title: Increased urinary nitric oxide metabolites in patients with multiple sclerosis correlates with early and relapsing disease.
abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in the immunopathogenesis of MS as a potential mediator of neuronal loss. To investigate the role of.NO in the development of progressive disease we measured the NO metabolites (nitrate and nitrite) and neopterin, in the urine of 129 patients with demyelinating disease (DD): 23 with clinically isolated syndromes compatible with demyelination and in 46 relapsing remitting (RR) and 60 patients with progressive MS. Eighty-nine of these 129 patients underwent Gd-enhanced MRI. In addition 58 normal control subjects (NC), 19 AIDS and 35 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients were studied. Patients with DD, AIDS and RA had significantly elevated urinary nitrate plus nitrite (nit : creat. urine) and neopterin (neopt : creat.urine) to creatinine ratios compared to NC subjects. (Median[25th - 75th%] nit : creat.urine: NC=1183[962 - 1365] vs DD=1245[875 - 2403], AIDS=1686[1231 - 2531], and RA=1950[1214 - 2726] mumol/mol, P<0.001 and median[25th - 75th%] neopt : creat.urine: NC=99[76 - 151] vs DD=163[119 - 266], AIDS=972[653 - 1456], and RA=389[257 - 623] mu mol/mol, P<0.001). Patients with early DD and RR MS had significantly elevated nit : creat.urine compared to patients with progressive MS (nit : creat. urine: 1612[1020 - 2733] vs 1159[790 - 1641] mu mol/mol, P=0.006). The nit : creat.urine and neopt : creat.urine did not correlate with clinical relapse or MRI activity. Excretion of.NO metabolites is increased in patients with early or relapsing-remitting disease.NO appears to be a double-edged sword, mediating tissue damage and modulating complex immunological functions which may be protective in MS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Division of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Royal Free and University College Medical Schools, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giovannoni
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Silver
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: O'Riordan
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Heales
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Land
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elliot
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Feldmann
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000473:pathology / Q000652:urine; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000652:urine; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D003711:Demyelinating Diseases / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000652:urine*; D020528:Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive / Q000652:urine; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000652:urine; D019798:Neopterin / Q000652:urine; D009566:Nitrates / Q000652:urine*; D009573:Nitrites / Q000652:urine*; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D019798:Neopterin; D003404:Creatinine