title: Effects of sound-field frequency modulation amplification on reducing teachers' sound pressure level in the classroom.
abstract: Voice problems are a frequent difficulty that teachers experience. Common complaints by teachers include vocal fatigue and hoarseness. One possible explanation for these symptoms is prolonged elevations in vocal loudness within the classroom. This investigation examined the effectiveness of sound-field frequency modulation (FM) amplification on reducing the sound pressure level (SPL) of the teacher's voice during classroom instruction. Specifically, SPL was examined during speech produced in a classroom lecture by 10 teachers with and without the use of sound-field amplification. Results indicated a significant 2.42-dB decrease in SPL with the use of sound-field FM amplification. These data support the use of sound-field amplification in the vocal hygiene regimen recommended to teachers by speech-language pathologists.
authors.affiliation: Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, USA. Sapienza@csd.ufl.edu
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Sapienza
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Crandell
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Curtis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000669:Amplifiers, Electronic; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013016:Sound; D013060:Speech / Q000502:physiology; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D013663:Teaching; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis