title: Expression of the placental cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1beta, and interleukin 10 is increased in preeclampsia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to determine whether placental cytokine expression is altered in patients with preeclampsia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Whole placental tissue was collected at cesarean delivery, and total ribonucleic acid was extracted. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine cytokine expression. Product bands were quantitated by scanning densitometry, and results were expressed as a ratio of cytokine/housekeeping gene (cytokine expression index). Statistical analysis was performed by the Student t test and the Mann-Whitney U test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Placentas from 6 patients with preeclampsia and 4 normotensive patients were analyzed. Placental expression of interleukin 1beta and interleukin 10 was greater in preeclamptic women than in normotensive subjects (median interleukin 1beta cytokine expression index, 0.675; range, 0.394-0. 953; vs 0.106; range, 0.084-0.166; P =.011; median interleukin 10 cytokine expression index, 1.042; range, 0.672-1.192; vs 0.126; range, 0.062-0.398; P <.011). Tumor necrosis factor alpha messenger ribonucleic acid was detected in placentas of preeclamptic subjects but not in normotensive control subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Placentas from preeclamptic patients demonstrated increased expression of interleukin 1beta, interleukin 10, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. This may be in association with placental hypoxia and may contribute to the global endothelial dysfunction observed in preeclampsia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics,, University of Mississippi Medical Center, qqJackson, USA.
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Rinehart
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Terrone
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lagoo-Deenadayalan
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Barber
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Hale
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Bennett
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000150:complications; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000235:genetics; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics; D016104:Oligohydramnios / Q000150:complications; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism*; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D007376:Interleukin-2; D015850:Interleukin-6; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10