title: Synthesis and characterisation of palymitoyl propanolol hydrochloride auto-lymphotrophs for oral administration.
abstract: Self-associating supramolecular organisation of molecules above critical micellar concentrations (c.m.c.) offers enormous potentials in figuring distinguished behaviour both within formulations as well as in the bioenvironment. The present study deals with the enhancement of the oral bioavailability of propranolol HCl by synthesising the amphiphathic prodrug, which tends to aggregate in supramolecular orientations. The palmitoyl derivative of propranolol HCl was prepared by esterification of the secondary OH group. The prepared palmitoyl propranolol HCl (PPH) was characterised for its structure by IR and NMR spectroscopy as well as its physicochemical properties, hydrolysis profile and interfacial behaviour. The degree of hydrolysis as well as the aminolysis of aggregated and molecular PPH was monitored as a function of varying pH. The aminolysis could be effectively ablated in the case of the aggregated form of PPH. The in vivo bioavailability was determined by calculating the area under the curve in the blood plasma profile after oral administration of PPH in the form of a liquid crystalline dispersion and molecular dispersion. The possible mechanism operating for the enhancement of oral bioavailability was established as lymphatic transportation.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr H.S. Gour University (formerly the University of Saugor), Sagar, India. spvyas@gwr1.dot.net.in
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Vyas
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jaitely
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kanaujia
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000818:Animals; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D005260:Female; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008208:Lymphatic System / Q000378:metabolism*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011433:Propranolol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D051381:Rats; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared; D013500:Surface Tension; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D011355:Prodrugs; C401282:palmitoyl propranolol; D011433:Propranolol