title: Prolonged perivascular use of verapamil or lidocaine decreases skin flap necrosis.
abstract: During this experiment the authors investigated whether prolonged local use of verapamil or lidocaine prevents vasoconstriction and establishes better blood supply to the rat epigastric skin flap, hence reducing the necrosis that occurs otherwise. Abdominal wall skin flaps of 45 Sprague-Dawley rats, based on a single pedicle of the femoral vessels, were elevated. A subcutaneous pocket for the microport valve was created, and the adjacent catheter tip was sewn next to the femoral vessels. In the control and the two treatment groups, 0.5 ml saline or vasodilator solution respectively was injected through the microport every 12 hours for 5 days. On postoperative day 5 there was no statistical difference between the flap surfaces in all groups. The area of flap necrosis was significantly lower in the verapamil- (p = 0.001) and the lidocaine-treated (p = 0.012) groups vs. the control group as determined by analysis of variance with Bonferroni's post hoc test. In conclusion, topical application of verapamil and lidocaine solutions for 5 postoperative days decreased flap marginal necrosis significantly. Prolonged injection of vasodilators in the vicinity of the vascular pedicle prevents vasospasm and improves blood supply to the flap.
authors.affiliation: Microsurgical Replantation-Transplantation Department, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Komorowska-Timek
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dogan
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Lineaweaver
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Buncke
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009336:Necrosis; D011184:Postoperative Period; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016038:Skin Transplantation / Q000473:pathology*; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply*; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014700:Verapamil / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D008012:Lidocaine; D014700:Verapamil