title: Hand-eye dominance in a population with mental handicaps: prevalence and a comparison of methods.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The primary purpose of this study was to investigate hand-eye dominance in a population with mental handicaps and how the distribution compared with the general population. In addition, this study investigated the correlation between two methods of hand-eye dominance testing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two methods were used to determine eye dominance: the hole-in-the-hand method and the eye dominance wand. Hand dominance was determined by the subject's choice of accepting hand. The sample was comprised of a population of 421 athletes participating in the 1997 Special Olympic Games in Toronto. All subjects unable to give a dominant hand or unable to perform either of the ocular dominance tests were eliminated from analysis. Athletes who demonstrated strabismus or a difference in visual acuity between the two eyes of greater than 1 line were separated in the analysis, reducing the sample population to 191.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The hole-in-the-hand method of eye dominance showed that 40.3% of this population exhibited crossed dominance. The eye dominance wand found crossed dominance in 36.6% of this population. The eye dominance wand demonstrated moderate agreement with the hole-in-the-hand method; however, there was some crossover of eye dominance between tests, when the tests were compared on a case-by-case basis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence rate of this population of persons with mental handicaps agrees with the prevalence rates found by Robison et al., in which 41% of a general nonhandicapped population demonstrated crossed dominance. The results suggest that persons with mental handicaps have prevalence rates of crossed dominance similar to those found in the general population.
authors.affiliation: Medical College of Wisconsin, Eye Institute, Milwaukee, USA.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Robison
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Block
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Boudreaux
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Flora
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology*; D006225:Hand / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009799:Ocular Physiological Phenomena; D015995:Prevalence; D011596:Psychomotor Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*