title: Investigation of leukemia cells from children with common acute lymphoblastic leukemia for genomic sequences of the primate polyomaviruses JC virus, BK virus, and simian virus 40.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An infectious etiology for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has long been suspected, although the characteristics of the putative childhood ALL-inducing agent(s) remain a mystery. We describe the testing of ALL leukemia cells for the presence of DNA sequences of the polyomavirus family: JC virus, BK virus, and simian virus 40 (SV40).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cryopreserved leukemia cells from 25 children between 2 and 5 years of age at the time of diagnosis and classified as having "common" ALL (B-precursor ALL expressing the CD19 and CD10 surface antigens) were tested for the presence of polyomavirus sequences using standard PCR methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Human beta-globin gene sequences were detected in 22 of 25 leukemia specimens. However, polyomavirus sequences were not detected in any of the 22 specimens with amplifiable DNA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The inability to detect JC virus, BK virus, and SV40 virus DNA sequences in any of the 22 specimens with amplifiable DNA suggests that that these members of the polyomavirus family are unlikely to be causally associated with most childhood ALL. Published 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Treatment, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Strickler
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Granovsky
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reaman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Linet
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.forename: K V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Shah
mesh_terms: D001739:BK Virus / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007577:JC Virus / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D027601:Polyomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology*; D017421:Sequence Analysis; D013539:Simian virus 40 / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral