title: Low-cost high-volume extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation in Nepal.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To improve current clinical practices and ways of thinking about the problem of curable Third-World blindness resulting from cataract.
  
  
  METHODS
  A two-site prospective, nonrandomized, comparative clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients from 2 distinct surgical venues underwent cataract surgery following the same carefully outlined protocol: 62 consecutive cases from the Tilganga Eye Centre in Katmandu, Nepal, and 207 cases from a remote eye camp in rural Chaughada, Nepal.
  
  
  METHODS
  Extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) implantation surgery using a technique developed by Dr. Sanduk Ruit of the Tilganga Eye Centre in conjunction with the Medical Directorate of the Fred Hollows Foundation of Australia. Also presented is the teaching method used to help make local doctors proficient in this technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Visual acuity recorded at 2 months after surgery as well as surgical complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preoperative visual acuities for the 62 patients from the Tilganga Eye Centre ranged from 20/60 to light perception only (4 patients were untested). At 2 months after surgery, 87.1% had a best-corrected visual acuity of 20/60 or better. There were zero major surgical complications reported from the Tilganga group. Of the 207 patients at the Chaughada eye camp, preoperative visual acuities (recorded for 177 [85.5%]) ranged from 20/200 or greater to light perception only. One hundred eighty-nine (91.3%) of the patients returned for an examination at 2 months after surgery, at which time 54.5% had an uncorrected visual acuity of 20/60 or greater, improving to 74.1% with correction. There were six (2.9%) surgical complications documented at Chaughada.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because the average operative time using the technique presented here is less than 10 minutes per case and the cost per surgery is less than $20, the surgical results are significant in addressing the massive problem of cataract blindness in the Third World. With some changes in preoperative care, a simplified surgical technique, the development of local lens factories, and the implementation of teaching programs, effective lens implantation cataract surgery can be done in high volume at affordable costs in remote areas of underserved nations.
authors.affiliation: Tilganga Eye Centre, Katmandu, Nepal.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ruit
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Tabin
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Nissman
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Paudyal
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gurung
mesh_terms: D002386:Cataract / Q000453:epidemiology; D002387:Cataract Extraction / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003906:Developing Countries; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D019654:Lens Implantation, Intraocular; D008875:Middle Aged; D009390:Nepal / Q000453:epidemiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014792:Visual Acuity