title: Modelling of the ischemic penumbra.
abstract: What happens to the ischemic penumbra--defined as a territory of critically reduced blood flow in the close neighborhood of an ischemic core--determines outcome after stroke. Currently the pathophysiology of the penumbra is studied predominantly in rat models with occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Here we propose two other rat models with distinct advantages. One produces a large territory of critical flow reduction in the cortex of one hemisphere without presence of an infarct core: this model is suited to study mediator mechanisms that may transform the penumbra into necrotic tissue. It is produced by occluding one carotid artery and in addition reducing arterial pressure to 50 mm Hg using the hypobaric hypotension technique. Cortical flow is assessed by laser Doppler scanning. The second mode involves the photochemical occlusion of two adjacent cortical veins and goes along with a rather widespread reduction of cortical flow and the development of small infarcts of 2-5 mm3 infarct volume. Like the first model it is suited to administer mediators causing the infarct to grow in size, and thereby to evaluate the pathophysiologic significance of individual mediator mechanisms. In addition the model can be used to study specific therapeutic approaches.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Neurosurgical Pathophysiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kempski
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Seiwert
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Otsuka
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heimann
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakase
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000098:blood supply*; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000139:chemically induced; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008027:Light; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012395:Rose Bengal / Q000494:pharmacology; D014680:Veins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D012395:Rose Bengal