title: Implementing effectiveness research and improving care for schizophrenia in real-world settings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review recent advances in medication practices and standards of care in the treatment of schizophrenia and examine the disparity between the knowledge base and clinical practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Key literature on medication practices, novel pharmacotherapies, and the evolution of practice guidelines for schizophrenia were reviewed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Emerging data demonstrate a lack of consistent application of current knowledge and best practices, in part due to major structural inconsistencies in the public mental health system. Implementation of results from effectiveness research as well as the incorporation of practice guidelines may help bridge this gap.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As standards of care for schizophrenia are developed, the following issues will need particular attention: coordination with the criminal justice system, comprehensive treatment of comorbid illnesses, outcomes based on symptoms in all domains, and continuous and integrated collection of data to produce rational cost justification.
authors.affiliation: Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals of Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Buckley
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Chiles
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sajatovic
mesh_terms: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015897:Comorbidity; D016527:Drug Costs; D006801:Humans; D019458:Insurance Coverage; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011329:Prisoners; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care / Q000379:methods; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics / Q000628:therapy*; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents