title: Successful treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma with a nonmyeloablative allogeneic peripheral-blood progenitor-cell transplant: evidence for a graft-versus-tumor effect.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A 50-year-old man developed progressive pulmonary metastasis resistant to interferon alfa-2b treatment 7 months after he underwent left nephrectomy for stage III renal cell carcinoma. We performed a nonmyeloablative allogeneic peripheral-blood stem-cell transplant in this patient to exploit a possible graft-versus-tumor effect from allogeneic lymphocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The conditioning regimen consisted of fludarabine and cyclophosphamide followed by a T-cell replete, granulocyte-colony stimulating-factor-mobilized peripheral-blood stem-cell transplant from his HLA-identical brother. Cyclosporine was administered from days -4 to +45 to prevent graft rejection and acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serial polymerase chain reaction analysis of hematopoietic lineage-specific minisatellites initiallyshowed mixed chimerism in CD14(+) and CD15(+) myeloid cells, CD3(+) T cells, and CD34(+) progenitor cells, with rapid conversion to 100% donor T-cell chimerism by day +60 and 100% donor myeloid cells by day +100. Serial computed tomography scans of the chest showed stable disease at day +30, slight regression of pulmonary lesions at day +63, and complete disappearance of all pulmonary metastatic disease by day +110. Mild transient acute GVHD disease of the skin occurred on day +60 and limited chronic GVHD of the skin occurred by day +200.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The complete regression of metastatic disease, which has now been maintained for more than 1 year, is compatible with a graft-versus-tumor effect.
authors.affiliation: Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. childsr@nihh.gov
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Childs
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Clave
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tisdale
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Plante
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hensel
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barrett
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000473:pathology*; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020350:Graft vs Tumor Effect / Q000276:immunology*; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019172:Transplantation Conditioning / Q000379:methods; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014740:Vidarabine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D014740:Vidarabine; C024352:fludarabine