title: Treatment of children with steroid refractory idiopathic nephrotic syndrome: the Kuwaiti experience.
abstract: Data on the treatment and outcome of Kuwaiti children with steroid refractory idiopathic glomerulonephritis (SRIGN), i.e. nephrotic syndrome who failed an eight-week course of prednisone, were collected retrospectively from the records of children attending the two renal centers of Kuwait between January 1, 1990 to December 31, 1996. During those seven years, a total of 34 Kuwaiti children were diagnosed to have SRIGN. Histologically, 22 (65%) of those patients had minimal change, 5 (15%) focal segmental GN, 2 (6%) non-IgA mesangioproliferative GN and one membranous GN. Twenty-two patients had manifested frequent relapses, six were steroid-dependent and six were steroid-resistant. Treatment options were in the following order: (a) small maintenance-dose of corticosteroids (< 0.5 mg/kg/alternate days); (b) cyclophosphamide and or chlorambucil for a single eight week-course or eight then 12 week courses (c) cyclosporin A for three months. The response to therapy was as follows: nine children were cured with low-dose corticosteroids; 17 with chlorambucil and/or cyclophosphamide; and five with cyclosporin A. At the end of study, only three children failed such drug therapy, two of who had focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: el-Reshaid
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kapoor
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nampoory
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Madda
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jawad
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Johny
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001706:Biopsy; D002648:Child; D005921:Glomerulonephritis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D007730:Kuwait; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D011241:Prednisone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D011241:Prednisone