title: Creatine supplement use in an NCAA Division I athletic program.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence and pattern of creatine use among varsity athletes at a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I athletic program.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anonymous descriptive survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Institutional.
  
  
  METHODS
  Collegiate varsity and junior varsity athletes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-reports of creatine use, including pattern of use and dose, source of information on creatine, and expected and perceived effects from creatine use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Surveys were obtained from 93% of 806 eligible athletes. Overall, 68% of athletes had heard of creatine and 28% reported using it. Forty-eight percent of men reported having used creatine as compared with 4% of women. With two exceptions, all men's teams had at least 30% of athletes who reported a history of creatine use. Of athletes that had used creatine, about one-third had first used it in high school. Friends and teammates were the most common sources of creatine information. Increased strength and muscle size were the most common effects the athletes expected and perceived from creatine use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this population of collegiate athletes, creatine use was widespread among men but was minimal among women. Athletes learned about creatine supplementation primarily from their peers, and substantial numbers began to take creatine while still in high school. Most athletes could not report their dosing of creatine. This study reported findings at one location for one academic year. Studies are needed at multiple locations and over time to further delineate creatine use patterns.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599-7470, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: LaBotz
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003401:Creatine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003625:Data Collection; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009657:North Carolina; D012737:Sex Factors; D013177:Sports / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D003401:Creatine