title: Caudal block in children: ropivacaine compared with bupivacaine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bupivacaine provides reliable, long-lasting anesthesia and analgesia when given via the caudal route. Ropivacaine is a newer, long-acting local anesthetic that (at a concentration providing similar pain relief) has less motor nerve blockade and may have less cardiotoxicity than bupivacaine.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a double-blind trial, 81 healthy children, undergoing ambulatory surgical procedures, were randomly allocated to receive caudal analgesia with either bupivacaine or ropivacaine, 0.25%, 1 mVkg. All blocks were placed by an attending anesthesiologist or an anesthesia fellow after induction of general anesthesia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data were available for 75 children. There were no significant differences between the two groups in baseline characteristics or in anesthesia, surgery, recovery room, or day surgery unit durations. The quality and duration of postoperative pain relief did not differ. Motor and sensory effects were similar. Time to first micturition did not differ.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ropivacaine (0.25%, 1 ml/kg) provided adequate postoperative analgesia with no difference from bupivacaine (0.25%, 1 ml/kg) in quality and duration of pain relief, motor and sensory effects, or time to first micturition in our study children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, USA. skhalil@anes1.med.uth.tmc.edu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khalil
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Farag
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vije
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ritchey
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chuang
mesh_terms: D000577:Amides; D000763:Anesthesia, Caudal; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D002045:Bupivacaine; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000503:physiopathology; D012018:Reflex / Q000187:drug effects; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D012677:Sensation / Q000187:drug effects; D014797:Vital Capacity
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D002045:Bupivacaine