title: Human GHRH reduces voltage-gated K+ currents via a non-cAMP-dependent but PKC-mediated pathway in human GH adenoma cells.
abstract: 1. Whole-cell voltage-gated K+ currents and the K+ current response to growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) were characterised in primary cultures of human acromegalic somatotropes. 2. Both delayed rectifier (IK) and transient (IA) K+ currents were recorded from human somatotropes held at -80 mV and bathed in a solution containing Cd2+ (1 mM), TTX (1 microM) and a low concentration of Ca2+ (0.5 mM). Only IK was recorded, however, when a holding potential of -40 mV was used. 3. GHRH (10 nM) immediately and significantly reduced the amplitude of both IA and IK. While the reduction in the amplitude of IA was fully reversed following the removal of GHRH, the amplitude of IK had only partially recovered 10 min after GHRH removal. In addition, GHRH shifted the voltage-dependent inactivation curve of IA by 13.5 mV in the negative direction. 4. In a low Ca2+ and Cd2+-containing solution, the Ca2+-activated K+ channel blockers apamin (100 nM and 1 microM) and charybdotoxin (1 microM) did not alter K+ currents or the effect of GHRH on the recorded K+ currents. 5. The whole-cell K+ currents and their responses to GHRH were unaffected by the application of 8-bromo-cAMP (100 microM), Rp-cAMP (100 microM) or the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H89 (1 microM). In addition, intracellular dialysis of the PKA inhibitory peptide PKI (10 microM) had no effect on the K+ current response to GHRH. 6. While the application of protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors calphostin C (100 nM) or chelerythrine (1 microM) did not affect the amplitude of the K+ currents, the K+ current response to GHRH was significantly attenuated. Downregulation of PKC with phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu, 0.5 microM for 16 h) also abolished the K+ current response to GHRH. In addition, intracellular dialysis of somatotropes with the PKC inhibitory peptide PKC19-36 (1 microM) prevented the GHRH-induced decrease in the amplitude of the voltage-gated K+ currents. Local application of PDBu (1 microM) significantly reduced the amplitude of the voltage-gated K+ currents in a similar manner to that induced by GHRH, but without clear recovery upon removal. 7. This study demonstrates that GHRH decreases voltage-gated K+ currents via a PKC-mediated pathway in human adenoma somatotropes, rather than by the cAMP-PKA pathway that is usually implicated in the actions of GHRH.
authors.affiliation: Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research and Department of Neurosurgery, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Roh
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Loneragan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pullar
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D001030:Apamin / Q000494:pharmacology; D018999:Charybdotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000502:physiology; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D004594:Electrophysiology; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D013007:Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D015640:Ion Channel Gating / Q000502:physiology*; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D015221:Potassium Channels; D018999:Charybdotoxin; D001030:Apamin; D013006:Growth Hormone; D013007:Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D011493:Protein Kinase C