title: Synthesis of a series of 4-benzyloxyaniline analogues as neuronal N-type calcium channel blockers with improved anticonvulsant and analgesic properties.
abstract: In this article, the rationale for the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a series of N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channel (VSCC) blockers is described. N-Type VSCC blockers, such as ziconotide, have shown utility in several models of stroke and pain. Modification of the previously reported lead, 1a, led to several 4-(4-benzyloxylphenyl)piperidine structures with potent in vitro and in vivo activities. In this series, the most interesting compound, (S)-2-amino-1-{4-[(4-benzyloxy-phenyl)-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-amino]-p iperidin-1-yl}-4-methyl-pentan-1-one (11), blocked N-type calcium channels (IC(50) = 0.67 microM in the IMR32 assay) and was efficacious in the audiogenic DBA/2 seizure mouse model (ED(50) = 6 mg/kg, iv) as well as the antiwrithing model (ED(50) = 6 mg/kg, iv). Whole-cell voltage-clamp electrophysiology experiments demonstrated that compound 11 blocked N-type Ca(2+) channels and Na(+) channels in superior cervical ganglion neurons at similar concentrations. Compound 11, which showed superior in vivo efficacy, stands out as an interesting lead for further development of neurotherapeutic agents in this series.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Dynamics and Metabolism, Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research, Division of Warner-Lambert Company, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, USA. Lain-Yen.Hu@wl.com
authors.forename: L Y
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Ryder
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Rafferty
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lotarski
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Rock
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sinz
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Stoehr
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Bowersox
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Miljanich
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Millerman
authors.forename: Y X
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Szoke
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D015640:Ion Channel Gating; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D010880:Piperidines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012640:Seizures / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: C122068:2-amino-1-(4-((4-benzyloxyphenyl)-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)amino)piperidin-1-yl)-4-methylpentan-1-one; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D010880:Piperidines