title: Obesity at the age of 50 y in men and women exposed to famine prenatally.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It was shown that men who were conceived during the Dutch famine of 1944-1945 had higher rates of obesity at age 19 y than those conceived before or after it.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to study the effects of prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine on obesity in women and men at age 50 y.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured the body size of 741 people born at term between November 1943 and February 1947 in Amsterdam. We compared people exposed to famine in late, mid, or early gestation (exposed participants) with those born before or conceived after the famine period (nonexposed participants).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)) of 50-y-old women exposed to famine in early gestation was significantly higher by 7. 4% (95% CI: 0.7%, 14.5%) than that of nonexposed women. BMI did not differ significantly in women exposed in mid gestation (-2.1%; -7.0%, 3.1%) or in late gestation (-1.3%; -6.3%, 3.9%). In 50-y-old men, BMI was not significantly affected by exposure to famine during any stage of gestation: BMI differed by 0.4% (-3.5%, 4.5%) in men exposed to famine in late gestation, by -1.2% (-5.5%, 3.3%) in those exposed in mid gestation, and by 0.5% (-4.6%, 6.0%) in those exposed in early gestation compared with nonexposed men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maternal malnutrition during early gestation was associated with higher BMI and waist circumference in 50-y-old women but not in men. These findings suggest that pertubations of central endocrine regulatory systems established in early gestation may contribute to the development of abdominal obesity in later life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Ravelli
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: van Der Meulen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Osmond
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.forename: O P
authors.initials: OP
authors.lastname: Bleker
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development; D005260:Female; D005508:Food Deprivation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects