title: Transplantation tolerance: the concept and its applicability.
abstract: Recent advances have enabled researchers to induce tolerance in animal transplant models. Although it has been relatively easy to do so in rodents, it has been much more difficult to translate such strategies into primates. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the alloimmune response has prompted the development of novel strategies that may obviate the need for immunosuppression in humans. Mechanisms of tolerance and promising new therapies, as well as the inherent difficulties in bringing them into clinical practice, are reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Transplantation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Womer
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Sayegh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000276:immunology; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000276:immunology; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000276:immunology; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000276:immunology*; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology; D008285:Major Histocompatibility Complex / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D051381:Rats; D017634:Self Tolerance / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018183:Transplantation Chimera / Q000276:immunology; D014181:Transplantation Immunology
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD