title: Compromised OX40 function in CD28-deficient mice is linked with failure to develop CXC chemokine receptor 5-positive CD4 cells and germinal centers.
abstract: Mice rendered deficient in CD28 signaling by the soluble competitor, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated molecule 4-immunoglobulin G1 fusion protein (CTLA4-Ig), fail to upregulate OX40 expression in vivo or form germinal centers after immunization. This is associated with impaired interleukin 4 production and a lack of CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR)5 on CD4 T cells, a chemokine receptor linked with migration into B follicles. Germinal center formation is restored in CTLA4-Ig transgenic mice by coinjection of an agonistic monoclonal antibody to CD28, but this is substantially inhibited if OX40 interactions are interrupted by simultaneous injection of an OX40-Ig fusion protein. These data suggest that CD28-dependent OX40 ligation of CD4 T cells at the time of priming is linked with upregulation of CXCR5 expression, and migration of T cells into B cell areas to support germinal center formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, University of Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gulbranson-Judge
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Flynn
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brocker
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Raykundalia
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goodall
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Förster
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lipp
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lane
mesh_terms: D000069594:Abatacept; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000276:immunology; D018106:CD28 Antigens / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D002452:Cell Count; D002465:Cell Movement; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D018858:Germinal Center / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D016167:Integrin alphaXbeta2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D019041:L-Selectin / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D054380:Receptors, CXCR5; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine / Q000276:immunology*; D053262:Receptors, OX40; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology; D018127:Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7 / Q000276:immunology*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D018106:CD28 Antigens; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C556706:CTLA4 protein, human; C095085:CXCR5 protein, human; C513179:CXCR5 protein, mouse; C556707:Ctla4 protein, mouse; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D016167:Integrin alphaXbeta2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D054380:Receptors, CXCR5; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine; D053262:Receptors, OX40; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C505716:TNFRSF4 protein, human; C505717:Tnfrsf4 protein, mouse; D018127:Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7; D019041:L-Selectin; D000069594:Abatacept