title: Prevalence and risk factors of bacteriuria in cirrhotic patients: a prospective case-control multicenter study in 244 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The prevalence and risks factors of bacteriuria in cirrhotics have not been assessed by case-control study, and there are conflicting data concerning the role of liver failure and of ascites. The aims of this study were: i) to evaluate the prevalence of bacteriuria in cirrhotics, ii) to search for associated factors, iii) to evaluate the role of bladder post-void residual volume, and iv) to test the sensitivity of isolated bacteria to norfloxacin.
  
  
  METHODS
  The prevalence and risk factors of bacteriuria on admission were determined by a multicenter prospective case-control study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred and forty-four cirrhotic patients and 240 controls were studied. Bacteriuria was present in 38 patients (15.6%; IC 5%: 11%-20%) and 18 controls (7.5%; IC 5%: 4.2%-11%; p<0.001). By univariate analysis, female sex and ongoing diuretic treatment were associated with bacteriuria (p<0.0001 and p<0.04, respectively). Pugh's grade, ascites and bladder residual volume were not associated with bacteriuria. By multivariate analysis, female sex (p<0.0001) and Child-Pugh score (p<0.03) were predictors of bacteriuria. Sensitivity of bacteria to norfloxacin was observed in 94.7%; sterile urine cultures were noted in 95.2% of patients treated with this antibiotic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bacteriuria is twice as frequent in cirrhotic patients as in matched controls, and there is a trend to association with female sex and liver insufficiency.
authors.affiliation: Unité d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Centre Hospitalier Laënnec de Creil, France.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Cadranel
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Denis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pauwels
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Barbare
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Eugène
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: di Martino
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Poquet
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Medini
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Coutarel
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Latrive
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lemaître
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Devergie
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D009643:Norfloxacin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016055:Urinary Retention / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D009643:Norfloxacin