title: Allele frequencies of human platelet antigen 1, 2, 3, and 5 systems in patients with chronic refractory autoimmune thrombocytopenia and in normal persons.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic refractory autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (AITP) is an autoimmune disorder due to autoantibodies against platelet glycoproteins (GP). Human platelet alloantigenic (HPA) systems are distributed to different platelet GPs. We carried out genotyping of diallelic HPA-1, -2, -3, and -5 systems to clarify potential associations between HPA alleles and the development of chronic refractory AITP.
  
  
  METHODS
  DNA was isolated from 33 unrelated German patients with chronic refractory AITP and from 80 randomly selected German blood donors to determine the phenotype and allele frequencies for the HPA-1, -2, -3, and -5 systems. Fragments carrying the polymorphic sequences corresponding to those alleles were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and further characterized by restriction analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Whereas HPA-1, -3, and -5 allele frequencies were identical in 33 patients with chronic refractory AITP and in controls, HPA-2 allele frequencies showed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.017). In our group of patients, the HPA-2a allele frequency was 100%, but HPA-2b was not seen. In contrast, the allele frequency of HPA-2a in the control group was 92% (n = 147), and in HPA-2b it was 8% (n = 13).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests an association between the HPA-2a allele and chronic refractory AITP. The HPA-2a allele may be involved in the formation of an AITP-specific autoepitope.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung für Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsklinik Rostock, Deutschland. Hansjörg.Thude@med.uni-rostock.de
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Thude
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gatzka
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Anders
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D016824:Antigens, Human Platelet / Q000235:genetics*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D000939:Epitopes / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D039661:Integrin beta3; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D016553:Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: C115212:2a alloantigen, human; C071221:2b alloantigen, human; C044561:3a alloantigen, human; C083448:3b alloantigen, human; C071092:5a alloantigen, human; C055973:5b alloantigen, human; D016824:Antigens, Human Platelet; D000939:Epitopes; C061248:ITGB3 protein, human; D039661:Integrin beta3; C083451:human platelet antigen 1b