title: Alcohol dehydrogenase 3 genotype modification of the association of alcohol consumption with breast cancer risk.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Because alcohol dehydrogenase 3 (ADH3) is rate-limiting in alcohol oxidation and is polymorphic, we examined ADH3 genotype in relation to alcohol intake and breast cancer risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a case-control study among Caucasian women aged 40-85 with incident, pathologically confirmed breast cancer and controls, frequency-matched on age and county. Queries included alcohol intake in the past 20 years. Genomic DNA was genotyped for the exon VIII ADH polymorphism by PCR followed by restriction enzyme digestion. Computation of odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) was by unconditional logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found increased risk among pre- (OR 2.3, 95%, CI 1.2-4.3) but not postmenopausal women (OR 1.1, 95% CI 0.7-1.7) associated with ADH3(1-1) compared to ADH3(1-2) and ADH3(2-2) genotypes. Risk was increased for premenopausal women with the ADH3(1-1) genotype and alcohol intake above the median (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.5-8.8) compared to lighter drinkers with the ADH3(2-2) or ADH3(1-2) genotypes. ORs were close to null for premenopausal women in other drinking and genotype groups and for postmenopausal women categorized by genotype and alcohol consumption.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among premenopausal women there may be a group more genetically susceptible to an alcohol consumption effect on breast cancer risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Freudenheim
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Ambrosone
authors.forename: K B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Moysich
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Vena
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Muti
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Laughlin
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nemoto
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Harty
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Crits
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Shields
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000445:Aldehyde Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D017697:Premenopause; D012044:Regression Analysis; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: C020145:formaldehyde dehydrogenase (glutathione); D000445:Aldehyde Oxidoreductases