title: Heparin-binding protein targeted to mitochondrial compartments protects endothelial cells from apoptosis.
abstract: Neutrophil-borne heparin-binding protein (HBP) is a multifunctional protein involved in the progression of inflammation. HBP is stored in neutrophil granules and released upon stimulation of the cells in proximity to endothelial cells. HBP affects endothelial cells in multiple ways; however, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the interaction of HBP with these cells are unknown. Affinity isolation and enzymatic degradation demonstrated that HBP released from human neutrophils binds to endothelial cell-surface proteoglycans, such as syndecans and glypican. Flow cytometry indicated that a significant fraction of proteoglycan-bound HBP is taken up by the endothelial cells, and we used radiolabeled HBP to determine the internalization rate of surface-bound HBP. Confocal and electron microscopy revealed that internalized HBP is targeted to perinuclear compartments of endothelial cells, where it colocalizes with mitochondria. Western blotting of isolated mitochondria from HBP-treated endothelial cells showed that HBP is present in 2 forms - 28 and 22 kDa. Internalized HBP markedly reduced growth factor deprivation-induced caspase-3 activation and protected endothelial cells from apoptosis, suggesting that uptake and intracellular routing of exogenous HBP to mitochondria contributes to the sustained viability of endothelial cells in the context of locally activated neutrophils.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Lund University, S-22100 Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Olofsson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vestberg
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Herwald
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rygaard
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: David
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Arfors
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Linde
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Flodgaard
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dedio
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Müller-Esterl
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lundgren-Akerlund
mesh_terms: D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D001692:Biological Transport; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002846:Chromatography, Affinity; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D006493:Heparin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D007975:Leukotriene B4 / Q000494:pharmacology; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000502:physiology*; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014471:Umbilical Veins
chemical_list: C062991:AZU1 protein, human; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D001798:Blood Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D011509:Proteoglycans; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D007975:Leukotriene B4; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine; D006493:Heparin; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate