title: Dimethacrylate monomers with varied fluorine contents and distributions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There are many unique properties associated with fluorinated polymers that make these materials attractive for use in the challenging oral environment. This study was devised to better define the influence of fluorine content and its structural distribution on properties of fluorinated resins and composites, especially with regard to their water-related and mechanical properties.
  
  
  METHODS
  A series of fluorinated dimethacrylate monomers was prepared by reaction of aromatic diepoxides with fluoroalcohols and subsequent conversion of the resulting diols to the methacrylates. Composites based on monomer systems comprised of the fluorinated monomers with 1,10-decamethylene dimethacrylate and reinforced with silanized quartz filler were evaluated for conversion, water contact angle, water sorption and diametral tensile strength.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By selection of reactants, fluorine was introduced as trifluoromethyl groups, extended fluoroalkyl pendant chains, or combinations of the two. Photopolymerization conversion among the experimental composites was generally equal to or greater than that of a conventional Bis-GMA/TEGDMA composite. While the water contact angles generally increased with fluorine content, no correlation was obtained between fluorine content and water sorption of the composites. The mechanical strength of the fluorinated composites showed a general decline with increasing fluorine content and consistent variations due to specific structural features.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A versatile route to fluorinated dimethacrylates with diverse structural and fluorine distribution patterns is presented. Composites from these monomers are very hydrophobic but have relatively low mechanical strength. The monomers described can be considered as useful additives to moderate the water sorption of conventional resins. However, the results of this study point to specific fluorinated resin structures that are expected to provide a more optimal balance between hydrophobicity and mechanical strength that will improve the long-term performance of dental composites.
authors.affiliation: Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8545, USA. jeffrey.stansbury@nist.gov
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Stansbury
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Antonucci
mesh_terms: D000438:Alcohols / Q000737:chemistry; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D004852:Epoxy Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D004853:Epoxy Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D005461:Fluorine / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D015394:Molecular Structure; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013718:Tensile Strength; D017155:Wettability
chemical_list: D000438:Alcohols; D003188:Composite Resins; D004852:Epoxy Compounds; D004853:Epoxy Resins; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D008689:Methacrylates; D005461:Fluorine