title: 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 enhances milk antibody titers to Escherichia coli J5 vaccine.
abstract: Recent evidence in cattle and mice has suggested that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 may stimulate T-lymphocyte differentiation pathways responsible for humoral immunity. The use of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 as an adjuvant for an Escherichia coli J5 vaccine was tested. Ten midlactation cows received J5 vaccine and were revaccinated 6 wk after the first vaccine administration. Five of these cows were given 200 micrograms of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, in addition to the primary vaccination, and they received an additional 200 micrograms of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 1 wk after the primary vaccination. No 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 was administered with the wk 6 J5 vaccine booster. Milk immunoglobin (Ig)M, IgG, and IgA antibodies to E. coli J5 were significantly increased in cows receiving 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 + E. coli J5 vaccine compared with cows that received only E. coli J5 vaccine. Serum IgG and IgG1 antibodies to E. coli J5 were also significantly enhanced by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 treatment compared with cows receiving vaccine alone. In contrast, serum IgG2 titers tended to decline in cows receiving 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Taken together, these data suggest that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 has potential usefulness in boosting humoral responses to vaccines such as J5 and may further enhance the protective qualities of vaccines.
authors.affiliation: USDA-Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Metabolic Diseases and Immunology, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Reinhardt
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Stabel
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Goff
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis*; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002417:Cattle / Q000276:immunology*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D008892:Milk / Q000276:immunology*; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000032:analysis; D000067816:Whey Proteins
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D008894:Milk Proteins; D000067816:Whey Proteins; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D002117:Calcitriol