title: Effect of supplemental sodium chloride and hydrochloric acid added to initial starter diets containing spray-dried blood plasma and lactose on resulting performance and nitrogen digestibility of 3-week-old weaned pigs.
abstract: Four experiments evaluated the efficacy of Na or Cl or their combination added to weanling pig diets that contained plasma protein and lactose on pig performance and N digestibility. The four experiments used a total of 563 crossbred pigs weaned at 22+/-1 d of age averaging 6.4 kg body weight. The basal diet in each experiment contained 5.8% plasma protein and 20% lactose and analyzed .20% Na and .23% Cl. In Exp. 1, NaCl was added to treatment diets at 0, .20, .40, or .60%. The trial was conducted for a 21 d period in a randomized complete block (RCB) design in seven replicates. Improved growth rates (P < .01) and gain:feed ratios (P < .01) occurred up to a dietary salt level of .40%. In Exp. 2, we evaluated the interaction of Na and Cl on pig performance. The experiment was a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement in a RCB design conducted in seven replicates. Total dietary Na was .20 or .36%, and Cl was included at .25 or .45%. Although there was a numerical increase in pig gains with added Na, the response was not significant (P > .15), but both gains (P < .01) and gain:feed ratios (P < .01) increased at the higher dietary Cl level. In Exp. 3, we evaluated the effect of five dietary levels of Cl added at .06% increments to a basal diet that analyzed .34% Na and .20% Cl on postweaning pig performance. The experiment was a RCB design conducted in eight replicates. A growth response (P < .01) to the .38% Cl level occurred during the initial 14-d postweaning period and to the .32% Cl level from 14 to 21 d. Gain:feed ratio increased each week with added Cl, but it was significant only for the period from d 0 to 7 d (P < .01). A N digestibility trial, using the diets of Exp. 3, constituted Exp. 4, and groups of three pigs per stainless steel metabolism crate were pair-fed to pigs fed the basal diet. The experiment was a RCB design conducted in three replicates over a 3-wk period. The results demonstrated a weekly decrease in fecal N (P < .01), no effect on urinary N (P < .15), improved N retention (P < .01), and an improved apparent N digestibility (P < .01) to the .38% dietary Cl concentration during the initial 2 wk postweaning. These experiments suggest that although plasma protein contributed Na and Cl to the initial diets of weaned pigs, additional Na and Cl, but particularly Cl, improved pig growth, N retention, and N digestibility. The results suggest a dietary minimum of .38% total Cl level during the initial 2 wk postweaning.
authors.affiliation: The Ohio State University and the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Columbus 43210-1095, USA.
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Mahan
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Wiseman
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Weaver
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Russell
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004063:Digestion; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007785:Lactose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013552:Swine / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D014886:Weaning
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D007785:Lactose; D009584:Nitrogen; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid