title: An economic analysis of the Ottawa knee rule.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To conduct an economic analysis of the implementation of the Ottawa Knee Rule.
  
  
  METHODS
  The decision analysis compared usual practice based on physician judgment with practice based on a clinical decision rule, which allows more selective use of radiography. The study participants were all adults with blunt knee trauma. The likelihood and cost of radiography, missed fracture, lost productivity, and medicolegal actions were defined by published data and an expert panel. Separate analyses considered US Medicare and Canadian hospital costs. Sensitivity analyses considered a range of values for each variable in the model, including costs in a US fee-for-service setting. The study outcome was the mean cost per patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean cost savings associated with practice based on the Ottawa Knee Rule was $31 (95% confidence interval 22 to 44) to $34 (95% confidence interval 24 to 47) per patient. These results were robust to reasonable changes in the values of variables in the model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Implementation of the Ottawa Knee Rule would be associated with meaningful reductions in societal health care costs both in the United States and Canada without a reduction in quality of care.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Loeb Health Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. grahamnichol@earthlink.net
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nichol
authors.forename: I G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Stiell
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Juergensen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laupacis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017046:Cost Savings; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000191:economics*; D006278:Medicare / Q000191:economics; D009864:Ontario; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000191:economics*; D011859:Radiography; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D014481:United States