title: Balloon dilatation for treatment of resistant nasolacrimal duct obstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our purpose was to report our experience with balloon catheter dilatation for resistant nasolacrimal duct obstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients enrolled had symptoms of nasolacrimal duct obstruction and (1) had failed previous probing or (2) were more than 2 years old. Balloon dilatation was performed with a LacriCATH lacrimal catheter (Atrion Medical Products, Birmingham, Ala.). A subset of patients had Silastic silicone rubber (Dow Corning, Midland, Mich.) intubation after balloon dilatation. Success was determined by clinical examination a minimum of 6 weeks later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-one lacrimal systems of 12 patients were treated (age range 4 months to 7 years). Of the patient subset treated with a LacriCATH lacrimal catheter alone, 9 of 18 systems demonstrated complete resolution of symptoms. Three of the 12 patients underwent balloon dilatation intraoperatively after attempts at Silastic silicone rubber intubation were unsuccessful. In two of these patients, who were younger, Silastic silicone rubber tubes passed easily after balloon treatment; however, in an older patient, age 5 years, intubation still could not be accomplished.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Common clinical strategy for treatment of resistant nasolacrimal obstruction includes repeat probing, intubation of the nasolacrimal system with Silastic silicone rubber tubes, or dacryocystorhinostomy. Balloon catheter dilatation is an alternative or adjunct to consider. Factors that may affect the success of treatment include the age of the patient, the complexity of the nasolacrimal anatomy, and use of adjunctive systemic antibiotics and steroids.
authors.affiliation: Emory Eye Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Hutcheson
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Drack
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Lambert
mesh_terms: D002404:Catheterization; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007440:Intubation; D007767:Lacrimal Duct Obstruction / Q000628:therapy*; D009301:Nasolacrimal Duct; D016896:Treatment Outcome