title: Persistent increased DNA-binding and expression of serum response factor occur with epilepsy-associated long-term plasticity changes.
abstract: We have previously shown that NMDA receptor activation during status epilepticus (SE) is required to produce epilepsy in in vitro and in vivo models. As in human symptomatic epilepsy, the epilepsy in these models is permanent, suggesting that the pathological activation of NMDA receptors causes permanent plasticity changes in the brain. Ca(2+) influx through NMDA receptors is known to transiently activate a key transcription factor, serum response factor (SRF). Thus, we investigated whether this factor, in terms of its expression and ability to bind to the consensus serum response element, was altered long term in the pilocarpine model of epilepsy. In hippocampal nuclear extracts, SRF binding to DNA was significantly increased over saline-injected control rats at 24 hr and at 8 weeks after the onset of SE. This increase was shown to be the result of significantly elevated levels of SRF. DNA binding was also persistently increased in the cortical, but not in the cerebellar, extracts. Hippocampal expression of SRF was localized to neurons using immunohistochemistry. NMDA receptor activation during SE was required for these changes to take place, and the spontaneous seizures seen in epileptic rats did not appear to be responsible for the increase in SRF. The results demonstrate that SRF is persistently elevated after SE in the pilocarpine model of epilepsy and support the theory that long-term gene changes in this model occur and are associated with the long-lasting plasticity changes that are initiated during epileptogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA.
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jafari
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Vasconcelos
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: DeLorenzo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate / Q000494:pharmacology; D004597:Electroshock; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000378:metabolism; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010672:Phenytoin / Q000494:pharmacology; D010862:Pilocarpine; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000502:physiology; D012640:Seizures / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D026362:Serum Response Factor; D013226:Status Epilepticus / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D026362:Serum Response Factor; D014157:Transcription Factors; D010862:Pilocarpine; D010672:Phenytoin; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate