title: Fluoxetine blocks expression but not development of sensitization to morphine-induced oral stereotypy in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Repeated high doses of morphine in the rat cause stereotypic gnawing behavior that can be re-expressed by a low dose of morphine weeks and even months after the initial treatment. The determination of the role of serotonin in this sensitized morphine-induced behavior has both empirical and theoretical relevance.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the serotonin-reuptake blocker fluoxetine will block the development and/or the expression of this opiate-induced stereotypy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were given four 10-mg/kg injections of morphine alone or with 5.0 mg/kg fluoxetine over a 36-h period. At weekly intervals for 6 weeks after the last of the sensitizing morphine doses, all rats were challenged with 4.0 mg/kg morphine. At week 2 and week 4, however, the morphine was co-administered with fluoxetine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fluoxetine completely blocked the expression of the morphine-induced stereotypy; however, when the morphine/fluoxetine-treated rats were challenged with morphine alone, they expressed similar degrees of stereotypy as the rats that initially only received morphine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that increasing synaptic serotonin will block the expression but not the development of sensitization to the oral stereotypic effects of repeated high doses of morphine. Also, despite the complete blocking of the morphine effect by fluoxetine during the sensitization phase, the presence of significant biting by these rats during the challenge with morphine alone argues that conditioning factors are not a necessary component for the morphine sensitization to develop.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of New England, 11 Hills Beach Road, Biddeford, ME 04005, USA.
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Wennemer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kornetsky
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000502:physiology; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012701:Serotonin / Q000502:physiology; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019956:Stereotypic Movement Disorder / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D004298:Dopamine; D005473:Fluoxetine; D009020:Morphine; D012701:Serotonin; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors