title: The NH(2) terminus of the epithelial sodium channel contains an endocytic motif.
abstract: An epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is composed of three homologous subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. To elucidate the function of the cytoplasmic, NH(2) terminus of rat ENaC (rENaC) subunits, a series of mutant cDNAs was constructed and the cRNAs for all three subunits were expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Amiloride-sensitive Na(+) currents (I(Na)) were measured by the two-electrode voltage clamp technique. Deletion of the cytoplasmic, NH(2) terminus of alpha (Delta2-109), beta (Delta2-49), or gamma-rENaC (Delta2-53) dramatically reduced I(Na). A series of progressive, NH(2)-terminal deletions of alpha-rENaC were constructed to identify motifs that regulate I(Na). Deletion of amino acids 2-46 had no effect on I(Na): however, deletion of amino acids 2-51, 2-55, 2-58, and 2-67 increased I(Na) by approximately 4-fold. By contrast, deletion of amino acids 2-79, 2-89, 2-100, and 2-109 eliminated I(Na). To evaluate the mechanism whereby Delta2-67-alpha-rENaC increased I(Na), single channels were evaluated by patch clamp. The single-channel conductance and open probability of alpha,beta,gamma-rENaC and Delta2-67-alpha,beta,gamma-rENaC were similar. However, the number of active channels in the membrane increased from 6 +/- 1 channels per patch with alpha,beta,gamma-rENaC to 11 +/- 1 channels per patch with Delta2-67-alpha,beta,gamma-rENaC. Laser scanning confocal microscopy confirmed that there were more Delta2-67-alpha,beta, gamma-rENaC channels in the plasma membrane than alpha,beta, gamma-rENaC channels. Deletion of amino acids 2-67 in alpha-rENaC reduced the endocytic retrieval of channels from the plasma membrane and increased the half-life of the channel in the membrane from 1.1 +/- 0.2 to 3.5 +/- 1.1 h. We conclude that the cytoplasmic, NH(2) terminus of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-rENaC is required for channel activity. The cytoplasmic, NH(2) terminus of alpha-rENaC contains two key motifs. One motif regulates the endocytic retrieval of the channel from the plasma membrane. The second motif is required for channel activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Chalfant
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Denton
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Langloh
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Karlson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Loffing
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Benos
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Stanton
mesh_terms: D000584:Amiloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D020126:Brefeldin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D004705:Endocytosis / Q000235:genetics*; D053503:Epithelial Sodium Channels; D015870:Gene Expression; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009865:Oocytes; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D018075:RNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D015222:Sodium Channels / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014981:Xenopus
chemical_list: D053503:Epithelial Sodium Channels; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D018075:RNA, Complementary; D015222:Sodium Channels; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D020126:Brefeldin A; D000584:Amiloride; D012964:Sodium