title: Temperature effect on nervous necrosis virus infection in grouper cell line and in grouper larvae.
abstract: This preliminary study elucidates the in vitro and in vivo effects of temperature on grouper nervous necrosis virus (GNNV) infection. A novel continuous cell line derived from the fin tissue of a grouper (Epinephelus coioides, Hamilton), named as GF-1 cell line, was used. Cytopathic effect was observed in GNNV-infected GF-1 cells incubated at 24-32 degrees C after viral adsorption, but not at 20 degrees C or 37 degrees C even though the viral adsorption temperature was 28 degrees C. Viral protein could be detected in the pellets of GNNV-infected GF-1 cells cultured at 20-32 degrees C, but not at 37 degrees C. In a challenge test, GNNV-challenged larvae which were maintained at a constant 28 degrees C began to die 1 day post challenge (p.c.) with a death rate of 80%. Mortality reached 100% by 50 h p.c., while the mortality of negative control fish was only 5%. The cumulative mortality of GNNV-challenged larvae at ambient temperature, i.e. 28 degrees C at noon and 24 degrees C at midnight, was 10% 1 day p.c., and increased to 100% by 80 h p.c. Based on the results, we concluded that temperature plays an important role in GNNV infection and pathogenicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, ROC. shauchi@ccms.ntu.edu.tw
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001492:Bass / Q000196:embryology / Q000821:virology*; D002213:Capsid / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000401:mortality / Q000821:virology*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology; D007814:Larva; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D012327:RNA Virus Infections / Q000401:mortality / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D012328:RNA Viruses / Q000502:physiology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012623:Seawater / Q000821:virology*; D013696:Temperature