title: The influence of female sex hormones on nasal reactivity in seasonal allergic rhinitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to investigate whether the hormone peaks of estrogen and progesterone could influence the extent of the allergic reaction in grass-pollen-allergic women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three allergic women with seasonal allergic rhinitis due to grass pollen were included in this trial. Twelve were taking oral contraceptives (OC) (control group), and 11 were taking no pill (target group). The subjects were challenged with grass pollen by nasal provocation test around day 14 of their menstrual cycle (ovulation day) and again at the end of the cycle (day 27). The primary criteria were the subjective nasal symptoms rhinorrhea, nasal blockage, itching, and sneezing. A further criterion was the objectively measured nasal mucosal swelling, assessed by active anterior rhinomanometry. All criteria were evaluated before and 15 min after provocation, and the hormone status was determined on each investigation day.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparisons of symptoms between the groups resulted in P values of > 0.05 for all symptoms at both visits except the symptom blocked nose, which was significantly lower (P=0.03) in the patients with OC intake at visit 2, and the symptom sneezing, which showed a significantly (P=0.02) higher increase in patients taking OC at the end of the cycle. The flow decrease reached a greater extent in the target group than in the controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate a correlation of the hormonal situation and the nasal allergic reactivity. OC intake led to an intensifying of neurogenic symptoms near the end of pill intake, a result which could be due to a protective effect of the endogenous progesterone, in contrast to the orally administered hormones.
authors.affiliation: ENT University Clinic, Department of Allergy, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: U P
authors.initials: UP
authors.lastname: Stübner
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gruber
authors.forename: U E
authors.initials: UE
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Toth
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Horak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D004967:Estrogens / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008597:Menstrual Cycle; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009299:Nasal Provocation Tests; D010060:Ovulation; D011374:Progesterone / Q000502:physiology*; D006255:Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; D004967:Estrogens; D011374:Progesterone