title: Pharmacokinetic determinants of cocaine's differential effects on locomotor and operant behavior.
abstract: Dose-response, effect-time and concentration-effect relations of intravenous cocaine (1-4 mg/kg) were investigated on contingency-controlled [fixed-ratio (FR) 70 performance] and unconditioned (locomotor activity) behaviors. Cocaine dose-response curves exhibited decreasing rates of response under the FR 70 schedule but increasing locomotor activity in a dose-related fashion. Effect-time profiles confirmed that these changes were time-dependent and provided additional clarity by mirroring the biexponential decay of cocaine concentrations with time. The duration of action of cocaine was comparatively shorter on locomotor activity than on FR performance. We integrated effect-time profiles of the two behaviors with concentration-time profiles simulated from our previously published pharmacokinetic parameters to derive cocaine's pharmacodynamic parameters. Classical inhibitory Emax and sigmoidal Emax models were used to describe cocaine's effects on FR performance and locomotor activity, respectively. Simultaneous pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling reveals evidence of acute tolerance to cocaine in locomotor activity, as indicated by decreasing potency with dose, but not in contingency-controlled behavior.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick 08854-0820, USA. clau@rci.rutgers.edu
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lobarinas
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: K N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Falk
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003042:Cocaine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D003216:Conditioning, Operant / Q000187:drug effects*; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012055:Reinforcement Schedule; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D003042:Cocaine