title: Tachyphylaxis to PACAP-27 after inhibition of NO synthesis: a loss of adenylate cyclase activation.
abstract: The vasodilator effects of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP-27) are subject to tachyphylaxis in rats treated with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). This study examined whether this tachyphylaxis is due to the loss of vasodilator potency of cAMP generated by activation of the G(s) protein-coupled PACAP receptors. Five successive treatments with PACAP-27 (2 nmol/kg iv) produced pronounced vasodilator responses in saline-treated rats that were not subject to tachyphylaxis. The first injection of PACAP-27 (2 nmol/kg iv) in L-NAME (50 micromol/kg iv)-treated rats produced vasodilator responses of similar magnitude to those in saline-treated rats, whereas four subsequent injections produced progressively and markedly smaller responses. The hemodynamic effects of the membrane-permeable cAMP analog 8-(4-chlorophenylthiol)-cAMP (8-CPT-cAMP; 5-15 micromol/kg iv) were similar in L-NAME-treated rats and in L-NAME-treated rats that had received the five injections of PACAP-27. In addition, five injections of 8-CPT-cAMP (10 micromol/kg iv) produced pronounced vasodilator responses in saline- and L-NAME-treated rats that were not subject to the development of tachyphylaxis. These results suggest that a loss of biological potency of cAMP is not responsible for tachyphylaxis to PACAP-27 in L-NAME-treated rats. This tachyphylaxis may be due to the inability of the G(s) protein-coupled PACAP receptor to activate adenylate cyclase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Whalen
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lewis
mesh_terms: D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D013618:Tachyphylaxis / Q000502:physiology*; D013873:Thionucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C495403:Adcyap1 protein, rat; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009479:Neuropeptides; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D013873:Thionucleotides; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C015929:8-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)cyclic-3',5'-AMP; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester