title: Two mutations identified in the androgen receptor of the new human prostate cancer cell line MDA PCa 2a.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We have characterized the androgen receptor (AR) in a new human prostate cancer cell line, MDA PCa 2a, that has recently been established from a bone metastasis of a patient whose cancer exhibited androgen-independent growth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Androgen responsiveness of these cells was assessed by measuring the effect of DHT and R1881 on cell growth and PSA secretion. Scatchard analysis was used to characterize the affinity and abundance of AR protein. Using a PCR based strategy, genomic DNA of the entire coding region of AR gene was sequenced to identify possible mutations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  These cells express abundant AR (Nmax = 685 +/- 149 fmol./mg. protein), but the AR binding affinity (Kd) for DHT is only 25 nM, approximately 50-fold lower affinity than the mutated AR in LNCaP prostate cancer cells (Kd = 0.5 nM) or the wildtype AR in MCF-7 breast cancer cells (Kd = 0.4 nM). Two mutations, L701H and T877A, were identified in the ligand binding domain of the AR gene. Compared with LNCaP cells, the new cell line is significantly less responsive to DHT and R1881 as well as to other androgens such as testosterone, androstenedione, and DHEA. Similar to LNCaP cells, the ligand specificity of the AR in MDA PCa 2a cells appears to be relaxed and non-androgens such as progesterone and estradiol act as agonists although with less potency than in LNCaP cells. Interestingly, in the absence of androgens, the new cell line expresses 15-fold higher baseline levels of PSA than LNCaP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Two mutations were identified in the AR gene of the MDA PCa 2a cell line that are likely responsible for the decreased androgen sensitivity and altered ligand specificity observed in these cells. Thus, this new cell line with partial androgen responsiveness and PSA expression can serve as a functionally relevant model system of bone metastatic prostate cancer, and can be used to investigate the role of AR mutations in prostate cancer and its progression to androgen independence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA.
authors.forename: X Y
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Boyle
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Krishnan
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Navone
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Peehl
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Feldman
mesh_terms: D002455:Cell Division; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen