title: Early amniotomy -- high risk factor for cesarean section.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of early amniotomy on mode of delivery and pregnancy outcome in comparison to a group of patients admitted with premature rupture of membranes at term.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population consists of all women (n=338) whose labor was induced by amniotomy, between the years 1988 to 1995. The comparison group were all women (n=1865) who were admitted with premature rupture of membranes during the same period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cesarean section was significantly higher in the amniotomy group than in the comparison group (162 (47.9%) vs. 348 (18.7%), P<0.001). This significant difference was noted only for those who did not had a previous cesarean section (106 (42.4%) vs. 224 (13.8%), P<0.001). Non progressive labor during the first stage was threefold higher in the amniotomy group than in the control group (30.8% vs. 10.9%, P<0.001). Abnormal fetal heart rate patterns were detected during labor in 52 patients (15.4%) of amniotomy group, as compared to 141 cases (7.6%) in the control group (P<0.001). To assess the independent contribution of early amniotomy to having cesarean section in the present delivery, a multiple logistic model was used. Early amniotomy (odds ratio [OR] 3.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.36-4.01), as well as a previous cesarean section (OR 5.04, 95% CI 3.90-6.52) and high parity (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.03-1.26) were all found as independent risk factors for cesarean section.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early amniotomy appears to be associated with an increased risk for cesarean section.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Segal
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sheiner
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yohai
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shoham-Vardi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Katz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000650:Amnion / Q000601:surgery*; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007751:Labor, Induced / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016015:Logistic Models; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012307:Risk Factors