title: STAT5b down-regulates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha transcription by inhibition of ligand-independent activation function region-1 trans-activation domain.
abstract: Growth hormone-activated STAT5b inhibits by up to 80% the transcriptional activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha, a nuclear receptor activated by diverse environmental chemicals and hypolipidemic drugs classified as peroxisome proliferators. This inhibitory cross-talk between STAT5b and PPAR is now reported for PPAR forms gamma and delta and for thyroid hormone receptor, indicating a more general potential for inhibitory cross-talk between JAK/STAT and nuclear receptor signaling pathways. Further investigations revealed that SOCS-3, a growth hormone-inducible negative regulator of cytokine signaling to STAT5b, abolished the STAT5b inhibitory response. A constitutively active STAT5b mutant failed to inhibit PPARalpha activity, indicating that STAT5b does not induce synthesis of a more proximal PPARalpha inhibitor. STAT5b inhibition was not reversed by overexpression of the heterodimerization partner of PPAR (retinoid X receptor) or the nuclear receptor coactivators P300 and SRC-1, suggesting that STAT5b does not inhibit PPARalpha by competing for these limiting cellular cofactors. STAT5b did not inhibit a chimeric receptor comprised of yeast GAL4 DNA-binding domain linked to the ligand binding/AF-2 trans-activation domain of PPARalpha, indicating that the COOH-terminal AF-2 domain of PPAR is not the target of STAT5b inhibition. Rather, STAT5b inhibited transcription driven by the NH(2)-terminal ligand-independent AF-1 trans-activation domain of PPARalpha in a GAL4-linked chimera by approximately 80%. The conservation of this AF-1 trans-activation function in many nuclear receptors suggests that AF-1 may serve as an important target for inhibitory cross-talk between STAT transcription factors and nuclear receptors in a variety of signaling pathways.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Waxman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019556:COS Cells; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; D008024:Ligands; D008894:Milk Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D056920:Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 1; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D020239:Receptor Cross-Talk; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D050799:STAT5 Transcription Factor; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D008024:Ligands; D008894:Milk Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D050799:STAT5 Transcription Factor; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; D056920:Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 1