title: Frequency and characterization of antigen-specific IL-4- and IL-13- producing basophils and T cells in peripheral blood of healthy and asthmatic subjects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Both basophils and T cells are known to secrete IL-4 and IL-13 after activation with either nonspecific stimuli or specific antigen, but the relative contribution of these 2 cell types to overall cytokine production is unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To further characterize basophil cytokine production and compare it with that of T cells, we examined the frequency of IL-4- and IL-13-producing basophils and T cells in human PBMCs by means of flow cytometry after activation in allergic asthmatic and normal subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  PBMCs obtained from whole blood after Percoll gradient were activated with specific antigen or ionomycin and fixed. PBMCs were made permeable; stained with antibodies to IgE, CD3, and either IL-4 or IL-13; and analyzed by means of flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preformed cytokines were not detected in unactivated basophils. After ionomycin activation, 60% to 90% of basophils from both control and allergic asthmatic subjects expressed IL-4 and IL-13. Specific antigen induced cytokine expression by 10% to 20% of basophils from the asthmatic group only. After specific antigen activation, basophils accounted for 4 times more IL-4-producing cells than did T cells. IL-4 and IL-13 production at 2 hours was exclusively from basophils. After allergen activation, CD40 ligand was upregulated on a subset of peripheral blood basophils.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data demonstrate that basophils are the predominant peripheral blood cells that express IL-4 and IL-13 in the first 6 hours after antigen activation and strengthen the putative role of basophils both in IgE production and in the generation of allergic inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1881, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Devouassoux
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Metcalfe
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Prussin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000485:Allergens / Q000494:pharmacology; D001249:Asthma / Q000097:blood*; D001491:Basophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D023201:CD40 Ligand; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000378:metabolism*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D012882:Skin Tests; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D006023:Glycoproteins; D018793:Interleukin-13; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D023201:CD40 Ligand; D015847:Interleukin-4; C059296:Fel d 1 protein, Felis domesticus