title: Fluoxetine efficacy in menopausal women with and without estrogen replacement.
abstract: A gradual decline in estrogen levels after the age of 40 may contribute to a higher rate of depression in women over 45 years of age. Estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) has been shown to produce cognitive and mood-enhancing effects in women and may facilitate antidepressant activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the efficacy rates in women on ERT > or = 45 years (n = 40) compared to women > or = 45 years not on ERT (n = 132) and to women < 45 years (n = 396) and to men (n = 262) with major depression during fluoxetine 20 mg daily up to 8 weeks. Remitters with a HAM-D17 score < or = 7 from week 9 to 12 were then treated up to 1-year in a placebo-controlled, relapse-prevention trial.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Efficacy rates were similar in women > or = 45 years on ERT when compared to women > or = 45 years taking fluoxetine alone, and when compared to women < 45 years and men taking fluoxetine. A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis in fluoxetine responders treated up to 26 weeks showed a somewhat greater relapse rate in women > or = 45 years taking ERT compared to other treatment groups (P < 0.06).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study was retrospective nature and ERT was given in an uncontrolled fashion: 63% of women received estrogen alone while 37% also took intermittent progesterone. Other variables include the absence of hormonal documentation of menopausal status, no direct assessment of ERT compliance and the use of fixed-dose fluoxetine 20 mg daily.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In contrast to prior reports suggesting that ERT may facilitate antidepressant activity, we observed similar efficacy in depressed women > or = 45 years taking fluoxetine plus ERT compared to those taking fluoxetine alone.
authors.affiliation: Depression Research Unit, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Amsterdam
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Garcia-España
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fawcett
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Quitkin
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Reimherr
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosenbaum
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Beasley
mesh_terms: D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002979:Climacteric / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000523:psychology; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005260:Female; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; D005473:Fluoxetine