title: Pragmatic randomised controlled trial of local corticosteroid injection and naproxen for treatment of lateral epicondylitis of elbow in primary care.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the clinical effectiveness of local corticosteroid injection, standard non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and simple analgesics for the early treatment of lateral epicondylitis in primary care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicentre pragmatic randomised controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  23 general practices in North Staffordshire and South Cheshire.
  
  
  METHODS
  164 patients aged 18-70 years presenting with a new episode of lateral epicondylitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Local injection of 20 mg methylprednisolone plus lignocaine, naproxen 500 mg twice daily for two weeks, or placebo tablets. All participants received a standard advice sheet and co-codamol as required.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants' global assessment of improvement (five point scale) at four weeks. Pain, function, and "main complaint" measured on 10 point Likert scales at 4 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over 2 years, 53 subjects were randomised to injection, 53 to naproxen, and 58 to placebo. Prognostic variables were similar between groups at baseline. At 4 weeks, 48 patients (92%) in the injection group were completely better or improved compared with 30 (57%) in the naproxen group (P<0.001) and 28 (50%) in the placebo group (P<0.001). At 12 months, 43 patients (84%) in the injection group had pain scores </=3 compared with 45 (85%) in the naproxen group and 44 (82%) in the placebo group (P>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early local corticosteroid injection is effective for lateral epicondylitis. Outcome at one year was good in all groups, and effective early treatment does not seem to influence this.
authors.affiliation: Staffordshire Rheumatology Centre, The Haywood, Burslem, Stoke on Trent ST6 7AG. Pra19@keele.ac.uk
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Hay
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Paterson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hosie
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Croft
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D009288:Naproxen / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D013716:Tennis Elbow / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004338:Drug Combinations; D009288:Naproxen; D008775:Methylprednisolone