title: A dynamic connection between centromeres and ND10 proteins.
abstract: ND10, otherwise known as nuclear dots, PML nuclear bodies or PODs, are punctate foci in interphase nuclei that contain several cellular proteins. The functions of ND10 have not been well defined, but they are sensitive to external stimuli such as stress and virus infection, and they are disrupted in malignant promyelocytic leukaemia cells. Herpes simplex virus type 1 regulatory protein Vmw110 induces the proteasome-dependent degradation of ND10 component proteins PML and Sp100, particularly the species of these proteins which are covalently conjugated to the ubiquitin-like protein SUMO-1. We have recently reported that Vmw110 also induces the degradation of centromere protein CENP-C with consequent disruption of centromere structure. These observations led us to examine whether there were hitherto undetected connections between ND10 and centromeres. In this paper we report that hDaxx and HP1 (which have been shown to interact with CENP-C and Sp100, respectively) are present in a proportion of both ND10 and interphase centromeres. Furthermore, the proteasome inhibitor MG132 induced an association between centromeres and ND10 proteins PML and Sp100 in a significant number of cells in the G(2) phase of the cell cycle. These results imply that there is a dynamic, cell cycle regulated connection between centromeres and ND10 proteins which can be stabilised by inhibition of proteasome-mediated proteolysis.
authors.affiliation: MRC Virology Unit, Church Street, Glasgow G11 5JR, Scotland UK. r.everett@vir.gla.ac.uk
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Everett
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Earnshaw
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Pluta
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sternsdorf
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ainsztein
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carmena
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ruchaud
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Orr
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D034961:Antigens, Nuclear; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D002503:Centromere / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000090266:Chromobox Protein Homolog 5; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D056970:Co-Repressor Proteins; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007976:Leupeptins / Q000494:pharmacology; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D025842:SUMO-1 Protein; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014452:Ubiquitins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D034961:Antigens, Nuclear; D001324:Autoantigens; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D056970:Co-Repressor Proteins; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; C106985:DAXX protein, human; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007976:Leupeptins; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D025842:SUMO-1 Protein; D014452:Ubiquitins; C060905:centromere protein C; D000090266:Chromobox Protein Homolog 5; C066642:SP100 protein, human; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; C072553:benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde