title: Safety assessment of butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene as antioxidant food additives.
abstract: Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) are widely used antioxidant food additives. They have been extensively studied for potential toxicities. This review details experimental studies of genotoxicity and carcinogenicity which bear on cancer hazard assessment of exposure to humans. We conclude that BHA and BHT pose no cancer hazard and, to the contrary, may be anticarcinogenic at current levels of food additive use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, American Health Foundation Valhalla, 10595, USA.
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Iatropoulos
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Whysner
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000633:toxicity*; D002083:Butylated Hydroxyanisole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D002084:Butylated Hydroxytoluene / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D015197:Carcinogenicity Tests; D002273:Carcinogens; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D004032:Diet; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005503:Food Additives; D008769:Methylnitronitrosoguanidine; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D002273:Carcinogens; D005503:Food Additives; D008769:Methylnitronitrosoguanidine; D002084:Butylated Hydroxytoluene; D002083:Butylated Hydroxyanisole