title: Prevalence and genetic diversity of cagD, cagE, and vacA in Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from Japanese patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although cagD and cagE (cagDE) identified upstream of cagA have been shown to be involved in the induction of interleukin (IL)-8 expression, the relationship between cagDE status and gastroduodenal diseases still remains to be examined. Thus we investigated prevalence and genetic diversity of cagD, cagE, and vacA in Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from patients with peptic ulcer or gastritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed 73 H. pylori strains isolated from Japanese patients (gastritis (GA), 15; gastric ulcer (GU), 28; duodenal ulcer (DU), 23; GU and DU, 7). The presence of cagDE was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern hybridization. The vacA genotype was examined by PCR, using type-specific primers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  cagDE was present in 13 (86.7%) of 15 patients with GA, 26 (92.9%) of 28 patients with GU, 21 (91.3%) of 23 patients with DU, and 6 (85.7%) of 7 patients with GU and DU (P = 0.89). vacA signal sequence type s1 was found in 14 (93.3%) of 15 patients with GA, 26 (92.9%) of 28 patients with GU, 22 (95.7%) of 23 patients with DU, and 6 (85.7%) of 7 patients with GU and DU (P = 0.84). Sequences of cagDE and vacA in our Japanese strains were highly homologous with one another, and there were no disease-specific mutations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most of the H. pylori strains in Japan were cagDE-positive, vacA s1 type, regardless of clinical outcome. The present study also indicated that these genes were conserved well among our H. pylori isolates.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Clinical Laboratory, Saga Medical School, and Social Insurance Saga, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sadakane
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kusaba
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Nagasawa
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tanabe
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuroki
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tadano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005756:Gastritis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010437:Peptic Ulcer / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015995:Prevalence; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; C074689:VacA protein, Helicobacter pylori