Characterization of stromelysin 1 (MMP-3), matrilysin (MMP-7), and membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) derived fibrin(ogen) fragments D-dimer and D-like monomer: NH2-terminal sequences of late-stage digest fragments.
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) participate in physiological remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Recently we determined that both fibrinogen (Fg) and cross-linked fibrin (XL-Fb) are substrates for selected MMPs. Specifically, XL-Fb clots were solubilized by MMP-3 (stromelysin 1) by cleavage at gamma Gly 404-Ala 405, resulting in a D-like monomer fragment. Similarly, MMP-7 (matrilysin) and MT1-MMP (membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase) solubilized XL-Fb clots. However, the molecular mass of fragment D-dimer, obtained after MMP-7 and MT1-MMP degradation of XL-Fb, is similar to that of fragment D-dimer from plasmin degradation ( approximately 186 kDa). In contrast, fragment D-like monomer, from MMP-3 degradation of both fibrinogen (Fg) and XL-Fb, is similar to fragment D from plasmin degradation of Fg ( approximately 94 kDa). Reduced chains from MMP-3, MMP-7, and MT1-MMP digests of Fg and XL-Fb were subjected to direct sequence analyses and D/D-dimer alpha-chain showed cleavage at both alpha Asp 97-Phe 98 and alpha Asn 102-Asn 103. Degradation of the beta-chain resulted in microheterogeneity of cleavage sites at beta Asp 123-Leu 124, beta Asn 137-Val 138, and beta Glu 141-Tyr 142, whereas all three enzymes cleaved the gamma-chain at gamma Thr 83-Leu 84. In both Fg and XL-Fb, several cleavage sites obtained by proteolysis with MMP-3, MMP-7, and MT1-MMP were found to be in very close proximity to those obtained by plasmin on these same substrates. That does not occur with other MMPs such as MMP-1, -2, and -9 and MT2-MMP. The degradation of XL-Fb by MMPs suggests both plasmin-dependent and independent mechanisms of fibrinolysis that might be relevant in inflammation, angiogenesis, arthritis, and atherosclerosis.
Bini
A
A
Laboratory of Blood Coagulation Biochemistry, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York 10021, USA. abini@nybc.org
Wu
D
D
Schnuer
J
J
Kudryk
B J
BJ
D001665:Binding Sites; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000378:metabolism; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism; D005341:Fibrinolysin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D015151:Immunoblotting; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D020783:Matrix Metalloproteinase 7 / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D020539:Sequence Analysis, Protein; D013997:Time Factors
D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C036309:fibrin fragment D; C011468:fibrinmonomer; D005340:Fibrinogen; D005341:Fibrinolysin; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3; D020783:Matrix Metalloproteinase 7; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1