title: Bacteriospermia and male infertility: a method for increasing the sensitivity of semen culture.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test a method for increasing the sensitivity of semen culture. Design-Prospective and transverse. Setting-Andrology clinic at a tertiary care health institution in Mexico City.
  
  
  METHODS
  65 infertile patients with abnormal semen, bacteriospermia detected on Gram stain and at least two previous negative semen cultures (<3 months) were included to test routine semen culture and a method including centrifugation of semen at 10,00 rpm for 20 minutes. Localization cultures were also carried out in all patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bacterial isolation in semen samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Routine semen culture was positive in 22% of patients, while centrifuged aliquots of the same semen sample were positive in 52% of patients (chi2 = 6.60, P < .01). Enterococcus was isolated in 43% of patients, E. coli in 24%, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus in 19%, and U. urealyticum in 14%. Ninety percent of isolates corresponded to specimens from the urethra and the prostato-vesicular region.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sensitivity of semen culture increased with centrifugation of semen samples. Localization pattern and type of isolates suggest that these patients had chronic prostatitis and that episodic elimination of bacteria might also explain false negative semen cultures in patients with chronic asymptomatic infection of the accessory sex glands.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Andrologá, México, D.F., México.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Villanueva-Diaz
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Flores-Reyes
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beltrán-Zúñiga
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Echavarría-Sánchez
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Ortiz-Ibarra
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Arredondo-García
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000382:microbiology*; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012661:Semen / Q000382:microbiology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014556:Urine / Q000382:microbiology*