title: Controlled release of vancomycin from poloxamer 407 gels.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate Poloxamer 407 25% (w/w) formulations aimed at prolonging the residence time of vancomycin, a time-dependent antibiotic, in a body site with a high infectious risk. Reversible thermal gelation of the formulations permitted their local injection in liquid form and in situ gelation as they warmed to body temperature. Neither the rheological properties of the Poloxamer matrices nor the antibacterial activity of vancomycin was altered by their combination. In vitro, the dispersed form exhibited prolonged release, with a lower diffusion coefficient of vancomycin compared to the solubilized form (4.7x10(-8) vs 2. 1x10(-7) cm(2) s(-1)131 mg l(-1) for the solubilized form), followed by lower but effective antibacterial levels for at least 8 days. Controlled-release profiles, good preservation of vancomycin activity, good tolerability in rats, and ease of administration suggest that Poloxamer 407 may be useful as a vancomycin delivery vehicle for local prophylaxis of infections, especially in prosthetic surgery.
authors.affiliation: E.P.I. I.N.S.E.R.M. 99-33, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, 170 bd Ney, 75877, Paris, France. veyries@bichat.inserm.fr
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Veyries
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Couarraze
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Geiger
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Agnely
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Massias
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kunzli
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Faurisson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rouveix
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004058:Diffusion; D004355:Drug Stability; D005782:Gels / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D020442:Poloxamer / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012212:Rheology; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D005782:Gels; D020442:Poloxamer; D014640:Vancomycin