title: Solid-phase microextraction gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method for the determination of inhalation anesthetics in urine.
abstract: Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) has been applied to the headspace sampling of inhalation anesthetics (i.e. nitrous oxide, isoflurane and halothane) in human urine. Analysis was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using a capillary column with a divinylbenzene porous polymeric stationary phase. A SPME divinylbenzene-Carboxen-polydimethylsiloxane coated fiber, 2 cm long, was used, and its performances were compared with those of a Carboxen-PDMS in terms of sensitivity, extraction efficiency, extraction time, fiber coating-urine distribution coefficient. For both fibers, linearity was established over four orders of magnitude, limits of detection were below 100 ng/l for nitrous oxide and below 30 ng/l for halogenated. Precision calculated as %RSD was within 3-13% for all intra- and inter-day determinations. The method was applied to the quantitative analysis of anesthetics in the urine of occupationally exposed people (operating room personnel).
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Clinica Medica, Nefrologia e Scienze della Prevenzione, Università degli Studi di Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Poli
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bergamaschi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Manini
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Andreoli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mutti
mesh_terms: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000652:urine*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D006221:Halothane / Q000652:urine; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000652:urine; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000652:urine; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012492:Salts; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D012492:Salts; D007530:Isoflurane; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D006221:Halothane