title: Site dependent bioavailability and metabolism of levosimendan in dogs.
abstract: Site specific bioavailability and metabolism of levosimendan was studied in ten dogs by placing intestinal access port catheters in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract. 14C-labelled levosimendan (0.1 mg/kg) was administered intravenously, by gastric tube and directly through catheters that were placed in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Plasma samples were collected and radioactivity in the different organs and tissues was measured. The results of the present study showed that bioavailability of levosimendan was high varying from 71 to 86% after extravascular administration. Metabolite OR-1855 concentrations in the plasma were about 3-4 times higher after administration to the ileum compared to the other administration routes. It can be concluded that the bioavailability of levosimendan is not affected by site specific administration. The bacteria or enzymes responsible for the metabolism of levosimendan are located in the lower parts of the gastrointestinal tract.
authors.affiliation: Orion Pharma, PO Box 65, 02101, Espoo, Finland. saila.antila@orion.fi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Antila
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huuskonen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nevalainen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kanerva
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vanninen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lehtonen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004285:Dogs; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D005260:Female; D006835:Hydrazones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D011724:Pyridazines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000077464:Simendan; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D006835:Hydrazones; D011724:Pyridazines; D000077464:Simendan