"Lycostrobus" chinleana, an equisetalean cone from the Upper Triassic of the southwestern United States and its phylogenetic implications.
Detailed study of the cone Lycostrobus chinleana Daugherty shows that the fossil was incorrectly attributed to the Lycopodiales by the author and to the quillworts by Retallack and that it actually should be assigned to the Equisetales. The cone, which occurs in the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation at several localities in the southwestern United States, is ∼2.5 cm wide and nearly 6 cm long and consists of a stout axis bearing whorls of peltate sporangiophores. Each sporangiophore is composed of a slender stalk and a hexagonal disk, which typically bears a single, generally long, lanceolate, forward-directed leaf-like umbo tip on the outer surface and several recurrent sporangia on the inner surface. Small round to oval trilete spores occur in the sporangia. Since the leaf-like umbo tip is similar to the sterile leaves found in certain calamite cones and the recurrent sporangia are equisetalean-like, it appears that the cone may represent a intermediate stage between Calamites and modern Equisetum. According to this hypothesis, the nonbracteate Equisetum cone could have developed from a bracteate calamite cone, through reduction and fusion of the bracts and the sporangiophores, rather than by the loss of whorls of bracts of the Calamites cone as suggested earlier by others. As a result of this study the cone is assigned to the new Equisetalean genus Equicalastrobus and redescribed under the name E. chinleana (Daugherty) Grauvogel-Stamm and Ash, n. comb.
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EOST-Géologie, Université Louis Pasteur, F-67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France and Laboratoire de Paléobotanique, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR 5554 CNRS, Montpellier, France; and.
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