title: Activity of standard and investigational cytotoxic drugs in primary cultures of tumor cells from patients with kidney and urinary bladder carcinomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In vitro tumor models could support the process of development of new cytotoxic drugs and selection of suitable drugs for the individual patient. We investigated whether the testing of tumor cells from patients with kidney or urinary bladder carcinoma by fluorometric microculture cytotoxicity assay (FMCA) could provide clinically relevant data for these tumor types.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 45 tumor samples from patients with kidney or urinary bladder carcinoma were compared with 247 samples of other tumor types with respect to sensitivity to 8 standard and 6 investigational cytotoxic drugs in the FMCA, a 72 hour assay based on the concept of total cell kill. In bladder carcinomas, sensitivity to standard drugs was correlated to various tumor characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The technical success rate for kidney and bladder carcinomas was high; approximately 90% of the samples could be analyzed successfully. Kidney carcinomas were highly resistant to standard drugs and bladder carcinomas essentially as sensitive as carcinomas of the breast and ovary but with a steeper dose-response relationship. In bladder carcinoma there was no clear relationship between tumor stage, grade, ploidy, mitoses or p53 expression and drug sensitivity. Except for suramin, kidney carcinomas were poorly sensitive to the investigational drugs CdA, gemcitabine, paclitaxel, vinorelbine and topotecan. In bladder carcinomas paclitaxel, gemcitabine and suramin showed promising activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The FMCA seems suitable for cytotoxic drug sensitivity testing of urinary tract carcinomas. This technique may have a role in new drug development in these tumor types.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nygren
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Csòka
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Busch
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wester
authors.forename: P U
authors.initials: PU
authors.lastname: Malmström
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015507:Drugs, Investigational / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D015507:Drugs, Investigational