title: Gender-specific effects of CNQX administered into the arcuate nucleus on ventilatory patterns in rats.
abstract: This study evaluated the effect of microinjection of the non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, cyano, 3-dihydro-7-nitrogluinoxaline-2, 3-dione (CNQX), into the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus on ventilation in male and female rats. Conscious rats received saline or 50, 100, or 200 pmol concentrations of CNQX on separate days. Significant interactions between dose and gender were observed on frequency, inspiratory (TI) and expiratory (TE) time, and tidal volume. CNQX depressed frequency, but increased tidal volume in female rats. Effects of CNQX in males on these ventilatory parameters were considerably less. In CNQX-treated females the decrease in frequency of breathing was primarily due to an increase in TI. Exposure of CNQX-treated female rats to hypercapnia, but not to hypoxia transiently decreased TI. No effect of CNQX was noted on oxygen consumption or body temperature. Thus, non-NMDA receptors in the arcuate nucleus are involved in modulating ventilatory patterns in a gender-specific manner independent of its effects on oxygen consumption or body temperature.
authors.affiliation: Division of Basic Biomedical Science, University of South Dakota, School of Medicine, Vermillion 57069-2390, USA. eschlenk@usd.edu
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schlenker
mesh_terms: D018750:6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001111:Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus / Q000502:physiology*; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008845:Microinjections; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000187:drug effects*; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013990:Tidal Volume / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D018750:6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione