title: Heparin-coated circuits reduce myocardial injury in heart or heart-lung transplantation: a prospective, randomized study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effects of heparin-coated (HC) circuits have been primarily investigated in routine cardiac operations with limited duration of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and ischemia. Their benefits have not been conclusively proven but could be more significant when CPB and ischemic times are longer, such as during heart transplantation (HTx) or heart-lung transplantation (HLTx).
  
  
  METHODS
  In a 22-month period, 29 patients undergoing HTx and HLTx were randomly divided into two groups using HC (Duraflo II, n = 14, 10 HTx and 4 HLTx) or uncoated but identical circuits (NHC group, n = 15, 10 HTx and 5 HLTx). All patients received full systemic heparinization (3 mg/kg) during CPB. Plasma endotoxin, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, and cardiac troponin-I were measured before heparin administration, immediately after aortic cross-clamping, 5, 30, 60, 90, 120 minutes, and 12 and 24 hours after aortic declamping. The intensive care unit (ICU) staff and the laboratory technologists were blinded as to the use of HC circuits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No statistically significant differences between groups were found with respect to all baseline values, duration of CPB and aortic cross-clamping, graft ischemic time, doses of heparin, postoperative blood loss and transfusion, peak lactate and creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme values, duration of mechanical ventilation, or length of ICU stay. One patient in each group died during the hospital stay. Patients in the HC group needed more protamine sulfate after CPB. Although endotoxin levels were similar in the two groups, significantly lower IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 levels were observed 1 hour after aortic declamping in the HC group. The release of cardiac troponin-I was also significantly reduced in the HC group 12 and 24 hours after reperfusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of HC circuit limits both pro- and anti-inflammatory responses to CPB. It may also reduce myocardial injury after prolonged duration of CPB and ischemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Erasme, Free University of Brussels, Belgium. swan@cuhk.edu.hk
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: LeClerc
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Antoine
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: DeSmet
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Yim
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Vincent
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002648:Child; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D016041:Heart-Lung Transplantation / Q000502:physiology*; D006493:Heparin; D006801:Humans; D007378:Interleukins / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018746:Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D019210:Troponin I / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D004731:Endotoxins; D007378:Interleukins; D019210:Troponin I; D006493:Heparin