title: Cardiac adaptivity to attention-demanding tasks in children with a pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Decreases in heart rate variability (HRV) have been repeatedly demonstrated to be an index of effort allocation to attention-demanding tasks. Children with autistic-type problems in social interaction and in adapting to unfamiliar situations (DSM-IV: PDD-NOS) have been shown to have specific attention deficits. These children were hypothesized to exhibit less cardiac adaptivity to attention-demanding tasks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two groups of 18 children with PDD-NOS, judged to be hyperactive and nonhyperactive, were compared to 18 healthy children with respect to their performances on a visual attention task and the differences in HRV measured during periods of task performance and periods of rest.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to the control group, both clinical groups were found to have a stronger capacity limitation in processing high loads of information, and to be less capable of maintaining a stable task performance throughout the whole task. Both clinical groups showed significantly less decreases in HRV during the periods of task performance. The magnitude of rest-task differences in HRV was found to correlate significantly with a behavioral measure of resistance to unexpected changes in daily routines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children with PDD-NOS are significantly less flexible in their autonomic adaptation to attention-demanding tasks. The findings are interpreted as reflecting a deficiency in the functional organization of those neural pathways that provide cortical control of the visceral efferents.
authors.affiliation: University Center of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Althaus
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Mulder
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mulder
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Aarnoudse
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Minderaa
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002648:Child; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012146:Rest / Q000502:physiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology; D014888:Wechsler Scales