title: Time course of plasma soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) is related to severity of acute pancreatitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In severe acute pancreatitis the release of cytokines indicates a key step from local to systemic inflammation. Increased plasma concentrations of circulating soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), a marker of leukocyte activation, were detected in necrotizing pancreatitis at the time of diagnosis, however, the exact role of sICAM-1 in the development of complications such as shock or organ dysfunction is unclear. Therefore, we investigated in what manner the time course of plasma sICAM-1 is associated with the development of severe pancreatitis and whether these results are of any predictive value for the further course of the disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a medical intensive care unit we studied 29 consecutive patients admitted for acute pancreatitis. Plasma levels of sICAM-1 were measured serially over a period of 6 days and the time courses were assigned either to a group of patients with uncomplicated, mild disease or to patients who developed complications including multiple organ failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In mild pancreatitis, decreasing and peak sICAM-1 concentrations were found in 88% of the patients with a mean maximal level of 574 +/- 59 ng/ml (SE) (upper limit of normal: 400 ng/ml) on day 1. Partial pancreatic necrosis was present in 24% and no deaths were observed. In severe pancreatitis an increase of sICAM-1 levels or an initial fall followed by an increase (relapsing response) was the predominant pattern (92%). Maximal values of 1453 +/- 136 ng/ml occurred on day 6, significantly different when compared to mild disease (p < 0.0001). Necrotizing pancreatitis was diagnosed in 75% and the mortality rate was 58%. The sensitivity in predicting severe pancreatitis using sICAM-1 plasma levels with an increasing or relapsing pattern was much higher (92%) when compared with serial C-reactive protein measurements (42%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In acute pancreatitis, increasing or relapsing plasma levels of sICAM-1 over 6 days after admission to hospital are associated with a high rate of pancreatic necrosis and a high mortality. Daily measurements of sICAM-1 would allow early recognition of patients prone to develop complications and follow a severe course.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Karl-Franzens University, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kaufmann
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Demel
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Tilz
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Krejs
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D019283:Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D002097:C-Reactive Protein