Effects of abnormal light-rearing conditions on retinal physiology in larvae zebrafish.
OBJECTIVE
Anatomic studies have found that zebrafish retinal neurons develop in a sequential fashion. In addition, exposure to abnormal light-rearing conditions produces deficits in visual behavior of larvae zebrafish, even though there appears to be little effect of the light-rearing conditions on the gross morphology of the retina. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of abnormal light-rearing conditions on larvae zebrafish retinal physiology.


METHODS
Larvae zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to constant light (LL), constant dark (DD), or normal cyclic light (LD) from fertilization to 6 days postfertilization (dpf). After 6 days, the animals were placed into normal cyclic light and tested at 6 to 8, 13 to 15, and 21 to 24 dpf. Electroretinogram (ERG) responses to visual stimuli, consisting of various wavelengths and irradiances, were recorded. Comparisons were made across the three age groups and the three light-rearing conditions.


RESULTS
Deficits from the light-rearing conditions were seen immediately after exposure (6 8 dpf). The LL-condition subjects showed the greatest deficit in the UV and short-wavelength areas and the DD-condition subjects showed a slight deficit across the entire spectrum. At 13 to 15 dpf, the LL and DD groups showed an increase in sensitivity and by 21 to 24 dpf, the groups no longer differed from controls.


CONCLUSIONS
Abnormal lighting environments can adversely influence the physiological development of the larvae zebrafish retina. The pattern of damage that was seen in zebrafish is similar to that found in other vertebrates, including higher vertebrates. However, unlike higher vertebrates, the zebrafish appears to be capable of regeneration. This suggests that the zebrafish would be a viable model for light environment effects and neural regeneration.
Saszik
S
S
Department of Psychology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green 42101, USA.
Bilotta
J
J
D000818:Animals; D003623:Dark Adaptation; D004596:Electroretinography; D007814:Larva; D008027:Light / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011833:Radiation Injuries, Experimental / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012160:Retina / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D012162:Retinal Degeneration / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000502:physiology*