title: Effects of the long-acting monoamine reuptake inhibitor indatraline on cocaine self-administration in rhesus monkeys.
abstract: Cocaine is a nonselective monoamine reuptake inhibitor that is widely abused. Useful pharmacotherapies for cocaine dependence may include substitution medications that produce cocaine-like effects but have a slower onset and longer duration of action. Accordingly, the present study examined the effects of the long-acting, nonselective monoamine reuptake inhibitor indatraline in assays of cocaine discrimination and cocaine self-administration that have been used to evaluate other candidate treatment medications. In rhesus monkeys trained to discriminate cocaine (0.4 mg/kg) from saline, indatraline (0.1-1.0 mg/kg) produced a dose- and time-dependent substitution for cocaine. The effects of 1.0 mg/kg indatraline peaked after 30 min and lasted up to 24 h. In monkeys trained to self-administer 0.032 mg/kg/injection cocaine and food pellets during alternating daily sessions of cocaine and food availability, indatraline (0.0032-0.032 mg/kg/injection) maintained lower rates of responding than cocaine. Repeated treatments with indatraline (0.1-0.56 mg/kg/day) for 7 days produced dose-dependent and sustained decreases in cocaine self-administration across a broad range of cocaine doses (0.0032-0.1 mg/kg/injection), and the highest dose of indatraline (0.56 mg/kg/day) nearly eliminated cocaine-maintained responding. However, doses of indatraline that decreased cocaine self-administration also usually decreased rates of food-maintained responding and produced behavioral stereotypies and trends toward weight loss and mild anemia. These findings suggest that although indatraline may decrease cocaine-taking behavior in rhesus monkeys, it also produces undesirable side effects that may limit its clinical utility in the treatment of cocaine dependence.
authors.affiliation: Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Center, Harvard Medical School-McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA. negus@mclean.org
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Negus
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Brandt
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Mello
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D003042:Cocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy; D004193:Discrimination Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007189:Indans / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D012646:Self Administration
chemical_list: D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D007189:Indans; C045117:Lu 19005; D003042:Cocaine