title: Improving student learning in root canal treatment using self-assessment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper reports the first attempts to implement a new course in endodontology for undergraduate dental students based upon independent, reflective learning and self-assessment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The responses were analysed of two successive cohorts of third-year students to laboratory courses in (i) the restoration of teeth with crowns and (ii) endodontology and root canal treatment. The major changes introduced to the endodontology course were a substantial reduction in the number of formal lectures, the introduction of a series of structured tutorials, time for private study and the use of self-assessment in practical classes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The evidence indicates that the new approach increased student confidence in practical skills, although the time available for operative practice was actually reduced; there was a perceived increase in problem-solving ability; and that students felt encouraged to pursue greater understanding. Reports from tutors suggested that students' self-assessments became more accurate as the courses proceeded. Seven experimental learning points were derived from the study. These included the importance of careful planning, well-designed assessment procedures and the creation of a climate of trust and openness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The task of developing fully the students' skills of accurate self-assessment remains a challenge.
authors.affiliation: Division of Restorative Dentistry, Leeds Dental Institute, England, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manogue
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Nattress
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fox
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D004497:Education, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D004708:Endodontics / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D012655:Self-Evaluation Programs; D013335:Students, Dental / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires