title: Treatment of carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas retrograde via the superior ophthalmic vein (SOV).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Carotid-cavernous sinus fistula is an old difficulty in neurosurgery. At present, the main way to deal with it is by embolizing the fistula via an arterial route. But if the fistula is small or supplied by several branches, it is difficult to embolize via an arterial approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this report, 21 patients with carotid-cavernous sinus fistulae were successfully cured by embolizing the fistula via the SOV approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients were cured, and there were no serious postoperative complications. Follow-up has been carried out in 19 cases for 8 months to more than 4 years; no recurrence manifested.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For carotid-cavernous sinus fistulae that cannot be embolized arterially, the superior ophthalmic vein route is an easy, safe, effective and promising approach.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Derang
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ying
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reifa
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Qiming
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yimu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guoxiang
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shimin
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lihua
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zunhua
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001164:Arteriovenous Fistula / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D002426:Cavernous Sinus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009882:Ophthalmic Nerve / Q000098:blood supply*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014680:Veins