title: Haptoglobin polymorphism and peripheral arterial occlusive disease.
abstract: Haptoglobin (Hp) 2-2 phenotype is a genetic risk factor in coronary atherosclerosis. In this study, haptoglobin phenotypes were determined in 141 patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) and compared to a reference population (n = 1000). The relative Hp1 allele frequency was decreased among PAOD patients (0.294 vs. 0.403 for the reference population, P < 0.01) due to an overrepresentation of the Hp 2-2 phenotype (50%, odds ratio 1.82 (95% C.I. 1.28-2.60), P < 0.001). This finding was even more pronounced in non-diabetic and in non-smoking PAOD patients (Hp1 allele frequencies: 0.265 and 0.228, respectively). Serum lipids, inflammatory parameters, and blood pressure levels were comparable among the Hp phenotypes, but serum levels of the antioxidant vitamin C were lower in Hp 2-2 patients than in patients with another phenotype (P < 0.05). In PAOD patients with severe atherosclerotic lesions, maximal walking distance of patients carrying a Hp 2-2 phenotype (225-525 m) exceeded that of other Hp phenotypes (50-242 m) (interquartile ranges) (P < 0.05). The findings demonstrate that, despite an increased risk for developing PAOD, the Hp 2-2 phenotype is associated with a longer maximal walking distance which might be attributed to the earlier reported in vitro angiogenic properties of the Hp 2-2 molecule.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Gent, Belgium. joris.delanghe@rug.ac.be
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Delanghe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Langlois
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Duprez
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Buyzere
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Clement
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D004592:Electrophoresis, Starch Gel; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006242:Haptoglobins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009391:Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; D010641:Phenotype; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D006242:Haptoglobins; D014280:Triglycerides; D005340:Fibrinogen; D002097:C-Reactive Protein