title: Geothrix fermentans gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel Fe(III)-reducing bacterium from a hydrocarbon-contaminated aquifer.
abstract: In an attempt to understand better the micro-organisms involved in anaerobic degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons in the Fe(III)-reducing zone of petroleum-contaminated aquifers, Fe(III)-reducing micro-organisms were isolated from contaminated aquifer material that had been adapted for rapid oxidation of toluene coupled to Fe(III) reduction. One of these organisms, strain H-5T, was enriched and isolated on acetate/Fe(III) medium. Strain H-5T is a Gram-negative strict anaerobe that grows with various simple organic acids such as acetate, propionate, lactate and fumarate as alternative electron donors with Fe(III) as the electron acceptor. In addition, strain H-5T also oxidizes long-chain fatty acids such as palmitate with Fe(III) as the sole electron acceptor. Strain H-5T can also grow by fermentation of citrate or fumarate in the absence of an alternative electron acceptor. The primary end-products of citrate fermentation are acetate and succinate. In addition to various forms of soluble and insoluble Fe(III), strain H-5T grows with nitrate, Mn(IV), fumarate and the humic acid analogue 2,6-anthraquinone disulfonate as alternative electron acceptors. As with other organisms that can oxidize organic compounds completely with the reduction of Fe(III), cell suspensions of strain H-5T have absorbance maxima indicative of a c-type cytochrome(s). It is proposed that strain H-5T represents a novel genus in the Holophaga-Acidobacterium phylum and that it should be named Geothrix fermentans sp. nov., gen. nov.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale 62901, USA. jcoates@micro.siu.edu
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Coates
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: C V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Gaw
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Lovley
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000382:microbiology*; D006089:Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010578:Petroleum / Q000378:metabolism*; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D014871:Water Microbiology; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism*; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D010578:Petroleum; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical