title: Circadian variation in nasal reactivity in children with allergic rhinitis: correlation with the activity of eosinophils and basophilic cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In allergic rhinitis, the major symptoms of runny nose, sneezing, and stuffy nose tend to become worse upon waking up in the morning, and yet the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are poorly understood. We investigated whether the worsening of allergic rhinitis in the morning is associated with changes in the activity of inflammatory cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nasal reactivity to methacholine was assessed twice in 8 children with allergic rhinitis and 8 healthy control subjects at 6.00 a.m. and 3.00 p.m. The amounts of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), histamine and tryptase in induced nasal secretions and peripheral blood were also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nasal reactivity to methacholine was higher at 6.00 a.m. not only in patients but also in healthy controls. Serum ECP and plasma histamine levels showed no circadian patterns. On the other hand, significantly higher levels of inflammatory activation products were found in nasal secretions at 6.00 a.m., thus showing a direct association with nasal reactivity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the circadian variation in nasal reactivity is associated with changes in the activity of eosinophils and basophilic cells in the nasal mucosa.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Research, National Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba, Japan. cfy27505@simosizu.hosp.go.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aoyagi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sekine
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishimuta
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Konno
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shimojo
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kohno
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001491:Basophils / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*