title: Virtual reality based surgery simulation for endoscopic gynaecology.
abstract: Virtual reality (VR) based surgical simulator systems offer very elegant possibilities to both enrich and enhance traditional education in endoscopic surgery. However, while a wide range of VR simulator systems have been proposed and realized in the past few years, most of these systems are far from able to provide a reasonably realistic surgical environment. We explore the basic approaches to the current limits of realism and ultimately seek to extend these based on our description and analysis of the most important components of a VR-based endoscopic simulator. The feasibility of the proposed techniques is demonstrated on a first modular prototype system implementing the basic algorithms for VR-training in gynaecologic laparoscopy.
authors.affiliation: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Székely
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bajka
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brechbühler
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dual
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Enzler
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Haller
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hug
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hutter
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ironmonger
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kauer
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Meier
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Niederer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rhomberg
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schweitzer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thaler
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vuskovic
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tröster
mesh_terms: D003196:Computer Graphics; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004548:Elasticity; D004724:Endoscopy; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006176:Gynecology / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D014584:User-Computer Interface