title: Bridging the gap between in vitro and in vivo models for neurotoxicology.
abstract: In vitro systems are widely used for investigation of neurotoxicant-induced perturbations of cellular functions. A variety of systems exist that demonstrate certain similarities to neurotoxicant-induced events in the intact animal are discussed, including single-cell types, systems that consider endpoints relevant in toxicology, and systems that consider heterogeneous cell interactions. Relationships between the in vitro and in vivo systems are examined in which ethanol, lead, polychlorinated biphenyl compounds, and organophosphate insecticides are examples. Situations in which the in vitro systems have been used to advantage are provided, along with cautions associated with their use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843, USA. ecastiglioni@cvm.tamu.edu
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tiffany-Castiglioni
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ehrich
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dees
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Kodavanti
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lasley
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oortgiesen
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Durham
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D020258:Neurotoxicity Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis*; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods*