title: Visual and ocular outcome in children after prenatal exposure to antiepileptic drugs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To prospectively study the incidence of structural and/or functional ophthalmological abnormalities in the offspring to an unselected population of women with epilepsy, subjected to a well controlled antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment during pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-three children prenatally exposed to antiepileptic drugs and 47 controls were included. Blinded ophthalmological examinations including fundus photography were performed at a median age of 7 years and 4 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No major eye anomalies were found except in one child in the exposed group who had nystagmus and low vision. The visual acuity was lower in the eye with lowest acuity among the exposed children (p < 0.05). No other significant difference was found between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that a well-controlled treatment with AEDs, preferably monotherapy, during pregnancy does not have any major adverse effects on the development of the eye and ophthalmological functions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge University Hospital, Sweden. kristina.fahnehjelm@klinvet.ki.se
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Fahnehjelm
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wide
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ygge
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hellström
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tomson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Winbladh
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Strömland
mesh_terms: D000869:Anterior Eye Segment / Q000187:drug effects; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy; D005123:Eye / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009759:Nystagmus, Pathologic / Q000139:chemically induced; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000187:drug effects; D010781:Photography; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014785:Vision, Ocular / Q000187:drug effects*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants