title: Pretreatment with verapamil in patients with persistent or chronic atrial fibrillation who underwent electrical cardioversion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate, in a prospective and randomized fashion, the efficacy of a pretreatment with verapamil (V) in reducing recurrences of atrial fibrillation (AF) after electrical cardioversion (C).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The increased vulnerability for AF recurrence is probably due to AF-induced changes in the electrophysiologic properties of the atria. This electrical remodeling seems to be due to intracellular calcium overload.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred seven patients with persistent or chronic AF underwent external and/or internal C. All patients received oral propafenone (P) (900 mg/day) three days before and during the entire period of follow-up (three months). In the first group, patients received only the P. In the second group, in adjunct to P, oral V (240 mg/day) was initiated three days before C and continued during the follow-up. Finally, in the third group, oral V was administered three days before and continued only for three days after electrical C.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the three months of follow-up, 23 patients (23.7%) had AF recurrence. Mantel-Haenszel cumulative chi-square reached a significant level only when comparing AF free survival curves of group I versus group II and group III (chi-square = 5.2 and 4, respectively; p < 0.05). Significantly, 15 (65.2%) AF relapses occurred during the first week after cardioversion with a higher incidence in group I (10/33 patients, 30.3%) than group II (2/34 patients, 5.9%; p = 0.01) and group III (3/30 patients, 10%; p = 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Six days of oral V administration centered on the C day, combined with P, significantly reduce the incidence of early recurrences of AF compared with P alone.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio di Elettrofisiologia, Casa di Cura San Michele, Maddaloni, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Simone
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stabile
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Vitale
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Turco
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Stasio
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Petrazzuoli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gasparini
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Matteis
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rotunno
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Di Napoli
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004554:Electric Countershock / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011292:Premedication / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011405:Propafenone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014700:Verapamil / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D011405:Propafenone; D014700:Verapamil