title: The Denver school-based adolescent hepatitis B vaccination program: a cost analysis with risk simulation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to compare the cost-effectiveness of a school-based hepatitis B vaccine delivery program with that of a vaccine delivery program associated with a network health maintenance organization (HMO).
  
  
  METHODS
  The vaccination program enrolled 3359 sixth-grade students from 18 middle schools in Denver, Colo. Immunization status and direct and indirect program costs were compiled. The sensitivity of the outcomes was assessed by simulation methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The per-dose cost-effectiveness ratio for the school-based delivery system was $31. This cost-effectiveness ratio remained stable when the model was simulated with costs that were underestimated or overestimated by 20%. In the network HMO, the direct cost per dose was $68 and the societal cost was $118 when the child's father worked full-time and the mother worked part-time. There is less than a 5% chance that the network HMO-based vaccination program could be more cost-effective than the school-based program.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cost per dose of the school-based program was significantly less than that of the network HMO-based program, because in the school program government-purchased vaccine was available at a lower cost and parents did not incur work-loss costs.
authors.affiliation: National Immunization Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga. 30333, USA. rgd3@cdc.gov
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Deuson
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Hoekstra
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sedjo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bakker
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Melinkovich
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Daeke
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Hammer
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goldsman
authors.forename: F N
authors.initials: FN
authors.lastname: Judson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003120:Colorado; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005260:Female; D006279:Health Maintenance Organizations / Q000191:economics*; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000191:economics* / Q000517:prevention & control; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015233:Models, Statistical; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012306:Risk; D012572:School Health Services / Q000191:economics*
chemical_list: D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines