title: Flow measurements through aortocoronary and intraluminal coronary shunts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Temporary insertion of shunts during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) on the beating heart may provide the minimal flow required for adequate myocardial protection (40 to 60 ml/min). We investigated the flow as a function of the pressure head over three aortocoronary shunts and one intraluminal coronary shunt.
  
  
  METHODS
  The aortocoronary shunts (VS-01590 with bulb size 2, 3 and 4 mm) and the intraluminal shunt (IVS-4030, bulb size 4 mm) were perfused with 47% glycerin solution at 37 degrees C. The preload was raised in 5 mmHg steps from 35 to 80 mmHg. The afterload was set at 12 mmHg. A regression analysis of the flow on the pressure head was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For maximal preload the flow through the aortocoronary shunts was 15.9 +/- 1.3, 46.2 +/- 2.2 and 75.4 +/- 3.3 ml/min, for the intraluminal shunt it was 76.1 +/- 3.4 ml/min. To provide a flow of 40 ml/min a preload of 70, 50 and 45 mmHg was necessary for the 3 mm and 4 mm aortocoronary shunt and the intraluminal shunt respectively. For the aortocoronary and the intraluminal shunts the beta-coefficients were 0.27, 0.66, 1.13 and 1.02 ml/(min*mmHg) respectively with all p < 0.0001.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For adequate pressure head the 3 mm and 4 mm aortocoronary shunt and the intraluminal shunt provide myocardial protection. In case of severe proximal coronary stenosis the intraluminal shunt will not guarantee myocardial protection and main benefit reduces to working in a bloodless field. The insertion of shunts is a cheap and simple method to optimize CABG on the beating heart.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Zurich.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jaggy
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lachat
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Leskosek
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kunz
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zünd
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Turina
mesh_terms: D001166:Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000601:surgery; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization