title: Should anticoagulant therapy be stopped or reversed before venous intervention?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the safety of venous intervention and the incidence of complications in patients undergoing venous interventional radiological procedures while receiving anticoagulant therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected prospectively for a 1-year period. One hundred patients receiving anticoagulant therapy underwent interventional radiological procedures requiring venous cannulation. Of these, 87 had documented prolonged bleeding times. There were 50 inferior vena cavograms obtained and filters placed (29 transfemoral, 21 transjugular), and 50 transfemoral pulmonary angiogram obtained, all in patients with thrombo-embolic disease who were receiving anticoagulant therapy. In most cases venous access was achieved with real-time sonographic guidance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Venous access was gained in all patients in all groups. There were 41/50 filter placements and 46/50 pulmonary angiograms performed in the patients with prolonged clotting times in or above the therapeutic range. There were no cases of arterial puncture and no cases of venous bleeding either during or after the procedures. No other complications were recorded.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Venous intervention in patients receiving therapeutic anticoagulation is safe, with no complications reported in our series. There is no need to discontinue anticoagulant therapy in patients with life-threatening thrombo-embolic disease. Real-time sonographic guidance greatly facilitates venous cannulation and avoids inadvertent arterial puncture.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Foothills Hospital, Calgary, Alta.
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Sadler
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shulman
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Saliken
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: So
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000792:Angiography; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001760:Bleeding Time; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010690:Phlebography; D012307:Risk Factors; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016306:Vena Cava Filters
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants