title: Transmyocardial laser revascularization in the patient with unmanageable unstable angina.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMR) provides relief for patients with chronic angina, nonamenable to direct coronary revascularization. Unmanageable, unstable angina (UUA) defines a subset of patients with refractory angina who are at high risk for myocardial infarction and death. Patients were classified in the UUA group when they had been admitted to the critical care unit with unstable angina for 7 days with three failed attempts at weaning them off intravenous antianginal medications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-six treated patients were analyzed to determine if TMR is a viable option for patients with unmanageable unstable angina. These patients were compared with 91 routine protocol patients (protocol group [PG]) undergoing TMR for chronic angina not amenable to standard revascularization. The procedure was performed through a left thoracotomy without cardiopulmonary bypass. These patients were followed for 12 months after the TMR procedure. Both unmanageable and chronic angina patients had a high incidence of at least one prior surgical revascularization (87% and 91%, respectively).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Perioperative mortality (< or = 30 days post-TMR) was higher in the UUAG versus PG (16% vs 3%, p = 0.005). Late mortality, up to 1 year of follow-up, was similar (13% vs 11%, UUAG vs PG; p = 0.83). A majority of the adverse events in the UUAG occurred within the first 3 months post-TMR, and patients surviving this interval did well, with reduced angina of at least two classes occurring in 69%, 82%, and 82% of patients at 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively. The percent improvement in angina class from baseline was statistically significant at 3, 6, and 12 months. A comparable improvement in angina was found in the protocol group of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TMR carried a significantly higher risk in unmanageable, unstable angina than in patients with chronic angina. In the later follow-up intervals, however, both groups demonstrated similar and persistent improvement in their angina up to 12 months after the procedure. TMR may be considered in the therapy of patients with unmanageable, unstable angina who otherwise have no recourse to effective therapy in the control of their disabling angina.
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Hattler
authors.forename: B P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Griffith
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Zenati
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Crew
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mirhoseini
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Cohn
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Aranki
authors.forename: O H
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Frazier
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Cooley
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Lansing
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Horvath
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Fontana
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Landolfo
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lowe
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Boyce
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality; D012086:Reoperation; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome