title: The oral nitrate and nitrite intake in The Netherlands: evaluation of the results obtained by HPIC analysis of duplicate 24-hour diet samples collected in 1994.
abstract: In spring and autumn of 1994 duplicates of 24-h diets were collected from 123 respondents. One of the goals of this study was to determine the amount of nitrite and nitrate in the duplicates of 24-h diets to establish the oral daily intake of these analytes. For this purpose an HPIC/UV method for the determination of nitrate and nitrite in duplicate diets was developed and validated. The sample preparation procedure was derived from the in-house method used for the determination of nitrate and nitrite in human blood plasma. The sample is diluted with water, deproteinized with Carrez reagent, followed by chromatographic clean-up on an SPE C18-column. Both the nitrate and the nitrite results are quantitative. The recovery for nitrite was on average 104% (n = 21, spiking levels: 0.84-95 mg/kg) and for nitrate on average 103% (N = 21, spiking levels: 1.8-404 mg/kg). Samples of duplicates of 24-h diets were analysed according to the method developed. The median intake of nitrite calculated from the samples collected in spring 1994 was 0.6 mg/person day (range < 0.1-6.1 mg/person/day). For the samples collected in autumn 1994 these figures were < 0.2 mg/person/day (range < 0.1-16 mg/person/day). The mean intake of nitrate was 73 mg/person/day (range 7-322 mg/person/day) in spring 1994 and 87 mg/person/day (range 1-310 mg/person/day) in autumn 1994. The overall mean intake of nitrate in 1994 was 80 mg/person/day. The daily intake for nitrate was higher than that found in the duplicate diet study carried out in 1984/1985, when an average daily intake of 52 mg/person was measured. The intake of nitrite was also higher than found in the duplicate diets collected in 1984/1985. The findings of the study are discussed in the context of the ADI for nitrate and nitrite as well as the outcome of other recent European intake studies.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Residue Analysis (ARO), National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Vaessen
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Schothorst
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001822:Body Burden; D002845:Chromatography; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D009566:Nitrates / Q000032:analysis; D009573:Nitrites / Q000032:analysis; D017672:Nitrogen Compounds / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D017672:Nitrogen Compounds