title: The organization of verbs of knowing: evidence for cultural commonality and variation in theory of mind.
abstract: Cross-cultural commonality and variation in folk theories of knowing were studied by examining the organization of verbs of knowing in German and Japanese adults. German and Japanese adults performed one of two tasks: a similarity judgment task and an attribute rating task. Organizational structure was assessed for the similarity judgment task using multidimensional scaling and additive similarity tree analyses. The attribute rating task was used to describe the characteristics that organized the dimensions and clusters emerging from the scaling solutions. The folk theory of mind displayed was an information processing model with constructive components, although the constructive aspects were more salient for the Germans than for the Japanese.
authors.affiliation: College of Education, Department of Educational Psychology, Research and Measurement, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, USA. pschwane@coe.uga.edu
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Schwanenflugel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003071:Cognition; D003210:Concept Formation; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D007802:Language; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D014177:Translations; D014936:Word Association Tests