title: The Agincourt demographic and health study--site description, baseline findings and implications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present baseline results from first-phase demographic and health surveillance in the Agincourt field site, Bushbuckridge. To contrast findings with international data, and comment on their relevance to health development.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multi-round, prospective community-based study. Baseline census, 1992.
  
  
  METHODS
  A subdistrict in South Africa's rural north-east, adjacent to the border with Mozambique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Entire population of the Agincourt subdistrict.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline variables for each resident included age, sex, months spent at home during 1991, mother alive/dead, highest educational standard achieved, and refugee status. A full demographic profile was constructed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 1992 the subdistrict contained 57,609 persons, 26.4% of whom were Mozambican, with a population density of 148 persons per km2. Forty-four per cent were under 15 years of age, and the dependency ratio was 93%. Fertility was declining, along with a moderate decline in adult female mortality. The approximate total fertility rate was 4.0; teenage parenting was common and almost 40% of 19-year-olds had at least one child. Over 60% of men and 14% of women in the 30-49-year age group were migrants, resulting in a high proportion of single-parent households. Despite improvements, most children experienced delays in reaching primary school, and less than half made the transition to secondary school. Educational levels among Mozambican children were lower than those of local children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Agincourt contains a complex mix of communities comprising migrant workers, Mozambicans and a more stable permanent population. The area shares features with sub-Saharan Africa, although the mortality and fertility transitions have progressed further. Reliable, local information is essential for managing decentralised health systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Tollman
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Herbst
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garenne
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Gear
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kahn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D003153:Community Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D003710:Demography; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility; D006285:Health Planning / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008428:Maternal Mortality; D011156:Population Density; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012423:Rural Health; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013019:South Africa; D014171:Transients and Migrants