title: Repolarizing currents in ventricular myocytes from young patients with tetralogy of Fallot.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It was the aim of our study to describe repolarizing currents in ventricular myocytes isolated from children with tetralogy of Fallot. This is the first report on outward currents in ventricular myocytes from children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ventricular myocytes were isolated from tissue samples of the outflow tract of the right ventricle which were obtained during corrective surgery of tetralogy of Fallot. Action potentials and whole-cell currents were recorded with the patch clamp technique at a temperature of 36-37 degrees C.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean resting potential was -71.7 +/- 1.92 mV, action potential amplitude was 110 +/- 2.96 mV and action potential duration at 90% repolarization was 794 +/- 99.5 ms (n = 12). In four out of 12 myocytes early afterdepolarizations (EADs) were observed. Upon hyperpolarization Ba(2+)-sensitive inward currents similar to the inward rectifier current (IKl) could be observed. The current density at -120 mV was -22.8 +/- 2.47 pA/pF (n = 14). A transient outward current (Itol) could be recorded in all myocytes studied, the current density varied from 0.3 to 8.6 pA/pF with a mean of 3.77 +/- 0.47 pA/pF at +40 mV (n = 38). Recovery of Itol from inactivation was fast (70% recovery within 100 ms), rate-dependent reduction amounted to 38.2% at 4 Hz. A delayed rectifier current was seen in only two out of 38 myocytes (rapid component IKr).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The electrophysiological characteristics of right ventricular myocytes isolated from children with tetralogy of Fallot resemble in most cases subendocardial myocytes from adults. The most prominent difference is a fast recovery from inactivation as well as a small rate dependent reduction of Itol. The observed EADs may have clinical implications.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik, Universität Graz, Austria. Schaffer@balu.kfunigraz.ac.at
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schaffer
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pelzmann
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bernhart
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mächler
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rigler
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Koidl
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006352:Heart Ventricles; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; D013771:Tetralogy of Fallot / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase