title: Sequential retroperitoneal venous hemorrhage and embolism of an angio-seal puncture closure device complicating iliac artery angioplasty.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present a case of iatrogenic puncture closure device embolization complicating surgery for retroperitoneal hemorrhage (RPH) secondary to angioplasty-induced common iliac vein trauma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 78-year-old woman with rest pain underwent successful kissing balloon dilation of her aortoiliac bifurcation for a calcified ostial stenosis of the left common iliac artery. Hemostatic puncture closure devices (Angio-Seal) were used to secure both femoral punctures. A right-sided retroperitoneal hematoma developed, and during surgical exploration of the right groin, the Angio-Seal device was removed. The only bleeding site found was the external iliac artery puncture and it was repaired. She again became hypovolemic 18 hours later and was returned to surgery, where bilateral groin explorations and laparotomy by the vascular surgical team found a tear in the left common iliac vein. After repair, the patient was stable for 48 hours when the left leg became critically ischemic. Angiography detected a new high-grade stenosis in the left profunda femoris artery; embolectomy retrieved a footplate from the left puncture closure device. The patient died 11 days later from multiorgan failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RPH should be considered early as an occult cause of hypovolemic shock developing soon after even technically straightforward iliac angioplasty. Interventionists should be aware that using the Angio-Seal device risks acute limb ischemia if footplate embolization occurs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Tomlinson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Beese
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Banwell
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Loosemore
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Buckenham
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Dormandy
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D004617:Embolism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D004868:Equipment Failure; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery; D006406:Hematoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D006488:Hemostasis, Surgical / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D007083:Iliac Artery; D007084:Iliac Vein / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries*; D007813:Laparotomy; D011677:Punctures; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space