title: Evaluation of arterial compliance in patients with carotid arterial atherosclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  High-resolution peripheral vascular sonography has the capability to determine vessel compliance. A number of factors affect compliance in humans, including age, hypertension and atherosclerosis. However, compliance in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) combined with carotid artery lesions has not been well studied. The objectives of this study were: 1) to determine whether carotid artery compliance is reduced in patients with CAD and carotid artery lesions, and 2) to determine whether decreased arterial compliance is related to an abnormality in vascular wall structure.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study participants included 12 patients with CAD and carotid artery disease (group III), 13 patients with CAD only (group II) and 13 age-matched normal subjects who served as controls (group I). High-resolution peripheral vascular ultrasonography was performed to directly visualize the common carotid artery and to measure its diameter and wall thickness. Carotid artery elastic properties were determined relative to arterial diameter and pressure generated within the heart.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Carotid artery walls were thicker in Group II and III patients than in normal subjects (1.49 +/- 0.03 mm, 1.98 +/- 0.04 mm, vs 1.22 +/- 0.03 mm, p < 0.05 and p < 0.01). There were significant differences in wall thickness between subgroups of CAD patients (p < 0.01). Carotid distensibility was lower (21.8 +/- 1.2 x 10(-6).N-1.m2, 14.8 +/- 1.7 x 10(-6).N-1.m2, vs 25.6 +/- 1.5 x 10(-6).N-1.m2; p < 0.05 and p < 0.01) and Young's modulus of elasticity was higher (3.12 +/- 0.43 x 10(5).Nm-2, 4.18 +/- 0.30 x 10(5).Nm-2, vs 2.34 +/- 0.23 x 10(5).Nm-2; p < 0.05 and p < 0.01) in group II and III patients than in normal subjects. These two indices of carotid artery compliance also differed between subgroups of CAD (p < 0.01). Increased wall thickness may occur secondary to changes in the architectural structure of the vessel wall, and these atherosclerotic changes lead to decreased compliance of arteries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mechanical properties of the carotid arteries provide reliable information regarding changes caused by atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Y T
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Ting
authors.forename: K Y
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003187:Compliance; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D014463:Ultrasonography