title: Percutaneous transmyocardial revascularization with holmium laser in patients with refractory angina: a pilot feasibility study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Percutaneous transluminal myocardial revascularization (PTMR) is a new procedure to improve perfusion of the ventricular wall for patients with intractable angina that is untreatable by surgery or conventional catheter-based intervention. PTMR allows the creation of myocardial channels through the controlled delivery of holmium laser energy from the ventricular chamber. Preliminary studies in animals and human subject have yielded promising results. We now report the feasibility study of PTMR using a laser delivered through a novel Eclipse system, and we present the results of this sole therapy in patients with severe coronary disease and angina refractory to maximal medical treatment angina (III-IV CCS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Percutaneous vascular access for PTMR treatment was obtained via the femoral artery. A 9F directional catheter carrying flexible fiber optics was used with a holmium laser (Eclipse system) and was placed across the aortic valve into the left ventricle cavity to create channels with a depth of 5 mm from the endocardial surface into the myocardial tissue. From April to November 1998, 15 patients underwent PTMR with Eclipse system. Two patients were female; the mean age was 66 +/- 8 (range 59-74). Five patients had a severe LV dysfunction (FE < 30%). Preoperative angina class was III in 10 patients and IV in 5 and previous myocardial procedures had been performed in all patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The procedure was well tolerated and procedural success was obtained in 14 of 15 patients. There was one myocardial perforation because of guiding-catheter manipulation (pericardial drainage in fourth day). We performed a mean of 13 +/- 4 channels in a mean fluoro time of 23 +/- 11 min. Upon release and during follow-up (5.3 months +/- 4.2, range 2-10), angina class had significantly improved in 14 of 14 patients with complete PTMR treatment, with 4 asymptomatic patients, 6 patients in CCS I, 3 in CCS II, 2 in CCS III and only one patient hospitalized due to angina.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This pilot study confirmed the safety and technical feasibility of PTMR. Immediate and short-term results confirm that a clinical improvement is obtained in most patients. Although these are early clinical benefits, the true efficacy of this approach will necessarily be defined by a randomized trials with prospectively-defined endpoints and with PTMR compared with medical therapy.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, S. Anna Hospital, Como.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galli
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zerboni
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Politi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Llambro
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bonatti
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Molteni
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ferrari
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000145:classification / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006695:Holmium; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D006695:Holmium