title: Structural and functional brain asymmetries in human situs inversus totalis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether individuals with situs inversus totalis (SI), a condition in which there is a mirror-image reversal of asymmetric visceral organs, have alterations in brain asymmetries.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The human brain is asymmetric in structure and function. Although correlations between anatomic asymmetries and functional lateralization in human brain have been demonstrated, it has been difficult to further analyze them. Characterization of asymmetries of brain structure and function in SI might advance the understanding of these relationships.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using anatomic and functional MRI techniques, we analyzed asymmetries in the brains of three individuals with SI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two major anatomic asymmetries of the cerebral hemispheres, the frontal and occipital petalia, were reversed in individuals with SI. In contrast, SI subjects had left cerebral hemisphere language dominance on functional MRI analysis as well as strong right-handedness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These observations suggest that the developmental factors determining anatomic asymmetry of the cerebral petalia and viscera are distinct from those producing the functional lateralization of language.
authors.affiliation: Center for Morphometric Analysis, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA.
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: O'Craven
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Ticho
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Makris
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Henson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007807:Language Tests; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012857:Situs Inversus / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*