title: Validation of the medical outcomes study family and marital functioning measures in SLE patients in Singapore.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To validate the Medical Outcomes Study Family and Marital Functioning Measures (FMM and MFM) in a multi-ethnic, urban Asian population in Singapore.
  
  
  METHODS
  English speaking Chinese, Malay or Indian SLE patients (n=120) completed a self-administered questionnaire containing the FFM and MFM at baseline, after 2 weeks and after 6 months. Lupus activity, disease-related damage and quality of life were assessed using the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG), Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology (SLICC/ACR) Damage Index and SF-36 Health Survey respectively. Scale psychometric properties were assessed through factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, quantifying test-retest differences and known-groups construct validity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Factor analysis of scores obtained at baseline and after 6 months identified 3 factors corresponding to the FFM (1 factor) and the MFM (2 factors). Both scales showed acceptable internal consistency, with Cronbach's alpha of 0.95 for the FFM and 0.70 for the MFM. Mean (s.d.) test-retest differences were -0.31 (3.82) points for the FFM and -0.70 (4.26) points for the MFM. Eleven out of 13 a priori hypotheses relating both the FFM and MFM to demographic, disease and quality of life variables were confirmed, supporting the construct validity of these scales.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The FFM and MFM are valid and reliable measures of family and marital functioning in a multi-ethnic cohort of Asian SLE patients in Singapore.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thumboo
authors.forename: K Y
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Fong
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Leong
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Thio
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Boey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002681:China / Q000208:ethnology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003469:Culture; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000523:psychology; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000208:ethnology; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D008296:Malaysia / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D008393:Marriage; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012846:Singapore; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards; D016896:Treatment Outcome