title: Prognostic significance of apoptotic index in completely resected non-small-cell lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the significance of apoptotic index (AI) as a prognostic factor after surgery for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 236 patients who underwent surgery for previously untreated pathologic stage I to IIIa NSCLC between 1985 and 1990 were reviewed. AI was defined as the number of apoptotic cells, detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end-labeling, per 1,000 tumor cells. Proliferative index (PI) and aberrant p53 expression were also evaluated immunohistochemically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 5-year survival rate for the lowest-AI group (AI < 5.0) was 74.7%; those for the lower-AI group (5.0 < or = AI < 11.0) and the higher-AI group (11.0 < or = AI < 25.0) were 51.6% and 57.8%, respectively. These survival rates were significantly lower than that of the lowest-AI group (P =.021 and P =.043, respectively). The highest-AI group (25.0 < or = AI), however, showed the most favorable prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of 83.2%. Multivariate analysis confirmed that a moderate AI (5.0 < or = AI < 11.0 or 11.0 < or = AI < 25.0) was a significant factor to predict poor prognosis. The PIs for the lowest-, the lower-, the higher-, and the highest-AI groups were 32.3%, 48.0%, 54.3%, and 50.7%, respectively. The lowest-AI group showed a favorable prognosis because of its low PI, whereas the lower- and the higher-AI groups had a poor prognosis caused by increased cancer-cell proliferation. The highest-AI group showed the most favorable prognosis because apoptotic cell death overcame cell proliferation. No significant correlation was observed between AI and aberrant p53 expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AI proved to be an independent prognostic factor in NSCLC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takata
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Miyahara
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yanagihara
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohtake
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukuse
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wada
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D000368:Aged; D017209:Apoptosis; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D015996:Survival Rate