[Late onset polyneuropathy due to exposure to organophosphates].
BACKGROUND
Organophosphate esters are widely used both in agriculture and in industry and may give rise to acute intoxication due to their direct anticholinesterase effect. Less often a polyneuropathic syndrome of late onset may occur. This is predominantly motor, symmetrical, with muscle atrophy and pyramidal signs. These neurotoxic features are due to inhibition of the target esterase of this neuropathy. Histopathological studies show axon degeneration of 'dying back' type.


METHODS
We present the case of a 24 year old man with severe sensomotor neuropathy, predominantly distal, with marked atrophy of the interosseus muscles, claw hand and foot drop, together with increased deep tendon reflexes. This patient had worked on the land, cultivating maize, from the age of 14, when his symptoms began and became progressively worse. On electromyography there was sensomotor peripheral polyneuropathy, which was primarily axonal and predominantly motor and distal. Peripheral nerve biopsy confirmed the presence of 'dying back' type axonopathy. Extensive biochemical investigations ruled out other causes of polyneuropathy. Cerebral resonance study was normal.


CONCLUSIONS
Agricultural workers chronically exposed to organophosphate insecticides, without adequate protection, have an increased risk of developing late onset neuropathy due to organophosphates. The risk of developing late onset neuropathy is not necessarily related to a history of acute intoxication, since chronic sublethal exposure may mean that previous acute anticholinergic symptoms pass undetected.
Carod-Artal
F J
FJ
Servicio de Neurología, Red Sarah de Hospitales del Aparato Locomotor, Brasilia DF, Brasil. javier@bsb.sarah.br
Speck-Martins
C
C
D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000382:Agricultural Workers' Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis; D016573:Agrochemicals / Q000009:adverse effects; D001369:Axons / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007306:Insecticides / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000139:chemically induced; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D011712:Pyramidal Tracts / Q000187:drug effects; D012307:Risk Factors
D016573:Agrochemicals; D007306:Insecticides; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds