title: Oral manifestations and salivary flow rate, pH, and buffer capacity in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate oral manifestations and salivary changes in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-two patients undergoing hemodialysis for renal insufficiency were examined; 22 of these patients were randomly selected for salivary tests. Unstimulated whole saliva and stimulated parotid saliva were collected, and flow rate, pH, and buffer capacity were examined. Twenty-two healthy volunteers were included as controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Uremic odor, dry mouth, and taste change were common symptoms. Petechia and/or ecchymosis and increase of tongue coating were major signs. The flow rates of unstimulated whole and stimulated parotid saliva were decreased in the patient group. The pH and buffer capacity of unstimulated whole saliva were increased in the patient group, but stimulated parotid saliva did not show any significant differences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis showed apparent oral and salivary changes. The results help us understand the relationship between oral changes and renal insufficiency.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Oral Medicine & Oral Diagnosis, College of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Korea.
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kho
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Y K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002021:Buffers; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D017742:Dental Care for Chronically Ill; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D012636:Secretory Rate; D013651:Taste Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D014511:Uremia / Q000209:etiology; D014987:Xerostomia / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D002021:Buffers