title: The effect of atropine in vasovagal syncope induced by head-up tilt testing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This single-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled study was designed and undertaken to assess the efficacy of intravenous atropine administration on haemodynamic impairment induced by head-up tilt testing in patients with vasovagal syncope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and thirteen consecutive patients (62 male and 51 female, mean age 46.3 years) with recurrent syncope, no evidence of cardiac, neurological or metabolic disease and a positive head-up tilt test were included in the study. Within 2 weeks of the first head-up tilt test all patients underwent a second tilt test. During this second test, all patients were randomized to receive a bolus of either atropine (0.02 mg. kg(-1)) or placebo (isotonic saline solution). The administration of atropine or placebo was performed at the onset of the haemodynamic modifications (heart rate and/or blood pressure fall) in conjunction with typical vasovagal prodromal symptoms. Treatment was taken as effective when symptoms aborted and the test was completed. In 29 of 113 patients the second tilt test was negative and these patients were excluded from final data analysis. Forty-one patients received placebo, which was effective in nine cases (21.9%). Atropine was administered to 43 patients and was effective in 30 cases (69.7%, P<0.01 vs placebo). The effects of treatment were analysed further to consider the haemodynamic patterns of tilt-induced vasovagal reflex. In the cardio-inhibitory form, placebo was never effective (15 cases), while atropine was effective in 15 of 18 cases (83.3%, P<0.001 vs placebo). In the vasodepressor form, placebo was effective in nine of 26 patients (34.6%), while atropine was effective in 15 of 25 cases (60.0%, no significant difference vs placebo).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Atropine is fully effective in the cardio-inhibitory form of tilt-induced vasovagal reflex, but is limited in the vasodepressor form.
authors.affiliation: Heart Disease Department, S. Filippo Neri Hospital, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Santini
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ammirati
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Colivicchi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gentilucci
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Guido
mesh_terms: D001285:Atropine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010276:Parasympatholytics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D012018:Reflex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D019462:Syncope, Vasovagal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018667:Tilt-Table Test / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D010276:Parasympatholytics; D001285:Atropine