title: Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium in cow manure and cow manure slurry.
abstract: An exponential linear destruction was observed for Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium in cattle manure and manure slurry stored at 4, 20 or 37 degrees C. The resulting decimal reduction times ranged from 6 days to 3 weeks in manure and from 2 days to 5 weeks in manure slurry. The main effects of time as well as temperature were pronounced with the most rapid destruction at 37 degrees C. The ammonia concentration in manure increased slightly during storage but did not exceed 0.1%. pH values in the deeper layers of manure remained constant except at 37 degrees C when the pH increased by 1 unit in 60 days. In the surface layers of manure, pH increased by 1.5-2 units, the oxidation-reduction potential of the manure declined rapidly to values below -200 mV. These changes do not seem to be reflected in changing rates of bacterial destruction. The observed order of destruction makes it possible to predict storage conditions (temperature and time) that will lead to a predetermined level of reduction of the two pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis 95616-8743, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Himathongkham
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bahari
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Riemann
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cliver
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D019453:Escherichia coli O157 / Q000254:growth & development*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008372:Manure / Q000382:microbiology*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000254:growth & development*; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D008372:Manure