title: Factors associated with hydrocephalus after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Associations among various factors and the occurrence of hydrocephalus after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) were evaluated retrospectively in 897 patients enrolled in the North American study of tirilazad mesylate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were assessed for hydrocephalus in a blinded fashion. Assessment of hydrocephalus was made on the basis of 3-month follow-up computed tomographic studies or, for those without a 3-month follow-up scan, on the basis of the latest computed tomographic studies obtained at least 10 days after SAH. Criteria indicating the occurrence of hydrocephalus were the presence of significantly enlarged temporal horns or prior placement of a ventricular shunt. Univariate analysis was performed to assess relationships among various factors and hydrocephalus. Factors statistically associated with the occurrence of hydrocephalus were analyzed further using logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 25.9% of the 897 patients developed hydrocephalus. Statistically significant associations among the following factors and hydrocephalus were observed (P value; risk coefficient): 1) severity of 3-month post-SAH Glasgow Outcome Scale (0.0001; 2.00); 2) increased ventricular size at admission (0.0001; 2.78); 3) neurological grade severity at admission (0.0274; 1.26); 4) preexisting hypertension (0.0284; 1.66); 5) alcoholism (0.0066; 2.30); 6) female sex (0.0056; 0.49); 7) increased aneurysm size (0.0239; 0.56); 8) pneumonia (0.0299; 1.78); 9) meningitis (0.0290; 5.86); and 10) intraventricular hemorrhage at admission (0.0414; 1.64).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hydrocephalus seems to have a multifactorial etiology. Knowledge of risk factors related to the occurrence of hydrocephalus may help guide neurosurgeons in the long-term care of patients who have experienced aneurysmal SAH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Sheehan
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Polin
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sheehan
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Baskaya
authors.forename: N F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Kassell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014695:Cerebral Ventriculography; D002557:Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D011281:Pregnatrienes / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D011281:Pregnatrienes; C053355:tirilazad