title: Relationships among visual acuity demands, convergence, and nystagmus in patients with manifest/latent nystagmus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We investigated the role convergence plays in nystagmus dampening, in particular, relationships among visual acuity demands, convergence, and nystagmus. Previously we showed that subjects with idiopathic infantile nystagmus exhibit a range of responses to acuity targets, one of which is nystagmus blockage syndrome. We report herein eye movement responses to acuity targets of patients with manifest/latent nystagmus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen patients, 11 with latent or manifest latent nystagmus and 3 with combined manifest latent with infantile nystagmus, were asked to indicate the direction of the gap in Landolt C optotypes while their eye movements were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The tested patients exhibited various responses to acuity demands: (1) dampening of nystagmus with convergence (i.e., nystagmus blockage syndrome) (5/14 patients), (2) changes in vergence without nystagmus dampening (2 patients), (3) decrease of nystagmus without convergence (2 patients), and (4) little change in nystagmus or vergence (5 patients). In nystagmus blockage syndrome the amount of convergence increased with acuity demands in two of five patients and the convergence duration in four of five patients; nystagmus dampening increased with acuity demands in one of five patients and the blockage duration in four of five patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many, but not all, patients with manifest/latent nystagmus, similar to those with infantile nystagmus, used convergence to dampen their nystagmus. The convergence response tended to increase with acuity demands, but the amount of dampening was idiosyncratic and not predictably related to the measured convergence across patients.
authors.affiliation: Foerderer Eye Movement Center for Children, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gradstein
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Wizov
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Reinecke
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D003290:Convergence, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D004584:Electronystagmography; D004585:Electrooculography; D005133:Eye Movements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009759:Nystagmus, Pathologic / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009760:Nystagmus, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology*; D013577:Syndrome; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology*