title: Biphasic response to gut manipulation and temporal correlation of cellular infiltrates and muscle dysfunction in rat.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgical manipulation of the intestine results in the massive movement of leukocytes into the intestinal muscularis at 24 hours. This is associated with muscle inhibition. The aim of this study was to temporally associate leukocyte extravasation with ileus after surgical manipulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats underwent a simple manipulation of the small bowel and were killed at various times (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours) postoperatively. Jejunal circular-muscle contractile activity was assessed in a standard organ bath. Both extravasating and resident leukocytes were immunohistochemically stained in muscularis whole mounts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Contractile activity was significantly reduced immediately after surgery, but rapidly returned to control levels at 3 hours. After recovery, muscle function decreased at 12 and 24 hours (41% and 81%, respectively). The resident muscularis macrophage network demonstrated cellular activation 1 hour postoperatively. The number of leukocytes increased over time (neutrophils, 67.5-fold; monocytes, 98.2-fold; and mast cells, 47-fold at 24 hours).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The functional results demonstrate a biphasic response in the suppression of muscle activity after surgical manipulation. Regression analysis (r2 = 0.998) of the temporal development of leukocyte infiltration and the protracted phase of muscle inhibition provides evidence for a correlation between cellular inflammation and postoperative dysmotility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pa., USA.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kalff
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Buchholz
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Eskandari
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hierholzer
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Schraut
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Simmons
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Bauer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005772:Gastrointestinal Transit; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D006801:Humans; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D051381:Rats; D011912:Rats, Inbred ACI; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D009195:Peroxidase