title: FluoroDOPA PET shows the nondopaminergic as well as dopaminergic destinations of levodopa.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the visible and quantitative anatomic distribution of fluorine-18-labeled L-DOPA in the healthy human brain, to thereby expand the understanding of extrastriatal sites of levodopa function, and to provide a broader foundation for clinical and research studies of fluoroDOPA accumulation in patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors performed dynamic three-dimensional fluoroDOPA PET imaging in 10 healthy volunteers and analyzed the images visually and quantitatively. Twenty-eight regions of interest were applied to parametric images of the uptake rate constant (using the multiple-time graphic plot method with cortical input function) and also were used to quantitate regional radioactivity at 80 to 90 minutes. The authors correlated the uptake constants with published human regional neurotransmitter and decarboxylation data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PET imaging with fluoroDOPA demonstrates trapping of labeled dopamine or its metabolites in substantial quantities in many areas of the brain other than the mesostriatal pathways, including considerable uptake in the serotonergic and noradrenergic areas of the hypothalamus and brainstem as well as in extrastriatal cerebral sites. Total fluoroDOPA uptake correlates best with the sum of catecholamine and indolamine concentrations in the brain and moderately well with regional activity of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase, but correlates poorly with extrastriatal dopamine concentration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neither L-DOPA nor its radiolabeled analog fluoroDOPA is metabolized or accumulates specifically in dopaminergic or even catecholaminergic neurons. Substantial dopamine production within serotonin and norepinephrine neurons may play a role in either therapeutic effects or adverse effects of therapy with L-DOPA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Oakes
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Schueller
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Holden
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Malischke
authors.forename: O T
authors.initials: OT
authors.lastname: DeJesus
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Nickles
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004295:Dihydroxyphenylalanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D007980:Levodopa / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed
chemical_list: C043437:fluorodopa F 18; D007980:Levodopa; D004295:Dihydroxyphenylalanine; D004298:Dopamine