title: Gene therapy with vascular endothelial growth factor for inoperable coronary artery disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients presenting with medically intractable angina who have undergone previous coronary bypass (CABG) and/or percutaneous revascularization procedures are frequently deemed "inoperable" based on angiographic findings of diffuse distal disease or a lack of available conduits. We initiated a phase I clinical trial to assess the safety and bioactivity of intramyocardial transfection of plasmid DNA encoding for the angiogenic mitogen vascular endothelial growth factor (ph-VEGF165) in such patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  phVEGF165 (125 microg, n = 10; 250 microg, n = 10) was injected directly into the myocardium through a mini left anterior thoracotomy as sole therapy in 20 patients (15 male, 5 female, age 48 to 74 years) with class III or IV angina, reversible ischemia on stress sestamibi scans, and "inoperable" coronary artery disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients tolerated surgery uneventfully and were extubated on the table. No perioperative myocardial infarction, hemodynamic instability, or change in ventricular function occurred. Mean hospital stay was 3.9 days. There was one late death (4 months). Plasma VEGF protein level increased from 30.6+/-4.1 pg/mL pretreatment to 73.7+/-10.1 pg/mL 14 days posttreatment (p = 0.0002) and returned to baseline by day 90. All 16 patients followed to day 90 reported a reduction in angina (nitroglycerin use/week = 60.2+/-4.9 preop vs 3.5+/-1.6 at 90 days; p<0.0001). Seventy percent (7 of 10) patients were completely angina free at 6 months. A reduction in ischemic defects on single photon emission computerized tomography sestamibi scans was observed in 13 of 17 patients at 60 days (7 of 8 in the 250-microg group). Stress perfusion score decreased from 19.4+/-3.7 at baseline to 15.9+/-3.4 at 60 days (p = 0.025). Angiographic evidence of improved collateral filling of at least one occluded vessel was observed in all patients evaluated at day 60.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Direct myocardial gene transfer with phVEGF165 via a mini-thoracotomy can be performed safely and may result in significant symptomatic improvement in patients with "inoperable" coronary artery disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. jsymes@semc.org
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Symes
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Losordo
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Vale
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Lathi
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Esakof
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mayskiy
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Isner
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D004926:Escherichia coli; D005260:Female; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006801:Humans; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D008222:Lymphokines; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi