title: Isolation, characterization, and biological activity of naphthoquinones from Calceolaria andina L.
abstract: Two compounds recognized as responsible for the insecticidal activity of extracts of Calceolaria andina L. (Scrophulariaceae) have been isolated and characterized as 2-(1, 1-dimethylprop-2-enyl)-3-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone and the corresponding acetate, 2-acetoxy-3-(1,1-dimethylprop-2-enyl)-1, 4-naphthoquinone. Their activities against 29 pest species and 9 beneficial species of arthropod from a total of 11 orders have been determined. Activities against homopteran and acarine species are of the same order as those of established pesticides, and, significantly, no cross-resistance is observed for strains resistant to established classes of insecticide. Mammalian toxicities are low.
authors.affiliation: Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey, United Kingdom. Bhupinder.khambay@bbscr.ac.uk
authors.forename: B P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Khambay
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Batty
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cahill
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Denholm
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mead-Briggs
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vinall
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Niemeyer
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Simmonds
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007313:Insecta; D007306:Insecticides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity*; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D009285:Naphthoquinones / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D009285:Naphthoquinones