title: Identifying stone composition using infrared analysis of filtered urine after ureteroscopic lithotripsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  With the development of small-caliber ureteroscopes and lithotripsy devices, it is now possible to perform intracorporeal stone fragmentation without dilatation of the ureteral orifice. Ureteral stones are typically fragmented into small particles that can be difficult to retrieve for stone analysis. Infrared spectroscopy (IRS) of the precipitate from urine after intracorporeal lithotripsy represents a method for obtaining stone analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 69 patients underwent ureteroscopic lithotripsy with the holmium laser or the electrohydraulic probe for stones in the ureter (N = 65) or kidney (N = 4). Each patient's bladder was then drained and the urine filtered. The resulting precipitate was analyzed using IRS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The amount of material for analysis was < or =1 mg in 56 patients (82%). Stone composition was positively identified in 44 patients (64%). Material suitable for analysis was recovered from 73% of patients when the bladder was drained with a cystoscope sheath compared with 43% when a urethral catheter was used (P = 0.03). There was no significant difference in pretreatment stone size in the patients who had a positive v a negative result (11.7 mm v 10.9 mm; P = 0.06). Similarly, the stone location was not significantly related to the likelihood of positive analysis (P = 0.29).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Straining the urine after ureteroscopic intracorporeal lithotripsy and analyzing the precipitate with IRS is able to identify stone composition in the majority of patients. This method is especially useful in the setting of holmium laser lithotripsy, in which the majority of the stone is converted to spontaneously passable particles.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Wollin
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Razvi
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Denstedt
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005374:Filtration; D006801:Humans; D007259:Infrared Rays; D007834:Lasers; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000628:therapy* / Q000652:urine; D018666:Ureteroscopy