Scintigraphic assessment of pulmonary and whole-body blood flow patterns after surgical intervention in congenital heart disease.
Glenn shunt and Fontan procedure, the most widely used surgical procedures in congenital heart anomalies, may be associated with abnormal pulmonary blood flow patterns and the development of pulmonary arteriovenous fistulae.


METHODS
This study quantified pulmonary and whole-body blood flow using the microsphere technique by sequential injection of 99mTc microspheres into upper and lower limb veins and performing planar lung imaging in four projections and anterior and posterior whole-body scans in 46 patients with either Glenn shunt or Fontan procedure. The right-to-left shunt volume was estimated by a brain and kidneys-to-lungs ratio and compared with calculations from the whole-body scans.


RESULTS
In 31 of 46 patients, the blood from the superior vena cava was drained preferentially into the right lung (75%+/-19%). The inferior venous system was drained equally into both lungs. The right-to-left shunt volume was 24%+/-12% after injection into the superior caval system, 50%+/-18% after injection into the inferior caval system. A subgroup of patients who had undergone a palliative Blalock-Taussig shunt (BTS) before the final surgery showed a perfusion pattern that was not known after pulmonary angiography or contrast echocardiography: 15 of 24 patients with BTS had hypoperfusion of the upper lobe on the side of the BTS after injection into the arm vein and corresponding normal perfusion or hyperperfusion when injected into the foot vein.


CONCLUSIONS
Lung perfusion scintigraphy after tracer application into the superior and inferior caval systems detects more abnormal pulmonary blood flow patterns than contrast echocardiography and is the only procedure able to quantify right-to-left shunt volume individually for the superior and inferior caval systems. Thus, this diagnostic technique should be part of the routine follow-up in children after Glenn shunt or Fontan procedure.
Pruckmayer
M
M
University Clinic of Nuclear Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Vienna, Austria.
Zacherl
S
S
Salzer-Muhar
U
U
Schlemmer
M
M
Leitha
T
T
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001166:Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical; D001775:Blood Circulation; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018729:Fontan Procedure; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008863:Microspheres; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000601:surgery; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D013667:Technetium; D014683:Vena Cava, Superior / Q000601:surgery
D013667:Technetium