title: Toward an integrated understanding of dyslexia: genetic, neurological, and cognitive mechanisms.
abstract: This paper reviews what is known about developmental dyslexia at three levels of analysis: cognitive, neurological, and genetic. It also considers the difficult problem of establishing causal links between these levels of analysis, and argues that solving the gene-behavior problem is paradoxically easier than solving the brain-behavior problem.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Denver, CO 80210, USA.
authors.forename: B F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Pennington
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D004410:Dyslexia / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005190:Family; D006801:Humans; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008959:Models, Neurological; D008960:Models, Psychological