title: Immunoglobulin profile in HIV-1 infected children in Dar es Salaam.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine immunoglobulin levels in HIV-1 seronegative and HIV-1 seropositive children at different clinical stages of HIV infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lugalo and Mwanayamala mother and child clinics in Dar es Salaam.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and ninety-nine children aged 18 months to five years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Estimation of immunoglobulin classes (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD and IgE).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean serum levels of all immunoglobulin classes were significantly higher (p < 0.0001) among the HIV-1 seropositive children (IgG = 22.9 g/l, IgA = 2.2 g/l, IgM 2.7 g/l, IgD 101.5 IU/ml and IgE 887.7 IU/ml) than among the HIV-1 seronegative children (IgG = 11.3 g/l, IgA = 1.0 g/l, IgM = 1.5 g/l, IgD = 27.8 UI/ml and IgE 341.3 UI/ml). The percentages of HIV-infected children with immunoglobulin concentrations above mean level were 83% for IgG, 77% for IgA, 78% for IgM, 73% for IgD and 78% for IgE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIV seropositive children have higher levels of immunoglobulin than seronegative children. There was no correlation between the levels of immunoglobulin classes and CDC clinical staging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Lyamuya
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Matee
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kasubi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Scheutz
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D018023:HIV Seronegativity / Q000276:immunology*; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood*; D007072:Immunoglobulin D / Q000097:blood*; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood*; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D013636:Tanzania; D014504:Urban Health
chemical_list: D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007072:Immunoglobulin D; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D007073:Immunoglobulin E