title: Discrete expression of insulin receptor substrate-4 mRNA in adult rat brain.
abstract: The insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins are a family of important regulatory adapters that mediate the coupling between receptor-associated tyrosine kinases and downstream effectors including phosphatidylinositol-3'-kinases (PI-3-Ks). In the present study, the distribution of IRS-4 mRNA was determined in rat brain by in situ hybridization. IRS-4 mRNA was widely expressed throughout the hypothalamus, with the most dense labeling observed in the medial preoptic nucleus, ventromedial hypothalamus, and arcuate nucleus. In contrast, and unlike IRS-1 or IRS-2, expression of IRS-4 mRNA in other forebrain and midbrain regions was much more restricted. The expression of IRS-4 mRNA in the hypothalamus suggests a specific role for this factor in the signaling of one or more receptors involved hypothalamic functions including feeding, lactation, sexual and parental behaviors.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine and Connecticut Mental Health Center, 34 Park Street, B-013, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Numan
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Russell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D008297:Male; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D009928:Organ Specificity; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: C491532:IRS4 protein, rat; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases