title: Effects of tylosin on concentrations of Fusobacterium necrophorum and fermentation products in the rumen of cattle fed a high-concentrate diet.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine effects of tylosin on ruminal concentrations of Fusobacterium necrophorum and fermentation products in cattle during rapid adaptation to a high-concentrate diet.
  
  
  METHODS
  6 steers fitted with ruminal cannulas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Steers were assigned randomly to 2 treatment groups and switched from a 0 to an 85% concentrate diet during a 4-day period. Cattle received this diet, with or without tylosin (90 mg/steer/d), for 4 weeks. Samples of ruminal contents were collected daily beginning 2 days before the treatment protocol and in the first week of concentrate feeding. Four subsequent samples were collected at weekly intervals. Concentration of F. necrophorum in samples was determined, using the most-probable-number technique. Ruminal pH and concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFA), lactate, and ammonia also were determined. All steers received both treatments separated by 4 weeks (cross-over design), during which time they were fed alfalfa hay only.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In control steers, concentration of F. necrophorum increased in response to the high-concentrate diet. Tylosin-fed steers had lower concentrations of F. necrophorum than control steers at all times during concentrate feeding. However, ruminal pH and concentrations of lactate, VFA, and ammonia did not differ between treatment groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tylosin caused a significant reduction in ruminal concentrations of F. necrophorum during rapid adaptation to a high-concentrate diet but had no effect on fermentation products. The reduction in ruminal concentration of F. necrophorum helps explain the reduction in prevalence of hepatic abscesses reported in tylosin-fed feedlot cattle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animals Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506, USA.
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Nagaraja
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Kemp
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Parrott
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000032:analysis; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000032:analysis; D005285:Fermentation / Q000187:drug effects; D005674:Fusobacterium Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D005675:Fusobacterium necrophorum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008100:Liver Abscess / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation; D012417:Rumen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology*; D013272:Stomach Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary; D015645:Tylosin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D019344:Lactic Acid; D000641:Ammonia; D015645:Tylosin