title: Signal modulation in (1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopy using contrast agents: proton relaxivities of choline, creatine, and N-acetylaspartate.
abstract: The effect of gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) on the proton relaxation properties of choline, creatine and N-acetylaspartate has been assessed quantitatively. The compounds studied, either directly or indirectly as chemical constituents of other compounds, contribute to proton MR spectroscopy observable metabolite resonances. The longitudinal and transverse Gd-DTPA proton relaxivities of the methyl groups of choline, creatine, and N-acetylaspartate have been determined at 1.5 T. The longitudinal relaxivity of lactate has also been measured. Longitudinal and transverse relaxivity values were found to vary in the order N-acetylaspartate < creatine < choline. Using choline as an example, the maximum possible signal enhancement predicted in vivo in the presence of 0.5 mM Gd-DTPA (using a T(1)-weighted sequence, TR = 888 msec, TE = 20 msec) was found to be approximately 100 %. For a T(2)-weighted sequence (TR = 3000 msec, TE = 270 msec) a maximum signal loss of 53 % was calculated. The present study indicates why the use of contrast agents in spectroscopic investigations may lead to significant changes in signal intensities. Magn Reson Med 42:1155-1158, 1999.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Campaign Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Institute of Cancer Research, and Royal Marsden National Health Service Trust, Surrey, UK.
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Leach
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Rowland
mesh_terms: D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D002794:Choline; D003287:Contrast Media; D003401:Creatine; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D011522:Protons
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D011522:Protons; D001224:Aspartic Acid; C000179:N-acetylaspartate; D003401:Creatine; D002794:Choline