title: Treatment of patients with systemic sclerosis with extracorporeal photochemotherapy (photopheresis).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Effective treatment modalities for systemic sclerosis, a life-threatening and disabling disease, are still lacking. Possible efficacy of photopheresis has been reported in several studies. Because of the complexity of the treatment, placebo-controlled trials are difficult to perform.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the effect of photopheresis on clinical parameters (skin score and internal organ functions), immunologic parameters, and quality of life.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen patients with progressive systemic sclerosis of less than 5 years' duration were randomized into 2 groups. One group (group A) received photopheresis for 1 year, the other group (group B) received no treatment at all. After 1 year the groups switched (crossover design). Photopheresis was performed on 2 consecutive days every 4 weeks; the psoralens were administered parenterally. The main outcome parameter was the skin score after 1 year of treatment compared with that of the control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average skin score improved with 5.4% (standard error [SE], 20. 8%) in group A and deteriorated with 4.5% (SE, 13.8%) in group B (not significant; P =.71). Before crossover, the average increase in skin score was 5.3% (means of entire group). No change was observed in other clinical parameters. Approximately 1 year after crossover, the skin score reversed to what would have been expected with an average increase of 5.3% per year. There was also no effect on immunologic parameters. Quality of life did not change during treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We were not able to show that photopheresis, performed as described above, is an effective treatment in systemic sclerosis. The difference in average skin score was statistically and clinically insignificant. Despite the small sample size, we concluded that the magnitude of the observed changes is too small to justify photopheresis as a regular treatment.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Dermatology, Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Internal Medicine, and the Laboratory for Experimental and Clinical Immunology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam.
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Enomoto
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Mekkes
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Bossuyt
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Yong
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Out
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hoekzema
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: de Rie
authors.forename: P T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Schellekens
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: ten Berge
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: de Borgie
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Bos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017893:Photopheresis; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome