title: Routine autotransplantation of at least one parathyroid gland during total thyroidectomy may reduce permanent hypoparathyroidism to zero.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Permanent hypoparathyroidism, although a recognized complication of total thyroidectomy, is an outcome that all endocrine surgeons try to avoid.
  
  
  METHODS
  To minimize the risk of postoperative hypoparathyroidism a strategy was developed of routine autotransplantation of at least one parathyroid gland into the ipsilateral sternomastoid muscle during every total thyroidectomy. One hundred consecutive patients undergoing total thyroidectomy were included in the study. Serum calcium and albumin levels were measured pre-operatively, on the first 2 postoperative days, and after 2 weeks, or until return to normal serum calcium levels without calcium supplementation. If patients developed biochemical evidence or symptoms of hypocalcaemia postoperatively, a calcium replacement was administered according to defined protocol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 74 cases one parathyroid gland was autotransplanted: 44 for inadvertent removal or anatomical reasons, 19 because of devascularization (assessed by a cut through the gland's capsule and evaluation of the capillary bleeding pattern), and 11 by protocol. In 25 cases, two or more glands were autotransplanted. Fourteen patients developed symptoms of hypocalcaemia and received calcium supplementation, as did another 13 asymptomatic patients with only biochemical evidence of hypocalcaemia. At follow-up 3 months postoperatively the incidence of permanent hypoparathyroidism was zero, with all patients being normocalcaemic without calcium supplementation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This strategy, easily adopted by any experienced surgeon, has the potential to eliminate permanent hypoparathyroidism following total thyroidectomy.
authors.affiliation: Endocrine Surgical Unit, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zedenius
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wadstrom
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Delbridge
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007011:Hypoparathyroidism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010280:Parathyroid Glands / Q000637:transplantation*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013965:Thyroidectomy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous