title: Evaluation of a computer-assisted antibiotic-dose monitor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effect of a computer-assisted antibiotic-dose monitor used to reduce the number of days that patients receive excessive dosages of antibiotics and the number of adverse drug events (ADEs) secondary to antibiotics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive epidemiologic study of a two-year preintervention period and one-year intervention period.
  
  
  METHODS
  The LDS Hospital, a tertiary care center in Salt Lake City, UT.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients aged > or = 18 years, admitted to LDS Hospital from April 1, 1993, to March 31, 1996, who received at least one of five targeted antibiotics (vancomycin, gentamicin, imipenem, cefazolin, cefuroxime), who had a serum creatinine or a urine creatinine clearance test result before antibiotic therapy, and who were never admitted or transferred to the shock/trauma/respiratory intensive care unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Each morning during the 12-month intervention period, the antibiotic-dose monitor checked the renal function of all patients who were receiving any of the five antibiotics. Pharmacists received a computer listing of patients who may have been receiving excessive dosages. The antibiotic-dose monitor suggested an alternate dosage and a pharmacist contacted the patient's physician if the suggested change in the dosage was appropriate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the intervention period, 4483 patients received at least one of the five study antibiotics and 1974 (44%) were identified as receiving an excessive dosage, compared with 4494 (50%) of 8901 patients during the preintervention period (p < 0.001). The patients receiving excessive dosages received an excessive dosage for an average of 2.9 days during the intervention period, compared with 4.7 days (p < 0.001) during the preintervention period. In addition, these same patients during the intervention period received fewer doses of antibiotics (10.9 vs. 13.4; p < 0.001), fewer grams of antibiotics (10.4 vs. 12.0; p < 0.02), at less cost ($98 vs. $128; p < 0.004) than the patients during the preintervention period. Moreover, there were 14 ADEs (0.3%) secondary to the five study antibiotics during the intervention period, compared with 82 (0.9%; p < 0.001) for the two-year preintervention period. The study also found that significantly more patients identified as receiving excessive dosages had experienced decreases in renal function, compared with patients who were not identified as receiving excessive dosages (25% vs. 12% during preintervention period and 23% vs. 16% during intervention period; p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many patients experience decreases in renal function after antibiotics are ordered. The use of the computer-assisted antibiotic-dose monitor appears to be a promising method to help reduce the excessive use and cost of antibiotic therapy and reduce the number of ADEs secondary to antibiotics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, LDS Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT 84143, USA. ldsevans@ihc.com
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Pestotnik
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Classen
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Burke
mesh_terms: D016907:Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D004360:Drug Therapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006751:Hospital Information Systems; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents