title: Potentiation of lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-6 release by uridine triphosphate in macrophages: cross-interaction with cyclooxygenase-2-dependent prostaglandin E(2) production.
abstract: Our previous study has demonstrated the potentiation by uridine triphosphate (UTP) of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine J774 macrophages. In this study, we found that the amount of interleukin-6 (IL-6) release in response to LPS stimulation was greatly enhanced in the presence of UTP. This enhancement exhibited concentration dependence and occurred after 8 h of treatment with LPS. RT-PCR analysis indicated that the steady-state level of IL-6 mRNA induced by LPS was apparently increased upon co-addition of UTP. The potentiation by UTP was inhibited by the treatment with U73122 (a phosphatidylinositol-phospholipase C inhibitor), BAPTA/AM (an intracellular Ca(2+) chelator), KN-93 (a selective inhibitor of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase) or PDTC (a nuclear factor kappaB inhibitor). To understand the cross-regulation among NO, PGE(2) and IL-6, all of which are dramatically induced after LPS stimulation, the effects of L-NAME (a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor), indomethacin (a cyclooxygenase inhibitor), NS-398 (a cycloxygenase-2 inhibitor) and IL-6 antibody were tested. The results revealed the positive regulation between PGE(2) and IL-6 synthesis because NS-398 and indomethacin inhibited LPS plus UTP-induced IL-6 release, and IL-6 antibody attenuated LPS plus UTP-induced PGE(2) release. Taken together these results reinforce the role of UTP as a regulatory element in inflamed sites by demonstrating the capacity of this nucleotide to potentiate LPS-induced release of inflammatory mediators.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D043265:Phosphatidylinositol Diacylglycerol-Lyase; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000378:metabolism; D014544:Uridine Triphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D010738:Type C Phospholipases; D043265:Phosphatidylinositol Diacylglycerol-Lyase; D015232:Dinoprostone; D014544:Uridine Triphosphate