title: Maturation of binocular luminance interaction in normal young and adult rhesus monkeys.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to answer three questions 1) Do adult rhesus monkeys have binocular luminance interactions (BLIs) similar to those found in adult humans? 2) Is BLI in very young rhesus monkeys functionally mature? 3) If not, how does it change with age?
  
  
  METHODS
  We recorded visually evoked potentials (VEPs) in response to sinusoidally modulated uniform fields. The fields were presented dichoptically by varying the relative temporal phase between the two eyes. Monkeys varied in age from 5.6 weeks to 5.25 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  VEPs were Fourier analyzed and the relative second harmonic amplitudes were taken as the response measure. The second harmonic amplitudes in adult monkeys had an asymmetrical 'V-shaped' function as interocular phase difference (IPD) varied from 0 degrees to 180 degrees, as had been observed previously in adult humans [1]. The youngest monkeys exhibited a symmetrical pattern which became more asymmetrical at older ages and was adult like by about 19 weeks. Asymmetry magnitude and log age correlated 0.97 (p < 0.05) in the monkeys younger than 19 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The adult rhesus data are consistent with a model derived from humans which involves two types binocular luminance processing. One combines monocular responses nonlinearly (MNL) and a second combines monocular responses linearly followed by a binocular nonlinearity (MLBNL). These two processes have been associated with the parvocellular (P-) and magnocellular (M-) streams. Within this framework, the data from the youngest monkeys indicate that BLI in the P-stream is relatively less mature at birth than that in the M-stream and develops reaching functional maturity on these measures by around 19 weeks.
authors.affiliation: Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. jodom@wvu.edu
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Odom
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Boothe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D005829:Geniculate Bodies / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008253:Macaca mulatta / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D012160:Retina / Q000502:physiology; D015348:Vision, Binocular / Q000502:physiology*