title: Assessment of extensive surgery for locally advanced lung cancer. Safety and efficacy of induction therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Locally advanced lung cancer has a poor prognosis, despite extensive surgery conducted in an effort to improve survival. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of induction therapy prior to extensive surgery for locally advanced lung cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary resection for lung cancer was done in 549 consecutive patients divided into three groups; 446 undergoing standard pulmonary resection (no extensive surgery), 87 undergoing extensive surgery without induction therapy, and 16 undergoing surgery after induction therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Morbidity was 23.5%, 28.6%, and 43.8%, respectively. The rate was significantly higher in the induction group compared with the no extensive surgery group (P < 0.05). Surgical mortality was 0.67%, 3.4%, and 6.3%, respectively. The difference was statistically significant between the no extensive surgery and extensive surgery groups (P < 0.02), and between the no extensive surgery and induction groups (P < 0.02). Hospital mortality was 2.2%, 9.2%, and 6.3%, respectively. The rates were significantly higher in the extensive surgery (P < 0.01) and induction (P < 0.05) groups compared to the no extensive surgery group. Five-year survival was 50.3% for the patients who received induction therapy, and 14.7% for the patients who did not receive induction therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Survival differences between the induction and non induction groups were not significant, but some patients with T3 or T4 disease may benefit from induction therapy. The high morbidity of induction treatment should be recognized, and strict candidate selection and careful postoperative care used to help prevent increased mortality.
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Surgery, Respiratory Disease Center, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Niwa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamae
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kani
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maemoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mizuno
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000601:surgery; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000601:surgery; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011300:Preoperative Care; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012449:Safety; D016896:Treatment Outcome