title: A simple objective method of adjusting sling tension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pubovaginal sling is gaining widespread acceptance as a primary form of treatment for types II and III stress urinary incontinence. However, a major drawback is postoperative obstructed voiding due to excessive force placed on the suspension suture. We describe a simple objective method for intraoperative adjustment of sling tension that can be performed by a single surgeon during pubovaginal sling surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cotton swab is inserted into the urethra and placed at the urethrovesical junction after the sling is fixed suburethrally and the vaginal mucosa is closed. The suspension sutures are tied down directly onto the rectus fascia with enough tension to keep the cotton swab angle between 0 and 10 degrees to the horizontal plane. A total of 29 patients with an average age of 62 years underwent pubovaginal sling surgery with rectus and cadaveric fascia using this technique for tension adjustment. Of the patients 21 were diagnosed with types II and III, 5 had type II only and 3 had type III only incontinence. Preoperative evaluation revealed detrusor instability in 5 patients. Mean postoperative indwelling catheterization period was 6.2 days. Average followup was 15.6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  To date no permanent urinary retention has occurred. Of the patients 15 voided without difficulty after catheter removal, 13 had urinary difficulty requiring intermittent catheterization for 1 week or less and 1 had retention requiring intermittent catheterization for 10 weeks. Preoperative symptoms of detrusor instability resolved in all cases. De novo detrusor instability in 3 cases was controlled with anticholinergics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overzealous sling tension adjustment has been recognized as a cause of treatment failure leading to urethral obstruction. Our technique is effective in preventing over adjustment of tension, is reproducible and can be performed by 1 surgeon.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mahoney
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Minor
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ghoniem
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000601:surgery*; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*