title: Tumor angiogenesis and recurrence in stage I non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tumor angiogenesis appears to relate to recurrence after an operation as a route for distant metastasis. We assessed the association of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and intratumoral microvessel density (MD) with recurrence in primary lung cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples were randomly obtained from 104 stage I lung cancer patients who underwent curative operations (43 recurrent, 61 nonrecurrent patients). Microvessels were highlighted by staining endothelial cells for factor VIII and VEGF antigen was detected using a polyclonal antibody.
  
  
  RESULTS
  VEGF antigen was detected in large amounts in both recurrent (100%) and nonrecurrent tumors (73.8%). The percentages of patients with the strongest VEGF stain (more than 50% of staining area in tumor cells) were 46.5% in tumors with recurrence and 11.5% in tumors without recurrence. The mean MD in recurrent and nonrecurrent tumors were 18.2+/-10.5 and 8.5+/-5.0, respectively, resulting in a significantly greater value in tumors with recurrence (p<0.0001). Although there were no significant differences in mean MD according to pathological types, in adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma, the mean value in the recurrent group was significantly greater than that in the nonrecurrent one.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An evaluation of VEGF expression and MD in tumors may contribute to the estimation of the risk of recurrence of non-small cell lung cancer in early stages.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Surgery, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Japan. yohta@med.kanazawa-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000032:analysis; D005169:Factor VIII / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D011897:Random Allocation; D012307:Risk Factors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D008222:Lymphokines; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D005169:Factor VIII