title: [Dimenhydrinate and metoclopramide for prevention of nausea and vomiting following septorhinoplasties in women].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dimenhydrinate and metoclopramide are inexpensive antiemetic drugs. Metoclopramide, especially, has been studied extensively in the past, but there are no studies that used the combination of both drugs for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV).
  
  
  METHODS
  120 female inpatients undergoing endonasal surgery were randomised to receive one of four antiemetic regimes: placebo, dimenhydrinate (1 mg x kg-1), metoclopramide (0.3 mg x kg-1), or the combination of both drugs (1 mg x kg-1 + 0.3 mg x kg-1) were administered intravenously after induction of anaesthesia and repeated 6 hours after the first administration. For general anaesthesia a standardised technique including benzodiazepine premedication, propofol, desflurane in N2O/O2 vecuronium and a continuous infusion of remifentanil was used. Postoperative analgesia (diclofenac or metamizole supplemented with piritramide) and antiemetic rescue medication (dolasetron and droperidol) were standardised. Episodes of vomiting, retching, nausea, and the need for additional antiemetics were recorded in the recovery room and 2, 5, 8, and 24 hours after surgery. The main goal of the study was to increase the number of females staying completely free from PONV (Chi 2-test). Furthermore, the severity of PONV was analysed, using a standardised scoring algorithm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no differences between the two groups with regard to biometric data and distribution of risk factors for developing PONV. In all four groups nearly the similar number of patients stayed completely free from PONV: Placebo: 60.7%, metoclopramide: 66.7%, dimenhydrinate: 64.3%, combination: 64.4% (differences not significant). There was also no difference in the severity of nausea and emetic sequel.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In females undergoing endonasal surgery under propofol-desflurane-remifentanil anaesthesia the incidence of PONV is about 40%. In this setting, both metoclopramide and dimenhydrinate were ineffective to reduce the incidence and the severity of PONV. The combination of both drugs revealed no additional synergistic effect.
authors.affiliation: Universitätsklinik für Anästhesiologie Ulm. leopold.eberhart@medizin.uni-ulm.de
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Eberhart
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Seeling
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ulrich
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Morin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Georgieff
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004111:Dimenhydrinate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008787:Metoclopramide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009300:Nasal Septum / Q000601:surgery*; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012225:Rhinoplasty; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000932:Antiemetics; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004111:Dimenhydrinate; D008787:Metoclopramide