title: Pesticides in fermentative processes of wine.
abstract: The influence of six fungicides (azoxystrobin, cyprodinil, fludioxonil, mepanipyrim, pyrimethanil, and tetraconazole) on the fermentative activity of two yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kloeckeraapiculata) and two lactic bacteria (Leuconostoc oenos and Lactobacillus plantarum) was studied. The possibility of their being degraded by these yeasts and bacteria was also investigated. The presence of the pesticides did not affect alcoholic fermentation, not even with levels higher than those normally found in grapes in field experiments. On the contrary, their presence stimulated the yeast, especially K. apiculata, to produce more alcohol. The fermentative process did not affect the amount of pesticides either by degradation or by adsorption. During malolactic fermentation by Le. oenos, malic acid decreased slightly less (by approximately 15%) in the presence of all pesticides, except mepanipyrim. A lower effect ( approximately 5%) was found during the fermentative process with La. plantarum. The bacteria studied did not show a degradative effect on pesticides during malolactic fermentation.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Tossicologia, Università di Cagliari, viale Diaz 182, 09126 Cagliari, Italy. pcabras@unica.it
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cabras
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Angioni
authors.forename: V L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Garau
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Pirisi
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Farris
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Madau
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Emonti
mesh_terms: D004149:Dioxoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005285:Fermentation; D005511:Food Handling; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000187:drug effects; D007934:Leuconostoc / Q000187:drug effects; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000494:pharmacology; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000187:drug effects; D014920:Wine; D015003:Yeasts / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004149:Dioxoles; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D011743:Pyrimidines; D011758:Pyrroles; C108338:cyprodinil; C108337:pyrimethanil; C104083:mepanipyrim; C108339:fludioxonil