Dynamics of wound healing after silicone device implantation.
A large surgical wound is required for implantation of silicone mammary devices. Formation of capsules around silicone devices follows wound healing processes except that the healing is conformed and significantly delayed by the physical presence of the implant. Multilayered capsules are thicker and lymphocytic and plasmalymphocytic vasculitis, markers for delayed hypersensitivity, also correlate with thicker capsules. Polyurethane-coated devices induce very thick capsules that remain so for over 20 years. By contrast, gel and saline content devices show maximum thickness at 6. 5 years. Active T(H) lymphocyte memory does not differ by implant type for individuals with devices in place and that for gel content devices peaks at 10.5 years. There was a significant decrease in T cell indexes only after the removal of saline content devices. Comparison of the rate of formation of the periprosthetic capsule with the healing time of large wounds of similar size indicates that silicone devices interfere with the healing process, requiring substantially more time. This extended period has the potential for enhancing autoimmune conversion as a consequence of persistent delayed hypersensitivity.
Shanklin
D R
DR
Department of Pathology, University of Tennessee, Memphis 38163, USA.
Smalley
D L
DL
D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D019928:Breast Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018427:Breast Implants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005549:Foreign-Body Reaction / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D007156:Immunologic Memory / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000009:adverse effects; D020034:Silicone Gels / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000276:immunology; D014945:Wound Healing
D011140:Polyurethanes; D020034:Silicone Gels