title: Protein kinase C-zeta and phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 are required for insulin-induced activation of ERK in rat adipocytes.
abstract: The mechanisms used by insulin to activate the multifunctional intracellular effectors, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), are only partly understood and appear to vary in different cell types. Presently, in rat adipocytes, we found that insulin-induced activation of ERK was blocked (a) by chemical inhibitors of both phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase C (PKC)-zeta, and, moreover, (b) by transient expression of both dominant-negative Deltap85 PI3K subunit and kinase-inactive PKC-zeta. Further, insulin effects on ERK were inhibited by kinase-inactive 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK-1), and by mutation of Thr-410 in the activation loop of PKC-zeta, which is the target of PDK-1 and is essential for PI3K/PDK-1-dependent activation of PKC-zeta. In addition to requirements for PI3K, PDK-1, and PKC-zeta, we found that a tyrosine kinase (presumably the insulin receptor), the SH2 domain of GRB2, SOS, RAS, RAF, and MEK1 were required for insulin effects on ERK in the rat adipocyte. Our findings therefore suggested that PDK-1 and PKC-zeta serve as a downstream effectors of PI3K, and act in conjunction with GRB2, SOS, RAS, and RAF, to activate MEK and ERK during insulin action in rat adipocytes.
authors.affiliation: J. A. Haley Veterans Hospital Research Service, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA.
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Sajan
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Standaert
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bandyopadhyay
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Quon
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Farese
mesh_terms: D064413:3-Phosphoinositide-Dependent Protein Kinases; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000201:enzymology*; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D000730:Androstadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004822:Epididymis; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D019833:Genistein / Q000494:pharmacology; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011972:Receptor, Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013912:Threonine; D000077191:Wortmannin; D018909:src Homology Domains; D000099221:Protein Kinase C zeta
chemical_list: D064413:3-Phosphoinositide-Dependent Protein Kinases; D000730:Androstadienes; D002867:Chromones; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D019833:Genistein; D007328:Insulin; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D009025:Morpholines; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011972:Receptor, Insulin; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013912:Threonine; D000077191:Wortmannin; D000099221:Protein Kinase C zeta; C085911:2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one