title: Muscle strengthening and physical conditioning to reduce impairment and disability in chronic stroke survivors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the impact of a program of muscle strengthening and physical conditioning on impairment and disability in chronic stroke subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized pretest and posttest control group, followed by a single-group pretest and posttest design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen community-dwelling stroke survivors of at least 9 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 10-week (3 days/week) program consisting of a warm-up, aerobic exercises, lower extremity muscle strengthening, and a cool-down.
  
  
  METHODS
  Peak isokinetic torque of the major muscle groups of the affected lower limb, quadriceps and ankle plantarflexor spasticity, gait speed, rate of stair climbing, the Human Activity Profile (HAP), and the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) were recorded twice for the treatment group and three times for the control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant improvements were found for all the selected outcome measures (HAP, NHP, and gait speed) for the treatment group (p < .001). In terms of overall training effects, the 13 subjects demonstrated increases in strength of the affected major muscle groups, in HAP and NHP profiles, and in gait speed and rate of stair climbing without concomitant increases in either quadriceps or ankle plantarflexor spasticity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 10-week combined program of muscle strengthening and physical conditioning resulted in gains in all measures of impairment and disability. These gains were not associated with measurable changes of spasticity in either quadriceps or ankle plantarflexors.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Teixeira-Salmela
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Olney
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nadeau
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brouwer
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000209:etiology; D018908:Muscle Weakness / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010809:Physical Fitness; D015397:Program Evaluation; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D017741:Survivors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014891:Weight Lifting