title: Emerging trends in the management of the impalpable testis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The management of the impalpable undescended testis is controversial. The study examines emerging trends in the management of this problem.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two groups of boys were treated consecutively and recorded prospectively from 1974 to 1984 and from 1990 to 1998 inclusive. A consistent policy of using the preperitoneal approach for impalpable testis was adopted during both time intervals but during the second study period examination under anaesthesia and diagnostic laparoscopy were introduced to ascertain testicular presence and location.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Some 919 boys were treated for cryptorchidism during the study period. Ninety boys in the first group (23 per cent) underwent preperitoneal explorations for impalpable testes. Anorchia was present in 18 and orchidectomy was performed in two boys. Thirty boys in the later group (5 per cent) were diagnosed as having impalpable testes. Fifteen boys underwent successful preperitoneal orchidopexy, anorchia was present in 11 and four underwent orchidectomy, carried out for high intra-abdominal testes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Examination under anaesthesia and subsequent laparoscopic assessment for all impalpable testes has reduced the need for preperitoneal exploration for the impalpable undescended testis. In this large series, division of the testicular vessels in order to secure scrotal placement of the testis was required in one instance only.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Royal Aberdeen Children's Hospital, UK.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Flett
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Youngson
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003456:Cryptorchidism / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D013737:Testis / Q000601:surgery*