title: Gadolinium-enhanced 3D MRA prior to isolated hepatic perfusion for metastases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Isolated hepatic perfusion (IHP) is a new treatment for patients with isolated unresectable liver metastases, which can result in a partial or complete response in approximately 75% of patients. Preoperative knowledge of hepatic arterial anatomy is important to adequately perfuse the liver. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is currently used to identify the hepatic arterial anatomy. The purpose of this study was to determine if MR angiography (MRA) could replace DSA prior to IHP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-seven patients scheduled to undergo IHP underwent MRA with a contrast-enhanced 3D time-of-flight gradient echo sequence. Both maximal intensity projections (MIPs) and source coronal images were used to evaluate the images. The results of the MRA were interpreted by two readers who were blinded to the surgical results. The first 17 patients also underwent DSA, and a separate comparison was made with those results. Anatomy was characterized as either normal hepatic arteries (NHAs), normal vasculature with an accessory left hepatic artery (aLHA), or a replaced right hepatic artery (rRHA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  MRA correctly detected all 22 patients with NHAs but also identified 6 aLHAs, of which only 2 were confirmed surgically. MRA correctly detected all five rRHAs. MIP images alone accurately depicted the hepatic arterial anatomy in only 9 of 27 (33%), usually because significant vessels were not visualized or their origin could not be determined. Source coronal images were required to accurately determine the anatomy in all patients. Among the 17 patients who underwent DSA, MRA detected 14 of 14 with NHA and 3 of 3 with rRHA. Six aLHAs were identified by MRA and five were confirmed by DSA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Enhanced 3D MRA is an accurate method of depicting the hepatic arterial supply. In comparison to surgery, MRA overestimates the number of aLHAs, but this may be because these small vessels are not detected at surgery. Based on the results of this study, DSA has been replaced by MRA in the planning of IHP at our institution. A better display of MRA images is needed as MIP images were usually insensitive for the small caliber arteries supplying the liver.
authors.affiliation: Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zeh
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Choyke
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Bartlett
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Libutti
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Summers
mesh_terms: D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D002445:Celiac Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D010478:Chemotherapy, Cancer, Regional Perfusion / Q000379:methods*; D003287:Contrast Media; D005682:Gadolinium; D006499:Hepatic Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C062402:gadoteridol; D005682:Gadolinium