Examining American family medicine in the new world order: a study of 5 practices.
BACKGROUND
In the last decade managed care has become the major form of health care delivery in the United States. Though some persons believe that managed care is the salvation of family practice, critics claim that it threatens many of the core concepts of primary care. We systematically examined 5 US family practices, to provide a microanalysis of the current situation, particularly from the viewpoint of the care providers.


METHODS
During 1997 and 1998, case studies were conducted at 5 sites using long interviews, focus groups, and extensive participant-observation of provider-patient and provider-staff interactions. Participants included 54 health care providers, 18 administrators, 45 nurses or nursing assistants, and 30 ancillary staff at the sites.


RESULTS
We found dominant themes of rapid change, disruption, increased demands, interference in clinical decision making, and adaptation. Health care providers have the perception of being in the midst of a revolution with disruptions of key relationships and local knowledge. The clinicians in the study feel a loss of certainty, control, and autonomy.


CONCLUSIONS
There appears to be a rampant ideologic competition occurring between business and beneficence for the moral sensibilities of family medicine providers. This is potentially hazardous to feelings of trust in the provider-patient relationship. The focus of much of the warring has been on managed care, though many of today's problems either predated its development or were peripheral to it. More empirical and observational studies are needed to document the fundamental changes taking place in today's health care environment.
Borkan
J M
JM
Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel. borkan@shani.net
D003220:Conflict, Psychological; D005194:Family Practice / Q000458:organization & administration*; D018166:Health Care Reform; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008329:Managed Care Programs / Q000458:organization & administration*; D008404:Massachusetts; D009014:Morals; D019982:Organizational Case Studies; D010414:Pennsylvania; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D010821:Physicians, Family / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000523:psychology