title: Comparison of naive sixth-grade children with trained professionals in the use of an automated external defibrillator.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is strongly influenced by time to defibrillation. Wider availability of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) may decrease response times but only with increased lay use. Consequently, this study endeavored to improve our understanding of AED use in naive users by measuring times to shock and appropriateness of pad location. We chose sixth-grade students to simulate an extreme circumstance of unfamiliarity with the problem of OHCA and defibrillation. The children's AED use was then compared with that of professionals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With the use of a mock cardiac arrest scenario, AED use by 15 children was compared with that of 22 emergency medical technicians (EMTs) or paramedics. The primary end point was time from entry onto the cardiac arrest scene to delivery of the shock into simulated ventricular fibrillation. The secondary end point was appropriateness of pad placement. All subject performances were videotaped to assess safety of use and compliance with AED prompts to remain clear of the mannequin during shock delivery. Mean time to defibrillation was 90+/-14 seconds (range, 69 to 111 seconds) for the children and 67+/-10 seconds (range, 50 to 87 seconds) for the EMTs/paramedics (P<0.0001). Electrode pad placement was appropriate for all subjects. All remained clear of the "patient" during shock delivery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  During mock cardiac arrest, the speed of AED use by untrained children is only modestly slower than that of professionals. The difference between the groups is surprisingly small, considering the naïveté of the children as untutored first-time users. These findings suggest that widespread use of AEDs will require only modest training.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Gundry
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Comess
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: DeRook
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jorgenson
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Bardy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001331:Automation; D002648:Child; D004554:Electric Countershock / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D004634:Emergency Medical Technicians / Q000193:education; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D013997:Time Factors