title: Vertical and horizontal fluxes of plutonium and americium in the western Mediterranean and the Strait of Gibraltar.
abstract: New data on the vertical distributions of plutonium and americium in the waters of the western Mediterranean and the Strait of Gibraltar are examined in terms of the processes governing their delivery to, transport in and removal from the water column within the basin. Residence times for plutonium and americium in surface waters of approximately 15 and approximately 3 years, respectively, are deduced, and it is shown that by the mid 1990s only approximately 35% of the 239,240Pu and approximately 5% of the 241Am deposited as weapons fallout still resided in the water column. Present 239,240Pu inventories in the water column and the underlying sediments are estimated to be approximately 25 TBq and approximately 40 TBq, respectively, which reconcile well with the time-integrated fallout deposition in this zone, taken to be approximately 69 TBq. The data show that there are significant net outward fluxes of plutonium and americium from the basin through the Strait of Gibraltar at the present time. These appear to be compensated by net inward fluxes of similar magnitude through the Strait of Sicily. Thus, the time-integrated fallout deposition in the western basin can be accounted for satisfactorily in terms of present water column and sediment inventories. Enhanced scavenging on the continental shelves, as evidenced by the appreciably higher transuranic concentrations in shelf sediments, supports this contention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: León Vintró
authors.forename: P I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: O M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Condren
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Downes
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Papucci
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Delfanti
mesh_terms: D000576:Americium / Q000032:analysis*; D005876:Gibraltar; D008522:Mediterranean Sea; D011005:Plutonium / Q000032:analysis*; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011847:Radioactive Fallout / Q000032:analysis; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry*; D013997:Time Factors; D014878:Water Pollution, Radioactive / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D011847:Radioactive Fallout; D011005:Plutonium; D000576:Americium