title: Specialty networking in pediatric surgery: a paradigm for the future of academic surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review retrospectively a 4-year experience with pediatric surgical networking at a major academic medical center in the Midwest.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The growth of managed care in the United States during the past decade has had a major impact on the practice of medicine in general, but especially on academic medicine. In some academic medical centers, the loss of market share has not only affected clinical activity but has also compromised the educational and research missions of these institutions.
  
  
  METHODS
  At the authors' institution, a networking strategy in pediatric surgery was established in 1993 and implemented on July 1, 1994. In 1994, one new satellite practice was established; over the next 4 years, four additional practices were added, including one in another state. To assess the impact on financial status, clinical activity, education, and academic productivity, the following parameters were analyzed: gross and net revenue, surgical cases, clinic visits, ranking of the pediatric surgery residency, publications, grant support, and development and endowment funds.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gross and net revenue increased from $3,273,000 and $302,000 in 1993 to $10,087,000 and $2,826,000, respectively, in 1998. Surgical cases and clinic visits increased from 1240 and 3751 in 1993 to 5872 and 11,604, respectively, in 1998. At the medical center's children's hospital, surgical cases and clinic visits increased from 1240 and 3751 to 2592 and 4729 during the same time period. During this 4-year period, the faculty increased from 4 to 11. Since 1997, the National Resident Matching Program has provided data on how pediatric surgery residency candidates ranked a training program. In 1997, this program received the second-most one to five rankings; in 1998, it tied for first. This exceeds the faculty's perception of previous years' rankings. Publications increased from 26 in 1993 to a peak number of 62 in 1996; in 1997 and 1998 the publications were 48 and 37, respectively. External grant support increased from $139,882 in 1993 to a total of $6,109,971 in 1998. Development and endowment funds increased from $103,559 in 1993 to $2,702,2777 in 1998.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pediatric surgical networking at the authors' institution has had a markedly positive impact on finances, clinical activity, education, and academic productivity during a 4-year period. The residency training program appears to have improved in popularity among candidates, probably because of the increased referral of complex cases to the medical center from the various networking satellites. External grant support and basic laboratory research significantly increased, most likely because of the greater number of faculty with protected time for research recruited. Development and endowment funds dramatically grew because of the excellent fiscal health of the pediatric surgical program. This experience may serve as a model for other academic surgical specialties.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48109-0245, USA.
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Coran
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Blackman
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sikina
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Harmon
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Lelli
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Geiger
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Hirschl
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Teitelbaum
authors.forename: T Z
authors.initials: TZ
authors.lastname: Polley
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Golladay
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Austin
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Adelman
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration*; D019058:Community Networks / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005376:Financial Management / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends; D005381:Financing, Organized; D005544:Forecasting; D013502:General Surgery / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000639:trends; D007182:Income / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008824:Michigan; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000639:trends; D012189:Retrospective Studies