title: Analysis of 16 different matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1 to MMP-20) in the synovial membrane: different profiles in trauma and rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To define the pattern of mRNA expression of all human matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) described to date in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and traumatic synovial membrane, in order to differentiate between a physiological tissue remodelling pattern and that associated with inflammatory tissue destruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis of SwissProt protein and EMBL/GenBank nucleotide sequence banks, protein sequence alignment, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and nucleotide sequencing were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MMP-2 (gelatinase A), MMP-3 (stromelysin-1), MMP-11 (stromelysin-3) and MMP-19 were constitutively expressed. MMP-1 (fibroblast type collagenase), MMP-9 (gelatinase B) and MMP-14 (MT1-MMP) were expressed in all RA, but only in 55-80% of trauma samples. MMP-13 (collagenase-3) and MMP-15 (MT2-MMP) were expressed exclusively in RA (80-90% of the samples). MMP-20 (enamelysin) was absent and MMP-8 (collagenase-2) was rarely found in RA or trauma. All other MMPs (-7, -10, -12, -16, -17) had an intermediate pattern of expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Some MMPs without interstitial collagenase activity seem to have a constitutive pattern of expression and probably participate in physiological synovial tissue remodelling. Some MMPs are exclusively associated to RA synovitis, for example, MMP-13, which preferentially degrades type II collagen and aggrecan, and MMP-15, which activates proMMP-2 and proMMP-13 and is involved in tumour necrosis factor alpha processing. This clear cut rheumatoid/inflammatory MMP profile, more complex than has been previously appreciated, may facilitate inflammatory tissue destruction in RA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Y T
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Konttinen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ainola
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Valleala
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ida
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mandelin
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Kinne
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Santavirta
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sorsa
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: López-Otín
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takagi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000201:enzymology*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000293:injuries*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases