The National Human Exposure Assessment Survey (NHEXAS) study in Arizona--introduction and preliminary results.
The objective of the National Human Exposure Assessment Survey (NHEXAS) in Arizona is to determine the multimedia distribution of total human exposure to environmental pollutants in the classes of metals, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for the population of Arizona. This was accomplished by studying a probability-based sample of the total population in Arizona with a nested design for the different stages of sampling (954 Stage I, 505 Stage II, and 179 Stage III participants). This report compares the study population demographics with those from the U.S. Census and provides preliminary data on the distributions of the example pollutant for each class, lead for metals, chlorpyrifos for pesticides, and benzene for metals. The probability-based sample age and gender demographics compare reasonably well with the Census data (1990 Census and 1996 Census Estimate). The race/ethnicity compared less well with 21% Hispanics in the 1996 Census Estimate and 42% Hispanics in the entire NHEXAS-Arizona sample and 30% Hispanics as Stage III participants for this study. The chemical analyses of the various media (yard soil, foundation soil, house dust, indoor air, outdoor air, drinking water, food, and beverage) show generally low levels of the representative pollutants. The 50th percentiles of the distributions are generally near or below the analytical detection limits, and applicable Federal action limits were rarely exceeded.
Robertson
G L
GL
Human Exposure Research Branch, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Las Vegas, Nevada 89193, USA. robertson.gary@epamail.epa.gov
Lebowitz
M D
MD
O'Rourke
M K
MK
Gordon
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S
Moschandreas
D
D
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001130:Arizona; D001554:Benzene / Q000032:analysis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D008499:Medical Records; D008875:Middle Aged; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012869:Skin Absorption; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
D015415:Biomarkers; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D007306:Insecticides; D007854:Lead; D001554:Benzene; D004390:Chlorpyrifos