title: Semi-permeable surface analytical reversed-phase column for the improved trace analysis of acidic pesticides in water with coupled-column reversed-phase liquid chromatography with UV detection. Determination of bromoxynil and bentazone in surface water.
abstract: The coupled-column (LC-LC) configuration consisting of a 3 microm C18 column (50 x 4.6 mm I.D.) as the first column and a 5 microm C18 semi-permeable-surface (SPS) column (150 x 4.6 mm I.D.) as the second column appeared to be successful for the screening of acidic pesticides in surface water samples. In comparison to LC-LC employing two C18 columns, the combination of C18/SPS-C18 significantly decreased the baseline deviation caused by the hump of the co-extracted humic substances when using UV detection (217 nm). The developed LC-LC procedure allowed the simultaneous determination of the target analytes bentazone and bromoxynil in uncleaned extracts of surface water samples to a level of 0.05 microg/l in less than 15 min. In combination with a simple solid-phase extraction step (200 ml of water on a 500 mg C18-bonded silica) the analytical procedure provides a high sample throughput. During a period of about five months more than 200 ditch-water samples originating from agricultural locations were analyzed with the developed procedure. Validation of the method was performed by randomly analyzing recoveries of water samples spiked at levels of 0.1 microg/l (n=10), 0.5 microg/l (n=7) and 2.5 microg/l (n=4). Weighted regression of the recovery data showed that the method provides overall recoveries of 95 and 100% for bentazone and bromoxynil, respectively, with corresponding intra-laboratory reproducibilities of 10 and 11%, respectively. Confirmation of the analytes in part of the samples extracts was carried out with GC-negative ion chemical ionization MS involving a derivatization step with bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl bromide. No false negatives or positives were observed.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Organic-Analytical Chemistry, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands. elbert.hogendoorn@rivm.nl
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Hogendoorn
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Westhuis
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dijkman
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Heusinkveld
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: den Boer
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Evers
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Baumann
mesh_terms: D001581:Benzothiadiazines / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis*; D009570:Nitriles / Q000032:analysis*; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D001581:Benzothiadiazines; D006540:Herbicides; D009570:Nitriles; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C006826:bromoxynil; C002003:bentazone