title: An experimental study on rhBMP-2 composite bone substitute for repairing craniomaxillary bone defects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure bone regenerative effects in animal calvarial or mandibular critical-size defects using recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) combined with four selected carriers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The composite bone grafts were obtained by combining rhBMP-2 with chitin, coral, coral-based porous HA (CHA), and xenogeneic cancellous bone, respectively. These materials were implanted on the calvarial or mandibular defect of rabbits and on the calvarial defect of rats. Each carrier material was also studied as a control group. The animals were examined 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after implantation by radiography, histology (under light microscope and scanning electron microscope), immunohistochemistry, and biomechanics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that the composite graft was absorbed gradually after it was implanted into the defect, during which time new bone was formed within the combined material in the defect site; the amount of new bone increased as time elapsed. At 12 weeks the composite was replaced completely by bone except in the CHA group. In contrast, a large amount of fibrous tissue, and little new bone, formed on the area of the bone defect when the carrier material alone was implanted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All materials tested seem to be suitable carriers for rhBMP-2, which plays a very important role in new bone formation. These composite bone substitutes may be ideal materials for repairing various bone defects in the craniomaxillofacial region.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological College, Fourth Military Medical University (FMMU), P. R. China.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D002686:Chitin; D003063:Cnidaria; D003094:Collagen; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004338:Drug Combinations; D017886:Durapatite; D006801:Humans; D008334:Mandible; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012886:Skull; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta
chemical_list: C525718:BMP2 protein, human; C525720:Bmp2 protein, rat; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004338:Drug Combinations; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C499469:recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2; D002686:Chitin; D003094:Collagen; D017886:Durapatite