title: The role of imagination in facilitating deductive reasoning in 2-, 3- and 4-year-olds.
abstract: When 4- and 6-year-olds are cued to use their imagination, they can overcome the belief bias effect and demonstrate deductive reasoning ability on syllogisms containing contrary-to-fact material. This study tested whether 2- and 3-year-olds could also reason with incongruent syllogisms when encouraged to use their imagination. Eighty-four 2-, 3- and 4-year-olds were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: no cue, word cue, fantasy planet or imagery. Children were then presented with six syllogistic reasoning problems containing incongruent information. In the imagination conditions, 2- and 3-year-olds performed as competently as 4-year-olds. The findings are discussed in relation to other research which suggests that under certain circumstances 2- and 3-year-olds have the capacity for counterfactual thinking.
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sanderson
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003071:Cognition; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007092:Imagination; D008128:Logic; D008297:Male; D008606:Mental Processes; D011897:Random Allocation