title: Hyoscyamine as a pharmacological adjunct in colonoscopy: a randomized, double blinded, placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Investigators have assessed the utility of antispasmodic agents in colonoscopy, with conflicting results. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of premedication with hyoscyamine, an anticholinergic antispasmodic, on outcomes in colonoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 165 patients undergoing elective colonoscopy were randomized in a double blinded fashion to one of three arms: intravenous hyoscyamine (0.25 mg), oral hyoscyamine (0.25 mg), or placebo, administered 20-40 min before colonoscopy. Primary outcome measures included insertion time to cecum, patient's assessment of pain, and physician assessment of spasm. Secondary outcome measures included amount of analgesic medications used, total procedure time, amount and type of pathology visualized, and physician assessment of patient's pain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bivariate analysis showed no difference between the three groups in insertion time (13.8 min, 14.8 min, and 13.8 min for placebo, intravenous hyoscyamine, and oral hyocyamine, respectively), analgesic medication necessary, or any other primary or secondary outcome variable. Multivariate analysis controlling for potential confounders also failed to demonstrate any differences between the groups. Women had higher procedure duration and analgesic requirement, and reported more pain than did men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This randomized, double blinded, placebo-controlled trial did not demonstrate efficacy of either intravenous or oral hyoscyamine as a premedication for colonoscopy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7080, USA.
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Shaheen
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Crosby
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Furs
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: May
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Harlan
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Grimm
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Isaacs
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Bozymski
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D001285:Atropine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003113:Colonoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010276:Parasympatholytics / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists; D010276:Parasympatholytics; D001285:Atropine