title: Role of oxidative stress in nickel chloride-induced cell injury in rat renal cortical slices.
abstract: Nickel chloride (NiCl2) induced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in rat renal cortical slices in vitro in a concentration- (0-2 mM) and time- (0-4 hr) dependent manner, with initial significant LDH release occurring as early as 1 hr, whereas significant increase in LPO started 3 hr after exposure, suggesting that LPO results from renal cell injury. Both NiCl2-induced LDH release and LPO were prevented significantly by glutathione and dithiothreitol, suggesting that NiCl2-induced renal cell injury is dependent on thiols. However, such injury is not dependent solely on thiols, because (a) these thiols failed to inhibit completely the uptake of Ni2+ by the renal cortex, and (b) diethylmaleate pretreatment failed to increase NiCl2-induced cell injury further. Superoxide dismutase partially reduced the NiCl2-induced LDH release without affecting LPO and glutathione, whereas catalase did not affect such LDH release and LPO. Dimethylthiourea and DMSO completely prevented NiCl2-induced LPO, but only partially reduced LDH release. Deferoxamine prevented NiCl2-induced renal cell injury without affecting LPO and without significantly reducing Ni2+ uptake by the renal cortex, suggesting that nickel chelation is not important in such prevention of injury. NiCl2-induced inhibition of para-aminohippurate uptake was prevented significantly by thiols, deferoxamine, and dimethylthiourea. NiCl2-induced loss of cellular glutathione content was prevented significantly by thiols and deferoxamine, but not by superoxide dismutase and dimethylthiourea. These results suggest that LPO was not related to NiCl2-induced lethal renal cell injury, whereas such injury may be caused by the induction of the Fenton reaction, generating hydroxyl radicals.
authors.affiliation: Département de Médecine du Travail et Hygiéne du Milieu, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Chakrabarti
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D017136:Ion Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D007672:Kidney Cortex / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009532:Nickel / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; C022838:nickel chloride; D009532:Nickel; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D005978:Glutathione