title: Promotion of skeletal muscle differentiation by K252a with tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion: a possible involvement of small GTPase Rho.
abstract: K252a, a protein kinase inhibitor, acts as a neurotrophic factor in several neuronal cells. In this study we show that K252a enhanced the differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts as well as tyrosine phosphorylation of several focal adhesion-associated proteins including p130(Cas), focal adhesion kinase, and paxillin. The tyrosine phosphorylation of these proteins, reaching a maximum at 30 min after K252a treatment, closely correlated with the colocalization of these proteins in focal adhesion complexes and the coimmunoprecipitation of these proteins with p130(Cas). In addition, K252a stimulated longitudinal development of stress fiber-like structures and cell-matrix interaction in postmitotic myoblasts and eventually formation of well-developed myofibrils in multinucleated myotubes. Herbimycin A, a potent inhibitor of Src family kinases, and cytochalasin D, a selective disrupting-agent of actin filament, completely inhibited K252a-induced tyrosine phosphorylation as well as myoblast differentiation. Similar inhibitory effect was observed in the cells scrape loaded with a Rho inhibitor, C3 transferase, and the treatment of K252a induced a rapid translocation of Rho. These results are consistent with the model that Rho-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion-associated proteins plays an important role in skeletal muscle differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Research Center for Cell Differentiation, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea.
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rhee
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000502:physiology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases / Q000502:physiology*; D026121:Indole Alkaloids; D051379:Mice; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002227:Carbazoles; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D026121:Indole Alkaloids; D014443:Tyrosine; C049985:staurosporine aglycone; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C496051:Ptk2 protein, mouse; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases