title: A deficient anterior cruciate ligament does not lead to quadriceps avoidance gait.
abstract: Without an intact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) to resist anterior tibial translation, it is commonly believed that ACL-deficient patients employ alterations in walking. Although there is no consensus in the literature about the specific kinematic and kinetic adaptations in these patients with ACL tears, the gait adaptation of quadriceps avoidance is perhaps the one most popularized. The purpose of our study was to determine whether quadriceps avoidance is common in patients with ACL-deficiency. We used a video-based motion analysis system and surface electromyography (EMG) to study 18 patients with ACL-deficiency. All patients demonstrated an internal knee extension moment during early mid-stance (similar to normal subjects). Quadriceps EMG activity was noted throughout most of stance. No patients demonstrated an internal knee flexion moment, a decreased internal knee extension moment or a decreased duration of quadriceps EMG activity during stance. The findings of this study would suggest that quadriceps avoidance as a gait adaptation in ACL-deficient patients may be less common than previously reported.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, ACB 3rd Floor Bridge, 530 South Jackson Street, Louisville 40202, USA. csrob01@homer.louisville.edu
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Rash
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Honaker
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Wachowiak
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Shaw
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait; D006801:Humans; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D014743:Videotape Recording