title: An ex-vivo investigation into the effect of bracket displacement on the resistance to sliding.
abstract: This ex-vivo study investigated the effect that repeated bracket displacement has on sliding friction and the magnitude of bracket displacement, and hence tooth movement, required to release bracket/archwire binding. The design consisted of an ex-vivo laboratory study. A jig was designed that allowed repeated displacement of a bracket to occur, while the resistance to sliding (friction) was measured using an Instron universal testing machine. One type of stainless steel bracket was used in conjunction with four archwire types (0.016-inch stainless steel, 0.019 x 0.025-inch stainless steel, 0.021 x 0.025-inch stainless steel, 0.019 x 0.025-inch beta-titanium) and four magnitudes of displacement. Repeated bracket displacement has a significant effect on the sliding resistance at the bracket/archwire interface (P < 0.001). The reduction in sliding resistance noted with displacement depended on the archwire. Over the range of displacements tested, there was an 85 and 80 per cent reduction associated with 0.021 x 0.025-inch and 0.019 x 0.025-inch stainless steel, respectively. For 0.019 x 0.025-inch beta-titanium and 0.016-inch stainless steel, these reductions were 27 and 19 per cent, respectively. The importance of true friction, given the likelihood of bracket and/or archwire displacements in vivo, may be lessened.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public and Child Dental Health, Dublin Dental School and Hospital, Eire.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: O'Reilly
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Dowling
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lagerstrom
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Swartz
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001641:Bicuspid; D003722:Dental Alloys; D017276:Friction; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D009969:Orthodontic Wires; D013193:Stainless Steel; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys; D013193:Stainless Steel