title: Comparison of the intubation conditions provided by rapacuronium (ORG 9487) or succinylcholine in humans during anesthesia with fentanyl and propofol.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Currently, the only approved muscle relaxant with a rapid onset and short duration of action is succinylcholine, a drug with some undesirable effects. Rapacuronium is an investigational nondepolarizing relaxant that also has a rapid onset and short duration and consequently should be compared with succinylcholine in its ability to facilitate rapid tracheal intubation.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective, randomized clinical trial involved 336 patients. Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl and propofol and either 1.5 mg/kg rapacuronium or 1.0 mg/kg succinylcholine. The goal was to accomplish tracheal intubation by 60 s after administration of the neuromuscular blocking drug. Endotracheal intubation was performed, and conditions were graded by a blinded investigator. Recovery of neuromuscular function was assessed by electromyography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intubation conditions were evaluated in 236 patients. Intubation by 60 s after drug administration occurred in 100% of patients with rapacuronium and in 98% with succinylcholine. Intubation conditions were excellent or good in 87% of patients with rapacuronium and in 95% with succinylcholine (P < 0.05). The time (median and range) to the first recovery of the train-of-four response was 8.0 (2.8-20.0) min with rapacuronium and 5.7 (1.8-17.7) min with succinylcholine (P < 0.05). The overall incidence of adverse effects was similar with both drugs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A 1.5-mg/kg dose of rapacuronium effectively facilitates rapid tracheal intubation. It can be considered a valid alternative to 1.0 mg/kg succinylcholine for this purpose.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, Davis, USA.
authors.forename: N W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Glass
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Kitts
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kirkegaard-Nielsen
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Gronert
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cicutti
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Caldwell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined / Q000009:adverse effects; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009466:Neuromuscular Blocking Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D015742:Propofol; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013390:Succinylcholine / Q000009:adverse effects; D014673:Vecuronium Bromide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*
chemical_list: D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D009466:Neuromuscular Blocking Agents; D014673:Vecuronium Bromide; C082938:rapacuronium; D013390:Succinylcholine; D005283:Fentanyl; D015742:Propofol