title: Suboptimal contrast-enhanced carotid MR angiography from the left brachiocephalic venous stasis.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate left brachiocephalic venous stasis and its relationship to suboptimal contrast-enhanced carotid magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). Two groups of patients (group 1, 475 patients; group 2, 159 patients) were examined by contrast-enhanced carotid MRA. Dynamic images of four serial phases were obtained by a three-dimensional fast low-angle shot (3D-FLASH) MRA sequence after bolus injection of 20 ml of gadolinium chelate. In group 1, 43 (9.1%) of 475 cases failed in optimal visualization of carotid arteries because of venous stasis. Left-side injection of contrast media was significantly related to venous stasis (42/43) (P < 0.0001). The patients with venous stasis had a higher mean age (54. 8 +/- 1.5 vs. 60.7 +/- 2.9 years) and higher incidence of hypertension (52.8% vs. 72.1%; P < 0.05). Venous stasis was found at the left brachiocephalic vein (42/43). Compression of the left brachiocephalic vein between the sternum and aorta was confirmed in four cases by venography, chest computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. In group 2, right-side injection did not cause venous stasis at all. The results of this study suggest that use of the right arm for contrast media injection is preferable in the absence of contraindications. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 1999;10:503-509.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and the Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 135-270, South Korea.
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Joo
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chien
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Laub
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016121:Brachiocephalic Veins / Q000473:pathology*; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000473:pathology*; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006801:Humans; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014689:Venous Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA