title: The utility of trained arthritis patient educators in the evaluation and improvement of musculoskeletal examination skills of physicians in training.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the level of examination skills of internal medicine residents and to assess whether an intervention by trained persons with arthritis could have a greater impact on their examination skills than participation in an ambulatory care training experience.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-seven residents attended a 6-week ambulatory care rotation that included didactic teaching as well as attendance at an outpatient arthritis clinic with supervision by rheumatologists. Sixteen residents were randomly assigned to have a training encounter with an arthritis educator along with the standard experience in the arthritis clinic, whereas 11 residents received training in the arthritis clinic only. Arthritis educators evaluated the musculoskeletal examination skills of each resident during the first week of the rotation. The 16 residents in the intervention group received instruction on joint examination techniques by the arthritis educator immediately following their evaluation. At the end of the 6-week rotation, the groups were re-evaluated by a different arthritis educator. A group of 21 rheumatologists was also asked to perform a comprehensive musculoskeletal examination on individual arthritis educators. The arthritis educators assessed the examination of the rheumatologists using the same evaluation instrument that was used to assess the residents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Initially, internal medicine residents carried out the musculoskeletal examination poorly (34.2 +/- 0.09% correct, n = 27). By contrast, the rheumatologists carried out a significantly greater amount of the examination correctly (54.5 +/- 0.05%). The musculoskeletal examination skills of the residents who received additional training from an arthritis educator were significantly greater at the end of the rotation than the group who did not receive this intervention (50.5 +/- 0.10% versus 41.9 +/- 0.14% correct, P = 2.15 x 10(-5).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Internal medicine residents carried out the musculoskeletal examination poorly. However, an intervention by arthritis educators improved the musculoskeletal examination skills of internal medicine residents significantly and more effectively than the standard clinical teaching in a rheumatology outpatient clinic. The impact of the arthritis educator intervention persisted for at least 5 weeks.
authors.affiliation: Rheumatic Diseases Division, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas 75235-8884, USA.
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Branch
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Graves
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hanczyc
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Lipsky
mesh_terms: D001168:Arthritis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards*; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007388:Internal Medicine / Q000193:education*; D007396:Internship and Residency; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000592:standards*; D012219:Rheumatology / Q000193:education; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods*