title: Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by three new pyridinium compounds and their effect on phosphonylation of the enzyme.
abstract: Three new mono-pyridinium compounds were prepared: 1-phenacyl-2-methylpyridinium chloride (1), 1-benzoylethylpyridinium chloride (2) and 1-benzoylethylpyridinium-4-aldoxime chloride (3) and assayed in vitro for their inhibitory effect on human blood acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7, AChE). All the three compounds inhibited AChE reversibly; their binding affinity for the enzyme was compared with their protective effect (PI) on AChE phosphonylation by soman and VX. Compound 1 was found to bind to both the catalytic and the allosteric (substrate inhibition) sites of the enzyme with estimated dissociation constants of 6.9 microM (Kcat) and 27 microM (Kall), respectively. Compound 2 bound to the catalytic site with Kcat = 59 microM and compound 3 only to the allosteric site with Kall = 328 microM. PI was evaluated from phosphonylation measured in the absence and in presence of the compounds applied in a concentration corresponding to their Kcat or Kall value, and was also calculated from theoretical equations deduced from the reversible inhibition of the enzyme. Compounds 1 and 3 protected the enzyme from phosphonylation by soman and VX, whereas no protection was observed in the presence of compound 2 under the same conditions. Irrespective of the binding sites to AChE, PI for compounds 1 and 3 evaluated from phosphonylation agreed with PI calculated from reversible inhibition. Compound 3 was found to be a weak reactivator of methylphosphonylated AChE with Kr = 1.1 x 10(2) L mol-1 min-1.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia. mspoljar@mimi.imi.hr
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Skrinjarić-Spoljar
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Burger
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lovrić
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D002801:Cholinesterase Reactivators / Q000494:pharmacology; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D005292:Ferricyanides; D006801:Humans; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000378:metabolism; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D010091:Oximes / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011485:Protein Binding; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012999:Soman / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D002801:Cholinesterase Reactivators; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D005292:Ferricyanides; D063065:Organophosphonates; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds; D010091:Oximes; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds; D012999:Soman; C400243:1-benzoylethylpyridinium chloride; C400244:1-benzoylethylpyridinium-4-aldoxime chloride; C400242:1-phenacyl-2-methylpyridinium chloride; C121008:pentacyanoferrate (III); C009680:VX-agent