title: The effect of posture and anesthesia on the occlusal relationship in orthognathic surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the differences in centric occlusion (intercuspal-CO) and centric relation contact position (CR) in patients in an upright and supine posture when conscious and when supine under general anesthesia to rationalize planning for complex bimaxillary osteotomies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four men and 37 women, with a mean age of 24.7 +/- 4.5 years were included in this study. Occlusal records on each patient included 1 in CO and 3 in CR in each of the following postures: conscious upright, conscious supine, and anesthetized supine. Casts were mounted in the Denar Mark II articulator and transferred to the Denar Vericheck (Denar Corp, Anaheim, CA) recording tool for measurements. The centric relation displacement vectors (CO-CR) were projected in various axes by 3D graphics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The upright conscious CO-CR (mm) vectors were significantly different from both the supine conscious and anesthetized positions in the anteroposterior plane. The difference in the vertical plane was only significant in Class II division 1 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The posterior change in centric relation explains the apparent occlusal discrepancies created by rigid fixation of the mandible applied in the supine anesthetized position. By taking the CR records in the supine conscious position, the "loss" of maxillary advancement can be avoided.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University College London, United Kingdom. A.Bamber@eastman.ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bamber
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Abang
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Linney
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D003196:Computer Graphics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003725:Dental Articulators / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003768:Dental Occlusion, Centric; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007574:Jaw Relation Record / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000601:surgery; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures; D010027:Osteotomy; D010347:Patient Care Planning / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011187:Posture; D016683:Supine Position