title: The use of intraoperative ultrasound in laparoscopic adrenal surgery: the Saint Vincent experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laparoscopic adrenalectomy has been shown to be a safe and effective therapy for benign adrenal lesions. We review our experience with this procedure, including the use of laparoscopic ultrasound.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed our experience with 36 patients who underwent resection of 42 adrenal glands. Data gathered included preoperative evaluation and diagnosis, operative time, blood loss, complications, and follow-up status. Laparoscopic ultrasound was used to guide dissection and characterize a variety of adrenal lesions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-five of 36 patients underwent successful laparoscopic adrenalectomy. There was one conversion to the open procedure in a patient with bilateral adrenal metastases from an endometrial cancer. For the bilateral laparoscopic procedure, the operative time averaged 262 mins, blood loss was 160 cc, and hospital stay was 3.0 days. For unilateral cases, operative time averaged 193 min, blood loss was 108 cc, and hospitalization was 1.1 days. Six patients experienced perioperative complications, most of which were minor and transient. Laparoscopic ultrasound was useful to define anatomy and to identify the adrenal vein, especially on the left side.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is the procedure of choice for benign adrenal disease. Laparoscopic ultrasound is useful to localize and aid in the dissection of the left adrenal vein.
authors.affiliation: Saint Vincent Hospital and Health Center, 2001 West 86th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46260, USA.
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Lucas
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Spitz
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Arregui
mesh_terms: D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D000315:Adrenalectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional