title: Liver disease in Navajo neuropathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe clinical and histologic features of liver disease in infants and children with Navajo neuropathy (NN).
  
  
  METHODS
  Physicians at Navajo Area Indian Health Service facilities and neurologists and gastroenterologists at regional referral hospitals were surveyed for identification of patients born between 1980 and 1994 with known or suspected NN. Clinical records and liver histologic findings were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Liver disease was present in all children with NN. Three clinical phenotypes of NN were observed, based on age at presentation and course: infantile NN presented in 5 infants before 6 months of age with jaundice and failure to thrive and progressed to liver failure before 2 years of age; childhood NN presented in 6 children between 1 and 5 years of age with liver dysfunction, which progressed to liver failure and death within 6 months; and classical NN presented in 9 children with variable onset of liver disease but progressive neurologic deterioration. Liver histologic findings were characterized by multinucleate giant cells, macrovesicular and microvesicular steatosis, pseudo-acini, inflammation, cholestasis, and bridging fibrosis and cirrhosis. Cases of all 3 phenotypes occurred within the same kindred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Liver disease is an important component of NN and may be the predominant feature in infants and young children. We propose changing the name of this disease to Navajo neurohepatopathy.
authors.affiliation: Tuba City Indian Medical Center, Tuba City, Arizona 86045, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Holve
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shub
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Tyson
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Sokol
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American; D007223:Infant; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000235:genetics; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000235:genetics; D010375:Pedigree; D010641:Phenotype; D015206:Southwestern United States