title: Effect of margin design, cement polymerization, and angle of loading on stress in porcelain veneers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The clinical failure of porcelain veneers may result from stresses induced in the porcelain during mastication.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated whether applied stresses were large enough to cause porcelain fracture, examined the influence of the margin design, and examined whether a lack of bond in the middle, cervical, or incisal area would have any influence on stress distribution.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 2-dimensional finite element model was made. Location and magnitude of maximum compressive and tensile stresses were calculated in porcelain veneer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Small differences in stress were observed in the margin portion for various cervical designs under the same conditions. An increase in stresses appeared for all situations and in all reading points with a more transverse angulation of load. A significant difference appeared between full bonding and a lack of adhesion in the middle portion, or cervical and incisal areas, of the veneer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A chamfer or shoulder preparation is recommended for porcelain veneer preparations. Careful evaluation of occlusal forces and how these forces affect the facing is indicated. It is important to receive a full bonding between the tooth and facing.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Odontology, University of Lund, Malmö, Sweden. troedson@tin.it
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Troedson
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dérand
mesh_terms: D001732:Bite Force; D002484:Cementation / Q000379:methods*; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000737:chemistry*; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D003801:Dental Veneers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004548:Elasticity; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors; D013314:Stress, Mechanical
chemical_list: D003776:Dental Porcelain