title: Multilevel mediation modeling in group-based intervention studies.
abstract: This article proposes and evaluates a method to test for mediation in multilevel data sets formed when an intervention administered to intact groups is designed to produce change in individual mediator and outcome variables. Simulated data of this form were used to compare ordinary least squares (OLS) and two multilevel estimators of the mediated effect. OLS and multilevel standard error approximations were also evaluated and recommendations given for optimal estimator choice. These methods were applied to data from an existing substance use intervention to show the impact multilevel mediation modeling can have on the conclusions drawn from real-world evaluation studies.
authors.affiliation: Arizona State University, USA.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Krull
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: MacKinnon
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015982:Bias; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D015987:Effect Modifier, Epidemiologic; D006126:Group Processes; D006302:Health Services Research / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000592:standards*; D015397:Program Evaluation / Q000379:methods*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012107:Research Design