title: Enhanced staging and all chemotherapy preoperatively in patients with potentially resectable gastric carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with local-regional gastric carcinoma have a low rate of curative resection (R0) because of the advanced stage at diagnosis and suboptimal clinical staging. This study was designed to improve clinical staging with the use of laparoscopy and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and to improve R0 resection rates and tolerance by delivering all chemotherapy preoperatively in patients with potentially resectable gastric carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients with histologic proof of localized adenocarcinoma of the stomach underwent a staging laparoscopy before registration. EUS was performed when feasible. The intention was to administer up to five courses of preoperative chemotherapy consisting of fluorouracil (500 mg/m(2)/d as a continuous infusion on days 1 through 5 and as a bolus on days 12 and 19), interferon alfa-2b (3 million units subcutaneously three times a week for 3 weeks), and cisplatin (15 mg/m(2)/d as a bolus on days 1 through 5). After chemotherapy, surgery was attempted to remove the primary and regional lymph nodes. Clinical response and EUS staging were correlated with surgical pathology. The feasibility of this approach, resection rates, patient survival, and patterns of failure also were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 30 patients enrolled were assessed for toxicity, response, and survival. Nineteen men and 11 women were enrolled. The median number of courses delivered per patient was three (range, one to five courses). Fourteen patients (47%) received all five preoperative courses of chemotherapy. The overall clinical response rate was 34%. Twenty-nine patients (97%) underwent attempted resection. Twenty-five (83%) had an R0 resection. Two patients (7%) had no evidence of carcinoma in the surgical specimen, and three had only microscopic carcinoma (>/= 90% necrosis). Posttreatment EUS findings did not correlate well with surgical pathology. The median duration of follow-up was 30 months (range, 5 months to 65+ months). The median survival time for 30 patients, calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method, was 30 months (range, 5 months to 65+ months). There were no cases of grade 4 toxicity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is feasible to administer prolonged preoperative therapy in patients with potentially resectable gastric carcinoma. Enhanced staging with laparoscopy and EUS helped in proper selection of patients and better characterization of the stage.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology and Digestive Diseases and Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030-4095, USA. jajani@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ajani
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Mansfield
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Pisters
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Feig
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dumas
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Raijman
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hargraves
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Curley
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Ota
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D019160:Endosonography; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D002945:Cisplatin; D005472:Fluorouracil