title: The magnitude of decrease in hepatic very low density lipoprotein apolipoprotein B secretion is determined by the extent of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibition in miniature pigs.
abstract: It has been postulated that the rate of hepatic very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) apolipoprotein (apo) B secretion is dependent upon the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase. To test this hypothesis in vivo, apoB kinetic studies were carried out in miniature pigs before and after 21 days treatment with high-dose (10 mg/kg/day), atorvastatin (A) or simvastatin (S) (n = 5). Pigs were fed a diet containing fat (34% of calories) and cholesterol (400 mg/day; 0.1%). Statin treatment decreased plasma total cholesterol [31 (A) vs. 20% (S)] and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations [42 (A) vs. 24% (S)]. Significant reductions in plasma total triglyceride (46%) and VLDL triglyceride (50%) concentrations were only observed with (A). Autologous [131I]VLDL, [125I]LDL, and [3H]leucine were injected simultaneously, and apoB kinetic parameters were determined by triple-isotope multicompartmental analysis using SAAM II. Statin treatment decreased the VLDL apoB pool size [49 (A) vs. 24% (S)] and the hepatic VLDL apoB secretion rate [50 (A) vs. 33% (S)], with no change in the fractional catabolic rate (FCR). LDL apoB pool size decreased [39 (A) vs. 26% (S)], due to reductions in both the total LDL apoB production rate [30 (A) vs. 21% (S)] and LDL direct synthesis [32 (A) vs. 23% (S)]. A significant increase in the LDL apoB FCR (15%) was only seen with (A). Neither plasma VLDL nor LDL lipoprotein compositions were significantly altered. Hepatic HMG-CoA reductase was inhibited to a greater extent with (A), when compared with (S), as evidenced by 1) a greater induction in hepatic mRNA abundances for HMG-CoA reductase (105%) and the LDL receptor (40%) (both P < 0.05); and 2) a greater decrease in hepatic free (9%) and esterified cholesterol (25%) (both P < 0.05). We conclude that both (A) and (S) decrease hepatic VLDL apoB secretion, in vivo, but that the magnitude is determined by the extent of HMG-CoA reductase inhibition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, The John P. Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Burnett
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Wilcox
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Telford
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kleinstiver
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Barrett
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Newton
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Huff
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000378:metabolism*; D000069059:Atorvastatin; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D006538:Heptanoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D006903:Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases / Q000378:metabolism*; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007700:Kinetics; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D053419:Lipoproteins, IDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000494:pharmacology; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D006538:Heptanoic Acids; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D008074:Lipoproteins; D053419:Lipoproteins, IDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL; D011758:Pyrroles; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol; D000069059:Atorvastatin; D019821:Simvastatin; D006903:Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases