title: The position and size of radiological nephrogram in Japanese preschool children.
abstract: The early detection of retroperitoneal masses in children, such as neuroblastoma, Wilm's tumor, hydronephrosis and cystic renal diseases, has a great clinical importance for the improvement of their prognosis. The kidney is often affected in its size or position by these lesions, and occasionally allows clinicians to find a clue to reach the correct diagnosis before the patient become symptomatic. Since we had no clinically available nomogram on the position and the size of the kidney in Japanese children, we measured the size and position of the kidneys on plain abdominal x-rays in 347 Japanese children in preschool years with a special attention to their relationship with the spine. As a result, the nomogram showed age dependent growth of the kidneys keeping almost the same ratio with the spine, while the distance between the upper pole of the kidney and the spine remained less than 10 mm in all age groups. Our nomogram may be useful not only for picking up the malposition of the kidneys but also for the follow up of the patients with chronic renal diseases affecting the growth of the kidneys.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, Akita University School of Medicine, Japan. kayaba@yukari.hos.akita-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kayaba
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chihara
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Urayama
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saitoh
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshino
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hebiguchi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kato
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007564:Japan; D007668:Kidney / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000254:growth & development; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D011859:Radiography; D012016:Reference Values; D013131:Spine / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000254:growth & development