title: Cloning and characterization of a trypsin inhibitor cDNA from amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) seeds.
abstract: We previously isolated and sequenced the major trypsin inhibitor from Amaranthus hypochonidriacus seeds. This amaranth trypsin inhibitor (AmTI) is a 69 amino acid protein with high homology to members of the potato-1 inhibitor family. This paper describes the cloning and expression of a cDNA encoding this trypsin inhibitor in various vegetative tissues of the amaranth plant during seed development and imbibition, and investigates the possible induction of AmTI expression by wounding. We obtained a 393 bp cDNA sequence with an open reading frame corresponding to a polypeptide with 76 amino acid residues. With the exception of one residue (Ser-41), the polypeptide agrees with the amino acid sequence previously reported, plus 7 more residues at the N-terminus. These N-terminal residues are thought to be part of the signal used for intracellular sorting. The organ specificity of AmTI gene expression was investigated by northern analysis, showing that mRNA corresponding to AmTI genes was present in stems of plants growing under normal conditions. The kinetics of accumulation of the AmTI-mRNA, protein, and inhibitory activity during seed development and imbibition was determined. AmTI-mRNA accumulation reached a maximum at 14 days after anthesis (daa) and then gradually decreased, being barely detectable 36 daa. The AmTI protein accumulation followed the same profile as the inhibitory activity, both were delayed with respect to the mRNA. The maximum level was observed 22 daa, and then gradually decreased until a steady state was reached as seed maturation proceeded. Upon imbibition, a gradual decrease in AmTI protein and inhibitory activity was shown; however, an AmTI transcript was detected 24 h after imbibition. In contrast to representative members of the potato I family, this inhibitor was not inducible by wounding of leaves.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Biotecnología e Ingeniería Genética de Plantas, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Valdés-Rodríguez
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Blanco-Labra
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Benicio
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boradenenko
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Herrera-Estrella
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Simpson
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D019684:Magnoliopsida / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018749:RNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012639:Seeds / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014361:Trypsin Inhibitors / Q000235:genetics*; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D018749:RNA, Plant; D014361:Trypsin Inhibitors; D014867:Water