title: trans-Retinoic acid blocks platelet-derived growth factor-BB-induced expression of the murine monocyte chemoattractant-1 gene by blocking the assembly of a promoter proximal Sp1 binding site.
abstract: Proper regulation of the CC chemokine MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) is important for normal inflammatory responses. MCP-1 is regulated by a wide variety of agents, including platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF). Using both in vivo and in vitro assays, the elements required for expression between these two cytokines were compared. In vivo genomic footprinting showed that PDGF-BB induction occurred through the occupancy of the proximal regulatory region, and unlike TNF induction, no changes in the NF-kappaB binding, distal regulatory region occurred. Treatment of cells with trans-retinoic acid, an inhibitor of PDGF-BB activity, resulted in a 50% reduction in PDGF-BB-mediated induction and a concomitant block in the assembly of the proximal regulatory region. trans-Retinoic acid had minimal effect on TNF induction or promoter occupancy. An inhibitor of histone deacetylation was found to stimulate expression of MCP-1 in a manner that correlated with increased accessibility to the proximal regulatory region. These results show that the mechanisms of PDGF-BB and TNF activation of MCP-1 are distinct, although they both require the proximal regulatory region Sp1 binding site. The results also suggest that part of the mechanism used by both of these cytokines involves a process that regulates transcription factor access to the regulatory regions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ping
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Boekhoudt
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Boss
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D000077214:Becaplermin; D001665:Binding Sites; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000235:genetics*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D051705:Sp3 Transcription Factor; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D016335:Zinc Fingers
chemical_list: D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D051705:Sp3 Transcription Factor; D000077214:Becaplermin; D014212:Tretinoin