title: SPECT with 99mTc-HMPAO in subjects with HIV infection: cognitive dysfunction correlates with high uptake.
abstract: We prospectively studied a cohort of 25 HIV-1 infected individuals with no clinical signs of encephalopathy with 99mTc-HMPAO-SPECT. The findings were correlated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), neuropsychological testing and clinical staging aiming at the early diagnosis of HIV encephalopathy by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). A total of 25 matched seronegative controls were subject to neuropsychological testing only. A total of 24 patients and controls were monitored for 6-46 months (mean and median 26 months). No patients developed AIDS dementia complex during the study; 3 patients developed minimal symptoms (MSK classification stage 0.5). There was a significant decline in 99mTc-HMPAO uptake over time and neuropsychological abnormalities progressed. Unexpectedly, there was a correlation of high cortical and subcortical 99mTc-HMPAO uptake and low performance in cognitive dysfunction tests, indicating a possible inflammatory reaction in the brain with increased blood flow due to HIV infection. We conclude that, in non-demented HIV-infected individuals, both the 99mTc-HMPAO uptake and functional level slowly decrease over time, but the regional cerebral blood flow decrease could be masked by a direct HIV-induced inflammatory reaction in the brain, which gives a 99mTc-HMPAO hyperfixation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Christensson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ljungberg
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ryding
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Svenson
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rosén
mesh_terms: D015526:AIDS Dementia Complex / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D000328:Adult; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D019690:Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019690:Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime