title: Modulation of respiratory frequency by peptidergic input to rhythmogenic neurons in the preBötzinger complex.
abstract: Neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R) and mu-opioid receptor (muOR) agonists affected respiratory rhythm when injected directly into the preBötzinger Complex (preBötC), the hypothesized site for respiratory rhythmogenesis in mammals. These effects were mediated by actions on preBötC rhythmogenic neurons. The distribution of NK1R+ neurons anatomically defined the preBötC. Type 1 neurons in the preBötC, which have rhythmogenic properties, expressed both NK1Rs and muORs, whereas type 2 neurons expressed only NK1Rs. These findings suggest that the preBötC is a definable anatomic structure with unique physiological function and that a subpopulation of neurons expressing both NK1Rs and muORs generate respiratory rhythm and modulate respiratory frequency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, University of California Los Angeles, Box 951763, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1763, USA.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Rekling
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bocchiaro
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Feldman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020875:Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)- / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008526:Medulla Oblongata / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009474:Neurons / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018080:Receptors, GABA-B / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology; D018040:Receptors, Neurokinin-1 / Q000819:agonists / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology*; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu / Q000819:agonists / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology*; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013373:Substance P / Q000494:pharmacology; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D018080:Receptors, GABA-B; D018040:Receptors, Neurokinin-1; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu; D020875:Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; D013373:Substance P