title: Genetic interactions of Hrd3p and Der3p/Hrd1p with Sec61p suggest a retro-translocation complex mediating protein transport for ER degradation.
abstract: The endoplasmic reticulum contains a quality control system that subjects misfolded or unassembled secretory proteins to rapid degradation via the cytosolic ubiquitin proteasome system. This requires retrograde protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum back to the cytosol. The Sec61 pore, the central component of the protein import channel into the endoplasmic reticulum, was identified as the core subunit of the retro-translocon as well. As import of mutated proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum lumen is successfully terminated, a new targeting mechanism must exist that mediates re-entering of misfolded proteins into the Sec61 pore from the lumenal side de novo. The previously identified proteins Der3p/Hrd1p and, as we show here, Hrd3p of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are localised in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and are essential for the degradation of several substrates of the endoplasmic reticulum degradation machinery. Based on genetic studies we demonstrate that they functionally interact with each other and with Sec61p, probably establishing the central part of the retro-translocon. In the absence of Hrd3p, the otherwise stable protein Der3p/Hrd1p becomes rapidly degraded. This depends on a functional ubiquitin proteasome system and the presence of substrate molecules of the endoplasmic reticulum degradation system. When overexpressed, Der3p/Hrd1p accelerates CPY* degradation in Delta(hrd3) cells. Our data suggest a recycling process of Der3p/Hrd1p through Hrd3p. The retro-translocon seems to be build up at least by the Sec61 pore, Der3p/Hrd1p and Hrd3p and mediates both retrograde transport and ubiquitination of substrate molecules.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Biochemie, Universität Stuttgart, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Plemper
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bordallo
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Deak
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Taxis
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hitt
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Wolf
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001692:Biological Transport; D002268:Carboxypeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D043402:Cathepsin A; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases / Q000502:physiology; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism*; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000502:physiology; D009154:Mutation; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D011485:Protein Binding; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000069816:SEC Translocation Channels; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D014452:Ubiquitins / Q000502:physiology; D016335:Zinc Fingers / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C104622:HRD3 protein, S cerevisiae; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D011506:Proteins; D000069816:SEC Translocation Channels; C499383:SEC61 protein, S cerevisiae; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D014452:Ubiquitins; C104621:HRD1 protein, S cerevisiae; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D002268:Carboxypeptidases; D043402:Cathepsin A; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex