title: The role of cytokines, CTLA-4 and costimulation in transplant tolerance and rejection.
abstract: T cell costimulation and cytokine production play an important role in generating the alloimmune responses that lead to allograft rejection. Recent data, however, provide evidence that costimulatory molecules, such as B7-1 and B7-2, and T cell activating cytokines, such as IFN-gamma and IL-2, also trigger negative feedback mechanisms in T lymphocytes which limit alloimmune responses. These feedback mechanisms are essential for the induction of long-term allograft acceptance and, in certain situations, transplantation tolerance.
authors.affiliation: Renal Division, Emory University and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1670 Clairmont Road - 151N, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA. zdai@emory.edu
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Lakkis
mesh_terms: D000069594:Abatacept; D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D018122:B7-1 Antigen; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D016207:Cytokines; D006084:Graft Rejection; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D018122:B7-1 Antigen; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D016207:Cytokines; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D000069594:Abatacept