title: Relationship between fossa-condylar position, meniscus position, and morphologic change in patients with Class II and III malocclusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate fossa-condylar-meniscus morphologic changes in patients with skeletal and dental Class III and Class II division 1 and 2 malocclusion to determine which type is related to internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and whether the variation of TMJ structure is related to a particular type of malocclusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-two pretreatment orthodontic patients, ranging in age from 10 to 27 years, underwent examination of the right and left TMJs with corrected Schöller's position radiographs. Bilateral TMJ relationships of the fossa-condyle were examined through subjective evaluation and linear and area measurements. In addition, in 20 of the 72 patients, meniscus positions and morphologic changes were imaged with a 0.5 T sagittal magnetic resonance imaging system on the right and left TMJ.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) The variation of condyle-fossa positions for identical types of malocclusion was very large. (2) Skeletal and functional Class III malocclusion patients demonstrated significantly more anteriorly positioned condyles. (3) Class II division 1 patients showed concentrically positioned condyles, but with slightly anterior displacement. (4) Class II division 2 patients demonstrated more posteriorly positioned condyles. (5) When condyles were in anterior or concentric positions, meniscus positions and morphology were normal and in concavoconcave shapes. (6) When condyles were in posterior positions, most meniscus positions were in normal or slightly anterior range and their shapes were also concavoconcave. The rest were significantly more anterior and their shapes were abnormal, as evidenced by thickened anterior bands.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Class III and Class II division 1 malocclusion demonstrated normal structure and function of the TMJ. Class II division 2 malocclusion was obviously associated with abnormal structure and function of the TMJ.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Norman Bethune University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), Changchun, P. R. China.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000209:etiology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000150:complications*; D008313:Malocclusion, Angle Class III / Q000150:complications*; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000473:pathology; D013701:Temporal Bone / Q000473:pathology; D019224:Temporomandibular Joint Disc / Q000473:pathology; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000209:etiology*