title: Absolute levels of MDR-1, MRP, and BCL-2 MRNA and tumor remission in acute leukemia.
abstract: Mononuclear cells prepared from peripheral blood or bone marrow of 119 AML and 28 ALL patients prior and following therapy were analyzed for absolute transcript levels of the chemoresistance genes mdr-1 and MRP, and the proto-oncogene bcl-2, by validated contamination-protected quantitative RT-PCR. In newly diagnosed AML mainly tumors of the granulocytic lineage (FAB M1-M2) expressed increased mdr-1 mRNA amounts. The MRP gene was expressed in all investigated samples without relation to a particular FAB class. High initial expression of both genes did not confer a poor prognosis even at high number of CD34+ cells. Data compared prior to and after therapy start (paired samples) revealed that AML patients who did not respond to therapy (NR) expressed increased levels of mdr-1 mRNA, as well as MRP and bcl-2 cDNA normalized to GAPDH reference transcripts, when compared to patients achieving complete remission (CR; p = 0.003, 0.008 and 0.0005, respectively). In ALL-NR the mdr-1 and bcl-2 genes were entirely more active after induction chemotherapy. Arbitrary cut-off values were established in order to delimit pathological from non-pathological gene expression. 59% of studied AML and 33% of ALL-NR exceeded the arbitrary values (mdr-1: > 2 amol/microgram RNA, MRP: > 10 zmol/amol GAPDH, bcl-2: > 5 zmol/amol GAPDH) for one and 11% of AML-NR for two parameters. Only 17% of the AML-CR and none of the ALL-CR group were above these limits. The results indicate that high individual activity of usually one, rarely two of the investigated genes might be associated with poor clinical outcome in treated acute leukemia.
authors.affiliation: University of Leipzig Medical School, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Köhler
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leiblein
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Borchert
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eller
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Rost
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lassner
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Krahl
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Helbig
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Remke
mesh_terms: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics*; D001752:Blast Crisis; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000473:pathology; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple / Q000235:genetics*; D019450:Genes, MDR; D019254:Genes, bcl-2; D006801:Humans; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D012074:Remission Induction; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C000715470:MAS1 protein, human