title: Prolongation of skin allograft survival is associated with reduced Th1 cytokine responses in the WKY-->F344 rat model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We have reported previously that F344 rats develop a spontaneous tolerance to WKY lung allografts and show long-term retention of donor-specific skin grafts placed 35 days after lung transplantation. In this study, we investigated the immunologic mechanisms that may be responsible for the prolonged skin graft survival in animals tolerized with lung allografts.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the rejection group, WKY skin grafts were placed on normal F344 rats, whereas, in the tolerance group, the skin grafts were placed on F344 rats that had received a WKY lung transplant 35 days before skin grafting. Th1 (interleukin [IL]-2 and interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma]) and Th2 (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokine as well as transforming growth factor-beta1 mRNA expression in skin grafts and in draining lymph nodes were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Macrophage and lymphocyte infiltration in skin grafts and the number of Langerhans cells in epidermal sheets of the grafts were examined by immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-2 and IFN-gamma mRNA expression was significantly decreased in both the skin grafts and the draining lymph nodes of the tolerance group, compared to the rejection group, whereas IL-10 and transforming growth factor-beta1 mRNA expression was similar in both groups and IL-4 mRNA was rarely detected. Decreased and delayed CD8+, macrophage, and natural killer cell infiltration in the skin grafts from the tolerance group was also detected. Similar reduction in the number of Langerhans cells in the epidermis of the grafts from both groups was seen on day 1 after skin grafting, and thereafter the number remained stable in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reduced expression of Th1 cytokines and decreased infiltration of CD8+ cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells in the skin grafts may be responsible for prolongation of skin graft survival in the tolerance group.
authors.affiliation: Steven Spielberg Pediatric Research Center, Department of Pathology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nicolaidou
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: X J
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Zuo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toyoda
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marchevsky
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Matloff
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Jordan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006084:Graft Rejection; D006085:Graft Survival; D016040:Lung Transplantation; D008297:Male; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D016038:Skin Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta