title: Retinohypothalamic projections in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus): A study using cholera toxin subunit B.
abstract: Retinal projections in vertebrates reach the primary visual, accessory optic, and circadian timing structures. The central feature of the circadian timing system is the principal circadian pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. The direct projections from the retina to the SCN are considered the entrainment pathway of the circadian timing system. In this study, unilateral intravitreal injections of cholera toxin subunit B were used to trace the retinal projections to the marmoset hypothalamus. The retinohypothalamic tract reaches the ventral suprachiasmatic nucleus bilaterally, as anticipated from previous studies. However, labeled fibers were found in several other hypothalamic regions, such as the medial and lateral preoptic areas, supraoptic nucleus, anterior and lateral hypothalamic areas, retrochiasmatic area, and subparaventricular zone. These results reveal new aspects of retinohypothalamic projection in primates and are discussed in terms of their implications for circadian as well as noncircadian control systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970 Natal, RN, Brazil. mstela@cb.ufrn.br
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: U R
authors.initials: UR
authors.lastname: Santee
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Cavalcante
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Moraes
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Britto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002144:Callithrix / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000502:physiology; D009434:Neural Pathways; D009897:Optic Chiasm / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D011301:Preoptic Area / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D012160:Retina / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D013493:Suprachiasmatic Nucleus / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D014795:Visual Pathways
chemical_list: D002772:Cholera Toxin