title: Vascular changes in hepatocellular carcinoma: correlation of radiologic and pathologic findings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to analyze the hemodynamic properties and vascular supply changes in the carcinogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten nodules (nine patients) (one early, three early-advanced, and six advanced cases of hepatocellular carcinoma) less than 3 cm in diameter were selected from 45 patients (50 nodules) who underwent CT arteriography and CT during arterial portography. These images were correlated with histopathologic findings. Ratios of all microscopically counted (normal hepatic and abnormal) arteries, normal hepatic arteries, and portal veins in each nodule to those in the surrounding liver were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Early hepatocellular carcinoma (one early case and early areas in three early-advanced cases) had low attenuation on CT arteriography and isoattenuation on CT during arterial portography. Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (six advanced cases and advanced areas in three early-advanced cases) had high attenuation on CT arteriography and low attenuation on CT during arterial portography. In early hepatocellular carcinoma, the ratios of all arteries, normal hepatic arteries, and portal veins were 1.21 +/- 0.07, 0.60 +/- 0.07, and 0.73 +/- 0.06, respectively. In advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, the ratios were 2.66 +/- 0.26, 0.08 +/- 0.04, and 0.07 +/- 0.03, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In early hepatocellular carcinoma, the combination of normal hepatic artery degeneration and preserved portal veins results in low attenuation on CT arteriography and isoattenuation on CT during arterial portography. In advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, the combination of neoplastic (abnormal) arterial development by angiogenesis and obliteration of portal veins results in high attenuation on CT arteriography and low attenuation on CT during arterial portography. These findings are a characteristic difference between early and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tajima
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kajiyama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuroiwa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshimitsu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Irie
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aibe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Masuda
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000792:Angiography; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006499:Hepatic Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed