title: Attitudes and beliefs of African Americans toward participation in medical research.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe barriers to participation of African Americans in research.
  
  
  METHODS
  Focus group interviews conducted in 1997.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-three African-American adults presenting to an urban public hospital for outpatient medical care participated in one of five focus groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  African-American patients' attitudes toward medical research were measured. Mistrust of doctors, scientists, and the government was reported consistently by the participants. Many participants described concerns about the ethical conduct of clinicians and investigators when poor or minority patients are involved and cited examples of exploitation as supporting evidence for their mistrust of the medical establishment. While participants were clear about the violation of human rights in the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, all were misinformed of the historical facts of the study. Few participants understood the concept of informed consent. Participants saw signing the document as relinquishing their autonomy and as a legal protection for physicians. Despite these concerns, participants gave recommendations to improve minority participation in research.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  African-American participants in this study described distrust of the medical community as a prominent barrier to participation in clinical research. Participants described real and perceived examples of exploitation to support their distrust of researchers. The goal of the consent process, to inform patients of risks and benefits so as to facilitate self-determination, was misinterpreted by these participants. Understanding the importance of interpersonal trust within the clinical relationship may prove to be a significant factor in enhancing participation in clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Corbie-Smith
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moody-Ayers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D000368:Aged; D001294:Attitude to Health / Q000208:ethnology*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000523:psychology*; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D005845:Georgia; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D012106:Research; D012306:Risk; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires