title: Assessment of the treatment effect of enoxaparin for unstable angina/non-Q-wave myocardial infarction. TIMI 11B-ESSENCE meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Two phase III trials of enoxaparin for unstable angina/non-Q-wave myocardial infarction have shown it to be superior to unfractionated heparin for preventing a composite of death and cardiac ischemic events. A prospectively planned meta-analysis was performed to provide a more precise estimate of the effects of enoxaparin on multiple end points.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Event rates for death, the composite end points of death/nonfatal myocardial infarction and death/nonfatal myocardial infarction/urgent revascularization, and major hemorrhage were extracted from the TIMI 11B and ESSENCE databases. Treatment effects at days 2, 8, 14, and 43 were expressed as the OR (and 95% CI) for enoxaparin versus unfractionated heparin. All heterogeneity tests for efficacy end points were negative, which suggests comparability of the findings in TIMI 11B and ESSENCE. Enoxaparin was associated with a 20% reduction in death and serious cardiac ischemic events that appeared within the first few days of treatment, and this benefit was sustained through 43 days. Enoxaparin's treatment benefit was not associated with an increase in major hemorrhage during the acute phase of therapy, but there was an increase in the rate of minor hemorrhage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The accumulated evidence, coupled with the simplicity of subcutaneous administration and elimination of the need for anticoagulation monitoring, indicates that enoxaparin should be considered as a replacement for unfractionated heparin as the antithrombin for the acute phase of management of patients with high-risk unstable angina/non-Q-wave myocardial infarction.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. eantman@rics.bwh.harvard.edu
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Antman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Radley
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McCabe
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rush
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Premmereur
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Braunwald
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017985:Dalteparin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004562:Electrocardiography; D017984:Enoxaparin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D065427:Factor Xa Inhibitors; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006493:Heparin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D024764:Hirudin Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D017762:Nadroparin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D017984:Enoxaparin; D065427:Factor Xa Inhibitors; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D017762:Nadroparin; D006493:Heparin; D017985:Dalteparin