title: Sleep habits of Long Island Rail Road commuters.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We addressed the issue of how commuting affects sleep habits, and its association with general health and potential sleep disorders in individuals on a large, U.S. commuter rail system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Postage-paid mail back questionnaires were distributed to commuters over 6 consecutive weekdays. The questionnaire incorporated previously validated questions regarding sleep habits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Questionnaires were dispensed at 15 different rail stations.
  
  
  METHODS
  21,000 commuters accepted the questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data was analyzed by total group and length of commute. A total of 4715 (22%) questionnaires were returned. Over 50% of the sample reported difficulty with sleep and wakefulness while only 3% sought professional help. Sleep apnea was suspected in 4.2% of male and 1% of female respondents and was associated with increased reports of excessive daytime sleepiness, and history of hypertension, diabetes and obesity. Total nocturnal sleep time was significantly less in those subjects with long commutes. Seventy percent of respondents reported napping during the commute. Length of commute was associated with hypertension.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Commuting long distances negatively impacts one's ability to capture adequate sleep. Data suggests that there may be significant numbers of respondents with unrecognized sleep disorders which further impact on general health.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. walslj01@mcgc16.med.nyu.edu
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Walsleben
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Norman
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Novak
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: O'Malley
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Rapoport
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Strohl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002391:Catchment Area, Health; D005260:Female; D006184:Habits; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009518:New York; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D011890:Railroads; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014195:Travel