title: Recent developments in macrolides and ketolides.
abstract: Emergence of bacterial resistance to macrolide antibiotics, particularly in Gram-positive bacteria, has been observed. Novel macrolides having C-4" carbamate functional groups and ketolides, the 3-keto derivatives of macrolides, have been found to have activities against macrolide-resistant strains. Several potential non-antibacterial activities of macrolides have been reported, such as inhibition of cytokine production, neutrophil attachment to human bronchial epithelial cells and vesicular transport.
authors.affiliation: Discovery Research Kosan Biosciences, Inc. 3832 Bay Center Place, Hayward, CA 94545, USA. chu@kosan.com.
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Chu
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial / Q000235:genetics; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D018942:Macrolides; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D018942:Macrolides