title: Phase II trial of oral estramustine, oral etoposide, and intravenous paclitaxel in hormone-refractory prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the combination of intravenous (IV) paclitaxel, oral estramustine, and oral etoposide in patients with advanced hormone-refractory prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients with carcinoma of the prostate that was progressing despite hormonal therapy and who had undergone antiandrogen withdrawal (if previously treated with an antiandrogen) were enrolled onto this phase II trial. Patients were treated with oral estramustine 280 mg tid and oral etoposide 100 mg/d for 7 days, with paclitaxel 135 mg/m(2) IV over 1 hour on day 2 of each 21-day treatment cycle. Patients received a maximum of six cycles of therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-seven patients were assessable for response. Twenty-two had measurable disease at baseline; response was not assessable in six of these patients. Overall response was 45% (10 of 22 patients; 95% confidence interval [CI], 24% to 68%), and response was 63% (10 of 16) in assessable patients. Twenty-six patients had a > or = 50% decrease from their baseline prostate-specific antigen levels during therapy, for a response rate of 65% (95% CI, 48% to 79%) by this criterion. Median duration of response was 3.2 months, with an estimated median survival of 12.8 months. Major toxicities of therapy were leukopenia (eight patients had > or = grade 4 leukopenia) and anemia. Hematologic toxicity seemed to be associated with liver metastases. Serial measurements in 24 patients using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Prostate (FACT-P) showed no significant change in quality of life (QOL) as a result of therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of IV paclitaxel, oral estramustine, and oral etoposide is active in patients with advanced prostate cancer. The regimen is tolerable and does not have a significant impact on QOL as measured by the FACT-P in a limited sample of patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, USA. dcsmith@umich.edu
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Esper
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Strawderman
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Redman
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Pienta
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D004961:Estramustine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D011788:Quality of Life; D012983:Soft Tissue Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004961:Estramustine; D005047:Etoposide; D017239:Paclitaxel