title: Comparison of several digital and stereological methods for estimating surface area and volume of cells studied by confocal microscopy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The implementation of different methods for estimating the surface area and volume of cells studied by confocal microscopy was developed. The methods were compared from the point of view of their precision, applicability and efficiency.
  
  
  METHODS
  Interactive stereological methods (spatial grid method, fakir method, Cavalieri principle) as well as automatic digital methods (digital Crofton method, voxel counting, triangulation method, iso-intensity contouring method) were considered. The methods were tested on model geometrical solids and on real volume images consisting of a stack of serial sections encompassing entire tobacco BY-2 cells or cell chains.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It is shown that many of the studied methods are very precise when applied to cells of simple or moderately complex shapes. The automatic digital methods are fast and precise but their applicability is limited by the necessity to segment automatically the object surface and to find an optimal resolution. This limitation is not present in stereological methods which are applied interactively and thus are more time-consuming.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presented implementations of the fakir method and the Cavalieri principle enable interactive, unbiased and efficient estimation of the cell surface area and volume. The recommended steps for measuring the surface area and/or volume of objects studied by confocal microscopy are described.
authors.affiliation: Center of Biomathematics, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague. kubinova@biomed.cas.cz
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kubínová
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Janácek
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guilak
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Opatrný
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D048429:Cell Size; D019044:Image Cytometry / Q000379:methods*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000379:methods*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000166:cytology; D010947:Plants, Toxic; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000166:cytology*