title: Sex differences in the effect of obesity on human plasma tryptophan/large neutral amino acid ratio.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) contributes to the regulation of food intake and appetite behavior, and its rate of synthesis depends upon brain tryptophan (TRP) availability in relation to the large neutral amino acids (LNAAs). Thus, the ratio of TRP to the sum of LNAA (TRP/LNAA) will be representative of the 5-HT brain levels. Differences between men and women in the obesity-linked alterations in whole blood amino acid levels and compartmentation have been described. The aim of this work was to study the effect of obesity on brain TRP availability in men and women and to determine whether there are sex-linked differences.
  
  
  METHODS
  The plasma levels of TRP and LNAAs in 42 men and 46 women (classified according to their body mass index (BMI) into lean, overweight and obese) have been determined by HPLC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The TRP/LNAA ratio shows a significant drop which is even more pronounced in men than in women as BMI increases. Moreover, the comparison of the values between the 3 BMI groups revealed that the drop in the TRP/LNAA ratio appears with overweight in men but only with obesity in women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These sex differences could affect hypothetical behavioral differences of feeling hunger when facing voluntary food restriction for weight loss in individuals of different genders and with varying degrees of obesity.
authors.affiliation: Laboratori de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, España.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Roca
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Proenza
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palou
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000097:blood*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007930:Leucine / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood*; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000097:blood; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000097:blood*; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000097:blood; D014633:Valine / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D014443:Tyrosine; D010649:Phenylalanine; D014364:Tryptophan; D007930:Leucine; D014633:Valine