title: SnoN and Ski protooncoproteins are rapidly degraded in response to transforming growth factor beta signaling.
abstract: Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) regulates a variety of physiologic processes, including growth inhibition, differentiation, and induction of apoptosis. Some TGF-beta-initiated signals are conveyed through Smad3; TGF-beta binding to its receptors induces phosphorylation of Smad3, which then migrates to the nucleus where it functions as a transcription factor. We describe here the association of Smad3 with the nuclear protooncogene protein SnoN. Overexpression of SnoN represses transcriptional activation by Smad3. Activation of TGF-beta signaling leads to rapid degradation of SnoN and, to a lesser extent, of the related Ski protein, and this degradation is likely mediated by cellular proteasomes. These results demonstrate the existence of a cascade of the TGF-beta signaling pathway, which, upon TGF-beta stimulation, leads to the destruction of protooncoproteins that antagonize the activation of the TGF-beta signaling.
authors.affiliation: Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ng-Eaton
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Lodish
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Weinberg
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008024:Ligands; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000235:genetics; D011485:Protein Binding; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051900:Smad3 Protein; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008024:Ligands; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C060615:SKIL protein, human; C497790:SMAD3 protein, human; D051900:Smad3 Protein; D015534:Trans-Activators; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C060614:SKI protein, human