title: Induction of endogenous Bcl-xS through the control of Bcl-x pre-mRNA splicing by antisense oligonucleotides.
abstract: Resistance to apoptosis, which plays an important role in tumors that are refractory to chemotherapy, is regulated by the ratio of antiapoptotic to proapoptotic proteins. By manipulating levels of these proteins, cells can become sensitized to undergo apoptosis in response to chemotherapeutic agents. Alternative splicing of the bcl-x gene gives rise to two proteins with antagonistic functions: Bcl-xL, a well-characterized antiapoptotic protein, and Bcl-xS, a proapoptotic protein. We show here that altering the ratio of Bcl-xL to Bcl-xS in the cell using an antisense oligonucleotide permitted cells to be sensitized to undergo apoptosis in response to ultraviolet B radiation and chemotherapeutic drug treatment. These results demonstrate the ability of a chemically modified oligonucleotide to alter splice site selection in an endogenous gene and illustrate a powerful tool to regulate cell survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Isis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA.
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Q Q
authors.initials: QQ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Wyatt
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Dean
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics*; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002460:Cell Line; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051020:bcl-X Protein
chemical_list: C494811:BCL2L1 protein, human; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051020:bcl-X Protein