title: Powerful respiratory stimulation by thin muscle afferents.
abstract: The ventilatory responses to electrical stimulation of phrenic afferents were examined in spontaneously breathing dogs at different levels of sodium pentobarbital anesthesia. High intensity stimulation (activation of all the afferents, including thin fibers) increased ventilation (V(E)). The increase in V(E) was comparable to that of breathing 10% CO2 and was inversely related to anesthesia level. Under light anesthesia, V(E) increased to 282+/-36% of the control value when the phrenic nerve was stimulated at 130 times the twitch threshold (n = 15; P < 0.01). The increase in V(E) was due to increases in breathing rate (193+/-19%) and tidal volume (V(T)) (143+/-8%). On the other hand, inspiratory time (T(I)) decreased. Thus, average airflow rate (V(T)/T(I)) increased to 204+/-23%. After administration of 20 and 40% of the initial dose of pentobarbital, V(E) response was attenuated to 157+/-21 and 121+/-4%, respectively. We conclude that thin muscle afferents are capable of eliciting pronounced ventilatory stimulation. The small responses observed earlier were likely due to depth of anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Medicine, University of Louisville, KY 40292, USA. j0yu0001@ulkyvm.louisville.edu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Younes
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D004285:Dogs; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000502:physiology*; D010791:Phrenic Nerve / Q000502:physiology; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000502:physiology*; D012132:Respiratory Muscles / Q000294:innervation* / Q000502:physiology*; D014628:Vagotomy
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide