title: Three dimensional upper extremity motion during manual wheelchair propulsion in men with different levels of spinal cord injury.
abstract: This investigation compared three dimensional upper extremity motion during wheelchair propulsion in persons with 4 levels of spinal cord injury: low paraplegia (n=17), high paraplegia (n=19), C7 tetraplegia (n=16), and C6 tetraplegia (n=17). Upper extremity motion was recorded as subjects manually propelled a wheelchair mounted on a stationary ergometer. For all motions measured, subjects with paraplegia had similar patterns suggesting that the wheelchair backrest adequately stabilizes the trunk in the absence of abdominal musculature. Compared with paraplegic subjects, those with tetraplegia differed primarily in the strategy used to contact the wheel. This was most evident among subjects with C6 tetraplegia who had greater wrist extension and less forearm pronation.
authors.affiliation: Rancho Los Amigos Medical Center, Pathokinesiology Laboratory, Building 800 Room 33, 7601 E. Imperial Highway, Downey, CA 90242, USA.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Newsam
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Mulroy
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Gronley
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Bontrager
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Perry
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001132:Arm / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004551:Elbow Joint / Q000503:physiopathology; D016552:Ergometry; D006801:Humans; D006811:Humerus / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement; D010243:Paralysis / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010264:Paraplegia / Q000534:rehabilitation; D011403:Pronation; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000534:rehabilitation; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000503:physiopathology; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D014910:Wheelchairs; D014955:Wrist Joint / Q000503:physiopathology