title: Early nasogastric tube removal combined with metoclopramide after radical cystectomy and urinary diversion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prolonged nasogastric decompression increases pulmonary complications by inhibiting clearance of respiratory secretions. The literature supports early nasogastric tube removal following bowel resection. Metoclopramide stimulates bowel activity, promoting return of function. We examined combining early nasogastric tube removal with metoclopramide after radical cystectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1994 to 1996, 27 prospective cystectomy patients received intravenous metoclopramide (metoclopramide group) combined with early nasogastric tube removal (less than 24 hours). A total of 54 concurrent cystectomy controls received no metoclopramide and nasogastric tubes remained until return of normal bowel function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preoperative and perioperative factors were comparable between the 2 groups. Nasogastric tubes were removed from 78% of the metoclopramide group in less than 24 hours, 11% on day 2 and 11% on day 3 compared to none on day 1, 50% on day 2 and 50% on day 3 or greater in controls. The metoclopramide group had a more rapid return of normal bowel sounds (2.9 versus 4.0 days, p = 0.0002) and earlier tolerance of solid food (6.7 versus 7.9 days, p = 0.04). Nasogastric tube replacement was required in 3 of 27 metoclopramide cases versus 5 of 54 controls. Atelectasis occurred more often in the control group (33 versus 15%). There were no bowel related complications in the metoclopramide group but partial small bowel obstruction in 2 controls was treated conservatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This preliminary study suggests that combining intravenous metoclopramide with early nasogastric tube removal after cystectomy and urinary diversion may reduce postoperative atelectasis and speed return of bowel function while posing no danger to the small bowel anastomosis. This regimen may result in fewer complications and shorter hospitalizations, translating into lower costs without compromising quality of care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Donat
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Slaton
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Pisters
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Swanson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015653:Cystectomy; D005260:Female; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007441:Intubation, Gastrointestinal; D008297:Male; D008787:Metoclopramide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014547:Urinary Diversion
chemical_list: D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents; D008787:Metoclopramide