title: Respiratory effects of spinal immobilization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of whole-body spinal immobilization on respiration.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a randomized, crossover laboratory study with 39 human volunteer subjects (20 males; 19 females) ranging in age from 7 to 85 years. Respiratory function was measured three times: at baseline (seated or lying), immobilized with a Philadelphia collar on a hard wooden backboard, and on a Scandinavian vacuum mattress with a vacuum collar. The comfort levels of each of the two methods were assessed on a forced Likert scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both immobilization methods restricted respiration, 15% on the average. The effects were similar under the two immobilization conditions, although the FEV1 was lower on the vacuum mattress. Respiratory restriction was more pronounced at the extremes of age. The vacuum mattress was significantly more comfortable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study confirmed the previously reported respiratory restriction caused by spinal immobilization. Vacuum mattresses are more comfortable than wooden backboards.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Catholic Medical Center, Jamaica, New York 11439, USA. totten@erols.com
authors.forename: V Y
authors.initials: VY
authors.lastname: Totten
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Sugarman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002648:Child; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007103:Immobilization / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012119:Respiration; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D013131:Spine