title: Rectal epithelial apoptosis in familial adenomatous polyposis patients treated with sulindac.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sulindac regresses colorectal adenomas in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), although the mechanism of polyp regression is unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether differences occur in alteration of rectal epithelial apoptotic index and expression of apoptosis related proteins in FAP patients treated with sulindac compared with placebo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty one FAP patients; 12 had not undergone colectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with FAP were treated with sulindac 150 mg orally twice a day for three months (n=10) or placebo (n=11). Colorectal polyp number was determined and biopsies of the normal rectal mucosa were performed before and after three months of treatment. Response to treatment and alteration of the apoptotic ratio (index in base of crypt divided by index in surface epithelium) were evaluated. Bcl-2, bax, p21/WAF-1, and p53 proteins were assessed semiquantitatively by immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant decreases in polyp number and in the apoptotic ratio were seen in patients treated with sulindac compared with controls. The mean percentage change in polyp number from baseline was -46% in the sulindac group and +13% in the placebo group (p=0.005). Mean percentage change in the apoptotic ratio was -8% and +25% in the sulindac and placebo treated patients, respectively (p=0.004). No differences in expression or compartmentalisation of apoptosis related proteins were noted between treatment groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sulindac regression of colorectal adenomas is accompanied by alteration of the rectal epithelial apoptotic ratio with relative increase in apoptosis in surface cells compared with the deeper crypt. The utility of the apoptotic ratio as an intermediate biomarker for colorectal tumorigenesis deserves further study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Centre, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Offerhaus
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Polak
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Zahurak
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Hylind
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Giardiello
mesh_terms: D011125:Adenomatous Polyposis Coli / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012007:Rectum / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013467:Sulindac / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D013467:Sulindac