title: Application of the bootstrap procedure provides an alternative to standard statistical procedures in the estimation of the vitamin B-6 requirement.
abstract: The bootstrap procedure is a versatile statistical tool for the estimation of standard errors and confidence intervals. It is useful when standard statistical methods are not available or are poorly behaved, e.g., for nonlinear functions or when assumptions of a statistical model have been violated. Inverse regression estimation is an example of a statistical tool with a wide application in human nutrition. In a recent study, inverse regression was used to estimate the vitamin B-6 requirement of young women. In the present statistical application, both standard statistical methods and the bootstrap technique were used to estimate the mean vitamin B-6 requirement, standard errors and 95% confidence intervals for the mean. The bootstrap procedure produced standard error estimates and confidence intervals that were similar to those calculated by using standard statistical estimators. In a Monte Carlo simulation exploring the behavior of the inverse regression estimators, bootstrap standard errors were found to be nearly unbiased, even when the basic assumptions of the regression model were violated. On the other hand, the standard asymptotic estimator was found to behave well when the assumptions of the regression model were met, but behaved poorly when the assumptions were violated. In human metabolic studies, which are often restricted to small sample sizes, or when statistical methods are not available or are poorly behaved, bootstrap estimates for calculating standard errors and confidence intervals may be preferred. Investigators in human nutrition may find that the bootstrap procedure is superior to standard statistical procedures in cases similar to the examples presented in this paper.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6376, USA.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Shultz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D011735:Pyridoxic Acid / Q000652:urine; D011736:Pyridoxine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011735:Pyridoxic Acid; D011736:Pyridoxine