title: The effect of early handling is dependent upon the state of the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) pups around nursing.
abstract: We investigated the behavior toward humans in 4-week-old pups and adult rabbits handled daily at different times around the nursing visits during their 1st week of life. The timing of handling significantly influenced its efficiency in altering the subsequent behavior of rabbits. Animals handled around nursing readily approached a human hand when tested at weaning. Other pups, handled either 6, 12, or 18 hr after nursing, avoided the human hand. Our results show that there is a narrow sensitive period for successful stimulation, because only those rabbits that were handled within the interval starting 15 min before and ending 30 min after nursing became tame. The effect of early handling proved to be long-lasting because nonhandled rabbits tested as adults were afraid of humans and showed behavioral elements of avoidance, while the handled ones behaved fearlessly in the open field. The effect of handling proved to be specific toward humans because both handled and nonhandled animals showed avoidance toward a stuffed fox.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ethology, Eötvös Loránd University, Göd, Jávorka S. u. 14., H-2131, Hungary.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pongrácz
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Altbäcker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning; D005239:Fear; D005260:Female; D006234:Handling, Psychological; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011817:Rabbits / Q000523:psychology*; D012931:Social Environment; D013391:Sucking Behavior; D013997:Time Factors