title: Endothelin-A receptor antagonism improves small bowel graft perfusion and structure after ischemia and reperfusion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We hypothesized that endothelin-A (ET-A) receptor activation plays a central role in intestinal ischemia-reperfusion-induced hemodynamic changes and may trigger the process of mucosal barrier destruction. Our aims were to investigate and compare the effects of systemic and intragraft ET-A receptor antagonist therapy during the early revascularization phase of small bowel transplants.
  
  
  METHODS
  In Groups 1, 2, and 3 orthotopic small bowel autotransplants were performed in anesthetized dogs. Group 4 served as sham-operated control. Group 2 was treated i.v. with the ET-A receptor antagonist ETR-p1/fl peptide at the onset of reperfusion. In Group 3, intragraft infusion of the ETR-p1/fl peptide was applied during cold ischemia. The mucosal myeloperoxidase activity and the free radical-producing capacity of the granulocytes passing the intestinal graft were determined, and the systemic hemodynamic features were recorded. The extent of the mucosal injury was determined from tissue biopsies taken after 4 hr of reperfusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reperfusion progressively decreased the mesenteric blood flow, increased the mesenteric vascular resistance, and enhanced the accumulation and free radical production capacity of the leukocytes. These changes were significantly inhibited in Group 2 with systemic (i.v.) administration of the ET-A receptor antagonist. The local, intragraft treatment improved the mesenteric hemodynamic changes and decreased the accumulation but not the activation of the circulating leukocytes. The structural injury of the graft was prevented in both treated groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endothelins are involved in the hemodynamic events leading to structural injury of the intestinal graft after ischemia-reperfusion. The antagonism of intestinal ET-A receptors by a combination of local and systemic drug delivery offers a rational treatment modality in these conditions.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental Surgery and Department of Surgery, Szent-Györgyi Albert Medical University, Pécsi u, Hungary.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wolfárd
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vangel
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Szalay
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaszaki
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Haulik
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Balogh
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagy
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boros
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004285:Dogs; D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000502:physiology; D005609:Free Radicals; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000098:blood supply / Q000637:transplantation*; D007511:Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010477:Perfusion; D044022:Receptor, Endothelin A; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin / Q000502:physiology; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D019332:Endothelin-1; D005609:Free Radicals; D044022:Receptor, Endothelin A; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin