title: Magnetic fields from steel-belted radial tires: implications for epidemiologic studies.
abstract: Magnetic fields emanate from radial tires due to the presence of reinforcing belts which are made of magnetized steel wire. When these tires spin, they generate alternating magnetic fields of extremely low frequency (ELF), usually below 20 Hz. The fundamental frequency of these fields is determined by tire rotation rate and has a sinusoidal waveform with a high harmonic content. The static field of radial tires can exceed 500 microT at the tread, and the tire-generated alternating fields can exceed 2.0 microT at seat level in the passenger compartment of vehicles. Degaussing the tires reduces both the static and alternating fields to low levels, but the fields increase gradually over time after degaussing. The tire-generated fields are below the frequencies detected by most of the magnetic field meters used in previous studies of power frequency magnetic field health effects. If these fields are biologically active, failure to detect them could compromise exposure assessments associated with epidemiologic studies.
authors.affiliation: Gravelly Beach Loop NW, Olympia, Washington. smilham@halcyon.com
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Milham
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Hatfield
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tell
mesh_terms: D001336:Automobiles; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004813:Epidemiology; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D008280:Magnetics / Q000009:adverse effects; D018986:Motor Vehicles; D012399:Rotation; D013232:Steel; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D013232:Steel