title: The influence of trunk modelling in 3D biomechanical analysis of simple and complex lifting tasks.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate different methods of estimating the body segment parameters and different methods of partitioning the trunk in order to reduce errors in the inverse dynamic analysis of lifting tasks.
  
  
  METHODS
  The same data set was used to evaluate moment errors associated to five linked models differing by the way the trunk was modelled.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The inverse dynamic analysis of complex lifting tasks involving significant lower limb displacements requires the use of upper body linked models. However, the estimation of the body segment parameters of trunk segments and the flexible properties of the trunk can lead to errors when using this modelling approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one male subjects performed four lifting tasks. Five cameras, two force platforms and a dynamometric box provided inputs to five tridimensional (3D) dynamic linked models. Three modelling parameters of the trunk were tested in these models: (1) the use of a geometric or a proportional anthropometric model to estimate the body segment parameters of the trunk, (2) the location of the antero-posterior position of the centre of mass of the trunk segments (at a percentage of the trunk depth vs on a line between hips and shoulders), and (3) the partitioning of the trunk in two or three segments. The behavior of these linked models was assessed with three different error analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results revealed that all three modelling parameters of the trunk can reduce moment errors, especially when applied to subjects characterized by a larger abdomen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The inverse dynamic analysis of lifting tasks using an upper body modelling approach should take into consideration the interindividual variability inherent to the trunk morphology and non-rigidity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The trunk geometry and flexibility shows considerable variability among individuals. The use of upper body linked models requires adequate modelling of this segment to minimize errors in 3D inverse dynamic analysis of lifting tasks.
authors.affiliation: Faculté d'éducation physique et sportive, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Larivière
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gagnon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D001415:Back / Q000502:physiology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D006801:Humans; D017770:Lifting; D008297:Male; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis