title: Anatomic review and topographic diagnosis.
abstract: Neuro-ophthalmologic disorders affecting the afferent and efferent visual systems are frequently encountered by neurosurgeons in clinical practice. This article focuses on aspects of neuroanatomy that are most important to the diagnosis of afferent and efferent visual pathway lesions. The use of optic disc and fundus appearance, visual fields, and ocular motility and pupillary findings are emphasized in the discussions of topographic diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Balcer
mesh_terms: D005123:Eye / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D015835:Ocular Motility Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009901:Optic Nerve Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014795:Visual Pathways / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000503:physiopathology