title: The ethical problems with sham surgery in clinical research.
authors.affiliation: Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Macklin
mesh_terms: D035061:Control Groups; D030881:Disclosure; D026724:Ethical Review; D028744:Ethics Committees, Research; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D016332:Fetal Tissue Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000601:surgery*; D010919:Placebos; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000592:standards*; D035842:Research Subjects; D012306:Risk; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000009:adverse effects; D036302:Therapeutic Human Experimentation
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos