Comparative analysis of p73 and p53 regulation and effector functions.
p53 is mutated in approximately 50% of human cancers, whereas mutations of the related p73 gene are rare. p73 can activate p53-responsive promoters and induce apoptosis when overexpressed in certain p53-deficient tumor cells. We show that p73 isoforms, p73alpha and p73beta, can each induce permanent growth arrest with markers of replicative senescence when overexpressed in a tetracycline-regulatable manner in human cancer cells lacking functional p53. Human homologue of mouse double minute 2 gene product (hMDM2), but not an NH(2)-terminal deletion mutant, coimmunoprecipitated with p73alpha or p73beta, and inhibited p73 transcriptional activity as with p53. In contrast to p53, ectopically expressed hemagglutinin (HA)-tagged p73 proteins were not stabilized by treatment with several DNA damaging agents. Furthermore, unlike normal p53, which increases in response to DNA damage due to enhanced protein stability in MCF7 cells, endogenous p73 protein levels were not increased in these cells under the same conditions. Thus, although p73 has an ability, comparable to that of p53, to suppress tumor cell growth in p53-deficient cells, p73 induction is regulated differently from p53. These findings suggest that the selective pressures for p53 rather than p73 inactivation in tumors may reflect their differential responses to stresses such as DNA damage, rather than their capacities to induce permanent growth arrest or apoptosis programs.
Fang
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Derald H. Ruttenberg Cancer Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA.
Lee
S W
SW
Aaronson
S A
SA
D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D004249:DNA Damage; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms; D051379:Mice; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013752:Tetracycline / Q000494:pharmacology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D000072160:Tumor Protein p73; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C000606460:TP73 protein, human; C000606368:Trp73 protein, mouse; D000072160:Tumor Protein p73; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; C497206:MDM2 protein, human; C497207:Mdm2 protein, mouse; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2; D013752:Tetracycline