title: Expression of genes for estrogen receptors alpha and beta in human articular chondrocytes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the gene expression of estrogen receptor (ER) alpha and ERbeta in human articular chondrocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  16 articular cartilage specimens were obtained from 15 patients during surgery. Three of the specimens were from men and 13 from women; three from hip joints and 13 from knee joints; four were normal and 12 showed osteoarthritic cartilage. Total RNA was extracted from the articular chondrocytes and the expression of both ERalpha and ERbeta genes was investigated by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gene expressions of ERalpha were detected in all specimens and those of ERbeta were found in 15 specimens by the RT-PCR method. There was a significant correlation between the amounts of ERalpha and ERbeta. Expression levels of both genes were significantly higher in men than in women. There were no significant differences in the expression levels of both ER genes between the hip and knee joint sites, nor between normal and osteoarthritic tissues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study is to our knowledge the first to demonstrate the gene expression of both ERalpha and ERbeta in human articular chondrocytes. Since there are some functional differences between the two receptors, the effects of estrogen on cartilage metabolism should be elucidated by two different receptor mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: The Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Otsu, 520-2192, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ushiyama
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ueyama
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ohkubo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hukuda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000378:metabolism*; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen