title: Low-level exercise echocardiography detects contractile reserve and predicts reversible dysfunction after acute myocardial infarction: comparison with low-dose dobutamine echocardiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate low-level exercise echocardiography (LLEE) in detecting contractile reserve and predicting functional improvement of akinetic myocardium early after acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Experimental and clinical studies have shown that low-dose dobutamine enhances contractile function of dyssynergic but viable myocardium in patients with recent AMI. We hypothesized that endogenous catecholamines produced during a LLEE test could serve as a myocardial stressor to elicit contractile reserve.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-two consecutive patients with first AMI and > or =2 akinetic segments in the infarct-related territory underwent 5 +/- 2 days after AMI low-dose dobutamine echocardiography (LDDE) (5, 10 and 15 microg/kg/min) and LLEE (25 W during 3 min on a supine bicycle, with continuous echocardiographic recording). Both tests were performed on the same day, in random order. Follow-up echocardiography was obtained one month later. Regional wall thickening was semi-quantitatively assessed using a 16-segment, 5-grade scale model. Contractile reserve was defined as improvement in wall thickening of > or =1 grade.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean increase in heart rate during stress tests was 15 +/- 7 beats/min with LLEE and 13 +/- 6 beats/min with LDDE (p = NS). Contractile reserve was detected in 119 (55%) of 217 akinetic segments at LLEE and in 137 (63%) segments at LDDE. At follow-up study, functional improvement was identified in 139 (64%) segments. Sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values for predicting functional recovery were 81%, 92%, 95% and 73%, respectively, for LLEE, and 91%, 86%, 92% and 84%, respectively, for LDDE. Moreover, there was a good correlation between systolic wall thickening measured in the center of the dyssynergic area during stress tests and at follow-up study: r = 0.77, p < 0.001 with exercise testing and r = 0.73, p < 0.001 with dobutamine testing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low-level exercise echocardiography provides a promising alternative to LDDE for identifying myocardial viability and predicting reversible dysfunction early after AMI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium.
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Hoffer
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dewé
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Celentano
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Piérard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000502:physiology; D004280:Dobutamine; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004452:Echocardiography; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D017682:Myocardial Stunning / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines; D004280:Dobutamine