title: Cost of schizophrenia to UK Society. An incidence-based cost-of-illness model for the first 5 years following diagnosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study estimated the cost to UK society of an annual cohort of newly diagnosed patients with schizophrenia over the first 5 years following diagnosis, using an incidence-based cost-of-illness framework.
  
  
  METHODS
  A discrete event model of the course of schizophrenia was constructed, based on a literature review and interviews among a panel of healthcare professionals (n = 7). Seven discrete disease states were defined within the model. Patients' movements between these disease states enabled 10 disease courses to be identified. In each disease state, the model estimated resource use and corresponding costs borne by the National Health Service (NHS), Local Authorities, the Home Office and society as a result of lost productivity.
  
  
  METHODS
  The model simulated patients' movements between disease states over the first 5 years following diagnosis. Since there are 7500 new cases of schizophrenia per year in the UK, the model was run for 7500 patient simulations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total discounted cost to society attributable to an annual cohort of newly-diagnosed patients with schizophrenia over the first 5 years following diagnosis was estimated at 862 million Pounds (range: 788 million Pounds to 926 million Pounds in sensitivity analysis). The discounted mean 5-year cost was estimated to be approximately 115,000 Pounds (range: 105,000 Pounds to 124,000 Pounds) per patient or approximately 23,000 Pounds (range: 21,000 Pounds to 25,000 Pounds) per patient per year. The NHS accounted for 38% of the total cost, Local Authorities for 12% and the Home Office for 1%. Indirect costs due to lost productivity accounted for 49%. Of the NHS costs, hospital admissions accounted for 69% and hospital visits (outpatient, day ward and day centre attendances) for a further 26%. Drugs (antipsychotics and adjunctive medications) accounted for 2%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NHS expenditure and lost productivity costs predominated, irrespective of disease course. This indicates that treatments that reduce hospitalisation and potentially enable patients to return to active employment could significantly reduce the societal burden of schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: CATALYST Health Economics Consultants Limited, Pinner, Middlesex, England. catalyst@dial.pipex.com
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Guest
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Cookson
mesh_terms: D017281:Cost of Illness; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D006801:Humans; D018803:Models, Economic; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics*; D006113:United Kingdom