title: Low efficacy of gene therapy for rat BT4C malignant glioma using intra-tumoural transduction with thymidine kinase retrovirus packaging cell injections and ganciclovir treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to test the use of Herpes Simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSVtk) retrovirus packaging cell injections in the treatment of malignant brain tumours.
  
  
  METHODS
  Therapeutic effect and tissue responses were examined in vivo in a syngeneic BT4C rat glioma model after HSVtk-producing PA317 packaging cell injections and intraperitoneal ganciclovir (GCV) medication. MRI was used to visualise the tumours before and after the treatment. Immunohistochemical stainings were performed to study astroglia and microglia responses and apoptosis-mediated cell death.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results suggest that only a limited treatment effect can be achieved with HSVtk packaging cell injections with no prolonged survival rates. Histological examination showed a strong astroglia response but only a modest microglia response after the treatment. HSVtk and GCV-induced cell death was at least partially mediated by apoptosis. It is concluded that HSVtk packaging cell injections and GCV treatment do not lead to eradication of malignant cells in a syngeneic BT4C rat glioma model. The lack of efficacy is most likely due to low gene transfer efficiency and limited life span of the injected packaging cell inside the tumours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Improvements in gene transfer efficiency, and stimulation of immunoresponse against tumour cells might lead to a more effective therapeutic response in vivo.
authors.affiliation: A. I. Virtanen Institute, University of Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Sandmair
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Loimas
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Poptani
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vainio
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vanninen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Turunen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tyynelä
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vapalahti
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ylä-Herttuala
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D015774:Ganciclovir / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005910:Glioma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000201:enzymology; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013937:Thymidine Kinase / Q000235:genetics*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D013937:Thymidine Kinase; D015774:Ganciclovir