title: Effect of open label pulse cyclophosphamide therapy on MRI measures of disease activity in five patients with refractory relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the response to cyclophosphamide (CTX) of five patients who failed an average three treatments with multiple other therapeutic agents, using serial monthly MRI measures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) and documented MRI disease activity were started on monthly pulse intravenous CTX at a dose of 1 g/m2. CTX was administered without an induction phase according to the protocol similar to the treatment of lupus nephritis. The five patients were followed with monthly MRI and clinical evaluation for a mean of 28 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the patients showed a rapid reduction in the contrast-enhancing lesion frequency and in three patients there was a decrease in the T2 lesion load within the first 5 months after starting CTX treatment. The administration of CTX during overnight hospitalization was safe and well tolerated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that aggressive immunosuppressive therapy may be useful in some rapidly deteriorating refractory patients and further controlled study should be considered in order to full evaluate this type of treatment as a potential therapy in MS.
authors.affiliation: Neuroimmunology Branch of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1400, USA.
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Gobbini
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Richert
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: McFarland
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018450:Disease Progression; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D003520:Cyclophosphamide