title: The effects of a low-dose monophasic preparation of levonorgestrel and ethinyl estradiol on coagulation and other hemostatic factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects on hemostatic factors of a low-dose preparation of levonorgestrel and ethinyl estradiol in a 12-cycle study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty healthy women began taking 100 microg levonorgestrel and 20 microg ethinyl estradiol on the first day of the menstrual cycle, continued to take the preparation for the next 21 days, and then took placebo for 7 days. Mean changes in prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, and levels of factors VII and X, antithrombin, plasminogen, fibrinogen, protein S, thrombin-antithrombin complexes, and D-dimer were analyzed at baseline and at cycles 3, 6, and 12 with paired Student t tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Factor X, plasminogen antigen and activity, and D-dimer levels were significantly increased (P </=.01) during all 3 cycle periods. Antithrombin antigen and protein S total antigen levels were significantly (P </=.001 ) decreased at cycles 3, 6, and 12, whereas factor VII and protein S activity levels were significantly (P </=.05) decreased at cycle 3 and at cycles 3 and 6, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The effects on hemostatic factors in healthy women of a monophasic preparation of 100 microg levonorgestrel and 20 microg ethinyl estradiol were similar to those of other low-dose oral contraceptives.
authors.affiliation: Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk 23507-1627, USA.
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Archer
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Mammen
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Grubb
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000991:Antithrombins / Q000032:analysis; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors / Q000032:analysis; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003280:Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004338:Drug Combinations; D045166:Estradiol Congeners / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000032:analysis; D006487:Hemostasis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D016912:Levonorgestrel / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010958:Plasminogen / Q000032:analysis; D017293:Protein S / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000991:Antithrombins; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; D003280:Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic; D004338:Drug Combinations; D045166:Estradiol Congeners; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; D017293:Protein S; C036309:fibrin fragment D; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; D016912:Levonorgestrel; D010958:Plasminogen