title: Enhanced biotransformation of carbon tetrachloride by Acetobacterium woodii upon addition of hydroxocobalamin and fructose.
abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydroxocobalamin (OH-Cbl) on transformation of high concentrations of carbon tetrachloride (CT) by Acetobacterium woodii (ATCC 29683). Complete transformation of 470 microM (72 mg/liter [aqueous]) CT was achieved by A. woodii within 2.5 days, when 10 microM OH-Cbl was added along with 25.2 mM fructose. This was approximately 30 times faster than A. woodii cultures (live or autoclaved) and medium that did not receive OH-Cbl and 5 times faster than those controls that did receive OH-Cbl, but either live A. woodii or fructose was missing. CT transformation in treatments with only OH-Cbl was indicative of the important contribution of nonenzymatic reactions. Besides increasing the rate of CT transformation, addition of fructose and OH-Cbl to live cultures increased the percentage of [(14)C]CT transformed to (14)CO(2) (up to 31%) and (14)C-labeled soluble materials (principally L-lactate and acetate), while decreasing the percentage of CT reduced to chloroform and abiotically transformed to carbon disulfide. (14)CS(2) represented more than 35% of the [(14)C]CT in the presence of reduced medium and OH-Cbl. Conversion of CT to CO was a predominant pathway in formation of CO(2) in the presence of live cells and added fructose and OH-Cbl. These results indicate that the rate and distribution of products during cometabolic transformation of CT by A. woodii can be improved by the addition of fructose and OH-Cbl.
authors.affiliation: Center for Microbial Ecology and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, E. Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA. hashsham@pilot.msu.edu
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Hashsham
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Freedman
mesh_terms: D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000378:metabolism*; D001711:Biotransformation; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005632:Fructose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006879:Hydroxocobalamin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D005632:Fructose; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride; D006879:Hydroxocobalamin