title: Aniseikonia quantification: error rate of rule of thumb estimation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To find the error rate in quantifying aniseikonia by using "Rule of Thumb" estimation in comparison with proven space eikonometry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study 1: 24 adult pseudophakic individuals were measured for anisometropia, and astigmatic interocular difference. Rule of Thumb quantification for prescription was calculated and compared with aniseikonia measurement by the classical Essilor Projection Space Eikonometer. Study 2: parallel analysis was performed on 62 consecutive phakic patients from our strabismus clinic group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Frequency of error: For Group 1 (24 cases): 5 ( or 21 %) were equal (i.e., 1% or less difference); 16 (or 67% ) were greater (more than 1% different); and 3 (13%) were less by Rule of Thumb calculation in comparison to aniseikonia determined on the Essilor eikonometer. For Group 2 (62 cases): 45 (or 73%) were equal (1% or less); 10 (or 16%) were greater; and 7 (or 11%) were lower in the Rule of Thumb calculations in comparison to Essilor eikonometry. Magnitude of error: In Group 1, in 10/24 (29%) aniseikonia by Rule of Thumb estimation was 100% or more greater than by space eikonometry, and in 6 of those ten by 200% or more. In Group 2, in 4/62 (6%) aniseikonia by Rule of Thumb estimation was 200% or more greater than by space eikonometry.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The frequency and magnitude of apparent clinical errors of Rule of Thumb estimation is disturbingly large. This problem is greatly magnified by the time and effort and cost of prescribing and executing an aniseikonic correction for a patient. The higher the refractive error, the greater the anisometropia, and the worse the errors in Rule of Thumb estimation of aniseikonia. Accurate eikonometric methods and devices should be employed in all cases where such measurements can be made. Rule of thumb estimations should be limited to cases where such subjective testing and measurement cannot be performed, as in infants after unilateral cataract surgery.
authors.affiliation: The Aborn Eye Research Center, The New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, New York, New York 10003, USA.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lubkin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shippman
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Meininger
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Poppinga
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000839:Aniseikonia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D005139:Eyeglasses; D006801:Humans; D008433:Mathematics; D012029:Refraction, Ocular; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013028:Space Perception