title: Improved immunogenicity of a core-coated tetanus toxoid delivery system.
abstract: A new microparticulate delivery system composed of a stabilizing gelatin/poloxamer microcore surrounded by a PLGA coat was designed to improve the stability of tetanus toxoid (TT) encapsulated in PLGA microspheres. Microcores were prepared by a spray-congealing technique and encapsulated within PLGA using an oil-in-oil (o/o) solvent evaporation technique. SEM analysis of the cross-sections of the microcapsules revealed the adequate encapsulation of the cores, showing an intimate contact between the core and the coating. This structure was responsible for an osmotic phenomenon observed in vitro, which led to the release of the encapsulated TT in a short period of time. Nevertheless, it was observed that the release was affected by the presence of the poloxamer in the core: microspheres without poloxamer in the core exhibit a faster release (2 h) than those that incorporate the surfactant (24 h). The in vivo evaluation of this system showed that the encapsulated toxoid induced a low but continuous levels of neutralizing antibodies (Nt), whereas those obtained for the control (aluminum phosphate-adsorbed toxoid) decreased after reaching the maximum level at 14 weeks. Moreover, the administration of a mixture of encapsulated and adsorbed TT led to significant higher and more prolonged Nt levels than those measured for the adsorbed toxoid.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tobío
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Schwendeman
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McIver
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Langer
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Alonso
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004355:Drug Stability; D005079:Excipients / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D005780:Gelatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D008863:Microspheres; D020442:Poloxamer / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011108:Polymers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D005079:Excipients; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D011108:Polymers; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid; D020442:Poloxamer; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D005780:Gelatin