title: Route of nutrition influences intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression and neutrophil accumulation in intestine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The levels of intestinal interleukin 10 and interleukin 4, inhibitors of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression, decline with total parenteral nutrition (TPN). These cytokine changes induced by lack of enteral nutrition may increase ICAM-1 expression, resulting in polymorphonuclear neutrophil accumulation in intestine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective randomized experimental trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-three mice were randomized to chow, intravenous TPN, or intragastric TPN.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experiment 1: After diet manipulation, iodine 125-labeled anti-ICAM-1 antibody and iodine 131-labeled nonbinding antibody were injected to quantify ICAM-1 expression on endothelial cells in the lung, liver, kidney, and small intestine. Measurement of myeloperoxidase was used to quantify polymorphonuclear neutrophil accumulation in the organs. Experiment 2: Intestine was harvested for both ICAM-1 and myeloperoxidase levels after chow refeeding of mice in the intravenous TPN group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In experiment 1, uninjured mice fed intravenous TPN showed significantly increased intestinal ICAM-1 expression and polymorphonuclear neutrophil accumulation with no significant changes in the lung, liver, or kidney. No changes occurred in mice fed chow or intragastric TPN. In experiment 2, reinstitution of enteral feeding returned intestinal ICAM-1 and myeloperoxidase levels to normal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gut changes associated with lack of enteral feeding induce endothelial changes and an immunologic response, which may influence subsequent responses to injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukatsu
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Lundberg
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Hanna
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Wilcox
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Granger
authors.forename: A O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Gaber
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Kudsk
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism*; D010289:Parenteral Nutrition, Total; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1