title: Time-dependent effects of the neuropeptide PACAP on catecholamine secretion : stimulation and desensitization.
abstract: Pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a potent endogenous secretagogue for chromaffin cells. We previously reported that PACAP coupled to the PAC1 receptor to evoke dihydropyridine-sensitive early (15 to 20 minutes) catecholamine secretion and cAMP response element binding protein-mediated trans-activation of the secretory protein chromogranin A promoter in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells. In this report, we studied whether the secretory and transcriptional responses elicited by PACAP were subject to desensitization. We found that PACAP evoked distinct immediate (initial, 0 to 20 minutes) and long-lasting (20 to 180 minutes) effects on catecholamine secretion. Initial secretory and chromogranin A trans-activation responses induced by PACAP were desensitized in a dose-dependent fashion after preexposure of cells to PACAP, and the IC(50) doses of PACAP for desensitization were approximately 18- to approximately 32-fold lower than the EC(50) activating doses for secretion or transcription. Desensitization of the initial secretion response was associated with decreased Ca(2+) influx through L-type voltage-operated Ca(2+) channels. Acute exposure to PACAP also triggered long-lasting (up to 3 hours), extracellular Ca(2+)-dependent, pertussis toxin-insensitive catecholamine secretion; indeed, even after short-term (20 minutes) exposure to PACAP and removal of the secretagogue, PC12 cells continued to secrete norepinephrine up to 76.9+/-0.22% of cellular norepinephrine content after 3 hours. A phospholipase C-beta inhibitor (U-73122) blocked this extended secretory response, which was dependent on low-magnitude Ca(2+) influx resistant to several L-, N-, P/Q-, or T-type Ca(2+) channel antagonists, but sensitive to Zn(2+), Ni(2+), Cd(2+), or to the store-operated Ca(2+) channel blocker SKF96365. A less than additive effect of the sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin plus PACAP on this sustained secretion also supported a contribution of store-operated Ca(2+) entry to the sustained secretory response. We propose that PACAP-evoked secretion and transcription are subject to homologous desensitization in PC12 cells; however, PACAP also induces long-lasting secretion, even under dose and time circumstances in which acute, dihydropyridine-sensitive secretion has been desensitized. Although initial secretion is mediated by an L-type voltage-operated Ca(2+) channel, extended secretion may involve a store-operated Ca(2+) channel that is activated through a G(q/11)/phospholipase C-beta/phosphoinositide signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Center for Molecular Genetics, University of California, San Diego 92161-9111, USA. ltaupenot@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Taupenot
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahata
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Mahata
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: O'Connor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000378:metabolism*; D053379:Chromogranin A; D002864:Chromogranins / Q000235:genetics; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009538:Nicotine / Q000494:pharmacology; D016716:PC12 Cells; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D051381:Rats; D013997:Time Factors; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: C495403:Adcyap1 protein, rat; D002395:Catecholamines; D053379:Chromogranin A; D002864:Chromogranins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D009538:Nicotine; D002118:Calcium