title: The Schizosaccharomyces pombe hst4(+) gene is a SIR2 homologue with silencing and centromeric functions.
abstract: Although silencing is a significant form of transcriptional regulation, the functional and mechanistic limits of its conservation have not yet been established. We have identified the Schizosaccharomyces pombe hst4(+) gene as a member of the SIR2/HST silencing gene family that is defined in organisms ranging from bacteria to humans. hst4Delta mutants grow more slowly than wild-type cells and have abnormal morphology and fragmented DNA. Mutant strains show decreased silencing of reporter genes at both telomeres and centromeres. hst4(+) appears to be important for centromere function as well because mutants have elevated chromosome-loss rates and are sensitive to a microtubule-destabilizing drug. Consistent with a role in chromatin structure, Hst4p localizes to the nucleus and appears concentrated in the nucleolus. hst4Delta mutant phenotypes, including growth and silencing phenotypes, are similar to those of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae HSTs, and at a molecular level, hst4(+) is most similar to HST4. Furthermore, hst4(+) is a functional homologue of S. cerevisiae HST3 and HST4 in that overexpression of hst4(+) rescues the temperature-sensitivity and telomeric silencing defects of an hst3Delta hst4Delta double mutant. These results together demonstrate that a SIR-like silencing mechanism is conserved in the distantly related yeasts and is likely to be found in other organisms from prokaryotes to mammals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0347, USA.
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Freeman-Cook
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sherman
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Brachmann
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Allshire
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Boeke
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pillus
mesh_terms: D002503:Centromere / Q000378:metabolism*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D020868:Gene Silencing; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D006655:Histone Deacetylases; D008858:Microscopy, Phase-Contrast; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics; D012568:Schizosaccharomyces / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D038281:Silent Information Regulator Proteins, Saccharomyces cerevisiae; D056565:Sirtuin 2; D037761:Sirtuins; D016615:Telomere / Q000235:genetics; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D038281:Silent Information Regulator Proteins, Saccharomyces cerevisiae; D015534:Trans-Activators; C087778:SIR2 protein, S cerevisiae; D056565:Sirtuin 2; D037761:Sirtuins; D006655:Histone Deacetylases