title: Characterization of four mammalian numb protein isoforms. Identification of cytoplasmic and membrane-associated variants of the phosphotyrosine binding domain.
abstract: Numb is a membrane-associated, phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain-containing protein that functions as an intrinsic determinant of cell fate during Drosophila development. We have identified four isoforms of mammalian Numb with predicted molecular masses of 65, 66, 71, and 72 kDa that are generated by alternative splicing of the Numb mRNA. The different isoforms result from the presence of two sequence inserts within the PTB domain and the central region of the protein. The endogenous expression pattern of these isoforms, examined using specific antisera, varied in different tissues and cell lines. In addition, differentiation of P19 cells with retinoic acid leads to the specific loss of expression of the 71- and 72-kDa Numb proteins, suggesting that the expression of certain forms of Numb protein is regulated in a cell type-specific manner. Expression of Numb proteins fused to green fluorescent protein revealed that the form of the PTB domain with the alternatively spliced insert constitutively associated with the plasma membrane in polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. In contrast, the isoform without the insert was cytoplasmic, suggesting that different PTB domain isoforms may regulate the subcellular localization of Numb proteins. The membrane localization may be due, in part, to differential affinity for acidic phospholipids. The distinct expression and localization patterns of the different mammalian Numb isoforms suggest that they have distinct functional properties.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Dho
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: French
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Woods
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: McGlade
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004285:Dogs; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D015151:Immunoblotting; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000378:metabolism; D019000:Phosphotyrosine / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C106293:Numb protein, mouse; D010743:Phospholipids; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D019000:Phosphotyrosine; D014212:Tretinoin; C111865:Lnx1 protein, mouse; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases