Spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma: conservative management and selective intervention.
OBJECTIVE
A conservative approach using selective intervention is better than an aggressive approach using nonselective intervention for ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma.


METHODS
Nonrandomized controlled trial.


METHODS
A university hospital.


METHODS
From 1984 to 1990, an aggressive approach was adopted in which 29 and 8 of a total of 40 patients underwent surgical intervention or attempted transarterial embolization (TAE), respectively. From 1991 to 1997, a more conservative approach was used. The initial treatment for 72 patients was conservative with close monitoring. Additional hemostatic procedures consisting of TAE (n = 13) or surgical intervention (n = 9) were given, depending on the clinical progress, disease status, and liver function of the patients.


METHODS
In-hospital mortality, survival.


RESULTS
In-hospital mortality rate was 62% (25 of 40 patients) in the first period and 51% (37 of 72 patients) in the second period. The respective median survival times were 7 and 12 days. If 36 patients with end-stage malignant neoplasms were excluded, the in-hospital mortality rate became 60% (18 of 30 patients) in the first period and 35% (16 of 46 patients) in the second period (P = .03, chi2 test). The respective median survival times became 8 and 72 days (P = .02, log rank test). In the second period, 7 (54%) of 13 patients who underwent TAE and 1 (11%) of 9 patients who underwent surgical intervention died within the same hospital admission (P = .07, Fisher exact test).


CONCLUSIONS
Selective intervention was cost-effective and gave better results than an aggressive approach. When intervention was indicated for hemostasis, surgery seemed better than TAE although the difference was not statistically significant.
Leung
K L
KL
Department of Surgery, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories.
Lau
W Y
WY
Lai
P B
PB
Yiu
R Y
RY
Meng
W C
WC
Leow
C K
CK
D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012422:Rupture, Spontaneous