title: In-vitro study of resin-modified glass ionomer cements for cementation of orthodontic bands. Isolation, surplus removal and humidity as factors influencing the bond strength between enamel, cement and metal.
abstract: The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate different light-cured and chemically cured resin-modified glass ionomer cements used for the cementation of orthodontic bands and to analyze various factors influencing the adhesive strength between enamel, cement and stainless steel. Four resin-modified glass ionomers (Fuji Ortho LC/GC, Fuji Duet/GC, Unitek Multi-Cure Glass Ionomer Orthodontic Band Cement/3M Unitek, Vitremer/3M) and 1 compomer (Band-Lok/Reliance) were examined. Flattened and polished bovine teeth embedded in polyurethane resin were used as enamel specimens. Before cementation, 50% of the specimens were moistened with the aerosol of an inhalation device, while the rest were dried with compressed air. Stainless steel cylinders (CrNi 18 10) were perpendicularly bonded onto the polished enamel using a custom-made cementation device and immediately topped with a pressure of 0.25 MPa. The cement was isolated with either Ketac Glaze/ESPE, Fuji Coat/GC, Cacao Butter/GC, Dryfoil/Jalenko or Final Varnish/VOCO, or was left uncoated. Eight minutes after the beginning of mixing, either the surplus cement was removed with a scalpel or surplus removal was simulated with ultrasound. After 24 hours storage in a water bath at 37 degrees C and 1,000 thermocycles the shear bond strength was determined. Significant differences with respect to the shear bond strength were found among the following cements, ranking from highest to lowest: Fuji Duet, Unitek cement > Fuji Ortho LC > Vitremer > Band-Lok. The application of a barrier coating significantly increased the shear bond strength of all cements except Fuji Ortho LC. The light-cured resin Ketac Glaze proved to be the most effective barrier coating. A dry enamel surface increased the bond strength of all investigated cements except Unitek cement. The use of ultrasound led to no significant reduction in shear bond strength in comparison with surplus removal with a scalpel.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Clinic Charité, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Liebmann
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Jost-Brinkmann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002484:Cementation / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D020770:Compomers / Q000737:chemistry; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000737:chemistry*; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D006813:Humidity; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: D020770:Compomers; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D019279:Resin Cements