title: Efficient human sperm pronucleus formation and replication in Xenopus egg extracts.
abstract: We have achieved efficient in vitro reactivation and replication of human sperm nuclei in frog egg extracts by constructing a 4-step protocol that mimics the events of fertilization and pronucleus formation in mammalian eggs. With use of this protocol, 78-97% of human sperm nuclei from fertile donors synchronously swelled and completed full genome replication in about 2 h. We document the changes in nuclear structure that accompany efficient DNA synthesis and discuss future research and potential clinical implications of this new system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Neuber
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Havari
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aquiles Sanchez
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Powers
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Wangh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000502:physiology*; D004261:DNA Replication; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009865:Oocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D013084:Sperm-Ovum Interactions / Q000502:physiology*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D014981:Xenopus