title: Effect of accessory pulmonary blood flow on survival after the bidirectional Glenn procedure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The bidirectional Glenn procedure (BDG) is used in the staged surgical management of patients with a functional single ventricle. Controversy exists regarding whether accessory pulmonary blood flow (APBF) should be left at the time of BDG to augment systemic saturation or be eliminated to reduce volume load of the ventricle. The present study was a retrospective review of patients undergoing BDG that was conducted to assess the influence of APBF on survival rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 1986 through 1998, 149 patients have undergone BDG at our institution. Ninety-three patients had elimination of all sources of APBF, whereas 56 patients had either a shunt or a patent right ventricular outflow tract intentionally left in place to augment the pulmonary blood flow provided by the BDG. The operative mortality rate was 2.2% without APBF and 5.4% with APBF. The late mortality rate was 4.4% without APBF and 15.1% with APBF. Actuarial analysis demonstrates a divergence of the Kaplan-Meier curves in favor of patients in whom APBF was eliminated (P<0.02). One hundred seven patients have subsequently undergone completion of their Fontan operation, so the actuarial analysis includes the operative risk of this second operation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that the elimination of APBF at the time of BDG may confer a long-term advantage for patients with a functional single ventricle.
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Institute, Children's Hospital-San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA. rmainwar@nemours.org
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Mainwaring
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lamberti
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uzark
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Spicer
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Cocalis
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D018729:Fontan Procedure; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation; D016019:Survival Analysis