title: VacA genotyping directly from gastric biopsy specimens and estimation of mixed Helicobacter pylori infections in patients with duodenal ulcer and gastritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The vacA genotypes and the cagA gene status were investigated in 80 Helicobacter pylori-infected patients with duodenal ulcer (DU) and 49 with gastritis only.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lysates of gastric biopsy specimens were used directly for polymerase chain reaction-based detection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ml subtype was found in 36% and 31% and the m2 in 36% and 46% of specimens from patients with DU and gastritis, respectively (P > 0.05). In 15% of samples the midregion remained unclassified. The prevalence rate of s1 subtypes was higher in cases of DU (69%) than in gastritis (43%) (P < 0.0001); the opposite correlation was observed for s2. The cagA gene was detected in 80% of patients with DU and in 52% of those with gastritis (P < 0.0001). Infections with multiple H. pylori strains exceeded 50% in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that vacA s1 genotype and cagA+ status are associated with higher DU prevalence and that mixed H. pylori infections are very common in our geographic region.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Gastroenterology, Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center, and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Hennig
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Trzeciak
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Regula
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Butruk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ostrowski
mesh_terms: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D001706:Biopsy; D004381:Duodenal Ulcer / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000473:pathology; D005756:Gastritis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D005838:Genotype; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C074689:VacA protein, Helicobacter pylori; C080866:cagA protein, Helicobacter pylori