title: Inhibition of intravacuolar acidification by antisense RNA decreases osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption in vitro.
abstract: The role of proton transport and production in osteoclast differentiation was studied in vitro by inhibiting the transcription/translation of carbonic anhydrase II (CA II) and vacuolar H(+)-ATPase (V-ATPase) by antisense RNA molecules. Antisense RNAs targeted against CA II, or the 16 kDa or 60 kDa subunit of V-ATPase were used to block the expression of the specific proteins. A significant decrease in bone resorption rate and TRAP-positive osteoclast number was seen in rat bone marrow cultures and fetal mouse metacarpal cultures after antisense treatment. Intravacuolar acidification in rat bone marrow cells was also significantly decreased after antisense treatment. The CA II antisense RNA increased the number of TRAP-positive mononuclear cells, suggesting inhibition of osteoclast precursor fusion. Antisense molecules decreased the number of monocytes and macrophages, but increased the number of granulocytes in marrow cultures. GM-CSF, IL-3 and IL-6 were used to stimulate haematopoietic stem cell differentiation. The 16 kDa V-ATPase antisense RNA abolished the stimulatory effect of GM-CSF, IL-3 and IL-6 on TRAP-positive osteoclast formation, but did not affect the formation of monocytes and macrophages after IL-3 treatment, or the formation of granulocytes after IL-6 treatment. These results suggest that CA II and V-ATPase are needed, not only for the actual resorption, but also for osteoclast formation in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Finland. tilale@utu.fi.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Laitala-Leinonen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Löwik
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Papapoulos
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Väänänen
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000143:Acids; D000165:Acridine Orange; D000818:Animals; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000378:metabolism*; D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases / Q000378:metabolism*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics*; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D016372:RNA, Antisense / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; D014617:Vacuoles / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000143:Acids; D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D016372:RNA, Antisense; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D000135:Acid Phosphatase; C000605511:Acp5 protein, mouse; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases; D000165:Acridine Orange