title: Association of ACE gene polymorphism with arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the relationship between the insertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphism of the ACE gene and arterial distensibility in patients with type 2 diabetes and healthy control subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Aortic and carotid arterial distensibility were evaluated by measuring aortic pulse-wave velocity (a-PWV) and carotid stiffness beta using an echo-tracking system in 137 patients with type 2 diabetes and 260 age-matched control subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  a-PWV and carotid stiffness beta were significantly higher in patients with type 2 diabetes than in age-matched control subjects (P < 0.05). Both stiffness beta and a-PWV were significantly higher in the patients with the II genotype than in those with the DD genotype (P < 0.001). In the control subjects, multiple regression analysis showed that age and decreased HDL cholesterol were independently associated with increased a-PWV (R2 = 0.244, P < 0.0001) and that age, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and BMI were independently associated with increased carotid stiffness beta (R2 = 0.454, P < 0.0001). In the patients with type 2 diabetes, age, gene dose of the I allele, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were independently associated with increased a-PWV (R2 = 0.545, P < 0.0001), and age, gene dose of the I allele, and systolic blood pressure were associated with increases in carotid stiffness beta (R2 = 0.314, P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggested that ACE polymorphism is associated with the impairment of aortic and carotid distensibility in patients with type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Taniwaki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawagishi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Emoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shoji
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hosoi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kogawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishizawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Morii
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000235:genetics*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001012:Aorta, Abdominal / Q000503:physiopathology; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000503:physiopathology; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common / Q000503:physiopathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003187:Compliance; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors; D012598:Sclerosis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase