title: A mutation linked with Bartter's syndrome locks Kir 1.1a (ROMK1) channels in a closed state.
abstract: Mutations in the inward rectifying renal K(+) channel, Kir 1.1a (ROMK), have been linked with Bartter's syndrome, a familial salt-wasting nephropathy. One disease-causing mutation removes the last 60 amino acids (332-391), implicating a previously unappreciated domain, the extreme COOH terminus, as a necessary functional element. Consistent with this hypothesis, truncated channels (Kir 1.1a 331X) are nonfunctional. In the present study, the roles of this domain were systematically evaluated. When coexpressed with wild-type subunits, Kir 1.1a 331X exerted a negative effect, demonstrating that the mutant channel is synthesized and capable of oligomerization. Plasmalemma localization of Kir 1.1a 331X green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion construct was indistinguishable from the GFP-wild-type channel, demonstrating that mutant channels are expressed on the oocyte plasma membrane in a nonconductive or locked-closed conformation. Incremental reconstruction of the COOH terminus identified amino acids 332-351 as the critical residues for restoring channel activity and uncovered the nature of the functional defect. Mutant channels that are truncated at the extreme boundary of the required domain (Kir 1.1a 351X) display marked inactivation behavior characterized by frequent occupancy in a long-lived closed state. A critical analysis of the Kir 1.1a 331X dominant negative effect suggests a molecular mechanism underlying the aberrant closed-state stabilization. Coexpression of different doses of mutant with wild-type subunits produced an intermediate dominant negative effect, whereas incorporation of a single mutant into a tetrameric concatemer conferred a complete dominant negative effect. This identifies the extreme COOH terminus as an important subunit interaction domain, controlling the efficiency of oligomerization. Collectively, these observations provide a mechanistic basis for the loss of function in one particular Bartter's-causing mutation and identify a structural element that controls open-state occupancy and determines subunit oligomerization. Based on the overlapping functions of this domain, we speculate that intersubunit interactions within the COOH terminus may regulate the energetics of channel opening.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA.
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Flagg
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tate
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Merot
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Welling
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001477:Bartter Syndrome / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005260:Female; D016368:Frameshift Mutation; D017353:Gene Deletion; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D006801:Humans; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D015640:Ion Channel Gating / Q000235:genetics*; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000235:genetics; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016296:Mutagenesis / Q000502:physiology; D009865:Oocytes / Q000502:physiology; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014982:Xenopus laevis
chemical_list: D007202:Indicators and Reagents; C086989:KCNJ1 protein, human; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D015221:Potassium Channels; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins