title: A multimedia intervention on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and advance directives.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effects of a multimedia educational intervention about advance directives (ADs) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on the knowledge, attitude and activity toward ADs and life-sustaining treatments of elderly veterans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective randomized controlled, single blind study of educational interventions.
  
  
  METHODS
  General medicine clinic of a university-affiliated Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred seventeen Veterans, 70 years of age or older, deemed able to make medical care decisions.
  
  
  METHODS
  The control group (n = 55) received a handout about ADs in use at the VAMC. The experimental group (n = 62) received the same handout, with an additional handout describing procedural aspects and outcomes of CPR, and they watched a videotape about ADs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients' attitudes and actions toward ADs, CPR and life-sustaining treatments were recorded before the intervention, after it, and 2 to 4 weeks after the intervention through self-administered questionnaires. Only 27.8% of subjects stated that they knew what an AD is in the preintervention questionnaire. This proportion improved in both the experimental and control (87.2% experimental, 52.5% control) subject groups, but stated knowledge of what an AD is was higher in the experimental group (odds ratio = 6.18, p <.001) and this effect, although diminished, persisted in the follow-up questionnaire (OR = 3.92, p =. 003). Prior to any intervention, 15% of subjects correctly estimated the likelihood of survival after CPR. This improved after the intervention in the experimental group (OR = 4.27, p =.004), but did not persist at follow-up. In the postintervention questionnaire, few subjects in either group stated that they discussed CPR or ADs with their physician on that day (OR = 0.97, p = NS).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We developed a convenient means of educating elderly male patients regarding CPR and advance directives that improved short-term knowledge but did not stimulate advance care planning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Galecki
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Goold
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Hogikyan
mesh_terms: D016223:Advance Directives; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000193:education*; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019212:Multimedia; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires