title: Effectiveness of a writing improvement intervention program on the readability of the research informed consent document.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Problems with the comprehensibility of human research informed consent have been documented since the 1970s, and efforts aimed at rewriting consents have not been successful in consistently producing more readable consents. This study employed researched principles of reading comprehension research to create writing intervention program designed to help the research writer produce more comprehensible informed consent documents. The purpose of this study was to determine if this intervention program was effective.
  
  
  METHODS
  The key component of the writing improvement intervention packet was a newly formatted consent form that contained annotated instructions for researchers on how to write each section for optimum comprehension. The resulting consent forms were evaluated using a Readability and Processability Form (RPF). The RPF is based on reading research and includes the Fry Scale, which yields an approximate grade reading level. The RPF assigned points to each of the 20 areas of comprehension analysis according to strict scoring criteria, and target scores were established by the authors in consultation with the hospital institutional review board.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We evaluated 66 post-intervention informed consents. The mean readability and processability score was 62, resulting in the RPF classification of "good." The established readability and processability target range was good to excellent or 61-100 points; 66% of the forms scored in this range. In our 1995 pre-intervention study, the corresponding score was 12%. The target range for grade reading level was 8th grade: 53% scored in that range as compared with 4% in 1995. A question-by-question analysis of each of the 20 checklist items on the RPF identified important aspects of the consent writing that improved and others that were still weak and needed improvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Hartford Hospital writing improvement intervention program was associated with the production of more comprehensible informed consent documents. Using the intervention materials, investigators from a variety of departments could function independently to produce readable consent forms. This program may help others who wish to assist their research departments in creating consents that are written for optimal reading comprehension.
authors.affiliation: Department of Curriculum and Instruction, Kent State University, OH, USA.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Philipson
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Doyle
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nightingale
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bow
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mather
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Philipson
mesh_terms: D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent; D016743:Mental Competency; D011932:Reading; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014956:Writing