title: Evolution of genetic abnormalities in hepatocellular carcinomas demonstrated by DNA fingerprinting.
abstract: Hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) often contain subpopulations of cells showing heterogeneous differentiation within each tumour. The majority of HCCs first appear as well-differentiated lesions and proliferate with gradual dedifferentiation. The present study was designed to investigate the clonal diversity which is seen with progression in neoplasms. The degree of genomic heterogeneity of HCC nodules was assessed using the arbitrarily primed-polymerase chain reaction technique. Two or more sectors of 31 HCC nodules were needle-microdissected and amplified with two different arbitrary primers in appropriate conditions. In every HCC less than 6 mm in diameter (n=18, range 3-6 mm, mean diameter 4.7 mm), all sectors of each of these lesions had the same DNA fingerprint. All HCC nodules greater than 6 mm diameter (n=13, range 7-30 mm, mean diameter 15.4 mm) showed distinct DNA fingerprints in each sector sampled (p< 0. 05, compared with size less than 6 mm in diameter). When synchronous HCCs were present, no two tumour nodules had the same DNA fingerprint. These results suggest that a process of clonal evolution occurs in expanding HCC, with neoplasms more than 6 mm in diameter developing as multiple clones. The advent of laser capture microdissection technology makes such analysis much more rapid and easily applied. Studies of clonality in HCCs, including borderline cases, are made possible by the combination of these novel techniques.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Surgery, Royal Free and University College Medical School, Royal Free Hospital, London, U.K.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sirivatanauksorn
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sirivatanauksorn
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhattacharya
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Dhillon
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Kakkar
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Williamson
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Lemoine
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics*; D018450:Disease Progression; D004210:Dissection / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007834:Lasers; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm