title: Automated comet assay analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recently the "comet assay" or "single-cell gel electrophoresis assay" has been established as a sensitive method for the detection of DNA damage and repair. Most of the software now available to quantify various parameters for DNA damage requires the interaction of a human observer. In this report, we describe an automated analysis system that is based on self-developed software and hardware and needs minimal human interaction.
  
  
  METHODS
  The image analysis is divided into two parts: 1) automatic cell recognition and comet classification and 2) quantification of desired comet parameters. Image preprocessing, segmentation, and feature classification were developed with algorithms based on mathematical morphology. To enhance evaluation speed, we have introduced parallel processing of data under the Windows NT operating system (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA). Use of an analogue real-time autofocus unit (Böcker et al.: Phys Med Biol 1997;42:1981-1992) allows for faster analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our recognition software shows a sensitivity of 95.2% and a specificity of 92.7% when tested on test samples from routine work with DNA damage by low-dose radiation (0-2 Gy). The parallel hardware and software concept enables us to analyze 100 comets on one slide in less than 15 min.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A comparison of measurements made on the same samples by manual and automated analysis systems revealed that there are no significant differences. The slope of the dose-response curves and the repair kinetics are very similar and demonstrate that automatic comet assay analysis is possible.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Medizinische Strahlenbiologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Germany. wilfried.boecker@uni-essen.de
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Böcker
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rolf
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bauch
authors.forename: W U
authors.initials: WU
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Streffer
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001331:Automation / Q000379:methods; D020552:Comet Assay / Q000379:methods*; D004249:DNA Damage; D004586:Electrophoresis; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007700:Kinetics; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity