title: Urinary incontinence: an unexpected large problem among young females. Results from a population-based study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The International Continence Society has defined urinary incontinence as a condition in which involuntary loss of urine is objectively demonstrable and is a social or hygiene problem. Urinary incontinence is presumably a common health problem among women even in younger ages.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The primary aim was to investigate the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) in a female population with a special focus on younger women (18-30 years old). The secondary aim was to investigate the association between UI and number of deliveries, use of contraceptives or oestrogen substitutions, and urinary tract infections (UTIs).
  
  
  METHODS
  A population-based study with a self-administered questionnaire was set in the community of Surahammar, Sweden. Subjects were all women (3493) aged 18-70 years living in Surahammar during 1995. The main outcome measures were the prevalence of UI and variables such as number of deliveries, use of contraceptives or oestrogen substitutions, and UTIs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-six per cent of the women reported problems of UI. The prevalence of UI in younger women was 12%. The number of reported complaints of UTIs was significantly higher in the women with UI compared with women without urinary incontinence (wUI). In the younger women UTI, nulliparous or having given birth to one or two children were most frequent in those with UI. The use of contraceptives was more common in younger women without UI (P < 0.05). However, the use of oestrogen was more common in older women in the age group 51-70 years with UI (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings have shown that 26% of the women who took part in the survey reported problems of UI. Among women below 30 years of age, 12% reported complaints of UI. We found a high prevalence of UI in younger women with a UTI, not taking oestrogen, nulliparous or having given birth to one or two children. There are needs for further investigations with a special focus on younger women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Caring Science, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hägglund
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Olsson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leppert
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010298:Parity; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology