title: Distribution and regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 in carrageenan-induced inflammation.
abstract: 1 We characterized the regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) at the mRNA, protein and mediator level in two rat models of acute inflammation, carrageenan-induced paw oedema and mechanical hyperalgesia. 2 Carrageenan was injected in the hind paw of rat at low (paw oedema) and high doses (hyperalgesia). COX-2 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels were measured by RT-PCR and immunological assays. We also determined the distribution of COX-2 by immunohistochemistry. 3 The injection of carrageenan produced a significant and parallel induction of both COX-2 and PGE2. This induction was significantly higher in hyperalgesia than in paw oedema. This was probably due to the 9 fold higher concentration of carrageenan used to provoke hyperalgesia. 4 Immunohistochemical examination showed COX-2 immunoreactivity in the epidermis, skeletal muscle and inflammatory cells of rats experiencing hyperalgesia. In paw oedema however, only the epidermis showed positive COX-2 immunoreactivity. 5 Pretreatment with indomethacin completely abolished the induction of COX-2 in paw oedema but not in hyperalgesia. 6 These results suggest that multiple mechanisms regulate COX-2 induction especially in the more severe model. In carrageenan-induced paw oedema, prostanoid production have been linked through the expression of the COX-2 gene which suggest the presence of a positive feedback loop mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Merck Frosst Center for Therapeutic Research, P.O. Box 1005, Dorval-Pointe-Claire, Québec, H9R 4P8, Canada. francois_nantel@merck.com
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nantel
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Denis
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Northey
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cirino
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Metters
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002351:Carrageenan / Q000633:toxicity*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D017931:DNA Primers; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000201:enzymology*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D007527:Isoenzymes; D002351:Carrageenan; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D015232:Dinoprostone; D007213:Indomethacin