title: The antiviral enzymes PKR and RNase L suppress gene expression from viral and non-viral based vectors.
abstract: Expression of transfected genes is shown to be suppressed by two intracellular enzymes, RNase L and protein kinase PKR, which function in interferon-treated cells to restrict viral replication. RNase L(-/-) or PKR(-/-) murine embryonic fibroblasts produced enhanced levels of protein from transfected genes compared with wild-type cells. Increased expression of exogenous genes in RNase L(-/-) cells correlated with elevated levels of mRNA and thus appeared to be due to enhanced mRNA stability. Plasmid encoding adenovirus VA RNAs was able to further enhance accumulation of the exogenous gene transcript and protein, even in cells lacking PKR. In contrast to the increased expression of transfected genes in cells lacking RNase L or PKR, expression of endogenous host genes was unaffected by the absence of these enzymes. In addition, a dominant-negative PKR mutant improved expression from a conventional plasmid vector and from a Semliki Forest virus derived, self-replicating vector. These results indicate that viral infections and transfections produce similar stress responses in mammalian cells and suggest strategies for selectively increasing expression of exogenous genes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Biology, NB40, The Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Terenzi
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: deVeer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ying
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Restifo
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Silverman
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004722:Endoribonucleases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000378:metabolism; D014779:Virus Replication; D019892:eIF-2 Kinase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012367:RNA, Viral; D019892:eIF-2 Kinase; D004722:Endoribonucleases; C031956:2-5A-dependent ribonuclease