title: Testis risk and prognostic factors. The pathologist's perspective.
abstract: Pathologic analysis is invaluable in defining the levels of risk for the development of a testicular tumor or for metastasis in a patient with an established testicular cancer. The identification of IGCNU in testicular biopsies defines a group of patients at high risk for subsequent invasive germ cell tumor unless they are treated by orchiectomy or radiotherapy. This method for defining the risk for the development of a testicular tumor is not effective in prepubertal patients, except for those with intersex syndromes. Pathologic analysis of testicular germ cell tumors in patients with clinical stage I disease may allow their stratification into high- and low-risk groups for occult metastases. This would provide a rational basis for recommending intervention or surveillance, respectively. The precise classification of postchemotherapy lesions permits an assessment of the patient's risk for subsequent recurrence and progressive tumor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA.
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Ulbright
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009366:Neoplasm Seeding; D009919:Orchiectomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D011379:Prognosis; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents