title: Protein kinase C prevents oligodendrocyte differentiation: modulation of actin cytoskeleton and cognate polarized membrane traffic.
abstract: In a previous study, we showed that activation of protein kinase C (PKC) prevents oligodendrocyte differentiation at the pro-oligodendrocyte stage. The present study was undertaken to identify downstream targets of PKC action in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Activation of PKC induced the predominant phosphorylation of an 80-kD protein, identified as myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS). Upon phosphorylation, MARCKS is translocated from the plasma membrane to the cytosol. Furthermore, PKC activation perturbed the organization of the actin cytoskeleton, causing a redistribution of actin filaments to the submembranous or cortical actin cytoskeleton. As a consequence, transport of a protein traffic marker, the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein, from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane becomes perturbed. The effect of disruption of the actin filament network by cytochalasin D perfectly matched the effect of PKC. These data thus favor the existence of a causal relationship between actin rearrangement and docking and/or fusion of proteins to the plasma membrane. Interestingly, neither in control cells nor in PKC-activated cells did another protein traffic marker, influenza hemagglutinin (HA), reach the cell surface. However, an eminent and specific accumulation of HA just underneath the plasma membrane became apparent upon PKC activation. Yet, this effect could not be simulated by cytochalasin D treatment. Therefore, these observations imply that although MARCKS represents a prominent PKC target site in regulating differentiation, another target involves the differential control of cognate polarized trafficking pathways, which are apparently operating in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Baron
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hoekstra
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000502:physiology; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology; D016764:Cell Polarity / Q000502:physiology*; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000502:physiology; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D000076250:Myristoylated Alanine-Rich C Kinase Substrate; D009836:Oligodendroglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure* / Q000821:virology; D009975:Orthomyxoviridae / Q000502:physiology; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000502:physiology*; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D002147:Calmodulin; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C000619712:Marcks protein, rat; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D013449:Sulfonamides; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D000076250:Myristoylated Alanine-Rich C Kinase Substrate; C017967:W 7; D011493:Protein Kinase C