title: Granulocyte-colony-stimulating-factor-producing hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) rarely show marked granulocytosis. We report an interesting case of rapidly growing poorly differentiated HCC associated with marked granulocytosis. The blood leukocyte count decreased following several treatments for HCC, including transcatheter arterial embolization, and increased again along with tumor regrowth. The serum levels of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) were markedly elevated, and immunohistochemical study showed G-CSF staining in the cytoplasm of certain HCC cells. These findings confirm that HCC in this case was a G-CSF-producing tumor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine III, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takashima
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuroda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakmaura
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor