title: Outcome of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients.
abstract: Among 324 cases of culture-proven tuberculosis from 1988 to 1996 in a hospital in Milan, Italy, 90 (27.8%) were due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains resistant to isoniazid and rifampin. Sixty-one of 69 isolates tested had identical restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns. The prevalent strain tested susceptible only to ethionamide and was also resistant to ethambutol, streptomycin, cycloserine, amikacin, kanamycin, terizodone, ofloxacin, rifabutin, rifapentin, and KRM 1648. The median survival time was 94 days. Multivariate analysis showed a trend toward better outcome in the period 1994-1996 (hazard ratio, 4.16; P<.001), and extrapulmonary localization of tuberculosis was the only other independent predictor of a negative outcome (hazard ratio, 2.1; P = .019). The delay from symptoms to beginning of therapy did not seem to be a determining factor in survival time. Standard antituberculosis therapy with four drugs (isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide) had a higher efficacy than did other regimens with fewer drugs but without a statistically significant difference.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Clinic, University of Milan, Italy. franz@imiucca.csi.unimi.it
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Franzetti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gori
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Iemoli
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Meraviglia
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mainini
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Quirino
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: degli Esposti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: degl'Innocenti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grassini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nardi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cargnel
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality*; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple; D005260:Female; D006761:Hospitals / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality*
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents