title: The umbilical fold approach to pyloromyotomy: is it a safe alternative to the right upper-quadrant approach?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis has been approached using two standard incisions for pyloromyotomy: the circumumbilical (UMB) and the right upper quadrant (RUQ). The UMB approach produces an almost undetectable scar but has been associated with more complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 5-year retrospective analysis was performed on 344 patients (90 UMB and 254 RUQ) to compare technical and wound complications. The effect of prophylactic antibiotics on wound infection was also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intraoperative complication rate was 5.5% (13.3% UMB versus 2.8% RUQ; p = 0.001). The mucosal perforation rate was 3.5% (8.9% UMB versus 1.6% RUQ; p = 0.003). Mucosal perforations increased the mean +/- SD length of hospitalization in UMB patients (3.9 +/- 0.8 versus 2.4 +/- 1.1 days; p < 0.001). The serosal tear rate was 2.0% (4.4% UMB versus 1.2% RUQ; p=0.08). The postoperative complication rate was 5.8% (14.4% UMB versus 2.8% RUQ; p < 0.001), and the wound infection rate was 2.6% (6.7% UMB versus 1.2% RUQ; p = 0.01). Antibiotic prophylaxis decreased the rate of wound infection to 1.8% and eliminated the statistical difference between the groups (4.5% UMB versus 0% RUQ; p=0.16). The rate of other postoperative complications was 3.2% (7.8% UMB versus 1.6% RUQ; p = 0.009). Duration of hospital stay did not differ between the groups overall (2.6+/-1.12 days for UMB versus 2.7+/-1.5 days for RUQ; p = 0.35).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The UMB approach to pyloromyotomy was cosmetically superior but increased complication rates. Technical complications were easily corrected and length of stay was not affected. Wound infections were decreased in both groups by the use of prophylactic antibiotics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Childrens Hospital, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Leinwand
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Shaul
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011707:Pyloric Stenosis / Q000601:surgery*; D011708:Pylorus / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000517:prevention & control; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014472:Umbilicus