title: Size- and surface-dependent uptake of colloid particles into the lymphatic system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effect of particle size and surface characteristics on colloidal particle uptake from subcutaneous tissue into the lymphatic system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Perfluorocarbon emulsion ZY13163 (median particle diameter, 0.08 micron; surfactant, egg yolk phospholipid), ZY13164 (median particle diameter, 0.36 micron; surfactant, egg yolk phospholipid), ZY13199 (0.18 micron, surfactants Tetronic904) and ZY14001 (0.11 micron, surfactant Pluronic L121) were individually injected into the dorsal skin of the hind foot of rabbits. Lymph flow rates and particle concentrations were determined in prenodal lymph fluid after injection, with and without massage of the skin over the injection site.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the first 24 hours after injection, the decreasing order of colloid flux without massage was as follows: ZY13199 > ZY14001 > ZY13163 > ZY13164. Lymph flow rates, lymph leukocyte concentrations and colloid concentrations increased substantially with mechanical skin massage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transport of colloids into lymphatic vessels depends on particle size and surface characteristics. Without massage, colloids with egg yolk phospholipid exhibit size dependent decrease in uptake into lymphatics, while with massage only a weak correlation with particle size is present.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering and Biomedical Engineering, University of California San Diego, USA.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ikomi
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Hanna
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Schmid-Schönbein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003102:Colloids / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004530:Egg Yolk; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008196:Lymph / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000378:metabolism; D008208:Lymphatic System / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D010316:Particle Size; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011817:Rabbits; D013499:Surface Properties; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D003102:Colloids; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D010743:Phospholipids; D013501:Surface-Active Agents