title: A combinatorial approach to the identification of dipeptide aldehyde inhibitors of beta-amyloid production.
abstract: In an effort to rapidly identify potent inhibitors of Abeta production and to probe the amino acid sequence specificity of the protease(s) responsible for the production of this peptide, a large number of dipeptide aldehydes were combinatorially synthesized and manually evaluated for their inhibitory properties. The starting point for this study was the dipeptide aldehyde carbobenzoxyl-valinyl-phenylalanal previously shown to inhibit the production of Abeta in CHO cells stably transfected with the cDNA encoding betaAPP695. Pools of related dipeptide aldehydes were combinatorially synthesized, and the most active pool was deconvoluted, resulting in the identification of the most active inhibitor of this pool. Systematic optimization of this inhibitor resulted in a series of dipeptide aldehydes with enhanced potencies relative to carbobenzoxyl-valinyl-phenylalanal. The most active dipeptide aldehydes were those that possessed hydrophobic amino acids at both the P1 and P2 positions. The most potent compound identified in this study was 3, 5-dimethoxycinnamamide-isoleucinyl-leucinal with an IC(50) of 9.6 microM, approximately 10-fold more active than carbobenzoxyl-valinyl-phenylalanal. In immunoprecipitation experiments using antibodies directed toward either Abeta1-40 or Abeta1-42, 3,5-dimethoxycinnamamide-isoleucinyl-leucinal, like carbobenzoxyl-valinyl-phenylalanal, preferentially inhibited the shorter 1-40 form of Abeta, whereas the longer 1-42 form was not as strongly inhibited. These results suggest that dipeptide aldehydes related to carbobenzoxyl-valinyl-phenylalanal inhibit Abeta through similar mechanisms and demonstrate the utility of a combinatorial synthesis approach to rapidly identify potent inhibitors of Abeta production.
authors.affiliation: Scios Inc., 820 West Maude Avenue, Sunnyvale, California 94086, USA. higaki@sciosinc.com
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Higaki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chakravarty
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bryant
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Cowart
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Harden
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Scardina
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mavunkel
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Luedtke
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cordell
mesh_terms: D000447:Aldehydes; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D016466:CHO Cells; D002460:Cell Line; D006224:Cricetinae; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008956:Models, Chemical; D019151:Peptide Library
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D004151:Dipeptides; D019151:Peptide Library