title: Intrathecal morphine for coronary artery bypass graft procedure and early extubation revisited.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the dose of intrathecal (IT) morphine (along with the intraoperative baseline anesthetic) that provides significant analgesia yet does not delay extubation in the immediate postoperative period in patients undergoing cardiac surgery and early extubation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass graft procedure and early extubation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients received 10 microg/kg of IT morphine, and 20 patients received IT placebo. Perioperative anesthetic management was standardized and included postoperative patient-controlled morphine analgesia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the patients tracheally extubated during the immediate postoperative period, mean time to extubation was similar in patients who received IT morphine (6.8+/-2.8 h) or IT placebo (6.5+/-3.2 h). Four patients who received IT morphine had extubation substantially delayed because of prolonged ventilatory depression. There was no difference between groups in postoperative patient-controlled morphine analgesia use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even when used in conjunction with an intraoperative baseline anesthetic that allows early extubation, IT morphine (10 microg/kg) was unable to provide substantial postoperative analgesia. The risks of using IT morphine in patients undergoing cardiac surgery and early extubation may outweigh the potential benefits.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Chaney
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Nikolov
authors.forename: B P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Blakeman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bakhos
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016058:Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D009020:Morphine