title: Twenty-four-hour pattern of intraocular pressure in the aging population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the 24-hour pattern of intraocular pressure (IOP) in a sample of the aging human population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one healthy volunteers 50 to 69 years of age were housed in a sleep laboratory for 24 hours. Experimental conditions were strictly controlled with a 16-hour light period and an 8-hour dark period. Sleep was encouraged in the dark period. Intraocular pressure was measured using a pneumatonometer every 2 hours (total of 12 times). Measurements were taken in both the sitting position and the supine position during the light/wake period but only in the supine position during the dark period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When the sitting IOP data from the light/wake period and the supine IOP data from the dark period were considered, elevation and reduction of IOP occurred around the scheduled lights-off and lights-on transitions, respectively. Mean IOP in the dark period was significantly higher than mean IOP in the light/wake period. The trough appeared at the end of the light/wake period, and the peak appeared at the beginning of the dark period. The magnitude of trough-peak difference was 8.6+/-0.8 mm Hg (mean +/- SEM). Cosine fits of 24-hour IOP data showed a significant 24-hour rhythm. When IOP data from just the supine position were analyzed, the trough-peak IOP difference was 3.4+/-0.7 mm Hg, with similar clock times for the trough and the peak. Cosine fits of supine IOP data showed no statistically significant 24 hour rhythm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nocturnal elevation of IOP occurred in this sample of the aging population. The trough of IOP appeared at the end of the light/wake period, and the peak appeared at the beginning of the dark period. The main factor in the nocturnal IOP elevation appeared to be the shift from daytime upright posture to supine posture at night.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0946, USA. joliu@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Kripke
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Twa
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Mansberger
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Rex
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Girkin
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Weinreb
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D003623:Dark Adaptation / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular