title: Management of breast cancer in the elderly by complete local excision and tamoxifen alone.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Breast cancer in the elderly is a significant problem, with approximately 30% of all breast cancers occurring in women who are aged 70 or more. Treatments such as axillary dissection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, part of standard therapy in younger women, have a considerable morbidity and may not be well tolerated in the elderly. The authors report their experience with a more conservative approach to breast cancer in the elderly, using complete local excision combined with long-term tamoxifen (CLE and Tam).
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy women aged > or = 70 years (median age: 79.5 years; range: 70-93 years) were treated by CLE and Tam, and were followed for a median of 25 months (range: 1-82 months). The study population of 70 women represented a less fit group, with tumours suitable for a breast-conserving approach and without palpable axillary lymph nodes. Follow-up was by clinical examination and annual mammography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Loco-regional failure occurred in seven women (10%), three of which involved the breast alone, three the axilla alone, and one involved both sites. Five patients had further surgery. Six of the seven patients had high-grade tumours and two of them were oestrogen receptor-negative. Four of the failure group have subsequently died: two with metastatic breast cancer and two from non-malignant disease. Of the whole study group, there have been 12 deaths in the follow-up period: three from metastatic breast cancer and nine from unrelated medical illness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is believed that CLE and Tam provide a simple and safe approach for early non-high-grade breast cancers in elderly women. By such an approach, a large number of elderly women can avoid axillary dissection and radiotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Breast Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. Chady.Sader@health.wa.gov.au
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sader
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ingram
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hastrich
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008408:Mastectomy; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000032:analysis; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000032:analysis; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; D013629:Tamoxifen