title: Phase I trial of twice-weekly gemcitabine and concurrent radiation in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the maximum-tolerated dose, dose-limiting toxicities, and potential antitumor activity of twice-weekly gemcitabine and concurrent radiation in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen patients with histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the pancreas were studied at the Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The initial dose of gemcitabine was 20 mg/m(2) by 30-minute intravenous infusion each Monday and Thursday for 5 weeks concurrent with 50.4 Gy of radiation to the pancreas. Gemcitabine doses were escalated in 20-mg/m(2) increments in successive cohorts of three to six additional patients until dose-limiting toxicity was observed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The dose-limiting toxicities at 60 mg/m(2) given twice-weekly were nausea/vomiting, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia. Twice-weekly gemcitabine at a 40-mg/m(2) dose was well tolerated. Of the eight patients eligible for a minimum follow-up of 12 months, three remain alive, one of whom has no evidence of disease progression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A dose of twice-weekly gemcitabine at 40 mg/m(2) produced mild thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, nausea, and vomiting when delivered with concurrent radiation to the upper abdomen in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. These data suggest this regimen is well tolerated and may possess significant activity. These data and other observations have resulted in a phase II Cancer and Leukemia Group B study to ascertain the efficacy of this treatment regimen in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27516, USA. ablackst@wfubmc.edu
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Blackstock
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Bernard
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Eagle
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Case
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Poole
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Savage
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Tepper
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D000093542:Gemcitabine