title: Diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation in dogs admitted to an intensive care unit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe and evaluate hemostatic function in critically ill dogs with clinical signs of diseases that predispose to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  59 critically ill dogs (affected dogs) with clinical signs of diseases known to predispose to DIC and 52 clinically normal dogs (control dogs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin clotting time (TCT), plasma fibrinogen concentration, serum concentration of fibrin and fibrinogen-related antigens (FRA), and plasma antithrombin III (AT III) activity were determined for all dogs. Results from affected dogs were compared with those of control dogs. In some affected dogs, postmortem tissue specimens were examined for evidence of microvascular thrombosis. A diagnosis of DIC was made by fulfilling at least 3 of the following criteria: 1) abnormal aPTT, PT, or TCT value, 2) low plasma fibrinogen concentration, 3) low plasma AT III activity, 4) high serum FRA concentration, or 5) low platelet count. To evaluate the severity of hemostatic dysfunction, 3 arbitrary categories (mild, moderate, and severe) were proposed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A diagnostic strategy based on moderate hemostatic dysfunction identified DIC in 16 of 59 (27.1%) affected dogs. The AT III activity was < 70% in 15 of 16 dogs with DIC. Microvascular thrombosis was observed in tissue specimens from 7 of 8 affected dogs. Serum FRA and plasma fibrinogen concentrations did not contribute in establishing a diagnosis of DIC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A diagnosis of DIC can be made when hemostatic dysfunction is moderate in dogs with clinical signs of diseases associated with DIC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Canada.
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Bateman
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Mathews
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Abrams-Ogg
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lumsden
authors.forename: I B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Johnstone
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Hillers
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Foster
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000990:Antithrombin III / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004211:Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000032:analysis; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D010314:Partial Thromboplastin Time / Q000662:veterinary; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011517:Prothrombin Time / Q000662:veterinary; D012016:Reference Values; D013918:Thrombin Time / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; D000990:Antithrombin III; D005340:Fibrinogen