title: Characterization of riluzole-induced stimulation of large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels in rat pituitary GH3 cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Riluzole is known to be an inhibitor of glutamatergic neurotransmission. Transmitter release from nerve terminals can be regulated by the activity of large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K+(BKCa) channels.
  
  
  METHODS
  The ionic mechanism of actions of riluzole was investigated in neuroendocrine (GH3 and PC12 cells), using the whole-cell patch-clamp and inside-out excised patch configurations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In GH3 cells, riluzole at 0.3-100 mumol/L increased the amplitude of Ca(2+)-activated K+ current (IK(Ca)) in a concentration-dependent manner with a half maximal concentration of 5 mumol/L. The riluzole-induced increase in outward current was not be suppressed by glibenclamide (10 mumol/L) or apamin (200 nmol/L). However, iberiotoxin (200 nmol/L) or tetrandrine (10 mumol/L) can effectively suppress riluzole-induced IK(Ca). Under inside-out patch recording mode, riluzole (10 mumol/L) applied intracellularly can increase the opening probability of large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K+(BKCa) channels, but did not affect their single-channel conductance. The riluzole-induced change in the kinetic behavior of BKCa channels is due to an increase in mean open time and a decrease in mean closed time. Riluzole caused a left shift in the midpoint for voltage-dependent opening. Riluzole-stimulated activity of BKCa is independent on internal Ca2+. Riluzole (30 mumol/L) did not affect the amplitude of voltage-dependent K+ current, but it produced a slight reduction of L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ current. Under current clamp mode, riluzole (10 mumol/L) decreased the firing rate of action potentials induced by thyrotropin releasing hormone (10 mumol/L) in GH3 cells. In rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells, riluzole also increased the activity of BKCa channels without altering their channel conductance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that riluzole can stimulate the activity of BKCa channel in neuroendocrine cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Education and Research, Veterans General Hospital-Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001030:Apamin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005905:Glyburide / Q000494:pharmacology; D007424:Intracellular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D016716:PC12 Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D015175:Prolactinoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D019782:Riluzole / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012604:Scorpion Venoms / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D010455:Peptides; D015221:Potassium Channels; D012604:Scorpion Venoms; D001030:Apamin; C064719:iberiotoxin; D019782:Riluzole; D005905:Glyburide; D002118:Calcium