title: Fetal cell transplantation: a comparison of three cell types.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We have previously reported that fetal cardiomyocyte transplantation into myocardial scar improves heart function. The mechanism by which this occurs, however, has not been elucidated. To investigate possible mechanisms by which cell transplantation may improve heart function, we compared cardiac function after transplantation of 3 different fetal cell types: cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells (nonstriated muscle cells), and fibroblasts (noncontractile cells).
  
  
  METHODS
  A left ventricular scar was created by cryoinjury in adult rats. Four weeks after injury, cultured fetal ventricular cardiomyocytes (n = 13), enteric smooth muscle cells (n = 10), skin fibroblasts (n = 10), or culture medium (control, n = 15 total) were injected into the myocardial scar. All rats received cyclosporine A (INN: ciclosporin). Four weeks after transplantation, left ventricular function was evaluated in a Langendorff preparation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The implanted cells were identified histologically. All transplanted cell types formed tissue within the myocardial scar. At an end-diastolic volume of 0.2 mL, developed pressures in cardiomyocytes group were significantly greater than smooth muscle cells and skin fibroblasts groups (cardiomyocytes, 134% +/- 22% of control; smooth muscle cells, 108% +/- 14% of control; skin fibroblasts, 106% +/- 17% of control; P =.0001), as were +dP/dt(max) (cardiomyocytes, 119% +/- 37% of control; smooth muscle cells, 98% +/- 18% of control; skin fibroblasts, 92% +/- 11% of control; P =. 0001) and -dP/dt(max) (cardiomyocytes, 126% +/- 29% of control; smooth muscle cells, 108% +/- 19% of control; skin fibroblasts, 99% +/- 16% control; P =.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fetal cardiomyocytes transplanted into myocardial scar provided greater contractility and relaxation than fetal smooth muscle cells or fetal fibroblasts. The contractile and elastic properties of transplanted cells determine the degree of improvement in ventricular function achievable with cell transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Weisel
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Mickle
authors.forename: Z Q
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Yau
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002306:Cardiac Volume / Q000502:physiology; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000601:surgery; D017690:Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000601:surgery; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003971:Diastole; D016332:Fetal Tissue Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000637:transplantation*; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000166:cytology; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007422:Intestines / Q000166:cytology; D008297:Male; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000166:cytology*; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology; D017725:Ventricular Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine