title: Loss of heterozygosity and lack of mutations of the XPG/ERCC5 DNA repair gene at 13q33 in prostate cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Three regions of chromosome 13 were previously identified for having loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in human prostate cancer. One of them, at 13q33, was defined by LOH at markers D13S158 and D13S280. The XPG/ERCC5 gene, a DNA repair gene that when mutated in the germline leads to xeroderma pigmentosum, has been mapped to 13q33, within one megabase of D13S158 and D13S280. This paper describes LOH and mutational analysis of the XPG gene in human prostate cancers, in order to determine whether the XPG gene is involved in the development of prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  LOH of the XPG gene was analyzed in 40 primary prostate cancers and 14 metastases by using the microsatellite assay, and its mutations were examined in 5 cell lines, 14 metastases, and 8 tumors with LOH at 13q33 by using the single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP)-direct DNA sequencing analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four of the 29 (14%) informative primary tumors and 4 of 8 (50%) metastases showed LOH for the XPG gene. Analysis of the 8 tumors with LOH at the 13q33 region, 14 metastases, and 5 cell lines of prostate cancer revealed two polymorphisms but no mutation of the gene. The polymorphism in exon 2 did not change the amino-acid sequence of the XPG protein, but the exon 15 polymorphism altered codon 1104 from histidine to aspartic acid. The two polymorphisms also occurred in individuals without prostate cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LOH at XPG in prostate cancer supports the conclusion that the 13q33 region contains a gene important in the development of prostate cancer, while lack of mutations of the gene suggests that XPG is not the target gene involved.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA.
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Hyytinen
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Frierson
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Sipe
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Degeorges
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Sikes
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Dong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002882:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13 / Q000235:genetics*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000235:genetics*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D004720:Endonucleases; D006801:Humans; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000099250:DNA Excision Repair Protein ERCC-5
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004720:Endonucleases; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000099250:DNA Excision Repair Protein ERCC-5