title: Plasma transforming growth factor-beta1 level before radiotherapy correlates with long term outcome of patients with lung carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Plasma transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGFbeta1) levels are increased in many malignancies at the time of diagnosis, including all forms of lung carcinoma. Therefore, the potential use of TGFbeta1 as a plasma marker to predict the long term outcome of lung carcinoma patients treated with radiotherapy (RT) was evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma samples for 59 newly diagnosed lung carcinoma patients were assayed for TGFbeta1 before RT (pre RT), at the end of RT (end RT), and during follow-up after RT. TGFbeta1 was extracted from plasma using an acid-ethanol method. An enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay was used to quantify the plasma TGFbeta1 levels. The normal value for this assay is < or =7.5 ng/mL. Disease status at last follow-up was without knowledge of TGFbeta1 levels. Comparisons within groups and between groups were estimated using analysis of variance and the Student t test for unpaired data, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 59 patients were divided into 2 groups according to their disease status at last follow-up: those with no evidence of disease (NED) (n = 13) and those with disease (WD) (n = 46). The median follow up was 26.8 months and 12.4 months, respectively, for the NED and WD groups. No significant differences were found in the clinical characteristics between the two groups. The plasma TGFbeta1 level before RT was significantly higher in the WD group (mean +/- standard error of the mean [SEM] = 12.5+/-1.7 ng/mL; median = 8.6 ng/mL) compared with the NED group (mean +/- SEM = 6.0+/-1.0 ng/mL; median = 6.0 ng/mL) (P = 0.037). At the time of last follow-up, WD patients had a significantly higher plasma TGFbeta1 level (mean +/- SEM = 11.6+/-1.3 ng/mL; median = 9.6 ng/mL) compared with NED patients (mean +/- SEM = 3.7+/-0.5 ng/mL; median = 3.6 ng/mL) (P = 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data demonstrate that plasma TGFbeta1 may be a useful tumor marker in patients with lung carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Jirtle
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Clough
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Anscher
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000532:radiotherapy; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D018287:Carcinoma, Large Cell / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000532:radiotherapy; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000532:radiotherapy; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000532:radiotherapy; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000532:radiotherapy; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta