title: Surgical decompression of ductal obstruction in patients with chronic pancreatitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recurrent acute pancreatitis often leads to chronic obstructive ductal disease requiring operative decompression.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1983 through 1998, 124 patients with ductal obstruction underwent lateral pancreaticojejunostomy (78 patients), distal pancreatectomy with end-to-side pancreaticojejunostomy (27 patients), distal pancreatectomy with placement of a pancreas with a filleted duct within a jejunal limb (15 patients), or pancreaticoduodenectomy (4 patients). Preoperative symptoms included abdominal and back pain (99%), nausea with vomiting (99%), and diarrhea with weight loss (11%). Associated conditions included hypertension (20%) and diabetes mellitus (12%). Endoscopy in 106 patients demonstrated distal stricture (37%), proximal stricture (36%), pseudocyst (30%), chain of lakes (15%), calcification and debris (19%), and bile duct stricture (8%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two patients died, one of an unrecognized esophageal perforation during intubation and the other of leakage of a 1-layer pancreaticojejunostomy. Thirty-six patients developed 53 complications including intra-abdominal abscess (7 patients) and bleeding requiring reoperation in 1 patient. Pain relief was complete in 61 patients, substantial in 39 patients, moderate in 11 patients, minimal in 8 patients, and nonexistent in 3 patients with multiple stones and narrow duct. Ten patients died, with 6 deaths as a result of pancreatic cancer Two other patients may have died of pancreatic cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lateral pancreaticojejunostomy is the procedure of choice in most patients. Recurrent pancreatitis usually follows alcoholic binges. Long-term follow-up must assess for pancreatic cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, Mich 48201, USA.
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Lucas
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: McIntosh
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Paley
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ledgerwood
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vlahos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000713:Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y; D002137:Calculi / Q000601:surgery; D002908:Chronic Disease; D019299:Decompression, Surgical; D004939:Esophageal Perforation / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010180:Pancreatectomy; D010183:Pancreatic Ducts / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality; D016577:Pancreaticoduodenectomy; D010193:Pancreaticojejunostomy; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality; D012086:Reoperation