title: Interleukin-1 protects transformed keratinocytes from tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand- and CD95-induced apoptosis but not from ultraviolet radiation-induced apoptosis.
abstract: Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), a new member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family, induces apoptosis primarily of transformed cells. Interleukin-1 was previously found to protect the keratinocyte cell line KB from TRAIL-induced apoptosis, thus we studied whether interleukin-1 also protects from other apoptotic stimuli (ultraviolet radiation (UV), CD95-ligand). Interleukin-1 rescued KB cells from TRAIL- and CD95-induced apoptosis, which was critically dependent on nuclear factor kappaB, because cells transfected with a super-repressor form of the nuclear factor kappaB inhibitor IkappaB were less protected. In contrast, UV-mediated apoptosis was not only not prevented by interleukin-1 but even enhanced. This opposite effect of interleukin-1 was also observed for the expression of the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP). Whereas TRAIL- and CD95-mediated suppression of IAP expression was partially reversed by interleukin-1, UV-mediated down-regulation of IAPs was not reversed but even further enhanced. Increased apoptosis induced by interleukin-1 plus UV was accompanied by excessive TNFalpha release, implying that enhanced cytotoxicity is due to the additive effect of these two apoptotic stimuli. Accordingly, enhanced apoptosis was reduced by blocking the TNF receptor-1. The opposite effects of interleukin-1 indicate that different mechanisms are involved in UV-induced apoptosis compared with CD95- and TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. Furthermore, the data suggest that whether a signal acts in an antiapoptotic way or not does not only depend on the signal itself but also on the stimulus causing apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Von-Esmarchstrasse 56, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kothny-Wilkes
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kulms
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Luger
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kubin
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schwarz
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D006801:Humans; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D007375:Interleukin-1; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; C505653:TNFSF10 protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014764:Viral Proteins; D019014:fas Receptor; C086430:inhibitor of apoptosis, Nucleopolyhedrovirus; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases