title: Suppression of agglomeration in fluidized bed coating. III. Hofmeister series in suppression of particle agglomeration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fourteen kinds of salts consisting of various cations and anions in the Hofmeister series were used as additives for suppression of particle agglomeration in the fluidized bed coating. We attempted to clarify the relationship between the suppression effect of the salts and the Hofmeister series of their consistent ions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fluidized bed coating was carried out with hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) aqueous coating solution containing the salts and Celphere as core particles. To elucidate the salting-out power of the salts for HPMC, the transmittance of the coating solutions at 600 nm was measured at various temperatures and the phase separation temperature (T(PS)) was determined from the values at 50% transmittance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A high suppression effect was observed when the salts including high order ions in the Hofmeister series were added to the coating solution. T(PS) decreased in the presence of the salts except for sodium iodide and sodium thiocyanate and lowered with the higher order ion in the Hofmeister series. The particle agglomeration was suppressed with decrease in T(PS) of the HPMC aqueous coating solution.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It has been suggested that the suppression effect of a salt on the particle agglomeration depended on the salting-out power of the salt. We regard sodium citrate and potassium citrate as very useful pharmaceutical additives for the suppression of particle agglomeration in actual pharmaceutical coating.
authors.affiliation: Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Hachioji, Japan. tn96135@ps.toyaku.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yuasa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kanaya
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D004339:Drug Compounding; D005079:Excipients; D065347:Hypromellose Derivatives; D008747:Methylcellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D010316:Particle Size; D011208:Powders; D012492:Salts; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D005079:Excipients; D011208:Powders; D012492:Salts; D065347:Hypromellose Derivatives; D008747:Methylcellulose