title: Gemcitabine plus cisplatin, an active regimen in advanced urothelial cancer: a phase II trial of the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of gemcitabine (2', 2'-difluorodeoxycytidine) plus cisplatin in previously untreated patients with advanced transitional-cell carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-one patients with measurable advanced transitional-cell carcinoma who had received no prior chemotherapy for metastatic disease were scheduled to receive gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m(2) intravenously over 30 minutes on days 1, 8, and 15 and cisplatin 70 mg/m(2) over 1 hour on day 2 of a 28-day cycle. Prior adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced disease was allowed if this was completed more than 1 year before study entry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were six complete responses and 10 partial responses in 28 assessable patients, for an overall response rate of 16 of 28 (57%). The response rate on an intent-to-treat basis was 16 of 31 patients (52%). The median survival is 13.2 months, with 18 patients still alive at this time. Toxicity was primarily hematologic, with 12 of 31 patients (39%) having > or = grade 3 granulocytopenia and 17 of 31 (55%) having > or = grade 3 thrombocytopenia. Two patients had febrile neutropenia. All patients required a dose modification of gemcitabine at some point in their therapy; the primary reason was thrombocytopenia and/or neutropenia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gemcitabine plus cisplatin is an active regimen for the treatment of urothelial cancer.
authors.affiliation: BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. malcolm_moore@pmh.toronto.on.ca
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Winquist
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: I F
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Tannock
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huan
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Seymour
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000380:Agranulocytosis / Q000139:chemically induced; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000139:chemically induced; D014516:Ureteral Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D003841:Deoxycytidine; D002945:Cisplatin; D000093542:Gemcitabine