title: Perianal candidosis--a comparative study with mupirocin and nystatin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy and clinical outcome of 2% mupirocin in a polyethylene glycol base and nystatin cream as treatment regimens in diaper candidosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective randomized comparative study.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro. The susceptibility of 20 clinical isolates of Candida albicans to 2% mupirocin, nystatin, and five additional antifungal agents was evaluated using the Nathan agar-well diffusion assay. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of mupirocin against the Candida species was determined using a tube dilution method. In vivo. Twenty patients (mean age, 12 months; range, 1 month to 4 years) with moderate to severe Monilia diaper dermatitis either had mupirocin ointment or nystatin cream applied to the infected area every 8 h or after every diaper change for a period of 7 days. Microscopic examination of skin scrapings and mycologic and microbiological cultures were performed before treatment and daily for 7 days, and progress was clinically assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vitro. Topical mupirocin produced a greater zone of inhibition than nystatin cream, i.e. a mean of 27.2 mm (SD 1.55) compared with a mean of 17.3 mm (SD 1.08) for nystatin cream. MIC for mupirocin of 512 microg/mL in one case, 256 microg/mL in six cases, 200 microg/mL in 10 cases and 400 microg/mL in three cases were obtained for the 20 clinical isolates. C. albicans also displayed a universal sensitivity to mupirocin and nystatin. In vivo. Eradication of all Candida organisms was achieved within 2-6 days (mean, 2.6 days) in 10 patients receiving topical mupirocin therapy with rapid healing of the excoriated wounds (mean, 4.7 days). Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were eradicated from the infected area within the trial period. Ten patients received topical nystatin cream and, in each case, Candida was successfully cleared within 5 days (mean, 2.8 days). Only three wounds were clinically healed within the trial period, however. The remaining seven wounds showed evidence of improved, but ongoing excoriated dermatitis and a heavy growth of polymicrobial organisms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both agents eradicated Candida, the major difference being the marked response of the diaper dermatitis to mupirocin. Mupirocin should be applied topically 3-4 times daily or with each diaper change and is an excellent antifungal agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Surgery, Institute of Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Rondebosch, South Africa.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: de Wet
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rode
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van Dyk
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Millar
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003963:Diaper Rash / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D016712:Mupirocin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009761:Nystatin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D009761:Nystatin; D016712:Mupirocin