title: Impairment of social and moral behavior related to early damage in human prefrontal cortex.
abstract: The long-term consequences of early prefrontal cortex lesions occurring before 16 months were investigated in two adults. As is the case when such damage occurs in adulthood, the two early-onset patients had severely impaired social behavior despite normal basic cognitive abilities, and showed insensitivity to future consequences of decisions, defective autonomic responses to punishment contingencies and failure to respond to behavioral interventions. Unlike adult-onset patients, however, the two patients had defective social and moral reasoning, suggesting that the acquisition of complex social conventions and moral rules had been impaired. Thus early-onset prefrontal damage resulted in a syndrome resembling psychopathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Division of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bechara
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Damasio
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tranel
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Damasio
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001925:Brain Damage, Chronic / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009014:Morals; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology*; D012919:Social Behavior