title: Simulating the effects of employer contributions on adverse selection and health plan choice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of employer contribution policy and adverse selection on employees' health plan choices.
  
  
  METHODS
  Microsimulation methods to predict employees' choices between two health plan options and to track changes in those choices over time. The simulation predicts choice given premiums, healthcare spending by enrollees in each plan, and premiums for the next period.
  
  
  METHODS
  The simulation model is based on behavioral relationships originally estimated from the RAND Health Insurance Experiment (HIE). The model has been updated and recalibrated. The data processed in the simulation are from the 1993 Current Population Employee Benefits Supplement sample.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A higher fraction of employees choose a high-cost, high-benefit plan if employers contribute a proportional share of the premium or adjust their contribution for risk selection than if employees pay the full cost difference out-of-pocket. When employees pay the full cost difference, the extent of adverse selection can be substantial, which leads to a collapse in the market for the high-cost plan.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adverse selection can undermine the managed competition strategy, indicating the importance of good risk adjusters. A fixed employer contribution policy can encourage selection of more efficient plans. Ironically, however, it can also further adverse selection in the absence of risk adjusters.
authors.affiliation: RAND, Washington, DC 20005, USA.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Marquis
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Buchanan
mesh_terms: D003258:Consumer Behavior; D006264:Health Benefit Plans, Employee / Q000191:economics*; D006279:Health Maintenance Organizations / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D015273:Insurance Selection Bias; D018854:Managed Competition / Q000191:economics*; D017059:Models, Econometric; D011243:Preferred Provider Organizations / Q000191:economics*; D018570:Risk Assessment