title: The ototoxic effects of ethyl benzene in rats.
abstract: Exposure to organic solvents has been shown to be ototoxic in animals and there is evidence that these solvents can induce hearing loss in humans. In this study, the effects of inhalation of the possibly ototoxic solvent ethyl benzene on the cochlear function and morphology were evaluated using three complementary techniques: (1) reflex modification audiometry (RMA), (2) electrocochleography and (3) histological examination of the cochleas. Rats were exposed to either ethyl benzene (800 ppm, 8 h/day for 5 days) or to control conditions. The RMA threshold increased significantly by about 25 dB, 1 and 4 weeks after the exposure, irrespective of the stimulus frequency tested (4-24 kHz). Electrocochleography was performed between 8 and 11 weeks after exposure to the organic solvent. The threshold for the compound action potential increased significantly by 10-30 dB at all frequencies tested (1-24 kHz). Histological examination of the cochlea showed outer hair cell (OHC) loss, especially in the upper basal and lower middle turns (corresponding to the mid-frequency region) to an extent of 65%. We conclude that exposure to 800 ppm ethyl benzene for 8 h/day during 5 days induces hearing loss in rats due to OHC loss.
authors.affiliation: Hearing Research Laboratories, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Room G02.531, University Medical Centre Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands. n.l.m.cappaert@lab.azu.nl
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Cappaert
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Klis
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Muijser
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: de Groot
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Kulig
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Smoorenburg
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000818:Animals; D001299:Audiometry; D001300:Audiometry, Evoked Response; D001309:Auditory Threshold / Q000187:drug effects; D001555:Benzene Derivatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D003638:Deafness / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007758:Ear, Inner / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018072:Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012997:Solvents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D001555:Benzene Derivatives; D012997:Solvents; C004912:ethylbenzene