title: CT findings of pulmonary tuberculosis presenting as segmental consolidation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of our study was to determine specific CT findings of tuberculous pneumonia presenting as segmental or lobar consolidation along with a pathologic review of specimens with similar radiographic patterns.
  
  
  METHODS
  CT findings of 45 cases of proven tuberculous pneumonia and 21 proven nontuberculous pneumonia were compared. Pathologic findings of five surgically resected tuberculous pneumonia cases were also investigated. The presence of fluid bronchogram (linear, branching shadow of fluid attenuation) and inner low attenuation/cavitation in the area of consolidation, luminal dilatation, and wall thickening of proximal bronchi were the main points sought on CT scan. In addition, the presence of bronchogenic dissemination, lymph node enlargement, and pleural lesions was also checked for in the unaffected area of both lungs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The following bronchial changes were seen in the tuberculous pneumonia and nontuberculous pneumonia groups, respectively: fluid bronchogram in 68.9 and 23.8% (p < 0.05), bronchial luminal dilatation in 60.0 and 23.8% (p < 0.05), and bronchial wall thickening of the proximal airway leading to the area of consolidation in 52.8 and 7% (p < 0.05). Bronchogenic dissemination outside the consolidation appeared in 88.9 and 52.4% (p < 0.05), respectively. In the tuberculous pneumonia group, lymph node enlargement and pleural reaction were seen in 55.6 and 35.6%, respectively, but in 42.9 and 57.1% in the nontuberculous pneumonia group (p > 0.05). Histologically, tuberculous pneumonia showed either bronchioles containing inflammatory exudates and submucosal granuloma or alveoli containing aggregates of alveolar macrophages or cellular debris.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fluid bronchogram in the area of homogeneous consolidation, bronchial luminal dilatation, and bronchial wall thickening of the proximal airway were the bronchial changes more significantly prominent in the tuberculous pneumonia group. We suspect that these findings may represent tuberculous bronchitis in small airways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Research Institute of Radiologic Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Y K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Joo
authors.forename: K O
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Choe
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000382:microbiology; D001995:Bronchography; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000382:microbiology; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000382:microbiology