title: Long-term treatment of chronic hepatitis C with ursodeoxycholic acid: influence of HCV genotypes and severity of liver disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Current therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is based on the administration of interferon alpha (IFN) alone or in combination with other anti-viral agents. However, such therapy is effective in only a minority of selected patients. Long-term ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) treatment has been reported to improve liver function and structure especially in cholestatic disorders. We investigated the effect of long-term UDCA treatment on liver function in respect to the severity of chronic liver disease and HCV genotypes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five patients with non-cholestatic laparoscopy-biopsy proven HCV-associated chronic hepatitis (n=16) or cirrhosis (n=29) who had not responded to, or were unsuitable for IFN, were randomly assigned to receive UDCA (600 mg/day; n=23) or no therapy (n=22) for 12 months. At entry, all patients were evaluated by means of conventional and quantitative liver function tests (LFTs), including galactose elimination capacity and antipyrine clearance, HCV antibodies, HCV-RNA and HCV genotypes. LFTs were measured at 6 and at 12 months, whereas HCV-RNA was determined again after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline characteristics were comparable in the two study groups. Long-term UDCA therapy was well tolerated. Based on the analysis of variance, there was a significant decrease in serum transaminase, LDH and GGT levels in UDCA treated patients. By contrast, the activities of these enzymes increased in untreated patients, with AST levels reaching statistical significance only. Statistical analysis also showed that the improvement in biochemical markers was more pronounced in UDCA treated patients with liver cirrhosis than in those with chronic hepatitis but was similar in patients with HCV genotype 1b and non-1b. However, HCV-RNA was positive in all patients after treatment. Quantitative LFTs remained, on average, stable over the 12 months of the trial in all groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term UDCA treatment is well tolerated in patients with HCV-associated chronic liver disease. The effect appears to be greater in cirrhotics than in patients with chronic hepatitis but is independent of HCV genotypes. Thus, long-term UDCA treatment, despite the absence of an anti-viral effect, seems beneficial in reducing disease activity in patients with chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis who are unsuitable for IFN therapy.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Internal Medicine and Center for the Study of Aging of C.N.R., University of Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lirussi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Beccarello
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bortolato
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Morselli-Labate
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Crovatto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ceselli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Santini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Crepaldi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D002756:Cholagogues and Choleretics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies / Q000032:analysis; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014580:Ursodeoxycholic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D002756:Cholagogues and Choleretics; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies; D012367:RNA, Viral; D014580:Ursodeoxycholic Acid; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase