title: Effects of exercise training and its cessation on components of the insulin resistance syndrome in obese children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of exercise training (ET) on components of the insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) in obese children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, modified cross-over study, with subjects assigned to one of two conditions: (1) 4 months of ET followed by 4 months of no-ET; or (2) 4 months of no-ET followed by 4 months of ET. Measurements were made at three time points: 0, 4 and 8 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  79 obese, but otherwise healthy children (age: 7-11 y, percent fat (%fat) 27-61%).
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations, plasma insulin and glucose concentrations; %fat; submaximal heart rate (HR) as an index of fitness. EXERCISE TRAINING: ET was offered 5 d/week 40 min/d. For the 73 children who completed 4 months of ET, the mean attendance was 80% (that is, 4 d/week) and the average HR during ET was 157 bpm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant (P < 0.05) group x time interactions were found for plasma triglyceride (TG) and insulin concentrations and %fat. The average change for both groups, from just before ET to just after the 4 month ET was -0.24 mmol.l-1 for TG, -25.4 pmol.l-1 for insulin and -1.6 units for %fat. When Group 1 ceased ET, over the following 4 month period the average change for insulin was +26.6 pmol.l-1 and for %fat +1.3 units.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Some components (plasma TG, insulin, %fat) of the IRS are improved as a result of 4 months of ET in obese children. However, the benefits of ET are lost when obese children become less active.
authors.affiliation: Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta 30912-3710, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ferguson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gutin
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Le
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Karp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Litaker
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Humphries
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okuyama
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Riggs
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Owens
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001823:Body Composition; D002648:Child; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004032:Diet; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D007328:Insulin; D014280:Triglycerides