title: Present and potential future use of gene therapy for the treatment of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (Review).
abstract: This review describes the latest approaches towards using gene therapy as a treatment for non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM; Type 2 diabetes). We examine attempts to directly deliver the insulin gene to non-beta-cells, to improve insulin secretion from existing beta-cells and to develop ex vivo approaches to implanting genetically modified cells. Future research into the pathology of non-insulin dependent diabetes, combined with the latest developments in gene delivery systems, may potentially make gene therapy an attractive alternative NIDDM treatment in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Leclerc
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Rutter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D017690:Cell Transplantation; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005813:Genes, Synthetic; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D005934:Glucagon / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D005941:Glucokinase / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D051273:Glucose Transporter Type 2; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000209:etiology; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016381:Islets of Langerhans Transplantation; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D051379:Mice; D008875:Middle Aged; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D000073718:Pancreatitis-Associated Proteins; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D001786:Blood Glucose; D051273:Glucose Transporter Type 2; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; D000073718:Pancreatitis-Associated Proteins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011498:Protein Precursors; D011506:Proteins; C000612141:REG3A protein, human; C490253:Reg3b protein, mouse; D015534:Trans-Activators; C084010:pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 protein; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D005934:Glucagon; C496320:NOS1 protein, human; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; C496321:Nos1 protein, mouse; C496322:Nos1 protein, rat; D005941:Glucokinase