title: Effect of ischemia-reperfusion on xanthine oxidase activity in fetal rat brain capillaries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate whether ischemia and subsequent reperfusion would affect xanthine oxidase activity in fetal rat brain capillaries.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used rats on day 19 of pregnancy. Fetal ischemia was induced by bilateral occlusion of the utero-ovarian artery for 20 minutes. Reperfusion was achieved by releasing the occlusion to restore the circulation for 30 minutes. Control rats underwent a sham operation. Fetal brain capillaries were isolated for measurement of concentrations of hypoxanthine, xanthine, and uric acid, as well as of concentrations of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances. The brain capillaries were incubated with hypoxanthine for 1-5 hours at 25 degrees C. The activity of xanthine oxidase was estimated by measuring the amount of xanthine converted from hypoxanthine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Occlusion for 20 minutes markedly increased the concentration of hypoxanthine but had no effect on levels of xanthine, uric acid, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances. However, subsequent reperfusion led to significant increases in the levels of xanthine, uric acid, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances. Xanthine oxidase activity, as measured by the amount of xanthine produced, was significantly greater in the animals subjected to both ischemia and ischemia-reperfusion compared with the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ischemic insult led to the accumulation of hypoxanthine and stimulated xanthine oxidase activity in fetal brain capillaries. Subsequent reperfusion enhanced the degradation of hypoxanthine to uric acid, which may induce cerebral lipid peroxidation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kochi Medical School, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wakatsuki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okatani
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Izumiya
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ikenoue
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001158:Arteries; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000196:embryology*; D002196:Capillaries / Q000201:enzymology*; D003250:Constriction; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000098:blood supply*; D019271:Hypoxanthine / Q000378:metabolism; D007511:Ischemia / Q000201:enzymology*; D010053:Ovary / Q000098:blood supply; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015424:Reperfusion; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D014599:Uterus / Q000098:blood supply; D019820:Xanthine / Q000378:metabolism; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D019820:Xanthine; D014527:Uric Acid; D019271:Hypoxanthine; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase