title: A computer generated interactive transurethral prostatic resection simulator.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We developed a computer generated model of the prostate gland and an interactive simulator for use in training urologists in transurethral resection of the prostate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Software was developed on a standard personal computer which allowed images of the lumen of the prostatic urethra and resectoscope loop to be generated and interacted with using a magnetic position sensor input device attached to a dummy resectoscope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An anatomically accurate computer model of the prostate was generated at low cost which permitted user interaction and which simulated key elements of transurethral prostatic resection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although not a substitute for learning transurethral prostatic resection on patients, the simulator enabled the user to become familiar with the technique of transurethral prostatic resection in the absence of time constraints and without risk to patients. The simulator may become an important tool in training and assessing surgeon competency, and may reduce the costs of training. Further development is needed to refine the transurethral prostatic resection simulator and expand its surgical range.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Urology and Nephrology, and Department of Medical Graphics, University College, London, England.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ballaro
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Briggs
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Garcia-Montes
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: MacDonald
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Emberton
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Mundy
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000379:methods*