title: The expression of genes in the ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway is increased in skeletal muscle from patients with cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The intracellular mechanisms of muscle cachexia in patients with cancer are not known. To assess the role of the ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway in cancer-induced muscle breakdown, we determined messenger RNA levels for ubiquitin and several 20S proteasome subunits in muscle from patients undergoing surgery for cancer
  
  
  METHODS
  A biopsy specimen was obtained from the rectus abdominis muscle in patients undergoing laparotomy for cancer (n = 6) or noncancer disease (n = 6). Tissue levels of mRNA for ubiquitin and the 20S proteasome subunits HC3, HC5, HC7, and HC9 were determined by dot blot analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mRNA levels for ubiquitin and the 20S proteasome subunits were 2 to 4 times higher in muscle from patients with cancer than in muscle from control patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report of increased expression of genes in the ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway in muscle tissue from patients with cancer. Cancer-induced muscle catabolism may at least in part reflect ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent protein breakdown.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0558, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: P O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Hasselgren
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D002100:Cachexia / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases / Q000235:genetics*; D017931:DNA Primers; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D005260:Female; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000235:genetics*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D014452:Ubiquitins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014452:Ubiquitins; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex