title: Angiotensin-converting enzyme and matrix metalloproteinase inhibition with developing heart failure: comparative effects on left ventricular function and geometry.
abstract: The progression of congestive heart failure (CHF) is left ventricular (LV) myocardial remodeling. The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) contribute to tissue remodeling and therefore MMP inhibition may serve as a useful therapeutic target in CHF. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition favorably affects LV myocardial remodeling in CHF. This study examined the effects of specific MMP inhibition, ACE inhibition, and combined treatment on LV systolic and diastolic function in a model of CHF. Pigs were randomly assigned to five groups: 1) rapid atrial pacing (240 beats/min) for 3 weeks (n = 8); 2) ACE inhibition (fosinopril, 2.5 mg/kg b.i.d. orally) and rapid pacing (n = 8); 3) MMP inhibition (PD166793 2 mg/kg/day p.o.) and rapid pacing (n = 8); 4) combined ACE and MMP inhibition (2.5 mg/kg b.i.d. and 2 mg/kg/day, respectively) and rapid pacing (n = 8); and 5) controls (n = 9). LV peak wall stress increased by 2-fold with rapid pacing and was reduced in all treatment groups. LV fractional shortening fell by nearly 2-fold with rapid pacing and increased in all treatment groups. The circumferential fiber shortening-systolic stress relation was reduced with rapid pacing and increased in the ACE inhibition and combination groups. LV myocardial stiffness constant was unchanged in the rapid pacing group, increased nearly 2-fold in the MMP inhibition group, and was normalized in the ACE inhibition and combination treatment groups. Increased MMP activation contributes to the LV dilation and increased wall stress with pacing CHF and a contributory downstream mechanism of ACE inhibition is an effect on MMP activity.
authors.affiliation: Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: McElmurray
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: New
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Sampson
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Hendrick
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hallak
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Zile
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Spinale
mesh_terms: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000378:metabolism*; D019338:Polypharmacy; D011897:Random Allocation; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: C370242:(R)-2-(4'-bromo-biphenyl-4-sulfonyl-amino)-3-methyl-butyric acid; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D009842:Oligopeptides; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A