title: A complication of intraoperative facial nerve monitoring: facial skin burns.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report on three cases of severe facial skin burns resulting from intraoperative facial nerve monitoring in patients undergoing parotidectomies.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study is a retrospective case review.
  
  
  METHODS
  A tertiary referral center.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study includes three patients who underwent parotidectomies with concurrent facial nerve monitoring.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Facial skin burns were proven to result from a technical defect of the intraoperative facial nerve monitoring device. Burns were sustained at electrode insertion sites and their extent was related to the duration of monitoring. The most probable explanation of these burns is electrolysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Successful retracing of technical defaults with biomedical engineers at the device manufacturer have led to the upgrade of the facial nerve monitor apparatus. The benefits of facial nerve monitoring largely outweigh the fortuitous occurrence of skin burns reported in this study. Therefore, this complication should not represent a drawback to the use of facial nerve monitoring.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology--Head and Surgery, Geneva University Hospital, Switzerland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haenggeli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dulguerov
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002056:Burns / Q000209:etiology*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004576:Electromyography / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation; D004867:Equipment Design; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005151:Facial Injuries / Q000209:etiology*; D005154:Facial Nerve / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation; D010305:Parotid Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies