title: Chemo-signal therapy, an emerging new approach to modify drug resistance in breast cancer.
abstract: Recent advances in understanding how response or resistance to cytotoxic drugs develops at the cellular level resulted in the development of novel, non-cytotoxic agents that modulate response the chemotherapy. 'Chemo-signal therapy', the combination of chemotherapy with cellular response modifiers, is a very promising new treatment modality that has entered the arena of clinical trials. Clinical experience with the anti-HER-2 antibody, trastuzumab, in breast cancer has demonstrated that manipulation of growth factor signalling can enhance sensitivity to cytotoxic drugs in a clinically meaningful way. Several other agents that were designed to modulate response to chemotherapy are currently in early phases of clinical drug development. It is likely that some of these new molecules will have a major impact on how chemotherapy will be given in the next decade. This paper will review current clinical research with a select group of chemotherapy response modifiers. We will focus on agents that modulate signal transduction, oncogene expression and apoptosis with an emphasis on breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pusztai
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Esteva
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cristofanilli
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Hortobagyi
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007167:Immunotherapy; D009857:Oncogenes / Q000235:genetics; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D007155:Immunologic Factors; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases