title: Pulmonary nodules: experimental and clinical studies at low-dose CT.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the number of pulmonary nodules detected at helical low- and standard-dose computed tomography (CT) and to investigate the diagnostic value of low-dose CT with a radiation exposure equivalent to that used at chest radiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two radiologists recorded pulmonary nodules at standard-dose (250 or 100 mA, pitch of 1; 200 mA, pitch of 2) or low-dose CT (50 or 25 mA, pitch of 1 or 2) in five postmortem specimens and 75 patients. Nodules were assessed by size (5 mm or smaller, 6-10 mm, or larger than 10 mm) and by diagnostic confidence ("definite nodule," "definite lesion, not classic nodule," or "questionable lesion, possibly representing a vessel") with the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Artifacts depicted at low-dose CT were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no statistically significant differences in the number of nodules detected at standard- or low-dose CT except in nodules 5 mm or smaller that were assessed as definite nodules at standard- or low-dose CT (25 mA, pitch of 2) (472 vs 397, P < .05). Artifacts that possibly interfered with nodule detection were observed exclusively at CT with 25 mA and a pitch of 2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pulmonary nodules were detected reliably at CT with 50 mA and pitch of 2 or with 25 mA and a pitch of 1. However, further reduction of the dose to that used at chest radiography was associated with a significant decrease in the number of nodules 5 mm or smaller that were detected, possibly due to artifacts.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Radiology, University of Münster, Germany. diestef@uni-muenster.de
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Diederich
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lenzen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Windmann
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Puskas
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Yelbuz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Henneken
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Klaiber
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eameri
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Roos
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Peters
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016477:Artifacts; D001344:Autopsy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed