title: Decreased degradation of collagen and fibronectin following exposure of proximal cells to glucose.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Thickening and reduplication of the tubular basement membrane has been reported as an early event in diabetic nephropathy. The aim of the work outlined here was to examine the effects and mechanisms involved in the modulation of renal proximal tubular type-IV collagen and fibronectin turnover by glucose.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effect of glucose on type-IV collagen and fibronectin generation was studied by exposure of primary cultures of human renal proximal tubular cells (HPTC) to elevated D-glucose concentrations. Subsequently the mechanism of modulation of fibronectin generation was examined in a polarised system utilising the porcine proximal tubular cell line LLC-PK1 grown on porous tissue culture inserts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Incubation of confluent growth-arrested HPTC with 25 mM D-glucose led to the accumulation of both type-IV collagen and fibronectin. This increase was not dependent on new gene transcription for either protein. Exposure of HPTC to 25 mM D-glucose also led to the induction of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2) and also gelatinase A. There was, however, a net decrease in overall gelatinolytic activity. Incubation of confluent monolayers of LLC-PK1 cells grown on tissue culture inserts with 25 mM D-glucose on either their apical or basolateral aspect led to fibronectin accumulation seen only in the basolateral compartment. Under these experimental conditions, we can demonstrate polyol pathway activation, and furthermore the increase in fibronectin concentration in response to glucose was inhibited by the aldose reductase inhibitor sorbinil. Fibronectin accumulation was also demonstrated following both apical and basolateral addition of 1 mM sorbitol, but not following the addition of 25 mM galactose to either aspect of the cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data demonstrate that the glucose-induced accumulation of type-IV collagen and fibronectin was associated with alterations in the degradative pathway of these matrix components. In addition fibronectin generation in response to glucose was non-polar in terms of application of glucose, but polar in terms of fibronectin accumulation. The mechanisms of glucose-induced modulation of fibronectin were mediated by polyol pathway activation, and more specifically related to the metabolism of sorbitol to fructose.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nephrology, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff Royal Infirmary, Cardiff, Wales, UK.
authors.forename: A O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Morrisey
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Steadman
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism*; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007687:Kidney Tubules, Proximal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011108:Polymers / Q000378:metabolism; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D005353:Fibronectins; D011108:Polymers; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; C024617:polyol; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D003094:Collagen; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; D005947:Glucose