title: Transventricular non-transmural laser treatment of hypoperfused porcine myocardium acutely reduces left ventricular contractile function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Creation of non-transmural myocardial channels by lasers transmitted through endovascular fiberoptics is a novel therapeutic option in the management of patients with coronary artery disease. The acute effect of transventricular laser treatment (TvL) on coronary blood flow, myocardial metabolism and left ventricular function are not well established.
  
  
  METHODS
  In five anesthetized pigs, flow in the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was reduced and maintained at 70% of baseline. A venous shunt had previously been established draining the hypoperfused region. At 30 min of ischemia, non-transmural myocardial channels were created through the endocardium using a Ho:YAG laser. We measured (a) left ventricular, central venous and arterial pressures, (b) ascending aortic, LAD and coronary venous blood flows, as well as (c) lactate concentration and blood gases in arterial and coronary venous blood, prior to ischemia (baseline), before and 30 min after TvL. Data (given as mean +/- SD) were analyzed with repeated measures ANOVA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reduction of LAD blood flow resulted in reduced regional coronary venous blood flow and myocardial oxygen consumption, conversion of regional myocardial lactate uptake to release and adaptation of left ventricular contractility to a lower level. Following transventricular laser, the peak left ventricular systolic pressure declined from 86 +/- 12 to 77 +/- 11 mmHg (P < 0.05), its maximal first positive derivative (LV dP/dt) declined from 900 +/- 221 to 763 +/- 127 mmHg/s (P < 0.05) and the stroke volume decreased from 19.2 +/- 4.1 to 16.4 +/- 5.4 ml (P < 0.05). The changes in regional coronary venous flow, myocardial oxygen consumption and myocardial lactate release after TvL were not significant compared to before TvL. Significant intramural hematomas and tissue destruction were found around the channels at autopsy and by histologic examination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transventricular laser treatment of hypoperfused myocardium decreased left ventricular contractility in the acute phase, possibly due to development of perichannel hematomas and disruption of the wall architecture. In addition, TvL did not alter the regional myocardial oxygen supply/demand balance. These results call for caution in the treatment of patients with coronary artery disease by transventricular Ho-YAG laser when there is significant impairment of the left ventricular contractile function.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Ullevaal University Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Kanellopoulos
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Svindland
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ilebekk
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Goverud
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kvernebo
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008297:Male; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization / Q000379:methods*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D013552:Swine; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D019344:Lactic Acid