title: Health-related quality of life among renal-transplant recipients in Japan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study had four goals: (1) to evaluate an index of health-related quality of life (HQOL) among renal-transplant recipients in Japan, (2) to compare HQOL of renal-transplant recipients with that of the Japanese population as a whole, and (3,4) to study associations of HQOL with renal function and with the time since transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Questionnaires were distributed to 570 subjects. All were outpatients, were 16 years old or older, and were studied at least 1 year after they had received their latest renal transplant. HQOL was assessed with the Short Form 36-item health survey. Subjects' physicians provided data on renal function. Associations of HQOL with serum creatinine concentration and with the time since transplantation were evaluated by logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The response rate was 83%. Data from patients with diabetes and from those who had had at least two renal transplants were excluded; data from 395 recipients were analyzed. On the physical functioning, general health perception, vitality, and social functioning scales, the patients' scores were significantly lower than the Japanese national-norm scores. General health perception was particularly low. Serum creatinine concentrations were associated with general health perception, vitality, and social functioning. Longer times since transplantation were associated with better social functioning.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although social and physical functioning may improve after transplant surgery, a low self-rating of general health seemed to remain. The rarity of renal transplantation in Japan and other psychosocial factors may explain the low self-rating of general health in Japanese renal-transplant recipients.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsuji-Hayashi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukuhara
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Takai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shinzato
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oshima
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maeda
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007348:Insurance, Health; D007564:Japan; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D013997:Time Factors