title: Phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides can selectively alter neuronal activity in the cochlea.
abstract: A growing body of evidence indicates that extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) may have a major role in cochlear function. Antagonists of ionotropic ATP receptors (P2X2) have significant effects on cochlear potentials and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs). We tested whether antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) would mimic the functional deficiencies induced by the ATP antagonists through binding to P2X2 ATP receptor mRNA and thereby reduce the number of ATP receptors expressed in the membrane of the cells. Both a phosphorothioate ODN (S-ODN) antisense and a phosphodiester ODN (P-ODN) antisense to the P2X2 sequence and random sense ODNs containing 21 nucleotides were administered chronically (7 days) to the guinea pig cochlea via the perilymph compartment. Sound evoked cochlear potentials (cochlear microphonic; summating potential; compound action potential of the auditory nerve, CAP; latency of the first negative peak in the CAP, N1 latency) and DPOAEs were monitored to assess the effects of the ODNs. Results indicate that the phosphorothioate derivatives of both the antisense and random sense ODNs suppressed the CAP and prolonged the N1 latency with no significant effect on the other parameters. The P-ODNs had no effect. Since both the antisense and random sense S-ODNs had the same effect, we conclude that the S-ODNs affected neuronal function in a manner that did not involve binding to the ATP receptor mRNA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Biocommunication, Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans 70112-2234, USA.
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: LeBlanc
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fallon
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Skellett
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Bobbin
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D003051:Cochlea / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000294:innervation* / Q000502:physiology; D003055:Cochlear Microphonic Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D020319:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017084:Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2 / Q000235:genetics; D058476:Receptors, Purinergic P2X2; D013873:Thionucleotides / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D020319:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2; D058476:Receptors, Purinergic P2X2; D013873:Thionucleotides; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate