title: Hydrocortisone with or without mitoxantrone in men with hormone-refractory prostate cancer: results of the cancer and leukemia group B 9182 study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Approximately 40,000 men die each year of hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC). The results of treatment with chemotherapy have been disappointing to date, with no trials demonstrating a benefit with respect to survival duration. Corticosteroids and mitoxantrone each have been shown to be active agents in this disease. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate an advantage of mitoxantrone and hydrocortisone (M+H) over hydrocortisone alone with respect to survival duration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred forty-two patients with HRPC were randomized to receive either M+H or hydrocortisone alone. Patients were monitored for survival, time to disease progression, time to treatment failure, response, and quality-of-life (QOL) parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment in both arms was well tolerated. Although there was a delay in time to treatment failure and disease progression in favor of M+H over hydrocortisone alone, there was no difference in overall survival (12.3 months for M+H v 12.6 months for hydrocortisone alone). There was an indication that QOL was better with M+H, in particular with respect to pain control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  M+H generated more frequent responses and a delay in both time to treatment failure and disease progression compared with hydrocortisone alone. In addition, there was a possible benefit of M+H with respect to pain control over hydrocortisone alone. No improvement in survival was observed. Although M+H could be viewed as a palliative option for patients with HRPC, new drugs and novel strategies are needed to improve survival for this disease.
authors.affiliation: Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology and Breast Oncology Center, Department of Adult Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115-6084, USA. philipvkantoff@dfci.harvard.edu
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Kantoff
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Halabi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Conaway
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Picus
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kirshner
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hars
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Trump
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Winer
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Vogelzang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008942:Mitoxantrone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D011788:Quality of Life; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D008942:Mitoxantrone; D006854:Hydrocortisone