title: Intensified-dose (4 gm/m2) cyclophosphamide and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor administration for hematopoietic stem cell mobilization in refractory rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of intensified-dose cyclophosphamide (ID-CYC), followed by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) administration for collection of peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), for patients with severe, refractory rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Four patients with severe refractory RA were enrolled in this open study. They received a single infusion of CYC (4 gm/m2) at day 0 followed by G-CSF (5 microg/kg/day) from day 6 until the last day of leukapheresis (performed at the time of hematopoietic recovery) to harvest peripheral blood HSC. Patients were monitored for disease activity, adverse effects, and hematopoietic reconstitution following this procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For all patients, administration of ID-CYC induced an early, dramatic improvement of disease activity. Long-term followup indicates that partial disease relapse was observed for all patients. No adverse effect was directly attributable to the treatment procedure. For most patients, HSC collection was sufficient to provide a graft enriched in CD34+ cells by positive selection as well as an unselected rescue graft.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with severe, refractory RA can benefit from ID-CYC. This procedure, followed by G-CSF administration, appears safe and technically suitable. In addition, it allows immediate improvement of RA activity that can occasionally persist beyond 6 months.
authors.affiliation: Cochin Hospital, Université René Descartes, Paris, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Breban
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dougados
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Picard
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zompi
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Marolleau
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bocaccio
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Heshmati
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mezieres
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dreyfus
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bouscary
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019650:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D003520:Cyclophosphamide