title: [Oral ulcers induced by nicorandil: prevalence and clinicopathological aspects].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The first observations of "giant buccal aphthosis" induced by nicorandil were published in 1996. Nicorandil is a potassium channel activator used in the treatment of angina pectoris, which seems to induce specific buccal ulcerations. The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinicopathologic data of patients with aphthosis induced by nicorandil and to study the prevalence of this side effect.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have seen 3 patients who spontaneously consulted, and 5 patients who were addressed to us after a telephone survey. We have then examined 100 consecutive patients treated by nicorandil for at least 1 month, who were hospitalized in 3 departments of cardiology in Strasbourg, and 100 age- and sex-matched controls who were treated by other antianginal drugs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our 8 patients suffered from large, chronic and painful ulcerations of a 4-week duration, located on the tongue, the gingiva and the cheeks despite various symptomatic treatments. In one case, histopathologic data were consistent with an eosinophilic ulcer. Prospective study: among 100 patients treated by nicorandil, 5 had unusual chronic buccal ulcerations, whereas none of the 100 controls had aphthosis (p = 0.03). The confidence interval (99 p. 100) of this side effect prevalence was therefore 1 p. 100 to 14 p. 100.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nicorandil can induce large and painful buccal ulcerations with severe dysphagia, weight loss, and depression. Dermatologists should be aware of this particular side-effect, since our study showed a high prevalence, and because lesions heal rapidly after withdrawal of nicorandil. Why nicorandil may be associated with mouth ulcers remains unanswered. A past history of aphthae could be a cofactor of this side-effect.
authors.affiliation: Clinique Dermatologique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marquart-Elbaz
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lipsker
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grosshans
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cribier
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000188:drug therapy; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002610:Cheek / Q000473:pathology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology; D004802:Eosinophilia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005882:Gingival Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020108:Nicorandil / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019226:Oral Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000187:drug effects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014060:Tongue Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D015221:Potassium Channels; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D020108:Nicorandil