title: Primary schoolchildrens' perceptions of smoking: implications for health education.
abstract: This paper suggests that there is a need, as early as Reception, to implement smoking intervention programmes in the local school curriculum. Findings from a cross-sectional study have shown that primary schoolchildren (4-8 years old) possess negative attitudes and beliefs about smoking, have as yet to establish regular patterns of smoking behaviour, and have a broad understanding of the nature of smoking. Health educators need to capitalize on this negative disposition toward smoking via early intervention; however, to date, there are no smoking-specific health education measures for this age group. The implementation of proactive programmes, before the habit manifests itself, has many supporters but little research has been conducted. This study was devised to fill this significant gap in the literature on smoking. Data was collected on a representative sample of primary schoolchildren in the city of Liverpool. A triangular methodology was adopted consisting of questionnaires (N = 1701), the Draw and Write investigative technique (N = 976), and semi-structured interviews (N = 50). The results highlight the need to implement smoking intervention programmes from Reception onward, the importance of developing a model that is more than just knowledge based and the necessity of involving the family in any school-based health education strategies.
authors.affiliation: School of Health, Liverpool John Moores University, UK.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Porcellato
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dugdill
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Springett
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Sanderson
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004739:England; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016730:Program Development / Q000379:methods; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology; D000074606:Smoking Prevention