title: Tandem intracranial stent deployment for treatment of an iatrogenic, flow-limiting, basilar artery dissection: technical case report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Intimal dissection constitutes one of the complications associated with angioplasty of intracranial vessels. We present a case of iatrogenic dissection of the entire basilar artery, which was induced by angioplasty and stenting of symptomatic, focal, intracranial vertebral artery stenosis, and its successful treatment with tandem deployment of a downstream stent.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 61-year-old, hypertensive, renal transplant recipient presented with orthostatic vertebrobasilar insufficiency that was refractory to medical management, including anticoagulation therapy. Angiography revealed an occluded right vertebral artery and focal, high-grade, left intracranial vertebral artery stenosis. Magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple posterior fossa infarctions. The left intracranial vertebral artery stenosis was successfully treated with primary stent deployment and balloon angioplasty, with symptom resolution. On postprocedure Day 2, the patient noted worsening right hemiparesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subsequent angiography revealed a flow-limiting, windsock-type, basilar artery dissection beginning at the distal end of the left vertebral artery stent and extending to the origin of the left posterior cerebral artery. A tandem stent was navigated intracranially and deployed past the first one, successfully sealing the dissection inflow zone and reconstituting normal flow to the top of the basilar artery. A clinical follow-up examination at 3 months revealed no further orthostatic symptoms and only mild residual right-sided weakness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first description of iatrogenic stent-induced dissection of the entire basilar artery that was successfully treated by inflow zone control via tandem intracranial stent deployment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Malek
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Higashida
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Halbach
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Phatouros
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Meyers
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Dowd
mesh_terms: D000784:Aortic Dissection / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon; D001488:Basilar Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019233:Retreatment; D015607:Stents; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014715:Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy