title: Equine dental disease part 1: a long-term study of 400 cases: disorders of incisor, canine and first premolar teeth.
abstract: A review of 400 horses referred because of dental disorders showed 44 cases to suffer from primary disorders of their incisors and 11 from canine or 1st premolar teeth disorders. The remaining 345 horses suffered from primary disorders of the cheek teeth. Disorders of incisors included traumatic damage to teeth and their supporting bones, retained deciduous, displaced and supernumerary incisors; brachygnathia and abnormalities of wear, with most of the latter disorders being secondary to primary disorders of the cheek teeth Only 3 cases of apical infection of incisors were recognised. Most cases of fractured incisors responded well to conservative therapy. Retained deciduous incisors were extracted, but most cases with supernumerary and displaced incisors, or brachygnathia were treated conservatively. Most disorders of the canine and 1st premolar were developmental displacements that caused bitting problems (abnormalities of head movement associated with the bit), and these cases responded well to extraction of the displaced teeth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Midlothian, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Dixon
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Tremaine
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pickles
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kuhns
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hawe
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McCann
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: McGorum
authors.forename: D I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Railton
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brammer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001641:Bicuspid; D003481:Cuspid; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006736:Horses; D007180:Incisor; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014076:Tooth Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D014082:Tooth Fractures / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D014096:Tooth, Supernumerary / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D016896:Treatment Outcome