title: The economy class syndrome--a survey of 19 cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Thromboembolic events during or immediately after long-distance flights (economy class syndrome--ECS) are gaining more importance due to the rapidly increasing number of flights. Systematic data on haemostatic parameters in these patients are not available yet.
  
  
  METHODS
  We were therefore analyzing the anamnestic, laboratory and clinical findings in 19 patients (17 males, 2 females, aged 33-75 years) with the final clinical diagnosis ECS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Symptoms commenced either immediately or up to 93 hours after disembarkation (mean 42.3 hours). In the great majority (84.2%) myocardial infarction was the initial diagnosis. No defect in the coagulation and/or prostaglandin system was discovered in either of the patients. Prevalence of smoking (26.3%) was even lower than in the normal population. No predisposing factors were found. Apparent anamnestic similarities were flu and fever (47.4%) while 4 of the patients (26.3%) had severe diarrhoea and dehydration before the flight. Almost all the patients (78.9%) were drinking alcohol during the flight and not actively moving their legs (84.2%). ECS occurred also in business and first class passengers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surprisingly the onset of ECS is definitely not associated with haemostatic defects and not necessarily associated with the clinical risk factors reported.
authors.affiliation: Wilhelm Auerswald Atherosclerosis Research Group Vienna, Austria. helmut.sinzinger@akh-wien.ac.at
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sinzinger
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Karanikas
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kritz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: O'Grady
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vinazzer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000337:Aerospace Medicine; D000368:Aged; D000401:Aircraft; D003441:Crowding; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007103:Immobilization; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality