title: The effect of single engine fixed wing air transport on rate-responsive pacemakers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Insufficient information exists about the safety of patients with accelerometer-based rate-responsive pacemakers in air transport by general aviation aircraft.
  
  
  METHODS
  The response in pacing rate of two types of accelerometer-based rate-responsive pacemakers with data logging capabilities was studied during test flights with single engine fixed wing aircraft. Results were compared with the rate-response of these pacemakers during transportation by car and were also interpreted in respect to physiological heart rate response of aircrew during flights in single engine fixed wing aircraft. In addition, a continuous accelerometer readout was recorded during a turbulent phase of flight. This recording was used for a pacemaker-simulator experiment with maximal sensitive motion-sensor settings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only a minor increase in pacing rate due to aircraft motion could be demonstrated during all phases of flight at all altitudes with the pacemakers programmed in the normal mode. This increase was of the same magnitude as induced during transport by car and would be of negligible influence on the performance of the individual pacemaker patient equipped with such a pacemaker. Moreover, simultaneous Holter monitoring of the pilots during these flights showed a similar rate-response in natural heart rate compared with the increase in pacing rate induced by aircraft motion in accelerometer-based rate-responsive pacemakers. No sensor-mediated pacemaker tachycardia was seen during any of these recordings. However, a 15% increase in pacing rate was induced by severe air turbulence. Programming the maximal sensitivity of the motion sensor into the pacemaker could, on the other hand, induce a significant increase in pacing rate as was demonstrated by the simulation experiments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results seem to rule out potentially dangerous or adverse effects from motional or vibrational influences during transport in single engine fixed wing aircraft on accelerometer-based rate-responsive pacemakers with normal activity sensor settings.
authors.affiliation: Foundation for Aviation Medicine Research, De Voscuyl, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands. aa.derotte@kpd.nl
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: De Rotte
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Van Der Kemp
mesh_terms: D000054:Acceleration / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000328:Adult; D000337:Aerospace Medicine; D001336:Automobiles; D001359:Aviation / Q000145:classification; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; D004868:Equipment Failure; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009038:Motion; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D012307:Risk Factors