title: Low-dose subcutaneous ketamine infusion and morphine tolerance.
abstract: The NMDA receptor has been reported to be involved in opioid tolerance. Adjuvant subcutaneous infusion treatment with (very) low-dose ketamine, a NMDA receptor antagonist, improves analgesia and at the same time appears to reduce morphine tolerance. Three cases are presented.
authors.affiliation: Pain Clinic, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. rbel@haukeland.no
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Bell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology; D010148:Intractable Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D007649:Ketamine; D009020:Morphine