title: Lipid, polyamide, and flavonol phagostimulants for adult western corn rootworm from sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) pollen.
abstract: Adult Diabroticites including western corn rootworm (WCR), Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, consume pollen of corn, squash, sunflower, and other species. Short-chain neutral amino acids in methanol-water extracts of pollen have been previously identified in our laboratory as strong phagostimulants for Diabrotica. Bioassay-driven fractionation was used to characterize the interacting lipid and midpolarity phagostimulants for adult WCR in Giant Gray Stripe sunflower, Helianthus annuus L., pollen. Lipids rich in omega3-linolenic acid including triglycerides, free fatty acids, phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidic acids, and phosphatidylcholines were highly phagostimulatory. Other important phagostimulatory components included a hydroxycinnamic acid-polyamine amide, N(1),N(5),N(10)-tri[(E)-p-coumaroyl]spermidine, and a flavonol, quercetin beta-3-O-glucoside. The structural characteristics of these phagoactive compounds and their role in the pollinivory specialization of rootworm beetles are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Pesticide Research Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Mullin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D001517:Coleoptera; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D044948:Flavonols; D006368:Helianthus / Q000469:parasitology; D008055:Lipids / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D009757:Nylons / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011058:Pollen / Q000737:chemistry*; D014675:Vegetables / Q000469:parasitology; D003313:Zea mays / Q000469:parasitology*
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D044948:Flavonols; D008055:Lipids; D009757:Nylons