title: ACE, PAI-1, decorin and Werner helicase genes are not associated with the development of renal disease in European patients with type 1 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Genetic factors are involved in the development of diabetic nephropathy in Type 1 diabetes. We have examined the association of four candidate genes, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE): insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1): 4G/5G polymorphism, decorin: 179/183/185 polymorphism and Werner syndrome helicase: C/R polymorphism, with the presence of diabetic nephropathy in Type 1 diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  175 Type 1 diabetic patients with albuminuria (59 with microalbuminuria and 116 with macroalbuminuria) were compared with 136 Type 1 diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria and duration of disease longer than 15 years (mean+/-SD: 25+/-8 years). 200 non-diabetic subjects were also studied as background population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found no association in the polymorphism of the four genes examined between patients with and without diabetic nephropathy and the control subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The genes studied are unlikely to be involved in the susceptibility to nephropathy in Type 1 diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Division and Research Unit of Endocrinology, Scientific Institute 'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza', San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy. sdecosm@tin.it
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Cosmo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Margaglione
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tassi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garrubba
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Olivetti
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Piras
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Trevisan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vedovato
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cavallo Perin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bacci
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Colaizzo
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cisternino
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zucaro
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Minno
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Trischitta
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Viberti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D004265:DNA Helicases / Q000235:genetics*; D058575:Decorin; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000235:genetics*; D005090:Exodeoxyribonucleases; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000235:genetics*; D053484:RecQ Helicases; D006113:United Kingdom; D014898:Werner Syndrome / Q000201:enzymology; D000071657:Werner Syndrome Helicase
chemical_list: C546878:DCN protein, human; D058575:Decorin; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D011509:Proteoglycans; D005090:Exodeoxyribonucleases; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; D004265:DNA Helicases; D053484:RecQ Helicases; C098785:WRN protein, human; D000071657:Werner Syndrome Helicase