title: MR line-scan diffusion-weighted imaging of term neonates with perinatal brain ischemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  MR diffusion-weighted imaging provides early demonstration of neonatal brain infarction. The evolution and limitations of diffusion-weighted imaging findings in newborns, however, have not been evaluated. Using line-scan diffusion imaging (LSDI), we investigated perinatal ischemic brain injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen term newborns (age, 9 hours to 8 days; mean age, 2.6 days) with perinatal brain ischemia were evaluated using LSDI (1520/62.5/1 [TR/TE/excitations]) (b maximum = 750 s/mm2) and T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo (conventional) MR imaging. Follow-up examinations were performed in seven patients and autopsy in one. Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) were measured in deep gray matter, white matter, the cortex, and focal lesions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on conventional MR imaging or pathologic findings, patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 (n = 12) had symmetric/diffuse injury consistent with global hypoperfusion. Group 2 (n = 7) had focal/multifocal injury suggesting cerebrovascular occlusion. ADCs were abnormal at initial examination in 10 newborns in group 1 and in all newborns in group 2. The results of LSDI were abnormal before conventional MR imaging was performed in three newborns in group 1. ADCs were maximally decreased between days 1 and 3 in deep gray matter, perirolandic white matter, and focal lesions. Delayed decreases in ADCs were observed in subcortical white matter from days 4 through 10 in three patients in group 1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After global hypoperfusion, LSDI showed deep gray matter and perirolandic white matter lesions before conventional MR imaging. LSDI may underestimate the extent of injury, however, possibly because of variations in the compartmentalization of edema, selective vulnerability, and delayed cell death. Differences in LSDI of symmetric/diffuse and focal/multifocal lesions may reflect differences in pathophysiology or timing of the injury. These findings may have implications for acute interventions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ben-Sira
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Mulkern
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Robson
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Rivkin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: du Plessis
mesh_terms: D001238:Asphyxia Neonatorum / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D001925:Brain Damage, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004058:Diffusion; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male