title: Occupational risk factors for lung cancer among young men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated whether occupational exposure plays a role for lung cancer at a very young age.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a pooled analysis of 2 German case-referent studies including 3498 incident cases among men and 3541 male population referents, a group of men (187 cases and 202 referents) aged > or =45 years was compared with a group of 2186 cases and 2146 referents aged 55-69 years. Occupational exposure to known (A list) or suspected (B list) lung carcinogens was assessed using job and industry codes, and exposure to asbestos was assessed using job-specific supplementary questionnaires. A conditional logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratios (OR) and to control for smoking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Asbestos exposure showed an odds ratio (OR) of 2.39 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.41-4.04] for the younger group and 1.46 (95% CI 1.24-1.72) for the older group. Having ever worked in a job belonging to the A list as compared with never working in an A- or B-list job was associated with a significantly increased risk for the younger (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.03-4.12) and older (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.10-1.65) groups, adjusted for asbestos. Lung cancer risk for those working in A-list jobs at a very young age (under 16 years) was increased in the younger group (OR 6.14, 95% CI 1.41-28.01) in contrast to the older group (OR 1.19, 95% CI 0.91-1.63).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Occupational risk factors play an important role for lung cancer among young men. Early age at first exposure may favor an early age of the onset of lung cancer.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Epidemiology, GSF--National Research Centre for Environment and Health, Neuherberg, Germany. mkreuzer@bfs.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kreuzer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pohlabeln
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ahrens
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kreienbrock
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Brüske-Hohlfeld
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Jöckel
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Wichmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D001194:Asbestos / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D001194:Asbestos