title: Blood flow in the internal carotid and middle cerebral arteries: effects of continuous oral conjugated equine estrogens administration with monthly progestogen supplementation on postmenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed in order to evaluate the effect of conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) on internal carotid and middle cerebral artery blood flow in postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-four healthy postmenopausal women with intact uteri were randomly divided into two groups of 17 subjects each. The first group was treated for 24 weeks with continuous CEE medication (0.625 mg daily) and cyclical supplementations of 5 mg/day of medrogestone acetate, given on the last 12 days of every 4-week period (Prempak, Wyeth, Italy). The second group received no treatment. The pulsatility indices (PI) of both the internal carotid artery and middle cerebral artery were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the treated group, the PI of the interior carotid artery and MCA was reduced from respectively 0.736 (0.016) and 0.745 (0.009) at baseline, to 0.669 (0.021) and 0.670 (0.011) after 24 weeks (p = 0.01); in the control group, the PI values remained unchanged. The between-group difference for both arteries was significant (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The administration of CEE with cyclical medrogestone supplementation to postmenopausal women induces a statistically significant reduction in the PI of cerebral arteries.
authors.affiliation: Second Obstetrical and Gynecological Department, University of Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Penotti
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sironi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Castiglioni
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Miglierina
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barletta
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gabrielli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vignali
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006736:Horses; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008524:Medrogestone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000187:drug effects; D045167:Progesterone Congeners / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP); D045167:Progesterone Congeners; D008524:Medrogestone