title: The effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury in rabbits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oxygen-derived free radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of spinal cord neuronal injury after both trauma and ischemia-reperfusion. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active component of propolis extract, exhibits antioxidant properties. This experimental study was designed to determine the effect of CAPE on ischemia-reperfusion of spinal cord in rabbits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-one New Zealand white rabbits were used in the study. The animals undergone aortic occlusion were divided into three groups each consisting of 11 rabbits: methylprednisolone (MP), CAPE, and control. CAPE 10 micromol/kg, methyl prednisolone (MP) 30 mg/kg or similar dose saline were injected intraperitoneally before surgical intervention. Animals were subjected to 21 min of cross-clamp time. At the end of occlusion time, the clamps were removed and restoration of the blood flow was verified visually. Animals in sham group (n = 8) underwent a surgical procedure similar to the other groups but the aorta was not occluded. Neurological status was scored by assessment of hindlimb motor function deficit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The scores in CAPE group was different from control groups at 48 h (3.91+/-0.5 vs. 2.91+/-0.7; P = 0.0013). Spinal cord specimens were obtained to determine the tissue levels of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and histological changes. Malondialdehyde levels in control group were increased significantly when compared to sham group (124.22+/-24.36 and 41.92+/-10.08 nmol/g wet tissue, P = 0.0003). MDA levels in the CAPE group were lower than MP group and differences between the two groups were statistically significant (56.77+/-15.265 and 107.74+/-19.31 nmol/g wet tissue, P = 0.0001). We did not observe additional tissue injury in CAPE group when compared to control group. SOD and CAT activities were not concordant in all the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that CAPE may be an available agent to protect the spinal cord from ischemia-reperfusion injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Inonu University, Turgut Ozal Medical Center, Malatya, Turkey. atillai@hotmail.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ilhan
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Koltuksuz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Uz
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ciralik
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Akyol
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000494:pharmacology; D009068:Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011817:Rabbits; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D020760:Spinal Cord Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002109:Caffeic Acids; D016328:NF-kappa B; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; C055494:caffeic acid phenethyl ester; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol; D008775:Methylprednisolone