title: Changes in plasma free fatty acid concentrations in rheumatoid arthritis patients during fasting and their effects upon T-lymphocyte proliferation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure whether changes in the concentrations of circulating free fatty acids (FFAs) after a 7 day fast in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients would inhibit in vitro T-lymphocyte proliferation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The concentration and composition of plasma FFAs were measured in nine RA patients at the conclusion of a 7 day fast. A FFA mixture was made up based on these findings (20% linoleic, 43% oleic, 10% stearic, 27% palmitic acid). Mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferative responses were measured after co-culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy individuals in the presence of increasing concentrations of this FFA mixture (from 0 to 2000 microM) and in the presence of FFA mixtures where the relative proportions of fatty acids varied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both the concentration of the FFA mixture and the ratio between the unsaturated and saturated fatty acids significantly influenced in vitro lymphocyte proliferation (P<0.0001). Unexpectedly, the highest concentrations of the FFA mixture increased lymphocyte proliferation. At equimolar concentrations (600 microM), manipulating the amounts of oleic and linoleic fatty acids relative to stearic and palmitic fatty acids had a potent inhibitory effect upon lymphocyte proliferation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fasting-associated increases in total plasma FFA concentrations do not inhibit, but rather enhance, in vitro lymphocyte proliferation. An inhibitory effect could only be achieved by manipulating the balance between the unsaturated and saturated fatty acids.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Rheumatic Diseases, Akersbakken 27, Rikshospitalet, 0172 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thoen
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Rustan
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Førre
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kjeldsen-Kragh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005215:Fasting; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated