title: Effects of L-carnitine and its acetyl and propionyl esters on ATP and PCr levels of isolated rat hearts perfused without fatty acids and investigated by means of 31P-NMR spectroscopy.
abstract: 31P-NMR in vivo spectroscopy is a non-invasive and non-hazardous technique which investigates chemical composition and metabolism of living objects, for example by determining phosphocreatine (PCr) and ATP concentrations. In the present study we investigated the influence of L-carnitine, acetyl-L-carnitine and propionyl-L-carnitine on the energetic state of the Langendorff rat heart subjected to an ischemic period of 20 min followed by a reperfusion period of 60 min. To avoid an overlapping of the effects of fatty acids and glucose, the hearts were perfused with a Tyrode solution containing no fatty acids. Ischemia causes a rapid decrease in the PCr signal, followed by a decrease in the ATP signal after a prolonged period of ischemia. At the same time, a drastic increase in the Pi signal was observed. A partial recovery of the ATP and PCr signals was observed in the reperfusion period. With L-carnitine a markedly improved recovery of the high energy phosphates (e.g. increased PCr/P ratios) was found. With acetyl-L-carnitine this effect was enhanced in the first postischemic phase. It was followed, however, by a more rapid decrease in the PCr/Pi ratio in the late reperfusion period. The effect of propionyl-L-carnitine was not significantly improved in the first minutes of the reperfusion period, but during the whole reperfusion phase a stabilization of the PCr/Pi ratio was observed. Intracellular pH can be calculated from determination of the Pi-chemical shift. This shows that L-carnitine and its derivatives have a protective effect against intracellular pH decrease during ischemia. L-carnitine improves the energetic state of the heart, which leads to increased ischemia tolerance. Hearts under L-carnitine were able to tolerate up to four ischemia-reperfusion periods in succession, whereas the controls were not able to do so. These NMR results confirm the hypothesis that L-carnitine and its esters have a protective effect in the reperfusion period of the ischemic rat heart. This could be of importance for the treatment of ischemic cardiac diseases.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Löster
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grommisch
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gründer
mesh_terms: D000108:Acetylcarnitine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002331:Carnitine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D010477:Perfusion; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D010725:Phosphocreatine / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D010710:Phosphates; D010725:Phosphocreatine; C003223:propionylcarnitine; D000108:Acetylcarnitine; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D002331:Carnitine