title: Etiologic factors associated with Achilles tendinitis in runners.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine whether relationships exist between selected training, anthropometric, isokinetic muscular strength, and endurance, ground reaction force, and rearfoot movement variables in runners afflicted with Achilles tendinitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Specifically, we examined differences in selected measures between a noninjured cohort of runners (N = 58) and a cohort of injured runners with Achilles tendinitis (N = 31). Isokinetic, kinetic, and kinematic measures were collected using a Cybex II+ isokinetic dynamometer (Medway, MA), AMTI force plate (500 Hz), and Motion Analysis high-speed videography (200 Hz), respectively. Separate discriminant function analyses were performed on each of the five sets of variables to identify the factors that best discriminate between the injured and control groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Years running, training pace, stretching habits (injured runners were less likely to incorporate stretching into their training routine), touchdown angle, plantar flexion peak torque at 180 degrees x s(-1) and arch index were found to be significant discriminators.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A combined discriminant analysis using the above mentioned significant variables revealed that plantar flexion peak torque, touchdown angle, and years running were the strongest discriminators between runners afflicted with Achilles tendinitis and runners who had no history of overuse injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston- Salem, NC 27109, USA.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: McCrory
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Lowery
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Cannon
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Curl
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Read
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Craven
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Messier
mesh_terms: D000125:Achilles Tendon / Q000473:pathology*; D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D010807:Physical Endurance; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012420:Running; D052256:Tendinopathy / Q000209:etiology*; D019415:Torque; D016474:Weight-Bearing