title: Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) discovery and linkage mapping of bovine cytokine genes.
abstract: Polymorphic markers at bovine gene loci facilitate the integration of cattle genetic maps with those of humans and mice. To this end, 31 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were developed for seven bovine chemokine genes. Loci were amplified from bovine genomic DNA by the polymerase chain reaction, and candidate amplicons were sequenced to determine their identity. Amplified loci from 24 founding parents and select progeny from a beef cattle reference population were sequenced and analyzed for SNPs. SNP haplotype alleles were determined by examining segregation patterns and used to establish the locus position on the bovine linkage map. Loci for growth-related proteins (GRO3, GRO1, and GROX) were clustered with the related CXC chemokine genes, interleukin (IL) 8, and epithelial cell inflammatory protein 1, at 84 cM from the centromeric end of the bovine chromosome (BTA) 6 linkage group. Bovine loci for a cluster of IL8 receptors, a stromal cell-derived factor 1, interferon-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were mapped at 90, 55, 59, and 34 cM, respectively, from the centromeric ends of the BTA 2, 28, 5, and 23 linkage groups. The positions of these bovine loci were compared with those of orthologous loci on the human map to refine the boundaries of conserved synteny. These seven loci provide examples of SNP development in which the efficiency was largely dependent on the availability of bovine genomic or cDNA sequence. The polymorphic nature of these SNP haplotype markers suggests that they will be useful for mapping complex traits in cattle, such as resistance to infectious disease.
authors.affiliation: United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (MARC), P. O. Box 166, State Spur 18D, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933, USA.
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Grosse
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kappes
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Laegreid
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Keele
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Chitko-McKown
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Heaton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics; D002417:Cattle; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000235:genetics; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics*; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine / Q000235:genetics; D018123:Receptors, Interleukin / Q000235:genetics; D023062:Receptors, Interleukin-8A; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; C515255:CXCL12 protein, human; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; C515256:Cxcl12 protein, mouse; D016207:Cytokines; D006133:Growth Substances; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine; D018123:Receptors, Interleukin; D023062:Receptors, Interleukin-8A; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma