ottavio
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Terzoli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D015251:Epirubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014747:Vinblastine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D000077235:Vinorelbine
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D015251:Epirubicin; D014747:Vinblastine; D000077235:Vinorelbine