title: Confirmation of translocated gastrointestinal bacteria in a neonatal model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The hypothesis that enteric bacteria translocate from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to extraintestinal sites has been extensively studied. However, definitive evidence that spontaneous bacterial translocation and dissemination from the GI tract to extraintestinal sites occur in a neonatal model has been lacking. The aim of this study was to confirm this phenomenon by tracking enterally administered, plasmid-labeled bacteria to extraintestinal sites.
  
  
  METHODS
  Escherichia coli 07:K1 (E. coli K1) with and without a nontransferable, ampicillin resistance plasmid (pGEM-7) were used in this study. Newborn New Zealand white rabbit pups were separated into three treatment groups: transformed E. coli K1 (E. coli K1 + pGEM-7, n = 20), nontransformed E. coli K1 (n = 12), and control pups (no bacteria, n = 7). Pups were enterally fed 10% Formulac solution supplemented with a suspension of bacteria respective to their group. After the pups fed twice daily for 2 days, representative tissue specimens from the small bowel (SB), mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), spleen (SPL), and liver (LIV) were aseptically harvested and tested for culture growth in ampicillin-supplemented medium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Positive growths of plasmid-induced ampicillin-resistant bacteria were detected in tissue specimens harvested from rabbits fed transformed E. coli K1, but were not detected in the other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This experiment demonstrated conclusively that transformed E. coli K1 fed to healthy rabbit pups spontaneously translocated from the intestinal lumen and subsequently disseminated to the mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, and liver.
authors.affiliation: Section of Pediatric Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moy
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Harmon
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Drongowski
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Coran
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D018988:Bacterial Translocation; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology*; D010957:Plasmids; D011817:Rabbits; D014169:Transformation, Bacterial