title: Treatment of childhood hypercholesterolemia with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the development of coronary artery disease in childhood and review the available literature regarding the safety and efficacy of hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) when used during childhood and adolescence.
  
  
  METHODS
  A MEDLINE search was performed for the period of January 1966 through January 1999 using the key terms hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia, and hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA reductase inhibitors. The search was further limited to English language, human study group, and all-child (0-18 y) age group.
  
  
  METHODS
  All clinical studies involving the use of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors exclusively during childhood or adolescence were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A mean low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration reduction of 25% can be obtained in children and adolescents treated with lovastatin, pravastatin, or simvastatin along with a lipid-lowering diet. The statins are generally well-tolerated in children and adolescents. Transient, asymptomatic elevations in creatine phosphokinase and hepatic transaminase concentrations have been reported in a small number of the children evaluated. Current data do not suggest any adverse effects on normal growth and sexual development in male adolescents, but formal evaluations have not been performed in female adolescents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors lovastatin, pravastatin, or simvastatin to diet therapy in children > or =10 years of age may be effective when diet therapy alone has failed to obtain the recommended maximum LDL-C concentration of 130 mg/dL. The use of statins during childhood and adolescence is generally safe, but large, long-term studies should be performed before statins are routinely prescribed to children with elevated cholesterol or lipoprotein concentrations.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, The University of Illinois at Chicago 60612, USA. bjacob1@uic.edu
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Duplaga
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors