title: Is endoscopic paravascular injection of sclerosing agents reasonable in the control of GI bleeding?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The pharmacologic response and microvascular effects associated with the endoscopic injection of sclerosing agents around vessels (paravascular injection) to stop bleeding from the digestive tract remain to be clarified.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using in vivo microscopy, we directly visualized submucosal microvessels of the rat stomach and intestine. We studied differences among sclerosing agents in thrombus formation and vascular diameter change that occur through a pharmacologic response and/or local compression after topical application or paravascular injection of the agents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Except for absolute ethanol, topical application of the agents did not cause constriction or thrombi in either arterioles or venules. Polidocanol topical application and paravascular injection significantly dilated arterioles. Injecting ethanolamine oleate near venules constricted them the longest and most effectively, but vasoconstriction in arterioles was transient. Injecting absolute ethanol formed long-lasting thrombi and caused vasoconstriction in venules, but arteriole thrombi persisted no more than 3 minutes. The vascular response to thrombin did not significantly differ from that to physiologic saline.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The paravascular injection of ethanolamine oleate, because of its long-lasting vasoconstriction, or of absolute ethanol, because of its thrombogenic effect, is a valid therapeutic approach to treating venous bleeding. The efficacy of paravascular injection of sclerosing agents for treating acute arterial bleeding, however, is not supported in this experimental model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Saiseikai Central Hospital, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tatemichi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sekizuka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morishita
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mizuki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishii
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004064:Digestive System / Q000098:blood supply; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000628:therapy*; D007267:Injections / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects; D009829:Oleic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077423:Polidocanol; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015911:Sclerotherapy; D013917:Thrombin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D009829:Oleic Acids; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions; D000077423:Polidocanol; D000431:Ethanol; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D013917:Thrombin; C033343:ethanolamine oleate