Advances in the molecular genetics of endometrial cancer (Review).
Recent studies have identified some of the genetic alterations involved in endometrial carcinoma development. Transforming genes, including K-ras and c-erbB2/neu oncogenes and the p53, PTEN and hMLH1 tumor suppressor genes, are the most frequently altered. In addition, endometrial carcinomas express high levels of chemoresistance markers, including the MDR-1 or the MRP genes. The genetic background of an endometrial cancer patient may include high-penetrance genes such as the DNA mismatch repair genes causing microsatellite instability, and low-penetrance genes such as those involved in estrogen-metabolism. The spectrum of several molecular lesions suggest a model for endometrial tumorigenesis through two divergent pathways, and which may improve the design of more rational therapeutic agents.
Esteller
M
M
Centre d'Investigacions en Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular Vall d'Hebron, Hospitals Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
Xercavins
J
J
Reventos
J
J
D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000235:genetics; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D018734:Genes, erbB-2; D016158:Genes, p53; D011905:Genes, ras; D005819:Genetic Markers; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D005819:Genetic Markers; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; C494929:PTEN protein, human