title: The use of long-term defunctionalized bladder in renal transplantation: is it safe?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluation of the use of defunctionalized bladder in renal transplantation, concerning surgical complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  In order to assess the complication rate of ureteral reimplantation in long-term defunctionalized bladder, we compared 20 patients on haemodialysis for more than 15 years (group I) with another 20 patients on haemodialysis for less than 5 years (group II). None of these patients had renal failure due to urological causes or neurogenic bladder. Non-stented extravesical ureteroneocystostomy was done routinely in all patients except 1 in group II who underwent Politano-Leadbetter ureteroneocystostomy and 7 patients in group I who underwent Politano-Leadbetter (3 patients) and pyelo-ureteral anastomosis using the recipient's native ureter (4 patients). The amount of residual urine was insignificant (<100 cm(3)) in both groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean postoperative bladder catheterization period was 7.8 days in group I and 4.2 days in group II. Postoperative urinary tract infections were observed in 9 cases of group I and in 4 cases of group II. No surgical complications occurred in patients of group II, while there were 6 patients with surgical complications in group I: stenosis after a pyelo-ureteral anastomosis (1 case), stenosis after a ureterovesical anastomosis with Politano-Leadbetter technique (1 case), urinary fistulae (3 cases; 1 with Politano-Leadbetter ureteroneocystostomy and 2 cases with pyelo-ureteral anastomosis), and vesico-ureteral reflux (1 case with Politano-Leadbetter ureteroneocystostomy). These 6 cases had the lowest bladder capacity (30-150 cm(3)) among our 40 patients. Graft losses were comparable between the two groups and were not due to surgical complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Small defunctionalized bladders can be used in kidney transplantation, but it may represent an increased surgical risk due to difficulty in performing ureteral reimplantation.
authors.affiliation: Service d'Urologie et Chirurgie de la Transplantation, Hôpital Edouard-Herriot, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aboutaieb
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soliman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: el Essawy
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dawahra
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lefrancois
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D008134:Long-Term Care; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014513:Ureter / Q000637:transplantation*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014546:Urinary Catheterization; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods