title: Two modifications of the radial forearm flap for reconstruction of complex facial defects.
abstract: The free radial forearm flap has been one of the most common free flaps of recent decades. This flap is employed predominantly in head and neck reconstruction. The possibility of combining bone, muscle, and nerves with the fasciocutaneous flap greatly enhanced reconstructive options. However, the frequently unsightly donor site and the development of other readily available free flaps have led to a decline in the use of the radial forearm flap. Nevertheless, for reconstruction in head and neck surgery, with the need for thin, pliable tissues and a long vascular pedicle, the radial forearm flap still remains a prime choice. Two modifications of the standard forearm flap are presented. The first patient had two large defects at the nose and mental area after radical resection of a basal-cell carcinoma. Soft-tissue reconstruction was achieved with a conventional forearm flap and a second additional skin island based on a perforator vessel originating proximally from the pedicle. Both skin islands were independently mobile and could be sutured tension-free into the defects after tunneling through the cheek, with vascular anastomosis to the facial vessels. The second patient required additional volume to fill the orbital cavity after enucleation of the eye due to an ulcerating basal-cell carcinoma. In this case, the body of the flexor carpi radialis muscle was included in the skin flap to fill the defect. The skin island was used to reconstruct the major soft-tissue defect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Burn Center, BG, Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Germann
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Busching
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wittemann
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D004954:Esthetics; D005145:Face / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D016038:Skin Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D014945:Wound Healing