title: Uses and future applications of flow cytometry in immunotoxicity testing.
abstract: Flow cytometry is an emerging technology that has numerous applications to immunotoxicity testing. The use and development of high-speed single-cell laser-based assays capable of quantitation of fluorescence, light scatter, and electrical impedance measurements can provide important information on xenobiotic-induced toxicity in defined target cell populations. The purpose of this article is to briefly review established and emerging immunotoxicology assays that use flow cytometry. In the coming years it is likely that many new flow cytometry assays will be developed and validated that will improve the sensitivity and perhaps specificity of immunotoxicity testing. Since flow cytometry is readily adaptable to high-throughput screening, it is also likely that this technology will increasingly find its place in the preclinical testing of drugs and chemicals in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy Toxicology Program, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA. burchiel@unm.edu
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Burchiel
authors.forename: F T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Lauer
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gurulé
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Mounho
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Salas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D015415:Biomarkers; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002453:Cell Cycle; D002470:Cell Survival; D004249:DNA Damage; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006801:Humans; D007158:Immunologic Techniques; D008027:Light; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D014116:Toxicology / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D002118:Calcium