title: Rectal sedation with diazepam or midazolam during extractions of traumatized primary incisors: a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial in Swedish children aged 1.5-3.5 years.
abstract: The aim of this study was to compare rectal sedation with diazepam and rectal sedation with midazolam with regard to sedative effect, treatment acceptance, and amnesia. Ninety children, 1.5-3.5 years of age, consecutively referred for extractions of traumatized primary incisors were randomly sedated with diazepam (0.7 mg/kg body weight) or midazolam (0.3 mg/kg body weight). The study design was randomized and double-blind. The level of sedation (state of mind) was assessed prior to and 10 and 60 min after administration of the drug by use of a behavioral scale (Wilton). The children's acceptance of procedures was assessed using another behavioral scale (Holst) during administration of the sedative, application of topical anesthesia, injection of a local anesthesia, and extraction. Amnesia was evaluated by the parents on the following day, with the child being asked standardized questions. Parental ratings of the child's and their own distress during and after treatment were made on a visual analog scale (VAS). No differences were found between the sedatives concerning level of sedation during treatment, acceptance of procedures, or amnesia. At discharge, 60 min after administration of the sedative, the children receiving diazepam were significantly more agitated (P=0.006). Parental rating on a VAS of the child's discomfort after treatment was significantly higher in the diazepam group (P=0.006). There was a tendency for children with poor acceptance of the rectal administration to display a more negative acceptance of the dental treatment. In conclusion, the present results, in combination with known pharmacological advantages, indicate that midazolam is preferable in outpatients when sedation is needed and amnesia is desirable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Sweden. boel.jensen@od.mah.se
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schröder
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Månsson
mesh_terms: D000285:Administration, Rectal; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003975:Diazepam / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007180:Incisor / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D007223:Infant; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden; D014081:Tooth Extraction / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D003975:Diazepam; D008874:Midazolam