title: Reciprocal relations between stressors and drinking behavior: a three-wave panel study of late middle-aged and older women and men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine reciprocal relations between stressors and drinking behavior among late-middle-aged and older women and men.
  
  
  METHODS
  A community sample of 621 women and 941 men (mean age = 61) provided information about their life stressors and drinking behavior at three times: initial assessment, 1 year later and 4 years later. Structural equation modeling with manifest variables was used to examine cross-temporal relations between stressors and drinking behavior.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stressors did not predict heavier or more frequent drinking. In fact, among women, increased health stressors predicted a reduction of alcohol consumption; among men, increased financial stressors suppressed alcohol consumption. Higher stressor levels in some life domains did foreshadow later drinking problems. More initial drinking problems resulted in more subsequent financial and spouse stressors for both women and men. Contrary to expectation, more frequent alcohol consumption presaged fewer negative life events, health stressors, and financial stressors for women, and fewer health stressors for men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that among older adults there may be a harmful feedback cycle whereby problematic drinking and life stressors exacerbate each other, but also a benign feedback cycle in which moderate alcohol consumption and life stressors reduce each other.
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Care Evaluation, Palo Alto VA Health Care System, CA 94304, USA.
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Schutte
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Moos
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000523:psychology*; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013315:Stress, Psychological