title: Cytokines in heart failure: pathogenetic mechanisms and potential treatment.
abstract: Recent studies have shown that patients with heart failure overexpress a class of biologically active molecules, generically referred to as pro-inflammatory cytokines. This article will review recent clinical and experimental material that suggests that pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) may play a role in the pathogenesis of congestive heart failure. In addition, we will review recent studies that suggest that antagonizing cytokines may represent a novel target for heart failure therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dibbs
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kurrelmeyer
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kalra
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Seta
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bozkurt
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Baumgarten
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sivasubramanian
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Mann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000502:physiology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000502:physiology; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha