title: Replacement of internal protein genes, with the exception of the matrix, in equine 1 viruses by equine 2 influenza virus genes during evolution in nature.
abstract: To establish the evolutionary association between the equine 1 H7 HA and M genes, phylogenetic analyses of the six internal gene segments of equine 1 influenza viruses (H7N7 subtype) were performed using partial nucleotide sequences. The results demonstrated that five internal genes (PBI, PB2, PA, NP and NS) of equine 1 viruses isolated after 1964 were replaced by those of equine 2 H3N8 viruses. However, the M gene was maintained during the evolution of these equine 1 viruses. These findings suggest a functional association between equine H7 HA and M gene products, most likely M2 protein.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawaoka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohira
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takakuwa
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kida
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Otsuki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology*; D006736:Horses; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000235:genetics*; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000662:veterinary*; D010802:Phylogeny; D011487:Protein Conformation; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D014764:Viral Proteins