title: Phenolic constituents, furans, and total antioxidant status of distilled spirits.
abstract: The concentrations of 11 phenols and 5 furans were measured in 12 categories of distilled spirits by HPLC methodology, together with the total antioxidant status (TAS) of the same beverages. Ellagic acid was the phenol present in highest concentration in all beverages. Moderate amounts of syringaldehyde, syringic acid, and gallic acid, as well as lesser amounts of vanillin and vanillic acid, were measurable in most samples of whiskey, brandy, and rum but were largely undetectable in gin, vodka, liqueurs, and miscellaneous spirits. 5-(Hydroxymethyl)furfural was the predominant furan in the former three beverages, notably cognac, with 2-furaldehyde the next highest, but these were undetectable in most of the latter beverages. Highest TAS values were given by armagnac, cognac, and bourbon whiskey, all three of which tended toward the highest concentrations of phenols. Negative TAS values were exhibited by rum, vodka, gin, and miscellaneous spirits in line with the low or undetectable phenol concentrations in these beverages. Wood aging is the most likely source of phenols and furans in distilled spirits. Those beverages exposed to this treatment contain significant antioxidant activity, which is between the ranges for white and red wines, with the potential to augment the antiatherosclerotic functions attributable to the ethanol that they contain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Banting Institute, University of Toronto, 100 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L5 Canada. david.goldberg@utoronto.ca
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Soleas
mesh_terms: D000434:Alcoholic Beverages / Q000032:analysis*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005663:Furans / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005663:Furans; D010636:Phenols