title: Ciguatoxin reduces larval survivability in finfish.
abstract: Ciguatoxins are lipophilic polyether toxins which concentrate in the viscera and flesh of coral reef associated finfish (Hessel et al., 1960). In this study, we quantify the adverse effects of ciguatoxin on fish embryos by microinjection into the egg yolk of medaka (Oryzias latipis) embryos. Embryos microinjected with 0.1-0.9 pg/egg (ppb) of ciguatoxin exhibit cardiovascular, muscular, and skeletal abnormalities and those injected with higher levels (1.0-9.0 pg/egg) exhibit significantly reduced hatching success. The sensitivity of embryonic fish to direct oocyte exposure indicates that maternal transfer of low levels of ciguatoxin may represent an unrecognized threat to the reproductive success of reef fish and a previously undetected ecological consequence of proliferation of ciguatoxin-producing algae in reef systems increasingly impacted by human perturbations.
authors.affiliation: Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, NOAA National Ocean Service, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29412, USA.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Edmunds
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: McCarthy
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ramsdell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002922:Ciguatoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000196:embryology; D006948:Hyperkinesis / Q000139:chemically induced; D008845:Microinjections; D009990:Oryzias / Q000196:embryology*; D013121:Spinal Curvatures / Q000139:chemically induced; D015996:Survival Rate; D013610:Tachycardia / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D002922:Ciguatoxins