title: Reduced expression of p27(Kip1) protein in relation to salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma metastasis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a malignant tumor of salivary gland origin. It tends to grow slowly but shows frequent recurrence and metastasis, ultimately with a poor outcome. Reduced expression of a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p27(Kip1), has been reported to correlate with poor survival for patients with various types of carcinoma. However, there has been no previous study reported of p27(Kip1) expression in ACC, to the authors' knowledge.
  
  
  METHODS
  To evaluate p27(Kip1) as a prognostic marker, the authors examined the immunohistochemical expression of p27(Kip1) protein in 29 ACCs and correlated its expression with clinicopathologic findings. Eleven pleomorphic adenomas (PAs) were also examined to compare the p27(Kip1) expression in benign and malignant salivary gland tumors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All PAs expressed p27(Kip1) at high levels, whereas 83% of ACCs (24 of 29) showed reduced expression of this protein. Furthermore, the expression levels were significantly lower in ACCs with metastasis than in those without metastasis. The authors also examined the expression of p27(Kip1) in 2 ACC cell lines (ACCh and ACC3) by Northern and Western blot analysis to elucidate the possible mechanism of p27(Kip1) reduction in ACC. Both ACCh and ACC3 expressed p27(Kip1) mRNA, but ACCh did not produce p27(Kip1) protein. In ACCh, the expression of p27(Kip1) protein was induced by treatment with a proteasome inhibitor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, these findings suggest that reduced expression of p27(Kip1) may correlate with the development and progression of salivary ACC and can be an indicator of its malignant behavior. They also suggest that increased proteasome-mediated degradation may play an important role in this reduction of p27(Kip1) expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology, Hiroshima University School of Dentistry, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takata
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kudo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyauchi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nikai
mesh_terms: D008949:Adenoma, Pleomorphic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D003528:Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007976:Leupeptins / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D011379:Prognosis; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D012468:Salivary Gland Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D007976:Leupeptins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; C089486:carbobenzoxy-leucyl-leucyl-norvalinal; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27