title: Evaluation of upper gastrointestinal tract symptoms in patients infected with HIV.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Upper gastrointestinal tract (UGI) symptoms are frequent in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but little published information exists about their characteristics or methods of evaluation. We evaluated the prevalence of nonesophageal UGI symptoms in a referral population, the utility of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) for diagnosis, and clinical predictors of abnormal endoscopic findings in patients infected with HIV.
  
  
  METHODS
  All HIV-infected patients referred to.the outpatient gastroenterology clinics were prospectively evaluated using recognized symptom questionnaires. EGD indications, results, and the patients' self-reported symptom scores were compared. HIV-infected patients undergoing EGD were compared with HIV-infected patients not receiving an EGD and with symptomatic non-HIV-infected patients undergoing EGD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 201 patients completed 280 questionnaires. Among 93 patients who underwent endoscopy, severe symptoms occurring at least several times per week included: anorexia (70%), upper abdominal pain (34%), vomiting (32%), or a recent weight loss of approximately 15 lb (31%). Patients undergoing EGD had more frequent/severe symptoms, but did not have differences in overall well-being or mean GI symptom score. The frequency of substantial and treatable endoscopic findings among patients infected with HIV was comparable to that found in the non-HIV-infected control group. There were no independent symptoms predicting substantial or treatable disease on EGD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that: 1) upper gastrointestinal symptoms are common in HIV-infected patients referred for GI consultation; 2) symptomatic HIV patients have a high prevalence of both treatable and untreatable upper GI pathologies; 3) and physicians use symptom frequency and severity to select patients for EGD, but these factors correlate poorly with abnormalities on EGD. Given this discrepancy, longitudinal study is needed to determine whether treating endoscopic abnormalities improves UGI symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, The Gastroenterology Clinical Outcomes Research and Epidemiology Group, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Corley
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Cello
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koch
mesh_terms: D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D019053:HIV Enteropathy / Q000175:diagnosis; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires