Mapping the binding domains on decay accelerating factor (DAF) for haemagglutinating enteroviruses: implications for the evolution of a DAF-binding phenotype.
Decay accelerating factor (DAF) functions as a cell attachment receptor for a wide range of human enteroviruses, the interaction accounting for the haemagglutination phenotype exhibited by many members of this family. Haemagglutination inhibition assays using purified truncated soluble DAF (sDAF) receptors and short consensus repeat (SCR) domain-specific antibodies have been used to determine the domain(s) of DAF to which the viruses bind. Further sDAF-mediated virus neutralization and biosensor analysis have been used to confirm the virus-binding domains of DAF. Of the four distinct clusters of human enteroviruses, three contain representatives that bind DAF. The majority of DAF-binding enteroviruses occupy the 'CBV-like' cluster, and require SCR domains 2-4 for DAF binding. In contrast, the DAF-binding representatives of the 'ENV70-like' and 'PV-like' clusters require SCR1 for DAF interaction. These studies confirm that DAF binding is a widespread characteristic amongst phylogenetically divergent clusters within the enteroviruses and suggest that the ability to bind DAF may have evolved more than once within this group of viruses.
Powell
Robert M
RM
School of Animal and Microbial Sciences, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 228, Reading RG6 5AJ, UK2.
Ward
Trevor
T
School of Animal and Microbial Sciences, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 228, Reading RG6 5AJ, UK2.|Division of Virology, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Church Street, Glasgow G11 5JR, UK1.
Goodfellow
Ian
I
Division of Virology, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Church Street, Glasgow G11 5JR, UK1.
Almond
Jeffrey W
JW
School of Animal and Microbial Sciences, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 228, Reading RG6 5AJ, UK2.
Evans
David J
DJ
Division of Virology, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Church Street, Glasgow G11 5JR, UK1.
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D018958:CD55 Antigens / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004770:Enterovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D006384:Hemagglutination; D006385:Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; D006801:Humans; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D010641:Phenotype; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D020449:Repetitive Sequences, Amino Acid
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D018958:CD55 Antigens; D011991:Receptors, Virus