title: Anti-globulin responses to rat and humanized CAMPATH-1 monoclonal antibody used to treat transplant rejection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antiglobulin responses are a significant limitation to the repeated use of murine monoclonal antibodies for treatment of transplant rejection. It is hoped that these might be largely overcome by using antibodies genetically engineered to resemble human antibodies.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have compared the responses in patients treated with the CD52 monoclonal antibodies CAMPATH-1G (rat IgG2b) or its humanized derivative, CAMPATH-1H (human immunoglobulin G1).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A majority of patients (15 of 17) made responses to the rat antibody, but there were no detectable responses to the humanized antibody (0 of 12).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although anti-idiotype responses are theoretically possible against humanized therapeutic antibodies and are especially likely to be provoked by cell-binding antibodies, these data show that humanization offers a significant reduction in immunogenicity, potentially allowing repeat courses of treatment.
authors.affiliation: Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Rebello
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hale
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Friend
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Cobbold
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Waldmann
mesh_terms: D000074323:Alemtuzumab; D000818:Animals; D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic / Q000097:blood*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology*; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000276:immunology*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000276:immunology; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D000074323:Alemtuzumab