title: [Shock and acute organ dysfunction].
abstract: Multiple trauma, hemorrhage, and sepsis may produce various kinds of shock, and such a host as shock could not be controlled and may easily fall into multiple organ dysfunction. Although those mechanisms on the pathogenesis of these sequential inflammatory responses have been clarified recently, the clinical outcome of such patients suffering from severe sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction is still very low. This inflammatory response against the insult shows a sequential manner; cardiovascular system failure, renal system failure, respiratory system failure, central nervous system failure, and finally, hepatic failure. However, the host response to the insult is a kind of defense against the invasion, and the clinical goal might be to stabilize hemodynamic system, metabolic system, and immunologic system. To achieve hemodynamic homeostasis, we use catecholamines and blood transfusion to improve the oxygen supply to important organs and enhance tissue repair. For metabolic homeostasis, early administration of hyperalimentation may be needed, either parenterally or enterally. Enteral feeding may also provided a route for bacterial translocation. To achieve immunologic homeostasis, prophylactic antibiotic administration and metabolic support may be required and should also protect against infection as a secondary invasion. This review explains these mechanisms in terms of the relationship between shock and organ dysfunction and the general features of clinical management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Traumatology and Critical Care Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yukioka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shimazaki
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000150:complications; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D009104:Multiple Trauma / Q000150:complications; D018529:Nutritional Support; D018805:Sepsis / Q000150:complications; D012769:Shock / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002395:Catecholamines