title: Vitamin D receptor genotype influences parathyroid hormone and calcitriol levels in predialysis patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  BsmI vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism has been associated with the severity of hyperparathyroidism in patients on hemodialysis. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of this polymorphism on parathyroid function and serum calcitriol levels in patients with different degrees of chronic renal failure (CRF) before dialysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 248 CRF patients, divided into three groups according to creatinine clearance (CCr; mild CRF group> 60 to </=85 ml/min, N = 54; moderate CRF group> 35 to </=60 ml/min, N = 113; severe CRF group> 10 to </=35 ml/min, N = 81), had their serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and calcitriol levels measured and BsmI genotype frequencies estimated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Diabetics, those on treatment with steroids, vitamin D or derivatives, and phosphorus binding agents were excluded. All those with serum calcium levels of <2.25 mmol/liter or> 2.5 mmol/liter and serum phosphorus levels of> 1.6 mmol/liter or who needed phosphorus binding agents were excluded. The statistical analysis was done with the general factorial analysis of variance entering first PTH and then calcitriol as the dependent variable; the genotype (BB, Bb and bb), sex and CCr group were defined as factors; and covariables included serum calcium, serum phosphorus, 1/creatinine versus time slope, PTH when calcitriol was the dependent variable, and calcitriol when PTH was the dependent variable.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When serum PTH levels were entered as the dependent variable, serum calcium, CCr group, and the interaction of genotype with the CCr group were found to be significant factors (P = 0.025, P <0.001 and P = 0.039, respectively). When serum calcitriol levels were entered as the dependent variable, genotype, the interaction of genotype with CCr, the CCr group, and the 1/creatine versus time slope were found to be significant (P = 0.027, P = 0.028, P <0.001 and P = 0.044, respectively). The marginal means of PTH, adjusted with the general factorial analysis of variance across the three groups were: (a) mild CRF group, BB 5.3 pmol/liter (CI 0 to 13.8), Bb 5.5 pmol/liter (CI 2 to 9), bb 5.4 pmol/liter (CI 0.6 to 10.2); (b) moderate CRF group, BB 6.2 pmol/liter (CI 1.5 to 10.9), Bb 7.8 pmol/liter (CI 5.3 to 10.3), bb 7.5 pmol/liter (CI 4.8 to 10.1); (c) severe CRF group, BB 9.3 pmol/liter (CI 4.2 to 14.3), Bb 17.1 pmol/liter (CI 13.9 to 20.2), bb 21.9 pmol/liter (CI 18.7 to 25.2). The marginal means of calcitriol adjusted with the general factorial analysis of variance across the three groups were: (a) mild CRF group, BB 47 pg/ml (CI 37 to 57), Bb 40.9 pg/ml (CI 37 to 44.8), bb 32.6 pg/ml (CI 26.8 to 38. 4); (b) moderate CRF group, BB 24.1 pg/ml (CI 18.3 to 29.8), Bb 26.6 pg/ml (CI 23.5 to 29.7), bb 25.3 pg/ml (CI 22 to 28.6); (c) severe CRF group, BB 27.4 pg/ml (CI 21.3 to 33.5), Bb 19.4 pg/ml (CI 15.5 to 23.2), bb 20.4 pg/ml (CI 16.1 to 24.7).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The progression of hyperparathyroidism is slower in predialysis patients with BB genotypes than in the other genotypes. Also, calcitriol levels are less reduced in the BB genotype, which may act to lessen the severity of secondary hyperparathyroidism.
authors.affiliation: Service of Nephrology, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Department of Medicine, University of Lleida, Spain.
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Marco
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Amoedo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Borràs
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saracho
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Almirall
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fibla
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fernández
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D006962:Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000235:genetics*; D006435:Renal Dialysis
chemical_list: D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; D002117:Calcitriol