title: Multiple signaling pathways of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor in protection from apoptosis.
abstract: The type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R), activated by its ligands, protects several cell types from a variety of apoptotic injuries. The main signaling pathway for IGF-1R-mediated protection from apoptosis has been previously elucidated and rests on the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Akt/protein kinase B, and the phosphorylation and inactivation of BAD, a member of the Bcl-2 family of proteins. In 32D cells (a murine hemopoietic cell line devoid of insulin receptor substrate 1 [IRS-1]), the IGF-1R activates alternative pathways for protection from apoptosis induced by withdrawal of interleukin-3. One of these pathways leads to the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase, while a third pathway results in the mitochondrial translocation of Raf and depends on the integrity of a group of serines in the C terminus of the receptor that are known to interact with 14.3.3 proteins. All three pathways, however, result in BAD phosphorylation. The presence of multiple antiapoptotic pathways may explain the remarkable efficacy of the IGF-1R in protecting cells from apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Peruzzi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prisco
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dews
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Salomoni
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grassilli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Calabretta
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baserga
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011972:Receptor, Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D012694:Serine / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1; D011972:Receptor, Insulin; D012694:Serine; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein