title: Identification of inhibitory autophosphorylation sites in casein kinase I epsilon.
abstract: Casein kinase I epsilon (CKIepsilon) is a widely expressed protein kinase implicated in the regulation of diverse cellular processes including DNA replication and repair, nuclear trafficking, and circadian rhythm. CKIepsilon and the closely related CKIdelta are regulated in part through autophosphorylation of their carboxyl-terminal extensions, resulting in down-regulation of enzyme activity. Treatment of CKIepsilon with any of several serine/threonine phosphatases causes a marked increase in kinase activity that is self-limited. To identify the sites of inhibitory autophosphorylation, a series of carboxyl-terminal deletion mutants was constructed by site-directed mutagenesis. Truncations that eliminated specific phosphopeptides present in the wild-type kinase were used to guide construction of specific serine/threonine to alanine mutants. Amino acids Ser-323, Thr-325, Thr-334, Thr-337, Ser-368, Ser-405, Thr-407, and Ser-408 in the carboxyl-terminal tail of CKIepsilon were identified as probable in vivo autophosphorylation sites. A recombinant CKIepsilon protein with serine and threonine to alanine mutations eliminating these autophosphorylation sites was 8-fold more active than wild-type CKIepsilon using IkappaBalpha as a substrate. The identified autophosphorylation sites do not conform to CKI substrate motifs identified in peptide substrates.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA.
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Gietzen
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Virshup
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D001665:Binding Sites; D047388:Casein Kinases; D002460:Cell Line; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D016384:Consensus Sequence; D004260:DNA Repair; D004261:DNA Replication; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D010449:Peptide Mapping; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D011494:Protein Kinases; D047388:Casein Kinases