title: Analysis of Philadelphia chromosome-negative BCR-ABL-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia by hypermetaphase fluorescence in situ hybridization.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In 5%-10% of patients with of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) is not identified, despite the presence of the associated BCR-ABL molecular abnormality (Ph-negative, BCR-ABL-positive CML) because of sub-microscopic rearrangements.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six patients with Ph-negative, BCR-ABL-positive CML were investigated. The Ph chromosome detection via fluorescence in situ hybridization after 24-hour mitotic arrest of bone marrow cultures resulting in several hundreds of metaphases (hypermetaphase FISH or HMF) was useful in explaining the nature of the six cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four patients had a low frequency of Ph-positive cells by HMF (5.7%, 4.8%, 3.9%, 0.2%), i.e., a typical Ph translocation. However, two cases involved a 9q34 inserted into chromosome 22q11 (74.2% and 92%), without a deletion from chromosome 22 and reciprocal translocation onto 9, i.e., not a typical Ph translocation. The pattern of UBCR gene rearrangement was characterized by the same genomic recombination of 5-BCR and c-ABL, both in the four cases of typical translocation (9;22) and in the two cases of insertion of 9q34 into chromosome 22q11.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The HMF identified two different bases for Ph-negative, BCR-ABL-positive cells in CML-presence of low frequency of cells with typical Ph translocations or presence of cells with ABL insertions into the BCR gene on chromosome 22.
authors.affiliation: Department of Leukemia, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Seong
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kantarjian
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Albitar
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arlinghaus
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Talpaz
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Rios
authors.forename: J Q
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Siciliano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D016044:Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D015464:Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D054438:Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic, Atypical, BCR-ABL Negative / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010677:Philadelphia Chromosome; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D016044:Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl