title: Oxalate-induced changes in the viability and growth of human renal epithelial cells.
abstract: Previous studies on the porcine renal epithelial LLC-PK1 cell line demonstrated that oxalate exposure produces concentration-dependent effects on renal cell growth and viability via process(es) involving free radicals. The present studies were conducted to determine whether these findings could be extended to a renal proximal tubular epithelial cell line derived from the human kidney. These studies examined oxalate-induced changes in membrane integrity after short-term exposure (4 h) and changes in cell survival after longer-term exposure (24 to 72 h). Oxalate-induced changes were also assessed in the expression of two genes: egr-1, a zinc-finger transcription factor, and osteopontin, a protein associated with tissue remodeling. The present studies also determined whether oxalate-induced changes in either cell viability or gene expression depended on free radicals. Oxalate at a concentration > or = 175 microM (free) produced membrane damage within 4 h. This effect was inhibited by Mn(III) tetrakis (1-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphyrin (MnTMPyP), a superoxide dismutase mimetic, but not by N-acetyl cysteine, a glutathione precursor, or by deferoxamine, an iron chelator. Acute oxalate-induced injury was followed by cell loss within 24 h, an effect maintained at 48 and 72 h at high concentrations of oxalate. Oxalate also promoted DNA synthesis. This mitogenic effect offset cell loss at lower oxalate concentrations (88 microM) leading to a small but significant increase in cell number at 72 h. Treatment with oxalate also increased expression of egr-1 mRNA within 1 h, a response that was attenuated by MnTMPyP; oxalate treatment for 8 h also increased abundance of osteopontin mRNA. These studies suggest that oxalate exposure produces changes in human renal cell growth and viability via a process(es) dependent on reactive oxygen intermediates. Such changes may play a role in the development and/or progression of renal disease via generation of reactive oxygen intermediates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester 01655-0127, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Jonassen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cooney
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kennington
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gravel
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Honeyman
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Scheid
mesh_terms: D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D007687:Kidney Tubules, Proximal / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D010070:Oxalates / Q000633:toxicity*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C497325:EGR1 protein, human; D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D010070:Oxalates; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors