title: Adipocyte development is dependent upon stem cell recruitment and proliferation of preadipocytes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The ability to acquire fat cells persists over the life spans of animals. It is unknown whether adipocyte acquisition is the result of preadipocyte proliferation or stem cell recruitment to become adipocytes. The purposes of these studies were 1) to characterize early differentiation of stromal vascular (S-V) cells to preadipocytes as it is influenced by insulin, dexamethasone (DEX), and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I); and 2) to determine whether new fat cells arise from stem cell recruitment or preadipocyte proliferation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Freshly isolated S-V cells from rat inguinal adipose tissues were plated for 24 hours then exposed to serum-free medium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Approximately 15% of freshly plated S-V cells were preadipocytes as determined by a preadipocyte specific marker, AD3. Total cell number and proportion of preadipocytes were significantly greater with 100 nM insulin treatment than with 0, 0.1, or 1.0 nM, but IGF-I treatment at 10 nM resulted in preadipocyte development similar to that with 100 nM insulin treatment. The addition of 5 nM DEX to the 100 nM insulin treatment resulted in a 20% increase in preadipocyte number by day 2 when compared to either treatment alone. 5-Bromo-2'-deoxy-uridine treatment suppressed the increased proportion of preadipocytes from days 0-2 in non-insulin treated cells and prevented the increase typically observed with insulin. A mitosis inhibitor also significantly reduced the proportion of preadipocytes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show for the first time that S-V cells are recruited as preadipocytes and that proliferation of these preadipocytes and early differentiation occur simultaneously.
authors.affiliation: Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, USA.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kras
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Hausman
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Hausman
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D000818:Animals; D016590:Aphidicolin / Q000494:pharmacology; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004256:DNA Polymerase I / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D005993:Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007328:Insulin; D016590:Aphidicolin; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D003907:Dexamethasone; D005993:Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase; D004256:DNA Polymerase I; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine