title: Long-term outcome of patients with unexplained syncope treated with an electrophysiologic-guided approach in the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator era.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the long-term outcome of patients with coronary artery disease and unexplained syncope who were treated with an electrophysiologic (EP)-guided approach.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Electrophysiologic studies are frequently performed to evaluate unexplained syncope in patients with coronary artery disease. Patients with this profile who have inducible ventricular tachycardia are considered at high risk for sudden death and increased overall mortality, and therefore are often treated with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). The impact of this EP-guided strategy is unknown because there are no data comparing the long-term outcome of ICD recipients with that of noninducible patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 67 consecutive patients with coronary artery disease and unexplained syncope. All patients were treated with an EP-guided approach that included ICD implantation in patients with inducible ventricular tachycardia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Electrophysiologic testing suggested a plausible diagnosis in 32 (48%) of these patients. Inducible monomorphic ventricular tachycardia was the most common abnormality. Despite frequent appropriate therapy with ICDs, the total mortality for patients with inducible monomorphic ventricular tachycardia was significantly higher than for noninducible patients. The respective one- and two-year survival rates were 94% and 84% in noninducible patients and 77% and 45% in inducible patients (p = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Electrophysiologic testing suggests an etiology for unexplained syncope in approximately 50% of patients and risk stratifies these patients with regard to long-term outcome. Patients who receive an ICD for the management of inducible ventricular tachycardia have a high incidence of spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias requiring ICD therapy. However, despite ICD implantation and frequent appropriate delivery of ICD therapies, patients with inducible ventricular tachycardia have a significantly worse prognosis than do those who are noninducible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, the New York Hospital-Cornell University Medical Center, New York 10021, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mittal
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iwai
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Markowitz
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Slotwiner
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Lerman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D013575:Syncope / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D017180:Tachycardia, Ventricular / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome