title: Salivary cortisol and serum prolactin in relation to stress rating scales in a group of rescue workers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rescue service personnel are often exposed to traumatic events as part of their occupation, and higher prevalence rates of psychiatric illness have been found among this group.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 65 rescue workers, salivary cortisol at 8 AM and 10 PM and serum prolactin at 8 AM were related to the psychiatric self-rating scale General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) measuring psychiatric health, and the Impact of Events Scale (IES) and Post Traumatic Symptom Scale (PTSS) measuring posttraumatic symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventeen percent of the study population scored above the GHQ-28 cut-off limit but none scored beyond the cut-off limit in the IES and PTSS questionnaires. Salivary cortisol concentration at 10 PM correlated with statistical significance to anxiety (p < .005) and depressive symptoms (p < .01) measured with GHQ-28, as well as to posttraumatic symptoms, with avoidance behavior measured with IES (p < .01) and PTSS (p < .005). Two of the rescue workers were followed over time with the same sampling procedure after a major rescue commission.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The correlation between evening salivary cortisol and anxiety, depressiveness, and posttraumatic avoidance symptoms indicates that these parameters can be used in screening and follow-up after traumatic stress events.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Sweden.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aardal-Eriksson
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Holm
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lundin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood*; D018635:Rescue Work; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000378:metabolism*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D011388:Prolactin; D006854:Hydrocortisone