title: The effect of midazolam premedication on mental and psychomotor recovery in geriatric patients undergoing brief surgical procedures.
abstract: To assess the effect of IV midazolam premedication on recovery of cognitive function, 90 geriatric patients (aged 65-81 yr) undergoing brief transurethral procedures were enrolled into this prospective, placebo-controlled, double-blinded study. In all cases, a standard general anesthetic was administered. Thirty minutes before operating room transfer, patients in Group 0.5 mg, Group 2 mg, and Group S received 0.5 mg of midazolam, 2 mg of midazolam, or an equal volume of saline, respectively. Before study-drug administration (baseline), at 15 min thereafter, as well as on arrival in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU), and at 60 min and 120 min, postoperatively, we administered a digit-symbol substitution test, a mini-mental test, a shape-sorter test, and a patient-generated 100-mm visual analog score (0 = minimal and 100 = maximal) for anxiety, sleepiness, and coordination. A 4-point scale was used to assess the degree of patient sedation at 7, 15, and 30 min after study-drug administration. Using a modified Aldrete scoring system, PACU discharge was determined by the PACU staff. Patient anxiety, sleepiness, and coordination scores at baseline and at 15 min after study-drug administration were similar. When compared with saline, midazolam was associated with a significantly (P < 0.05) higher incidence of "deep" sedation. In Group 2 mg, the incidence of a low preoperative Spo2 (<94%) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher when compared with Group S. Emergence, extubation, and orientation times, as well as time to follow commands were unaffected by midazolam premedication. Postoperatively, the digit-symbol substitution test, mini-mental test, and shape-sorter test were similar among the groups. However, time to PACU discharge was significantly (P = 0.03) longer in the two midazolam treatment groups (41 +/-25 min, 60 +/- 32 min, 53 +/- 39 min for Groups S, 0.5 mg, and 2 mg, respectively). Finally, patient satisfaction was unaffected by the randomization schedule.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IV premedicant midazolam 0.5 mg or 2 mg does not adversely affect mental and psychomotor recovery in geriatric patients undergoing brief surgical procedures. However, midazolam administration significantly prolonged postanesthesia care unit discharge time. Finally, during the preoperative period, midazolam increases the incidence of a Spo2 <94% in a dose-dependent manner.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Meir Hospital, Kfar Sava, The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fredman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lahav
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zohar
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Golod
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Paruta
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jedeikin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D000077335:Desflurane; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D011229:Preanesthetic Medication; D015742:Propofol; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects*; D020728:Transurethral Resection of Prostate; D014521:Urethra; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D000077335:Desflurane; D007530:Isoflurane; D008874:Midazolam; D005283:Fentanyl; D015742:Propofol