title: Demonstration of selective protein kinase C-dependent activation of Src and Lck tyrosine kinases during ischemic preconditioning in conscious rabbits.
abstract: Src tyrosine kinases have been shown to mediate cellular responses to stress in noncardiac cells. However, the effect of myocardial ischemia on Src tyrosine kinases is unknown. Furthermore, the identity of the tyrosine kinase(s) involved in the genesis of ischemic preconditioning (PC) remains obscure. Here, we present the first evidence that ischemic PC (6 cycles of 4-minute coronary occlusion and 4-minute reperfusion) induces selective activation of 2 members of the Src family of tyrosine kinases, Src and Lck, in the heart of conscious rabbits. The activation of Src in the particulate fraction was not evident at 5 minutes after ischemic PC but became apparent at 30 minutes (+119% versus control), whereas the activation of Lck in the particulate fraction was apparent both at 5 minutes (+103% versus control) and at 30 minutes (+89%) after ischemic PC. The activity of the other 5 members of the Src tyrosine kinases expressed in the rabbit heart (Fyn, Fgr, Yes, Lyn, and Blk) was not affected by ischemic PC. Ischemic PC had no effect on the activity of epidermal growth factor receptor kinases, either at 5 or at 30 minutes. The activation of Src and Lck was completely abrogated by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor lavendustin A, given at doses that have previously been shown to block the protective effect of ischemic PC in this same conscious rabbit model, suggesting that Src and Lck kinases are essential for the development of ischemic PC. The activity of the epsilon isoform of protein kinase C (PKC) in the particulate fraction increased at 5 minutes (+72%) and at 30 minutes (+67%) after ischemic PC. Pretreatment with lavendustin A had no effect on the activation of PKCepsilon, whereas pretreatment with the PKC inhibitor chelerythrine (given at doses that have previously been shown to block ischemic PC) blocked not only the activation of PKCepsilon but also that of Src and Lck, indicating that Src and Lck are downstream of PKCepsilon in the signaling cascade of ischemic PC. This study identifies a new component of the signaling mechanism of ischemic PC. The results support the concept that, in conscious rabbits, 2 specific members of the Src family of tyrosine kinases, Src and Lck, play an important role in the genesis of late PC by serving as downstream elements of PKC-mediated signal transduction.
authors.affiliation: Experimental Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiology and the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville and Jewish Hospital Heart and Lung Institute, KY 40202, USA. ping@ntr.net
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ping
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Y T
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dawn
authors.forename: X L
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Balafanova
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bolli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D019860:Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck) / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D051744:Protein Kinase C-epsilon; D011817:Rabbits; D019061:src-Family Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D010636:Phenols; C062898:lavendustin A; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D019860:Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck); D019061:src-Family Kinases; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D051744:Protein Kinase C-epsilon