title: Clinical effects of monoclonal antibody 17-1A combined with granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-2 for treatment of patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma.
abstract: Granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has previously been indicated to enhance the therapeutic effect of the anti-colorectal carcinoma mAb17-1A as well as to augment in vivo immune effector functions. In vitro interleukin-2 (IL-2) augmented GM-CSF-induced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, a mechanism considered to be of significance for the therapeutic effect of mAb. A treatment regimen was elaborated that combined mAb17-1A (400 mg at day 3 of a 10-day treatment cycle) with the simultaneous administration of GM-CSF (250 microgram/m(2) once daily) and IL-2 (2.4 x 10(6) U/m(2) twice daily) for 10 days. The treatment cycle was repeated once a month. Twenty patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma were included in the study. One patient obtained a partial remission and 2 patients stable disease for 7 and 4 months respectively. The median survival time from the start of mAb therapy was 8 months. Owing to allergic reactions, the planned mAb17-1A dose had to be reduced by repeated infusions. At the fourth treatment cycle only 25% received the planned mAb dose. In 3 patients the GM-CSF and IL-2 dose was reduced because of side-effects. The subjective tolerability of the treatment was considered good or acceptable in more than 80% of the patients. The increment in white blood cell subsets induced by the cytokines decreased by increasing number of courses. This particular regimen did not augment the therapeutic effect of mAb17-1A anticipated from in vitro data but rather hampered the clinical effect of the antibody. The reason for this is not clear but a possibility might be the induction of immune suppression in vivo resulting from an impaired human anti-(mouse Ab) and anti-idiotypic antibody response as well as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, on the basis of a comparison of mAb17-1A/GM-CSF/IL-2- and mAb17-1A/GM-CSF-treated patients.
authors.affiliation: Immune and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hjelm Skog
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ragnhammar
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fagerberg
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Frödin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goldinger
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koldestam
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liljefors
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shetye
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wersäll
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mellstedt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001772:Blood Cell Count / Q000187:drug effects; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008875:Middle Aged; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D007376:Interleukin-2; D012709:Serum Albumin; C050928:carcinoma-associated antigen 17-1A; C400149:Edrecolomab; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D002118:Calcium