title: A multicenter, phase I evaluation of cryopreserved venous valve allografts for the treatment of chronic deep venous insufficiency.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A phase I feasibility study was conducted to determine whether cryopreserved venous valved segments would remain patent/competent in a short-term period (6 months).
  
  
  METHODS
  The target group consisted of 10 patients (C(4-6), E, A(D), P(R)). The exclusion criteria included untreated superficial/perforator venous disease, significant venous or arterial obstruction, hypercoagulability or coagulopathy, and significant preexisting medical conditions. Required preoperative tests were venous duplex, ascending/descending venography, and a physiologic study (eg, APG, blood typing, an ankle/brachial index, and if post-thrombotic, a hypercoagulability work-up). A single-valve transplant was placed below all reflux, aided by anticoagulation with or without a distal arteriovenous fistula. Postoperative assessment included duplex scanning/clinical examination (at 1, 3, and 6 months), descending venogram (at 1 month), and physiologic study (at 1 and 6 months). The primary end point was valve patency/competence, with clinical outcome as a secondary end point. Adverse events were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After eliminating protocol violations, nine patients with superficial femoral (5) or popliteal (4) vein valve transplants were studied. Six-month actuarial results show a patency rate of 67% +/- 16% and 78% +/- 13%, respectively, a primary and secondary competency rate of 56% +/- 17% and 67% +/- 16%, respectively, and a 100% patient survival rate. Clinical outcome averaged 1.1, with healing and/or freedom from ulcer recurrence, in six of nine patients. A postoperative risk of seroma formation (3) and cellulitis (1) exists.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with few remaining therapeutic options, one can achieve a 6-month assisted patency and competency rate of 78% and 67%, respectively, with an improved clinical outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, USA.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Dalsing
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raju
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Wakefield
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taheri
mesh_terms: D000206:Actuarial Analysis; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation; D015925:Cryopreservation; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005268:Femoral Vein / Q000637:transplantation*; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014654:Vascular Patency / Q000502:physiology; D014689:Venous Insufficiency / Q000601:surgery*