title: Improved recording techniques of antidromic facial nerve response for outpatient clinical use.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to obtain an analyzable wave of the antidromic facial nerve response (ADFNR) without interference of the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) at the outpatient clinic setting.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  To evaluate intratemporal facial nerve function with the ADFNR, it is necessary to analyze the waveform of propagating nerve impulses in the temporal bone. However, this small nerve response is easily disturbed by the CMAP, which is simultaneously evoked by electrical stimulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The ADFNR was recorded at the entrance of the external ear canal and simultaneously at the anulus tympanicus. Subtraction between the responses evoked at both sites was performed to eliminate the CMAP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ADFNR was recorded after subtraction of the response recorded at the entrance of the external ear canal from that at the anulus tympanicus. The normal ADFNR had a triphasic waveform. With the placement of the reference electrode at the entrance of the external ear canal, the responses were similar to the subtracted responses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We recommend the subtraction method and placement of the reference electrode at the entrance of the external auditory canal to record an analyzable ADFNR and to simplify the recording techniques.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakatani
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saito
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004594:Electrophysiology / Q000379:methods; D005154:Facial Nerve / Q000502:physiology*; D005158:Facial Paralysis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged