title: Paired Stat6 C-terminal transcription activation domains required both for inhibition of an IFN-responsive promoter and trans-activation.
abstract: The cytokines IL-4 and IFN-gamma exert biologically antagonistic effects that in part reflect opposing influences on gene transcription. While the molecular mechanisms for IL-4-mediated transcription activation have been extensively studied, little is known about molecular mechanisms required for IL-4 inhibition of IFN-gamma signaling. We have investigated IL-4 inhibition of the IFN-gamma-inducible promoter for IFN regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1). In a cell line with low endogenous Stat6, increasing levels of activated Stat6 at constant doses of IFN-gamma and IL-4 leads to inhibition of the IRF-1 promoter. The Stat1-dependent IFN-gamma activation sequence element of the IRF-1 promoter is a target for Stat6-mediated inhibition despite apparently normal Stat1 DNA binding. However, our data are inconsistent with competition between Stat1 and Stat6 for access to the IRF-1 IFN-gamma activation sequence or for an essential coactivator as a mechanism for this Stat6-mediated inhibition. Instead, the data demonstrate that a threshold of Stat6 transcription activation domains is required for IL-4-dependent inhibition. The findings provide evidence of a novel mechanism in which the Stat6 transcription activation domains play a critical role in the IL-4-mediated inhibition of an IFN-gamma-inducible promoter.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goenka
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Youn
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Dzurek
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schindler
authors.forename: L Y
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Yu-Lee
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boothby
mesh_terms: D001667:Binding, Competitive / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D050856:Interferon Regulatory Factor-1; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000494:pharmacology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000276:immunology*; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid / Q000276:immunology; D050800:STAT6 Transcription Factor; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C494257:IRF1 protein, human; D050856:Interferon Regulatory Factor-1; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D050800:STAT6 Transcription Factor; C494101:STAT6 protein, human; D015534:Trans-Activators; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma