title: The safety and effectiveness of esmolol in the perioperative period in patients undergoing abdominal aortic surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine (1) if perioperative use of esmolol in major vascular surgery patients provides strict heart rate (HR) control, (2) what doses of esmolol are required to do this, and (3) does this control influence myocardial ischemia or result in adverse consequences.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study of 40 patients randomized to two groups: The HR was controlled to either less than 80 beats/min (group 80) or less than 110 beats/min (group 110) using esmolol. Patients were monitored continuously for electrocardiographic changes perioperatively. HR control began after induction of anesthesia and continued for 48 hours thereafter.
  
  
  METHODS
  Operating room and intensive care unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients undergoing abdominal vascular surgery involving aortic cross-clamping.
  
  
  METHODS
  Esmolol was titrated until the target HR was met.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only one patient demonstrated an adverse effect. The median infusion rates were 100 and 12.5 microg/kg/min for groups 80 and 110. Target HR was met less in group 80 than in group 110, primarily in the postoperative period. Ischemia patterns were not significantly different between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using esmolol for HR control in the intraoperative period for abdominal vascular surgery patients is effective and safe. HR control was much less effective in the postoperative period, but esmolol is safe when used at recommended doses. Further study with a larger number of patients is necessary to determine whether strict HR control with esmolol affects the incidence of myocardial ischemia or infarction in this patient population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and General Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1009, USA.
authors.forename: T N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Harwood
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Butterworth
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Prielipp
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Royster
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Plonk
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dean
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000368:Aged; D001012:Aorta, Abdominal / Q000601:surgery*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000517:prevention & control; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D011412:Propanolamines; C036604:esmolol