title: Sharing cross-reactive groups of MHC class I improves long-term graft survival.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Renal transplant loss from chronic rejection remains substantial. To increase our understanding of this syndrome, we identified risk factors predicting late graft loss, with a special emphasis on the impact of human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) matching.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied all 654 cadaveric kidney transplants performed in our center between 1983 and 1996 that had survived for more than six months. Eighty-two transplants, lost because of chronic rejection, were used as the outcome variable. The influence of HLA mismatches and shares on long-term graft survival was evaluated at the level of private antigens and cross-reactive groups (CREG) of multiple histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I. HLA and other recipient, donors and transplant parameters were studied using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cohort had a mean number of 1.9 HLA mismatches. Because of the homozygosity of HLA antigens, HLA mismatches were not reciprocal to shares. CREG and HLA-A-B mismatches had a relative risk for graft loss of 1.19 (95% CI, 0.97 to 1.45) and 1.05 (0.84 to 1.32) per mismatch. In contrast, the relative risk per shared CREG and broad HLA-A-B antigen was 0.76 (0.63 to 0.92) and 0.79 (0.61 to 1.03). Multivariate analysis revealed that individuals sharing less than four CREGs had a relative risk of 2.13 (1.29 to 3.75) for late graft loss. Other independent predictors were a recipient age of less than 50 years, relative risk 1.95 (1.02 to 3.71); a donor age of more than 50 years, relative risk 1.68 (1.01 to 2.80); acute rejection (vascular vs. no rejection), relative risk 3.52 (1.72 to 7.18); proteinuria (dipstick > 1+ vs. negative), relative risk 2.86 (1.29 to 6.35); and a serum creatinine concentration of more than 150 micromol/liter at six months, relative risk 3.41 (1.96 to 5.94).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We identified several coexisting recipient-, donor-, and transplant-related risk factors for graft loss from chronic rejection. In this well-matched group of renal transplants, HLA mismatches and shares had a nonreciprocal relationship. Sharing of HLA antigens, especially CREG of MHC class I, was associated with improved long-term survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Y W
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Sijpkens
authors.forename: I I
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Doxiadis
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: De Fijter
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Mallat
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: van Es
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Lange
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Zwinderman
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Westendorp
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: van Kemenade
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bruijn
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Claas
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Paul
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003429:Cross Reactions; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection; D006085:Graft Survival; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000276:immunology*; D006650:Histocompatibility Testing; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I