title: Abnormal head posture associated with high hyperopia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An abnormal head posture may be adopted for ocular or nonocular reasons. The most common ocular reasons are to maintain binocularity and to obtain the best possible visual acuity. Patients with undercorrected or overcorrected refractive errors have been reported to adopt a variety of head positions, thought to be an attempt to obtain the best possible visual acuity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five patients with symmetric high hyperopia (at least + 5.00 D) and an abnormal head posture are presented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All five patients demonstrated an abnormal head posture of chin down for fixation without the spectacle correction in place. This abnormal head posture was eliminated by occlusion of either eye and also by wearing of the refractive correction. No patient demonstrated significant strabismus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An abnormal head posture when not wearing spectacle correction can occur in children who have high hyperopia and insignificant strabismus. This may be a mechanism by which the best visual acuity is obtained (indicated by the disappearance of the abnormal head posture on wearing of the glasses) and also to maintain binocularity (indicated by the disappearance of the abnormal head posture under monocular testing conditions). The presence of a chin-down abnormal head posture should alert the examiner to the possible presence of high hyperopia and therefore the necessity for a cycloplegic refraction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, St. Louis University School of Medicine, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Havertape
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Cruz
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005139:Eyeglasses; D005260:Female; D005403:Fixation, Ocular; D018475:Head-Down Tilt; D006801:Humans; D006956:Hyperopia / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012683:Sensory Deprivation; D013285:Strabismus / Q000150:complications; D015348:Vision, Binocular; D014792:Visual Acuity