title: Long-term effects of corticosteroid nasal spray on nasal inflammatory cells in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effect of long-term topical nasal corticosteroid therapy on nasal inflammatory cells is unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the long-term effect of fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray (FPANS) on nasal mucosal inflammatory cells and efficacy in a 1-year study in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a 1-year, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of duration we investigated the influence of a topical corticosteroid (FPANS), on Langerhans' cells (CD1a+ cells), T cells, mast cells, eosinophils and macrophages in nasal mucosa in 42 patients with perennial allergic rhinitis. Efficacy was evaluated by nasal symptom score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The FPANS group experienced significantly less sneezing and nasal itching compared with the placebo group. The total symptom score in the FPANS group declined significantly in comparison with baseline (P = 0.007) and placebo group (P = 0.009). After 1 year of active treatment, a significant decrease was seen in the epithelium in numbers of Langerhans' cells, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ cells, mast cells and eosinophils. In the lamina propria, there was a significant decrease in eosinophils.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings show that FPANS treatment results in a decrease of nasal inflammatory cells. Furthermore, the efficacy of FPANS improves after prolonged treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Holm
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Godthelp
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Fokkens
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Severijnen
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Mulder
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Vroom
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rijntjes
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D000730:Androstadienes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D000068298:Fluticasone; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D006801:Humans; D007801:Langerhans Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D012221:Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000730:Androstadienes; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D000068298:Fluticasone