title: A comparison of electric toothbrushes in their potential to cause gingival abrasion of oral soft tissues.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It has previously been established that gingival abrasion associated with the Braun Oral-B Ultra Plaque Remover (D9) is minimal and comparable to that observed with a manual toothbrush. The purpose of this single-use study was to compare gingival abrasion with the D9 and a novel electric toothbrush, the Braun Oral-B 3D Plaque Remover (3D).
  
  
  METHODS
  49 subjects (non-dental students) with at least 24 natural teeth and an absence of periodontal probing depths of 5 mm or greater were included in this study. Following a familiarization phase, all subjects received a single prophylaxis and were asked not to brush their teeth for 24 hours prior to their appointment. At this visit, the gums were disclosed by Mira-2-Tone solution and all gingival abrasion on the soft tissues was assessed and recorded. Subjects then brushed their teeth in a random split-mouth order with the two electric toothbrushes, using brush heads of the same design (EB9). The gums were then re-disclosed and gingival abrasions were recorded. They were recorded as either small sites of abrasion (< or = 5 mm) or large sites of abrasion (> 5 mm).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean number of small traumas increased from 2.57 at baseline to 4.04 after brushing with the D9 and from 1.98 to 4.14 after brushing with the 3D. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. For both toothbrushes, more small traumas were found in the upper jaw compared with the lower jaw. No increase in number of large traumas was observed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Danser
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Timmerman
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: IJzerman
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: van der Velden
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: van der Weijden
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005260:Female; D005881:Gingiva / Q000293:injuries*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D014072:Tooth Abrasion / Q000209:etiology*; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation*