title: Vasopressin and angiotensin II in blood pressure control during isoflurane anesthesia in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hormonal systems such as vasopressin (AVP) and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAS) have been reported to become activated during anesthesia and surgery. The purpose of this study was to examine the relative importance of AVP and angiotensin II (AII) in blood pressure control during isoflurane anesthesia in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were given an AVP V1-receptor antagonist (AVP-a, 10 microg kg(-1)), the AII receptor antagonist saralasin (SAR, 20 microg kg(-1) min(-1)) and hexamethonium (HEX, 10 mg kg(-1)) intravenously in random order, awake or anesthetized with isoflurane.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AVP-a had no effect on mean arterial pressure (MAP) in awake or anesthetized animals, but reduced MAP by 20.0+/-2.2% in the anesthetized rats which previously had been treated with SAR and/or HEX. SAR infusion had no effect on MAP when administered to conscious rats, but decreased MAP by 12.0+/-4.4% during anesthesia. Ganglionic blockade with HEX consistently lowered MAP in the conscious and anesthetized animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is concluded that AVP contributes to the maintenance of blood pressure when the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and/or RAS are blocked during isoflurane anesthesia. SAR infusion leads to hypotension during anesthesia, but not in conscious rats. These findings indicate that AII is of importance for blood pressure maintenance during isoflurane anesthesia in rats, and that apparent pressor effects of AVP come into play when RAS and/or ANS are blocked.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ullman
mesh_terms: D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D003243:Consciousness; D005730:Ganglionic Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D018738:Hexamethonium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D006727:Hormone Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D007022:Hypotension / Q000139:chemically induced; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000502:physiology; D012504:Saralasin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014667:Vasopressins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D005730:Ganglionic Blockers; D006727:Hormone Antagonists; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D014667:Vasopressins; D000804:Angiotensin II; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin; D018738:Hexamethonium; C025043:vasopressin, 1-(1-mercaptocyclohexaneacetic acid)-2-(O- methyl-L-tyrosine)-8-L-arginine-; D007530:Isoflurane; D012504:Saralasin