title: An integrated measure of left ventricular diastolic function based on relative rates of mitral E and A wave propagation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The mitral E wave propagation inside the left ventricle is slowed in patients with abnormal left ventricular (LV) relaxation with a prolongation of its transit time to the LV outflow tract (T(e)). On the contrary, the mitral A wave propagation is faster in those with elevated LV end-diastolic stiffness, resulting in a shortening of its transit time (T(a)). We hypothesized that the T(e)/T(a) ratio may serve an integrated measure of global LV diastolic function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The T(e)/T(a) ratio was measured with Doppler echocardiography in 94 subjects: 25 normal subjects, 38 patients with LV hypertrophy (18 with secondary LV hypertrophy and 20 with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), and 31 patients undergoing left heart catheterization for clinical indications. The T(e)/T(a) ratio was 1. 98 +/- 0.61 in the normal subjects, 3.32 +/- 0.93 in patients with secondary LV hypertrophy (P <.0001 vs normal), and 3.18 +/- 1.36 in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (P =.0003 vs normal). In the invasive group the T(e)/T(a) ratio (range 0.56 to 3.60) correlated significantly with Tau (r = 0.76, P <.0001), peak negative dP/dt (r = -0.46, P =.01), the LV late diastolic stiffness index (r = 0.57, P =.0013), LV pre-A wave pressure (r = 0.46, P =. 0096), LV end-diastolic pressure (r = 0.58, P =.0007), and the amount of LV pressure rise with atrial systole (r = 0.52, P =.0032) but not with the heart rate. Tau and LV stiffness were its sole determinants by stepwise multiple regression (R = 0.82).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ratio of mitral E and A wave transit times inside the LV (T(e)/T(a) ratio) is closely related to LV relaxation, its late diastolic stiffness, and filling pressures and gives valuable insights into LV diastolic performance.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Section, Jerry L. Pettis VA Medical Center and Loma Linda University, CA, USA. ramdaspai@pol.net
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Pai
authors.forename: L N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Stoletniy
mesh_terms: D002312:Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003971:Diastole / Q000502:physiology; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017725:Ventricular Pressure / Q000502:physiology