title: A comparison of the residual effects of zaleplon and zolpidem following administration 5 to 2 h before awakening.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the duration of the residual hypnotic and sedative effects of zaleplon with those of zolpidem and placebo following nocturnal administration at various times before morning awakening.
  
  
  METHODS
  Zaleplon 10 mg, zolpidem 10 mg, or placebo was administered double-blind to 36 healthy subjects under standardized conditions in a six-period, incomplete-block, crossover study. Subjects were gently awakened and given medication at predetermined times 5, 4, 3, or 2 h before morning awakening, which occurred 8 h after bedtime. When the subjects awoke in the morning, a battery of subjective and objective assessments of residual effects of hypnotics was administered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No residual effects were demonstrated after zaleplon 10 mg, when administered as little as 2 h before waking, on either subjective or objective assessments, whereas zolpidem 10 mg showed significant residual effects on DSST and memory (immediate and delayed free recall) after administration up to 5 h before waking and choice reaction time, critical flicker fusion threshold and Sternberg memory scanning after administration up to 4 h before waking. Residual effects of zolpidem were apparent in all objective and subjective measurements when the drug was administered later in the night.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results demonstrate that zaleplon at the dose of 10 mg is free of residual hypnotic or sedative effects when administered nocturnally as little as 2 h before waking in normal subjects. In contrast, residual effects of zolpidem are still apparent on objective assessments up to 5 h after nocturnal administration, longer than has been reported from studies involving daytime administration.
authors.affiliation: Wyeth-Ayerst Research, Clinical Pharmacology, Paris, La Defense, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Danjou
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Paty
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fruncillo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Worthington
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Unruh
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cevallos
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000328:Adult; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects; D011725:Pyridines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000077334:Zolpidem
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D011725:Pyridines; D011743:Pyrimidines; D000077334:Zolpidem; C085665:zaleplon