title: Hepatocyte growth factor promotes renal epithelial cell survival by dual mechanisms.
abstract: Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has been shown to protect renal epithelial cells against apoptosis. To define the mechanism by which HGF inhibits apoptosis, we investigated the effect of HGF on the phosphorylation and expression of the Bcl-2 family proteins. Using a human proximal tubular epithelial cell (HKC) line as a model, we demonstrated that constitutive expression of HGF conveyed marked resistance to apoptotic death induced by serum withdrawal. HGF induced rapid phosphorylation of Akt in HKC cells, which was immediately followed by phosphorylation and resultant inactivation of Bad, a pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family. Pretreatment of the HKC cells with 10 nM wortmannin completely abolished HGF-induced phosphorylation of Akt and Bad, suggesting that this pathway is dependent on phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase. Overexpression of Bad increased apoptotic death in wild-type HKC cells but not in HGF-producing H4 cells. Immunoblotting confirmed that the Bad protein over-expressed in H4 cells was fully phosphorylated at both Ser(112) and Ser(136) sites. Prolonged incubation of HKC cells with HGF also dramatically induced expression of Bcl-xL, an anti-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family. These results suggest that the anti-apoptotic effect of HGF in renal epithelial cells is mediated by dual mechanisms involving two distinct Bcl-2 family proteins. HGF triggers Bad phosphorylation via the PI 3-kinase/Akt pathway, thereby inactivating this pro-apoptotic protein, while simultaneously inducing expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000502:physiology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000502:physiology; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D007687:Kidney Tubules, Proximal / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein; D051020:bcl-X Protein
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein; D051020:bcl-X Protein; C494819:BAD protein, human; C494811:BCL2L1 protein, human; C494918:AKT1 protein, human