title: Spinal and combined spinal epidural techniques for labor analgesia: clinical application in a small hospital.
abstract: Providing safe and effective analgesia to laboring parturients presents a challenge to anesthesia providers in small hospitals. The necessary time commitment and additional staff needed to provide coverage for the obstetrical area can strain resources. Offering the spinal opioid block as the first choice for labor analgesia and the combined spinal epidural block in selected cases permits a labor anesthesia service to address the needs of the community hospital. Sufentanil injected into cerebral spinal fluid provides effective analgesia for 124 minutes. Adding 2.5 mg of bupivacaine further increases effective analgesia time to 170 minutes. The combined spinal epidural block offers the advantages of spinal opioid analgesia but with the flexibility of having an epidural catheter in place. The epidural catheter can be dosed intermittently for parturients in whom labor is prolonged, who require surgical manipulation for vaginal delivery, or who require cesarean section for delivery. By offering both blocks to laboring parturients, the appropriate block can be applied in each situation.
authors.affiliation: Newton Anesthesia Services P.A., Kansas, USA.
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Harris
mesh_terms: D015360:Analgesia, Epidural / Q000379:methods* / Q000451:nursing; D016362:Analgesia, Obstetrical / Q000379:methods* / Q000451:nursing; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000773:Anesthesia, Obstetrical / Q000379:methods* / Q000451:nursing; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000379:methods* / Q000451:nursing; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D002045:Bupivacaine; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009719:Nurse Anesthetists; D007744:Obstetric Labor Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011247:Pregnancy; D017409:Sufentanil
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D017409:Sufentanil; D002045:Bupivacaine