Chemokine and chemokine receptor interactions provide a mechanism for selective T cell recruitment to specific liver compartments within hepatitis C-infected liver.
The role played by chemokines in regulating the selective recruitment of lymphocytes to different tissue compartments in disease is poorly characterized. In hepatitis C infection, inflammation confined to portal areas is associated with a less aggressive course, whereas T cell infiltration of the liver parenchyma is associated with progressive liver injury and cirrhosis. We propose a mechanism to explain how lymphocytes are recruited to hepatic lobules during bursts of necroinflammatory activity in chronic hepatitis C infection. We report here that lymphocytes infiltrating hepatitis C-infected liver express high levels of the chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR3. However, whereas the CCR5 ligands macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha and -1beta were largely confined to vessels within portal tracts, the CXCR3 ligands IFN-inducible protein-10 and monokine-induced by IFN-gamma were selectively up-regulated on sinusoidal endothelium. In vitro, human hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells secreted IFN-inducible protein-10 and monokine-induced by IFN-gamma in response to stimulation with IFN-gamma in combination with either IL-1 or TNF-alpha. This suggests that intrahepatic Th1 cytokines drive the increased expression of IFN-inducible protein-10 and monokine-induced by IFN-gamma and thereby promote the continuing recruitment of CXCR3-expressing T cells into the hepatic lobule in chronic hepatitis C infection.
Shields
P L
PL
Liver Research Laboratories and Department of Rheumatology, Medical Research Council Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom. P.L.Shields@bham.ac.uk
Morland
C M
CM
Salmon
M
M
Qin
S
S
Hubscher
S G
SG
Adams
D H
DH
D002465:Cell Movement; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D054370:Chemokine CXCL9; D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000378:metabolism; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D007728:Kupffer Cells; D008099:Liver / Q000276:immunology*; D011169:Portal Vein; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D054367:Receptors, CXCR3; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
C080810:CXCL9 protein, human; C515187:CXCR3 protein, human; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D054370:Chemokine CXCL9; D018925:Chemokines; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D019713:Receptors, CCR5; D054367:Receptors, CXCR3; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma