title: Gender differences in drinking restraint.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examines the factor structure and the predictive power of drinking restraint for men and women as measured by the Temptation and Restraint Inventory (TRI). The TRI assesses two factors: Cognitive-Emotional Preoccupation (CEP) and Cognitive-Behavioral Control (CBC).
  
  
  METHODS
  A group of 418 drinkers was drawn from a university sample and divided by gender into two groups. Men (n = 122) were of a mean age (+/-SD) of 23 +/- 7 years; women (n = 296) were of a mean age of 22.5 +/- 8 years. Subjects completed the TRI and the Alcohol Dependence Scale (ADS) and validated quantity and frequency of drinking indices.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Drinking restraint for the men was found to better predict alcohol dependence, quantity of drinking and frequency of drinking. Moreover, two factors confirming the TRI's CEP and CBC model were extracted for the men, but only one factor was extracted for the women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was proposed that, as men tend to drink greater amounts of alcohol more often, they have learned to distinguish more clearly the conflicts in their personal control over drinking. If the TRI is to be used as a diagnostic and treatment tool, it is recommended that clinicians be cognizant of possible gender differences in restrained drinking behavior.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Mental Health Centre, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, Australia.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Connor
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Ricciardelli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires