title: Discordance of oral-facial-digital syndrome type 1 in monozygotic twin girls.
abstract: The oral-facial-digital syndrome type 1 (OFD1) includes limb, facial, intraoral malformations and the gene for the disorder was recently mapped to Xp22.3-p22.2. We report on monozygotic twin girls discordant for OFD1. Monozygosity is supported by placental pathology (monochorionic diamniotic) and molecular studies with probability of dizygosity <1 x 10(-6). The affected twin has oral cavity abnormalities including median cleft lip, cleft palate, lobulated hamartomatous tongue, aberrant hyperplastic oral frenula, alveolar notches, and absent lateral incisors. Facial manifestations include telecanthus, hypoplastic alae nasi, and transient neonatal facial milia. The patient also has short and deviated fingers with partial cutaneous syndactyly. At 10 years, she has not had central nervous system or kidney problems. X-inactivation study revealed similar X-inactivation patterns in the lymphoblasts of both twins. We conclude that skewed X-inactivation is an unlikely cause for the discordance, which is more likely due to a postzygotic mutation in the affected twin.
authors.affiliation: Heritable Disorders Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4472, USA.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Shotelersuk
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Tifft
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vacha
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Biesecker
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D004200:Diseases in Twins / Q000235:genetics*; D004303:Dosage Compensation, Genetic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D009958:Orofaciodigital Syndromes / Q000235:genetics*; D014430:Twins, Monozygotic