title: Cognitive consequences of coexisting temporal lobe developmental malformations and hippocampal sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize patterns of cognitive functioning in a well-defined group of patients with MRI-identified coexisting left temporal lobe developmental malformations (TLDM) and mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS), and to examine neuropsychological outcome in this dual-pathology group following epilepsy surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cognitive functioning in patients with left TLDM and MTS (n = 15) was compared with patients with isolated left MTS (n = 40). TLDM and MTS were identified by high-quality MRI protocol. Patients were administered a battery of neuropsychology tests as part of their presurgical workup for possible epilepsy surgery. Unilateral temporal lobe resection was performed on 10 of the dual-pathology patients and 34 of the isolated MTS patients. Postoperative cognitive performance was also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both groups displayed impairments in verbal and visual memory, language, and academic achievement. Performance on measures of psychometric intelligence, executive function, and attention were not impaired and were similar between groups. Presence of dual pathology was associated with a significantly less efficient verbal encoding strategy on the word list learning task. Postoperatively, declines were noted for both groups across tasks of verbal memory and language. Groups were not different significantly in terms of neuropsychological outcome after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with coexisting TLDM and MTS have impaired cognitive functioning similar to MTS patients-in particular, with regard to episodic memory and language deficits. Temporal lobe resection produces similar cognitive changes in both groups.
authors.affiliation: UAB Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, 35294-7216, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dowler
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gilliam
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Faught
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Morawetz
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kuzniecky
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012598:Sclerosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology*