title: Antiproliferative effects of NO and ANP in cultured human airway smooth muscle.
abstract: Airway smooth muscle (ASM) hypertrophy and hyperplasia are important determinants of bronchial responsiveness in asthma, and agents that interfere with these processes may prevent airway remodeling. We tested the hypothesis that activators of soluble and particulate guanylyl cyclases would inhibit human ASM cell (HASMC) proliferation. We report that the nitric oxide (NO) donors S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP; 10(-6) to 10(-4) M) and sodium nitroprusside (10(-5) to 10(-3) M) and human atrial natriuretic peptide [ANP-(1-28); 10(-8) to 10(-6) M], which activate soluble and particulate guanylyl cyclases, respectively, inhibited serum- and thrombin-induced proliferation of cultured HASMCs. The antimitogenic effect of SNAP was reversed by hemoglobin (10(-5) M), an NO scavenger, suggesting that NO donation was involved. The antiproliferative effects of SNAP and ANP-(1-28) were potentiated by the cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase zaprinast and mimicked by 8-bromo-cGMP (10(-6) to 10(-3) M), suggesting that cGMP-dependent mechanisms were involved. However, first, ANP-(1-28) produced a smaller antiproliferative effect than SNAP in contrast to their abilities to elevate cGMP, and second, rat ANP-(104-126), which binds selectively to ANP clearance receptors without elevating cGMP, had a small antiproliferative effect, suggesting that cGMP-independent mechanisms were also involved. These results provide evidence for a novel antiproliferative effect of NO and ANP in HASMCs mediated through cGMP-dependent and cGMP-independent mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory Medicine, City Hospital, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Hamad
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Knox
mesh_terms: D001249:Asthma / Q000473:pathology; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004396:Coloring Agents; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D004232:Diuretics / Q000494:pharmacology; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000494:pharmacology; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia; D008168:Lung / Q000166:cytology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008934:Mitogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000166:cytology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology*; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000494:pharmacology; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D010396:Penicillamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011688:Purinones / Q000494:pharmacology; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D013917:Thrombin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D004396:Coloring Agents; D004232:Diuretics; D006454:Hemoglobins; D006490:Hemostatics; D008934:Mitogens; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D011688:Purinones; C110881:S-nitro-N-acetylpenicillamine; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; C056607:atriopeptin analog I; D009599:Nitroprusside; C016276:8-bromocyclic GMP; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D013917:Thrombin; C022616:thiazolyl blue; D010396:Penicillamine; C011145:zaprinast; D006152:Cyclic GMP