title: Clinical usefulness of MR imaging of the breast in the evaluation of the problematic mammogram.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to determine the usefulness of MR imaging of the breast as an adjunct to mammography in problematic cases in which the significance, presence, or location of an abnormality could not be determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 1993 through February 1998, 86 lesions for which histologic or mammographic follow-up was available were evaluated by breast MR imaging because of equivocal findings on mammography. MR studies were performed with a dedicated breast multicoil on a 1.5-T scanner. Early studies were done using a T1-weighted two-dimensional spin-echo sequence before and after the administration of contrast material. Later studies were performed using a three-dimensional fast spoiled gradient sequence with fat suppression. Studies were considered to be positive for an abnormality if a focal area of enhancement was seen after contrast administration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MR imaging had positive findings in 38 sites. Twenty-six of these sites corresponded in location to the mammographic abnormality that had prompted the recommendation for MR imaging. The remaining 12 sites occurred in areas not suspected mammographically. At biopsy, 10 (26%) of the 38 positive sites were malignant. MR imaging had negative findings at 60 other sites that had been suspected mammographically. Of these 60 sites, six were treated with excision, all with benign results; the remaining 54 sites showed mammographic stability on follow-up that ranged from 5 to 66 months (mean, 19 months).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MR imaging of the breast can be a valuable adjunct to mammography for selected problematic cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Troiano
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tocino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D018275:Carcinoma, Lobular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008327:Mammography; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity