title: Primary in situ extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in the management of ureteric calculi: results with a third-generation lithotripter.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the results of primary in situ extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for the treatment of ureteric stones using a third-generation lithotripter, the Dornier MFL 5000 (Dornier Medizentechnic, Germany).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study comprised a retrospective review of treatment outcome in 180 patients with 196 stones who were treated with primary in situ ESWL, assessing the success of this approach and establishing reasons for failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the 3-month follow-up, 88% of patients were stone-free; 21 patients failed ESWL and were treated by ureteroscopic stone extraction with no complications. Stone-free rates were 90% for upper ureteric, 89% for middle-third and 86% for lower-third calculi. Twenty-one patients required auxiliary procedures in the form of JJ stenting or nephrostomy. Failure of ESWL was associated with stone size (>1.3 cm) but not location or inadequate treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Where prompt access to ESWL is available, primary in situ ESWL remains an effective form of treatment for all ureteric calculi, although stone-free rates are lower for larger stones.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
authors.forename: V J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Gnanapragasam
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Ramsden
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Murthy
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000628:therapy*