title: Mental symptoms in Parkinson's disease are important contributors to caregiver distress.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the emotional and social distress of caring for a patient with Parkinson's disease and to explore the impact of motor and mental symptoms in subjects with Parkinson's disease on their caregivers' situation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional, population-based study using self-report questionnaires to measure caregiver distress and rating scales to assess patient symptomatology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Neurology and old age psychiatry services in Stavanger, Norway.
  
  
  METHODS
  Caregivers of 94 home-dwelling patients with Parkinson's disease. Two control groups (patients with diabetes mellitus and healthy elderly).
  
  
  METHODS
  Measures of social and emotional distress in caregivers, including the Relative Stress Scale, Beck Depression Inventory and the General Health Questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Caregivers, in particular spouses, had more severe depression and a higher proportion reporting tiredness, sadness and less satisfaction with life compared with healthy elderly subjects. Using linear regression analysis, patient predictors of caregiver distress were depression, functional and cognitive impairment, agitation, aberrant motor behaviour and delusions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Caring for a spouse with Parkinson's disease is associated with emotional and social distress, underlining the importance of also assessing the needs of carers. Mental symptoms of parkinsonian patients were the most consistent and powerful predictors of caregiver distress, suggesting that identification and treatment of mental symptoms may reduce distress in caregivers of subjects with Parkinson's disease.
authors.affiliation: Rogaland Psychiatric Hospital, Stavanger, Norway. aarsland@netpower.no
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aarsland
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Karlsen
authors.forename: N G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tandberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000523:psychology*; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012647:Self-Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires