title: Nrf2 is essential for protection against acute pulmonary injury in mice.
abstract: Nrf2 is a member of the "cap 'n' collar" family of transcription factors. These transcription factors bind to the NF-E2 binding sites (GCTGAGTCA) that are essential for the regulation of erythroid-specific genes. Nrf2 is expressed in a wide range of tissues, many of which are sites of expression for phase 2 detoxification genes. Nrf2(-/-) mice are viable and have a normal phenotype under normal laboratory conditions. The NF-E2 binding site is a subset of the antioxidant response elements that have the sequence GCNNNGTCA. The antioxidant response elements are regulatory sequences found on promoters of several phase 2 detoxification genes that are inducible by xenobiotics and antioxidants. We report here that Nrf2(-/-) mice are extremely susceptible to the administration of the antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene. With doses of butylated hydroxytoluene that are tolerated by wild-type mice, the Nrf2(-/-) mice succumb from acute respiratory distress syndrome. Gene expression studies show that the expression of several detoxification enzymes is altered in the Nrf2(-/-) mice. The Nrf2(-/-) mice may prove to be a good in vivo model for toxicological studies. As oxidative damage causes DNA breakage, these mice may also be useful for testing carcinogenic agents.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0793, USA. ywkan.pangloss.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Y W
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Kan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002084:Butylated Hydroxytoluene / Q000633:toxicity; D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; C495636:Nfe2l2 protein, mouse; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D015534:Trans-Activators; D002084:Butylated Hydroxytoluene