title: The mechanism of phosphorylation-inducible activation of the ETS-domain transcription factor Elk-1.
abstract: Protein phosphorylation represents one of the major mechanisms for transcription factor activation. Here we demonstrate a molecular mechanism by which phosphorylation by mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases leads to changes in transcription factor activity. MAP kinases stimulate DNA binding and transcriptional activation mediated by the mammalian ETS-domain transcription factor Elk-1. Phosphorylation of the C-terminal transcriptional activation domain induces a conformational change in Elk-1, which accompanies the stimulation of DNA binding. C-terminal phosphorylation is coupled to activation of DNA binding by the N-terminal DNA-binding domain via an additional intermediary domain. Activation of DNA binding is mediated by an allosteric mechanism involving the key phosphoacceptor residues. Together, these results provide a molecular model for how phosphorylation induces changes in Elk-1 activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, The Medical School, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shore
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Willingham
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lakey
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Sharrocks
mesh_terms: D000494:Allosteric Regulation; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011487:Protein Conformation; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D050807:ets-Domain Protein Elk-1
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D050807:ets-Domain Protein Elk-1; D004247:DNA; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases