title: Polymorphisms in tumour necrosis factor and adhesion molecule genes in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: associations with HLA-DR and -DQ alleles and subclinical markers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  When investigating susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a multifactorial disorder with a genetic predisposition, polymorphisms of molecules with immunoregulatory function are of potential interest. This is the first time that the polymorphisms of HLA-DR and -DQ, tumour necrosis factor (TNF), E-selectin (CD62E), L-selectin (CD62L), and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1, CD54) were determined in Estonians, a population with a low IBD incidence rate, and their occurrence investigated in subgroups of a total of 53 IBD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The reverse hybridization principle and sequence specific primers were used for HLA genotyping. To analyse the TNF and adhesion molecule polymorphisms, the polymerase chain reaction with subsequent restriction fragment length polymorphism or single-strand conformation polymorphism method was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the subgroup of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-positive ulcerative colitis (UC) patients we found a higher frequency of the TNF2 (20.8% versus 0.0% in ANCA-negative UC patients, P = 0.051) and HLA-DRB1*15 allele (35.4% versus 15.7% in controls; P = 0.004). Of ANCA-positive UC patients 87.5% were carriers of one of these alleles (22.2% among ANCA-negative UC patients (P<0.001, Pc = 0.039) and 51.4% among controls (P = 0.002). Specific typing of HLA-DRB1*15 alleles showed that the HLA-DRB1*1501 allele was responsible for the HLA-DRB1*15 association with ANCA-positive UC. Associations of ICAM-1, E-selectin, or L-selectin polymorphisms with IBD were not found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TNF2 and HLA-DRB1*15 alleles were associated with ANCA-positive UC in the investigated population. ANCA might be a useful marker, at least in some ethnic groups, for dividing IBD patients into genetically more homogeneous subgroups.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University of Lübeck School of Medicine, Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirv
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seyfarth
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Uibo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kull
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Salupere
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Latza
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rink
mesh_terms: D019268:Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D004957:Estonia; D005260:Female; D005802:Genes, MHC Class II; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D006650:Histocompatibility Testing; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D019041:L-Selectin / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D019268:Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic; D019040:E-Selectin; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D019041:L-Selectin