title: Preferred frequency and characteristics of menstrual bleeding in relation to reproductive status, oral contraceptive use, and hormone replacement therapy use.
abstract: This study addresses attitudes towards changes in menstrual bleeding patterns caused by oral contraceptives (OC) or hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and preferred changes in bleeding pattern with and without use of OC or HRT in relation to reproductive age group. Data were collected by means of telephone interviews with 325 women in each of four age groups (15-19, 25-34, 45-49, and 52-57 years). In total, 80.5% of currently menstruating women preferred one or more changes in bleeding pattern such as less painful, shorter, or less heavy periods, or amenorrhea. The majority of the menstruating women in all age groups preferred to have a bleeding frequency of less than once a month or never, whether the bleeding was spontaneous or induced by OC. In the case of HRT, amenorrhea was most preferred. These findings with respect to preferred bleeding frequency and OC may have important implications for health care providers and for future contraception development.
authors.affiliation: International Health Foundation, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: den Tonkelaar
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Oddens
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001290:Attitude; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008598:Menstruation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008599:Menstruation Disturbances / Q000188:drug therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003276:Contraceptives, Oral