title: An in vitro biomechanical comparison of an interlocking nail system and dynamic compression plate fixation of ostectomized equine third metacarpal bones.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the mechanical properties of two stabilization methods for ostectomized equine third metacarpi (MC3): (1) an interlocking nail system and (2) two dynamic compression plates. Animal or Sample Population-Ten pairs of adult equine forelimbs intact from the midradius distally.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten pairs of equine MC3 were divided into two test groups (five pairs each): caudocranial four-point bending and torsion. Interlocking nails (6 hole, 13-mm diameter, 230-mm length) were placed in one randomly selected bone from each pair. Two dynamic compression plates one dorsally (12 hole, 4.5-mm broad) and one laterally (10 hole, 4.5-mm broad) were attached to the contralateral bone from each pair. All bones had 1 cm mid-diaphyseal ostectomies. Five construct pairs were tested in caudocranial four-point bending to determine stiffness and failure properties. The remaining five construct pairs were tested in torsion to determine torsional stiffness and yield load. Mean values for each fixation method were compared using a paired t-test within each group. Significance was set at P<.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean (+/-SEM) values for the MC3-interlocking nail composite and the MC3-double plate composite, respectively, in four-point bending were: composite rigidity, 3,454+/-407.6 Nm/rad and 3,831+/-436.5 Nm/rad; yield bending moment, 276.4+/-40.17 Nm and 433.75+/-83.99 Nm; failure bending moment, 526.3+/-105.9 Nm and 636.2+/-27.77 Nm. There was no significant difference in the biomechanical values for bending between the two fixation methods. In torsion, mean (+/-SEM) values for the MC3-interlocking nail composite and the MC3-double plate composite were: composite rigidity, 124.1+/-16.61 Nm/rad and 262.4+/-30.51 Nm/rad; gap stiffness, 222.3+/-47.32 Nm/rad and 1,557+/-320.9 Nm/rad; yield load, 94.77+/-7.822 Nm and 130.66+/-20.27 Nm, respectively. Composite rigidity, gap stiffness, and yield load for double plate fixation were significantly higher compared with interlocking nail fixation in torsion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No significant differences in biomechanical properties were identified between an interlocking nail and double plating techniques for stabilization of ostectomized equine MC3 in caudocranial four-point bending. Double plating fixation was superior to interlocking nail fixation in torsion.
authors.affiliation: Comparative Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706, USA.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vanderby
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Markel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001858:Bone Nails / Q000662:veterinary; D001860:Bone Plates / Q000662:veterinary; D005552:Forelimb / Q000293:injuries; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000662:veterinary*; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D006736:Horses / Q000293:injuries; D016268:Internal Fixators / Q000662:veterinary*; D050279:Metacarpal Bones / Q000293:injuries*