title: Self-reported bacterial infections among women with or at risk for human immunodeficiency virus infection.
abstract: Bacterial infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, particularly women. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of a history of bacterial infections among 1,310 women with or at risk for HIV infection. HIV-seropositive women were significantly more likely than seronegative women to report recent and lifetime histories of bacterial infection, even after history of injection drug use since 1977 was adjusted for; this included recent pneumonia (odds ratio [OR], 3.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-6.6), sinusitis (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.0-2.0), and urinary tract infection (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1-2.1). Compared with HIV-negative women, women with CD4 cell counts of <200 were about eight times more likely to report recent pneumonia (OR, 7.8; 95% CI, 3.4-17.7); those with CD4 cell counts of 200-500 were almost three times more likely to do so (OR, 2.6; CI, 1.2-5.7). Logistic regression analysis revealed that only CD4 cell category and a recent history of smoking had a significant relationship to self-reported pneumonia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Flanigan
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Hogan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schoenbaum
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vlahov
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schuman
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mayer
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000328:Adult; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D018563:Disease Notification / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D018023:HIV Seronegativity; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010358:Patient Participation; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology