title: Management of unsuspected common bile duct stones found during laparoscopic cholecystectomy by means of transcystic catheter placement and papillary dilation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The optimal treatment strategy for treatment of bile duct stones first diagnosed during laparoscopic cholecystectomy has not been established. We prospectively treated unsuspected bile duct stones by means of intraoperative placement of a transcystic catheter followed by postoperative pharmacologic papillary dilation or endoscopic papillary balloon dilation.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 17 patients with bile duct stones first found at laparoscopic cholecystectomy, a catheter was introduced via the cystic duct into the bile duct. If postoperative cholangiography via a transcystic catheter showed stones 5 mm or less in diameter, glyceryl trinitrate was infused via the catheter into the bile duct. Patients in whom medical dilation was unsuccessful or who had larger stones underwent endoscopic papillary balloon dilation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stone diameter measured 3 to 11 mm (mean 6.4 mm). Postoperative cholangiography revealed spontaneous passage in four patients. After pharmacologic papillary dilation, two of five patients with stones 5 mm or less in diameter had stone clearance. The remaining 11 patients underwent successful endoscopic papillary balloon dilation with stone clearance. In two patients, a guidewire introduced via a transcystic catheter through the papilla facilitated selective biliary cannulation. One early minor complication occurred. All patients remained without symptoms for a mean follow-up of 13 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For unsuspected bile duct stones (usually small ones), this strategy is a simple and effective alternative to laparoscopic bile duct exploration and postoperative sphincterotomy and may minimize early and late complications. Transcystic catheterization ensures access to the bile duct, thereby avoiding endoscopic treatment failures.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Surgery, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Izumisato
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hatano
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Atomi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000295:instrumentation*; D003549:Cystic Duct / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004106:Dilatation / Q000295:instrumentation; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D042882:Gallstones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography; D016717:Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016896:Treatment Outcome