title: Predictive factors for cholelithiasis complications.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cholelithiasis is a benign disease that is very frequently encountered throughout the world. Its surgical mortality is usually minimal (0.1%), but the risk is considerably greater (2-10%) in patients developing complications particularly if they are elderly. The identification of possible predictive signs of complications is therefore crucial for the indication of preventive surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study retrospectively examined 490 patients admitted to hospital because of complicated and uncomplicated cholelithiasis in order to establish the existence of previous (clinical or instrumental) symptoms that may be predictive of the course of the disease. The analysis of some variables (age, sex, pregnancy, diet, ethanol consumption, smoking, previous/concomitant diseases, and blood chemistry and instrumental test results) and the specific symptoms of cholelithiasis made it possible to identify two potential risk factors: an age of more than 60 years and the onset of biliary colic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The risk of developing complications is 3.2 times greater in patients aged more than 60 years than in those who are younger, and 3.3 times greater in symptomatic than in asymptomatic patients. Statistical analysis also revealed that the risk of complications is about ten times greater in patients with both risk factors than in those with neither.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, the indication for surgery must be considered absolute in symptomatic patients aged more than 60 years and relative to younger symptomatic patients.
authors.affiliation: Chair of Surgical Gastroenterology, University of Milan School of Medicine, Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tritapepe
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Piro
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Annoni
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Segala
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors