title: Autofluorescence imaging and spectroscopy of normal and malignant mucosa in patients with head and neck cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An early detection of oral cancer might improve the patient's prognosis. We present preliminary results of autofluorescence photodetection of cancerous oral mucosa.
  
  
  METHODS
  49 patients were investigated altogether. In 30 patients, malignant and healthy oral mucosa were excited with violet light (lambda = 375 to 440 nm). Images were recorded by a sensitive CCD camera. Spectrophotometric analysis in the green spectral range was performed on tumorous and innocuous mucosa in 36 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 13 patients (43.3%), tumors were subjectively better distinguishable from their surroundings through a reduction of green autofluorescence than by ordinary inspection. Tumor detection abilities varied for different locations and tumor morphologies. Spectral analysis showed contrasts in autofluorescence intensities between tumor and normal tissues in 34 patients (94.4%). Autofluorescence spectra of normal mucosa varied both inter- and intraindividually.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using violet excitation light, camera-based autofluorescence photodetection in the green spectral range presented a highly promising tool for the diagnosis of oral malignomas in almost half of the cases examined. The possible ways on how the obtained results could serve to find a more advanced method for a precise tumor detection in the oral cavity are being discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, Ludwig Maximilian University, 81377 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Betz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mehlmann
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rick
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stepp
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grevers
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baumgartner
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leunig
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000473:pathology*; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011379:Prognosis; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*