title: Prophylaxis of experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa endophthalmitis after vitrectomy using ceftazidime in the irrigating solution.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the efficacy of ceftazidime in irrigating solution during vitrectomy to prevent experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa endophthalmitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two rabbit eyes were divided into 6 groups. Vitrectomy using one of two different irrigating solutions was followed by intravitreal injection of P. aeruginosa: Group 1, balanced salt solution (BSS) followed by 100 colony-forming units (CFU) P. aeruginosa; Group 2, BSS fortified with ceftazidime 175 microg/mL (CBSS) followed by intravitreal injection of 100 CFU P. aeruginosa; Group 3, BSS followed by 500 CFU P. aeruginosa; Group 4, CBSS followed by 500 CFU P. aeruginosa; Group 5, BSS followed by 5000 CFU P. aeruginosa; and Group 6, CBSS followed by 5000 CFU P. aeruginosa. The eyes were examined clinically. Vitreous samples were cultured and histology was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group 1: Three of 5 eyes showed mild to moderate vitreous opacities. Group 2: No vitreous opacities developed. Group 3: All eyes demonstrated endophthalmitis. Group 4: All 6 eyes had clear vitreous with visible fundus. Group 5: Severe endophthalmitis occurred in all 6 eyes. Group 6: Four eyes had clearly visible fundus, 2 eyes had hazy vitreous with red reflex of the fundus. Bacterial growth in groups 3, 4, 5, and 6 was seen in 4/4, 1/6, 6/6, and 0/6 eyes, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When 100-5000 CFU P. aeruginosa were injected after vitrectomy, ceftazidime in the irrigating solution inhibited the signs of intraocular inflammation, and the rate of positive bacterial culture.
authors.affiliation: LSU Eye Center, Louisiana State University Medical Center School of Medicine, New Orleans 70112-2234, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Peyman
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Molinari
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Hegazy
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D002442:Ceftazidime / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D015818:Eye Infections, Bacterial / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D011817:Rabbits; D012160:Retina / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014821:Vitrectomy
chemical_list: D002511:Cephalosporins; D002442:Ceftazidime