title: Interleukin-1 inhibits gamma interferon-induced bacteriostasis in human uroepithelial cells.
abstract: The most prominent gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-induced antimicrobial effector mechanisms are the induction of nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) and of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity. We have recently found that human glioblastoma cells and human macrophages inhibit the growth of group B streptococci after stimulation with IFN-gamma. In this report, we show that in addition, human RT4 (uroepithelial) cells can inhibit the growth of enterococci. Murine macrophages (RAW cells) are unable to inhibit bacterial growth after IFN-gamma stimulation. Stimulation of human glioblastoma cells, macrophages, and RT4 cells with human IFN-gamma results in a strong expression of IDO activity; however, NO production remains undetectable. In strong contrast, murine RAW cells produce large amounts of NO when stimulated with murine IFN-gamma and IDO activity is not detectable. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) induces NO synthase in human RT4 cells when the cells are costimulated with IFN-gamma. We found that IL-1 inhibits IFN-gamma-stimulated IDO activity and antimicrobial effects in RT4 cells, while in human glioblastoma cells, which lack detectable NO synthase activity, neither of these effects was altered by costimulation with IFN-gamma and IL-1. The IL-1-mediated inhibition of IDO activity and of subsequent antibacterial effect is due to the production of NO. This conclusion was supported by evidence that N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine, a competitive inhibitor of inducible NOS activity, is able to block the inhibitory action of IL-1 on IFN-gamma-induced bacteriostasis. We therefore conclude that NO production does not inhibit the growth of enterococci but might be involved in the regulation of IDO activity in some human cells.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Microbiology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany. daeubene@uni-duesseldorf.de
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Däubener
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hucke
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Seidel
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hadding
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: MacKenzie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D014366:Tryptophan Oxygenase / Q000502:physiology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; D007375:Interleukin-1; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D014366:Tryptophan Oxygenase; C496319:NOS2 protein, human; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse