Prophylaxis of experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa endophthalmitis after vitrectomy using ceftazidime in the irrigating solution.
OBJECTIVE
To test the efficacy of ceftazidime in irrigating solution during vitrectomy to prevent experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa endophthalmitis.


METHODS
Thirty-two rabbit eyes were divided into 6 groups. Vitrectomy using one of two different irrigating solutions was followed by intravitreal injection of P. aeruginosa: Group 1, balanced salt solution (BSS) followed by 100 colony-forming units (CFU) P. aeruginosa; Group 2, BSS fortified with ceftazidime 175 microg/mL (CBSS) followed by intravitreal injection of 100 CFU P. aeruginosa; Group 3, BSS followed by 500 CFU P. aeruginosa; Group 4, CBSS followed by 500 CFU P. aeruginosa; Group 5, BSS followed by 5000 CFU P. aeruginosa; and Group 6, CBSS followed by 5000 CFU P. aeruginosa. The eyes were examined clinically. Vitreous samples were cultured and histology was performed.


RESULTS
Group 1: Three of 5 eyes showed mild to moderate vitreous opacities. Group 2: No vitreous opacities developed. Group 3: All eyes demonstrated endophthalmitis. Group 4: All 6 eyes had clear vitreous with visible fundus. Group 5: Severe endophthalmitis occurred in all 6 eyes. Group 6: Four eyes had clearly visible fundus, 2 eyes had hazy vitreous with red reflex of the fundus. Bacterial growth in groups 3, 4, 5, and 6 was seen in 4/4, 1/6, 6/6, and 0/6 eyes, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
When 100-5000 CFU P. aeruginosa were injected after vitrectomy, ceftazidime in the irrigating solution inhibited the signs of intraocular inflammation, and the rate of positive bacterial culture.
Liang
C
C
LSU Eye Center, Louisiana State University Medical Center School of Medicine, New Orleans 70112-2234, USA.
Peyman
G A
GA
Molinari
L C
LC
Hegazy
H M
HM
D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D002442:Ceftazidime / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D015818:Eye Infections, Bacterial / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D011817:Rabbits; D012160:Retina / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014821:Vitrectomy
D002511:Cephalosporins; D002442:Ceftazidime