title: Pretreatment factors predict overall survival for patients with low-grade glioma: a recursive partitioning analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Three databases were pooled and analyzed to determine which groupings of prognostic factors best predicted overall survival for patients with low-grade gliomas treated with surgery and immediate or delayed radiotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Databases of patients with low-grade gliomas compiled at the London Regional Cancer Centre (LRCC), the Norwegian Radium Hospital (NRH), and the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) were merged. Inclusion criteria for the pooled analysis included: age > or =18 years and histologically confirmed low-grade (World Health Organization Grade II) supratentorial fibrillary astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma or mixed oligoastrocytoma. Factors analyzed for prognostic significance included: age at diagnosis, gender, seizures at presentation, presence of enhancement on computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) at diagnosis, histology, extent of surgical resection, timing of radiotherapy, and treating institution. Univariate and multivariate analysis of overall survival for these factors was performed. Recursive partitioning was performed to generate prognostic groups using these factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From the combined databases, 401 patients were eligible for analysis. Median survival for the entire group was 95 months/7.9 years. On univariate analysis age 18-40, presence of seizures at presentation, KPS > or =70, treating institution, and absence of contrast enhancement were associated with improved overall survival. On multivariate analysis, these factors remained independent predictors of improved overall survival. Recursive partitioning analysis yielded four prognostic groups with statistically different median survivals (MS): Group I (n = 41: KPS <70, age >40) MS 12 months; Group II (n = 34: KPS > or =70, age >40, enhancement present) MS 46 months; Group III (n = 138: KPS <70, age 18-40 or KPS > or =70 age >40, no enhancement) MS 87 months; Group IV (n = 188: KPS > or =70, age 18-40) MS 128 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clusters of pretreatment prognostic factors described subgroups of low-grade glioma patients with divergent overall survivals. Consideration of these prognostic subgroups may be important when considering timing of interventions for these patients and in the stratification of patients for clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, and London Regional Cancer Centre, Canada. glenn_bauman@lrcc.on.ca
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bauman
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lote
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stalpers
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leighton
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wara
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: MacDonald
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stitt
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Cairncross
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D019992:Databases as Topic; D005260:Female; D005910:Glioma / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D012737:Sex Factors; D015173:Supratentorial Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D016019:Survival Analysis