title: [Determination of monitor radiation scattering contribution in photon radiation of clinical electron linear accelerators].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Modern linear accelerators permit the use of irregular fields due to their flexible collimator systems with separately movable jaws or multileaf collimators. When using such irregular fields in the clinical practice output factors have to be corrected for enhanced backscatter to the dose monitor as compared with the conventional block shieldings.
  
  
  METHODS
  A method is presented to detect the monitor backscatter contributions to the output factor for irregular field settings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The monitor backscatter factors have been measured using a telescopic device for 2 different treatment head geometries (Varian Clinac 2100C/D, General Electric Saturne 15) and for 3 photon radiation qualities (nominal energies X6, X18, X12). A method is introduced to calculate the monitor backscatter for arbitrary irregular treatment fields from the experimental data for square or rectangular fields.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Besides the corrections for changes in phantom scatter and changes in the aperture, corrections for monitor backscatter have to be taken into account in many clinical cases. They can contribute up to more than 10% compared with the monitor values for free regular fields.
authors.affiliation: Klinikum Ingolstadt.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zrenner
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Krieger
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D010315:Particle Accelerators; D017785:Photons; D011874:Radiometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012542:Scattering, Radiation