title: Redone endoscopic perforator surgery: feasibility and failure analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In many hospitals and medical practices, subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery (SEPS) has become the treatment of choice in patients with incompetent perforator veins and active venous ulcers. A substantial number of surgeons consider SEPS to be an operation that can be performed only once because extensive scarring and narrowing of the subfascial space make a second endoscopic operation impossible. It is the purpose of this report to prove the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of a second SEPS procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Within a period of 30 months, 105 primary SEPS procedures were performed in patients with healed or still active ulcers. In addition to these cases, within a period of 30 months, a consecutive number of 19 patients were examined and scheduled for a second SEPS procedure. All patients were in class 5 with healed ulcers or in class 6 with still active ulcers. The CEAP classification of the American Venous Forum was used to evaluate the results and to calculate the clinical, disability, and outcome scores. The redone operation was performed by using CO(2) insufflation, a dual-port technique, and subfascial balloon dissection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In two patients conversion to a conventional procedure was necessary. There were no major complications, but there was a 21% incidence of minor problems, such as hematoma or cellulitis. The mean total clinical score improved after surgery from 7.91 to 3.23 (P <.01), the disability score changed from 1.10 to 0.57 after surgery (P <.02), and the clinical outcome score was 1. 47 after surgery (P <.001). Cumulative ulcer healing could be achieved in 85.8% of class 6 patients. Failure analysis revealed that an incomplete subfascial dissection had been performed during the first endoscopic operation. A septum intermusculare medialis or an intact deep posterior fascia with incompetent Cockett II perforators were major factors contributing to the initial treatment failures. In addition to incompetent perforators, postthrombotic deep venous reflux was seen in eight (42.1%) patients, and four (21%) patients had a combination of secondary reflux and obstruction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subfascial endoscopic procedures can be redone safely. In addition to exploring the superficial posterior compartment, the deep posterior compartment must be opened to prevent recurrent symptoms in patients with incompetent perforator veins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Augusta Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kolvenbach
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ramadan
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schwierz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004724:Endoscopy; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012086:Reoperation; D017211:Treatment Failure; D014647:Varicose Ulcer / Q000601:surgery*