title: Persistent mucosal abnormalities in coeliac disease are not related to the ingestion of trace amounts of gluten.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is expected that in patients with coeliac disease the small-bowel mucosal mucosa will return to normal if they adhere to a gluten-free diet (GFD). However, in many this is not the case. This study aims to determine whether this persistent villous atrophy (VA) could be due to continued ingestion of the trace amounts of gluten in 'gluten-free' foods, as defined by the WHO/FAO Codex Alimentarius.
  
  
  METHODS
  Duodenal biopsy specimens from 89 adults with long-standing coeliac disease were examined, and the findings correlated with their form of gluten-free diet.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 51 subjects the duodenal specimen was normal, whereas in 38 there was villous atrophy (partial, 28; subtotal, 8; total, 2). There was no relationship between the presence or absence of VA and ingestion of either a GFD as defined by the Codex Alimentarius (Codex-GFD; 39 patients) or a GFD that contained no detectable gluten (NDG diet: 50 patients). Intraepithelial lymphocyte counts were higher, and lactase levels lower, in subjects with an abnormal biopsy specimen than in those in whom it was normal. However, within each of these biopsy groups there was no difference in these variables between patients on a Codex-GFD and those on an NDG-GFD. IgA antigliadin antibody was detected in 4 of 29 patients on a Codex-GFD and in 3 of 13 on a NDG-GFD (NS).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The persistent mucosal abnormalities seen in patients with coeliac disease on a GFD are not due to the ingestion of trace amounts of gluten. The consequences of these abnormalities have yet to be determined.
authors.affiliation: AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Dept of Histopathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Selby
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Painter
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: K B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Faulkner-Hogg
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Loblay
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001284:Atrophy; D001706:Biopsy; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D004386:Duodenum / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005983:Glutens / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D005983:Glutens