title: Granulocyte elastase and systemic cytokine response after laparoscopic-assisted and open resections in Crohn's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess whether systemic proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6), anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10), acute phase proteins (C-reactive protein), or granulocyte elastase are valuable indicators for determining the degree of surgical trauma after open vs. laparoscopic-assisted resections in Crohn's disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven patients in each group (open and laparoscopic-assisted surgery) were matched for indication, surgical procedure, and Crohn's disease activity index. Serum IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum C-reactive protein was determined by immunoturbidimetric assay. Plasma granulocyte elastase was determined by immunoactivation immunoassay. Blood was sampled preoperatively, six hours after the operation, and at postoperative Days 1 to 5.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-4 was not detectable in any sample analyzed. Serum IL-6 and IL-10 levels peaked postoperatively in both groups without significant differences between laparoscopic-assisted (185.6 +/-54.1 pg/ml and 112.1 +/- 19.4 pg/ml, respectively; mean +/-standard error of the mean) and open surgery (431.1 +/-240.4 pg/ml and 196.7 +/- 56.5 pg/ml, respectively). Serum C-reactive protein levels also rose postoperatively, with a peak on the second day, but showed similar values after laparoscopic-assisted (107.1 +/- 12.1 mg/l) and open (128.3 +/- 17.5 mg/l) surgery. Plasma granulocyte elastase levels peaked on the first and second postoperative day and were found elevated almost throughout the five-day observation period. Comparison between the groups revealed significantly (P < 0.02) lower values after laparoscopic-assisted (Day 1, 46.5 +/- 8.9 microg/l; Day 2, 41.9 +/- 5.9 microg/l) when compared with open surgery (Day 1, 89.7 +/- 13.8 microg/l; Day 2, 91.4 +/- 14).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum IL-6 and IL-10 may not be ideal measures for evaluation of the degree of tissue trauma in laparoscopic-assisted and open resections in Crohn's disease, probably because of interference with disease-specific cytokine interactions. In contrast, granulocyte elastase has to be considered a strong marker discriminating the different severity of surgical trauma induced by laparoscopic-assisted vs. open resection in Crohn's disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hildebrandt
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kessler
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pistorius
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lindemann
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Ecker
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Feifel
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Menger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000601:surgery*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D007378:Interleukins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010535:Laparoscopy; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009391:Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015850:Interleukin-6; D007378:Interleukins; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase