title: Managers' leadership and critical care nurses' intent to stay.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cyclical fluctuations in turnover of critical care nurses are a large and complex problem. Managers' leadership characteristics may be a determinant of critical care nurses' intent to stay in the job.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the direct and indirect effects of nurse-managers' characteristics of power, influence, and leadership style on critical care nurses' intent to stay in the nurses' employment positions.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample was 255 staff nurses in intensive care units at 4 urban hospitals. Established instruments with sound reliability and validity were used to assess the predictor, intervening, and outcome variables. Path analysis was used to examine the relationships in a conceptual model of intent to stay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The model explained 52% of the variance in intent to stay, and managers' characteristics were significant at each stage. Managers' position power and influence over work coordination had a direct link to intent to stay; structuring expectations and consideration contributed indirectly through the variables of instrumental communication, autonomy, and group cohesion. Instrumental communication, autonomy, and group cohesion decreased job stress and thus increased job satisfaction. Job satisfaction was directly linked with intent to stay.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inclusion of nurse-managers' characteristics explained more variance in intent to stay than did previous models. Managers with leadership styles that seek and value contributions from staff, promote a climate in which information is shared effectively, promote decision making at the staff nurse level, exert position power, and influence coordination of work to provide a milieu that maintains a stable cadre of nurses.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, USA.
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Boyle
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bott
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: C Q
authors.initials: CQ
authors.lastname: Woods
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Taunton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003422:Critical Care; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D007857:Leadership; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016294:Models, Nursing; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000523:psychology*; D010563:Personnel Turnover; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires