title: A PET study of D(1)-like dopamine receptor ligand binding during altered endogenous dopamine levels in the primate brain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several positron emission tomography (PET) studies have shown that radioligand binding to D(2)-like dopamine receptors competes with endogenous dopamine.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this PET study was to examine the effect of amphetamine and reserpine on D(1)-like dopamine receptor binding.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three Cynomolgus monkeys were examined with the radioligands [(11)C]SCH 23390 or [(11)C]NNC 112 at baseline condition and after pretreatment with amphetamine (2 mg/kg IV). The B/F values (binding potential) in the striatum and the neocortex were calculated at transient equilibrium. In two monkeys, the effect of the long-lasting dopamine depletion after reserpine (1 mg/kg IV) was followed by a repeated Scatchard procedure in up to 77 days after drug administration. The Scatchard analysis was based on two PET measurements with high and low specific radioactivity and allowed the calculation of D(1)-like dopamine receptor density (B(max)) and apparent affinity (K(D)(app)).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The effect of amphetamine on the B/F values was between -14 and 6%. These changes can be considered as within the range of the test-retest reliability. Thus, there was no evident effect of amphetamine-induced dopamine release on D(1)-like dopamine receptor binding. Five hours after reserpine administration, there was no change in B(max) or K(D)(app). At 3, 23, and 28 days after reserpine administration, the Scatchard analyses indicated a 13-20% reduction in B(max) without any evident change in K(D)(app) in both the striatum and the neocortex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The lack of evident effects of amphetamine and reserpine on D(1)-like dopamine receptor binding is markedly different from the 20% amphetamine-induced decrease and 50% reserpine-induced increase that has been consistently reported for D(2)-like dopamine receptor binding. The data indicated that D(1)-like dopamine receptor occupancy of endogenous dopamine is low at physiological condition. It is thus unlikely that D(1)-like dopamine receptor radioligands can be used to measure changes in the concentration of endogenous dopamine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychiatry Section, Karolinska Hospital, S-17176 Stockholm, Sweden. yuanhc@psyk.ks.se
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Karlsson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Halldin
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Olsson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Farde
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000661:Amphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001552:Benzazepines / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D004298:Dopamine / Q000502:physiology*; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000378:metabolism; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D008024:Ligands; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D019579:Neocortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D017072:Neostriatum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D012110:Reserpine / Q000494:pharmacology; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed
chemical_list: D001552:Benzazepines; D001572:Benzofurans; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D008024:Ligands; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1; C077123:NNC 112; D012110:Reserpine; D000661:Amphetamine; D004298:Dopamine