title: T1762/A1764 variants of the basal core promoter of hepatitis B virus; serological and clinical correlations in Chinese patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A double variant in the basal core promoter, converting nucleotide 1762 from A to T (T1762) and nucleotide 1764 from G to A (A[764), has been described in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection. Its prevalence and significance in Chinese chronic HBV carriers are unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 177 Chinese patients with chronic HBV infection (chronic hepatitis/asymptomatic: 89/88; hepatitis B e antigen positive/negative: 84/93). The double variant was detected by mismatched polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The reliability of this method was verified by sequencing in 41 serum samples with 100% matching.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The double variant T1762/ A1764 was found in 52 of 89 patients with chronic hepatitis, but in only 6 of 59 asymptomatic carriers (p<0.001). The prevalence was significantly lower in hepatitis B e antigen positive patients (23/84) than in hepatitis B e antigen negative patients (35/64) (p<0.005). Precore variant, A1896 was detected in 40 individuals; 31 of them suffered from chronic hepatitis and 9 were asymptomatic (p<0.001). A combination of both variants T1762/A1764 and A1896 was seen in 3 of 59 asymptomatic and 22 of 89 patients with chronic hepatitis (p<0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mismatched polymerase chain reaction with restriction fragment length polymorphism provides a reliable, easy and fast method for detection of the presence of the T1762/A1764 variant. In Chinese chronic hepatitis B carriers, T1762/A1764 variant was associated with both active liver disease and hepatitis B e antigen negativity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Disease, Nanfang Hospital, The First Medical College of PLA, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Carman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001483:Base Sequence; D002681:China / Q000208:ethnology; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006513:Hepatitis B e Antigens / Q000097:blood; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000208:ethnology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D014758:Viral Core Proteins / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004279:DNA, Viral; D006513:Hepatitis B e Antigens; D014758:Viral Core Proteins