Bladder. Risk and prognostic factors--a pathologist's perspective.
Morphology remains a power tool to help predict the risk of recurrence, progression, and even response to therapy in bladder cancer. Nevertheless, more work is needed to refine and standardize criteria and terminology. Novel molecular tools may reveal prognostic factors, but these techniques must be compared with standard morphologic and clinical markers by performing multivariate analysis in a prospective fashion.
Reuter
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Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA. reuterv@mskcc.org
D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000473:pathology; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012306:Risk; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology*; D019459:Urothelium / Q000473:pathology