title: Bonding of composite resins to dentin: SEM observation of one-component enamel-dentin bonding systems.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate in vitro the qualitative characteristics of the surfaces of some enamel-dentin bonding systems.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven different bonding systems were observed first by stereomicroscopy then by scanning electron microscopy, as follows: 49 extracted teeth were abraded to expose a uniform dentin surface. After application of the bonding system, composite resin was placed on the surface and shaped as an inverted truncated cone. The tensile bond test was performed and the specimens observed under SEM; the fracture location was determined and the formation of the hybrid layer evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SEM observation indicated that adhesive, cohesive and mixed fractures had occurred. The abraded dentin surfaces were also observed under SEM before and after etching. The most recent enamel-dentin bonding systems use a conditioning technique that demineralizes the upper dentin surface at and around the tubule entrance. This is known as the total etching technique. A layer is formed in which the demineralized dentin is impregnated with fluid resin: the so-called hybrid layer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The length of the plugs of adhesive was not found to be determinant. The formation of the hybrid layer appeared to be more important, as it indicated a three-dimensional interaction between the conditioned collagen fibres and the primer that diffuses the adhesive.
authors.affiliation: A Gemelli Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Sacro Cuore Catholic University of Rome.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: La Torre
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Marigo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boari
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D003188:Composite Resins; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003743:Dental Enamel; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D019279:Resin Cements
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D019279:Resin Cements