title: The halo-Milwaukee brace. Case series of a revived technique.
abstract: METHODS
  A case series in which the halo-Milwaukee brace was used for postoperative immobilization in children with complex congenital and developmental spinal deformities.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the use of halo-Milwaukee orthosis in a pediatric population for stabilization of the cervical and upper thoracic spine.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Postoperative immobilization of the neck and upper thorax can be achieved with cervical orthoses, cervicothoracic lumbar orthosis, halo cast, Minerva jacket, or halo vest. In the young child or in individuals with severe deformities, prefabricated braces often do not provide adequate stability or predictable fit. The halo-Milwaukee brace has proven to be an effective and versatile technique in the management of complex pediatric spinal deformities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Halo-Milwaukee brace immobilization was used in 12 patients after surgical stabilization of the upper thoracic or cervical spine. Technique and indications are discussed in this report. Surgical outcomes and complications were reviewed retrospectively in all cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Application of the halo-Milwaukee brace was a clinically effective and safe means of controlling the upper thoracic and cervical spine. The orthosis was well tolerated and allowed access to the posterior incision. The brace is easily converted to a standard Milwaukee brace with neck ring. The pelvic segment of the brace is molded before surgery, and in most instances did not require postoperative modification.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The halo-Milwaukee brace is a simple and convenient method of intraoperative and postoperative immobilization. The technique is applicable in patients who cannot be treated with more conventional off-the-shelf orthoses. The brace was well tolerated and allowed for early patient mobilization.
authors.affiliation: Shriners Hospitals for Crippled Children, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Godfried
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Amory
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lubicky
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001915:Braces; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016267:External Fixators; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007738:Kyphosis / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D011859:Radiography; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000601:surgery*; D013131:Spine / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome