title: Low-dose carcinogenicity of a heterocyclic amine, 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline: relevance to risk assessment.
abstract: Male, 21-day-old, F344 rats were administered 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) in the diet at various low doses and a high dose, 100 ppm for 16 weeks. Quantitative values for glutathione-S-transferase placental form (GST-P)-positive foci in their livers were similar among the 0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 ppm MeIQx group while 10 ppm MeIQx administration slightly and 100 ppm MeIQx significantly increased their numbers. These results indicate that MeIQx has a no-observed effect level for induction of preneoplastic lesions in rats. Transplacental and trans-breast milk exposure to low doses of MeIQx also did not exert carcinogenic potential in F344 rats and 20% of calorie restriction clearly inhibited development of GST-P-positive foci. The results are of direct significance to human risk assessment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka, Japan. fukuchan@med.osaka-cu.ac.jp
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukushima
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D004032:Diet; D005506:Food Contamination; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000139:chemically induced*; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D011810:Quinoxalines; C036990:2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoxaline; D005982:Glutathione Transferase