title: Effects of growth hormone supplementation on left ventricular morphology and myocyte function with the development of congestive heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Release of growth hormone (GH), putatively through alterations in insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels, has been implicated to influence left ventricular (LV) myocardial structure and function. The objective of this study was to determine contributory mechanisms by which GH supplementation may influence LV function with the development of congestive heart failure (CHF).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pigs were assigned to the following groups: (1) chronic pacing at 240 bpm for 3 weeks (n = 10), (2) chronic pacing and GH supplementation (200 microg x kg(-1) x d(-1), n = 10), and (3) controls (n = 8). GH treatment increased IGF-1 plasma levels by nearly 2.5-fold throughout the pacing protocol. In the untreated pacing CHF group, LV fractional shortening was reduced and peak wall stress increased. In the pacing CHF and GH groups, LV fractional shortening was higher and LV wall stress lower than untreated CHF values. Steady-state myocyte velocity of shortening was reduced with pacing CHF and was unchanged from CHF values with GH treatment. In the presence of 25 nmol/L isoproterenol, the change in myocyte shortening velocity was reduced in the untreated CHF group and increased in the GH-treated group. LV sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase abundance was reduced with pacing CHF but was normalized with GH treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short-term GH supplementation improved LV pump function in pacing CHF as a result of favorable effects on LV remodeling and contractile processes. Thus, GH supplementation may serve as a novel therapeutic modality in developing CHF.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403, USA.
authors.forename: W V
authors.initials: WV
authors.lastname: Houck
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Kribbs
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Clair
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: McDaniel
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Krombach
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Merritt
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pirie
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Iannini
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Spinale
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D013552:Swine; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D013006:Growth Hormone; D009638:Norepinephrine