title: Less invasive, continuous hemodynamic monitoring during minimally invasive coronary surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Minimally invasive coronary surgery has gained more and more clinical acceptance. A clear contrast to the minimally invasive idea is the highly invasive pulmonary artery catheter used for hemodynamic monitoring during the operation. We evaluated a less invasive device which calculates cardiac output (CO) and hemodynamics based on arterial pulse-contour analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 20 patients revascularized by the off-pump technique with the octopus system, agreement of CO by pulse-contour was compared to pulmonary arterial and femoral arterial thermodilution and hemodynamic alterations during the operation were recorded. Pulse-contour CO is computed by measuring the area under the arterial pressure waveform and dividing it by aortic impedance. Aortic impedance is determined by an arterial thermodilution at the onset of the system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Correlation of pulmonary arterial and arterial thermodilution CO to pulse-contour CO was 0.91 and 0.90 respectively (both p<0.01). Coefficients of variations were 6.2% and 6.7%. The bias was 0.1 L per minute and standard deviations were 0.42 L per minute and 0.55 L per minute. Hemodynamic changes during the operations were seen mainly during the distal anastomosis of the first diagonal branch; only slight changes occurred during the anastomosis of the left anterior descending coronary artery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Arterial pulse-contour analysis is easy to use and minimally invasive, thus qualifies as a reliable routine monitoring tool during minimally invasive coronary surgery with tissue stabilizers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Grosshadern, Munich, Germany. oliver.goedje@medizin.uni-ulm.de
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gödje
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thiel
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lamm
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Reichenspurner
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schmitz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schütz
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Reichart
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000295:instrumentation*; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation; D013815:Thermodilution / Q000295:instrumentation