title: Castration induces acute vasoconstriction of blood vessels in the rat prostate concomitant with a reduction of prostatic nitric oxide synthase activity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies demonstrating a rapid and drastic reduction of blood flow to the rat prostate gland resulting from castration caused us to consider the influence of castration on the state of vascular constriction and on the activity of the vascular tone-regulating factors (nitric oxide synthase and cyclic GMP) in the rat prostate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sections of ventral prostate glands obtained from intact and castrated rats were analyzed for the mean areas within smooth muscle-coated blood vessels using a computerized microscopic image analysis system. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) levels were measured in prostatic extracts from unoperated or castrated rats using an enzyme assay system that measures conversion of 3H-L-arginine to citruline. Cyclic GMP levels were measured in prostatic extracts from unoperated or castrated rats using a competitive radioimmunoassay system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean area within ventral prostate smooth muscle-coated blood vessels was reduced 39% at 24 hours after castration (p = 0.039) and 47.7% at 48 hours after castration (p = 0.039). NOS activity measured in prostatic extracts was reduced 38% at 24 hours (p = 0.0012) and 51.6% at 36 hours after castration (p = 0.0001) compared with the control group of noncastrated rats. Finally, prostatic cGMP levels were reduced 55.8% (p = 0.0018) at 36 hours after castration when compared with controls rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within 24 hours after castration, the lumenal areas of smooth muscle-coated blood vessels in the rat prostate gland were found to be significantly reduced. This vasoconstriction was associated with a significant reduction of prostatic NOS activity as well as a reduction in the prostatic levels of the NOS co-factor, cGMP. Thus, acute vasoconstriction is a prominent early event associated with rat prostate regression in response to castration and likely contributes to the regression of the tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA.
authors.forename: O R
authors.initials: OR
authors.lastname: Hayek
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shabsigh
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Kiss
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Burchardt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Burchardt
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Olsson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Buttyan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*; D009919:Orchiectomy; D011467:Prostate / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014661:Vasoconstriction
chemical_list: D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D006152:Cyclic GMP