title: Release of deuterated nonenal during beer aging from labeled precursors synthesized in the boiling kettle.
abstract: The use of labeled nonenal enabled the demonstration that the appearance of the cardboard flavor in finished beer comes from lipid auto-oxidation during wort boiling and not from lipoxygenasic activity during mashing. Free trans-2-nonenal produced by linoleic acid auto-oxidation in the kettle disappears, owing to retention by wort amino acids and proteins. This binding linkage protects trans-2-nonenal from yeast reduction but is reversible, allowing release of the compound at lower pH during aging. Labeled trans-2-nonenal is detected after aging when deuterated precursors form in the boiling kettle. The amount of alkenal released correlates with the concentration of reversible associations in the pitching wort. This work brings new illumination to the formation of trans-2-nonenal and overturns many previous hypotheses. It also explains why a reduction in the beer pH intensifies the cardboard flavor.
authors.affiliation: Unité de Brasserie et des Industries Alimentaires, Université Catholique de Louvain, Place Croix du Sud 2/Bte 7, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Noël
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liégeois
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lermusieau
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bodart
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Badot
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Collin
mesh_terms: D000447:Aldehydes / Q000032:analysis*; D001515:Beer / Q000032:analysis*; D003903:Deuterium / Q000032:analysis; D005519:Food Preservation; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D009812:Odorants; D013649:Taste
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; C013166:2-nonenal; D003903:Deuterium