title: Bryostatin and CD40-ligand enhance apoptosis resistance and induce expression of cell survival genes in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.
abstract: Modulating signal transduction pathways represents a promising approach for altering the biological behaviour of haemopoietic malignancies. B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) cells were treated in vitro with CD40-ligand (CD40L) (CD154) or the protein kinase C modulator Bryostatin-1, exploring the effects on: (a) sensitivity to apoptosis induction by chemotherapeutic drugs (fludarabine, dexamethasone) or anti-Fas antibody; (b) expression of apoptosis-regulatory proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-X, Mcl-1, Bax, Bak, BAG-1, Flip, XIAP); (c) expression of cell surface co-stimulatory antigens (CD80 [B7.1]; CD54 [ICAM-1]; CD70); and (d) expression of immune modulatory receptors (CD27, CD40, CD95 [Fas]). CD40L and Bryostatin decreased both spontaneous and drug-induced apoptosis in most B-CLL specimens tested. Apoptosis resistance was associated with CD40L- and Bryostatin-induced elevations in the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein Mcl-1. CD40L also induced striking increases in the levels of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-XL in B-CLLs. CD40L stimulated increases in the surface expression of CD40, CD54, CD69, CD70, CD80 and CD95, whereas Bryostatin induced expression of CD40, CD54, CD69 and CD95 but not the co-stimulatory molecules CD70 and CD80. Despite elevations in the expression of CD95 (Fas), anti-Fas antibodies failed to induce apoptosis of CD40L- and Bryostatin-treated B-CLL cells. This Fas-resistance was associated with increased expression of the Fas-antagonist Flip in CD40L-treated, and with elevations in the caspase inhibitor XIAP in Bryostatin-treated B-CLLs. The potential anti-apoptotic properties of CD40L and Bryostatin should be taken into consideration when employing these agents in clinical trials involving patients with B-CLL.
authors.affiliation: The Burnham Institute, Program on Apoptosis and Cell Death Research, La Jolla, California, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kitada
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Zapata
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andreeff
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Reed
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D054713:Bryostatins; D023201:CD40 Ligand; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000235:genetics; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D020536:Enzyme Activators / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007783:Lactones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015451:Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D018942:Macrolides; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D054713:Bryostatins; D020536:Enzyme Activators; D007783:Lactones; D018942:Macrolides; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D023201:CD40 Ligand; C046785:bryostatin 1