title: Mastectomy or lumpectomy? Helping women make informed choices.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop an instrument to help clinicians inform their patients about surgical treatment options for the treatment of breast cancer and to evaluate the impact of the instrument on the clinical encounter.
  
  
  METHODS
  We developed an instrument, called the Decision Board, to present information regarding the benefits and risks of breast-conserving therapy (lumpectomy plus radiation therapy) and mastectomy to women with early-stage breast cancer to enable them to express a preference for the type of surgery. Seven surgeons from different communities in Ontario administered the instrument to women with newly diagnosed clinical stage I or II breast cancer over an 18-month period. Patients and surgeons were interviewed regarding acceptability of the instrument. The rates of breast-conserving surgery performed by surgeons before and after the introduction of the instrument were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Decision Board was administered to 175 patients; 98% reported that the Decision Board was easy to understand, and 81% indicated that it helped them make a decision. The average score on a true/false test of comprehension was 11.8 of 14 (84%) (range, 6 to 14). Surgeons found the Decision Board to be helpful in presenting information to patients in 91% of consultations. The rate of breast-conserving surgery decreased when the Decision Board was introduced (88% v 73%, P =.001)
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Decision Board is a simple method to improve communication and facilitate shared decision making. It was well accepted by patients and surgeons and easily applied in the community.
authors.affiliation: Supportive Cancer Care Research Unit and Departments of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. tim_whelan@hrcc.on.ca
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Whelan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gafni
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Willan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mirsky
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schnider
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McCready
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kobylecky
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Reed
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D002755:Choice Behavior; D019468:Disease Management; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent; D008408:Mastectomy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015412:Mastectomy, Segmental / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors