title: Reduction in vascular lesion formation by hirudin secreted from retrovirus-transduced confluent endothelial cells on vascular grafts in baboons.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The hypothesis that thrombin mediates the formation of neointimal vascular lesions at sites of mechanical vascular injury has been tested in baboons by measurement of the effects of hirudin delivered by retrovirus-transduced hirudin-secreting vascular endothelial cells (ECs) lining surgically implanted arterial vascular grafts (AVGs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The antithrombotic efficacy of baboon ECs transduced with cDNA encoding hirudin was assessed in vitro and in vivo on thrombogenic segments in chronically exteriorized femoral arteriovenous (AV) shunts. Bilateral brachial AVGs lined with hirudin-transduced versus nonhirudin control ECs at confluent density were surgically implanted, and vascular lesion formations at distal graft-vessel anastomoses were compared after 30 days. Hirudin-transduced ECs secreted 20+/-6 ng x 10(6) cells(-1) x 24 h(-1) (range, 14 to 24 ng x 10(6) cells(-1) x 24 h(-1)) hirudin in supernatants of static cultures. Hirudin-secreting ECs on segments of collagen-coated graft interposed in chronic AV shunts decreased the accumulation of (111)In-labeled platelets to 0.52+/-0.34 x 10(9) platelets, compared with 0.82+/-0.49 x 10(9) platelets in controls (P = 0.03) and reduced platelet deposition in propagated thrombotic tails extending downstream from segments of vascular graft from 1.38+/-0.41 x 10(9) platelets in controls to 0.59+/-0.22 x 10(9) platelets (P = 0.04). ECs recovered from 30-day AVG implants generated 17+/-9 ng x 10(6) cells(-1) x 24 h(-1) (range, 9 to 25 ng x 10(6) cells(-1) x 24 h(-1)) hirudin. Hirudin-secreting ECs reduced neointimal lesion formation at distal graft-vessel anastomoses, ie, 1.02 mm(2) (range, 0.88 to 1.95 mm(2)) versus 1.82 mm(2) (range, 0.88 to 2.56 mm(2)) in contralateral AVGs bearing nonhirudin control ECs (P<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Viral vector-directed secretion of hirudin from ECs lining implanted AVGs significantly reduces the formation of thrombus and neointimal vascular lesions.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology and Oncology and Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lundell
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marijianowski
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Rade
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Harker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000991:Antithrombins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism*; D024764:Hirudin Therapy; D006629:Hirudins / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000473:pathology*; D010215:Papio; D012190:Retroviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D000991:Antithrombins; D006629:Hirudins