title: [Role of flexible mini-ureteroscopes in diseases of the upper urinary tract].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The management of upper urinary tract disease has been improved by miniaturization of endoscopes. Our objective was to assess the value of flexible mini-ureteroscopes for the diagnosis and treatment of upper urinary tract lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  33 consecutive patients (mean age: 49 +/- 16 years; 23 men) underwent first-line flexible ureteroscopy for upper urinary tract disease, consisting of: stones: 21, filling defect: 6, stenosis: 3, haematuria: 2, positive cytology: 1 and situated in the kidney + renal pelvis: 14 or ureter: 19. The 21 stones were situated in: the calyx: 5, renal pelvis: 1, lumbar ureter: 8, iliac ureter: 3, pelvic ureter: 4. Their mean dimensions were 9.7 +/- 4 x 5.3 +/- 2.3 mm. Previous treatment had failed for 13 stones. There 7.5 F flexible ureteroscopes of various brands were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients were operated under general anaesthesia. Antegrade ureteroscopy was performed in 2 patients. Advancement of the ureteroscope was considered to be difficult in 5 cases, including the 2 antegrade cases. 13 stones were fragmented by hydroelectric waves. The mean duration of ureteroscopy was 40 +/- 15 min. The mean hospital stay was 2.8 +/- 1 days. There was no intraoperative or perioperative morbidity. Ureteroscopy was considered to be successful in 27 cases (82%) and a failure in 6 cases: fragmentation: 3 and progression: 3. Fifteen patients were reviewed after more than one month (3 +/- 2 months) with no morbidity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ureteroscopy with flexible mini-ureteroscopes is an effective, reproducible and minimally traumatic diagnostic and therapeutic technique. It is particularly useful for lesions situated above the iliac vessels and is indicated for diagnostic assessment and stones, but also upper tract malformations and strictures.
authors.affiliation: Service d'Urologie et Transplantation Rénale, Hôpital Salvator, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lechevallier
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Ortega
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Eghazarian
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marc
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Coulange
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008096:Lithotripsy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous; D013997:Time Factors; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D014515:Ureteral Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D020709:Ureteroscopes