title: [Treatment and prognosis of T 4 renal cell carcinoma].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We studied the cases with T 4 renal cell carcinoma (RCC) to characterize the factors associated with prolonged survival and to clarify the indication of extended nephrectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population consisted of 53 patients (44 male and 9 female) with pT 4 RCC treated at the Yokohama City University Hospital and its affiliated hospitals from 1965 to 1994. Survival rates were analyzed with respect to clinicopathological factors (patient age, sex, symptom, tumor growing type, tumor size, histological grade, cell type, structural type, lymph node metastasis, vein invasion, distant metastasis and extended nephrectomy).
  
  
  RESULTS
  One-year, 2-years, and 3-years survival rates of the cases with T 4 RCC were 30.4%, 16.4%, and 9.4% respectively. In univariate analysis, improved survival were correlated with no extra-urinary symptom (Logrank: p = 0.0048, Wilcoxon: p = 0.0423), no lymphnode metastasis (Logrank: p = 0.1045, Wilcoxon: p = 0.0199), no distant metastases (Logrank: p = 0.0007, Wilcoxon: p = 0.0006), and enforcement of extended nephrectomy (Logrank: p = 0.0018, Wilcoxon: p = 0.0008). In 28 cases with extended nephrectomy, improved survival was correlated with no extra-urinary symptom, no abdominal wall invasion and no distant metastases. In 5 cases with more than 3 year survival after extended nephrectomy, 4 cases were found to have no distant metastases at the time of operation. Non-operative therapy including interferon for 20 cases without extended nephrectomy were almost ineffective.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that if curative excision for T 4 RCC cases without distant metastases could be done, some patients might be appropriate candidates for extended nephrectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Satomi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakahashi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Senga
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oogo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Udagawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asakura
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000401:mortality* / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000401:mortality; D011379:Prognosis; D015996:Survival Rate