title: Phase III multicenter randomized trial of the Dartmouth regimen versus dacarbazine in patients with metastatic melanoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several single-institution phase II trials have reported that the Dartmouth regimen (dacarbazine, cisplatin, carmustine, and tamoxifen) can induce major tumor responses in 40% to 50% of stage IV melanoma patients. This study was designed to compare the overall survival time, rate of objective tumor response, and toxicity of the Dartmouth regimen with standard dacarbazine treatment in stage IV melanoma patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this multicenter phase III trial, 240 patients with measurable stage IV melanoma were randomized to receive the Dartmouth regimen (dacarbazine 220 mg/m(2) and cisplatin 25 mg/m(2) days 1 to 3, carmustine 150 mg/m(2) day 1 every other cycle, and tamoxifen 10 mg orally bid) or dacarbazine 1, 000 mg/m(2). Treatment was repeated every 3 weeks. Patients were observed for tumor response, survival time, and toxicity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median survival time from randomization was 7 months; 25% of the patients survived > or = 1 year. There was no difference in survival time between the two treatment arms when analyzed on an intent-to-treat basis or when only the 231 patients who were both eligible and had received treatment were considered. Tumor response was assessable in 226 patients. The response rate to dacarbazine was 10.2% compared with 18.5% for the Dartmouth regimen (P =.09). Bone marrow suppression, nausea/vomiting, and fatigue were significantly more common in the Dartmouth arm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was no difference in survival time and only a small, statistically nonsignificant increase in tumor response for stage IV melanoma patients treated with the Dartmouth regimen compared with dacarbazine. Dacarbazine remains the reference standard treatment for stage IV melanoma.
authors.affiliation: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Einhorn
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Meyers
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saxman
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Destro
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Panageas
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Begg
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Agarwala
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Schuchter
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Ernstoff
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Houghton
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kirkwood
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002330:Carmustine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D003606:Dacarbazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D013629:Tamoxifen; D003606:Dacarbazine; D002945:Cisplatin; D002330:Carmustine