title: D-dimers in relation to the severity of arteriosclerosis in patients with stable angina pectoris after myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Plasma concentrations of D-dimers show the extent of intravascular fibrinolysis of cross-linked fibrin. Higher concentrations of D-dimers are found in the plasma of arteriosclerosis patients with increased fibrin metabolism. The present study was performed in order to investigate whether there is a relationship between the severity of arteriosclerosis and fibrinolytic activity indicated by plasma levels of D-dimer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study populations consisted of 1112 men and 299 women with stable angina pectoris, on average 36+/-5.6 days after a myocardial infarction, as well as 326 men and 138 women with no clinical signs of cardiovascular disease. In addition to cardiological and angiological examinations, the lipid status and levels of fibrinogen, plasma viscosity, F 1+2, plasminogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, D-dimer, and C-reactive protein of the participants were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The plasma concentration of D-dimers increases with age, both in the group with coronary artery disease and in the control group, with the female gender showing consistently higher concentrations in both groups. D-dimers correlate with other parameters of the lipid and coagulation systems, which explains 32.0% and 39.2% of the variance in D-dimer values in men and women, respectively. A significant increase in the level of D-dimers can be found in participants with generalized arteriosclerosis, with a left ventricular ejection fraction </=40% as well as those with left-ventricular aneurysm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicates that there is increased fibrinolytic activity in patients with severe arteriosclerosis. This finding gives further support to the hypothesis that D-dimer concentration is dependent on the amount of fibrin associated with arteriosclerotic thrombi. However, because of the low specificity and wide overlap of D-dimer values between patients and controls, enhanced D-dimer values are of limited relevance above and beyond other lipid metabolism risk indicators for coronary artery disease or coronary artery disease and peripheral arterial occlusive disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Heart-Center, Bad Neustadt, Germany.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Tataru
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heinrich
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Junker
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schulte
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: von Eckardstein
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Assmann
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Koehler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001012:Aorta, Abdominal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001809:Blood Viscosity; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000378:metabolism*; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism; D005342:Fibrinolysis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010958:Plasminogen / Q000378:metabolism; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000097:blood; D011379:Prognosis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013318:Stroke Volume; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; C036309:fibrin fragment D; D005340:Fibrinogen; D010958:Plasminogen; D002097:C-Reactive Protein