title: Mechanism of action of sodium cyanide on rat diaphragm muscle.
abstract: The effects of sodium cyanide (NaCN) were investigated on the contractile and electrophysiological properties of rat diaphragm muscles in vitro. Sodium cyanide (0.1-1.0 mM) produced an initial potentiation of directly elicited twitch tensions, followed by a slow progressive depression. The potentiation and depression were both dependent on the NaCN concentration and stimulation frequency. Muscles exposed to NaCN exhibited marked reductions of creatine phosphate concentration, but ATP levels were not significantly lowered. Sodium cyanide had no effect on the resting potential, input resistance or action potential, indicating that the toxicity of the metabolic inhibitor is not mediated by alterations of membrane excitability or passive electrical properties. Sodium cyanide reduced the amplitude of contractures elicited by 70 mM K(2)SO(4), suggesting that the actions of NaCN cannot be explained by a failure of action potentials to propagate across the muscle surface or within t-tubular membranes. Sodium cyanide suppressed the first phase of the caffeine contracture, an observation consistent with an impaired release of, or reduced sensitivity to, sarcoplasmic reticular Ca(2+), but did not alter the amplitude of the second phase, which represents rigor following ATP depletion. These results, in conjunction with those of previous studies, suggest that the depression in muscle tension following exposure to NaCN may result from alterations in Ca(2+) homeostasis, intracellular acidosis or from accumulation of one or more products of phosphocreatine breakdown.
authors.affiliation: Neurotoxicology Branch, Pharmacology Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adler
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Lebeda
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Kauffman
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Deshpande
mesh_terms: D000138:Acidosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism; D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008566:Membranes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010725:Phosphocreatine / Q000378:metabolism; D011042:Poisons / Q000633:toxicity*; D011188:Potassium / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012966:Sodium Cyanide / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D011042:Poisons; D010725:Phosphocreatine; D002110:Caffeine; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D012966:Sodium Cyanide; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium