title: Impact of resident feedback on immunization outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect on immunization levels of retrospective written feedback to residents regarding missed immunization opportunities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized trial with control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pediatric resident continuity clinic in an urban hospital-based primary care clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two postgraduate level 2 and postgraduate level 3 pediatric residents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Monthly retrospective written feedback mailed to residents detailing their missed immunization opportunities and appointment failure rates over a 12-month period beginning in February 1997.
  
  
  METHODS
  The immunization level of 2-year-old children in the resident clinic was the main outcome of interest. Secondary outcomes included missed immunization opportunity rates and appointment failure rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postintervention immunization levels were 71.4% (95% confidence limits [CLs]: 63.2%, 78.7%) for patients from the intervention group and 68.5% (95% CLs: 60.8%, 75.4%) for patients from the control group. The immunization level for patients of both groups who had fewer than 2 visits during the second year of life was 47.2% (95% CLs: 38.2%, 56.3%). This compares with an immunization level of 78.1% (95% CLs: 66.0%, 87.5%) for patients from both groups who had 2 visits during the second year of life, and with an immunization level of 88.2% (95% CLs: 81.0%, 93.4%) for patients of both groups who had more than 2 visits during the second year of life (P<.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this setting, written retrospective feedback to residents was an ineffective strategy for improving immunization levels. Adequate follow-up during the second year of life is critical in achieving high immunization levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. crust@emory.edu
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Rust
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Sisk
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Sullivan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005246:Feedback; D005260:Female; D005845:Georgia; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008297:Male; D010044:Outpatient Clinics, Hospital / Q000592:standards*; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000193:education*; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011314:Preventive Health Services