title: Effects of Ripening, Cultivar Differences, and Processing on the Carotenoid Composition of Mango.
abstract: The carotenoid composition of mangoes produced in Brazil was determined by HPLC to appraise the effects of some influencing factors. Total carotenoid rose from 12.3 to 38.0 µg/g in the cultivar Keitt and from 17.0 to 51.2 µg/g in the cultivar Tommy Atkins from the mature-green to the ripe stage. Ripening alterations occurred principally in the major carotenoids, violaxanthin and beta-carotene. In the Keitt mangoes, all-trans-beta-carotene, all-trans-violaxanthin, and 9-cis-violaxanthin (location of cis double bond tentative) increased from 1.7, 5.4, and 1.7 µg/g in the mature-green fruits to 6.7, 18.0, and 7.2 µg/g, respectively, in the ripe fruits. In the Tommy Atkins cultivar, these carotenoids went from 2.0, 6.9, and 3.3 µg/g to 5.8, 22.4, and 14.5 µg/g, respectively, on ripening. In both cultivars, the small amount of 13-cis-violaxanthin practically disappeared on ripening. Geographic effects appeared to be substantial. In commercially processed mango juice, violaxanthin was not detected, auroxanthin appeared at an appreciable level, and beta-carotene became the principal carotenoid.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências de Alimentos, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, C.P. 6121, 13081-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Mercadante
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Amaya