title: Definitive chemoradiotherapy for T4 and/or M1 lymph node squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the efficacy and feasibility of concurrent chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced carcinoma of the esophagus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-four patients with clinically T4 and/or M1 lymph node (LYM) squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus were enrolled. Patients received protracted infusion of fluorouracil 400 mg/m(2)/24 hours on days 1 to 5 and 8 to 12, 2-hour infusion of cisplatin 40 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8, and concurrent radiation therapy at a dose of 30 Gy in 15 fractions over 3 weeks. Filgrastim was prophylactically administered to 35 patients. This schedule was repeated twice every 5 weeks, for a total radiation dose of 60 Gy, followed by two courses of fluorouracil (800 mg/m(2)/24 hours for 5 days) and cisplatin (80 mg/m(2) on day 1).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 21 patients with T4M0 disease, one with T2M1 LYM, 17 with T3M1 LYM, and 15 withT4M1 LYM. Forty-nine patients (91%) completed at least the chemoradiotherapy segment. The 18 patients (33%) who achieved a complete response included nine (25%) of the 36 with T4 disease and nine (50%) of the 18 with non-T4 disease. Major toxicities were leukocytopenia and esophagitis; there were four (7%) treatment-related deaths. Prophylactic filgrastim reduced the incidence of grade 3 or worse leukopenia without improving dose-intensity or response. With a median follow-up duration of 43 months, median survival time was 9 months. The 3-year survival rate was 23%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite its significant toxicity, this combined modality seemed to have curative potential even in cases of locally advanced carcinoma of the esophagus.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Gastrointestinal Oncology/Gastroenterology and Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan. aohtsu@east.ncc.go.jp
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ohtsu
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Boku
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Muro
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Satake
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishikura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogino
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyata
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakamura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D000069585:Filgrastim; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D000069585:Filgrastim; D002945:Cisplatin; D005472:Fluorouracil