title: Identification of the cysteine residues in the amino-terminal extracellular domain of the human Ca(2+) receptor critical for dimerization. Implications for function of monomeric Ca(2+) receptor.
abstract: We analyzed the effect of substituting serine for each of the 19 cysteine residues within the amino-terminal extracellular domain of the human Ca(2+) receptor on cell surface expression and receptor dimerization. C129S, C131S, C437S, C449S, and C482S were similar to wild type receptor; the other 14 cysteine to serine mutants were retained intracellularly. Four of these, C60S, C101S, C358S and C395S, were unable to dimerize. A C129S/C131S double mutant failed to dimerize but was unique in that the monomeric form expressed at the cell surface. Substitution of a cysteine for serine 132 within the C129S/C131S mutant restored receptor dimerization. Mutation of residues Cys-129, Cys-131, and Ser-132, singly and in various combinations caused a left shift in Ca(2+) response compared with wild type receptor. These results identify cysteines 129 and 131 as critical in formation of intermolecular disulfide bond(s) responsible for receptor dimerization. In a "venus flytrap" model of the receptor extracellular domain, Cys-129 and Cys-131 are located within a region protruding from one lobe of the flytrap. We suggest that this region represents a dimer interface for the receptor and that mutation of residues within the interface causes important changes in Ca(2+) response of the receptor.
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Hauschild
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Steinbach
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Goldsmith
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hauache
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Spiegel
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D000818:Animals; D019921:Biotinylation; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D003545:Cysteine; D019281:Dimerization; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007700:Kinetics; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D051381:Rats; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D003545:Cysteine; D002118:Calcium