title: Coronary flow reserve early and late after minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with totally occluded left anterior descending coronary artery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The impairment of flow reserve of the left anterior descending coronary artery in the early postoperative period in patients receiving a left internal thoracic artery graft has been related to the effects of cardiopulmonary bypass. Indeed, the late improvement in flow has been attributed to a late increase in left internal thoracic artery diameter.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 12 patients who underwent minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass surgery with the internal thoracic artery used to graft an occluded left anterior descending artery without extracorporeal circulation. Early and 6 months after the operation, patients underwent a second angiogram of the left internal thoracic artery graft and assessment of coronary flow reserve by use of an intracoronary 0.014-inch Doppler guide wire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the late study, coronary flow reserve had increased compared with the early postoperative data from 1.8 +/- 0.4 (standard deviation) to 2.5 +/- 0.6 (P =.002) because of a significant decrease in baseline averaged peak velocity (32.4 +/- 6.2 vs 21.3 +/- 6.4 cm/s, P =.002), whereas the hyperemic values were similar (51 +/- 6 vs 53.7 +/- 21.9 cm/s, P =.6). The diameters of the thoracic artery (2.1 +/- 0.3 vs 2.2 +/- 0.3 mm, P =. 7) and the left anterior descending coronary artery (1.8 +/- 0.1 vs 1.8 +/- 0.2 mm, P =.5), as well as myocardial oxygen consumption (106 +/- 14 vs 101 +/- 16 mm Hg. beats/min. 10(-2), P =.5), were unchanged.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that the late improvement in coronary flow reserve is independent of the diameter of the graft and probably reflects an early distal coronary vessel dysfunction, which normalizes with time.
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Surgery Division, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De Paulis
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tomai
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gaspardone
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Colagrande
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nardi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghini
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Versaci
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Penta de Peppo
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Gioffrè
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chiariello
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006940:Hyperemia / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D013895:Thoracic Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000637:transplantation