title: Reduction in interleukin-2-producing cells but not Th1 to Th2 shift in moderate and advanced stages of human immunodeficiency virus type-1-infection: direct analysis of intracellular cytokine concentrations in CD4+ CD8- T cells.
abstract: Previous studies have suggested that CD4+ T lymphocytes shift from the Th1 type to the Th2 type during disease progression in patients with the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1). In the present study, we used a modified method that allowed a direct measurement of intracellular cytokines in CD4+ CD8- T cells. A total of 48 HIV-1-infected (HIV+) and 16 HIV-1-uninfected (HIV-) individuals were studied. The percentages of CD4+ CD8- T cells producing interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-4 (IL-4), or interleukin-5 (IL-5) in HIV+ and HIV- subjects were 23.6% versus 34.9% (P < 0.01), 13.7% versus 13.2%, 1.3% versus 1.0%, and 1. 2% versus 0.9%, respectively. The population of IL-2-producing cells decreased proportionately with reductions in CD4 counts (< 200/mm3, 200-500/mm3, and > 500/mm3 to 18.0%, 23.5%, and 30.5%, P < 0.05, respectively). There was an inverse correlation between the percentage of IL-2-producing cells and plasma viral load (r = - 0. 446, P < 0.05). However, the percentages of CD4+ CD8- T cells producing other cytokines were not different between HIV+ and HIV-. Our cross-sectional study demonstrated a decrease in IL-2-producing cells but not the Th1 to the Th2 shift in the CD4+ CD8- T cell population in the moderate and advanced stages of HIV-1-infection.
authors.affiliation: AIDS Clinical Center, International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo 162-8655.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirabayashi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gatanaga
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aizawa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hachiya
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tashiro
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kohsaka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oyamada
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ida
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008875:Middle Aged; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007376:Interleukin-2; D015848:Interleukin-5; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma