Chlamydia pneumoniae infection of vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells activates NF-kappaB and induces tissue factor and PAI-1 expression: a potential link to accelerated arteriosclerosis.
BACKGROUND
Recent reports link C. pneumoniae infection of arteriosclerotic lesions to the precipitation of acute coronary syndromes, which also feature tissue factor and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) overexpression. We investigated whether or not C. pneumoniae can induce thrombogenicity by upregulation of procoagulant proteins.


RESULTS
Human vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells were infected with a strain of C. pneumoniae isolated from an arteriosclerotic coronary artery. Tissue factor, PAI-1, and interleukin-6 expression was increased in infected cells. Concomitantly, NF-kappaB was activated and IkappaBalpha degraded. p50/p65 heterodimers were identified as the components responsible for the NF-kappaB activity.


CONCLUSIONS
These data provide evidence that C. pneumoniae infection can induce procoagulant protein and proinflammatory cytokine expression. This cellular response is accompanied by activation of NF-kappaB. Our results demonstrate how C. pneumoniae infection may initiate acute coronary syndromes.
Dechend
R
R
Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany. rdechend@mdc-berlin.de
Maass
M
M
Gieffers
J
J
Dietz
R
R
Scheidereit
C
C
Leutz
A
A
Gulba
D C
DC
D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000382:microbiology; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D002689:Chlamydia / Q000378:metabolism*; D016993:Chlamydophila pneumoniae; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013925:Thromboplastin / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors
D016328:NF-kappa B; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D013925:Thromboplastin