title: Randomized phase II study of high-dose paclitaxel with or without amifostine in patients with metastatic breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the neurotoxicity of paclitaxel 250 mg/m(2) given over 3 hours every 3 weeks could be reduced by pretreatment with amifostine 910 mg/m(2). Secondary objectives included comparing myelosuppression, myalgias, and response rates of the two groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty women with metastatic breast cancer were randomized to receive either paclitaxel alone (arm 1) or paclitaxel preceded by amifostine (arm 2). All were assessable for toxicity, and 37 were assessable for response. At baseline and after each cycle, all patients completed questionnaires for neurologic symptoms and had standardized neurologic examinations, including objective assessments of power and vibration sense. In addition, standard follow-up assessments for other toxicities and tumor response were undertaken. Changes from baseline after courses 1, 2, and 3 were assessed. The sample size was sufficient to detect a 50% improvement in the expected determination in sensory change.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no differences observed in any of the measures of neurotoxicity. Other toxicity was similar in arms 1 and 2, including hair loss (95% v 90%), neurosensory changes (100% v 100%), fatigue/lethargy (85% v 90%), myalgia (95% v 90%), and grade 4 neutropenia (47% v 60%). Nausea, vomiting, dizziness, hypotension, and sneezing were more common in the amifostine arm. Response rates (22.2% v 36.8%) and paclitaxel pharmacokinetics were not significantly different.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was no protection from paclitaxel-related neurotoxicity or hematologic toxicity in this study. These results suggest that the mechanism of action of paclitaxel-related toxic effects is not amenable to the cytoprotective action of amifostine.
authors.affiliation: British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada. kgelmon@bccancer.bc.ca
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gelmon
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eisenhauer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bryce
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tolcher
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tomlinson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zee
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blackstein
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tomiak
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yau
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Batist
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Iglesias
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000505:Alopecia / Q000139:chemically induced; D004999:Amifostine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005221:Fatigue / Q000139:chemically induced; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents; D004999:Amifostine; D017239:Paclitaxel