title: [Strabismus and diplopia as complications after cataract surgery with IOL implantation].
abstract: In our Department of Orthoptics we have seen an increasing number of patients suffering from diplopia after cataract surgery with IOL implantation. Between 1993 and 1997 the total number of patients with this problem was 24 (2.7 % of all patients, mean age 71 years, age range 38-88). We addressed the question of whether there is a common pattern of motility dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  After evaluation of the clinical history and the basic ophthalmological findings the following parameters were examined: binocular function (Bagolini test), squint angles (Maddox cross), ocular motility.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 24 patients could be divided up into three groups. Group 1 consisted of 9 patients (mean age 82 years, range 64-88) who complained about diplopia because of strabismus incomitans with vertical deviation and restricted motility on the first day after surgery. In 8 of the 9 patients strabismus surgery was done. Group II consisted of 10 patients (mean age 66 years, range 38-77) who noticed diplopia and strabismus within 7 days after surgery. We found various kinds of heterotropia. Seven of these patients were operated on and two had a prism correction. Group III consisted of 5 patients (mean age 67 years, range 61-78). Their already known strabismus paralyticus or concomitans deteriorated, leading to diplopia in some cases. All patients in this group were operated on.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For group I we believe that retro-, para- or peribulbar anesthesia caused the motility dysfunction. In groups II and III it is unlikely that local anesthesia had a causative role. The prolonged disruption of binocular vision and the abrupt change in the sensory situation after the cataract operation with lens implantation may be the leading causes for strabismus or deterioration of a preexisting strabism, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These patients need a subtil meticulous diagnostic work-up and follow-up because of the possibility of early surgical therapy, which has a good prognosis. Evaluation of binocular vision and eye movements prior to cataract surgery appears to be helpful for later strabismic surgery.
authors.affiliation: Universitäts-Augenklinik Charité, Berlin.
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gerdemann
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hartmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002387:Cataract Extraction / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004172:Diplopia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019654:Lens Implantation, Intraocular / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D013285:Strabismus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D013997:Time Factors