title: Factors effecting mortality in urban vertical free falls: evaluation of 180 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the factors on mortality in urban free vertical falls.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 180 urban vertical free fall victims who survived transport to the emergency room between the period of 1980-1998 were evaluated. Minor bruises, abrasions, haematomas, and soft tissue injuries were not encountered. Serious injuries such as bone fractures, liver lacerations, epi-subdural haematomas, haemothorax, haemomediastinum, retroperitoneal haematomas were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the total, 23% (n = 41) of patients were female and 73% (n = 139) were male. The mean age was 22.3 years (4-75 years). Extremity fractures were found in 6.7% (n = 12), cranial trauma in 14.4% (n = 26), thoracic trauma in 2.2% (n = 4) retroperitoneal trauma in 2.8% (n = 5), vertebral column trauma in 1.7% (n = 3) of cases. The overall number of the pathologies was 59. In-hospital mortality was 8.9% (n = 16). The injury severity scores (ISSs) of non-survivors and survivors were 33 +/- 4, and 5 +/- 0.6, respectively (P = 0.0001). The heights fallen were 8.6 +/- 2.3 m for non-survivors and 5.2 +/- 0.2 m for survivors (P = 0.022). The mean ages of non-survivors and survivors were 41.6 +/- 5.9 years and 20.4 +/- 1.2 years, respectively (P = 0.003). Serious cranial trauma was found in 68.7% (n = 11) and 9.1% (n = 5) of non-survivors and survivors, respectively (P = 0.0001). Extremity trauma was encountered in 31.2% (n = 5) and 4.2% (n = 7) of non-survivors and survivors, respectively (P = 0.0015). The ISSs were 6.8 +/- 1.0 and 8.9 +/- 1.1 for cases under the age of 6 years and others, respectively (P = 0.15). Using logistic regression analysis, ISS, height and age were found to be significant factors in mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vertical deceleration injury represents a distinct form of trauma. With the results of this study, it can be concluded that ISS, height and age are significant factors in determining the severity of trauma.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, University of Hacettepe School of Medicine, Turkey. fatihagalar@superonline.com
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Agalar
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cakmakci
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sayek
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000401:mortality*; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology; D014505:Urban Population; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000401:mortality