title: A comparison of the mode of action of ATP and carbachol on isolated human detrusor smooth muscle.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of the study were: i) to examine the ability of carbachol and ATP to raise intracellular [Ca2+] in isolated detrusor myocytes; ii) to determine the origin of the intracellular Ca2+ and iii) to address the question of whether the appearance of purinergic contractions in detrusor from unstable and obstructed human bladders is reflected in the sensitivity of the cell to the two agonists.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intracellular Ca2+ transients generated by extracellular ATP and carbachol were recorded from isolated human detrusor myocytes. Cells were dissociated by collagenase disruption of the biopsy. Intracellular Ca2+ was measured by epifluorescence microscopy using Fura-2 and electrophysiological recordings were made with patch electrodes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In cells from stable bladder biopsies the half-maximal concentrations (EC50) for ATP and carbachol to generate Ca2+ transients were 0.10 and 0.25 microM respectively. With cells from unstable bladders the EC50 values for both agonists and the magnitude of the Ca2+ transients were not significantly different from those obtained in cells from normal bladders. The transient in ATP was preceded by a transient depolarisation generated by a large inward current. The carbachol-Ca2+ transient was independent of changes to membrane potential, except in a subset of cells where complex membrane potential changes followed the rise of intracellular Ca2+. The ATP-Ca2+ transient was partially abolished by nicardipine and completely abolished by zero-Ca solutions, the carbachol-Ca2+ transient was unaffected by nicardipine and less completely attenuated by zero-Ca solutions. Prior exposure to caffeine suggested that the carbachol-Ca2+ transient, but not the ATP-Ca2+ transient, originated from intracellular stores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is concluded that both agonists are equipotent in increasing intracellular Ca2+, but by different routes. The generation of purinergic contractions in detrusor from unstable bladder is not due to altered sensitivities of the detrusor myocyte to ATP or cholinergic agonists.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Urology & Nephrology, University College London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bayliss
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Newgreen
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Mundy
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Fry
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018679:Cholinergic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects*; D009529:Nicardipine / Q000494:pharmacology; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D018679:Cholinergic Agonists; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D002217:Carbachol; D009529:Nicardipine; D002118:Calcium