title: O'nyong-nyong fever in south-central Uganda, 1996-1997: clinical features and validation of a clinical case definition for surveillance purposes.
abstract: O'nyong-nyong (ONN) fever, caused by infection with a mosquito-borne central African alphavirus, is an acute, nonfatal illness characterized by polyarthralgia. During 1996-1997, south-central Uganda experienced the second ONN fever epidemic ever recognized. Among 391 persons interviewed and sampled, 40 cases of confirmed and 21 of presumptive, well-characterized acute, recent, or previous ONN fever were identified through active case-finding efforts or during a household serosurvey and by the application of clinical and laboratory criteria. Among confirmed cases, the knees and ankles were the joints most commonly affected. The median duration of arthralgia was 6 days (range, 2-21 days) and of immobilization was 4 days (range, 1-14 days). In the majority, generalized skin rash was reported, and nearly half had lymphadenopathy, mainly of the cervical region. Viremia was documented in 16 cases, primarily during the first 3 days of illness, and in some of these, body temperature was normal. During this epidemic, the combination of fever, arthralgia, and lymphadenopathy had a specificity of 83% and a sensitivity of 61% in the identification of cases of ONN fever and thus could be useful for surveillance purposes.
authors.affiliation: Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kiwanuka
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Rwaguma
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kawamata
authors.forename: F P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Ssengooba
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Najjemba
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Were
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lamunu
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bagambisa
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Burkot
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dunster
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lutwama
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Cropp
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Karabatsos
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Lanciotti
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Campbell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018354:Alphavirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D018771:Arthralgia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D008206:Lymphatic Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007075:Immunoglobulin M