title: Insulin receptor substrate-4 enhances insulin-like growth factor-I-induced cell proliferation.
abstract: The insulin receptor substrates (IRSs)-1-4 play important roles in signal transduction emanating from the insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I receptors. IRS-4 is the most recently characterized member, which has been found primarily in human cells and tissues. It interacts with SH2-containing proteins such as phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K), Grb2, Crk-II, and CrkL. In this study, we transfected IRS-4 in mouse NIH-3T3 cells that overexpress IGF-I receptors. Clones expressing IRS-4 showed enhanced cellular proliferation when cells were cultured in 1% fetal bovine serum without added IGF-I. Addition of IGF-I enhanced cellular proliferation in cells overexpressing the IGF-I receptor alone but had an even greater proliferative effect in cells overexpressing both the IGF-I receptors and IRS-4. When etoposide and methylmethane sulfonate (MMS), both DNA damaging agents, were added to the cells, they uniformly induced cell cycle arrest. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis demonstrated that the arrest of the cell cycle occurred at the G(1) checkpoint, and furthermore no significant degree of apoptosis was demonstrated with the use of either agent. In cells, overexpressing IGF-I receptors alone, IGF-I addition enhanced cellular proliferation, even in the presence of etoposide and MMS. In cells overexpressing IGF-I receptors and IRS-4, the effect of IGF-I in overcoming the cell cycle arrest was even more pronounced. These results suggest that IRS-4 is implicated in the IGF-I receptor mitogenic signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: Section on Molecular Physiology, CEB/NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1758, USA.
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koval
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: LeRoith
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology*; D005047:Etoposide / Q000494:pharmacology; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008741:Methyl Methanesulfonate / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008934:Mitogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; C107686:IRS4 protein, human; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; C491531:Irs4 protein, mouse; D008934:Mitogens; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D005047:Etoposide; D008741:Methyl Methanesulfonate; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1