title: The importance of fluorescein angiography in planning laser treatment of diabetic macular edema.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that pretreatment fluorescein angiography (FA) is not necessary for effective laser treatment of patients with clinically significant diabetic macular edema (CSME).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, controlled treatment simulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six fellowship trained retina specialists.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors compared the ability of four retina specialists (observers) to plan laser treatment with and without the use of FA. One hundred consecutive cases of CSME were selected, each case consisting of a stereo pair of color photographs and a corresponding fluorescein angiogram. These cases were first read by two retina specialists who reached consensus on a treatment plan for each case (standard map). Each of the 4 observers reviewed 50 of these cases on 2 occasions and plotted 2 sets of treatment maps, 1 set created with and 1 without the aid of FA. Each observer's 100 treatment maps were graded for accuracy by comparing them to the corresponding standard maps. The role of FA in improving the accuracy of treatment maps was evaluated using logistic regression analysis to control for different observers, different cases, and different posterior pole characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Accuracy was defined as the proportion of standard treatment correctly treated by the observer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the observers as a group, the use of FA improved treatment planning accuracy from 49% to 54.5% (P = 0.02); however, there was significant interobserver variation in performance (P < 0.001). Treatment planning accuracy without and with FA was as follows: observer 1, 40.8% and 40.2%; observer 2, 49.8% and 72%; observer 3, 56.1% and 59.5%; and observer 4, 49.2% and 46.4%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of FA improves the accuracy of treatment planning for CSME. The authors' study supports the use of FA in laser treatment of patients with CSME.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill 27599-7040, USA. jkyl@med.unc.edu
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kylstra
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Jaffe
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gallemore
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Greven
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Eifrig
mesh_terms: D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D015588:Observer Variation; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D010781:Photography; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results