title: A case-control study on family history of liver cancer as a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma in North Italy. Brescia HCC Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We carried out a case-control study to investigate the role of history of liver cancer in a first-degree relative as a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred eighty-seven HCC incident cases and 450 subjects unaffected by liver disease (controls) were enrolled in the study. Family history of liver cancer and other malignancies and history of alcohol intake were collected by face-to-face interview. Blood samples were analyzed for HBsAg, anti-HCV and HCV RNA positivity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Family history of liver cancer was associated with HCC (odds ratio [OR] = 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2-4.7), whereas family history of other malignancies was not (OR = 1.0; 95% CI = 0.61.5). An increased OR for family history of liver cancer was found among subjects negative for the other risk factors (OR = 2.0; 95% CI = 0.6-6.9). A synergism of family history of liver cancer was also evident with hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infection and with heavy alcohol intake.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests a role of family history independent from and interacting with known risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Cattedra di Igiene, Unversità di Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Donato
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Gelatti
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chiesa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Albertini
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bucella
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boffetta
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tagger
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Ribero
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Portera
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fasola
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nardi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000150:complications; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors