title: Prescribing and dispensing for drug misusers in primary care: current practice in Scotland.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Substitute prescribing has increased in Scotland, as in the rest of the UK. Both GPs and pharmacists are becoming increasingly involved in service provision for drug misusers, but anecdotal evidence has suggested considerable variation in prescribing and dispensing practice.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to gain baseline data on (i) current prescribing practice by medical practitioners and drug agencies, (ii) dispensing practice by community pharmacists across Scotland for the management of drug misuse and (iii) variations in practice between health boards.
  
  
  METHODS
  A structured questionnaire was posted to all community pharmacies in Scotland (n = 1142), in order to gather information on prescribing from prescriptions held at the time of the survey and information on current dispensing practice in managing drug misusers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The response rate was 79%. Sixty-one per cent of pharmacists were currently dispensing drugs for the management of drug misuse. The most frequently prescribed drug was methadone, dispensed by 46% of pharmacists, followed by diazepam (37%), dihydrocodeine (26%) and temazepam (25%). Sixty-five per cent of methadone prescriptions were dispensed daily on request from the prescriber. Of the 3387 people receiving a methadone prescription, 32.9% had to consume their daily dose on the pharmacy premises under a pharmacist's supervision. Nineteen per cent of pharmacies currently provided a service to supervise the consumption of methadone by clients and a further 14% were prepared to but had no current demand. The proportion of prescriptions requiring supervision of methadone consumption varied considerably between health board areas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Methadone is the most widely prescribed drug for drug misuse across Scotland, but there is considerable variation between health board areas in how prescribing is managed. Prescribing practice should be revised locally, in a process involving GPs and pharmacists. Pharmacists have an important role in preventing drug misuse in primary care, but need further support to optimize good practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice and Primary Care, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill Health Centre, UK.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Matheson
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bond
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hickey
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003061:Codeine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003157:Community Pharmacy Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003975:Diazepam / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004363:Drug Utilization; D006801:Humans; D008691:Methadone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009294:Narcotics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012606:Scotland; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013693:Temazepam / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D009294:Narcotics; D013693:Temazepam; C014481:dihydrocodeine; D003975:Diazepam; D008691:Methadone; D003061:Codeine