title: Evaluation of trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole as monotherapy or in combination in the management of toxoplasmosis in murine models.
abstract: The combination of trimethoprim (TMP) and sulphamethoxazole (SMX) is commonly used for the prevention of cerebral toxoplasmosis although there is no firm experimental basis to support this regimen. We used strain RH tachyzoites for challenge in the acute murine model of toxoplasmosis and found that TMP administered as a single agent, failed to eradicate toxoplasma even at the highest dose (70 mg/kg per day). SMX alone at 600 mg/kg per day, protected ten out of ten mice, although inoculation of brain from surviving animals to naive mice resulted in the development of an encephalitis. When combined, TMP (60 mg/kg per day) and SMX (300 mg/kg per day) protected ten out of ten mice and gave a 'cure' in four out of four mice. In the chronic cystogenic murine models, the combination TMP plus SMX administered from day 5 for 15 days or from day 28 for 288 days, gave protection and even apparent toxoplasmal eradication ('cure') at the highest dosing (60/300 mg/kg per day). However, microscopic severe encephalitis was found in mice classified as 'cured' after reinoculation. This result makes the interpretation of 'cure' very difficult. In conclusion TMP and SMX act synergistically, SMX being the more active arm of the combination. The combination was efficient in preventing the lethal development of chronic toxoplasma encephalitis, but did not guarantee complete recovery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Centre Medical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Dumas
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pizzolato
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Pechère
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D051379:Mice; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014124:Toxoplasmosis, Animal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D014295:Trimethoprim / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; D014295:Trimethoprim; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole