title: Movement related cortical source for elbow flexion in patients with branchial plexus injury after intercostal-musculocutaneous nerve crossing.
abstract: Nine patients with brachial plexus injury whose transected musculo-cutaneous nerves had been sutured with intercostal nerves were examined and the relationship between flexion of the operated elbow and the respiratory movement were shown. Three out of nine patients showed independent control of movement from respiration after regeneration. The primary motor cortex for either flexion of the elbow to the operated side or brisk voluntary inspiration was estimated in the medial vertex region of the frontal cortex by the dipole-tracing method in these three patients. The present results suggest that patients contract the biceps muscle reinnervated by the intercostal nerve independently from respiratory movements using the same primary motor cortex with trunk movements. Functional plasticity may occur in the patients using the primary trunk motor cortex for elbow flexion.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Physiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kanamaru
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Homma
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hara
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001917:Brachial Plexus / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery*; D004551:Elbow Joint / Q000294:innervation* / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004576:Electromyography; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor; D006801:Humans; D007366:Intercostal Muscles / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D007367:Intercostal Nerves / Q000601:surgery*; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D009416:Nerve Regeneration; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D012119:Respiration