title: Effect of oxygen enrichment on morphology, growth, and heterologous protein production in chemostat cultures of Aspergillus niger B1-D.
abstract: The response of steady state chemostat cultures of a recombinant Aspergillus niger (B1-D), secreting both a heterologous enzyme (Hen Egg White Lysozyme [HEWL]) and a native enzyme (Glucoamylase), to varying levels of O2 enrichment of the process gas was evaluated. Formation of both the native and the foreign enzyme increased with increasing O2 supply. Conversely, biomass levels and total extracellular protein levels were generally not increased under O2 enriched conditions. Two distinct micromorphologies were apparent in these cultures, one, typically seen under O2 limiting conditions (i. e. at 0 and 10% enrichment levels), tended to be represented by long, sparsely branched hyphal elements, with low percentages of "active" length (i. e. how much of the hypha is cytoplasm filled); whilst, a second micromorphology, typical of O2 enriched cultures at 30 and 50% O2 enrichment, was represented by shorter hyphal elements, with more branching and a higher % "active" length. At these higher O2 levels, formation of a yellow pigment occurred, and signs of culture autolysis were noted. At 50% enrichment, a "stranded" aggregate morphology was apparent, possibly as a response to a hyperoxidant state. Production of both the native enzyme and HEWL correlated well with a simple morphological measure (tip number) or, with % "active" length. It is proposed the morphological changes noted in the cultures were associated with the increased production of both HEWL and glucoamylase.
authors.affiliation: Strathclyde Fermentation Centre, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Strathclyde University, 204 George Street, Glasgow G1 1XW.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wongwicharn
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: McNeil
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Harvey
mesh_terms: D001234:Aspergillus niger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D019149:Bioreactors; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods; D002455:Cell Division; D005285:Fermentation; D005087:Glucan 1,4-alpha-Glucosidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D009113:Muramidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D009113:Muramidase; D005087:Glucan 1,4-alpha-Glucosidase; D010100:Oxygen