title: Incidence of preputial lichen sclerosus in adults: histologic study of circumcision specimens.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Narrowing of the prepuce in men is poorly documented, and the causes are often unknown, except in the case of clinical infections or skin diseases such as lichen sclerosus (LS).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We conducted a histologic study of circumcision specimens with phimosis or paraphimosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective study included 43 men with contraction referred for circumcision.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LS was present in 32% of cases, but only 12% of these cases of LS had not been diagnosed before circumcision. In 31% of cases the histologic findings were normal. Subacute nonspecific inflammatory changes were diagnosed in 37% of all cases, and secondary narrowing of the prepuce in 62% of cases. It is probable that this histologic modification of the preputial mucosa is involved in narrowing of the prepuce.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Phimosis in young adults is usually not associated with LS (only 14%). In contrast, most older patients had secondary phimosis caused by progressive LS (40%) or subacute nonspecific inflammatory changes (40%). Although all cases of phimosis in men should be treated by complete circumcision to prevent penile cancer, paraphimosis associated with preputial dyspareunia, with the exception of cases associated with LS, can be treated by corrective surgery.
authors.affiliation: Collège Européen et Francophone d'Urologie Libérale, Paris, France.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Aynaud
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Piron
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Casanova
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002944:Circumcision, Male; D005832:Genital Diseases, Male / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D018459:Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010263:Paraphimosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D010413:Penis / Q000473:pathology*; D010688:Phimosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies