title: Ophthalmic examination and conjunctival bacteriologic culture results from a herd of North American bison.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish ocular characteristics, determine nature and prevalence of ocular lesions, and identify representative bacterial flora from the conjunctiva of North American bison (Bison bison).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  63 bison; 45 males and 18 females.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ophthalmic examinations were performed on 1 group of 38 bison in December 1997 and on a second group of 25 in March 1998. Eyes were examined with a penlight, magnification loop, and indirect ophthalmoscope. Two culture swabs were used to obtain samples from the inferior conjunctival sac. One swab was submitted for isolation of bacteria and the second was submitted for isolation of Mycoplasma organisms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  15 ocular abnormalities were observed in 13 of the 63 bison. These included minor ocular discharge in 5 animals, 1 eyelid laceration, 1 periocular Demodex spp infection, 6 corneal abnormalities, 1 anterior synechia, and 1 cataract. Seventeen species of bacteria were isolated from the 63 swabs submitted for culture. The most prevalent bacteria were of the genus Bacillus (74.6%). Mycoplasma organisms were not observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Corneal abnormalities were the most frequently identified ocular lesions in bison. Bacterial flora of the conjunctiva and ocular characteristics were similar to those reported for cattle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506, USA.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Vestweber
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Brightman
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Van Slyke
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Chengappa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001407:Bacillus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016164:Bison; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000382:microbiology*; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D009174:Mycoplasma / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy / Q000662:veterinary; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies