title: 131I radioimmunotherapy and fractionated external beam radiotherapy: comparative effectiveness in a human tumor xenograft.
abstract: This article compares the effectiveness of radiation delivered by a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody, 131I-labeled A33, that targets colorectal carcinoma, with that of 10 fractions of conventional 320 kVp x-rays.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human colorectal cancer xenografts (SW1222) ranging between 0.14 and 0.84 g were grown in nude mice. These were treated either with escalating activities (3.7-18.5 MBq) of 131I-labeled A33 or 10 fractions of 320 kVp x-rays (fraction sizes from 1.5 to 5 Gy). Tumor dosimetry was determined from a similar group of tumor-bearing animals by serial kill, tumor resection and counting of radioactivity in a gamma counter. The relative effectiveness of the two radiation therapy treatment approaches was compared in terms of tumor regrowth delay and probability of tumor cure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The absorbed dose to tumor per MBq administered was estimated as 3.7 Gy (+/-1 Gy; 95% confidence interval). We observed a close to linear increase in tumor regrowth delay with escalating administered activity. Equitumor response of 1311 monoclonal antibody A33 was observed at average radiation doses to the tumor three times greater than when delivered by fractionated external beam radiotherapy. The relationship between the likelihood of tumor cure and administered activity was less predictable than that for regrowth delay.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The relative effectiveness per unit dose of radiation therapy delivered by 131I-labeled A33 monoclonal antibodies was approximately one third of that produced by fractionated external beam radiotherapy, when measured by tumor regrowth delay.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics, and Clinical Immunology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA.
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Barendswaard
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: O'Donoghue
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tschmelitsch
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Welt
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Finn
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Humm
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D016499:Radioimmunotherapy; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; C104258:GPA33 protein, human; C504395:Gpa33 protein, mouse; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins