title: Dopamine and noradrenaline release in the prefrontal cortex of rats during classical aversive and appetitive conditioning to a contextual stimulus: interference by novelty effects.
abstract: Extracellular dopamine and noradrenaline concentrations in the medial prefrontal cortex were determined using online microdialysis in freely moving rats during classical appetitive or aversive conditioning to a contextual conditioned stimulus (CS). As CS we used placement in a Skinner box where either foot shocks or food pellets were delivered as unconditioned stimuli. In the aversive conditioning group we observed a conditioned increase in noradrenaline, but not in dopamine release, upon a final exposure to CS-alone. Other conditioned effects were possibly masked by the continued presence of novelty and handling effects of the transfer to the Skinner box.
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Institute for Brain Research, Graduate School Neurosciences, Amsterdam. m.feenstra@nih.knaw.nl
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Feenstra
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Teske
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Botterblom
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: De Bruin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003214:Conditioning, Classical / Q000502:physiology*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D004777:Environment; D006234:Handling, Psychological; D008297:Male; D017551:Microdialysis; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism*; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology
chemical_list: D004298:Dopamine; D009638:Norepinephrine