title: A comparison of laparoscopic ultrasound versus cholangiography in the evaluation of the biliary tree during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study assessed the effectiveness of laparoscopic ultrasound in detecting main biliary duct stones.
  
  
  METHODS
  From November 1994 to August 1998, 600 patients treated by laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included in a prospective study, to compare intraoperative cholangiography and laparoscopic ultrasound. The biliary tree was successively explored by these two methods in the routine detection of common bile duct stones.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The feasibility of laparoscopic ultrasound was 100%. Cholangiography was performed only in 498 cases (83%). The time taken for laparoscopic ultrasound examination was significantly shorter (10.2 vs 17.9 min, P=0.0001). In this study, common bile duct stones were found in 54 cases (9%). For their detection, results were comparable to laparoscopic ultrasound and intraoperative cholangiography. For laparoscopic ultrasound, sensitivity was 80% and specificity 99%; and for cholangiography 75 and 98% respectively. Both examinations combined had a 100% sensitivity and specificity. Laparoscopic ultrasound failed to recognize the intrapancreatic part of the common bile duct in 78 cases (13%) and did not show anatomical anomalies detected by cholangiography. It did however detect other unsuspected intra-abdominal pathologies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic ultrasound is safe, repeatable, and non-invasive, but a considerable learning curve is necessary to optimize its efficacy. Comparison of relative cost must be undertaken.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Hôpital Jean Verdier, F-93143, Bondy, France. jean-marc.catheline@jvr.ap-hop-paris.fr
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Catheline
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rizk
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Champault
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002758:Cholangiography; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic; D003135:Common Bile Duct / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D042882:Gallstones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods