title: Transforming growth factor beta is a growth-inhibitory cytokine of B cell lymphoma in SIV-infected macaques.
abstract: Cytokine dysregulation is accepted as one of the pivotal factors in the pathogenesis of B cell lymphomas in HIV-positive patients. So far no data exist on inhibitory cytokines in the regulatory network of HIV-associated B-NHL. Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected macaques are a well-established in vivo model of HIV infection in humans. We used this model for the identification of TGF-beta as a growth-inhibitory cytokine of SIV-associated B cell lymphomas. Fifty-seven rhesus macaques were infected with SIVmac. Nine animals developed B cell lymphomas: eight with high-grade lymphomas of the immunoblastic, centroblastic, and "Burkitt-like" type, and one with the centroblastic/centrocytic type according to the Kiel classification. Six of seven analyzed lymphomas were infected with the macaque EBV, herpes virus macaca mulatta (HVMM). The lymphomas and the SIV-associated B cell lymphoma cell line H50 were positive for transcription of the TGF-beta gene. Protein expression and secretion of the active cytokine were proved by immunohistochemistry and ELISA. H50 transcribed the TGF-beta type I and type II receptor (R I/II), betaglycan, and endoglin. Furthermore, all primary lymphoma samples tested were positive for receptor type I/II transcription and protein expression. TGF-beta induced reduction of cell viability by 67% (range, 50-84% and enhanced apoptosis by 69% (range, 33-111%) compared with the control. TGF-beta activity was blocked by a specific anti-TGF-beta antibody. Thus, TGF-beta fulfilled the criteria of a negative autocrine inhibitor in H50. These data identify TGF-beta as a promising candidate as an inhibitory factor in the regulatory network of HIV-associated lymphomagenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine III, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Germany. cbuske@bccancer.bc.ca
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Buske
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hannig
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blaschke
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hunsmann
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bodemer
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hiddemann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D016483:Lymphoma, AIDS-Related / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta