title: Heterocyclic analogues of L-citrulline as inhibitors of the isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and identification of N(delta)-(4,5-dihydrothiazol-2-yl)ornithine as a potent inhibitor.
abstract: L-Thiocitrulline is a known potent inhibitor of several isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). To explore the structure-activity relationships (SARs) for this molecule in more depth than has previously been reported, three analogues substituted at the sulphur of the isothioureas have been synthesised. In two of these, the S-substituent was 'tied back' sterically by cyclisation to the nitrogen remote from the amino-acid unit. N(delta)-(4,5-Dihydrothiazol-2-yl)ornithine was identified as an inhibitor of rat inducible and constitutive isoforms of NOS and of a constitutive NOS derived from a human tumour xenograft. Analogous N(delta)-(thiazol-2-yl)ornithines were less active, whereas the corresponding N(delta)-(oxazol-2-yl)ornithine and N(delta)-(pyrimidin-2-yl)ornithine failed completely to inhibit NOS. A new efficient preparation of the critical synthetic intermediate, N(alpha)-Boc-thiocitrulline t-butyl ester, has been developed. Further exploration of the SAR with 2-amino-5-(heterocyclylthio)pentanoic acids (synthesised from 2-(Boc-amino)-5-bromopentanoic acid t-butyl ester), with N-(4-aminobutyl)thiourea and with 2-(4-aminobutylamino)-4,5-dihydrothiazole enabled refinement of our previous model for binding of the substrate, L-arginine, and the inhibitors to NOS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ulhaq
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Chinje
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Naylor
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jaffar
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Stratford
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Threadgill
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002956:Citrulline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D009952:Ornithine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D016339:Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; C122193:N(delta)-(4,5-dihydrothiazol-2-yl)ornithine; D013844:Thiazoles; D002956:Citrulline; D009952:Ornithine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase