title: [Eyelid petechiae and conjunctival hemorrhage after cardiopulmonary resuscitation].
abstract: In the last few years, some reports claim that petechial bleedings found in the eyelids and conjunctivae of corpses may be resp. are caused by resuscitation efforts (= RES). Nevertheless, the numbers of cases were small and the selection of the cases presented to demonstrate this relation in our opinion was not convincing. In the material of our institute, the rate of autopsies in which the victims had been tried to resuscitate by professionals increased up to ca. 25%, including a substantial number of victims of homicides. If RES alone would cause petechial bleedings, serious problems would arise for the medical expert. We analyzed all cases of a period of 5 years, which were examined by 1 investigator. Among 474 autopsies, RES was done in 144 cases (31%). 19% of these victims presented petechial bleedings, predominantly in the conjunctivae, compared to only 11% in the non-RES group. However, this was not a consistent finding in all subgroups: If the group of acute cardiac deaths of middle-aged persons was taken separately, in the remaining material a statistically significant difference in the petechial rate between cases with and without RES was not present. The analysis revealed an influence of the following factors in the development of petechial bleedings: cause of death, age, constitution (body mass index). In the RES subgroup with the highest rate of petechial bleedings (acute cardiac deaths of persons between 40-60 years; n = 23; rate of petechiae = 50%) the frequency of petechiae could be explained by a combination of such factors. As a second way we investigated all persons in which RES was done in our Medical School during a period of 5 months. In no surviver petechiae were present; in the group of non-survivers (predominantly cardiac deaths), the petechial rate was 16%. According to the statements of the treating physicians, a development of petechial bleedings under RES was not striking in these cases or according to their general experiences. Although such a statement is of restricted value (because petechial bleedings are mostly not obvious without a special look for them), the complete absence of information of this aspect in the clinical literature is striking. If petechial bleedings would be a common consequence of RES, this finding should be well known in intensive care units. According to our experience, a clear causal relation between resuscitation efforts and petechial bleedings in the face is not likely.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Rechtsmedizin, Freien Universität Berlin.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maxeiner
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Winklhofer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001344:Autopsy / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; D002423:Cause of Death; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000473:pathology; D003229:Conjunctival Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005104:Expert Testimony / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D005130:Eye Hemorrhage / Q000473:pathology*; D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D005143:Eyelids / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011693:Purpura / Q000473:pathology*