title: A controlled trial of chlorofluorocarbon-free triamcinolone acetonide inhalation aerosol in the treatment of adult patients with persistent asthma. Azmacort HFA Study Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the dose response, efficacy, and safety of inhaled triamcinolone acetonide (TAA) with a hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) propellant (75 microg/puff), TAA with a chlorofluorocarbon propellant (dichlorodifluoromethane [P-12]; 75 microg/puff), and placebo in adult patients with persistent asthma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study of 514 adult patients with persistent asthma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients received 8 weeks of treatment with 150, 300, or 600 microg/d of TAA HFA, the same doses of TAA P-12, or placebo following a 5- to 21-day baseline period. Efficacy was assessed by spirometry, and by daily recordings of albuterol use, peak expiratory flow (PEF), asthma symptom ratings, and nighttime awakenings throughout the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Linear trend analysis showed that both formulations of TAA at all doses produced statistically significant improvements compared with placebo in spirometry, asthma symptom scores, albuterol use, and PEF. Significant improvement was seen as early as 24 h for morning PEF and as early as 1 week for FEV(1) (TAA HFA, 600 microg/d; TAA P-12, 300 and 600 microg/d) and albuterol use (all doses of both formulations). The P-12 and HFA formulations had comparable efficacy. A dose response showing greater improvement with higher doses was evident for the majority of parameters for both formulations. The incidences of adverse events were similar across all treatment groups with no dose-related trends.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HFA and P-12 formulations of TAA inhalation aerosol were therapeutically equivalent and showed comparable safety and dose-related efficacy in the treatment of patients with persistent asthma.
authors.affiliation: Allergy & Asthma Medical Group & Research Center, San Diego, CA 92123, USA. mwelch@pol.net
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Welch
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bernstein
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Kane
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Banerji
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000335:Aerosol Propellants / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000368:Aged; D000420:Albuterol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005617:Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010366:Peak Expiratory Flow Rate; D012449:Safety; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005466:Fluorocarbons
chemical_list: D000335:Aerosol Propellants; D000420:Albuterol; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D005617:Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide; C007782:dichlorodifluoromethane; C094049:apaflurane; D005466:Fluorocarbons