title: Matrix metalloproteinase-9 is increased and correlates with severity in Guillain-Barré syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) MMP-2 (72-kd type IV collagenase, gelatinase A), MMP-3 (58-kd stromelysin-1), and MMP-9 (92-kd type IV collagenase, gelatinase B) and tissue inhibitors of MPs (TIMP) in patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  MMPs are able to proteolysis of basement membranes and other matrix components, promoting transmigration of inflammatory cells from circulation to nerve tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five patients with GBS were analyzed according to the phase of the disease, i.e., progression, plateau, early recovery, and late recovery. Determinations of MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 were performed using ELISA, zymography, and immunocytochemistry in circulation or peripheral nerve.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MMP-9 plasma levels were increased in 67% of patients on admission and decreased from progression to late recovery (p < 0.002). During the course of GBS, MMP-9 was progressively balanced by its inhibitor TIMP-1, as assessed by the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio. MMP-9 and TIMP-1 plasma levels and the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio correlated positively with disability. MMP-2 expression was similar to controls. MMP-3 activity was not detected, and plasma levels were not different from those in controls. Positive MMP-9 immunolabeling was 51 +/- 11% of circulating lymphocytes. It was observed in some endothelial cells and mononuclear cells adherent to the endothelium and close to myelinated fibers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Circulating matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-9) correlates with disease severity in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). MMP-9 likely represents an important molecule in the pathogenesis of GBS and therefore could represent an interesting therapeutic target.
authors.affiliation: Réseau de Neuroimmunologie de Nerf Périphérique (AP/HP), The Groupe d'Etudes et de Recherches sur le Muscle et le Nerf, GERMEN, EA2341 Université Paris 12, Val-de-Merne, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Créange
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sharshar
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Planchenault
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Christov
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Poron
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Raphaël
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Gherardi
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020275:Guillain-Barre Syndrome / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000201:enzymology; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000097:blood; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 / Q000097:blood; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000097:blood*; D010543:Peroneal Nerve / Q000473:pathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9