title: Characteristics and prevalence of Helicobacter heilmannii infection in children undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Helicobacter heilmannii, described in 1983 as a new cause of chronic gastritis, has been reported rarely in children. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical characteristics and the prevalence of H. heilmannii infection, in comparison with Helicobacter pylori infection in children undergoing upper digestive endoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diagnosis of H. heilmannii was based on its morphologic characteristics in gastric biopsy specimens (two from the antrum, one from the fundus), whereas H. pylori infection was defined by histology and/or culture (one specimen from the antrum, one from the fundus). Respective prevalences of H. heilmannii and H. pylori were calculated in 518 patients studied prospectively who underwent systematic biopsies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of H. pylori was 8.9% (46/518) and increased with age (from 2% before 3 years of age to 18% after 10 years). On the contrary, the prevalence of H. heilmannii infection was low, 0.4% (2/518), and no different from that published in adults. After completion of the study period, a third H. heilmannii-infected child was diagnosed. Characteristics of H. heilmannii infection could be studied in these three children 5, 9, and 14 years old. Two of three had abdominal pain and one had dysphagia. Nodular gastritis was observed at endoscopy in two children. H. heilmannii chronic active gastritis (n = 3) was localized in the antrum, associated with an interstitial infiltrate, and could not be distinguished from H. pylori gastritis (n = 46).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical characteristics, endoscopic features and gastric histopathology did not allow H. heilmannii to be distinguished from H. pylori gastritis in our pediatric population. H. heilmannii infection should be considered and carefully looked for during histologic examination of gastric specimens in cases of H. pylori-negative gastritis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Lille University Hospital, France.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mention
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Michaud
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guimber
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martin De Lasalle
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vincent
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Turck
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gottrand
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001706:Biopsy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D005260:Female; D005748:Gastric Fundus / Q000382:microbiology; D005756:Gastritis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D016998:Helicobacter / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011706:Pyloric Antrum / Q000382:microbiology; D013270:Stomach / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology