title: Risk factors of delayed extubation, prolonged length of stay in the intensive care unit, and mortality in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft with fast-track cardiac anesthesia: a new cardiac risk score.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Risk factors of delayed extubation, prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS), and mortality have not been studied for patients administered fast-track cardiac anesthesia (FTCA). The authors' goals were to determine risk factors of outcomes and cardiac risk scores (CRS) for CABG patients undergoing FTCA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive CABG patients undergoing FTCA were prospectively studied. Outcome variables were delayed extubation > 10 h, prolonged ICU LOS > 48 h, and mortality. Univariate analyses were performed followed by multiple logistic regression to derive risk factors of the three outcomes. Simplified integer-based CRS were derived from logistic models. Bootstrap validation was performed to assess and compare the predictive abilities of CRS and logistic models for the three outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The authors studied 885 patients. Twenty-five percent had delayed extubation, 17% had prolonged ICU LOS, and 2.6% died. Risk factors of delayed extubation were increased age, female gender, postoperative use of intraaortic balloon pump, inotropes, bleeding, and atrial arrhythmia. Risk factors of prolonged ICU LOS were those of delayed extubation plus preoperative myocardial infarction and postoperative renal insufficiency. Risk factors of mortality were female gender, emergency surgery, and poor left ventricular function. CRSs were modeled for the three outcomes. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the CRS-logistic models was not significantly different: 0.707/0.702 for delayed extubation, 0.851/0.855 for prolonged ICU LOS, and 0.657/0.699 for mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In CABG patients undergoing FTCA, the authors derived and validated risk factors of delayed extubation, prolonged ICU LOS, and mortality. Furthermore, they developed a simplified CRS system with similar predictive abilities as the logistic models.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kustra
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tibshirani
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Karski
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carroll-Munro
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sandler
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome