title: Internalized epidermal growth factor receptors participate in the activation of p21(ras) in fibroblasts.
abstract: Regulated activation of the highly conserved Ras GTPase is a central event in the stimulation of cell proliferation, motility, and differentiation elicited by receptor tyrosine kinases, such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). In fibroblasts, this involves formation and membrane localization of Shc.Grb2.Sos complexes, which increases the rate of Ras guanine nucleotide exchange. In order to control Ras-mediated cell responses, this activity is regulated by receptor down-regulation and a feedback loop involving the dual specificity kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK). We investigated the role of EGFR endocytosis in the regulation of Ras activation. Of fundamental interest is whether activated receptors in endosomes can participate in the stimulation of Ras guanine nucleotide exchange, because the constitutive membrane localization of Ras may affect its compartmentalization. By exploiting the differences in postendocytic signaling of two EGFR ligands, epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-alpha, we found that activated EGFR located at the cell surface and in internal compartments contribute equally to the membrane recruitment and tyrosine phosphorylation of Shc in NR6 fibroblasts expressing wild-type EGFR. Importantly, both the rate of Ras-specific guanine nucleotide exchange and the level of Ras-GTP were depressed to near basal values on the time scale of receptor trafficking. Using the selective MEK inhibitor PD098059, we were able to block the feedback desensitization pathway and maintain activation of Ras. Under these conditions, the generation of Ras-GTP was not significantly affected by the subcellular location of activated EGFR. In conjunction with our previous analysis of the phospholipase C pathway in the same cell line, this suggests a selective continuation of specific signaling activities and cessation of others upon receptor endocytosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Haugh
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Wiley
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Lauffenburger
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D033942:Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport; D000818:Animals; D002451:Cell Compartmentation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004705:Endocytosis; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D006153:Guanosine Diphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D048728:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 1; D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D008954:Models, Biological; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011485:Protein Binding; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D055765:Shc Signaling Adaptor Proteins; D000071425:Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing, Transforming Protein 1; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism; D020663:ras Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D033942:Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport; D005419:Flavonoids; D011506:Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C528024:SHC1 protein, human; D055765:Shc Signaling Adaptor Proteins; D000071425:Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing, Transforming Protein 1; D020663:ras Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors; D006153:Guanosine Diphosphate; D014443:Tyrosine; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D048728:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 1; D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases; C482576:MAP3K1 protein, human; C501009:HRAS protein, human; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one