title: A small area analysis estimating the prevalence of addiction to opioids in Barcelona, 1993.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the distribution of opioid use prevalence in small areas and its relation with socioeconomic indicators.
  
  
  METHODS
  Capture-recapture was applied using data from the Barcelona Drug Information System for 1993 (treatment demands, hospital emergency room visits, deaths from heroin acute adverse reaction and pre-trial prison admissions). To avoid dependence between sources, a log-linear regression model with interactions was fitted. For small neighbourhoods, where capture-recapture estimates were not obtainable, the Heroin Problem Index (HPI) was used to predict prevalence rates from a regression model. The correlation between estimated opioid use prevalence by neighbourhoods and their socioeconomic level was computed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The city's estimated prevalence was 12.9 opioid addicts per 1000 inhabitants aged 15 to 44 years (95% CI: 10.1, 17.2), which represents 9176 persons. The highest rate was found in the inner city neighbourhood. Comparing rates obtained for each neighbourhood with their unemployment rates, a high correlation coefficient was obtained (r = 0.80, p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The main contribution of this study is that of combining capture-recapture with the HPI to produce small area prevalence estimates, which would not have been possible using only one method. Areas with higher socioeconomic status showed proportionally low addiction prevalences, but in depressed areas, prevalences varied widely.
authors.affiliation: Servei d'Epidemiologia, Institut Municipal de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Brugal
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Domingo-Salvany
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maguire
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Caylà
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Villalbí
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hartnoll
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012044:Regression Analysis; D017062:Small-Area Analysis; D012923:Social Class; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology