title: Mini-detachable snare ligation for the treatment of esophageal varices.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We manufactured and studied the usefulness of a newly designed mini-detachable snare in the treatment of esophageal varices. The use of a multiple rubber band ligator, although generally effective and well tolerated, has certain limitations, including high cost, reduced visual field, and inadvertent band release.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a prospective randomized controlled trial of the use of mini-detachable snare ligation vs. multiple band ligation in patients with recent or active esophageal variceal bleeding. The outcomes assessed were immediate hemostasis and rates of recurrent bleeding, eradication, and recurrence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From March 1997 to October 1998, 103 patients were entered into this trial; 46 underwent mini-detachable snare ligations and 57 multiple band ligations. Among patients with active bleeding, hemostasis was achieved in 6 of 7 (86%) in the mini-detachable snare ligation group and 11 of 13 (85%) in multiple band ligation group. Recurrent bleeding after initial treatment occurred in 2 of 46 (5.5%) in the mini-detachable snare ligation group and 3 of 57 (5.3%) in the multiple band ligation group. Esophageal varices were eradicated or reduced to grade I in 4.8 +/- 2.1 and 4.5 +/- 1.9 sessions in the mini-detachable snare ligation group and multiple band ligation group, respectively. The recurrence rate was 5 of 46 (11%) and 6 of 57 (11%) in the mini-detachable snare ligation group and multiple band ligation group during a follow-up period of 6 and 16 months, respectively. No serious complication occurred in either group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mini-detachable snare is a new device that provides safe and effective treatment for esophageal varices that is comparable to multiple band ligation.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Digestive Research, Digestive Disease Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Soon Chun Hyang University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Y T
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Y D
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D004867:Equipment Design; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D004945:Esophagoscopy; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D006488:Hemostasis, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008026:Ligation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D013997:Time Factors