title: Human cytokine responses to coronary artery bypass grafting with and without cardiopulmonary bypass.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is associated with a systemic inflammatory response. This has been attributed to cytokine release caused by extracorporeal circulation and myocardial ischemia. This study compares the inflammatory response after CABG with cardiopulmonary bypass and after minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting (MIDCABG) without cardiopulmonary bypass.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cytokine release and complement activation (interleukin-6 and interleukin-8, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors 1 and 2, complement factor C3a, and C1 esterase inhibitor) were determined in 24 patients before and after CABG or MIDCABG. The maximum body temperature, chest drainage, and fluid balance were recorded for 24 hours after operation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Release of interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor receptors 1 and 2 was significantly higher (p < or = 0.005) in the CABG group than the MIDCABG group just after operation. After 24 hours, a significant increase in interleukin-6 was also found in the MIDCABG group (p = 0.001) compared with preoperative value. Body temperature and fluid balance were significantly higher after CABG (p < or = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting represents a less traumatizing technique of surgical revascularization. The reduction in the inflammatory response may be advantageous for patients with a high degree of comorbidity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Hannover Medical School, Germany. strueber@thg.mh-hannover.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Strüber
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Cremer
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gohrbandt
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hagl
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jankowski
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Völker
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rückoldt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haverich
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D003167:Complement Activation / Q000276:immunology; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000097:blood; D018746:Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor