title: beta-Particle-emitting radioactive stent implantation. A safety and feasibility study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study represents the Heart Center Rotterdam's contribution to the Isostents for Restenosis Intervention Study, a nonrandomized multicenter trial evaluating the safety and feasibility of the radioactive Isostent in patients with single coronary artery disease. Restenosis after stent implantation is primarily caused by neointimal hyperplasia. In animal studies, beta-particle-emitting radioactive stents decrease neointimal hyperplasia by inhibiting smooth muscle cell proliferation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The radioisotope (32)P, a beta-particle emitter with a half-life of 14.3 days, was directly embedded into the Isostent. The calculated range of radioactivity was 0.75 to 1.5 microCi. Quantitative coronary angiography measurements were performed before and after the procedure and at 6-month follow-up. A total of 31 radioactive stents were used in 26 patients; 30 (97%) were successfully implanted, and 1 was embolized. Treated lesions were in the left anterior descending coronary artery (n=12), the right coronary artery (n=8), or the left circumflex coronary artery (n=6). Five patients received additional, nonradioactive stents. Treated lesion lengths were 13+/-4 mm, with a reference diameter of 2.93+/-0. 47 mm. Minimum lumen diameter increased from 0.87+/-0.28 mm preprocedure to 2.84+/-0.35 mm postprocedure. No in-hospital adverse cardiac events occurred. All patients received aspirin indefinitely and ticlopidine for 4 weeks. Twenty-three patients (88%) returned for 6-month angiographic follow-up; 17% of them had in-stent restenosis, and 13% had repeat revascularization. No restenosis was observed at the stent edges. Minimum lumen diameter at follow-up averaged 1.85+/-0.69 mm, which resulted in a late loss of 0.99+/-0. 59 mm and a late loss index of 0.53+/-0.35. No other major cardiac events occurred during the 6-month follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of radioactive stents with an activity of 0.75 to 1.5 microCi is safe and feasible.
authors.affiliation: Thoraxcenter, Heartcenter, University Hospital Rotterdam, Dijkzigt The Netherlands. Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Wardeh
authors.forename: I P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Kay
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sabaté
authors.forename: V L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Coen
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Gijzel
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ligthart
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: den Boer
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Levendag
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: van Der Giessen
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Serruys
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001610:Beta Particles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006083:Graft Occlusion, Vascular / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D010761:Phosphorus Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D010761:Phosphorus Radioisotopes; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D013988:Ticlopidine; D001241:Aspirin