title: Seroprevalence of human papillomavirus type 16 in pregnant women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the seroprevalence of and risk factors for human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 capsid antibodies in a large cohort of pregnant women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Antibodies against in vitro produced HPV-16 capsids were measured in stored sera from 2597 pregnant women enrolled from 1984 through 1989 in the Vaginal Infection and Prematurity Study, New Orleans site.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women in this study were primarily black (83.4%) with a mean age of 23.4 years (standard deviation [SD], 5.1), mean number of sexual partners in lifetime was 3.3 (SD, 6.6), and the mean age at sexual debut was 16.7 years (SD, 2.2). Overall, 28.0% (n = 727) of these women were positive for HPV-16 capsid antibodies. In bivariate analysis, the presence of antibodies against HPV-16 was correlated with numerous demographic characteristics as well as history of various sexually transmitted diseases. However, neither current cervical or vaginal infection nor adverse obstetric outcome was associated with increased detection of HPV-16 antibodies. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, factors predictive of HPV-16 seropositivity were: more than five lifetime sexual partners (odds ratio [OR], 1.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28, 2.52), 6 or more years of sexual activity (OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.22, 2.78), level of education (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.03, 1.55), and history of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection (OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.20, 1.96).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HPV-16 seropositivity correlates with measures of sexual activity, confirming its role as a sexually transmitted disease, and its prevalence is similar to that in nonpregnant populations. HPV-16 seropositivity does not predict an adverse obstetric outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans 70112, USA. mhagen@lsumc.edu
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Hagensee
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Slavinsky
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Gaffga
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Suros
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kissinger
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D002213:Capsid / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000276:immunology*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral