title: ATM immunolocalization in mouse neuronal endosomes: implications for ataxia-telangiectasia.
abstract: Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is a human disorder with pleiotropic manifestations that include neoplasms, immune dysfunction and neurodegeneration. The disorder is due to mutations in the gene known as ATM (A-T, mutated), which causes a deficiency in its protein product (Atm in mice) that is necessary for DNA damage surveillance. This nuclear function of Atm explains in principle the propensity to cancer and immunodeficiency in A-T, but not the neurodegeneration which results in the earliest clinical manifestations and causes progressive disability. Here we report ultrastructural evidence of cytoplasmic localization of Atm-like immunoreactivity (ALI) within endosomes in murine cerebellocortical neurons, one of the principal targets of A-T. The ALI was obtained with two separate monoclonal antibodies that recognize Atm specifically. By contrast, electron-dense endosomes that could be confused with ALI occur in negligible amounts in both wild-type mice and in mice deficient in Atm ("knockout" mice). Furthermore, there was a marked preferential distribution of Atm-immunopositive endosomes in the granule cell layer - where they are present in granule neurons - with a much lower density in the Purkinje and molecular layers. These observations suggest that endosome-bound Atm may be more important for the function of certain neurons than others - or that it is processed differently among them - and that this protein may be involved in molecular sorting in the cytoplasm. This is relevant to elucidating the role of Atm deficiency in the pathobiology of neurodegeneration in A-T.
authors.affiliation: Research and Neurology Services, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center at Miami, Division of Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, University of Miami, Medical School, FL 33125-1693, USA. rkuljis@mednet.med.miami.edu
authors.forename: R O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Kuljis
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: E Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Aguila
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001260:Ataxia Telangiectasia / Q000235:genetics*; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002525:Cerebellar Cortex / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D011992:Endosomes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D016253:Microscopy, Immunoelectron; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; C576324:ATM protein, human; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; C576325:Atm protein, mouse; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases