title: Overexpression of the cardiac beta(2)-adrenergic receptor and expression of a beta-adrenergic receptor kinase-1 (betaARK1) inhibitor both increase myocardial contractility but have differential effects on susceptibility to ischemic injury.
abstract: Cardiac beta(2)-adrenergic receptor (beta(2)AR) overexpression is a potential contractile therapy for heart failure. Cardiac contractility was elevated in mice overexpressing beta(2)ARs (TG4s) with no adverse effects under normal conditions. To assess the consequences of beta(2)AR overexpression during ischemia, perfused hearts from TG4 and wild-type mice were subjected to 20-minute ischemia and 40-minute reperfusion. During ischemia, ATP and pH fell lower in TG4 hearts than wild type. Ischemic injury was greater in TG4 hearts, as indicated by lower postischemic recoveries of contractile function, ATP, and phosphocreatine. Because beta(2)ARs, unlike beta(1)ARs, couple to G(i) as well as G(s), we pretreated mice with the G(i) inhibitor pertussis toxin (PTX). PTX treatment increased basal contractility in TG4 hearts and abolished the contractile resistance to isoproterenol. During ischemia, ATP fell lower in TG4+PTX than in TG4 hearts. Recoveries of contractile function and ATP were lower in TG4+PTX than in TG4 hearts. We also studied mice that overexpressed either betaARK1 (TGbetaARK1) or a betaARK1 inhibitor (TGbetaARKct). Recoveries of function, ATP, and phosphocreatine were higher in TGbetaARK1 hearts than in wild-type hearts. Despite basal contractility being elevated in TGbetaARKct hearts to the same level as that of TG4s, ischemic injury was not increased. In summary, beta(2)AR overexpression increased ischemic injury, whereas betaARK1 overexpression was protective. Ischemic injury in the beta(2)AR overexpressors was exacerbated by PTX treatment, implying that it was G(s) not G(i) activity that enhanced injury. Unlike beta(2)AR overexpression, basal contractility was increased by betaARK1 inhibitor expression without increasing ischemic injury, thus implicating a safer potential therapy for heart failure.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. cross@niehs.nih.gov
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Cross
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Steenbergen
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Lefkowitz
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Murphy
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D054769:G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2; D019206:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D005838:Genotype; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000628:therapy*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000235:genetics*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D010725:Phosphocreatine / Q000378:metabolism; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction; D010566:Virulence Factors, Bordetella / Q000494:pharmacology; D051552:beta-Adrenergic Receptor Kinases
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; D010566:Virulence Factors, Bordetella; D010725:Phosphocreatine; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; C496568:GRK2 protein, mouse; D051552:beta-Adrenergic Receptor Kinases; D054769:G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2; D019206:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go