title: Mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade in breast cancer.
abstract: The mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase is considered to play a central role in diverse cellular events including carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Indeed, expression of MAP kinase, tyrosine-phosphorylated MAP kinase, and Raf-1 protein was greater in cancerous human tissues than in the surrounding noncancerous glands. In a 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced rat mammary carcinoma model, estrogen promoted and ovariectomy and antiestrogen, tamoxifen (TAM) inhibited the tumor growth. Ovariectomy suppressed expression of MAP kinase, tyrosine-phosphorylated MAP kinase and Raf-1, whereas estrogen as well as TAM induced expression of MAP kinase and Raf-1 under castrated conditions. Since it was reported that MAP kinase was activated during the progression of breast carcinoma cells, such estrogenic actions of TAM toward the MAP kinase cascade might be responsible for malignant progression.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Gunma University School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan. maemuram@sb.gunma-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maemura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iino
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koibuchi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokoe
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morishita
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D020847:Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000494:pharmacology; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism; D008934:Mitogens / Q000378:metabolism*; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D020847:Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D004967:Estrogens; D008934:Mitogens; D013629:Tamoxifen; D011494:Protein Kinases; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf