title: Suppression of glycogen synthase kinase activity is not sufficient for leukemia enhancer factor-1 activation.
abstract: Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK) can be regulated by different signaling pathways including those mediated by protein kinase Akt and Wnt proteins. Wnt proteins are believed to activate a transcription factor leukemia enhancer factor-1 (LEF-1) by inhibiting GSK, and Akt was shown to phosphorylate GSK and inhibit its kinase activity. We investigated the effect of an activated Akt on the accumulation of cytosolic beta-catenin and LEF-1-dependent transcription. Although the activated Akt, mAkt, clearly inhibited the kinase activity of GSK, mAkt alone did not induce accumulation of cytosolic beta-catenin or activate LEF-1-dependent transcription. On the contrary, coexpressed Wnt-1 and Frat activated LEF-1 but did not show significant inhibition of GSK-mediated phosphorylation of a peptide substrate. However, mAkt could act synergistically with Wnt-1 or Frat to activate LEF-1. In addition, the interaction of GSK for Axin appeared to decrease in the presence of mAkt, whereas the interaction for Frat remained unchanged. Consistently, a GSK mutant with substitution of a Phe residue for residue Tyr-216, which showed one-fifth of kinase activity of the wild-type GSK, exhibited a reduced association for Axin than the wild-type GSK. These results suggest that inhibition of GSK kinase activity is not sufficient for activation of LEF-1 but may facilitate the activation by reducing the interaction of GSK for Axin. The additional mechanism for LEF-1 activation may require dissociation of GSK from Axin as Frat facilitates the dissociation of GSK from Axin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Rochester, New York 14642, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000818:Animals; D060466:Axin Protein; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D038341:Glycogen Synthase Kinases; D008156:Luciferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051821:Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1; D051379:Mice; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D051155:Wnt1 Protein; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D060466:Axin Protein; C495267:CTNNB1 protein, mouse; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C491818:Frat1 protein, mouse; C497574:Lef1 protein, mouse; D051821:Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D051155:Wnt1 Protein; C495246:Wnt1 protein, mouse; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin; D008156:Luciferases; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D038341:Glycogen Synthase Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3