title: Transabdominal sonography of gastroesophageal junctions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We compared transabdominal sonography with upper gastrointestinal tract x-ray series (barium study) for evaluating gastroesophageal junction disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-five patients underwent barium study and sonography, which were performed independently by 2 radiologists. The results were compared. Normal findings were verified by esophagoscopy or by clinical follow-up; all abnormal findings were verified by biopsy, surgery, or manometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Findings from barium study and sonography agreed in all 30 of the normal cases. On sonography, normal gastroesophageal junctions had multiple layers of different echogenicities (mean wall thickness, 4.9 mm); the 20 cancer cases all appeared as a mass-like thickening (mean, 14.9 mm) on sonography. Barium study findings were misinterpreted as achalasia in 2 cancer cases. One benign stricture was misinterpreted as cancer by both sonography and barium study. Of the 4 cases of achalasia, 3 were revealed by sonography as normal gastroesophageal junctions with proximal dilatation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transabdominal sonography is useful for revealing the extramucosal component of gastroesophageal junction disease. The modality is especially useful for distinguishing between achalasia and infiltrative cancer when barium study shows smooth circumferential narrowing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Kanchanavanich Road, Hat-Yai, 90110, Thailand.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tanomkiat
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chongchitnan
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D001466:Barium Sulfate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001706:Biopsy; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004931:Esophageal Achalasia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D004943:Esophagogastric Junction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D001466:Barium Sulfate