title: Occupational physical activity and risk for breast cancer in a nationwide cohort study in Sweden.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our purpose was to investigate effects of physical activity on risk for breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  From the Swedish nationwide censuses in 1960 and 1970 we defined three partly overlapping cohorts of women whose occupational titles allowed reproducible classification of physical demands at work in 1960 (n = 704,904), in 1970 (n = 982,270), or with the same demands in both 1960 and 1970 (n = 253,336). The incidence of breast cancer during 1971-89 was ascertained through record linkage to the Swedish Cancer Register. We used Poisson regression to estimate relative risks (RR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 20,419, 22,840, and 8261 breast cancers, respectively, were detected in the three cohorts. In all three cohorts the risk for breast cancer increased monotonically with decreasing level of occupational physical activity and with increasing socioeconomic status. Among women with the same estimated physical activity level in 1960 and 1970 the RR was 1.3 for sedentary as compared with high/very high activity level (95% CI 1.2-1.4; p for trend < 0.001). Adjustment for socioeconomic status virtually eliminated this association (RR 1.1; 95% CI 0.9-1.2; p for trend 0.12) leaving a statistically significant 30% gradient only among women aged 50-59 years at follow-up. The association between socioeconomic status and breast cancer risk was largely unchanged after adjustment for occupational physical activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The protective effect of occupational physical activity on breast cancer risk, if any, appears to be confined to certain age groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. tahereh.moradi@mep.ki.se
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moradi
authors.forename: H O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Adami
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bergström
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gridley
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wolk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gerhardsson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dosemeci
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nyrén
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008875:Middle Aged; D016272:Occupational Health; D012307:Risk Factors; D012923:Social Class; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology