title: Are high levels of oestradiol after implants associated with features of dependence?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether features of dependence develop in women receiving oestradiol implants, and if so, whether these features are related to serum oestradiol levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire survey of women attending for implants over a six month period.
  
  
  METHODS
  An implant clinic in a district general hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Psychological symptoms and their relationship to serum oestradiol levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women with serum oestradiol levels below 500 pmol/L were generally asymptomatic of psychological symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum oestradiol levels of women receiving implants should be kept in the range of 300-500 pmol/L. Higher levels appear to be associated with the development of psychological symptoms which could be classified as features of dependence.
authors.affiliation: Singleton Hospital, Swansea, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: O'Leary
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bowen-Simpkins
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tejura
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Rajesh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004343:Drug Implants; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood*; D005221:Fatigue / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D004343:Drug Implants; D004958:Estradiol