title: Assessment of GABA(A)benzodiazepine receptor (GBzR) sensitivity in patients on benzodiazepines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure GABA(A) benzodiazepine receptor sensitivity in patients taking benzodiazepines and compare with matched controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven patients who were on prescribed benzodiazepines for an anxiety disorder or insomnia were recruited from general practice and an adult mental health service outpatient clinic. They were matched with seven volunteers. All subjects received an intravenous injection of midazolam 50 microgram/kg in 10 ml normal saline over 10 min. Objective responses to midazolam were assessed using saccadic eye movement velocity slowing and subjective assessments using visual analogue scales. Measurements were recorded for 120 min and plasma midazolam concentrations obtained at 15-min intervals post-infusion to 120 min. Ratios of pharmacodynamic/pharmacokinetic effects were obtained for each individual to estimate GABA(A) benzodiazepine receptor sensitivity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients had an attenuated response to midazolam on both subjective and objective measures. GABA(A) benzodiazepine receptor sensitivity was significantly reduced in the patient group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic treatment with benzodiazepines was associated with reduced effects of midazolam. Saccadic eye movement velocity was especially sensitive as a measure of attenuated response.
authors.affiliation: Psychopharmacology Unit, University of Bristol, School of Medical Sciences, University Walk, Bristol BS8 2BA, UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Potokar
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Coupland
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rich
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nutt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000494:pharmacology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000187:drug effects*; D012438:Saccades / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A; D008874:Midazolam