title: Treatment of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by transfer of urokinase-type plasminogen activator genes.
abstract: During acute and chronic inflammatory lung diseases, the normal fibrinolytic activity in the alveolar space is inhibited by increased levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1). Transgenic mice having increased fibrinolytic activity due to genetic deficiency of PAI-1 develop less fibrosis after bleomycin-induced lung inflammation. These observations led us to hypothesize that pulmonary fibrosis could be limited through enhancement of alveolar fibrinolytic activity by adenovirus-mediated transfer of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) gene to the lung. To investigate this hypothesis, 0.075 U of bleomycin was introduced intratracheally into mice. Twenty-one days later, the mice were treated intratracheally with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), a control adenovirus, or adenoviruses containing murine or human uPA cDNAs. On day 28, the mice were sacrificed, and lung fibrosis was quantitated by measuring hydroxyproline content. As expected, bleomycin caused a doubling in lung hydroxyproline to 345.6+/-28.2 microg/lung (SEM) compared with mice receiving PBS (170.2+/-4.0 microg/lung). Treatment of the bleomycin-injured mice with the control adenovirus on day 21 had no impact on lung fibrosis (338.4+/-17.2 microg/lung). Importantly, the human uPA adenovirus significantly reduced (p<0.05) lung hydroxyproline (281.2+/-22.8 microg/lung), thus attenuating by 38% the bleomycin-induced increase in lung collagen. The improvement in bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis resulting from treatment with the human uPA adenovirus further supports the importance of the fibrinolytic system during inflammatory lung injury and repair.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor 48109, USA.
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Sisson
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Simon
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D001761:Bleomycin; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D011658:Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D001761:Bleomycin; D003094:Collagen; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator