title: Gastrointestinal motor and myoelectric correlates of motion sickness.
abstract: The objectives of this study were to characterize the digestive tract motor and myoelectric responses associated with motion sickness. Twenty-two cats (1.5-3.0 kg) were chronically implanted with force transducers and electrodes on the stomach and small intestine. Motion sickness was activated by vertical oscillation (VO) at +/-0.5 g and identified as salivation, licking, or vomiting. Vomiting was initiated chemically by UK-14304 (2.5-15 microg/kg iv) or CuSO4 (10-50 mg ig). We found that VO caused vomiting (45% of trials), a decrease in gastrointestinal (GI) motility (69% of trials), salivation or licking (59% of trials), bradygastria (39% of trials), retrograde giant contraction (RGC, 43% of trials), giant migrating contraction (GMC, 5% of trials), and defecation (18% of trials). The decrease in GI motility occurred with (62% of trials) or without (69% of trials) vomiting. Motion sickness was accompanied by bradygastria (52% of trials) and decreased GI motility (70% of trials). Similar events occurred after CuSO4 and UK-14304, but the incidences of responses after CuSO4 were less frequent, except for vomiting, RGC, and GMC. UK-14304 never caused GMCs or defecation. The magnitude and velocity of the RGC were the same during all emetic stimuli, and RGCs never occurred without subsequent vomiting. Supradiaphragmatic vagotomy (n = 1) or atropine (n = 2, 10 or 50 microg/kg iv) blocked the RGC, but not vomiting, due to VO. We concluded that 1) oculovestibular stimulation causes digestive tract responses similar to other types of emetic stimuli, 2) decreased GI motility and bradygastria may be physiological correlates of the motion sickness, and 3) motion sickness may not be dependent on any specific GI motor or myoelectric response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Dysphagia Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, and Surgical Research Service, Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA. imlang@mcw.edu
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sarna
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shaker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001286:Atropine Derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000068438:Brimonidine Tartrate; D002415:Cats; D019327:Copper Sulfate; D004064:Digestive System / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility; D008297:Male; D009041:Motion Sickness / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016065:Myoelectric Complex, Migrating; D011810:Quinoxalines; D012472:Salivation / Q000187:drug effects; D014628:Vagotomy; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D001286:Atropine Derivatives; D011810:Quinoxalines; D000068438:Brimonidine Tartrate; C006649:methylatropine; D019327:Copper Sulfate