title: Growth inhibition of myeloid leukemia cells by troglitazone, a ligand for peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma, and retinoids.
abstract: Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) plays a central role in the process of adipocyte differentiation. This receptor and its heterodimeric partner, retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRalpha), form a DNA-binding complex that regulates transcription of adipocyte-specific genes. Troglitazone, an antidiabetic drug, has recently been identified as a synthetic ligand for PPARgamma. We studied the effects of troglitazone on proliferation and differentiation of normal and malignant hematopoietic cells. Expression of PPARgamma was easily detectable by Western blot analyses in all five myeloid leukemia cell lines. Troglitazone alone (10-5 M) did not induce differentiation in any of the cell lines; however, this compound suppressed the clonal growth (10-75% of inhibition) of all five myeloid leukemia cell lines. Myelomonocytic U937 cells, which were the most responsive to the growth suppressing effects of troglitazone, were arrested in the G1 phase of the cell cycle when cultured with this compound. Simultaneous treatment of myeloid leukemia cell lines with both troglitazone and a ligand that specifically binds either RXR (LG100268), or retinoic acid receptors (RAR, ATRA, ALART1550), or both (9-cis RA) resulted in additive suppression of clonal growth. In summary, our studies showed that troglitazone when combined with a retinoid was a moderately potent inhibitor of clonogenic growth of acute myeloid leukemia cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Cytogenetics, Research Institute for Radiation Research and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Asou
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Verbeek
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Williamson
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Elstner
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kamada
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Koeffler
mesh_terms: D000077556:Alitretinoin; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000633:toxicity; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects*; D002839:Chromans / Q000633:toxicity*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007951:Leukemia, Myeloid; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000633:toxicity*; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000633:toxicity; D000077288:Troglitazone; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D020298:U937 Cells
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D002839:Chromans; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D013844:Thiazoles; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D014157:Transcription Factors; D013481:Superoxides; D000077556:Alitretinoin; D014212:Tretinoin; D000077288:Troglitazone