title: alpha-BSM: a biomimetic bone substitute and drug delivery vehicle.
abstract: alpha-BSM is a biomimetic endothermically setting apatitic calcium phosphate bone substitute material. Its injectability and ability to harden at body temperature in the presence of physiologic saline, and other buffering agents, makes it an attractive clinical bone substitute and delivery vehicle for therapeutic agents in orthopaedic and dental applications. In osseous tissue, alpha-BSM alone remodels into bone and promotes bone healing. alpha-BSM treatment has been shown in several animal models to be effective in promoting healing of surgically created critical size defects and restoring bone biomechanical strength to values equal to or greater than values achieved with autograft controls. In vitro studies with alpha-BSM containing gentamicin show that antibiotics can be incorporated stably into alpha-BSM and that the release kinetics can be controlled with the appropriate formulation and preparative procedures. Growth factors and enzymes also are compatible with the alpha-BSM setting reaction. The incorporation of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 with alpha-BSM was shown to be effective in stimulating bone formation and accelerating restoration of the differentiated phenotype in an osteotomy model. Clinical trial investigators in Europe currently are using alpha-BSM implantations for treatment of fractures and other indications.
authors.affiliation: ETEX Corporation, University Park MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tofighi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aiolova
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chakravarthy
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Catalano
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Majahad
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Knaack
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000502:physiology; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D004285:Dogs; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000601:surgery; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D011817:Rabbits; D011884:Radius / Q000601:surgery; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; C525718:BMP2 protein, human; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005839:Gentamicins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C485828:alpha-tricalcium phosphate; C485830:tetracalcium phosphate; C485838:calcium phosphate, monobasic, anhydrous; C020243:calcium phosphate; C485829:calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous