title: Recovery and pharmacokinetic parameters of desflurane, sevoflurane, and isoflurane in patients undergoing urologic procedures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the pharmacokinetics and the speed of recovery after inhalation anesthesia with desflurane, sevoflurane, and isoflurane in elective surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  30 ASA physical status I and II adults presenting for elective surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anesthesia was induced with etomidate and maintained with desflurane (n = 10), sevoflurane (n = 10), or isoflurane (n = 10) and nitrous oxide. The inhalation drugs were titrated until an adequate clinical depth of anesthesia was reached. At the end of anesthesia, the patients breathed oxygen via the endotracheal tube and after extubation via a face mask.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The groups were similar with respect to age, weight, duration of anesthesia, and mean arterial pressure. Mean end-tidal concentration (FA = FA0) at the end of anesthesia was 6.34 +/- 1.15% after desflurane, 1.85 +/- 0.42% after sevoflurane, and 1.10 +/- 0.24% after isoflurane. FA/FA0 decreased significantly faster with desflurane than with isoflurane, while there was little difference between desflurane and sevoflurane. As for the terminal half-life (t1/2), there were no differences among the groups (8.16 +/- 3.15 min after desflurane, 9.47 +/- 4.46 min after sevoflurane, and 10.0 +/- 5.57 min after isoflurane). The time until a command was followed for the first time was the same in all three groups (13.0 +/- 4.7 min after desflurane, 13.4 +/- 4.4 min after sevoflurane, and 13.6 +/- 3.4 min after isoflurane). There was no significant correlation between duration of anesthesia and the time until recovery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are only minor differences with regard to the recovery phase in premedicated patients who receive clinically titrated inhalation anesthesia with desflurane, sevoflurane, or isoflurane.
authors.affiliation: Klinik fuer Anaesthesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universitaet, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Behne@em.uni-frankfurt.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Behne
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Wilke
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lischke
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000077335:Desflurane; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000187:drug effects; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D000077335:Desflurane; D007530:Isoflurane