title: The MR imaging features of the posterior intermalleolar ligament in patients with posterior impingement syndrome of the ankle.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the MR imaging features of the posterior intermalleolar ligament (IML) in patients with posterior impingement syndrome (PIS) of the ankle.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three patients (one male and two females, 13-25 years of age) are presented. Each patient presented clinically with symptoms of PIS of the ankle. Plain film examination was negative for a structural cause of the PIS in all patients. MR images were obtained with a 1.5 T scanner using an extremity coil. Clinical data and, in one patient, findings at ankle arthroscopy, were correlated with the results of MR imaging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ankle MR images from the three patients with a clinical diagnosis of PIS are presented. Findings in all patients included: (1) absence of another structural cause of the PIS (i.e., an os trigonum, trigonal process, fracture, loose bodies, etc.), (2) identification of the IML as a structure discrete from the posterior talofibular and tibiofibular ligaments, and (3) prominence of the IML as indicated by (a) identification of the IML in three different imaging planes, and (b) a caliber of the IML comparable to that of the conventional posterior ankle ligaments visualized in the same imaging plane. Arthroscopic resection of a meniscoid IML resulted in resolution of the PIS in one of the patients presented.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MR imaging is an effective means of investigating the IML as a potential cause of PIS. The identification of a prominent IML in the absence of another structural cause of PIS indicates that impingement of the IML is the most likely cause of PIS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fiorella
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Helms
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Nunley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000473:pathology*; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis; D003615:Dancing / Q000293:injuries; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008023:Ligaments, Articular / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male