title: Phase II trial of docetaxel, cisplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin as induction for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the toxicity and efficacy of a 4-day regimen of docetaxel, cisplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin (TPFL4) in patients with locoregionally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty previously untreated patients with stage III or IV SCCHN and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group functional status of 2 or less were treated with TPFL4. Postchemotherapy support included prophylactic growth factors and antibiotics. Patients who achieved a complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) to three cycles of TPFL4 received definitive twice-daily radiation therapy. The primary end points were toxicity and response to TPFL4.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-five cycles were administered to 30 patients. The major acute toxicities to TPFL4 were mucositis and nausea. One patient died of neutropenic sepsis during therapy. Additional major toxicities were neutropenia, anorexia, nephropathy, neuropathy, and diarrhea. Fourteen percent of all cycles were associated with hospitalization for toxicity. The overall clinical response rate to TPFL4 was 93%, with 63% CRs and 30% PRs. Primary tumor site clinical and pathologic response rates were 93% and 68%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TPFL4 has an acceptable toxicity profile in good-performance-status patients. Modification of the 5-day TPFL regimen (TPFL5: shorter chemotherapy infusion time, earlier intervention with growth factors and antibiotics) led to fewer episodes of febrile neutropenia and hospitalization. Response rates to TPFL justify further evaluation of combinations of these agents in the context of formal clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Head and Neck Oncology Program and Department of Biostatistics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA. alexandervcolevas@dfci.harvard.edu
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Colevas
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Norris
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Tishler
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Fried
authors.forename: H I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Gomolin
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Amrein
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nixon
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lamb
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Costello
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barton
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Read
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Adak
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Posner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D006801:Humans; D002955:Leucovorin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D009061:Mouth Mucosa; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced*; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D013280:Stomatitis / Q000139:chemically induced*; D043823:Taxoids / Q000031:analogs & derivatives
chemical_list: D043823:Taxoids; D017239:Paclitaxel; D002945:Cisplatin; D002955:Leucovorin; D005472:Fluorouracil