title: The ECG "lead I sign" in cardiac disease--an indicator of coexisting obstructive pulmonary disease.
abstract: Two patients with co-existing cardiac disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are described. The first patient had Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and the second patient had extensive anterior Q wave myocardial infarction. In addition to the distinctive ECG patterns of their cardiac abnormalities, both patients also showed the "lead I sign" which is a highly specific marker of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. These two patients suggest that even in the presence of cardiac disease, the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease should be strongly suspected when the "lead I sign" is present.
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Department, National University Hospital, Singapore.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Yip
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Chia
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D004562:Electrocardiography; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D008173:Lung Diseases, Obstructive / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014927:Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*