title: Aberrant methylation in gastric cancer associated with the CpG island methylator phenotype.
abstract: Aberrant methylation of 5' CpG islands is thought to play an important role in the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes in cancer. In colorectal cancer, a group of tumors is characterized by a hypermethylator phenotype termed CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), which includes methylation of such genes as p16 and hMLH1. To study whether CIMP is present in gastric cancer, the methylation status of five newly cloned CpG islands was examined in 56 gastric cancers using bisulfite-PCR. Simultaneous methylation of three loci or more was observed in 23 (41%) of 56 cancers, which suggests that these tumors have the hypermethylator phenotype CIMP. There was a significant concordance between CIMP and the methylation of known genes including p16, and hMLH1; methylation of p16 was detected in 16 (70%) of 23 CIMP+ tumors, 1 (8%) of 12 CIMP intermediate tumors, and 1 (5%) of 21 CIMP- tumors (P<0.0001). Methylation of the hMLH1 gene was detected in three of five tumors that showed microsatellite instability, and all three of the cases were CIMP+. The CIMP phenotype is an early event in gastric cancer, being present in the normal tissue adjacent to cancer in 5 of 56 cases. These results suggest that CIMP may be one of the major pathways that contribute to tumorigenesis in gastric cancers.
authors.affiliation: The Johns Hopkins Oncology Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toyota
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ahuja
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohe-Toyota
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Baylin
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Issa
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000483:Alleles; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018899:CpG Islands / Q000235:genetics*; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008745:Methylation; D008957:Models, Genetic; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010641:Phenotype; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; C501486:MLH1 protein, human; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1