title: The effects of subchronic haloperidol on intact and dizocilpine-disrupted sensorimotor gating.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reversal of deficits in prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle reflex in rats is considered a preclinical screen for potential antipsychotics. Whereas acutely administered antipsychotics consistently reverse apomorphine-induced deficits in PPI, some antipsychotics, including haloperidol, are unable to reverse deficits in PPI produced by non-competitive NMDA antagonists such as phencyclidine or dizocilpine (MK-801). Acute administration of antipsychotics tends to facilitate baseline PPI. However, the effect is generally not large enough in magnitude nor reliable enough to be considered a useful preclinical screen for antipsychotic activity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Because the clinical effects of antipsychotics typically require subchronic administration, this study tested the hypothesis that reversal of NMDA antagonist-induced deficits in PPI by antipsychotics require subchronic administration. A second aim of this study was to determine if subchronic administration of an antipsychotic produces a more potent facilitation of baseline PPI than acute administration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats received a subcutaneous injection of 0, 0.025, 0.1 or 0.5 mg/kg haloperidol for 16 consecutive days. On day 16, half the rats in each haloperidol dose group received a second subcutaneous injection consisting of either dizocilpine (0.1 mg/kg) or saline.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the haloperidol doses tested had a significant effect on baseline PPI. The 0.1 mg/kg dose of haloperidol diminished but did not completely reverse dizocilpine-induced disruption of PPI. The other doses had no significant effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that time course factors may partially modify the effects of haloperidol on dizocilpine-induced disruption of PPI but not its effect on baseline PPI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 200 West Arbor Drive, San Diego, CA 92103-8620, USA. dfeifel@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Feifel
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Priebe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D016202:N-Methylaspartate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013216:Reflex, Startle / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D016202:N-Methylaspartate; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate; D006220:Haloperidol