title: Quantitation of cytokine mRNA expression as an endpoint for prediction and diagnosis of xenobiotic-induced hypersensitivity reactions.
abstract: Xenobiotic-induced hypersensitivity reactions are immune-mediated effects that involve specific antibodies and/or effector and regulatory T lymphocytes. Cytokines are key mediators of such responses and must be considered as possible endpoints for predicting sensitizing potency of drugs and chemicals, as well as for helping diagnosis of allergy. Detecting cytokine production at the protein level has been shown to not be always sensitive enough. This paper describes three examples of the utilization of semiquantitative or competitive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis of interleukin-4, interferon gamma, and interleukin-1beta mRNAs as endpoints for assessing T-cell or dendritic cell responses to sensitizing drugs (beta-lactam antibiotics) or chemicals (dinitrochlorobenzene).
authors.affiliation: Immunotoxicology Group, Faculté de Pharmacie de l'Université Paris XI, rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, Châtenay-Malabry, 92296, France.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gaspard
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kerdine
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pallardy
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lebrec
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D004137:Dinitrochlorobenzene / Q000276:immunology / Q000633:toxicity; D004342:Drug Hypersensitivity / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D018796:Immunoconjugates / Q000276:immunology / Q000633:toxicity; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000235:genetics; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D010400:Penicillin G / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D015262:Xenobiotics / Q000276:immunology / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004137:Dinitrochlorobenzene; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D007375:Interleukin-1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D015262:Xenobiotics; D015847:Interleukin-4; D010400:Penicillin G