title: Curvilinear areas in the perinephric fat seen on MR images.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  On magnetic resonance (MR) images, strands correspond to curvilinear areas running in the perinephric fat, and haloes to those lying on the renal surface. Our aim was to examine the diagnostic significance and histopathological basis of these areas.
  
  
  METHODS
  MR images obtained in 46 patients without renal disease and 96 patients with renal disease were assessed for the signal intensity and extent of strands and haloes, and their degree of right-left asymmetry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Strands usually revealed low signal intensity on T1-weighted MR images and high signal intensity on fat-suppressed T2-weighted images and contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed T1-weighted images. Haloes revealed high signal intensity on fat-suppressed T2-weighted images, but most of haloes were not clearly depicted on T1-weighted images or contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed T1-weighted images. Strands and haloes were common and usually symmetrical or only mildly asymmetrical in both patient groups. However, in 11 of the 96 patients with renal disease, prominent strands and/or haloes appeared with remarkable asymmetry and likely represented definite changes in the perinephric fat. At histopathology, vascular loose fibrous tissue was found at the sites of strands and haloes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Strands and haloes usually represent normal anatomical variations. However, the presence of prominent strands or haloes with remarkable right-left asymmetry implies abnormality and may provide additional information in the evaluation of renal disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Monzawa
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Schnall
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000473:pathology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space / Q000473:pathology