title: Quantitation of monosaccharide isotopic enrichment in physiologic fluids by electron ionization or negative chemical ionization GC/MS using di-O-isopropylidene derivatives.
abstract: The aldonitrile pentaacetate and other derivatives lack ions in the electron ionization (EI) spectra possessing an intact hexose structure and thus must be analyzed by chemical ionization GC/MS in order to study multiple isotopomers. We report methods for quantitation of hexose di-O-isopropylidene acetate (IPAc) or pentafluorobenzoyl (PFBz) esters. These were prepared in a two-step procedure using inexpensive reagents that do not adversely impact the isotopomer structure of the sugar. The acetate derivative possesses an abundant [M - CH3] ion in the EI spectrum which is suitable for quantitative analysis of isotopomers. The negative chemical ionization (NCI) spectrum of the corresponding pentafluorobenzoyl derivative has a dominant molecular anion. Moreover, the PFBz derivative is about 100-fold more sensitive than the acetate, which offers some advantages for analysis of minor hexoses found in plasma. Isotopic calibration curves of [U-13C]glucose are linear over the 0.1-60% tracer/tracee range tested. The useful range for isotopic tracer studies is 25-2500 pmol for EI analysis of the acetate derivative and 0.1-55 pmol for NCI analysis of PFBz derivative (sample amount injected). For most studies where sample size is not limited, EI-GC/MS analysis of the IPAc derivative is preferred. NCI-GC/MS analysis is reserved when sample size is limiting or when studies involve hexoses other than glucose that are normally present at low concentration.
authors.affiliation: USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. david.l.hachey@vanderbilt.edu
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Hachey
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Parsons
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McKay
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Haymond
mesh_terms: D000475:Alkenes / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D009005:Monosaccharides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000475:Alkenes; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D009005:Monosaccharides