title: Immediate breast reconstruction after mastectomy for cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The oncological, surgical and cosmetic results, patient satisfaction and psychological morbidity of immediate breast reconstruction following mastectomy for breast cancer were evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1980 to 1994, 79 immediate breast reconstructions were performed in Malmö. From 1985 immediate breast reconstruction was performed in 21% of mastectomies among patients </=65 years. The most common indication for immediate reconstruction was extensive DCIS+/-multifocal invasive growth. In 61 cases permanent implants were used and in 18 expanders. The median volume in the permanent implants was 225 ml, compared with 380 ml in cases where expanders were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Post-operative complications requiring re-operation occurred in 13%. After introduction of the expander technique, no necrosis requiring explanation has occurred. Of the patients receiving radiotherapy, 71% developed capsular contracture (10/14). Four patients developed locoregional recurrence. Three-quarters of the patients had an acceptable to very satisfactory cosmetic result. Eight per cent were judged to have a Baker III-IV contracture. Of the patients, 85% were satisfied with the softness of the reconstructed breast and 76% stated the result to be in accordance with their expectations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We find immediate breast reconstruction after mastectomy a safe operation with results comparable to those after late reconstruction and without an increased risk of recurrence. Immediate reconstruction with an implant is not recommended in cases where radiotherapy may be necessary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Malmö University Hospital, Sweden.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ringberg
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tengrup
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aspegren
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Palmer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019928:Breast Implantation; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008408:Mastectomy; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D015626:Tissue Expansion; D016896:Treatment Outcome