title: Pilot study of gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric screening of newborn urine for inborn errors of metabolism after treatment with urease.
abstract: Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) techniques for urinary organic acid profiling have been applied to high-risk screening for a wide range of diseases, mainly for inborn errors of metabolism (IEM), rather than to low-risk screening or mass screening. Using a simplified procedure with urease-pretreatment and the GC-MS technique, which allows simultaneous determination of organic acids, amino acids, sugars and sugar acids, we performed a pilot study of the application of this procedure to neonatal urine screening for 22 IEM. Out of 16,246 newborns screened, 11 cases of metabolic disorders were chemically diagnosed: two each of methylmalonic aciduria and glyceroluria, four of cystinuria, and one each of Hartnup disease, citrullinemia and alpha-aminoadipic aciduria/alpha-ketoadipic aciduria. The incidence of IEM was thus one per 1477, which was higher than the one per 3000 obtained in the USA in a study targeting amino acids and acylcarnitines in newborn blood spots by tandem mass spectrometry. Also, 227 cases were found to have transient metabolic abnormalities: 108 cases with neonatal tyrosinuria, 99 cases with neonatal galactosuria, and 20 cases with other transient metabolic disorders. Two hundred and thirty-eight cases out of 16,246 neonates (approximately 1/68) were thus diagnosed using this procedure as having either persistent or transient metabolic abnormalities.
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan. kuhara@kanazawa-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuhara
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shinka
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohse
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhen-wei
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inokuchi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takayanagi
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
mesh_terms: D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008661:Metabolism, Inborn Errors / Q000652:urine*; D015997:Neonatal Screening / Q000379:methods*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D014510:Urease / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014510:Urease