title: Endothelial and adrenergic dysfunction in Raynaud's phenomenon and scleroderma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the involvement of endothelial and adrenergic mechanisms in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) and scleroderma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients with RP and scleroderma and 10 healthy volunteer controls were studied. Intraarterial methacholine, sodium nitroprusside, and clonidine were administered while bilateral finger blood flow was measured with venous occlusion plethysmography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to the controls, the patients showed diminished responses to methacholine, an endothelium dependent vasodilator, and to clonidine, an alpha2-adrenergic agonist. However, both groups showed similar responses to sodium nitroprusside, an endothelium independent vasodilator.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings were consistent with previous histological evidence of endothelial damage in scleroderma blood vessels. Failure to release nitric oxide from vascular endothelium may play a role in RP in patients with scleroderma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA. aa2613@wayne.edu
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Freedman
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Girgis
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Mayes
mesh_terms: D000322:Adrenergic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D003000:Clonidine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016210:Methacholine Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011928:Raynaud Disease / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011941:Receptors, Adrenergic / Q000378:metabolism*; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000322:Adrenergic Agonists; D011941:Receptors, Adrenergic; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D016210:Methacholine Chloride; D003000:Clonidine