title: A cell line-based neutralization assay for primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates that use either the CCR5 or the CXCR4 coreceptor.
abstract: We describe here a cell line-based assay for the evaluation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) neutralization. The assay is based on CEM.NKR cells, transfected to express the HIV-1 coreceptor CCR5 to supplement the endogenous expression of CD4 and the CXCR4 coreceptor. The resulting CEM.NKR-CCR5 cells efficiently replicate primary HIV-1 isolates of both R5 and X4 phenotypes. A comparison of the CEM.NKR-CCR5 cells with mitogen-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in neutralization assays with sera from HIV-1-infected individuals or specific anti-HIV-1 monoclonal antibodies shows that the sensitivity of HIV-1 neutralization is similar in the two cell types. The CEM.NKR-CCR5 cell assay, however, is more convenient to perform and eliminates the donor-to-donor variation in HIV-1 replication efficiency, which is one of the principal drawbacks of the PBMC-based neutralization assay. We suggest that this new assay is suitable for the general measurement of HIV-1 neutralization by antibodies.
authors.affiliation: The Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trkola
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ketas
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24 / Q000032:analysis; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D009500:Neutralization Tests / Q000379:methods*; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000378:metabolism*; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000378:metabolism*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D015704:CD4 Antigens; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24; D019713:Receptors, CCR5; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4