title: Xenon does not trigger malignant hyperthermia in susceptible swine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Xenon is a noble gas with anesthetic properties currently under investigation for use in humans. This study was performed to evaluate whether xenon may trigger malignant hyperthermia in susceptible swine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine malignant hyperthermia-sensitive swine (Pietrain) were initially anesthetized with pentobarbital and then ventilated with 70% xenon in oxygen for 2 h. Heart rate, mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, body temperature, arterial and mixed-venous blood gases, and plasma catecholamine and lactate levels were measured every 10 min both during xenon-oxygen ventilation and after a 30-min xenon washout phase followed by subsequent administration of halothane (1% inspired) and succinylcholine (3 mg/kg intravenous). During the investigation, no malignant hyperthermia-specific therapy was instituted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Xenon exposure did not induce any changes in metabolic and hemodynamic parameters nor elevations of the plasma catecholamine levels indicative for an episode of malignant hyperthermia. By contrast, in all animals, within 20 min after the administration of halothane and succinylcholine, fulminant and fatal malignant hyperthermia episodes were initiated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors conclude that xenon does not trigger malignant hyperthermia in susceptible swine.
authors.affiliation: Universitätsklinik für Anästhesiologie, Universität Ulm, Germany. gebhard.froeba@medizin.uni-ulm.de
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Froeba
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Marx
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pazhur
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Baur
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baeder
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Calzia
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Eichinger
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Radermacher
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Georgieff
mesh_terms: D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000235:genetics; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000187:drug effects; D003545:Cysteine / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006221:Halothane / Q000009:adverse effects; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006720:Homozygote; D008305:Malignant Hyperthermia / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation; D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel / Q000235:genetics; D013552:Swine; D014978:Xenon / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel; D014978:Xenon; D001120:Arginine; D003545:Cysteine; D006221:Halothane