title: Comparison of cattle and sheep colonic permeabilities to horseradish peroxidase and hamster scrapie prion protein in vitro.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Paracellular permeability to solutes across the descending colon is much higher in cattle than sheep. This is a possible route for transmission of infective materials, such as scrapie prion.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the permeabilities of labelled scrapie prion protein and other macromolecules in bovine and ovine descending colons in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using fresh slaughterhouse material, transepithelial fluxes of macromolecules across colonic mucosae mounted in Ussing chambers were measured by monitoring transport of either enzyme activity or radioactivity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The comparative bovine to ovine permeability ratio of the probes increased with molecular weight: from 3.1 (0.13) for PEG400 to 10.67 (0.20) (p<0.001) for PEG4000; and from 1.64 (0.17) for microperoxidase to 7.03 (0.20) (p<0.001) for horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The permeability of (125)I-labelled inactivated Syrian hamster scrapie prion protein (ShaPrP(sc)) was 7.02 (0.33)-fold higher in bovine than ovine colon (p<0.0025). In each species, the probe permeabilities decreased according to the formula: P = P(o). exp(-K.ra). The "ideal" permeabilities, P(o) are similar, however, K((ovine)) = 2.46 (0.20) cm/h/nm exceeds K((bovine)) = 0.85 (0.15) cm/h/nm (p<0.001) indicating that bovine colon has a higher proportion of wide pores than ovine. Image analysis confirmed that HRP permeated through the bovine mucosal layer via a pericryptal paracellular route much more rapidly than in sheep.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data may imply that scrapie prion is transmitted in vivo more easily across the low resistance bovine colonic barrier than in other species.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biomedical Sciences (Physiology Group), King's College, London, UK.
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: McKie
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Zammit
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Naftalin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism*; D003106:Colon / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006224:Cricetinae; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010539:Permeability; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000378:metabolism; D011328:Prions / Q000378:metabolism*; D012756:Sheep / Q000378:metabolism*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D011328:Prions; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase; D010544:Peroxidases; C021799:microperoxidase