title: Telomerase is a highly sensitive and specific molecular marker in fine-needle aspirates of breast lesions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Telomerase has been detected in a majority of human malignant tumors, making telomerase activity (TA) one key difference between mortal and immortal cells. In this study, we evaluated in blind-trial fashion the association of TA with cytologic and final clinical/pathologic diagnosis in fine-needle aspirates (FNAs) of breast lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 172 FNAs, including 80 samples that were cytologically malignant, 18 that were atypical but not diagnostic for malignancy, and 74 that were cytologically benign, TA was determined by a modified nonradioactive telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay. Final diagnosis was made by pathologic examination of follow-up surgical material available for all the cytologically malignant samples, a majority of the cytologically atypical samples, and a portion of the cytologically benign samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TA was detected in 85 of 172 samples. Comparison of the cytologic and histologic diagnoses with TA showed that 80 of 87 samples from patients with breast cancer were telomerase-positive, resulting in a sensitivity of 92%. TA was found in four of five FNAs from carcinomas that were considered cytologically atypical but not diagnostic for malignancy. Eighty of 85 samples from patients with benign breast lesions were telomerase-negative, revealing a specificity of 94%. The five positive cases in this group were all fibroadenomas with low TA. Among the 18 cases with a cytologic diagnosis of atypia, there was a strong positive relationship between TRAP findings and histologic diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The detection of TA in FNAs of breast lesions is a highly sensitive and specific marker of malignancy and may be used as an adjunct in cases with an equivocal cytologic diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, Westfälische Wilhelms-University, Muenster, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Poremba
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Shroyer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frost
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Diallo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fogt
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Schäfer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bürger
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Shroyer
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dockhorn-Dworniczak
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Boecker
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000379:methods; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D019098:Telomerase / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019098:Telomerase