title: Localized XId3 mRNA activation in Xenopus embryos by cytoplasmic polyadenylation.
abstract: In Xenopus development, during meiosis and cleavage, the extent of polyadenylation plays a central role in regulating the expression of transcripts and this is mediated by cis regulatory cytoplasmic polyadenylation elements (CPE) in the 3'-UTRs. We have identified a palindromic CPE in the mRNA of Xenopus Id3 which is conserved in the Id genes from other vertebrates. It promotes cytoplasmic polyadenylation and is negatively regulated by sequences further upstream in the 3'-UTR. This palindromic CPE promotes polyadenylation in both the epithelial and sensorial layers of the dorsal ectoderm in early embryos, but association with the upstream negative element blocks this effect in the epithelial layer. The asymmetric polyadenylation may be important for establishing a prepattern of transcriptional regulators.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, University of Genève, Switzerland.
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Afouda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reynaud-Deonauth
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mohun
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Spohr
mesh_terms: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000502:physiology; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000235:genetics*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005775:Gastrula / Q000502:physiology; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D051797:Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 2; D051796:Inhibitor of Differentiation Proteins; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009865:Oocytes / Q000502:physiology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014981:Xenopus / Q000196:embryology*
chemical_list: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051797:Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 2; D051796:Inhibitor of Differentiation Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C075640:ID3 protein, human