title: Smoking and the functional status of young adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between smoking and the functional status of young adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 4-year prospective questionnaire study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The municipality of Ullensaker, Norway.
  
  
  METHODS
  1084 subjects, 20-22 years or 30-32 years of age (the two youngest age-cohorts in a larger population study), completed a mailed questionnaire in 1990. A second questionnaire, mailed to the respondents in 1994, was completed by 753 (69.5%) individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-evaluated functional status as measured with the COOP/Wonca Charts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 1994, respondents who were daily smokers in 1990 reported lower physical fitness, poorer overall health, and more pain, emotional problems, limitations of social activities, and problems in performing daily tasks than nonsmokers. Smoking in 1990 was associated with moderate or low physical fitness (OR = 2.21; 95% CI: 1.19-4.11) and moderate or severe pain (OR = 2.28; 95% CI: 1.32-3.94) in 1994, after adjustment for age, gender, civil state, workplace characteristics, physical exercise, and emotional symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even young adults report a lower functional status if they smoke. If this reflects a causal relationship it could be an important argument when trying to persuade young people to avoid smoking.
authors.affiliation: Institute of General Practice and Community Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Eriksen
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Natvig
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rutle
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bruusgaard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D010809:Physical Fitness; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000453:epidemiology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires