title: Asthma prevalence and deprivation: a small area analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relation between the prevalence of asthma symptoms in adults and deprivation in the area of residence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two complementary surveys carried out between 1991-1993 yielding adult asthma symptom prevalence throughout New Zealand. Deprivation is measured by the NZDep91 index of deprivation for small areas.
  
  
  METHODS
  New Zealand.
  
  
  METHODS
  A random sample of 25,042 adults aged 20-50 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After controlling for possible confounding by age, gender, and ethnicity, the 12 month period prevalence rates of asthma in this representative sample of New Zealand adults are significantly higher in the three most deprived area categories than in the least deprived (tenth) category. The prevalence ratio for the most deprived category compared with the least deprived category is 1.29 with 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.14, 1.47. There is a linear increase in asthma prevalence with increasing area deprivation (chi 2(1) = 32.20, p < 0.001). Independently, the rates are also 1.41 (95% CI 1.29, 1.54) times higher among Maori and 1.29 (95% CI 1.10, 1.52) times higher among the Pacific Island group than among the remaining, mostly European, respondents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The relation between asthma in adults and area deprivation is unlikely to be attributable to study biases or confounding. Further work should examine the possible role of modifiable deprivation factors in this relation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Wellington School of Medicine, New Zealand.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Salmond
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Crampton
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hales
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pearce
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D011204:Poverty Areas; D015995:Prevalence; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D017062:Small-Area Analysis