title: Extrathoracic arterial grafts performed for carotid artery occlusive disease not amenable to endarterectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Extrathoracic cervical grafts are safe and provide long-lasting stroke prevention in patients with disease not amenable to standard carotid bifurcation endarterectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review of a prospectively maintained vascular surgical registry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Combined university and Department of Veterans Affairs vascular surgical service.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients requiring surgery for carotid atherosclerotic occlusive disease not amenable to endarterectomy from January 1988 to March 1998.
  
  
  METHODS
  Carotid interposition grafting, subclavian-carotid bypass, or carotid-carotid bypass.
  
  
  METHODS
  Perioperative stroke and death, and life-table determination of freedom from stroke, stroke-free survival, and graft patency.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty patients (mean age, 65.8 years; range, 36-83) underwent cervically based carotid grafting. All had greater than 70% stenosis or occlusion of the innominate, common carotid, or internal carotid arteries, and 30 (50%) had undergone at least 1 previous ipsilateral carotid endarterectomy. Indication for operation was stroke or transient ischemic attack in 46 (77%) and asymptomatic high-grade stenosis in 14 (23%). Operative procedures included 31 (52%) carotid interposition grafts, 18 (30%) subclavian-carotid grafts, and 11 (18%) carotid-carotid grafts. Mean follow-up was 29 months (range, 1-117 months). Perioperative stroke rate was 5% (3/60) all in symptomatic patients, and there were no perioperative deaths. By life-table analysis, freedom from stroke was 92% at 1 and 5 years. Stroke-free survival was 90% at 1 year and 61% at 5 years. Primary graft patency was 94% at 1 year and 84% at 5 years, with assisted primary patency of 90% at 5 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cervical carotid artery grafts for complicated or recurrent carotid atherosclerosis not amenable to endarterectomy are durable and provide excellent freedom from stroke with low perioperative morbidity and mortality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 97201, USA.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Abou-Zamzam
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Moneta
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Yeager
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: McConnell
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Porter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000601:surgery*; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000601:surgery*; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*