title: Effects of aqueous extracts of PM(10) filters from the Utah valley on human airway epithelial cells.
abstract: We hypothesized that the reduction in hospital respiratory admissions in the Utah Valley during closure of a local steel mill in 1986-1987 was attributable in part to decreased toxicity of ambient air particles. Sampling filters for particulate matter < 10 micrometer (PM(10)) were obtained from a Utah Valley monitoring station for the year before (year 1), during (year 2), and after (year 3) the steel mill closure. Aqueous extracts of the filters were analyzed for metal content and oxidant production and added to cultures of human respiratory epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells for 2 or 24 h. Year 2 dust contained the lowest concentrations of soluble iron, copper, and zinc and showed the least oxidant generation. Only dust from year 3 caused cytotoxicity (by microscopy and lactate dehydrogenase release) at 500 microgram/ml. Year 1 and year 3, but not year 2, dust induced expression of interleukin-6 and -8 in a dose-response fashion. The effects of ambient air particles on human respiratory epithelial cells vary significantly with time and metal concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, USA.
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Frampton
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Ghio
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Samet
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Carson
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Devlin
mesh_terms: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000633:toxicity*; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005374:Filtration; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D008168:Lung / Q000166:cytology*; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000494:pharmacology; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D013232:Steel; D014589:Utah; D014691:Ventilation; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D003603:Cytotoxins; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014867:Water; D013232:Steel