title: Targeted down-regulation of caveolin-3 is sufficient to inhibit myotube formation in differentiating C2C12 myoblasts. Transient activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is required for induction of caveolin-3 expression and subsequent myotube formation.
abstract: Caveolin-3 is the principal structural protein of caveolae membrane domains in striated muscle cells. Caveolin-3 mRNA and protein expression are dramatically induced during the differentiation of C2C12 skeletal myoblasts, coincident with myoblast fusion. In these myotubes, caveolin-3 localizes to the sarcolemma (muscle cell plasma membrane), where it associates with the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex. However, it remains unknown what role caveolin-3 plays in myoblast differentiation and myotube formation. Here, we employ an antisense approach to derive stable C2C12 myoblasts that fail to express the caveolin-3 protein. We show that C2C12 cells harboring caveolin-3 antisense undergo differentiation and express normal amounts of four muscle-specific marker proteins. However, C2C12 cells harboring caveolin-3 antisense fail to undergo myoblast fusion and, therefore, do not form myotubes. Interestingly, treatment with specific p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors blocks both myotube formation and caveolin-3 expression, but does not affect the expression of other muscle-specific proteins. In addition, we find that three human rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines do not express caveolin-3 and fail to undergo myoblast fusion. Taken together, these results support the idea that caveolin-3 expression is required for myoblast fusion and myotube formation, and suggest that p38 is an upstream regulator of caveolin-3 expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Galbiati
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Volonte
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Engelman
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Scherer
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Lisanti
mesh_terms: D051244:Caveolin 3; D022461:Caveolins; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002459:Cell Fusion; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000494:pharmacology; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D051244:Caveolin 3; D022461:Caveolins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007093:Imidazoles; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D011725:Pyridines; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C093642:SB 203580