title: Jelly beans as an alternative to a fifty-gram glucose beverage for gestational diabetes screening.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study tested the hypothesis that a standardized dose of jelly beans could be used as an alternative sugar source to the 50-g glucose beverage to screen for gestational diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred sixty pregnant women at 24 to 28 weeks' gestation were recruited for a prospective study to compare 2 sugar sources for serum glucose response, side effects, preference, and ability to detect gestational diabetes mellitus. Patients were randomly assigned to consume 50-g glucose beverage or 28 jelly beans (50 g simple carbohydrate). Serum glucose values were determined 1 hour later. The test was later repeated with the other sugar source. Finally, a 100-g 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test was performed. Participants completed a questionnaire recording subjective outcome variables. American Diabetes Association criteria were used to interpret all test results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 136 participants completing the study no significant differences were found between 1-hour serum glucose values (116.5 +/- 27 mg/dL with 50-g glucose beverage, 116.9 +/- 23.6 mg/dL with jelly beans; P =.84), frequency of discrepant results (P =.47), sensitivity, specificity, or predictive value. Jelly beans yielded fewer side effects (38% with 50-g glucose beverage, 20% with jelly beans; P <.001) and were preferred by 76% of participants (P <.001). Five cases (3.7% incidence) of gestational diabetes mellitus were diagnosed, 3 with 50-g glucose beverage alone, 1 with jelly beans alone, and 1 with both sugar sources.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Jelly beans may be used as an alternative to the 50-g glucose beverage as a sugar source for gestational diabetes mellitus screening. The 2 sources provoke similar serum glucose responses. Patients report fewer side effects after a jelly bean challenge than after a 50-g glucose beverage challenge.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Scott and White Clinic and Memorial Hospital, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, USA.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Lamar
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Kuehl
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Cooney
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Gayle
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Holleman
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Allen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001628:Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002182:Candy / Q000009:adverse effects; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005947:Glucose