title: Immunolocalization of the keratinocyte growth factor in benign and neoplastic human prostate and its relation to androgen receptor.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Growth and development of the prostate are androgen-dependent. Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), widely expressed by mesenchymal cells, is thought to act like an andromedin between stroma and epithelium of the prostate. Since KGF has recently emerged as an autocrine mediator in prostate cancer, we investigated the role KGF plays in the human prostate and its relationship to androgen receptor (AR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Normal (n = 13), benign hyperplastic (n = 5), and neoplastic (n = 14) human prostate tissues as well as cultured epithelial and stromal cells were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting showed KGF expression in stromal cultured cells of the normal prostate but not in epithelial cells. Using immunohistochemistry, KGF was found to be localized in fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells, independent of prostate disease. There was KGF expression in epithelial cells of BPH and prostate cancer. Human androgen receptor was uniformly expressed in the same secretory glandular cells that were positive for KGF in BPH and prostate cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results provide evidence that KGF is a stromal-derived mediator, recently shown to act in a paracrine manner in normal prostate but now detected in epithelial cells in prostate cancer and BPH. These findings support the hypothesis that KGF might act as an autocrine factor in prostate cancer and BPH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Planz
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Aretz
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tabatabaei
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Kirley
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: McDougal
mesh_terms: D000918:Antibody Specificity; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D051526:Fibroblast Growth Factor 10; D051523:Fibroblast Growth Factor 7; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007633:Keratins / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D011467:Prostate / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C496453:FGF7 protein, human; D051526:Fibroblast Growth Factor 10; D006133:Growth Substances; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D051523:Fibroblast Growth Factor 7; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; D007633:Keratins