title: Semantic processing deficits in patients with Parkinson's disease: degraded representation or defective retrieval?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether degraded representations (characterized by small differences between word sense frequencies), or defective competitive processes (high levels of word sense lateral inhibition), individually or jointly, can give rise to parkinsonian semantic deficits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Computer model of semantic processing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Correct sense selection, defined by the activation of the word sense unit that first reaches the 0.5 activation threshold. If Parkinson disease (PD)-like errors are observed only at high levels of lateral inhibition, independently of low or high sense frequency deltas (SFDs), this would indicate that a defective competitive process alone could account for the errors. Alternatively, if PD-like errors were observed at any level of lateral inhibition, exclusively with low SFD words, this would indicate that degraded representations alone could account for the errors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neither degraded representations nor defective competitive processes alone can account for parkinsonian semantic errors. An interaction between the 2, however, correctly reproduces both increased errors and longer latency responses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Competing explanations for semantic deficits in patients with Parkinson's disease need to be integrated in order to develop effective interventions (e.g., estimating the amount of context required to improve semantic processing performance).
authors.affiliation: Department of Computing, School of Mathematics, Physics, Computing and Electronics, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Watters
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Patel
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007806:Language Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications*; D012660:Semantics; D012720:Severity of Illness Index