title: Clinical study of adjuvant photodynamic therapy to reduce restenosis following femoral angioplasty.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Photodynamic therapy (PDT) reduces neointimal hyperplasia and negative remodelling following balloon injury in small and large animal models. This clinical study investigated the role of adjuvant PDT following femoral percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight PTAs in seven patients (two women) with a median age of 70 (range 59-86) years were performed with adjuvant PDT. All patients had previously undergone conventional angioplasty at the same site which resulted in symptomatic restenosis or occlusion between 2 and 6 months. Each was sensitized with oral 5-aminolaevulinic acid 60 mg/kg, 5-7 h before the procedure. Following a second femoral angioplasty, up to 50 J/cm2 red light (635 nm) was delivered to the angioplasty site via a laser fibre within the angioplasty balloon. Patients were kept in subdued light overnight and discharged the following day. Outcome was assessed by duplex imaging at 24 h, 1, 3 and 6 months and by intravenous digital subtraction angiography at 6 months. A peak systolic velocity ratio (PSVR) of more than 2.0 at the angioplasty site was taken to represent restenosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients tolerated the procedure well without adverse complications or death. All were rendered asymptomatic which was sustained throughout the study interval. All vessels remained patent and no lesion attained the duplex definition of restenosis. Median (interquartile range) PSVR across stenotic segments was 4.7 (3.7-5.7) before angioplasty, 1.1 (0.9-1.3) at 24 h and 1.4 (1.0-1.8) at 6 months after intervention (P = 0.04 compared with preoperative value).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This pilot study suggests that endovascular PDT is safe and may reduce restenosis follow- ing angioplasty. The data justify a randomized controlled trial.
authors.affiliation: Vascular Unit and National Medical Laser Centre, Department of Surgery, University College London, Middlesex Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Buonaccorsi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raphael
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nyamekye
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: McEwan
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Bown
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Bishop
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon / Q000379:methods; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery; D006083:Graft Occlusion, Vascular / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014654:Vascular Patency