title: Co-occupancy of the interferon regulatory element of the class II transactivator (CIITA) type IV promoter by interferon regulatory factors 1 and 2.
abstract: Class II transactivator (CIITA) activates the expression of major histocompatibility class II genes, which encode antigen-presenting molecules recognized by the T-cell receptor of CD4+ T cells. IFN-gamma induced CIITA transcription in many cell types is directed by the CIITA Type IV promoter. Here we report that the human CIITA Type IV promoter IRF-E binds IRF-1 and can be activated by exogenous expression of IRF-1. Surprisingly, the CIITA Type IV promoter IRF-E is also activated by IRF-2, another member of the IRF family that generally acts as a transcriptional repressor. In addition, we found that IRF-1 and IRF-2 synergistically activate the CIITA Type IV promoter. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed that IRF-1 and IRF-2 can simultaneously occupy the IRF-E of the CIITA Type IV promoter, suggesting a novel mechanism for the role of these two proteins in promoter activation. Our results also indicate that IRF-1 and IRF-2 can cooperatively activate and co-occupy the IRF-E of the guanylate binding protein (GBP) promoter. Finally, CIITA induction by IFN-gamma does not occur in a pancreatic tumor cell line that expresses a mutated IRF-2, representing the first IRF-2 mutation identified in a human tumor cell line.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, FL 33612, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Eason
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dovhey
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Blanck
mesh_terms: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D050856:Interferon Regulatory Factor-1; D050836:Interferon Regulatory Factor-2; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics*; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C494257:IRF1 protein, human; C494229:IRF2 protein, human; D050856:Interferon Regulatory Factor-1; D050836:Interferon Regulatory Factor-2; C083728:MHC class II transactivator protein; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors