title: Expression and functional analysis of Cititf1, an ascidian NK-2 class gene, suggest its role in endoderm development.
abstract: In solitary ascidians the fate of endoderm is determined at a very early stage of development and depends on cytoplasmic factors whose nature has not been determined. We have isolated a member of the NK-2 gene family, Cititf1, from the ascidian Ciona intestinalis, showing high sequence homology to mammalian TITF1. The Cititf1 gene was expressed in all endodermal precursors at the pregastrula and gastrula stages, and is thus the first specific regulatory endodermal marker to be isolated from an ascidian. Cititf1 expression was downregulated at the end of gastrulation to reappear at middle tailbud and larval stages in the most anterior and ventral parts of head endoderm, regions which give rise, after metamorphosis, to the adult endostyle, where Cititf1 mRNA was still present. Microinjection of Cititf1 mRNA into fertilized eggs resulted in tadpole larvae with abnormalities in head-trunk development consequent to the formation of excess endoderm, perhaps due to recruitment of notochord precursors to an endodermal fate. These data suggest that Cititf1 plays an important role in normal endoderm differentiation during ascidian embryogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ristoratore
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spagnuolo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aniello
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Branno
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fabbrini
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Di Lauro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002938:Ciona intestinalis / Q000196:embryology; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D004707:Endoderm / Q000502:physiology*; D017353:Gene Deletion; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008322:Mammals; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D000074482:Thyroid Nuclear Factor 1; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C401581:Cititf1 protein, Ciona intestinalis; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D000074482:Thyroid Nuclear Factor 1; D014157:Transcription Factors; C094797:vnd protein, Drosophila