title: Interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) enhances cytotoxicity in healthy volunteers and chronic hepatitis C infection mainly by the perforin pathway.
abstract: Cell-mediated cytotoxicity is exerted via perforin and Fas ligand (FasL). We have recently shown that IFN-alpha up-regulates FasL expression in T cells isolated from healthy volunteers and augments activation-induced T cell death. Since the Fas/FasL system is implicated in the pathogenesis of hepatic failure and both molecules have been shown to be up-regulated in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, we studied whether cytotoxicity via the FasL system is enhanced by IFN-alpha and therefore could contribute to hepatic injury. We investigated FasL and perforin expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) derived from HCV+ donors by Northern analysis and soluble FasL synthesis by ELISA. Natural killer (NK) cell and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) cytotoxicity was studied by 51Cr-release assays. IFN-alpha up-regulates FasL mRNA and protein synthesis in mitogen-activated PBMC of HCV+ individuals, as previously found in healthy subjects. Stimulation with IFN-alpha increases perforin mRNA levels in PBMC. In NK cytotoxicity assays, the enhancement of cytotoxicity by IFN-alpha is mainly due to the perforin pathway, while the FasL pathway plays only a minor role. In CTL cytotoxicity experiments neither the FasL nor the perforin pathway is further enhanced by IFN-alpha. Our data suggest that up-regulation of perforin by IFN-alpha results in elevated cytotoxicity, suggesting that IFN-alpha might support elimination of virally infected cells via this pathway. In contrast, the major effect of IFN-alpha on the Fas/FasL system might be the enhanced elimination of activated T cells as a means of finally limiting a T cell response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaser
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Enrich
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ludwiczek
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tilg
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003208:Concanavalin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000378:metabolism; D003601:Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D007959:Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed; D018942:Macrolides; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D054353:Perforin; D052899:Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; C505661:FASLG protein, human; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D018942:Macrolides; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D052899:Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D003208:Concanavalin A; D054353:Perforin; C036978:concanamycin A