title: Inhibition of DNA methyltransferase stimulates the expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1, 2, and 3 genes in colon tumor cells.
abstract: Inhibitors of DNA methyltransferase, typified by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR), induce the expression of genes transcriptionally down-regulated by de novo methylation in tumor cells. We utilized gene expression microarrays to examine the effects of 5-Aza-CdR treatment in HT29 colon adenocarcinoma cells. This analysis revealed the induction of a set of genes that implicated IFN signaling in the HT29 cellular response to 5-Aza-CdR. Subsequent investigations revealed that the induction of this gene set correlates with the induction of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1, 2, and 3 genes and their activation by endogenous IFN-alpha. These observations implicate the induction of the IFN-response pathway as a major cellular response to 5-Aza-CdR and suggests that the expression of STATs 1, 2, and 3 can be regulated by DNA methylation. Consistent with STAT's limiting cell responsiveness to IFN, we found that 5-Aza-CdR treatment sensitized HT29 cells to growth inhibition by exogenous IFN-alpha2a, indicating that 5-Aza-CdR should be investigated as a potentiator of IFN responsiveness in certain IFN-resistant tumors.
authors.affiliation: The Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Karpf
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Rawlins
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Dalley
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Albertsen
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001374:Azacitidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms; D015254:DNA Modification Methylases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D000077209:Decitabine; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000235:genetics; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000235:genetics; D007372:Interferons / Q000235:genetics*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; D050795:STAT2 Transcription Factor; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; C494079:STAT1 protein, human; D050795:STAT2 Transcription Factor; C494084:STAT2 protein, human; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494086:STAT3 protein, human; D015534:Trans-Activators; D016899:Interferon-beta; D000077209:Decitabine; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D007372:Interferons; D015254:DNA Modification Methylases; D001374:Azacitidine