title: Endoscopic mucosal resection with a cap-fitted endoscope versus freehand gastric mucosectomy in an animal model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endoscopic mucosal resection with a cap-fitted endoscope appears to be as effective but easier to perform than freehand mucosectomy. However, experience with this technique has been limited to small case series and there is a lack of data from direct comparison trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine pigs were randomized to mucosectomy using a cap-fitted endoscope or the freehand technique. Five mucosal resections were performed at five different sites in the gastric body in each pig. Eight to ten milliliters of a saline, epinephrine, and methylene blue solution were injected to raise a bleb to simulate a mucosal lesion. Endoscopic mucosal resection with a cap-fitted endoscope was performed by suctioning the bleb into the cap device pre-looped with an oval snare; mucosectomy was performed electrosurgically. Freehand mucosectomy was performed by encircling and then resecting the bleb using an oval snare. The ease of procedure (1 = "very easy" to 5 = "unable to complete") was assessed after each resection. The animals were recovered, maintained, and then humanely sacrificed after 2 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five pigs underwent endoscopic mucosal resection with a cap-fitted endoscope and 4 underwent freehand mucosectomy. Eight animals survived for 2 weeks without complications and one animal from the freehand group died of massive hemorrhage within 48 hours of endoscopy. Both methods produced rounded resection specimens measuring 9 to 12 mm in diameter of the full thickness of the mucosa and the submucosa. Overall ease of resection was 1.84 +/- 0.52 for the cap-fitted group and 2.98 +/- 0.86 for the freehand group (p < 0.0001). All of the sites identified at autopsy were completely re-epithelialized, except for the five sites found in the pig that died prematurely.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic mucosal resection with a cap-fitted endoscope is as effective, safe, but easier to perform compared with freehand mucosectomy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento 95817, USA.
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Low
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Leung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004598:Electrosurgery / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004867:Equipment Design; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery*; D020699:Gastroscopes / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011897:Random Allocation; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013552:Swine