title: Anxiety and depression in patients with an intracranial neoplasm before and after tumour surgery.
abstract: The aims of this prospective study were to investigate levels of anxiety and depression in patients with a solitary intracranial neoplasm before and after surgery, and to determine if relationships exist between high levels of anxiety or depression and the hemispheric location of the tumour, the tumour type or patient gender. Patients aged between 17 and 79 years with a solitary intracranial neoplasm completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) before and after biopsy or resective tumour surgery. A control group of non-brain-damaged subjects also completed the HAD before and after lumbar spinal surgery. Of the 109 patients with a brain tumour 30 and 16% demonstrated the likely presence of anxiety and depression, respectively, according to HAD scoring criteria. A greater proportion of females with a left hemisphere tumour reported higher levels of emotional disturbance than any other group of patients; relationships between dysphasia and levels of anxiety or depression were not significant. Patients with a meningioma had higher levels of anxiety and depression as measured by the HAD than those with any other tumour types. Levels of both anxiety and depression were significantly lower after tumour surgery according to the HAD. There were no significant differences in HAD scores between (a) left and right hemispheric tumour groups, and (b) the tumour and control (n = 20) groups. This study has found that anxiety and depression as measured by the HAD are relatively uncommon in patients with an intracranial neoplasm, and that levels of mood disturbance do not differ significantly from those in patients undergoing lumbar spinal surgery. Levels of anxiety and depression become lower after surgery in patients with a brain tumour. Patterns of anxiety and depression in patients with a brain tumour appear to differ from those reported in stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Pringle
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: I R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Whittle
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology*; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017678:Sex Distribution