title: Calreticulin and calreticulin fragments are endothelial cell inhibitors that suppress tumor growth.
abstract: Several angiogenesis inhibitors are fragments of larger proteins that are themselves not active as angiogenesis inhibitors. Vasostatin, the N-terminal domain of calreticulin inclusive of amino acids 1-180, is an angiogenesis inhibitor that exerts antitumor effects in vivo. In the present study, we examined whether the full-length calreticulin molecule shares the antiangiogenic and antitumor activities of vasostatin. Similar to vasostatin, calreticulin selectively inhibited endothelial cell proliferation in vitro, but not cells of other lineages, and suppressed angiogenesis in vivo. When inoculated into athymic mice, calreticulin inhibited Burkitt tumor growth comparably with vasostatin. Calreticulin lacking the N-terminal 1-120 amino acids inhibited endothelial cell proliferation in vitro and Burkitt tumor growth in vivo comparably with vasostatin. An internal calreticulin fragment encompassing amino acids 120-180 also inhibited endothelial cell proliferation in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo comparably with calreticulin and vasostatin. These results suggest that the antiangiogenic activities of vasostatin reside in a domain that is accessible from the full-length calreticulin molecule and localize to calreticulin N-terminal amino acids 120-180. Thus, calreticulin and calreticulin fragments are inhibitors of angiogenesis that directly target endothelial cells, inhibit angiogenesis, and suppress tumor growth. This information may be critical in designing targeted inhibitors of pathological angiogenesis that underlies cancer and other diseases.
authors.affiliation: Center for Biologics Evaluation, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Pike
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Setsuda
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cherney
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Appella
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakaguchi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakhasi
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Atreya
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Teruya-Feldstein
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wirth
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tosato
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002051:Burkitt Lymphoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity*; D037282:Calreticulin; D002417:Cattle; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D012261:Ribonucleoproteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity*; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D037282:Calreticulin; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012261:Ribonucleoproteins; C121986:vasostatin