title: Specific fiber deficits in sensorimotor diabetic polyneuropathy correspond to cytotoxicity against neuroblastoma cells of sera from patients with diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Neuropathy is the most common complication of diabetes, and toxic serum factors may contribute to its genesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed neurotoxicity in the serum of 39 diabetic patients and correlated it with clinical measures of somatic and autonomic nerve fiber damage. Sera were applied to N1E-115 and VSC4.1 neuroblastoma cells in vitro as models of sensory/autonomic (S/A) and motor neurons, respectively. Neurotoxicity was measured as either complete or near-complete cell death (highly toxic), inhibited cell growth (moderately toxic), or normal cell proliferation (nontoxic) compared with pooled human serum controls during culture over 4 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was an inverse correlation between neurotoxicity and vibration perception threshold (P < 0.01). Age (P < 0.02), duration of diabetes (P < 0.02), and HbA1c (P < 0.03) correlated with neurotoxicity, suggesting that glycation may contribute to cytotoxicity in this model. S/A neurotoxicity occurred more frequently in the sera of patients with type 1 (19 of 25) than type 2 (5 of 14) diabetes (P < 0.02). None of the sera from either type 1 or type 2 diabetic patients displayed neurotoxicity on VSC4.1 cells, whereas sera from patients with motor neuropathy were highly toxic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These studies indicate that there is a relationship between the specific nerve fiber dysfunction in the patient and the type of neuronal cell killed, not only for diabetic neuropathy but also for known forms of autoimmune neuropathies. Such toxic factors may contribute to diabetic neuropathy by acting in concert with hyperglycemia to damage sensory/autonomic neurons.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Strelitz Diabetes Institutes, Norfolk, Virginia, USA. pittengl@evms.edu
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Pittenger
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Burcus
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Boulton
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Vinik
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death / Q000502:physiology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology*; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008875:Middle Aged; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000473:pathology*; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000473:pathology*; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000473:pathology; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000473:pathology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured