title: Overexpression of s100beta in Down's syndrome: correlation with patient age and with beta-amyloid deposition.
abstract: S100beta is an astrocyte-derived uritotrophic' cytokine which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. S100beta overexpression by plaque-associated astrocytes correlates with growth of abnormal (strophic') neurites in beta-amyloid plaques, one of the major neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. As the characteristic neuropathological changes of Alzheimer's disease are virtually universal in middle-aged Down's syndrome patients, studies of Down's syndrome patients provide a unique opportunity to investigate the pathophysiological processes underlying the development of Alzheimer-type neuropathological changes. Computerized morphometric analysis was used to quantify astrocyte activation and astrocytic expression of S100beta, and to correlate these with beta-amyloid deposition, in a clinically well-characterized cohort of Down's syndrome subjects, aged 13-65 years. There were significant positive correlations between S100beta expression and patient age, and between S100beta expression and cerebral cortical beta-amyloid deposition. Moreover, the numbers of activated (enlarged) astrocytes overexpressing S100beta showed a significant correlation with the numeric density of beta-amyloid plaques, from the youngest to the oldest ages and within age ranges where pathology is most florid, while no such relationship was found between the numbers of small, non-activated S100beta-immunoreactive cells and numerical density of beta-amyloid plaques. These correlations, together with established functions of S100beta, are consistent with the idea that S100beta overexpression promotes beta-amyloid plaque formation and progression in Down's syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Park House, Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Royston
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: McKenzie
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Gentleman
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Sheng
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Mrak
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism*; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000378:metabolism*; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D009418:S100 Proteins