title: Purification and inhibition by quinolones of DNA gyrases from Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium fortuitum bv. peregrinum.
abstract: The DNA gyrases from Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium fortuitum bv. peregrinum, which are species naturally resistant, moderately susceptible and susceptible to fluoroquinolones, respectively, were purified by affinity chromatography on novobiocin-Sepharose columns. The DNA gyrase inhibiting activities (IC50 values) of classical quinolones and fluoroquinolones were determined from the purified enzymes and were compared to the corresponding antibacterial activities (MICs). Regarding M. fortuitum bv. peregrinum, which is nearly as susceptible as Escherichia coli, the corresponding MIC and IC50 values of quinolones were significantly lower than those found for M. avium and M. smegmatis (e.g. for ofloxacin, MICs of 0.25 versus 32 and 1 microg ml(-1), and IC50 values of 1 versus 8 and 6 microg ml(-1), respectively). Such a result could be related to the presence of Ser-83 in the quinolone-resistance-determining region of the gyrase A subunit of M. fortuitum bv. peregrinum, as found in wild-type E. coli, instead of Ala-83 in M. avium and M. smegmatis, as found in fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli mutants. The IC50 values of quinolones against the M. avium and M. smegmatis DNA gyrases were similar, while the corresponding MICs were 32-fold higher for M. avium when compared to M. smegmatis, suggesting that an additional mechanism, such as a low cell wall permeability or a drug efflux, could contribute to the low antibacterial potency of quinolones against M. avium.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Recherche Moléculaire sur les Antibiotiques (LRMA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI), Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, 91 Bd de l'Hôpital, 75634 Paris Cédex 13, France1.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Guillemin
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Recherche Moléculaire sur les Antibiotiques (LRMA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI), Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, 91 Bd de l'Hôpital, 75634 Paris Cédex 13, France1.
authors.forename: Wladimir
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sougakoff
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Recherche Moléculaire sur les Antibiotiques (LRMA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI), Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, 91 Bd de l'Hôpital, 75634 Paris Cédex 13, France1.
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cambau
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Recherche Moléculaire sur les Antibiotiques (LRMA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI), Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, 91 Bd de l'Hôpital, 75634 Paris Cédex 13, France1.
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Revel-Viravau
authors.affiliation: LRMA, Faculté de Médecine, Broussais-Hôtel Dieu, 75005 Paris, France2.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Moreau
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Recherche Moléculaire sur les Antibiotiques (LRMA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI), Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, 91 Bd de l'Hôpital, 75634 Paris Cédex 13, France1.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jarlier
mesh_terms: D042462:4-Quinolones; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004278:DNA, Superhelical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009161:Mycobacterium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology*; D009162:Mycobacterium avium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D019907:Mycobacterium fortuitum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D020102:Mycobacterium smegmatis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D059005:Topoisomerase II Inhibitors
chemical_list: D042462:4-Quinolones; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D004278:DNA, Superhelical; D059005:Topoisomerase II Inhibitors; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II