title: Female juvenile delinquents' pragmatic awareness of conversational interactions.
abstract: Standardized testing has shown that juvenile delinquents have a high incidence of communication problems; however, discourse analyses have failed to confirm pragmatic deficits. This study's purpose was to explore, using qualitative procedures, the pragmatic awareness of female juvenile delinquents concerning conversational interactions. The 45 participants engaged in small-group conversations about communication during multiple class periods. On-line field notes served as the data and were used to determine emerging patterns of verbal and nonverbal communication behaviors. Identified themes included (a) active listening; (b) body position; (c) eye contact, facial expressions, and gestures; (d) utterance types; (e) topics of conversation; (f) politeness and honesty; and (g) conversational management. Results suggested that juvenile delinquents can state many conventions governing conversational interactions; however, some do not always display interactional behaviors consistent with their pragmatic awareness. Discrepancies about pragmatic awareness are discussed in terms of the underlying nature of communication challenges in delinquent populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583-0738, USA. dsanger@unlinfo.unl.edu
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Sanger
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hux
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ritzman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001364:Awareness / Q000502:physiology*; D003142:Communication; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D007604:Juvenile Delinquency / Q000523:psychology*; D007802:Language; D009633:Nonverbal Communication; D011329:Prisoners / Q000523:psychology*; D013060:Speech / Q000502:physiology*