title: A comparison of fetal behaviour in breech and cephalic presentations at term.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate fetal behaviour in breech and cephalic fetuses at term, using a computerised fetal behaviour program.
  
  
  METHODS
  An observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pregnancy Assessment Centre, University Hospital, Nottingham.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six breech and 58 cephalic fetuses between 36 and 41 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Behaviour (fetal heart rate and activity) was recorded with the use of Doppler ultrasound. The duration of recording was 60 minutes or more in all but four recordings (minimum 49 minutes).
  
  
  METHODS
  Behavioural criteria studied were 1. the relative percentage time spent in low and high variation fetal heart rate patterns; 2. the duration and recurrence of fetal activity; 3. the number of accelerations in low and high fetal heart rate variation; and 4. the number of fetal behavioural state transitions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Breech fetuses differed from the cephalic group in that they were lighter than the cephalic fetuses (median 3105 g vs 3400 g; P < 0.01) and were born to older mothers (median maternal age 30 years vs 28 years; P < 0.01). No significant differences were found in rates of movement, numbers of accelerations and time exhibiting low and high fetal heart rate variation. However, breech fetuses exhibited significantly more state transitions (median 5.2/h vs 3.69/h; P = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that breech fetuses are neurologically different from their cephalic counterparts in otherwise healthy pregnancies, and that subtle behavioural differences can be demonstrated in utero using this computerised method.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Obstetrics, Midwifery and Gynaecology, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Kean
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Suwanrath
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Gargari
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Sahota
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: James
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight; D001946:Breech Presentation; D005260:Female; D005324:Fetal Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D005333:Fetus / Q000502:physiology*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006340:Heart Rate, Fetal / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007746:Labor Presentation; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome