title: Safety of warfarin anticoagulation in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Venous limb gangrene has been reported to occur after high warfarin doses in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), and this observation has been used to exclude warfarin management in this condition. The outcome of patients receiving modest doses of warfarin was studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study of 114 consecutive HIT patients who received diagnoses by platelet aggregometry; 51 of the 114 patients received warfarin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary-care medical center.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-five patients received warfarin for non-HIT indications, and 16 received warfarin for heparin-associated thrombosis. Warfarin was given to 23 patients (47%) 2.4 +/- 0.4 days prior to the onset of HIT, in 19 while receiving IV heparin for an overlap of 2.7 +/- 0.4 days. Twenty-eight patients (53%) received warfarin 2.8 +/- 1.0 days after the diagnosis of HIT. Patients received 11 +/- 1 doses of warfarin over 16 +/- 2 days, with a mean daily dose of 3.5 +/- 0.5 and a maximum dose of 9 +/- 0.5 mg. Prothrombin time at discharge was 17.3 +/- 0.4 s with a maximum of 22.8 +/- 0.8. The final international normalized ratio was 2.9 +/- 0. 3, and the maximum was 7.5 +/- 1.4. The minimum therapeutic range was reached in 59% of determinations. When compared to the 63 patients who did not receive warfarin, warfarin patients received more IV heparin (86% vs 41%; p < 0.001), open heart surgery (78% vs 43%; p < 0.001), and had a lower mortality (8% vs 43%; p < 0.001), but had no differences in thrombosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Modest doses of warfarin were not associated with a worse outcome in patients with HIT.
authors.affiliation: Midwest Heart Specialists, Ltd., Downers Grove, IL, USA.
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Wallis
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Quintos
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wehrmacher
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Messmore
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology; D006493:Heparin / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects; D010976:Platelet Count; D011517:Prothrombin Time; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012449:Safety; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014859:Warfarin / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D014859:Warfarin; D006493:Heparin