title: Protective Effect of Broccoli, Onion, Carrot, and Licorice Extracts against Cytotoxicity of N-Nitrosamines Evaluated by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium Bromide Assay.
abstract: The protective effect of nine fruit and vegetable aqueous (H(2)O) and ethanolic (EtOH) extracts against the cytotoxicity of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR), N-nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA), and N-nitrosopiperidine (NPIP) was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The fruit extracts under investigation did not show a protective effect against any N-nitrosamines tested. Four vegetable extracts exhibited a protective effect (to 100% of survival) and a stimulation of cellular proliferation (>100% of survival) in decreasing order against NDMA and NPYR: broccoli(EtOH) > onion(H2O) > carrot(EtOH) > onion(EtOH) > licorice(H2O). Decreasing orders against NDBA and NPIP were, respectively, broccoli(EtOH) > licorice(H2O) > carrot(EtOH) > onion(EtOH) and broccoli(EtOH) > carrot(EtOH) > licorice(H2O) > onion(EtOH). Thus, broccoli(EtOH) extract (19-20 mg/mL) showed greater protective effect and stimulation of cellular proliferation (160% of survival) against all N-nitrosamines studied than the other vegetable extracts tested.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología III, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cambero
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ikken
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Marín
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Haza
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Morales