title: Differential galactose alpha(1,3) galactose expression by porcine cardiac vascular endothelium.
abstract: Galactose alpha(1,3) galactose (Gal) is the terminal carbohydrate moiety recognized by xenoreactive natural antibodies during hyperacute rejection (HAR). Binding of these antibodies in HAR triggers rapid microvascular thrombosis. We examined the distribution of Gal on the endothelium of porcine hearts before and after heterotopic xenotransplantation into baboons. We found that Gal is strongly expressed on the endothelium of porcine capillaries with less expression on the endothelium of larger vessels. The distribution of Gal staining remains unchanged after xenotransplantation and correlates with the intensity of IgM and membrane attack complex (MAC) deposition. Thus, the Gal epitope is differentially expressed in the pig vasculature, which affects the pattern of xenoreactive antibody and MAC deposition and directs the distribution of vascular thrombosis.
authors.affiliation: Primate Xenotransplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kadner
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Adams
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000276:immunology; D004187:Disaccharides / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000276:immunology*; D000939:Epitopes / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology*; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology; D016027:Heart Transplantation; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D009206:Myocardium / Q000276:immunology; D013552:Swine; D014181:Transplantation Immunology; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D004187:Disaccharides; D000939:Epitopes; C055075:galactosyl-(1-3)galactose