title: Aberrant nodulation response of Vigna umbellata to a Bradyrhizobium japonicum NodZ mutant and nodulation signals.
abstract: The (Brady)rhizobium nodulation gene products synthesize lipo-chitin oligosaccharide (LCO) signal molecules that induce nodule primordia on legume roots. In spot inoculation assays with roots of Vigna umbellata, Bradyrhizobium elkanii LCO and chemically synthesized LCO induced aberrant nodule structures, similar to the activity of these LCOs on Glycine soja (soybean). LCOs containing a pentameric chitin backbone and a reducing-end 2-O-methyl fucosyl moiety were active on V. umbellata. In contrast, the synthetic LCO-IV(C16:0), which has previously been shown to be active on G. soja, was inactive on V. umbellata. A B. japonicum NodZ mutant, which produces LCO without 2-O-methyl fucose at the reducing end, was able to induce nodule structures on both plants. Surprisingly, the individual, purified, LCO molecules produced by this mutant were incapable of inducing nodule formation on V. umbellata roots. However, when applied in combination, the LCOs produced by the NodZ mutant acted cooperatively to produce nodulelike structures on V. umbellata roots.
authors.affiliation: Center for Legume Research, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996-0845, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cohn
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stokkermans
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Kolli
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Day
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dunlap
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stacey
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D020369:Bradyrhizobium / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000382:microbiology*; D005647:Fucosyltransferases / Q000235:genetics*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000382:microbiology; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D013559:Symbiosis
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C023023:lipid-linked oligosaccharides; D005647:Fucosyltransferases; C103941:NodZ protein, bacteria