title: Intubation via LMA in pediatric patients with difficult airways.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report two cases of successful tracheal intubation in difficult pediatric airways using a conventional laryngeal mask airway (LMA) with an extended polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tube after laryngeal assessment with a fibreoptic device.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two cases, Dandy-Walker and Pierre Robin syndromes, were scheduled for surgery. They were premedicated with 0.5 mg x kg(-1) promethazine p.o. 90 min before surgery. Both patients arrived in the operating room sedated, with dry mouth, and without evidence of increased intracranial tension or airway obstruction. Inhalational induction with isoflurane 0.5-3% was commenced. Conventional tracheal intubation was impossible in both cases. In each an LMA was inserted to maintain ventilation, anesthesia, and to facilitate intubation. Fibreoptic bronchoscopy was used to assess the larynx, followed by blind intubation via the LMA using extended PVC tracheal tube (TT). Anesthesia was maintained during intubation using Mapleson F anesthesia circuit attached to a connector with fibreoptic bronchoscope adapter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This report describes the assessment of the airway with fibreoptic bronchoscopy after LMA insertion facilitated blind tracheal intubation in two children with difficult airways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, King Fahd Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Selim
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mowafi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Ghamdi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Adu-Gyamfi
mesh_terms: D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D003616:Dandy-Walker Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D017214:Laryngeal Masks; D008297:Male; D010855:Pierre Robin Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery