title: Envenomation by the scorpion (Centruroides limbatus) outside its natural range and recognition of medically important scorpions.
abstract: A 67-year-old woman presented to a community emergency department in Orange County, CA, after she was stung by a scorpion identified as Centruroides limbatus from Central America. She developed local pain and systemic symptoms, including parasthesias, flushing, hypertension, and wheezing. Envenomation by this genus of scorpion has not previously been reported in Orange County. Scorpions have been reported to be accidentally transported to areas where they are not indigenous, and patients may present anywhere with envenomation by dangerous scorpion species. Physicians should recognize general identifying characteristics of dangerous scorpions and serious signs of envenomation. Almost all dangerous genera of scorpions (including Centruroides sp.) are in the family Buthidae, which can be identified by a triangular sternal plate. Severe systemic signs of envenomation by Centruroides sp. may include respiratory difficulty, somatic neuromuscular dysfunction, and cranial nerve dysfunction. Patients stung by dangerous scorpions may require airway support, extended observation, antivenin, and avoidance of respiratory depressive medications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA, USA.
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Bush
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D000997:Antivenins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002140:California; D003389:Cranial Nerve Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009468:Neuromuscular Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000209:etiology; D065008:Scorpion Stings / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D012604:Scorpion Venoms / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012605:Scorpions
chemical_list: D000997:Antivenins; D012604:Scorpion Venoms