title: Safety and efficacy of multilamellar liposomal nystatin against disseminated candidiasis in persistently neutropenic rabbits.
abstract: The activity of liposomal nystatin (L-Nys) against subacute disseminated candidiasis was investigated in persistently neutropenic rabbits. Antifungal therapy was administered for 10 days starting 24 h after intravenous inoculation of 10(3) blastoconidia of Candida albicans. Responses to treatment were assessed by the quantitative clearance of the organism from blood and tissues. Treatments consisted of L-Nys at dosages of 2 and 4 mg/kg of body weight/day (L-Nys2 and L-Nys4, respectively) amphotericin B deoxycholate at 1 mg/kg/day (D-AmB), and fluconazole at 10 mg/kg/day (Flu). All treatments were given intravenously once daily. Compared to the results for untreated but infected control animals, treatment with L-Nys2, L-Nys4, D-AmB, and Flu resulted in a significant clearance of the residual burden of C. albicans from the kidney, liver, spleen, lung, and brain (P < 0.0001 by analysis of variance). When the proportion of animals infected at at least one of the five tissue sites studied was evaluated, a dose-dependent response to treatment with L-Nys was found (P < 0.05). Compared to D-AmB-treated rabbits, mean serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels at the end of therapy were significantly lower in animals treated with L-Nys2 (P < 0.001) and L-Nys4 (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively). L-Nys was less nephrotoxic than conventional amphotericin B and had dose-dependent activity comparable to that of amphotericin B for the early treatment of subacute disseminated candidiasis in persistently neutropenic rabbits.
authors.affiliation: Immunocompromised Host Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Groll
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Petraitis
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Petraitiene
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Field-Ridley
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Calendario
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bacher
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Piscitelli
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Walsh
mesh_terms: D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000633:toxicity; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004337:Drug Carriers; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008081:Liposomes; D009761:Nystatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000633:toxicity; D011817:Rabbits; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D008081:Liposomes; D009761:Nystatin; D000666:Amphotericin B; D015725:Fluconazole