title: Comparative bioavailability evaluation of two cyclosporine oral formulations in healthy Mexican volunteers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of conventional cyclosporine (Sandimmune) requires great care, as this drug exhibits a narrow therapeutic index and wide interindividual variability in its pharmacokinetics. Recently, a new microemulsion formulation (Neoral) was developed. With this formulation, cyclosporine is absorbed at the small intestine without the presence of bile. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the bioavailability of cyclosporine after the administration of conventional and microemulsion formulations in healthy Mexican volunteers in order to approach the optimal dosage regimen of microemulsion in the Mexican population.
  
  
  METHODS
  The trial was conducted using 23 healthy volunteers according to a randomized crossover design. Volunteers received one 7.5-mg/kg dose as each formulation, with a 1-week washout period between treatments. Blood samples of 0.5 mL were obtained according to the following schedule: 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, and 24 h after medication.
  
  
  RESULTS
  These indicated that Cmax and AUC0-24 values were higher with the microemulsion than with the conventional formulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The microemulsion had a better absorption profile than the conventional formulation, because plasma levels with the conventional formulation demonstrated oscillations rather than reflecting an erratic absorption. Lower doses of the microemulsion are required to obtain Cmax values similar to those obtained with conventional cyclosporine.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Hematología, Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México, D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: González-Llaven
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Palma-Aguirre
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: García-Arreola
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Brizuela
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nava-Rangel
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morán-Lira
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vela-Ojeda
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Castañeda-Hernández
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Flores-Murrieta
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D001682:Biological Availability; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004339:Drug Compounding; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D014838:Volunteers
chemical_list: D016572:Cyclosporine