title: Ibuprofen combined with antibiotics suppresses renal scarring due to ascending pyelonephritis in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In acute pyelonephritis renal scarring may be decreased by immediate antibiotic therapy. Unfortunately in children there is often a delay in starting treatment, which increases the likelihood of renal scarring. In rodents immediate antibiotic therapy is effective for preventing renal scar formation resulting from experimentally induced pyelonephritis. However, the same treatment beginning 72 hours after infection does not prevent renal scarring in this paradigm. We examined whether delayed administration of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent ibuprofen only or combined with antibiotics suppresses renal scarring in a model of ascending pyelonephritis in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  An inoculum of 5x10(9) organisms per ml. of Escherichia coli strain BH-5 was instilled into the bladder of rats and the urethra was occluded for 4 hours. Groups of animals were and were not treated with 15 mg./kg. cefadroxil or 10 mg./kg. ibuprofen given twice daily for 5 days, or the 2 drugs combined. Treatment began 72 hours after inoculation. In an additional group of rats sterile phosphate buffered saline was instilled into the bladder. In each rat the kidneys were examined grossly and microscopically 6 weeks later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Combined antibiotics and ibuprofen significantly inhibited gross renal scarring compared with no treatment or antibiotics only (p<0.05). No difference in renal scarring was detected in animals that received no treatment versus those that received antibiotics or ibuprofen only (p>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Renal scarring resulting from acute pyelonephritis in this rat model is not decreased by delayed treatment with antibiotics only. The addition of ibuprofen to antibiotic therapy is effective for decreasing renal scarring due to acute pyelonephritis even when treatment is delayed for 72 hours.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Urology, Schneider Children's Hospital, New York, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hom
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kushner
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Franco
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011704:Pyelonephritis / Q000150:complications*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D007052:Ibuprofen