title: Frequency and determinants of postprocedural hemodynamic instability after carotid angioplasty and stenting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hemodynamic instability can occur acutely after carotid angioplasty and stent placement (CAS). We performed this study to determine the frequency of hemodynamic instability in a series of patients who underwent CAS and to analyze factors associated with development of postprocedural hemodynamic events.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed medical records and angiograms in a series of 51 patients (mean age 68.3+/-8.9 years) who underwent CAS for symptomatic (n=29) or asymptomatic (n=22) carotid artery stenosis. Any episodes of hypotension (systolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg), hypertension (systolic blood pressure >160 mm Hg), or bradycardia (heart rate <60 bpm) that occurred in the acute postprocedural period were recorded. The effect of demographic, clinical, intraprocedural, and angiographic factors on subsequent development of hemodynamic instability was analyzed by logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of postprocedural hemodynamic complications in our patient series was as follows: hypotension, 22.4%; hypertension, 38.8%; and bradycardia, 27.5%. Intraprocedural hypotension (odds ratio [OR] 14.6, P=0.024) and history of myocardial infarction (OR 14.1, P=0.04) independently predicted postprocedural hypotension. Postprocedural hypertension was predicted by intraprocedural hypertension (OR 7.6, P=0.01) and previous ipsilateral carotid endarterectomy (OR 7.6, P=0.02). Postprocedural bradycardia was associated with intraprocedural hypotension (OR 74, P=0.001) and intraprocedural bradycardia (OR 12, P=0.008). All events had resolved at the conclusion of the intensive care unit monitoring period (mean 25.7 hours, range 18 to 43 hours).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Postprocedural hemodynamic instability is frequent after CAS and supports the need for monitoring in settings suited to expeditious management of cardiovascular emergencies. Patients who have evidence of hemodynamic instability during the procedure are at highest risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Qureshi
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Luft
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Janardhan
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Guterman
authors.forename: L N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Hopkins
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001919:Bradycardia / Q000209:etiology; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology; D007022:Hypotension / Q000209:etiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents