title: NMDA agonists and antagonists as probes of glutamatergic dysfunction and pharmacotherapies in neuropsychiatric disorders.
abstract: Antagonists of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subclass of glutamate receptors and agonists of the glycine-B coagonist site of these receptors have been important tools for characterizing the contributions of NMDA receptor pathophysiology to a large number of neuropsychiatric conditions and for treating these conditions. Among these disorders are Alzheimer's disease, chronic pain syndromes, epilepsy, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, addiction disorders, major depression, and anxiety disorders. This review will examine pathophysiological and therapeutic hypotheses generated or supported by clinical studies employing NMDA antagonists and glycine-B agonists and partial agonists. It will also consider ethical issues related to human psychopharmacological studies employing glutamatergic probes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn, USA.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Krystal
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: D'Souza
authors.forename: I L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Petrakis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Belger
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Berman
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Charney
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Abi-Saab
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Madonick
mesh_terms: D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D006805:Human Experimentation; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D018009:Receptors, Glycine / Q000819:agonists* / Q000378:metabolism; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D013577:Syndrome; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D018009:Receptors, Glycine; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate