title: Embryo implantation in in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection: impact of cleavage status, morphology grade, and number of embryos transferred.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were to compare preimplantation embryo quality in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with standard IVF and to examine the impact of age and number and quality of embryos transferred on implantation and pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective, controlled clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic tertiary center.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 211 consecutive couples undergoing ICSI who were matched with 211 couples undergoing IVF therapy during the same time frame.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro embryo culture.
  
  
  METHODS
  Day 3 embryo quality as judged by the number of blastomeres and morphology scoring.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients undergoing ICSI had a significantly reduced number of embryos with good morphology and cleavage compared with IVF cases. Nevertheless, pregnancy and abortion rates were similar when adjusted by age and number of embryos transferred. Average cleavage status and age were significant predictors of implantation. Women of advanced age had significantly lower embryo cleavage and implantation rates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  [1] The cleaving status of day 3 embryos is a valuable, although limited, indicator of implantation outcome. [2] In vitro fertilization-derived embryos had better cleavage rates and morphology scores than ICSI-derived embryos; however, the implantation potential was similar for both groups. [3] The age-related decline in implantation rate was associated with impaired embryo growth rates.
authors.affiliation: The Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk 23507, USA.
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aronshon
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lanzendorf
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muasher
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kolm
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oehninger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002970:Cleavage Stage, Ovum; D010064:Embryo Implantation; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006801:Humans; D008423:Maternal Age; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic