Chinese and U.S. internists adhere to different ethical standards.
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether internists in the United States and China have different ideas and behaviors regarding informing patients of terminal diagnoses and HIV/AIDS, the role of the family in end-of-life decision making, and assisted suicide.


METHODS
Structured questionnaire of clinical vignettes followed by multiple choice questions.


METHODS
University and community hospitals in San Francisco and Beijing, China.


METHODS
Forty practicing internists were interviewed, 20 in China and 20 in the United States.


RESULTS
Of the internists surveyed, 95% of the U.S. internists and none of the Chinese internists would inform a patient with cancer of her diagnosis. However, 100% of U.S. and 90% of Chinese internists would tell a terminally ill patient who had AIDS, rather than advanced cancer, about his diagnosis. When family members' wishes conflicted with a patient's preferences regarding chemotherapy of advanced cancer, Chinese internists were more likely to follow the family's preferences rather than the patient's preferences (65%) than were the U.S. internists (5%). Thirty percent of U.S. internists and 15% of Chinese internists agreed with a terminally ill patient's request for sufficient narcotics to end her life.


CONCLUSIONS
We found significant differences in clinical ethical beliefs between internists in the United States and China, most evident in informing patients of a cancer diagnosis. In general, the Chinese physicians appeared to give far greater weight to family preferences in medical decision making than did the U.S. physicians.
Feldman
M D
MD
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0320, USA.
Zhang
J
J
Cummings
S R
SR
D000328:Adult; D002681:China; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007388:Internal Medicine; D008297:Male; D010358:Patient Participation; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D011368:Professional-Family Relations; D017236:Suicide, Assisted; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D019452:Terminally Ill; D014342:Truth Disclosure; D014481:United States