New look at myocardial infarction: toward a better aspirin.
The evidence for the formation of NO and of its oxidation products, as well as of prostacyclin and thromboxane by the infarcted heart muscle is reviewed. The importance of inflammatory cells, primarily macrophages of cardiac origin is documented. Because of its side effects on gastric mucosa and kidney by aspirin, several modifications of aspirin are currently being developed. These are based on eliminating their inflammatory effect by selective inhibition of COX-2, or by attaching an NO-delivering side chain to the aspirin molecule (NO-aspirin), or by combining two preparations, an NO donor with aspirin. NO-aspirins and the combination of an NO-donor with aspirin promise to be beneficial in the early stages of myocardial infarction. Unfortunately, the main beneficial effect of aspirin, that of inhibition of thrombus formation, is also the cause for its most dreaded complication, hemorrhagic stroke. None of the new aspirins is able to prevent this complication.
Bing
R J
RJ
Department of Experimental Cardiology, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Yamamoto
T
T
Yamamoto
M
M
Kakar
R
R
Cohen
A
A
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001241:Aspirin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004338:Drug Combinations; D015195:Drug Design; D011464:Epoprostenol / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control; D009206:Myocardium / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D013928:Thromboxane A2 / Q000378:metabolism
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D004338:Drug Combinations; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D013928:Thromboxane A2; D011464:Epoprostenol; D001241:Aspirin