title: Detection of older people at increased risk of adverse health outcomes after an emergency visit: the ISAR screening tool.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a self-report screening tool to identify older people in the emergency department (ED) of a hospital at increased risk of adverse health outcomes, including: death, admission to a nursing home or long-term hospitalization, or a clinically significant decrease in functional status.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective (6-month) follow-up study of a cohort of ED patients aged 65 and older.
  
  
  METHODS
  The EDs of four acute-care hospitals in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community-dwelling patients aged 65 and older who came to the EDs during the weekday shift over a 3-month recruitment period. Patients were excluded if they could not be interviewed either because of their medical condition or because of cognitive impairment and no other informant was available.
  
  
  METHODS
  Measures ascertained at the ED visit included: 27 self-report screening questions on social, physical, and mental risk factors; medical history; use of hospital services, medications, and alcohol; and the Older American Resources and Services (OARS) activities of daily living (ADL) scale. At follow-up, the OARS scale was readministered by telephone, and other adverse health outcomes were ascertained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 1673 patients who completed the follow-up measures, 488 (29.2%) had an adverse health outcome. Scale development and selection methods included logistic regression, receiver operating characteristic curves, and expert judgment. The proposed screening tool (ISAR) comprises six self-report questions on functional dependence (premorbid and acute change), recent hospitalization, impaired memory and vision, and polymedication. The tool performed well in the total cohort aged 65 and older, and in sub-groups defined by disposition (admitted or released from ED), language of questionnaire administration (French or English), information source (patient or other), and other characteristics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ISAR is a short self-report questionnaire that can quickly identify older patients in the ED at increased risk of several adverse health outcomes and those with current disability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Community Studies, St. Mary's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McCusker
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bellavance
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cardin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Trépanier
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Verdon
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ardman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires