title: gadd45 is not required for activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase or p38 during acute stress.
abstract: Cells respond to environmental stress with activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38. Recent studies have implicated Gadd45 and two related proteins, MyD118/Gadd45beta and CR6/Gadd45gamma, as initiators of JNK/p38 signaling via their interaction with an upstream kinase MTK1. It was proposed that stress-induced expression of the Gadd45-related proteins leads to MTK1 activation and subsequent JNK/p38 activation. Using embryo fibroblasts from gadd45-null mice, we have addressed the requirement for Gadd45 in mediating JNK/p38 activation during acute stress. Comparison of JNK/p38 activities in response to methyl methanesulfonate, hydrogen peroxide, UVC irradiation, sorbitol, and anisomycin treatment of gadd45(+/+) and gadd45(-/-) fibroblasts revealed no deficiency in JNK/p38 activation in gadd45(-/-) fibroblasts. In addition, in wild type cells, JNK and p38 activation significantly preceded gadd45 induction with all stresses. Examination of myd118/gadd45beta and cr6/gadd45gamma expression in gadd45(+/+) and gadd45(-/-) fibroblasts revealed similar induction patterns in the two cell types, which, like gadd45 expression, was delayed relative to JNK/p38 activation. We conclude that gadd45 expression is not required for activation of JNK/p38 by environmental stresses, nor are stress-induced increases in myd118/gadd45beta and cr6/gadd45gamma expression necessary for kinase activation in response to such insults.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, NIA, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gorospe
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Holbrook
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D051379:Mice; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D000097642:GADD45 Proteins
chemical_list: D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D000097642:GADD45 Proteins