title: Plasma concentrations of the antioxidants beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol in relation to lung function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the association between plasma antioxidants (beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol) and lung function in Dutch adults aged 20-59 y.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A random sample (n=367) was drawn from all participants (men and women) aged 20-59 y with reproducible lung function measurements in 1995.
  
  
  METHODS
  Completion of general questionnaire and physical examination.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and plasma levels of beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SUBJECTS with a high plasma beta-carotene level (90th percentile, that is 0.57 micromol/L) tended to have a higher FEV1 (73 ml, s.e.m. 60 ml; P=0.22) and a higher FVC (147 ml, s.e.m. 76 ml; P=0.05) than subjects with a low plasma beta-carotene level (10th percentile, that is 0.11 micromol/L) after adjustment for age, height, gender, smoking status, pack-years of smoking and alcohol consumption. There was no difference in lung function between subjects with high and low plasma alpha-tocopherol concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that subjects with a high plasma beta-carotene tended to have a higher FVC than subjects with a low plasma beta-carotene concentration which was borderline statistically significant. The difference for FEV1 between high and low levels of plasma beta-carotene tended to be in the same positive direction as that of FVC but did not reach the pre-set statistical significance level. There is no relation between plasma alpha-tocopherol and lung function.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports of the Netherlands and the National Institute of Public Health and the Environment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Grievink
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Smit
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Veer
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brunekreef
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kromhout
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012907:Smoking; D014797:Vital Capacity; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000097:blood*; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D019207:beta Carotene; D014810:Vitamin E