title: Dummy use, thumb sucking, mouth breathing and cot death.
abstract: In the Netherlands a case control study into cot death was undertaken as part of the European Concerted Action on sudden infant death syndrome. Children between 1 week and 2 years of age who died suddenly and unexpectedly were reported. Non cot death cases were excluded after a consensus by three pathologists. The study comprised 73 cot death cases and two controls per case, matched for date of birth. Compared to national data, the coverage was 91%. We investigated whether in the Netherlands new risk or preventive factors might have emerged. The present report focuses on the relative risks of dummy use, thumb sucking, breast versus bottle feeding, and sleeping with the mouth open.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dummy use seems to be an important preventive factor for cot death in the Netherlands, independent of other risk factors such as prone sleeping and bedding. We recommend dummy use at least for bottle-fed infants. We found no indication that dummies influence the frequency or duration of breast feeding but more data are needed. Mouth breathing appears to be associated with an increased risk for cot death, but again further research is needed.
authors.affiliation: University Medical Centre Utrecht/Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: L'Hoir
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Engelberts
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: van Well
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Damsté
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Idema
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Westers
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Mellenbergh
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Wolters
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huber
mesh_terms: D001903:Bottle Feeding; D001942:Breast Feeding; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D005386:Fingersucking; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008348:Manikins; D009058:Mouth Breathing; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors; D013398:Sudden Infant Death / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control