title: Detection of staphylococcal superantigens from contact-lens-induced inflammatory diseases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the correlation between the production of superantigens in Staphylococcus-aureus-induced ulcer and contact-lens-induced peripheral ulcer (CLPU) and infiltrative keratitis (IK).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five S. aureus strains used in the study were isolated either from CLPU cases (six), or IK events (13) or asymptomatic eyes (six). A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to detect genes for superantigenic staphylococcal enterotoxins A-D, toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 and exfoliative toxins A and B. Reversed passive latex aggregation, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblot were used to examine the production of staphylococcal enterotoxins A-D and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of the superantigenic genes was not significantly different among the clinical isolates when asymptomatic isolates were compared with the strains isolated from CLPU and IK events. ELISA and immunoblot showed non-specific protein cross-reactions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that detection of superantigenic toxin genes in ocular strains of S. aureus by PCR is a specific, sensitive, rapid and inexpensive alternative to traditional immunological assays. The role, if any, of the S. aureus superantigens in the production of CLPU/IK remains uncertain.
authors.affiliation: Cooperative Research Centre for Eye Research and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. hzhu@cclru.randwick.unsw.edu.au
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Willcox
mesh_terms: D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000032:analysis; D003261:Contact Lenses / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003320:Corneal Ulcer / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007634:Keratitis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000276:immunology*; D018089:Superantigens / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D018089:Superantigens