title: Continuous venovenous hemofiltration improves cardiac performance by mechanisms other than tumor necrosis factor-alpha attenuation during endotoxic shock.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effects of continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CWH) on global and regional hemodynamics, plasma lactate, and tumor necrosis factor-oa (TNF-a) levels during endotoxic shock in dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty pentobarbital-anesthetized and mechanically ventilated dogs were divided into six groups of five dogs each. Group 1 served as a control, undergoing CWH at 3 Uhr without endotoxin. Group 2 served as the endotoxin-alone time-matching group. Group 3 received CWH 1 hr after endotoxin at 3 Uhr for 270 mins. Group 4 received CWH 1 hr after endotoxin at 3 Uhr for 150 mins and at 6 Uhr for an additional 120 mins. Group 5 and group 6 received the ultrafiltrate from group 1 and group 3, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three hours after endotoxin challenge, dogs treated with CWH at 3 Uhr had a higher cardiac output (4.9 + 0.6 vs. 2.9 + 0.6 Umin; p < .05) and stroke volume (35 + 7 vs. 20 + 4 mL; p < .05) and a lower pulmonary vascular resistance (116 26 vs. 331 + 126 dyne-sec/cm5; p < .05) than the endotoxin-alone group. Five hours after endotoxin, dogs treated with CWH at 6 Uhr also had higher hepatic (464 + 164 vs. 126 + 75 mUmin; p < .05) and femoral (95 + 46 vs. 30 + 34 mL/min; p < .05) blood flow. Moreover, dogs treated with CWH at 6 Uhr had higher mean arterial blood pressure (84 + 24 vs. 40 + 15 mm Hg; p < .05) and left ventricular stroke work index (1.1 + 0.6 vs. 0.2 + 0.2 g/kg; p < .05) than the endotoxin-alone group. Plasma lactate levels were lower in the CWH group at 6 Uhr (2.7 + 1.1 mmol/L) than in the endotoxin-alone group (4.4 + 0.6 mmol/L; p < .05). Plasma TNF-ao levels were unaffected, and only minor amounts of TNF-o were found in the ultrafiltrate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this acute endotoxic shock model, CWH at 3 Uhr improved cardiac performance and decreased pulmonary vasoconstriction. Moreover, CWH at 6 LUhr also increased arterial blood pressure and left ventricular stroke work, increased hepatic and femoral arterial blood flow, and decreased blood lactate levels. These effects were not attributable to TNF-alpha removal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Intensive Care, Middelheim General Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rogiers
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Smail
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pauwels
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Vincent
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004285:Dogs; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006440:Hemofiltration; D007167:Immunotherapy; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019344:Lactic Acid