title: Detection of endogenous alkaline phosphatase activity in intact cells by flow cytometry using the fluorogenic ELF-97 phosphatase substrate.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The alkaline phosphatase (AP) substrate 2-(5'-chloro-2'-phosphoryloxyphenyl)-6-chloro-4-(3H)-quinazolinone (ELF((R))-97 for enzyme-labeled fluorescence) has been found useful for the histochemical detection of endogenous AP activity and AP-tagged proteins and oligonucleotide probes. In this study, we evaluated its effectiveness at detecting endogenous AP activity by flow cytometry.
  
  
  METHODS
  The ELF-97 phosphatase substrate was used to detect endogenous AP activity in UMR-106 rat osteosarcoma cells and primary cultures of chick chondrocytes. Cells were labeled with the ELF-97 reagent and analyzed by flow cytometry using an argon ultraviolet (UV) laser. For comparison purposes, cells were also assayed for AP using a Fast Red Violet LB azo dye assay previously described for use in detecting AP activity by flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ELF-97 phosphatase substrate effectively detected endogenous AP activity in UMR-106 cells, with over 95% of the resulting fluorescent signal resulting from AP-specific activity (as determined by levamisole inhibition of AP activity). In contrast, less than 70% of the fluorescent signal from the Fast Red Violet LB (FRV) assay was AP-dependent, reflecting the high intrinsic fluorescence of the unreacted components. The ELF-97 phosphatase assay was also able to detect very low AP activity in chick chondrocytes that was undetectable by the azo dye method.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ELF-97 phosphatase assay was able to detect endogenous AP activity in fixed mammalian and avian cells by flow cytometry with superior sensitivity to previously described assays. This work also shows the applicability of ELF-97 to flow cytometry, supplementing its previously demonstrated histochemical applications.
authors.affiliation: Immunology and Inflammation Section, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA. telfordw@box-t.nih.gov
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Telford
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stiner
authors.forename: V L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Singer
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Doty
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D001859:Bone Neoplasms; D002642:Chick Embryo; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D012516:Osteosarcoma; D011799:Quinazolines; D052999:Quinazolinones; D051381:Rats; D011930:Reaction Time; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D011799:Quinazolines; D052999:Quinazolinones; C117141:fast red violet; C079177:2-(5'-chloro-2'-phosphoryloxyphenyl)-6-chloro-4-(3H)-quinazolinone; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase