title: Genetic reassortment of avian, swine, and human influenza A viruses in American pigs.
abstract: In late summer through early winter of 1998, there were several outbreaks of respiratory disease in the swine herds of North Carolina, Texas, Minnesota, and Iowa. Four viral isolates from outbreaks in different states were analyzed genetically. Genotyping and phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that the four swine viruses had emerged through two different pathways. The North Carolina isolate is the product of genetic reassortment between H3N2 human and classic swine H1N1 influenza viruses, while the others arose from reassortment of human H3N2, classic swine H1N1, and avian viral genes. The hemagglutinin genes of the four isolates were all derived from the human H3N2 virus circulating in 1995. It remains to be determined if either of these recently emerged viruses will become established in the pigs in North America and whether they will become an economic burden.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA.
authors.forename: N N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Senne
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Landgraf
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Swenson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Erickson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rossow
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: K j
authors.initials: Kj
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krauss
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Webster
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001717:Birds / Q000821:virology; D016679:Genome, Viral; D006801:Humans; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016865:Reassortant Viruses; D013552:Swine / Q000821:virology