title: Interferons inhibit activation of STAT6 by interleukin 4 in human monocytes by inducing SOCS-1 gene expression.
abstract: Interferons (IFNs) inhibit induction by IL-4 of multiple genes in human monocytes. However, the mechanism by which IFNs mediate this inhibition has not been defined. IL-4 activates gene expression by inducing tyrosine phosphorylation, homodimerization, and nuclear translocation of the latent transcription factor, STAT6 (signal transducer and activator of transcription-6). STAT6-responsive elements are characteristically present in the promoters of IL-4-inducible genes. Because STAT6 activation is essential for IL-4-induced gene expression, we examined the ability of type I and type II IFNs to regulate activation of STAT6 by IL-4 in primary human monocytes. Pretreatment of monocytes with IFN-beta or IFN-gamma, but not IL-1, IL-2, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor, IL-6, or transforming growth factor beta suppressed activation of STAT6 by IL-4. This inhibition was associated with decreased tyrosine phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT6 and was not evident unless the cells were preincubated with IFN for at least 1 hr before IL-4 stimulation. Furthermore, inhibition by IFN could be blocked by cotreatment with actinomycin D and correlated temporally with induction of the JAK/STAT inhibitory gene, SOCS-1. Forced expression of SOCS-1 in a macrophage cell line, RAW264, markedly suppressed trans-activation of an IL-4-inducible reporter as well as IL-6- and IFN-gamma-induced reporter gene activity. These findings demonstrate that IFNs inhibit IL-4-induced activation of STAT6 and STAT6-dependent gene expression, at least in part, by inducing expression of SOCS-1.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cytokine Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Dickensheets
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Venkataraman
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schindler
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Donnelly
mesh_terms: D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D003609:Dactinomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000378:metabolism; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism*; D007372:Interferons / Q000378:metabolism*; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007700:Kinetics; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D050800:STAT6 Transcription Factor; D000071222:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins; D013997:Time Factors; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection; D014178:Translocation, Genetic
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018793:Interleukin-13; D015850:Interleukin-6; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C108944:SOCS1 protein, human; D050800:STAT6 Transcription Factor; C494101:STAT6 protein, human; D000071222:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D003609:Dactinomycin; D015847:Interleukin-4; D016899:Interferon-beta; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D007372:Interferons