title: 'Minimal-change hypertensive retinopathy' and 'arterial pre-hypertension', illustrated via ambulatory blood-pressure monitoring in putatively normotensive subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the 24 h blood-pressure (BP) pattern in subjects who were found to show some incipient signs of hypertensive retinopathy but had been diagnosed as normotensives by means of casual sphygmomanometry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Non-invasive ambulatory BP monitoring was performed in 25 caucasian subjects (16 M, 9 F; mean age 46 +/- 16 years) showing this type of retinal problem. A comparable number of controlled normotensive Caucasian subjects (15 M, 10 F; mean age: 48 +/- 15 years) without funduscopic signs of hypertensive retinopathy were investigated as a reference group. A series of BP tests over time was analysed by means of conventional biometry and chronobiological methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The biometric estimates suggest that the investigated subjects with incipient hypertensive retinopathy, although characterized by BP values below 140/90 mmHg, show a significantly higher daily systolic BP. The increase, however, is within WHO reference limits and is not associated with the abolition of the circadian BP rhythm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that the initial signs of hypertensive retinopathy may appear before BP elevation above WHO reference limits occurs. Because of this, it can be assumed that there is such a condition as 'minimal-change hypertensive retinopathy' associated with a haemodynamic picture of 'arterial pre-hypertension'.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cugini
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cruciani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Turri
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Regine
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gherardi
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Petrangeli
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Gabrieli
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology