title: Early release and subsequent caspase-mediated degradation of cytochrome c in apoptotic cerebellar granule cells.
abstract: Cytochrome c (cyt c) release was investigated in cerebellar granule cells used as an in vitro neuronal model of apoptosis. We have found that cyt c is released into the cytoplasm as an intact, functionally active protein, that this event occurs early, in the commitment phase of the apoptotic process, and that after accumulation, this protein is progressively degraded. Degradation, but not release, is fully blocked by benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylchetone (z-VAD-fmk). On the basis of previous findings obtained in the same neuronal population undergoing excitotoxic death, it is hypothesized that release of cyt c may be part of a cellular attempt to maintain production of ATP via cytochrome oxidase, which is reduced by cytosolic NADH in a cytochrome b5-soluble cyt c-mediated fashion.
authors.affiliation: Centro di Studio sui Mitocondri e Metabolismo Energetico, CNR, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bobba
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Atlante
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giannattasio
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sgaramella
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Calissano
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marra
mesh_terms: D000263:Adenylate Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000378:metabolism*; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D003574:Cytochrome c Group / Q000378:metabolism*; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D005969:Glutamate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D015151:Immunoblotting; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D011048:Polarography; D051381:Rats; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; D003574:Cytochrome c Group; C096713:benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone; D005969:Glutamate Dehydrogenase; D000263:Adenylate Kinase; D020169:Caspases