title: Randomized trial of informed consent and recruitment for clinical trials in the immediate preoperative period.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The standard process of obtaining informed consent sometimes prevents physicians or patients from participating in clinical trials, partly because they are concerned about eventual treatment allocation or the physician is concerned the patient might harbor some uncertainty about the best treatment. Alternative randomization methods have been advocated that may address these and other concerns.
  
  
  METHODS
  After institutional ethics committee gave its approval, the authors interviewed 770 patients before operation and asked them to consider enrolling in a mock anesthesia trial. Patients were allocated randomly to one of five methods of randomization and consent: one-sided informed consent (the most common approach), prerandomized consent to experimental treatment, prerandomized consent to standard treatment, one-sided physician-modified informed consent, or one-sided patient-modified informed consent. Recruitment rates were compared and sociodemographic and perioperative predictors of recruitment were identified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The randomization method did not result in any significant difference in recruitment rates: one-sided informed consent, 55.6%; prerandomized consent to experimental treatment, 53.3%; prerandomized consent to standard treatment, 53%; one-sided physician-modified informed consent, 60.7%; and one-sided patient-modified informed consent, 56.7% (P = 0.66). Multivariate predictors of recruitment were patient age >45 yr (odds ratio, 1.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08 to 1.93), English-speaking at home (1.49; 1.0 to 2.21), and male researcher-male patient interaction (1.37; 1.20 to 1.57).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No evidence emerged that alternative randomization and consent designs resulted in increased recruitment rates compared with simple one-sided informed consent for a sham anesthesia trial in patients awaiting elective surgery. Older, male patients were more likely to provide consent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. p.myles@alfred.org.au
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Myles
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Fletcher
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cairo
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Madder
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McRae
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Devonshire
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Machlin
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moloney
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Downey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010344:Patient Advocacy; D018579:Patient Selection; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D016312:Treatment Refusal