title: Heterogeneous distribution of the two components of delayed rectifier K+ current: a potential mechanism of the proarrhythmic effects of methanesulfonanilideclass III agents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To elucidate the regional difference of the K+ current blocking effects of methanesulfonanilide class III agents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Regional differences in action potential duration (APD) and E-4031-sensitive component (IKr) as well as -insensitive component (IKs) of the delayed rectifier K+ current (IK) were investigated in enzymatically isolated myocytes from apical and basal regions of the rabbit left ventricle using the whole-cell clamp technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 1 Hz stimulation, APD was significantly longer in the apex than in the base (223.1 +/- 10.6 vs. 182.7 +/- 14.5 ms, p < 0.05); application of 1 microM E-4031 caused more significant APD prolongation in the apex than in the base (32.5 +/- 6.4% vs. 21.0 +/- 8.8%, p < 0.05), resulting in an augmentation of regional dispersion of APD. In response to a 3-s depolarization pulse to +40 mV from a holding potential of -50 mV, both IK tail and IKs tail densities were significantly smaller in apical than in basal myocytes (IK: 1.56 +/- 0.13 vs. 2.09 +/- 0.21 pA/pF, p < 0.05; IKs: 0.40 +/- 0.15 vs. 1.43 +/- 0.23, p < 0.01), whereas IKr tail density was significantly greater in the apex than in the base (1.15 +/- 0.13 vs. 0.66 +/- 0.11 pA/pF, p < 0.01). The ratio of IKs/IKr for the tail current in the apex was significantly smaller than that in the base (0.51 +/- 0.21 vs. 3.09 +/- 0.89; p < 0.05). No statistical difference was observed in the voltage dependence as well as activation and deactivation kinetics of IKr and IKs between the apex and base. Isoproterenol (1 microM) increased the time-dependent outward current of IKs by 111 +/- 8% during the 3-s depolarizing step at +40 mV and its tail current by 120 +/- 9% on repolarization to the holding potential of -50 mV, whereas it did not affect IKr.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The regional differences in IK, in particular differences in its two components may underlie the regional disparity in APD, and that methanesulfonanilide class III antiarrhythmic agents such as E-4031 may cause a greater spatial inhomogeneity of ventricular repolarization, leading to re-entrant arrhythmias.
authors.affiliation: Department of Circulation, Nagoya University, Japan. jcheng@riem.nagoya-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kamiya
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsuji
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Toyama
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kodama
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects*; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000187:drug effects*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011817:Rabbits; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D010880:Piperidines; D015221:Potassium Channels; D011725:Pyridines; C063968:E 4031; D007545:Isoproterenol