title: Evaluation of conflict of interest in economic analyses of new drugs used in oncology.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies have found that when investigators have financial relationships with pharmaceutical or product manufacturers, they are less likely to criticize the safety or efficacy of these agents. The effects of health economics research on pharmaceutical company revenue make drug investigations potentially vulnerable to this bias.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether there is an association between pharmaceutical industry sponsorship and economic assessment of oncology drugs.
  
  
  METHODS
  MEDLINE and HealthSTAR databases (1988-1998) were searched for original English-language research articles of cost or cost-effectiveness analyses of 6 oncology drugs in 3 new drug categories (hematopoietic colony-stimulating factors, serotonin antagonist antiemetics, and taxanes), yielding 44 eligible articles. Two investigators independently abstracted each article based on specific criteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Relationships between funding source and (1) qualitative cost assessment (favorable, neutral, or unfavorable) and (2) qualitative conclusions that overstated quantitative results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pharmaceutical company-sponsored studies were less likely than nonprofit-sponsored studies to report unfavorable qualitative conclusions (1/20 [5%] vs 9/24 [38%]; P = .04), whereas overstatements of quantitative results were not significantly different in pharmaceutical company-sponsored (6/20 [30%]) vs nonprofit-sponsored (3/24 [13%]) studies (P = .26).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although we did not identify bias in individual studies, these findings indicate that pharmaceutical company sponsorship of economic analyses is associated with reduced likelihood of reporting unfavorable results.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Friedberg
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Saffran
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Stinson
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Bennett
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000191:economics; D016265:Conflict of Interest; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D030881:Disclosure; D004345:Drug Industry / Q000191:economics*; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000191:economics; D015507:Drugs, Investigational / Q000191:economics*; D017850:Economics, Pharmaceutical / Q000592:standards; D008495:Medical Oncology / Q000191:economics* / Q000592:standards; D009939:Organizations, Nonprofit / Q000191:economics*; D017594:Publication Bias; D012109:Research Support as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D015507:Drugs, Investigational