Characteristics of effective village treatment assistants: the Kongwa Trachoma Project.
OBJECTIVE
Mass treatment of entire communities with tetracycline eye ointment is one method for treatment of hyperendemic trachoma. Village Treatment Assistants (VTAs) are often recruited to implement mass treatment in their neighborhoods. We determined characteristics of these volunteers that were associated with effective treatment outcomes.


METHODS
Three villages received mass treatment with tetracycline ointment daily for four weeks as part of a clinical trial. Community members selected VTAs to administer the ointment. Trachoma status was assessed by grading photographs of the tarsal conjunctiva in a sample of children randomly selected from households in each village. Change in trachoma status was determined from baseline to one month post treatment. VTA performance outcome was "good" if there was improvement in the majority of the children treated by the VTA, "poor" if the majority worsened, and "neutral" if there was neither improvement nor worsening on average. Trained interviewers administered a questionnaire measuring socioeconomic and demographic variables to 82% of all VTAs.


RESULTS
A total of 280 VTAs (229 with questionnaire) were evaluated: 36.8% had good outcomes and 12.5% had poor outcomes. Those VTAs with poor outcomes tended to be unmarried females (OR = 11.73) and those who used a bicycle to carry out treatment activities (OR = 4.16). Formal education or prior experience as a health worker were not predictors of performance.


CONCLUSIONS
Community selection and effective, non-formal, training are key components for the use of VTAs in mass treatment campaigns. Prior education or health training does not play a major role in effectiveness. The possible effects of gender roles in the community need to be considered in program design.
O'Connor
J
J
Johns Hopkins University, Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Lynch
M
M
Vitale
S
S
West
S
S
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003150:Community Health Workers / Q000193:education / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009824:Ointments; D015995:Prevalence; D012424:Rural Population; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013636:Tanzania / Q000453:epidemiology; D013752:Tetracycline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014141:Trachoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D009824:Ointments; D013752:Tetracycline