title: Vascular effects of lipopolysaccharide are enhanced in interleukin-10-deficient mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The role in blood vessels of interleukin-10 (IL-10), a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine, is not known. Using mice with targeted deletion of the gene for IL-10 (IL-10(-/-)), we examined the hypothesis that IL-10 is a major modulator of the vascular effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods-We examined in vitro responses of carotid arteries obtained from wild-type (129/SvEv or C57BL/6; IL-10(+/+)) and IL-10-deficient mice 6 hours after injection of a relatively low dose of LPS (10 microgram).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Contraction of the carotid artery in response to U46619 was impaired in IL-10-deficient mice treated with LPS compared with LPS-treated controls. After LPS, U46619 (0.03 and 0.1 microgram/mL) contracted the carotid artery by 0.11+/-0.02 (mean+/-SEM) and 0.38+/-0.03 g in wild-type (n=10) and 0.03+/-0.01 and 0.19+/-0.03 g in IL-10-deficient (n=8) mice (P<0.05 versus control). Aminoguanidine, an inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), had no significant effect on contraction of the carotid artery from LPS-treated control mice but restored contraction of the carotid artery in response to U46619 in IL-10-deficient mice to levels seen in wild-type mice. Similar findings were obtained when phenylephrine was used as a vasoconstricting agent. These findings indicate that LPS produces much greater impairment of contractile responses of the carotid artery in IL-10-deficient mice than in control mice. Impaired contractile function was eliminated by aminoguanidine, suggesting that expression of iNOS is enhanced in arteries from IL-10-deficient mice. In carotid arteries from animals injected with LPS, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) products for iNOS were found more frequently in IL-10-deficient mice than in wild-type mice. RT-PCR products for iNOS were not present in arteries from vehicle-treated animals (IL-10-deficient or wild-type mice).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first evidence that endogenous IL-10 is a major determinant of the effects of LPS on vascular tone. The results suggest that impaired constrictor responses of the carotid artery after LPS in IL-10-deficient mice are mediated by enhanced expression of iNOS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, USA.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Gunnett
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Faraci
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Feuerstein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000187:drug effects*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016753:Interleukin-10