title: Endometrial response to raloxifene compared with placebo, cyclical hormone replacement therapy, and unopposed estrogen in postmenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the endometrial effects of raloxifene 60 mg/day in postmenopausal women as assessed by vaginal bleeding and endometrial thickness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 1157 postmenopausal women were analyzed from a database consisting of four independent, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials (range = 6-30 months duration), a 24-month open-label randomized, cyclical hormone replacement therapy (HRT)-controlled trial, and a 6-month double-blind, randomized, unopposed estrogen-controlled trial. Vaginal bleeding rate was derived from self-reported adverse events collected at least every 6 months. Endometrial thickness was measured by ultrasonography at regular intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Raloxifene 60 mg/day was not significantly different from placebo with regard to the incidence of vaginal bleeding, the baseline-to-endpoint change in endometrial thickness, or the proportion of women experiencing an increase in endometrial thickness above baseline after either 12 or 24 months of therapy. Unexpected bleeding was reported significantly more frequently in the unopposed estrogen groups compared with the raloxifene group (raloxifene 60 mg/day, 0% versus estrogen, 50%; p = 0.002). A significantly greater baseline-to-endpoint increase in endometrial thickness was observed in both the HRT and estrogen groups compared with their respective raloxifene comparison group (raloxifene 60 mg/day, 0.01 +/- 2.0 mm versus HRT, 1.8 +/- 3.2; p < 0.001; raloxifene 60 mg/day, 1.1 +/- 1.7 mm versus estrogen, 7.8 +/- 3.8; p < 0.001). No cases of endometrial hyperplasia or cancer were diagnosed in the placebo or raloxifene 60 mg/day groups. Endometrial hyperplasia was diagnosed in one case in the HRT group and in two cases in the estrogen group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Raloxifene 60 mg/day for up to 30 months is not associated with vaginal bleeding or increased endometrial thickness in postmenopausal women.
authors.affiliation: Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Huster
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mitlak
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Plouffe
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004717:Endometrium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010880:Piperidines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000187:drug effects; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D004967:Estrogens; D010880:Piperidines; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride