Anger in chronic pain: investigations of anger targets and intensity.
The study was designed to assess the frequency and intensity of patients' anger directed toward various potential targets and how intensity of anger toward different targets was related to the chronic pain experience. Ninety-six chronic pain patients who were referred for a comprehensive evaluation completed questionnaires to assess their levels of anger, pain, distress, and disability. Approximately 70% of the participants reported to have angry feelings. Most commonly, patients reported to be angry with themselves (74%) and health care professionals (62%). The relevance of anger to chronic pain experience seemed to vary across targets. Anger toward oneself was significantly associated with pain and depression, whereas only overall anger was significantly related to perceived disability. The results suggest that anger should be conceptualized as a multifactorial construct. In addition to presence, intensity, and expression of anger, targets of anger may be important to better understand psychological adaptation to chronic pain.
Okifuji
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Department of Anesthesiology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA. okifujia@u.washington.edu
Turk
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Curran
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D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000786:Anger; D001294:Attitude to Health; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012649:Self Concept