title: Transesophageal echocardiographic visualization of left ventricular malpositioned pacemaker electrodes: implications for lead extraction procedures.
abstract: Two cases of malpositioned LV electrodes are presented. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) allowed for a careful inspection of left-sided leads and for tracking their course. One LV and two right-sided leads were safely retrieved with TEE monitoring. One chronic LV lead was left in place as it was heavily fibrosed. TEE was helpful in the inspection and monitoring of the extraction and also in guided traction efforts. This is the first published report of echocardiographic visualization of the lead retrieval procedure.
authors.affiliation: University of California, Irvine, USA.
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Orlov
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Messenger
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tobias
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Waider
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Winters
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schandling
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Castellanet
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D020878:Device Removal / Q000379:methods*; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*