title: Syncope: etiology, management, and when to refer.
abstract: An abnormality of blood pressure control is by far the most likely cause of syncope in children; however, syncope in children may be due to primary cardiac dysrhythmias, particularly in the presence of structural heart disease. An appropriate work-up should include an ECG with a 60-second rhythm strip at first presentation. Tilt testing can usually wait until after a second occurrence on non-pharmacologic therapy. Patients who require more than a history and ECG by the algorithm in the Figure should probably be referred to a cardiologist familiar with the evaluation of syncope. The common form of neurally mediated syncope is also probably related to both breath-holding spells in toddlers, and to many of the cases of chronic fatigue syndrome.
authors.affiliation: MUSC, Charleston 29425, USA.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Saul
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D013575:Syncope / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D019462:Syncope, Vasovagal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D018667:Tilt-Table Test