title: An impact analysis of a flexible bat using an iterative solver.
abstract: Although technology has now infiltrated and prompted evolution in most mass participation sports, the advances in bat technology in such sports as baseball and cricket have been relatively minor. In this study, we used a simple finite element modelling approach to try to shed new light upon the underlying mechanics of the bat-ball impact, with a view to the future optimization of bat design. The analysis of a flexible bat showed that the point of impact that produced the maximum post-impact ball velocity was a function of the bat's vibrational properties and was not necessarily at the centre of percussion. The details of the analysis agreed well with traditional Hertzian impact theory, and broadly with empirical data. An inspection of the relative modal contributions to the deformations during impact also showed that the position of the node of the first flexure mode was important. In conclusion, considerable importance should be attached to the bat's vibrational properties in future design and analysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, UK. j.m.penrose@sheffield.ac.uk
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Penrose
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Hose
mesh_terms: D001484:Baseball; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004548:Elasticity; D004867:Equipment Design; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D019563:Mechanics; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D018583:Pliability; D019876:Sports Equipment; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D014732:Vibration