title: Survey of USAF flight surgeons regarding clinical preventive services, using CHD as an indicator.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A recent Department of Defense study revealed that nonpharmacologic therapy is not well documented in medical records of individuals identified at risk for coronary heart disease (CHD). Exercise and weight control are often underemphasized relative to dietary and medication interventions, even in medical journal review articles on management of dyslipidemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature review of interventions consisting of exercise alone or with diet is presented. A brief survey was developed to assess the knowledge and beliefs of USAF flight surgeons regarding training received for, and delivery of, clinical preventive services. In addition, the respondents were given a scenario patient with high cholesterol to manage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The literature review demonstrates the beneficial effect of exercise alone or with dietary interventions on reducing total cholesterol and increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The survey reveals that USAF flight surgeons believe that more preventive medicine training is needed in the USAF flight surgeon course, graduate medical education, and medical school. Given a scenario patient with hypercholesterolemia, the flight surgeons believe that nonpharmacologic therapy with consults to the base Health and Wellness Center (HAWC), along with follow-up by the physician, is appropriate initial medical treatment rather than pharmacologic therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The primary treatment for prevention of CHD should be an organized exercise and diet program. This treatment is proven effective through clinical trials and is supported by the flight surgeon survey results. Additional benefits of an organized exercise and diet program include decreased obesity with its associated complications, decreased incidence of hypertension, decreased cancer risk, and decreased risk for diabetes mellitus.
authors.affiliation: USAF School of Aerospace Medicine, Brooks AFB, TX 78235-5252, USA. philipjlavallee@pol.net
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Lavallee
authors.forename: V P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Fonseca
mesh_terms: D000337:Aerospace Medicine / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008503:Medical Staff / Q000193:education* / Q000523:psychology; D008887:Military Medicine / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011314:Preventive Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017749:Total Quality Management / Q000458:organization & administration; D014481:United States