title: Removal of low concentrations of carbon tetrachloride in compost-based biofilters operated under methanogenic conditions.
abstract: Research was performed to demonstrate the removal of carbon tetrachloride (CT) using compost biofilters operated under methanogenic conditions. Biofilters were operated at an empty-bed residence time of 2.8 minutes using nitrogen as the atmosphere. Hydrogen and carbon dioxide were supplied as an electron donor and carbon source, respectively, during acclimation of the bed medium microbes. Once methanogenesis was demonstrated, CT flow to the biofilter was established. Biofilters were operated over a CT concentration range from 20 to 700 ppbv for 6 months. Bed medium microbes were able to remove up to 75% of the inlet CT. At excessively high CT concentrations (> 500 ppmv), methane production and hydrogen utilization by the bed medium microbes appeared to be inhibited. CT removal by the biofilter decreased when the hydrogen supply was removed from the biofilter inlet, indicating that hydrogen acted as the electron donor for reductive dechlorination. The removal efficiency and relatively low empty bed residence times demonstrated by these laboratory-scale biofilters indicate that anaerobic biofiltration of CT may be a feasible full-scale process.
authors.affiliation: Lockheed-Martin Idaho Technologies Company, Biotechnologies Department, Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho Falls, USA.
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Apel
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005374:Filtration; D008697:Methane / Q000378:metabolism*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride; D008697:Methane