title: Concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy in Asian patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: toxicities and preliminary results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is endemic in Singapore. Nearly 60% of the patients diagnosed with NPC will present with locally advanced disease. The North American Intergroup study 0099 reported improved survival outcome in patients with locally advanced NPC who received combined chemoradiotherapy when compared to radiotherapy alone. Hence we explored the feasibility and efficacy of a similar protocol in our patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between June 1996 and December 1997, 57 patients were treated with the following schedule as described. Radical radiotherapy (RT) of 66-70 Gy to the primary and neck with cisplatin (CDDP) 25 mg/m2 on days 1-4 given by infusion over 6-8 hours daily on weeks 1, 4, and 7 of the RT. This is followed by a further 3 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy starting from week 11 from the first dose of radiation (CDDP 20 mg/m2/d and 5-fluorouracil [5-FU] 1 gm/m2/d on days 1-4 every 28 days).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of patients (68%) had Stage IV disease. About 54% of patients received all the intended treatment; 75% received all 3 cycles of CDDP during the RT phase and 63% received all three cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy. The received dose intensity of CDDP and 5-FU of greater than 0.8 was achieved in 58% and 60% of the patients respectively. Two treatment-related deaths due to reactivation of hepatitis B and neutropenic sepsis respectively, were encountered. At median follow-up of 16 months, 14 patients had relapsed, 12 systemically and 2 loco-regionally.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Due to the acceptable tolerability of such a protocol in our cohort of patients, we have embarked on a Phase III study to confirm the results of the 0099 Intergroup study in the Asian context.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center, Singapore, Singapore. dmoteh@nccs.com.sg
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: E T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Chua
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wee
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Fong
authors.forename: P T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Ang
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Khoo-Tan
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Leong
authors.forename: Y K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Foo
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Sethi
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Chua
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000209:etiology; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage
chemical_list: D002945:Cisplatin; D005472:Fluorouracil