title: Comet assay and DNA flow cytometry analysis of staurosporine-induced apoptosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The ability of the comet assay to quantify DNA strand breaks and alkali labile sites has been widely demonstrated. In this study, this assay was tested for its ability to identify DNA fragmentation occurring during apoptosis in comparison with standard DNA flow cytometry analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Staurosporine-induced apoptosis in CHO cells is an adequate model to study a rapid time- and dose-dependent appearance of this process.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nuclear staining with DAPI confirmed the induction of apoptosis with a typical chromatin condensation and fragmentation. Analysis of propidium-iodide- (PI) stained DNA by flow cytometry showed the presence of a pre-G1 peak, characteristic of apoptotic cells, 6 h after drug treatment. The detection of highly damaged cells (HDC) by the comet assay after 3 h treatment occurred earlier than the detection of apoptotic cells by flow cytometry. However, HDC were missed when the DNA fragmentation was too high, preventing accurate quantification of late apoptotic cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The comet assay is more sensitive than standard DNA flow cytometry to detect early DNA fragmentation events occurring during apoptosis. However, the comet assay modified by omitting electrophoresis was necessary to quantify apoptotic fraction at later stages.
authors.affiliation: GRECAN and INSERM CJF 96-03, Laboratoire de Cancérologie Expérimentale, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Godard
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Deslandes
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lebailly
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vigreux
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Poulain
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sichel
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Poul
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gauduchon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D016466:CHO Cells; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D020552:Comet Assay / Q000379:methods*; D006224:Cricetinae; D004249:DNA Damage; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007211:Indoles; D007700:Kinetics; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D019311:Staurosporine / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007211:Indoles; C007293:DAPI; D019311:Staurosporine