title: Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the 5'-flanking region of the Sprague-Dawley rat thrombomodulin gene.
abstract: The 5'-flanking region of the rat thrombomodulin gene was cloned by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of adaptor-ligated rat genomic DNA fragment libraries, using primers derived from the coding sequences of the thrombomodulin cDNA and adaptor primers. By sequence analysis putative regulatory elements in the promoter domain were shown to include a TATA box and several conserved binding sites for stimulatory protein 1 (SP1) and activator protein 2 (AP2). The transcription factor activator protein 1 (AP1) binding site located in the 5'-flanking region may serve as a negative gene regulatory site for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). A potential retinoic acid response element (RARE) and a possible cAMP response element are located in the putative promoter region, suggesting a role for retinoic acid and cAMP in the induction of thrombomodulin gene expression. The rat thrombomodulin gene promoter sequence shows 89% homology to that of mouse and 77% homology to that of human.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock 72205, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Fink
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Hardin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hauer-Jensen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D020218:Response Elements; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D016385:TATA Box; D018180:Thrombomodulin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D050656:Transcription Factor AP-2; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor; D018180:Thrombomodulin; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D050656:Transcription Factor AP-2; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000242:Cyclic AMP