title: Urinary cotinine concentration confirms the reduced risk of preeclampsia with tobacco exposure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed tobacco exposure in nulliparous women with preeclampsia compared with that in control subjects by measuring urinary cotinine to confirm the reduced risk of preeclampsia associated with tobacco exposure during pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study group of 50 women with preeclampsia after 35 weeks of gestation and a group of 50 control subjects matched for gestational age, date of delivery, and body mass index were selected from the project database. Urine obtained on admission was assayed for cotinine. Self-reported smoking information was blinded during patient selection and laboratory assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-five patients had detectable urinary cotinine levels, 11 (22%) with preeclampsia and 24 (48%) control women. Mean cotinine concentrations among exposed women were 331 ng/mL for those with preeclampsia and 540 ng/mL for control subjects. The odds ratio of preeclampsia developing in an exposed woman was 0.31 (95% confidence interval, 0.12-0.79).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings, obtained by using laboratory assay, confirm the reduced risk of developing preeclampsia with tobacco exposure.
authors.affiliation: Magee-Womens Research Institute, the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-3180, USA.
authors.forename: K Y
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Lain
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Powers
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Krohn
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Ness
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Crombleholme
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Roberts
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003367:Cotinine / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008423:Maternal Age; D018811:Maternal Exposure; D009538:Nicotine / Q000652:urine; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010298:Parity; D010947:Plants, Toxic; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000652:urine; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000652:urine; D012307:Risk Factors; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D012907:Smoking; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009538:Nicotine; D003367:Cotinine