title: Anticholinergic bronchodilators.
abstract: Antimuscarinic treatment of airway disease has a long and colorful history leading to its present day use as an effective bronchodilator in chronic obstructed pulmonary disease (COPD) as well as an antisecretory drug for watery rhinorrhea. Present formulations are limited to ipratropium bromide, a safe and effective respiratory therapeutic. The bronchodilation from ipratropium, as documented by spirometry, has been well established both alone and in combination with albuterol. Evidence suggests that anticholinergics can affect other important aspects of COPD, such as dynamic hyperinflation, and further studies are warranted to confirm long-term physiologic effects and associated health outcomes. Finally, current development of the long-acting compound tiotropium has provided hope for the next generation of antimuscarinic agents represented by once-daily therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Research, Respiratory and Immunology, BoehringerIngelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut twitek@rdg.boehringer-ingelheim.com
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Witek
mesh_terms: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000420:Albuterol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006801:Humans; D009241:Ipratropium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008173:Lung Diseases, Obstructive / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000187:drug effects; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000188:drug therapy; D012602:Scopolamine Derivatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069447:Tiotropium Bromide; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists; D004338:Drug Combinations; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D012602:Scopolamine Derivatives; D009241:Ipratropium; D000420:Albuterol; D000069447:Tiotropium Bromide