title: Molecular characterization of a porcine enteric calicivirus genetically related to Sapporo-like human caliciviruses.
abstract: Porcine enteric calicivirus (PEC) is associated with diarrhea in pigs, and to date it is the only cultivable enteric calicivirus (tissue culture-adapted [TC] PEC/Cowden). Based on sequence analysis of cDNA clones and reverse transcription-PCR products, TC PEC/Cowden has an RNA genome of 7,320 bp, excluding its 3' poly(A)(+) tail. The genome is organized in two open reading frames (ORFs), similar to the organizations of the human Sapporo-like viruses (SLVs) and the lagoviruses. ORF1 encodes the polyprotein that is fused to and contiguous with the capsid protein. ORF2 at the 3' end encodes a small basic protein of 164 amino acids. Among caliciviruses, PEC has the highest amino acid sequence identities in the putative RNA polymerase (66%), 2C helicase (49.6%), 3C-like protease (43.7%), and capsid (39%) regions with the SLVs, indicating that PEC is genetically most closely related to the SLVs. The complete RNA genome of wild-type (WT) PEC/Cowden was also sequenced. Sequence comparisons revealed that the WT and TC PEC/Cowden have 100% nucleotide sequence identities in the 5' terminus, 2C helicase, ORF2, and the 3' nontranslated region. TC PEC/Cowden has one silent mutation in its protease, two amino acid changes and a silent mutation in its RNA polymerase, and five nucleotide substitutions in its capsid that result in one distant and three clustered amino acid changes and a silent mutation. These substitutions may be associated with adaptation of TC PEC/Cowden to cell culture. The cultivable PEC should be a useful model for studies of the pathogenesis, replication, and possible rescue of uncultivable human enteric caliciviruses.
authors.affiliation: Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio 44691, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: K O
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Hardy
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Parwani
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Saif
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002139:Caliciviridae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000662:veterinary / Q000821:virology; D016679:Genome, Viral; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary