title: Effects of a homologous series of linear alcohol ethoxylate surfactants on fathead minnow early life stages.
abstract: Effects of a homologous series of three primarily linear alcohol ethoxylate surfactants were studied in laboratory flow-through 28-day early-life-stage tests with fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas Rafinesque). Surfactants were a C(9-11), C(12-13), and C(14-15) with an average of 6, 6.5, and 7 ethylene oxide units per mole of alcohol, respectively. Average measured surfactant recoveries were 103%, 81%, and 79% of nominal concentrations for the C(9-11) EO 6, C(12-13) EO 6.5, and C(14-15) EO 7 studies, respectively. Embryo survival at 48 h was not adversely affected at any of the concentrations tested. Impaired hatching and deformed fry were observed only in the C(12-13) EO 6.5 study. The 28-day LC50 values were 4.87, 2.39, and 1.02 mg/L for the C(9-11) EO 6, C(12-13) EO 6.5, and C(14-15) EO 7 surfactants, respectively. The corresponding NOECs for survival were 1.01, 1.76, and 0.74 mg/L. Posthatch fry growth was more sensitive than survival for the C(12-13) EO 6.5 and C(14-15) EO 7 surfactants. Survival of posthatch fry decreased with increasing surfactant alkyl chain length. Twenty-eight-day laboratory data were compared to 96-h laboratory, 10-day laboratory and 30-day stream mesocosm data for fathead minnow previously determined for these surfactants. Survival endpoints from the different exposures were comparable and only varied within a factor of two. Similarity of results suggests that it is possible to effectively use 96-h, 10-day, or 28-day laboratory data to predict environmental effects concentrations of these surfactants for fish. http://link.springer-ny. com/link/service/journals/00244/bibs/37n4p536.html</++ +HEA
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA.
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Lizotte
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Dorn
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Rodgers
mesh_terms: D000438:Alcohols / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D003530:Cyprinidae / Q000196:embryology; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects; D005027:Ethylene Oxide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000633:toxicity*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D013696:Temperature; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000438:Alcohols; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D005027:Ethylene Oxide