title: Ligation of CD28 in vivo induces CD40 ligand expression and promotes B cell survival.
abstract: Functional activation of T cells requires ligation of Ag receptors with specific peptides presented by MHC molecules on APCs concurrent with appropriate contacts of cell surface accessory molecules. Among these accessory molecules, interactions between CD28/CTLA-4 with B7 family members (CD80 and CD86) and CD40 with CD40 ligand (CD40L) play a decisive role in regulating the progression of balanced immune responses. However, most information regarding the role of accessory molecules in immune responses has been derived in the context of signals from the TCRs. Little understanding has been achieved regarding the consequence of ligation of costimulation molecules in absence of signals from the TCR. By employing an in vivo murine system, we show, herein, that ligation of CD28 alone with anti-CD28 Abs leads to a dramatic enlargement of the peripheral lymphoid organs characterized primarily by the expansion of B cells. B cells from anti-CD28-treated mice are resistant to spontaneous and anti-IgM-induced apoptosis. These cells are also unsusceptible to FasL-mediated apoptosis. Interestingly, this in vivo effect of CD28 on B cells is largely mediated by inducing the expression of CD40L, since coadministration of a blocking Ab against CD40L inhibited CD28-mediated B cell survival and expansion. Therefore, CD28-mediated expression of CD40L may play an important role in the regulation of lymphocyte homeostasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Jerome H. Holland Laboratory, American Red Cross, Rockville, MD 20855, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Radvanyi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Haudenschild
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Kehry
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019138:Antibodies, Blocking / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000276:immunology; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018106:CD28 Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D019013:CD40 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism*; D023201:CD40 Ligand; D002455:Cell Division / Q000276:immunology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000276:immunology; D007106:Immune Sera / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008024:Ligands; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018345:Mice, Knockout
chemical_list: D019138:Antibodies, Blocking; D018106:CD28 Antigens; D019013:CD40 Antigens; D007106:Immune Sera; D008024:Ligands; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D023201:CD40 Ligand