title: Optimizing femorotibial alignment in high tibial osteotomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study factors that affect femorotibial (F-T) alignment after valgus closing wedge tibial osteotomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A review of standardized standing radiographs. Femorotibial alignment was measured 1 year postoperatively for over- and under-correction. Changes in F-T alignment and in tibial plateau angle were measured.
  
  
  METHODS
  An urban hospital and orthopedic clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-two patients with osteoarthritis and varus femorotibial alignment underwent valgus closing wedge tibial osteotomy. Patients having a diagnosis of inflammatory arthritis or a prior osteotomy about the knee were excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 1 degree wedge removed from the tibia resulted in an average correction F-T alignment of 1.2 degrees. A knee that had increased valgus orientation of the distal femur had a greater degree of correction, averaging 1.46 degrees in F-T alignment per degree of tibial wedge. This resulted in excessive postoperative valgus alignment for some patients who had increased valgus tilt of the distal femur. Optimal F-T alignment of 6 degrees to 14 degrees valgus occurred when the postoperative tibial inclination was 4 degrees to 8 degrees of valgus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a trend for knees with increased valgus orientation of the distal femur to have greater correction in F-T alignment after tibial osteotomy, likely because of a greater opening up of the medial joint space during stance. Surgeons need to account for this in their preoperative planning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Queen's University, Kingston, ON. jfrl@post.queensu.ca
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rudan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Simurda
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005270:Femur Head / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000601:surgery*; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000379:methods*; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013977:Tibia / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome