title: Characteristics and quality of Papanicolaou smears obtained by primary care clinicians using a single commercial laboratory.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few data are available on factors associated with the quality of Papanicolaou smears performed in primary care.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify the patterns and proficiency of cervical cancer screening among different primary care specialties.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical and cytologic data from 21,833 Papanicolaou smears, submitted to a single large commercial laboratory by 176 clinicians during a 7-month period, were correlated with individual clinician and specialty characteristics according to indexes of specimen quality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Obstetrician-gynecologists, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants provided screening to a younger population of women compared with family physicians, internists, and general practitioners. Factors positively associated with a greater probability of a "satisfactory" smear or the presence of endocervical cells (as a marker of adequate sampling) were increasing patient age, use of the cytobrush, and the specialty of the obstetrician-gynecologist. Satisfactory smears were not associated with any increased identification of cytologic abnormalities compared with "limited" smears. In contrast, smears with endocervical cells showed a higher proportion of abnormalities compared with specimens without such cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Differences in the performance of obtaining Papanicolaou smears exist between primary care specialties, but need further clarification. The use of the cytobrush and the presence of endocervical cells are criteria that reflect clinician proficiency more realistically than the laboratory criterion of satisfactory smear.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA. fmcurtis@med.unc.edu
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Curtis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mintzer
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Morrell
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Resnick
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hendrix
authors.forename: B F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Qaqish
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D005194:Family Practice / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D006176:Gynecology / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D007388:Internal Medicine / Q000592:standards; D007753:Laboratories; D009657:North Carolina; D009722:Nurse Practitioners / Q000592:standards; D009774:Obstetrics / Q000592:standards; D065006:Papanicolaou Test; D010823:Physician Assistants / Q000592:standards; D010822:Physicians, Women / Q000592:standards; D011247:Pregnancy; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000592:standards*; D014481:United States; D014626:Vaginal Smears / Q000592:standards*