title: Complications of percutaneous insertion of Hickman catheters in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was a retrospective evaluation of insertion and management complications of percutaneous Hickman catheter lines in pediatric patients to investigate whether the complication rate is acceptable in comparison with other insertion methods or other age groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Over a period of 22 months a total of 27 Hickman catheters were inserted in 22 pediatric patients (20 oncological, 2 nononcological; age 6 weeks to 17.5 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-three of 36 insertion attempts (63.9%) were successful at first attempt. In another 4 patients, catheters were placed after repeated attempts. In an additional 4 patients, catheters were inserted by surgeons after percutaneous insertion failed. As immediate complications, 1 pneumothorax and 1 malposition were seen. Late complications included 1 to 29 (median, 8) days of fever in 15 patients, corresponding to 53 of 1,000 catheter days. Fourteen patients showed 21 positive blood cultures, including 11 cases of Staphylococcus epidermides, which might be related to the catheter. Antibiotics were given for a total of 1 to 130 (median, 35) days, that is 205 of 1,000 catheter days. No catheter was removed because of infectious complications. The total life span of the Hickman catheters was 1 to 371 (median, 163) days, the patients were in the hospital from 1 to 351 (median, 102) days because of their underlying disease. At the end of the study period, 8 of 27 (29.6%) catheters remained functioning in situ; 9 (33.3%) had been selectively removed. Two patients died with the catheter (7.4%) functioning well. Another 2 patients showed catheter thrombosis. Six catheters (22.2%) in 5 patients showed inadvertent dislodgement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percutaneous Hickman catheter insertion in pediatric patients is effective; however, complication rate is relevant, but not higher than percutaneous insertion of subclavian vein or Hickman catheters in adults.
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Skladal
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Horak
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maurer
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Simma
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies