title: Effects of dobutamine on hemodynamics and left ventricular performance after cardiopulmonary bypass in cardiac surgical patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dobutamine is commonly used to improve ventricular performance after cardiopulmonary bypass. The authors determined the effect of dobutamine on hemodynamics and left ventricular performance immediately after cardiopulmonary bypass in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred patients received sequential 3-min infusions of dobutamine at 0-40 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1) immediately after cardiopulmonary bypass. Ten additional patients who received no dobutamine served as controls. Hemodynamics and left ventricular performance (fractional area change by transesophageal echocardiography, stroke volume index, and thermodilution cardiac index) were measured. Mixed-effects modeling accounted for repeated-measures data and interindividual differences and allowed for potential effects of covariates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Heart rate increased in a dose-dependent manner. The slope of HR versus dobutamine dose was steeper in individuals in whom peak dobutamine dose was not reached compared with that in the remaining individuals; slope decreased 2.71 +/- 0.68% per year of age. Dobutamine affected blood pressure minimally, but slightly decreased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and central venous pressure. Systemic vascular resistance initially increased with dobutamine 10 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1) and remained constant with larger doses. Dobutamine produced a dose-dependent increase in left ventricular performance, primarily by increasing heart rate, because stroke volume index decreased with dobutamine dose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that the response to graded dobutamine infusion in the post-cardiopulmonary bypass period differs from that previously reported. After cardiopulmonary bypass, the dominant mechanism by which dobutamine improves left ventricular performance is by increasing heart rate. Dobutamine affects blood pressure minimally.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco 94143, USA.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Romson
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Bellows
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bronstein
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Keith
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Moores
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Flachsbart
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pastor
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Fisher
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D004280:Dobutamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D004280:Dobutamine