title: Orbitofrontal cortex dysfunction in obsessive-compulsive disorder? II. Olfactory quality discrimination in obsessive-compulsive disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Olfactory quality discrimination is a putative marker of orbitofrontal cortex function in mammals. As this portion of the cerebral cortex was repeatedly implicated in the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) this study was designed in an attempt to quantify this behavioural function in OCD patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Olfactory quality discrimination was compared in OCD patients and healthy controls. Thirty two subjects participated in the study: 16 (13 women and 3 men) medication free OCD outpatients and 16 sex and age matched healthy controls. Olfactory tests consisted of determination of detection thresholds to isoamyl acetate, and a three way forced choice quality discrimination task, using isoamyl acetate, citral and eugenol as stimuli. No significant differences in sensitivity and performance of the quality discrimination task between the two groups were found. Within the OCD group the more severely affected patients (Y-BOCS>29) performed significantly better than the less severely affected (Y-BOCS<30) patients on the more difficult part of the quality discrimination task. Within this subgroup of patients the correlation between performance on the olfactory task and a previously reported alternation task tended to be negative as compared to a significantly positive correlation in the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It seems that olfactory quality discrimination may prove to be a useful noninvasive marker of prefrontal cortex function in OCD. Furthermore, the organization of functional modules within the orbitofrontal cortex, rather than a simple dysfunction, may prove to characterize OCD.
authors.affiliation: Anxiety Disorders and Behavior Therapy Unit, Geha Psychiatric Hospital, Petach Tikva and Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hermesh
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zohar
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weizman
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Voet
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gross-Isseroff
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000857:Olfaction Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012903:Smell / Q000502:physiology*