title: Beneficial effects of propionyl L-carnitine on sarcolemmal changes in congestive heart failure due to myocardial infarction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Earlier studies have revealed sarcolemmal (SL) defects in congestive heart failure due to myocardial infarction; however, the mechanisms of SL changes in the failing heart are poorly understood. Since congestive heart failure is associated with various metabolic abnormalities including a deficiency of carnitine, we examined the effects of propionyl L-carnitine, a carnitine derivative, in animals with congestive heart failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  For this purpose, heart failure in rats was induced by occluding the coronary artery and 3 weeks later the animals were treated with 100 mg/kg (i.p. daily) propionyl L-carnitine for 4 weeks. The sham control group received saline injections. The animals were assessed for their left ventricular function. SL membranes were examined for Na(+)-K+ ATPase, Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange and adenylate cyclase activities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A marked improvement in the attenuated left ventricular function of the experimental animals was seen upon treatment with propionyl L-carnitine. The SL adenylyl cyclase activities in control, untreated failing hearts and treated failing hearts were 590 +/- 36, 190 +/- 22 and 320 +/- 21 pmol cAMP/mg/10 min, whereas the SL Na(+)-K+ ATPase activities were 35.7 +/- 2.8, 22.5 +/- 2.4 and 30.1 +/- 2.8 mumol Pi/mg/h, respectively. Furthermore, the SL Na(+)-dependent Ca(2+)-uptake activity, which decreased in the failing hearts (4.6 +/- 0.4 vs. 9.3 +/- 0.7 nmol Ca2+/mg/2 s for control), was improved (6.8 +/- 0.5 nmol Ca2+/mg/2 s) significantly following treatment with propionyl L-carnitine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that metabolic therapy with propionyl L-carnitine may attenuate defects in the SL membrane and thus may improve heart function in congestive heart failure due to myocardial infarction.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sethi
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Dhalla
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Ganguly
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Dhalla
mesh_terms: D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002331:Carnitine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012508:Sarcolemma / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D019831:Sodium-Calcium Exchanger / Q000187:drug effects; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D019831:Sodium-Calcium Exchanger; C003223:propionylcarnitine; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; D002331:Carnitine; D002118:Calcium