title: Expression profiles of mRNAs for osteoblast and osteoclast proteins as indicators of bone loss in mouse immobilization osteopenia model.
abstract: An experimental mouse model for disuse osteopenia was developed using unilateral cast immobilization. Analysis of the distal femurs and proximal tibias by quantitative histomorphometry revealed significant osteopenia within 10-21 days of immobilization. At 3 weeks, bone loss was also demonstrated with peripheral quantitative computed tomography as diminished bone mineral content and as concomitant reduction in the cross-sectional moment of inertia. These structural and geometrical alterations resulted in decreased strength of the distal femurs tested by cantilever bending. Analysis of the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of bone loss revealed a rapid increase in bone resorption within 3 days of immobilization. The mRNA levels for cathepsin K, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase were all significantly increased during the 21-day immobilization period, but with different expression profiles. These increases were paralleled by an increased number of osteoclasts as measured by histomorphometry. By day 6 of immobilization, the balance of bone turnover was further shifted toward net bone loss as the mRNA levels for major bone components (type I collagen and osteocalcin) were decreased. In histomorphometric analysis this was observed as reduced rates of mineral apposition and bone formation after 10 days of immobilization. The results of this study demonstrate that immobilization has a dual negative effect on bone turnover involving both depressed bone formation and enhanced bone resorption.
authors.affiliation: Skeletal Research Program, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rantakokko
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uusitalo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jämsä
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tuukkanen
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Aro
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vuorio
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015519:Bone Density; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002403:Cathepsins / Q000235:genetics; D058575:Decorin; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000473:pathology; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D007103:Immobilization; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000378:metabolism*; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000235:genetics; D011347:Procollagen / Q000235:genetics; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013977:Tibia / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C546879:Dcn protein, mouse; D058575:Decorin; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D011347:Procollagen; D011509:Proteoglycans; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D015675:Osteocalcin; D002403:Cathepsins