title: Adrenomedullary response to caffeine in prepubertal and pubertal obese subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether blunted adrenomedullary responsiveness to stimuli is a primary feature of human obesity in childhood and adolescence
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparison of plasma catecholamine response to caffeine in obese and lean subjects before and after puberty onset.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve lean prepubertal subjects (six males and six females), 15 prepubertal obese subjects (seven males and eight females), 12 pubertal lean subjects (six males and six females) and 24 pubertal obese subjects (12 males and 12 females)
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma levels of Luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), 17beta-estradiol and testosterone were used to validate Tanner score. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate and plasma catecholamines before and after caffeine administration (4 mg/kg of ideal body weight).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Caffeine administration significantly stimulated adrenaline release in all subjects studied. The incremental area of adrenaline response to caffeine, analysed by multiple comparison test, was lower in pubertal obese subjects with respect to other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At variance with what is observed in adulthood obesity, prepubertal obese subjects show an intact adrenomedullary response to caffeine.
authors.affiliation: Centro di Nutrizione Clinica e Malattie del Metabolismo, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna Università di Modena, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bondi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grugni
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Velardo
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Biella
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Venneri
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Morabito
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Menozzi
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Rio
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000313:Adrenal Medulla / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002648:Child; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism*; D011627:Puberty / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D002110:Caffeine; D013739:Testosterone; D004958:Estradiol; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine