title: No cerebrospinal fluid leaks in translabyrinthine vestibular schwannoma removal: reappraisal of 200 consecutive patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to validate measures taken to reduce the number of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks after removal of vestibular schwannomas to 0.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was a retrospective case review.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted at an otology/neurotology tertiary referral center (Gruppo Otologico, Piacenza, Italy).
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred thirty-one vestibular schwannoma patients were studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  The enlarged translabyrinthine approach (TLA) was used in all cases, with a number of modifications in the last 200 patients. It was extended in 22 patients with blind sac closure of the external meatus, removal of the posterior bony canal wall, and obliteration of the Eustachian tube and middle ear.
  
  
  METHODS
  Whether patients had a leak through the wound, the nose (rhinoliquorrhea), or the ear (otoliquorrhea) was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In an early group, the percentage of CSF leaks was 6.9%. On the basis of the evaluated causes, as time went by, technical modifications evolved. They consisted of 1) the total conservation of the fascioperiosteal flap, 2) obliteration of all petrosal cells possibly communicating with the middle ear, 3) removing the incus in a correct way, 4) closing the attic with periosteum, 5) obliterating the surgical cavity, leaving strips of abdominal fat with their medial ends inside the cerebellopontine angle, 6) suturing the musculo-periosteal layer in a correct way, and 7) fixing the skin flap to the underlying surface. The application of these modifications resulted in a total absence of CSF leaks in 200 consecutive patients thereafter. Also, no cases of meningitis were encountered.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our knowledge, this is the first series of 200 consecutive vestibular schwannoma patients operated by means of the enlarged TLA without a single CSF leak. When the appropriate measures are taken, the number of CSF leaks after removing tumors through the enlarged TLA must and can be reduced to 0.
authors.affiliation: Gruppo Otologico, Piacenza, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Falcioni
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Mulder
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taibah
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Donato
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanna
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000637:transplantation; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002558:Cerebrospinal Fluid Otorrhea / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002559:Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007758:Ear, Inner / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009464:Neuroma, Acoustic / Q000601:surgery*; D013506:Otologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D013536:Suture Techniques; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed