title: The Amsterdam Alexithymia Scale: its psychometric values and correlations with other personality traits.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This article describes the construction and validation of the Amsterdam Alexithymia Scale (AAS) and explores some of the nomological net of alexithymia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four correlational studies are presented. The internal structure of the AAS is explored by factor analyses on items. Correlations of the AAS with sex and (Guilford) intellectual abilities are established. Mean scores of three different professional groups are compared. Correlations between the AAS and several clinical and personality scales are determined. Students served as subjects in all studies (347<n<559).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 20-item AAS has a stable 5-factor structure, covering 5 defining features of alexithymia: difficulties in, respectively, experiencing emotions, fantasizing, analyzing emotions, differentiating between emotions and verbalizing emotions. The AAS showed to be reliable. The AAS scores were independent of verbal and nonverbal IQ. As expected, the AAS scores turned out to be significantly lower in a group of dramatic art students and significantly higher in a group of math and artificial intelligence students, when compared to psychology students. The AAS scores correlated negatively with extroversion, positively with social inadequacy and not with neuroticism. Finally, correlations between the AAS and the Adjective Check List scores indicated that alexithymia is associated with, respectively, a neglect of own needs and impulses, a reduced capability to understand social situations and a tendency to stick to rules rigidly, to flee into social isolation, to be submissive, to avoid commitment and to experiences of lack of personal meaning in life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The AAS is the first instrument measuring the 5 defining features of alexithymia reliably and validly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bermond
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Vorst
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Vingerhoets
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gerritsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007361:Intelligence Tests / Q000592:standards; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D010551:Personality; D010556:Personality Tests / Q000592:standards*; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000592:standards*; D011594:Psychometrics; D012494:Sampling Studies; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012917:Social Adjustment