title: Patient race and ethnicity in primary care management of child behavior problems: a report from PROS and ASPN. Pediatric Research in Office Settings. Ambulatory Sentinel Practice Network.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Minority persons have less access to many specialty treatments and services, possibly because of clinician biases. It is not clear whether any such biases exist in primary care settings, especially for children with psychosocial problems.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to compare primary care recognition and treatment of pediatric psychosocial problems among African American, Hispanic American and European American patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A survey was made of parents and respective clinicians in primary care offices in two large practice-based research networks (PROS and ASPN) from 44 states, Canada, and Puerto Rico. Mixed regression analyses were employed to control for patient, clinician, and practice effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were 14,910 children aged 4 to 15 years seen consecutively for non-emergent care by 286 primary care clinicians in office-based practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Measures were parents' report for sociodemographics and behavioral symptoms using the Pediatric Symptom Checklist, and clinicians' report of psychosocial problems, type, management, and severity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the sample, 8.0% were African American youth, 9.5% were Hispanic American youth, and 82.5% were European American youth. After controlling for other factors, race and ethnicity were not associated with any differences in psychotropic drug prescribing, counseling, referral, or recognition of psychosocial problems. Clinicians reported spending slightly more time with minority patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Race and ethnic status were not related to receipt of mental health services for children in primary care offices, suggesting that clinician biases may not be the primary cause of the racial differences in services noted earlier research. Improving services for minority youth may require increasing access to office-based primary care.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and the University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Kelleher
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Childs
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Angelilli
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Comer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002170:Canada; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000628:therapy; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011320:Primary Health Care; D011647:Puerto Rico; D012044:Regression Analysis; D014481:United States