title: Immunolocalisation of PIVKA-II in paraffin-embedded specimens of hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although serum PIVKA-II has been widely used as a tumor marker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), little information is available concerning tissue PIVKA-II, and detection of tissue PIVKA-II in paraffin-embedded tissue specimens of HCC is also considered difficult.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paraffin-embedded HCC tissues obtained at autopsy from 22 patients were subjected to immunohistochemical staining using the antibody MU-3 (Eisai Co., Ltd.) after microwave antigen retrieval.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PIVKA-II was mainly detected in the cytoplasm of HCC cells. The intensity of tissue PIVKA-II staining was not correlated with serum PIVKA-II levels or with the histotogical differentiation of HCC. However PIVKA-II staining tended to be more intense in tissue from patients with portal tumor thrombus, distant metastases, or a longer duration of HCC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This method of immunohistochemical staining is easy and simple to use and may be helpful for detecting tissue PIVKA-II in paraffin-embedded HCC specimens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tamano
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sugaya
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oguma
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murohisa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matsumura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Terano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016612:Paraffin Embedding; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000032:analysis*; D011516:Prothrombin / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D011498:Protein Precursors; C008208:acarboxyprothrombin; D011516:Prothrombin