title: Pulmonary autograft root replacement: mid-term results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Ross operation was first performed as a root replacement in 1974, and only limited mid- and long-term results assessing durability and adaptation of the pulmonary root to systemic pressures are available. We reviewed our experience to assess function of the autograft valve and the autograft pulmonary root, and its adaptation to systemic pressures.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 244 operative survivors (median age 22 years; range: 1 week to 62 years) were reviewed. Clinical follow up (within one year) was available on 98% of cases, and echocardiographic assessment within one year on 93%. Autograft and homograft valve function, aortic annulus diameter, autograft root sinus diameter and ascending aortic diameter were determined on the most recent echocardiogram.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Actuarial freedom from autograft valve degeneration (non-endocarditis autograft valve reoperation or severe autograft valve insufficiency or valve-related death) was 95 +/- 3% at 5 years and 93 +/-4% at 10 years. Actuarial freedom from all valve-related complications (autograft valve degeneration, autograft valve reoperation, homograft valve reoperation or valve-related death) was 90 +/- 4% at 5 years and 83 +/-6% at 10 years. Actuarial freedom from autograft valve replacement was 98 +/- 2% at 5 years and 96 +/- 4% at 10 years. Actuarial survival rate was 98 +/- 2% at 5 years and 86 +/- 9% at 10 years. Aneurysmal dilation of the autograft root occurred in two patients; this was not associated with autograft valve degeneration, and these patients were followed closely.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At 10 years, the Ross root replacement has a low risk of valve degeneration, valve-related complications and autograft valve replacement, and patient survival is excellent. Autograft valve reoperation and homograft valve reoperation have been the only significant late valve-related complications. Techniques to reduce autograft reoperation have been introduced, and hopefully methods to mediate the immunological response to the homograft valve will reduce the incidence of failure. Significant aneurysmal dilation of the pulmonary autograft root is rare.
authors.affiliation: Section of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City 73190, USA.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Elkins
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McCue
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Ward
mesh_terms: D000206:Actuarial Analysis; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000601:surgery*; D001022:Aortic Valve Insufficiency / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011664:Pulmonary Valve / Q000637:transplantation*; D012086:Reoperation; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous / Q000009:adverse effects