title: The use of hydroxyapatite cement in secondary craniofacial reconstruction.
abstract: Sixty-one patients underwent secondary craniofacial reconstruction for contour defects using hydroxyapatite cement over a 3-year period (20-month mean follow-up). There were 56 children, aged 2.2 to 18 years (mean, 10.7 years), 21 boys and 35 girls. This is the first series of pediatric patients in whom the use of hydroxyapatite cement has been reported. There were five adults aged 21 to 46 years (mean, 32 years), 3 men and 2 women. Thirty-one patients underwent reconstruction for secondary orbitocranial defects after surgery for synostosis, 7 after surgery for hypertelorism, 10 for posttraumatic skull defects, and 13 for a variety of other facial skeletal defects. There were seven complications (11 percent), ranging from a retained drain to postoperative seromas, all of which required reoperation without loss of the contour correction. All of the complications occurred in the first 18 months of our study. There has been excellent retention of implant volume with no recurrence of contour defects to date. We have not found any visible evidence of interference with craniofacial growth over the study period. We conclude that hydroxyapatite cement is a versatile and safe biomaterial when used for the correction of secondary craniofacial contour defects in children and adults. The coupling of antibiotics with this biomaterial may have applications in the treatment of osteomyelitis.
authors.affiliation: Center for Craniofacial Disorders and the Division of Neurosurgery at Scottish Rite Children's Medical Center, Atlanta, GA 30342, USA. FBurstein@aol.com
authors.forename: F D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Burstein
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hudgins
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Boydston
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Simms
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001843:Bone Cements; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003398:Craniosynostoses / Q000601:surgery; D017886:Durapatite; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006972:Hypertelorism / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D012086:Reoperation; D012886:Skull / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D001843:Bone Cements; D017886:Durapatite