title: Amyloid beta-peptide-associated free radical oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, and Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: Given the increasing evidence of oxidative stress in AD brain and studies from different perspectives that appear to show a converging, central role for A beta in the pathogenesis and etiology of AD, insight into A beta-associated free radical oxidative stress will likely lead to a greater understanding of AD and, potentially, to better therapeutic strategies in this disorder. This article outlined methods to investigate markers of oxidative stress induced by A beta in brain membrane systems. Especially important are markers for protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation, and ROS generation by A beta. Oxidative stress and its sequelae are likely related to both necrotic and apoptotic mechanisms of neurotoxicity, and A beta-associated free radical oxidative stress may be of fundamental importance in Alzheimer's disease etiology and pathogenesis. The methods described here provide some means for investigating this possibility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40506-0055, USA.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Butterfield
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Yatin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Varadarajan
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koppal
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000378:metabolism*; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers; D002452:Cell Count; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000378:metabolism; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism*; D005974:Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013113:Spin Labels; D013574:Synaptosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts / Q000378:metabolism; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000378:metabolism; D014343:Trypan Blue
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D015415:Biomarkers; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides; D005609:Free Radicals; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013113:Spin Labels; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; C017480:4-maleimido-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinooxyl; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D005974:Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; C022616:thiazolyl blue; D014343:Trypan Blue