title: Hepatic expression of acute-phase protein genes during carcinogenesis induced by peroxisome proliferators.
abstract: Concern exists regarding peroxisome proliferator (PP) xenobiotic exposure because many PPs are potent hepatocarcinogens in rodents. The mechanism of carcinogenicity induced by PPs is atypical compared with those of other hepatocarcinogens in that the former appears to involve alterations in expression of PP-activated receptor (PPAR) target genes rather than direct mutagenicity. To begin to identify some of these genes, we used differential display to compare mRNA expression between hepatic adenomas and adjacent non-tumor liver from rats fed the potent PP Wy-14643 (WY) for 78 wk. Here, we report increased expression of the acute-phase protein (APP) gene alpha-1 antitrypsin (AT) and decreased expression of alpha2-urinary globulin in the tumors. Similar changes were seen in hepatic adenomas induced by a diethylnitrosamine and phenobarbital protocol, indicating a lack of specificity for PP-induced tumors. Additional APP genes, including ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin, beta-fibrinogen, and alpha1-acid glycoprotein were also upregulated in WY-induced tumors but were downregulated in the livers of rats administered a different PP for 13 wk. Mice treated with either WY or di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate for 3 wk had decreased hepatic AT expression but increased expression of ceruloplasmin and haptoglobin. PPARalpha-null mice showed no hepatic APP gene alteration after PP treatment but had higher basal expression than did wild-type controls. We conclude that PPARalpha activation by several different PPs leads to dysregulation of hepatic APP gene expression in rats and mice. This dysregulation may indicate alterations in cytokine signaling networks regulating both APP gene expression and hepatocellular proliferation.
authors.affiliation: Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA.
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Cattley
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Corton
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate / Q000633:toxicity; D004052:Diethylnitrosamine / Q000633:toxicity; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008830:Microbodies / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009961:Orosomucoid / Q000235:genetics*; D020025:Peroxisome Proliferators / Q000633:toxicity*; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D009961:Orosomucoid; D020025:Peroxisome Proliferators; D011743:Pyrimidines; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D014157:Transcription Factors; D004052:Diethylnitrosamine; C006253:pirinixic acid; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate