title: Urinary monitoring of saccharin and acesulfame-K as biomarkers of exposure to these additives.
abstract: A method was developed to determine the levels of two intense sweeteners, saccharin and acesulfame-K, in human urine. Measurement of these two analytes in urine allowed an assessment to be made of dietary exposure to the sweeteners using intake/excretion curves. This paper describes an intake/excretion study in which 22 volunteers consumed known amounts of saccharin and acesulfame-K at five different levels ranging between 1.4 and 70 mg of saccharin (0.7-30% of the ADI for a 60 kg person) and 2.2-102 mg of acesulfame-K (0.4-19% of the ADI for a 60 kg person). Urine collections were then carried out by the volunteers for 24 h after each dose. The data obtained from this study were used to construct intake/excretion curves for both sweeteners. To test the methodology developed, 188 volunteers aged between 3 and 74 years were asked to carry out a 24-h urine collection whilst keeping a 48-h food diary. Comparison of the intake data obtained using the biomarker approach with the questionnaire-based results was generally good, although discrepancies due to the format and assessment of the questionnaire data were noticed.
authors.affiliation: MAFF CSL Food Science Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Colney, UK.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wilkinson
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Crews
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Dick
authors.forename: V L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Dumsday
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D002648:Child; D004032:Diet; D015930:Diet Records; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012439:Saccharin / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D013549:Sweetening Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D013843:Thiazines / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D013549:Sweetening Agents; D013843:Thiazines; D012439:Saccharin; C006362:acetosulfame