title: Protein kinase B stimulates the translocation of GLUT4 but not GLUT1 or transferrin receptors in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by a pathway involving SNAP-23, synaptobrevin-2, and/or cellubrevin.
abstract: An interaction of SNAP-23 and syntaxin 4 on the plasma membrane with vesicle-associated synaptobrevin-2 and/or cellubrevin, known as SNAP (soluble N-ethyl-maleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein) receptors or SNAREs, has been proposed to provide the targeting and/or fusion apparatus for insulin-stimulated translocation of the GLUT4 isoform of glucose transporter to the plasma membrane. By microinjecting 3T3-L1 adipocytes with the Clostridium botulinum toxin B or E, which proteolyzed synaptobrevin-2/cellubrevin and SNAP-23, respectively, we investigated the role of these SNAREs in GLUT4, GLUT1, and transferrin receptor trafficking. As expected, insulin stimulated the translocation of GLUT4, GLUT1, and transferrin receptors to the plasma membrane. By contrast, a constitutively active protein kinase B (PKB-DD) only stimulated a translocation of GLUT4 and not GLUT1 or the transferrin receptor. The GLUT4 response to PKB-DD was abolished by toxins B or E, whereas the insulin-evoked translocation of GLUT4 was inhibited by approximately 65%. These toxins had no significant effect on insulin-stimulated transferrin receptor appearance at the cell surface. Thus, insulin appears to induce GLUT4 translocation via two distinct routes, only one of which involves SNAP-23 and synaptobrevin-2/cellubrevin, and can be mobilized by PKB-DD. The PKB-, SNAP-23-, and synaptobrevin-2/cellubrevin-independent GLUT4 translocation pathway may involve movement through recycling endosomes, together with GLUT1 and transferrin receptors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Imperial College, London SW7 2AY.
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Foran
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Fletcher
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Oatey
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mohammed
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Dolly
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Tavaré
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000378:metabolism; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D050766:Qb-SNARE Proteins; D050767:Qc-SNARE Proteins; D050683:R-SNARE Proteins; D011990:Receptors, Transferrin / Q000378:metabolism; D051040:Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein 3; D015032:Zinc / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D007328:Insulin; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D050766:Qb-SNARE Proteins; D050767:Qc-SNARE Proteins; D050683:R-SNARE Proteins; D011990:Receptors, Transferrin; C495677:SLC2A1 protein, human; C495692:SLC2A4 protein, human; C100493:SNAP23 protein, human; C495678:Slc2a1 protein, mouse; C495693:Slc2a4 protein, mouse; C107017:Snap23 protein, mouse; D051040:Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein 3; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D001905:Botulinum Toxins; D015032:Zinc