title: The testis-specific expression pattern of the growth hormone/placental lactogen (GH/PL) gene cluster changes with malignancy.
abstract: Growth hormone (GH) and placental lactogen (PL) gene transcription patterns in testicular germ cell tumors (GCT) and normal testicular tissue were comparatively investigated to identify GH/PL gene products associated with the development of GCT. This was done by nondiscriminative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), amplifying all major transcripts of any of the 5 GH/PL genes--GH-N(ormal), GH-V(ariant), PL-A, PL-B, PL-L(ike)--and subsequent analytical restriction enzyme analyses of 5'-end radioactively labeled cDNA. Surprisingly, all nonseminomatous GCT (NSGCT; n = 9) expressed GH-N, PL-A/B, and PL-L transcripts (9 of 9). Seminoma (n = 7) showed a distinctly unique pattern of GH-N and PL-A/B. GH-V products, which are hallmarks of the normal healthy testis, were not detected in any testicular cancer specimen (0 of 16). The fact that both seminomatous and NSGCT showed alterations in the same gene cluster indicates a pathogenetic relationship. Two choriocarcinoma cell lines of conceptus origin, BeWo and JAR, clearly differing from the male counterparts, exhibited a placental-derived pattern of PL-A/B and GH-V. Obviously, profound differences exist between conceptus and male germ cell GH/PL gene cluster transcription. In summary, the unique testicular pattern of GH/PL gene expression changes significantly and in directed ways with malignancy. Loss of GH-V gene expression in testicular GCT compared with normal testis and loss (seminoma) or mutation (NSGCT) of PLL gene products might have significance in terms of the relationship between these tumors and for testicular GCT development.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biomedical Aging Research of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Innsbruck.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Untergasser
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hermann
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hittmair
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Madersbacher
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dirnhofer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015870:Gene Expression; D018237:Germinoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008297:Male; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010928:Placental Lactogen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D013737:Testis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013006:Growth Hormone; D010928:Placental Lactogen