title: Arnebin-1 accelerates normal and hydrocortisone-induced impaired wound healing.
abstract: Wound healing involves inflammation, cell proliferation, matrix deposition, and tissue remodeling. Interaction of different cells, extracellular matrix proteins, and their receptors are mediated by cytokines and growth factors during wound healing. In this study, we have evaluated the effect of arnebin-1, a natural product isolated from Arnebia nobilis, on normal and impaired wound healing in cutaneous punch wound model. Arnebin-1 was applied topically daily on wounds of hydrocortisone-treated or untreated animals. Arnebin-1 significantly accelerated healing of wounds with or without hydrocortisone treatment as revealed by a reduction in the wound width and gap length compared with controls. Arnebin-1 treatment promoted the cell proliferation, migration, and vessel formation to form a thick granulation tissue and re-epithelialization of the wounds. An increase in the synthesis of collagen, fibronectin and transforming growth factor-beta1 was seen in arnebin-1-treated wounds compared with the untreated control. As transforming growth factor-beta1 is known to enhance wound healing, and associated with the wound healing defect in hydrocortisone-treated wounds, the enhanced expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 at both translational and transcriptional level by arnebin-1 may be responsible for the enhancement of wound healing during normal and impaired wound repair. These studies suggest that arnebin-1 could be developed as a potent therapeutic agent for wound healing in steroid-impaired wounds.
authors.affiliation: Center for Combat Casualty and Life Sustainment Research, Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA.
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Sidhu
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Banaudha
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Gaddipati
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Patnaik
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Maheshwari
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004848:Epithelium / Q000254:growth & development; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000235:genetics; D006097:Granulation Tissue / Q000254:growth & development; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009285:Naphthoquinones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D005353:Fibronectins; D009285:Naphthoquinones; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C032573:beta, beta-dimethylacrylshikonin; D006854:Hydrocortisone