Hypotension in patients with coronary disease: can profound hypotensive events cause myocardial ischaemic events?
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether anginal episodes might be related to extremes of hypotension in patients with ischaemic heart disease taking drugs to treat angina and heart failure.


METHODS
Observational study of patients with ischaemic heart disease attending an urban tertiary referral cardiology centre.


METHODS
A selected patient population was enrolled, having: angina on one or more hypotensive cardiovascular medications; hypotension on clinic or ambulatory measurement; and a resting ECG suitable for ambulatory monitoring. Patients had echocardiography, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, and Holter monitoring. Hypotension induced ischaemic (HII) events were defined as episodes of ST segment ischaemia occurring at least one minute after an ambulatory blood pressure measurement (systolic/diastolic) below 100/65 mm Hg during the day, or 90/50 mm Hg at night.


RESULTS
25 suitable patients were enrolled, and 107 hypotensive events were documented. 40 ST events occurred in 14 patients, of which a quarter were symptomatic. Fourteen HII events occurred in eight patients, with 13 of the 14 preceded by a fall in diastolic pressure (median diastolic pressure 57.5 mm Hg, interquartile range 11, maximum 72 mm Hg, minimum 45 mm Hg), and six preceded by a fall in systolic pressure (chi(2) = 11.9, p < 0.001). ST events were significantly associated with preceding hypotensive events (chi(2) = 40.2, p < 0.0001). Patients with HII events were more frequently taking multiple hypotensive drug regimens (8/8 v 9/17, chi(2) = 5.54, p = 0.022).


CONCLUSIONS
In patients with ischaemic heart disease and hypotension, symptomatic and silent ischaemia occurred in a temporally causal relation with hypotension, particularly for diastolic pressures, suggesting that patients with coronary disease may be susceptible to ischaemic events incurred as a result of low blood pressure caused by excessive hypotensive drug treatment.
Owens
P
P
Blood Pressure Unit, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. patrick.e.owens@man.ac.uk
O'Brien
E
E
D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000368:Aged; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001262:Atenolol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D017272:Celiprolol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D003971:Diastole; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004452:Echocardiography; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000150:complications; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease; D008297:Male; D008790:Metoprolol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000139:chemically induced*; D013015:Sotalol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use
D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001262:Atenolol; D013015:Sotalol; D017272:Celiprolol; D008790:Metoprolol