title: Interaction of the Ski oncoprotein with Smad3 regulates TGF-beta signaling.
abstract: TGF-beta treatment of cells induces a variety of physiologic responses, including growth inhibition, differentiation, and induction of apoptosis. TGF-beta induces phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Smad3. We describe here the association of Smad3 with the nuclear protooncogene protein Ski in response to the activation of TGF-beta signaling. Association with Ski represses transcriptional activation by Smad3, and overexpression of Ski renders cells resistant to the growth-inhibitory effects of TGF-beta. The transcriptional repression as well as the growth resistance to TGF-beta by overexpression of Ski can be overcome by overexpression of Smad3. These results demonstrate that Ski is a novel component of the TGF-beta signaling pathway and shed light on the mechanism of action of the Ski oncoprotein.
authors.affiliation: Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Nine Cambridge Center, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: E N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Eaton
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Lodish
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Weinberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002455:Cell Division / Q000235:genetics; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D050762:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p15; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D016259:Genes, myc / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008907:Mink; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051900:Smad3 Protein; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology*; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
chemical_list: C493966:CDKN2B protein, human; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D050762:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p15; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C497790:SMAD3 protein, human; D051900:Smad3 Protein; D015534:Trans-Activators; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; C060614:SKI protein, human