title: Treatment of xerostomia with the bile secretion-stimulating drug anethole trithione: a clinical trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Saliva protects the oral mucosa, inhibiting microbial overgrowth. Hyposalivation, therefore, induces multiple oral disorders, although treatment of hyposalivation is very difficult.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cholagogue, anethole trithione (AT) was administered to patients with symptomatic hyposalivation (xerostomia) caused by senile hypofunction (4 men and 17 women; senile group), medications (6 men and 17 women; drug group), and oral cancer therapy (two men and three women; cancer group). For control groups, an artificial saliva was administered to 45 patients consisting of senile hypofunction (10 men and 16 women), drug-induced xerostomia (3 men and 10 women) and oral cancer therapy-induced xerostomia (four men and two women).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two weeks after administration of AT (6 tablets per day), both nonstimulated salivary flow rate (SFR) and stimulated SFR increased in a statistically significantly manner from 0.76 +/- 0.41 and 5.18 +/- 3.02 to 1.54 +/- 1.33 (P<0.05) and 9.07 +/- 4.10 mL/10 min (P<0.05), respectively. Of the three groups, the drug group showed the largest increases in both SFRs, from 0.90 +/- 0.54 and 6.29 +/- 4.12 to 1.69 +/- 1.65 and 12.09 +/- 5.10 mL/10 min (P<0.05 and P<0.02, respectively). Patients in the control group had almost constant SFRs. After AT administration, the salivary viscosity was, however, mildly decreased and concentrations of secretory-immunoglobulin A, lactoferrin, potassium, and chloride in nonstimulated saliva were almost constant. Corresponding with the increase of salivation, oral discomfort and inflammation were improved or resolved in 41 patients of the AT group within about 4 weeks, whereas improvement was observed in only nine patients of the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that AT sufficiently stimulates salivation and improves xerostomia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku-city, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakane
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arisawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoneda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Osaki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000781:Anethole Trithione / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002756:Cholagogues and Choleretics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism; D012464:Saliva, Artificial / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012472:Salivation / Q000187:drug effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014783:Viscosity; D014987:Xerostomia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D002756:Cholagogues and Choleretics; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; D000781:Anethole Trithione