title: Biogenic amine survey and organoleptic changes in fresh, stored, and temperature-abused bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix).
abstract: Changes in histamine, putrescine, and cadaverine concentrations in bluefish filets (Pomatomus saltatrix) stored at 5, 10, and 15 degrees C were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. An organoleptic assessment was conducted simultaneously with the biogenic amine analyses. The histamine levels found in fresh bluefish obtained from wholesale seafood distributors ranged between <1 ppm and 99 with an average of 39 ppm. Putrescine and cadaverine were not found in fresh bluefish. Fish fillets stored at each of the three temperatures developed histamine. The greatest accumulation of histamine was observed in fish stored at 15 degrees C, which developed histamine levels as high as 2,200 ppm. Putrescine levels increased at each temperature during storage. Cadaverine was present only in uninoculated bluefish stored at 15 degrees C. Histamine achieved higher levels in bluefish pieces inoculated with Morganella morganii, which demonstrates that bluefish support bacterial histamine formation. Histamine levels at each temperature exceeded the 50-ppm advisory level established by the Food and Drug Administration before 100% sensory rejection. Standard plate counts increased during storage of fish at all temperatures, but the correlation between histamine levels and standard plate count was not significant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061, USA. ksavill@gte.net
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Gingerich
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lorca
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Flick
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Pierson
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: McNair
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001679:Biogenic Amines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002103:Cadaverine / Q000378:metabolism; D004754:Enterobacter / Q000472:pathogenicity; D005399:Fishes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D005519:Food Preservation; D006632:Histamine / Q000378:metabolism; D011700:Putrescine / Q000378:metabolism; D013696:Temperature; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration
chemical_list: D001679:Biogenic Amines; D006632:Histamine; D002103:Cadaverine; D011700:Putrescine