title: Usefulness of tissue marker clips in patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of a tissue marker clip in patients undergoing preoperative chemotherapy for breast carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between June 1996 and July 1998 (26 months), a tissue marker clip was placed in 29 patients with breast carcinoma who showed significant clinical response to preoperative chemotherapy. In these patients, 13 clips were placed stereotactically and 16 clips were placed using sonographic guidance. A retrospective review of these cases was made to evaluate helpfulness of the clip during preoperative needle localization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One patient relocated to another city, so surgical follow-up was available in 28 patients. Twenty-four of these 28 patients required preoperative wire localization and four still had a palpable tumor at the time of surgery. Preoperative wire localization would have been possible without any difficulty in eight patients (28.6%), possible but with some difficulty in six patients (21.4%), and impossible in 10 patients (35.7%) without the clip. Thus, clip placement was valuable in 16 (57.1%) of 28 patients at the time of preoperative needle localization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With the newer chemotherapeutic agents, the response of breast carcinoma to preoperative chemotherapy may be dramatic. In some patients, the tumor is no longer visible either on mammography or sonography, thus making the preoperative needle localization difficult or even impossible. By placing a radiopaque marker before the lesion becomes unidentifiable, one can confidently localize the tumor bed at surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Allegheny General Hospital Breast Center, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA 15212-4772, USA.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dash
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chafin
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Contractor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography; D015412:Mastectomy, Segmental; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques; D013525:Surgical Instruments; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional; D016217:Ultrasonography, Mammary