title: Achieving effective treatment of patients with chronic psychotic illness and comorbid substance dependence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The changing effectiveness of a treatment program for dual-diagnosis patients was evaluated over a 2-year period with the use of a sequential study group design.
  
  
  METHODS
  The treatment outcome of 179 consecutively enrolled patients with chronic psychotic illness and comorbid substance dependence who entered a specialized day hospital dual-diagnosis treatment program from Sept. 1, 1994, to Aug. 31, 1996, was evaluated. The 24 months were divided into four successive 6-month periods for comparing the evolving effectiveness of the program for groups of patients entering the day hospital during these four periods. Treatment attendance, hospital utilization, and twice weekly urine toxicology analyses were used as outcome measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The initial treatment engagement rate, defined as at least 2 days of attendance in the first month, increased significantly from group 1 to group 4, more than doubling. Thirty-day and 90-day treatment retention rates also substantially increased from group 1 to group 4. More patients had no hospitalization in the 6 months after entering the day hospital program than in the 6 months before entering the day hospital program. Urine toxicology monitoring indicated that the patients in group 4 were more likely than those in group 1 to remain abstinent at follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The evolving clinical effectiveness of a developing program can be quantified by using a sequential group comparison design. The sequential outcome improvements may be related to the incremental contributions of assertive case management and skills training for relapse prevention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, USA. aho@cortex.bic.uci.edu
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Tsuang
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Liberman
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Wilkins
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Eckman
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Shaner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019090:Case Management; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D015897:Comorbidity; D003631:Day Care, Medical; D017831:Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry); D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D012107:Research Design; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D013695:Temperance; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents