title: APOE-epsilon4 is associated with less frontal and more medial temporal lobe atrophy in AD.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that the e4 allele of APOE is associated with a region-specific pattern of brain atrophy in AD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Volumes of the hippocampi, entorhinal cortices, and anterior temporal and frontal lobes were measured in 28 mild to moderate AD patients and 30 controls using MRI. Within the AD group, 14 patients were noncarriers (-/-), 9 were heterozygous (e4/-), and 5 were homozygous (e4/4) for the e4 allele. Dementia severity was similar across the three AD groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Smaller volumes were found with increasing dose of the e4 allele in the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and anterior temporal lobes in AD patients. When compared with controls, the volume loss in the right and left temporal regions ranged from -15.3 to -22.7% in the -/- AD group, from -26.2 to -36.0% in the e4/- group, and from -24.0 to -48.0% in the e4/4 group (p < 0.0005). In contrast, larger volumes were found in the frontal lobes with increasing e4 gene dose. When compared with controls, volume differences of the right frontal lobe were -11.8% in the -/- AD group, -8.5 in the e4/- group, and -1.4% in the e4/4 group (p = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found smaller volumes in the temporal lobe regions but larger volumes in the frontal lobes with increasing APOE-e4 gene dose in AD patients. These data suggest a region-specific biological effect of the e4 allele in the brains of AD patients.
authors.affiliation: IRCCS San Giovanni di Dio-FBF, Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Geroldi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pihlajamäki
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Laakso
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: DeCarli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Beltramello
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bianchetti
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Soininen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trabucchi
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Frisoni
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D001284:Atrophy; D018728:Entorhinal Cortex / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000473:pathology*; D018628:Gene Dosage; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D001057:Apolipoproteins E