title: Hemodynamic and metabolic alterations associated with intravenous infusion of a combination of adenosine triphosphate and magnesium chloride in conscious horses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine hemodynamic and metabolic effects of IV infusion of ATP-MgCl2 combination and maximal safe IV infusion rate in conscious horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  6 adult female horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  All horses received an IV infusion of ATP-MgCl2 combination, beginning at a rate of 0.05 mg of ATP/kg of body weight/min, which was increased by 0.05 mg/kg/min increments at 10-minute intervals until a rate of 1.0 mg/kg/min was achieved. Data were collected prior to the start of the infusion, at the end of each infusion rate, and at 15-minute intervals for the next hour after discontinuation of the infusion. Measured or calculated hemodynamic variables included cardiac output, cardiac index, heart rate, stroke volume, systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures, and systemic and pulmonary vascular resistances. Arterial blood gas tensions, CBC, plasma biochemical profiles, urine volume and specific gravity, and selected clinical signs of disease also were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intravenous infusion of ATP-MgCl2 significantly increased cardiac output, decreased systemic vascular resistance, and caused mild pulmonary hypertension. Magnitude of the hemodynamic alterations was dependent on rate of infusion. Maximal safe infusion rate for these horses was 0.3 mg/kg/min. All horses became lethargic, and their appetites diminished during the infusion; 5 horses had mild signs of abdominal discomfort. Flank sweating was observed in all horses as infusion rate increased. Urine volume and specific gravity and hematologic, biochemical, and arterial blood gas alterations were detected during and after infusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intravenous administration of ATP-MgCl2 in healthy, conscious, adult horses caused various metabolic and hemodynamic alterations that were without appreciable detrimental effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70803-8410, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tetens
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Bueno
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cornick-Seahorn
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hosgood
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Eades
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000662:veterinary; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis / Q000662:veterinary; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006736:Horses / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology* / Q000652:urine; D007260:Infusion Pumps / Q000662:veterinary; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D015636:Magnesium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D015636:Magnesium Chloride; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate