title: Long term follow up of prosthetic valve endocarditis: what characteristics identify patients who were treated successfully with antibiotics alone?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify predictors for the safe use of antibiotic treatment without reoperation in patients with prosthetic valve endocarditis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study in a tertiary care centre.
  
  
  METHODS
  All 49 episodes of definite prosthetic valve endocarditis (Duke criteria) diagnosed at one institution between 1980 to 1997 were analysed. Ten episodes (20%) were treated with antibiotics only (antibiotic group) and 39 episodes (80%) with combined antibiotic and surgical treatment (surgery group). The analysis included detailed study of hospital records and data on long term follow up which were obtained in all patients by a questionnaire or telephone contact with physician or patient. The length of follow up (mean (SD)) was 41 (32) months in the antibiotic group and 45 (24) months in the surgery group (NS). Long term survival was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the log-rank test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in age, history of previous endocarditis, number of previous heart operations, vegetations, emboli, type of prosthesis, or percentage of early prosthetic valve endocarditis and positive blood cultures between the two groups. In the antibiotic group, there were more enterococcal (50%; p = 0.005) and in the surgery group more staphylococcal infections (55%; p = 0.048). Annular abscesses (p < 0. 0001) and aortoventricular dehiscence (p = 0.02) were more common in the surgery group. No patient in the antibiotic group had heart failure. Long term follow up showed no significant difference between the surgery and antibiotic groups regarding late mortality (14% v 18%) and five year rates of recurrent endocarditis (14% v 16%), event related mortality (14% v 3%, log-rank test), and the need for reoperation (14% v 19%; log-rank test). The only patient with conservatively treated staphylococcal prosthetic valve endocarditis died after reoperation for recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Haemodynamically stable patients with non-staphylococcal prosthetic valve endocarditis who are carefully supervised can be treated with antibiotics alone without an increased rate of reinfection, reoperation, or death.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Truninger
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Attenhofer Jost
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Seifert
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Vogt
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Follath
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schaffner
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jenni
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004697:Endocarditis, Bacterial / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D012008:Recurrence; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents