title: Regulation of CD95 expression and CD95-mediated cell death by interferon-gamma in acute lymphoblastic leukemia with chromosomal translocation t(4;11).
abstract: The regulatory effects of IFNgamma on CD95 expression and CD95-mediated cell death were investigated in three high-risk pro-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) lines that carry the chromosomal translocation t(4;11)(q21;q23). These leukemias are characteristically refractory to conventional chemotherapeutic treatments operating through the induction of apoptosis. However, the mechanisms leading to increased cell survival and resistance to cell death in these leukemias are largely unknown. Interferon-gamma (IFNgamma), a potent inhibitor of hematopoiesis, acts in part by upregulating CD95 and sensitizing cells to CD95-induced apoptosis. The t(4;11) lines SEM, RS4;11, and MV4;11 expressed low levels of CD95, but were completely resistant to CD95-mediated death. Addition of IFNgamma markedly upregulated CD95 expression in SEM (8-9-fold), RS4;11 (2-3-fold), and MV4;11 (2-3-fold) lines. However, after treatment with IFNgamma, only an 11% increase in sensitivity to CD95-mediated cell death was observed in SEM cells, whereas RS4;11 and MV4;11 cells remained resistant. Cycloheximide, but not actinomycin D or brefeldin A, increased CD95-specific cell death only in IFNgamma-treated RS4;11 cells by approximately 12%. Abundant levels of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL, known to inhibit CD95-signaling in some cells, were present suggesting a possible role for both molecules in the resistance to CD95-mediated cell death. Resistance of the leukemic blasts to CD95-mediated cell death and the failure of IFNgamma to substantially sensitize the CD95-signaling pathway may contribute to the highly malignant phenotype of pro-B ALL with translocation t(4;11).
authors.affiliation: Chair of Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dörrie
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schuh
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Keil
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bongards
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Greil
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Fey
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Zunino
mesh_terms: D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002051:Burkitt Lymphoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D002880:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11; D002894:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000954:Antigens, Surface; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D019014:fas Receptor; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D003513:Cycloheximide