title: Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) induces interleukin-11 secretion from osteoblasts: a possible role for HGF in myeloma-associated osteolytic bone disease.
abstract: Multiple myeloma is associated with unbalanced bone remodeling causing lytic bone lesions. Interleukin-11 (IL-11) promotes osteoclast formation and inhibits osteoblast activity and may, thus, be one factor involved in cancer-induced bone destruction. We have previously shown that myeloma cells produce hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). We now report that HGF induces IL-11 secretion from human osteoblast-like cells and from the osteosarcoma cell lines Saos-2 and HOS. In coculture experiments, both the myeloma cell line JJN-3 and primary myeloma cells from 3 patients induced IL-11 secretion from osteoblasts, whereas no induction was observed with the non-HGF producing myeloma cell line OH-2. Enhanced IL-11 induction was observed with physical contact between osteoblasts and myeloma cells as compared with experiments in which contact was prohibited by tissue inserts. Anti-HGF serum strongly reduced the myeloma cell-induced IL-11 secretion. Furthermore, we show that JJN-3 cells express HGF on the cell-surface. Removal of surface-bound HGF on JJN-3 cells reduced IL-11 production induced in cocultures. Transforming growth factor beta1 and IL-1 potentiated the effect of HGF on IL-11 secretion, whereas an additive effect was observed with tumor necrosis factor. Thus, myeloma-derived HGF can influence the bone marrow environment both as a soluble and a surface-bound factor. Furthermore, HGF emerges as a possible factor involved in myeloma bone disease by its ability to induce IL-11.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. oyvind.hjertner@medisin.ntnu.no
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hjertner
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Torgersen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Seidel
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hjorth-Hansen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Waage
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Børset
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sundan
mesh_terms: D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D017370:Interleukin-11 / Q000378:metabolism*; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010014:Osteolysis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D017370:Interleukin-11; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor