title: Structural models for intermediate care areas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe structural models of intermediate care units used for critically ill patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three multidisciplinary units with varying structures and functions of intermediate care areas (ICAs) are described.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Advantages and limitations for each of the three models are outlined. The structural models described are the conventional isolated ICA model, the parallel model, and the integrated model of ICA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Each structural model has advantages and limitations. Selection of the appropriate ICA model for an institution depends on the specific circumstances and needs of the institution. Each of the three models can facilitate improved utilization of critical care resources.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, University of Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Byrick
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Knobel
mesh_terms: D016638:Critical Illness / Q000628:therapy; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000458:organization & administration; D007380:Intermediate Care Facilities / Q000458:organization & administration*; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008961:Models, Structural; D016526:Workload