title: Predominant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from antibiotic-associated diarrhea is clinically relevant and produces enterotoxin A and the bicomponent toxin LukE-lukD.
abstract: Staphylococcus aureus was isolated as the predominant or only isolate from cultures of stools of 60 patients over 2 years in a university hospital, leading to the collection of 114 isolates. Diarrhea was observed in 90% of the patients. Ninety-eight percent of the patients had received antibiotics in the month before the diarrhea. Ninety-two percent of the S. aureus isolates were methicillin resistant. S. aureus was encountered with antibiotic-associated diarrhea among 47 quite elderly patients affected or not affected by a gastrointestinal disease. Among the antimicrobial treatments, cessation of the previous therapy when possible or rapid application of oral vancomycin therapy was the most appropriate. Analysis of total DNA by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed 27 different SmaI pulsotypes distributed in 15 clusters. The pulsotypes never differed for related isolates from a single patient, even if they originated from patients with bacteremia. S. aureus was not isolated as the predominant isolate in cultures of stools of 57 patients who received an antimicrobial treatment for more than 5 days without diarrhea. Occurence of production of both enterotoxin A and the bicomponent leucotoxin LukE-LukD by the S. aureus isolates was significantly different from that by random isolates. The results strongly suggest that when predominant in stool samples, S. aureus should be considered a possible etiologic agent for some cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhea.
authors.affiliation: UPRES EA-1318, Institut de Bactériologie de la Faculté de Médecine (Université Louis Pasteur-Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gravet
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rondeau
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Harf-Monteil
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grunenberger
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Monteil
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Scheftel
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Prévost
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016360:Clostridioides difficile / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D004761:Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous / Q000382:microbiology; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005098:Exotoxins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004768:Enterotoxins; D005098:Exotoxins; C115218:LukD protein, Staphylococcus aureus; C115217:LukE protein, Staphylococcus aureus; C026066:enterotoxin A, Staphylococcal