title: Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) group formation and housing: wounding and reproduction in a specific pathogen free (SPF) colony.
abstract: In the present report, we examined the effects of group formation strategy and corral design on wounding and reproduction rates in rhesus macaques. Specifically, we examined group formation using a staged strategy, in which small groups of animals were introduced incrementally over a period of weeks, and a rapid formation strategy, in which all animals were introduced in 1 day. We also examined group formation using a divided corral design that facilitated visual and social separation of individuals, and an undivided corral design that did not facilitate visual or social separation. Dependent measures were wounding and reproductive rates over each of the 2 years that followed group formation. Results indicate that incrementally releasing subgroups of animals, and using a corral design that provides for visual and social separation of individuals, are effective strategies for reducing rates of traumatic wounding when forming multimale-multifemale rhesus macaque breeding groups. However, it must be noted that differences in formation strategy and corral design did not lead to higher reproductive rates. We conclude that incrementally releasing animals in hierarchical subgroups, and using a divided vs. undivided housing design, reduced intra-group wounding and associated demands on veterinary and animal management resources following formation of rhesus macaque breeding groups.
authors.affiliation: Division of Research, LABS of Virginia, Inc., Yemassee, South Carolina 29945, USA. gwprimate@aol.com
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Westergaard
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Izard
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Drake
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Suomi
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Higley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D005260:Female; D006799:Housing, Animal; D008251:Macaca / Q000293:injuries / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008992:Monkey Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D012726:Sexual Behavior, Animal; D012919:Social Behavior; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D013997:Time Factors; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology / Q000662:veterinary*