title: Immunochemical analysis of cathepsin B in lung tumours: an independent prognostic factor for squamous cell carcinoma patients.
abstract: In order to evaluate the possible role of the proteolytic enzyme cathepsin B (cath B) in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) we examined cath B concentrations (cath B(C)) and activities (cath B(A)) in homogenates of 127 pairs of lung tumour tissues and corresponding non-tumourous lung parenchyma. Total cath B activity (cath B(AT)) and enzymatic activity of the fraction of cath B, which is stable and active at pH 7.5 (cath B(A7.5)) were determined by a fluorogenic assay using synthetic substrate Z-Arg-Arg-AMC. The immunostaining pattern of cath B was determined in 239 lung tumour tissue sections, showing the presence of the enzyme in tumour cells (cath B(T-I)) and in tumour-associated histiocytes (cath B(H-I)). The median levels of cath B(AT), cath B(A7.5) and cath B(C) were 5.6-, 3.2- and 9.1-fold higher (P < 0.001), respectively, in tumour tissue than in non-tumourous lung parenchyma. Out of 131 tissue sections from patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 59.5% immunostained positively for cath B, while among the 108 adenocarcinoma (AC) patients 48.2% of tumours showed a positive reaction. There was a strong relationship between the levels of cath B(AT), cath B(A7.5), cath B(C) and cath B(T-I) in the primary tumours and the presence of lymph node metastases. Significant correlation with overall survival was observed for cath B(T-I) and cath B(A7.5) (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively) in patients suffering from SCC. In these patients positive cath B in tumour cells (cath B(T-I)) and negative cath B in histiocytes (cath B(H-I)) indicated significantly shorter survival rate compared with patients with negative cath B(T-I) and positive cath B(H-I) (P < 0.0001). In contrast, in AC patients, both, positive cath B(T-I) and positive cath B(H-I), indicated poor survival probability (P < 0.014). From these results we conclude that the proteolytic enzyme cath B is an independent prognostic factor for overall survival of patients suffering from SCC of the lung.
authors.affiliation: Thoraxklinik Heidelberg-Rohrbach, Abteilung für Klinische Chemie und Bakteriologie, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Werle
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lötterle
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schanzenbächer
authors.forename: T T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Lah
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kalman
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kayser
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bülzebruck
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schirren
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krasovec
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kos
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Spiess
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000201:enzymology / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D002401:Cathepsin B / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D002401:Cathepsin B