title: Gelatin-sealed polyester resists Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to show that gelatin-impregnated polyester grafts inhibit Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm infection in a canine model of aortic graft interposition. A clinically native species and two engineered strains, which differed in slime and adhesin antigen components, were compared to determine differential gelatin and slime interactions.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro bacterial graft colonization was validated by immersion of graft segments in inoculating solutions (10(6) colony forming units/ml) of a clinically native species RP62A and two genetically engineered S. epidermidis species, M187sn3 (SN3: slime and adhesin negative) or M187sp11 (SP11: slime and adhesin positive), for 18 h at 23 degrees C. The grafts were washed, sonicated, and cultured to assess in vitro bacterial graft adherence. Grafts similarly inoculated were placed as aortic interposition grafts in dogs. Three sterile grafts were implanted as controls. Grafts were excised after 6 weeks and cultured for bacterial growth as in the in vitro study. Infection was defined by a positive culture in the excised grafts. Data were analyzed with nonparametric statistical methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vitro bacterial graft adherence in colony forming units per milliliter was similar at 18 h postsonication for RP62A (8 x 10(4) +/- 1 x 10(4)), SN3 (7 x 10(4) +/- 2 x 10(4)), and SP11 (6 x 10(4) +/- 2 x 10(4)) (P = NS). Only one of five grafts inoculated with RP62A was culture positive after 6 weeks. No grafts inoculated with the engineered strains SN3 or SP11 were culture positive after explanation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In vitro bacterial inoculation of gelatin-impregnated polyester was similar among the species and not dependent upon the presence of slime and adhesin components. Gelatin-impregnated polyester grafts demonstrated in vivo resistance to coagulase-negative staphylococcal biofilm infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin and the Zablocki Veterans Administration Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farooq
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Freischlag
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Seabrook
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cambria
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Towne
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000637:transplantation; D018441:Biofilms; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D005780:Gelatin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011091:Polyesters; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: D011091:Polyesters; D005780:Gelatin