title: The effects of alterations in nitric oxide levels in the paraventricular nucleus on copulatory behavior and reflexive erections in male rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effects of altered nitric oxide (NO) levels in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) on copulatory behavior and reflexive erections in male rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Extracellular nitrite (NO2-) and nitrate (NO3-) levels were measured in the PVN following administration of the NO precursor L-arginine (L-arg, 10 mM), the NO synthase inhibitor N(G)-monomethyl L-arginine (L-NMMA, 10 mM), or Ringer's solution via a dialysis probe to the PVN. The effects of alterations in extracellular NO on reflexive erections and copulatory behavior were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  L-arg administration was associated with significant elevations of extracellular NO2- and NO3- in the PVN, while L-NMMA significantly reduced NO2- and NO3- levels. A corresponding increase in reflexive erections was noted during infusion of L-arg in the PVN, with a corresponding decrease in reflexive erections observed during administration of L-NMMA into the PVN (Student's t test for paired samples, p <0.05). Mount rate was unaffected by infusion of the either L-arg or L-NMMA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Altered NO levels in the PVN affected the frequency of reflexive erections, but not the mount rate. These studies contrast with previous observations of the effects of altered NO levels in the MPOA, and support the hypothesis that physiological specificity in the actions of NO on discrete brain nuclei may have important implications to erectile physiology and dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Christ
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Horita
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsukamoto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology*; D010286:Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010410:Penile Erection / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012018:Reflex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012726:Sexual Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D001120:Arginine