title: Reliability of water volumetry and the figure of eight method on subjects with ankle joint swelling.
abstract: METHODS
  Single-group repeated measures with 2 raters.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the interrater and intrarater reliability of water volumetry and the figure of eight method on subjects with ankle joint swelling.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Measurements of ankle swelling are commonly performed to determine the nature and stage of injury and to monitor progress made during rehabilitation. Water volumetry and the figure of eight method are 2 techniques used to measure ankle swelling.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-nine subjects with ankle swelling were measured by 2 raters with the hypothesis that both measurement techniques would be reliable. Each rater performed 3 measurements of the swollen ankle using both measurement techniques during a single test session. The order of the rater and of the measurement technique was randomized, and the raters were blinded to each other's measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found high interrater reliability for both the water volumetry (ICC [intraclass correlation coefficient] = 0.99) and figure of eight methods (ICC = 0.98). Additionally, intrarater reliability was high for both raters using both methods (ICCs = 0.98-0.99).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both methods are reliable measures of ankle swelling. The authors recommend the figure of eight method because of its ease of use, time efficiency, and cost effectiveness. However, water volumetry may be more appropriate when measuring diffuse lower-extremity swelling. Reliability of these 2 methods was established using subjects with foot or ankle pathology. Therefore, the results are applicable and generalizable to the clinical setting.
authors.affiliation: Winn Army Community Hospital, Ft Stewart, Ga., USA.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Irish
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Lyons
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Miklaski
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bryan
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: L N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Masullo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000843:Ankle Joint; D004487:Edema / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results