title: Detection of adeno-associated virus in human semen: does viral infection play a role in the pathogenesis of male infertility?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the occurrence of adeno-associated virus (AAV) DNA and/or human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in the semen of infertile men as a possible factor in the pathogenesis of male infertility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive pilot study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University-based diagnostic and research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Semen specimens were collected from 30 men with diagnosed infertility and from 8 control subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diagnostic spermiograms were made and the semen specimens were separated into seminal fluid, nonspermatozoal cells, and spermatozoa using a Ficoll gradient technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  The presence of AAV and HPV DNA in the different fractions of the ejaculates from the infertile men and the control subjects was detected by polymerase chain reaction. Semen quality was analyzed according to World Health Organization guidelines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adeno-associated virus DNA was detected in 30% (9/30) of the ejaculates from the infertile men. No AAV DNA was found in the ejaculates from the 8 control subjects. In 8 of 9 samples, AAV DNA could be found only in the spermatozoal fraction of the specimen. Seven of 9 semen specimens that contained viral DNA also demonstrated oligoasthenozoospermia. Both AAV and HPV DNA was found in the spermatozoal fraction of 3 of 30 specimens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data demonstrate for the first time the occurrence of AAV infection in human semen. Sperm motility seems to be affected by the presence of AAV.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University of the Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rohde
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Erles
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Sattler
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Derouet
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wullich
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Schlehofer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000229:Dependovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D010322:Parvoviridae Infections / Q000150:complications*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012661:Semen / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral