title: Quantitative analysis of changes occurring in muscle vastus lateralis in patients with heart failure after low-intensity training.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantitate the changes occurring in muscle vastus lateralis after exercise training of low intensity adopted for the rehabilitation of patients with chronic heart failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine consecutive males with a clinical diagnosis of idiopathic dilated and ischemic cardiomyopathy underwent an eight-week period of training. The intensity of the work was calculated as 40% of peak VO2. The program consisted of 30 minutes of cycling three times per week. A cardiopulmonary exercise test, hemodynamic measurements and echocardiographic studies were carried out. Needle biopsies were taken from muscle vastus lateralis before starting and after completing training. Quantitative analysis was carried out on sections stained with ATPase at pH 9.5 for measurement of the lesser diameter of type 1 and 2 fibers (by using an image analyzer) and on UEA 1-stained sections for capillary density and capillary/fiber ratio (by using a frame in the eyepiece of the microscope). The Wilcoxon test was applied to identify significant differences before and after training. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was also calculated to highlight any correlation between the morphologic data and results of clinical tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After completing the training program, all the patients experienced an improvement in exercise tolerance and a significant increase (P < .004) in the VO2 and VCO2 peak. Skeletal muscle showed a significant (P < .02) increase in the capillary/fiber ratio. The changes were not significantly correlated with any of the clinical findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low-intensity training can improve the functional capacity of patients with heart failure while producing only mild morphologic changes in their muscles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Rehabilitation Clinic, University of Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scarpelli
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Belardinelli
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tulli
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Provinciali
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002196:Capillaries / Q000473:pathology; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004452:Echocardiography; D005080:Exercise Test; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000473:pathology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption