title: Overexpression of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) downregulates Bcl-2 and promotes apoptosis in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells.
abstract: Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF, FGF-2), a classical transforming factor, mitogen, and survival factor in multiple cell types, and has a paradoxic role in mammary epithelial cell transformation and proliferation. We have also demonstrated that recombinant FGF-2 uncharacteristically promotes cell death in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of FGF-2 overexpression on survival in the same MCF-7 cells. In eight breast cancer cell lines and two nontransformed mammary epithelial cell lines, we demonstrated that high levels of Bcl-2 are only expressed in cells with undetectable levels of FGF-2 on western blot. In retrovirally transduced MCF-7 cells expressing both cytoplasm- and nucleus-localizing FGF-2 species and ones expressing only cytoplasm-localizing FGF-2 species, Bcl-2 levels were strongly decreased at both the mRNA and protein levels. Immunoprecipitation of Bax demonstrated a decreased association of Bax with Bcl-2 in these cells. Levels of Bax did not correlate with expression of FGF-2 in the 10 cell lines or in MCF-7 cells. The clonogenic potential of MCF-7 cells in tissue culture was decreased by the expression of FGF-2 and was additively suppressed by the chemotherapeutic agents etoposide and 5-fluorouracil in a dose and time dependent manner. MCF-7 cells overexpressing FGF-2 had a greater rate of programmed cell death at baseline and in response to etoposide and 5-fluorouracil in a TUNEL assay by immunofluorescent microphotography and by flow cytometric quantitation. The pro-apoptotic effect of FGF-2 overexpression on the chemosensitivity of these cells was confirmed by quantitative morphologic determination. These data demonstrate that the expression of FGF-2 downregulates Bcl-2 and promotes programmed cell death in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark 07103, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maloof
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: T N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Denny
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yahalom
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fenig
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wieder
mesh_terms: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D005047:Etoposide / Q000494:pharmacology; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000502:physiology*; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; C494826:BAX protein, human; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D005047:Etoposide; D005472:Fluorouracil