title: Unilateral pallidotomy in Parkinson's disease: a randomised, single-blind, multicentre trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The results of several cohort studies suggest that patients with advanced Parkinson's disease would benefit from unilateral pallidotomy. We have assessed the efficacy of unilateral pallidotomy in a randomised, single-blind, multicentre trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 37 patients with advanced Parkinson's disease who had, despite optimum pharmacological treatment, at least one of the following symptoms: severe response fluctuations, dyskinesias, painful dystonias, or bradykinesia. Patients were randomly assigned to unilateral pallidotomy within 1 month or to pallidotomy after the primary outcome assessment (6 months later). The primary outcome was the difference between the groups in median changes on the motor examination section of the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS 3) score done in the off phase. Secondary outcome measures included levodopa-induced dyskinesias (dyskinesia rating scale [DRS]) and extent of disability (UPDRS 2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median UPDRS 3 off score of the pallidotomy patients improved from 47 to 32.5, whereas that of control patients slightly worsened from 52.5 to 56.5 (p<0.001). In the on phase the median DRS score improved 50% in pallidotomy patients compared with no change in controls. The UPDRS 2 off score improved with a median of 7 in the pallidotomy group. Two treated patients had major adverse effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Unilateral pallidotomy is an effective treatment in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease, who have an unsatisfactory response to pharmacological treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. r.m.debie@AMC.UVA.NL
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: de Bie
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: de Haan
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Nijssen
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Rutgers
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Beute
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Bosch
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Haaxma
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schmand
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Schuurman
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Staal
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Speelman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005917:Globus Pallidus / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007980:Levodopa / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009460:Neurologic Examination / Q000187:drug effects; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D007980:Levodopa