title: A novel surfactant nanoemulsion with broad-spectrum sporicidal activity against Bacillus species.
abstract: Two nontoxic, antimicrobial nanoemulsions, BCTP and BCTP 401, have been developed. These emulsions are composed of detergents and oils in 80% water. BCTP diluted up to 1:1000 inactivated>90% of Bacillus anthracis spores in 4 h and was also sporicidal against three other Bacillus species. This sporicidal activity is due to disruption of the spore coat after initiation of germination without complete outgrowth. BCTP 401 diluted 1:1000 had greater activity than BCTP against Bacillus spores and had an onset of action of <30 min. Mixing BCTP or BCTP 401 with Bacillus cereus prior to subcutaneous injection in mice reduced the resulting skin lesion by 99%. Wound irrigation with BCTP 1 h after spore inoculation yielded a 98% reduction in skin lesion size, and mortality was reduced 3-fold. These nanoemulsion formulas are stable, easily dispersed, nonirritant, and nontoxic compared with other available sporicidal agents.
authors.affiliation: Center for Biologic Nanotechnology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0648, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hamouda
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tonda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brisker
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Baker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity; D016863:Bacillaceae Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D001407:Bacillus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D001409:Bacillus cereus / Q000187:drug effects; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004655:Emulsions; D005989:Glycerides / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D017830:Octoxynol / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity; D011136:Polysorbates / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity; D013171:Spores, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity; D014946:Wound Infection / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; C402563:BCTP 401 nanoemulsion; C402564:BCTP nanoemulsion; D004655:Emulsions; D005989:Glycerides; D010755:Organophosphates; D011136:Polysorbates; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D013024:Soybean Oil; D017830:Octoxynol