title: Effects of naloxone on nitrous oxide actions in healthy volunteers.
abstract: A number of studies have examined the effects of naloxone on nitrous oxide-induced analgesia with conflicting results. In the present study the effects of a relatively high dose of naloxone was examined to determine its effects on nitrous oxide-induced analgesia, as well as on the subjective and psychomotor effects of nitrous oxide. Fourteen subjects participated in a four-session crossover trial in which they received intravenous injections of either saline or 30mg/70kg naloxone 10min into a 35min period in which they were inhaling either 100% oxygen or 30% nitrous oxide in oxygen. Ten minutes after the naloxone administration, subjects were tested on the cold pressor test. Mood and psychomotor performance were also assessed before, during and after the inhalation period. Subjects reported higher pain ratings after the naloxone injection than the saline injection, but there was no evidence of naloxone reversing the analgesic effects of nitrous oxide. Similarly while naloxone also affected mood and impaired psychomotor performance, there was no evidence of naloxone reversing the effect of nitrous oxide on these measures. The results of this study call into question the role of the opioidergic system in mediating various effects of nitrous oxide in humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Zacny
authors.forename: Aisling
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Conran
authors.forename: Helene
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pardo
authors.forename: Dennis W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Coalson
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: Allan P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Klock
authors.forename: Jerome M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Klafta
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000187:drug effects*; D000698:Analgesia; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009270:Naloxone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D009270:Naloxone; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D010100:Oxygen