title: Total cryosurgery of the prostate versus standard cryosurgery versus radical prostatectomy: comparison of early results and the role of transurethral resection in cryosurgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Results of standard cryosurgery of the prostate for prostate cancer in 49 patients were compared to those of destruction of the urethra during or after cryosurgery with subsequent transurethral resection or total freezing of the prostate (total cryosurgery) in 27. These results were compared to those of radical surgery in 83 patients with similar age, stage and grade of disease, and prostate specific antigen (PSA).
  
  
  METHODS
  The 76 cryosurgery cases included all of those treated by 1 surgeon (R. S. G.) for localized prostate cancer after July 1, 1995. The 83 radical perineal prostatectomy cases consisted of all of those treated by another surgeon during the study period and by R. S. G. before cryosurgery use. Success was defined as a PSA of 0.2 or less 6 months after the procedure and a stricter standard, 0.0 PSA, was also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The success rate was 96% for total cryosurgery, 48.9% for standard cryosurgery and 73.4% for radical surgery. Using 0.0 PSA as a criterion, 66.7% of total cryosurgery, 16.3% of standard cryosurgery and 48.2% of radical surgery cases were successfully treated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Total cryosurgical destruction of the prostate may offer new opportunities for cancer treatment heretofore unrecognized and should undergo more investigational analysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Massachusetts/Memorial Health Systems Hospital, Marlborough, USA.
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Gould
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000601:surgery*; D000368:Aged; D003452:Cryosurgery / Q000379:methods*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome