title: Effect of phenylacetic acid feeding on the process of cellular autolysis in submerged batch cultures of Penicillium chrysogenum.
abstract: The effects of feeding the 'toxic' penicillin precursor, phenylacetic acid (PAA) at varying rates, upon the process of cellular autolysis, was assessed in batch bioreactor cultures of an industrial strain of Penicillium chrysogenum. Five processes were fed at rates which resulted in extracellular concentrations of PAA ranging from zero (the control) to approximately ten times levels said to be optimal for penicillin biosynthesis. The culture response was assessed chemically and morphologically, using computerised image analysis. High concentrations of PAA reduced biomass and penicillin production, and were associated with increased cellular autolysis. However, the values of classical morphological indices (branch length, main hyphal length and hyphal growth unit) varied little in cultures which showed extensive autolysis and biomass loss. Lower precursor concentrations (0.01 to 1.0 g l-1) had little effect on biomass, penicillin, or upon the levels of autolysis compared with the control process. Therefore, precursor concentration controlled within the optimal range for penicillin production, has little impact upon differentiation or degradation within an industrial culture of P. chrysogenum. By contrast, exploitation of the toxicity of PAA is proposed as a means to bring forward or enhance autolysis, providing a reliable method of 'induction' with which to study the phenomenon in P. chrysogenum.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK. sw58d@udcf.gla.ac.uk
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Berry
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: McNeil
mesh_terms: D001433:Bacteriolysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005285:Fermentation; D010408:Penicillium chrysogenum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D010648:Phenylacetates / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D010648:Phenylacetates; C025136:phenylacetic acid