Crystal structure of the cytosolic C2A-C2B domains of synaptotagmin III. Implications for Ca(+2)-independent snare complex interaction.
Synaptotagmins are synaptic vesicle-associated, phospholipid-binding proteins most commonly associated with Ca(+2)-dependent exocytotic and Ca(+2)- independent endocytotic events. Synaptotagmin III is a 63.2-kD member of the synaptotagmin homology group; one of its characteristic properties is the ability to bind divalent cations and accessory proteins promiscuously. In the cytosolic portion of this protein, a flexible seven-amino acid linker joins two homologous C2 domains. The C2A domain binds to phospholipid membranes and other accessory proteins in a divalent cation-dependent fashion. The C2B domain promotes binding to other C2B domains, as well as accessory proteins independent of divalent cations. The 3.2 A crystal structure of synaptotagmin III, residues 295-566, which includes the C2A and C2B domains, exhibits differences in the shape of the Ca(+2)-binding pocket, the electrostatic surface potential, and the stoichiometry of bound divalent cations for the two domains. These observations may explain the disparate binding properties of the two domains. The C2A and the C2B domains do not interact; synaptotagmin, therefore, covalently links two independent C2 domains, each with potentially different binding partners. A model of synaptotagmin's involvement in Ca(+2)-dependent regulation of membrane fusion through its interaction with the SNARE complex is presented.
Sutton
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RB
The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
Ernst
J A
JA
Brunger
A T
AT
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D003460:Crystallization; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D008274:Magnesium / Q000378:metabolism; D008561:Membrane Fusion; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D051381:Rats; D050600:SNARE Proteins; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D055672:Static Electricity; D050857:Synaptotagmins; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins
D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D050600:SNARE Proteins; C494289:Syt3 protein, mouse; C494291:Syt3 protein, rat; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins; D050857:Synaptotagmins; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium