title: Intestinal permeability and diarrhoeal disease in Aboriginal Australians.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Northern Territory Aboriginal children hospitalised with acute gastroenteritis have high rates of acidosis, hypokalaemia, and dehydration.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether Aboriginal children with and without diarrhoea have greater impairment in intestinal function than non-Aboriginal children, as assessed by increased permeability ratios.
  
  
  METHODS
  A descriptive study of 124 children (96 Aboriginal and 28 non-Aboriginal) hospitalised with and without diarrhoea. Intestinal permeability was assessed by the lactulose to rhamnose (L-R) ratio from a five hour urine collection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Aboriginal children, mean L-R ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 18.3 (17.1 to 19.6) with diarrhoea and 9.0 (7.3 to 11.0) without diarrhoea, and in non-Aboriginal children they were 5.9 (2.8 to 12. 3) and 4.2 (3.3 to 5.2), respectively. In patients with diarrhoea, L-R ratios were significantly raised when accompanied by acidosis (mean, 22.8; 95% CI, 17.0 to 30.5), hypokalaemia (mean, 20.7; 95% CI, 15.4 to 27.9), and >/= 5% dehydration (mean, 24.3; 95% CI, 19.0 to 29.6) compared with none of these complications (mean, 7.0; 95% CI, 3.5 to 13.8).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high incidence of acidosis, hypokalaemia, and dehydration in Aboriginal children admitted with diarrhoeal disease is related to underlying small intestinal mucosal damage.
authors.affiliation: NHMRC Centre of Clinical Excellence in Aboriginal Health, NT Clinical School, Flinders University and Royal Darwin Hospital, PO Box 41326, Casuarina, Darwin, NT 0811, Australia.
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Kukuruzovic
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haase
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bright
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Brewster
mesh_terms: D000138:Acidosis / Q000208:ethnology; D003681:Dehydration / Q000208:ethnology; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D007008:Hypokalemia / Q000208:ethnology; D007223:Infant; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000502:physiology*; D007792:Lactulose / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D015876:Northern Territory / Q000208:ethnology; D010539:Permeability; D012210:Rhamnose / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents; D007792:Lactulose; D012210:Rhamnose