title: Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide regulation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide transcription requires Ca2+ influx and activation of the serine/threonine phosphatase calcineurin.
abstract: A >15-fold increase in vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) mRNA and VIP peptide levels occurred in primary chromaffin cells following exposure to the neurotrophic neuropeptide pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP)-27 with an EC50 of approximately 2 nM. PACAP induction of VIP expression was blocked by methoxyverapamil or by a combination of nimodipine and omega-conotoxin MVIIC, indicating a requirement for PACAP-initiated calcium entry through voltage-dependent calcium channels for regulation of VIP biosynthesis. Ascomycin, which inhibits calcineurin through formation of an ascomycin/FKBP12/calcineurin ternary complex, abolished the PACAP-evoked increase in VIP expression, whereas rapamycin, which also binds to FKBP12 but does not cause inhibition of calcineurin, did not. Cyclosporin A, which inhibits calcineurin through formation of a cyclosporin A/cyclophilin/calcineurin complex, also abolished PACAP-evoked VIP biosynthesis. These data indicate that PACAP regulates the expression of VIP via a signaling pathway that requires calcium influx and activation of calcineurin.
authors.affiliation: Section on Molecular Neuroscience, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Regulation, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hahm
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Eiden
mesh_terms: D000313:Adrenal Medulla / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D019703:Calcineurin / Q000378:metabolism*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019439:Chromaffin Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D009479:Neuropeptides; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; D019703:Calcineurin; D002118:Calcium