title: Cell cycle flow cytometric analysis in the diagnosis and management of colorectal carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish prognostic models and protocols for individualized management in colorectal carcinoma patients based on both clinical and DNA flow cytometric parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study of 88 colon carcinoma patients with a minimum follow-up of 12 months, operated on with the intent to cure and not treated with radiotherapy or chemotherapy. All the cases were subjected to a clinical evaluation: age, sex, tumor localization and size, histologic grade, tumor stage, disease-free interval, survival and flow cytometric study (ploidy, DNA index and S-phase fraction [SPF]).
  
  
  RESULTS
  From the total of 88 neoplasms studied, 56 (63.6%) were from males and 32 (36.4%) from females; 30 (34%) were located in the right side of the colon, 7 (8%) in the transverse colon and 51 (58%) in the left side of the colon. Eleven (12.5%) were stage I, 52 (59.1%) stage II and 25 (28%) stage III. Forty-two (47.7%) were diploid and 46 (52.3%) aneuploid. The S-phase mean was 14.6% (12% for diploids and 16.9% for aneuploids). During the follow-up period, 26.1% of diploid tumors recurred, whereas aneuploid tumors recurred in 36.9% (P < .05). SPF from diploid and aneuploid tumors was analyzed separately.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Regarding relapse-free interval, the behavior of diploid tumors with a high SPF was similar to that of aneuploid ones. Two kinetic profiles were established, favorable (diploid tumors with low S phase) and unfavorable (diploid with high S phase and all aneuploid tumors), that had significant prognostic value for progression and survival and that allowed identification of patients at high risk of recurrence. We formulated a prognostic index according to SPF and tumor stage that has discriminatory capacity for biologic behavior in colorectal tumors.
authors.affiliation: Cytometry Services, University of Oviedo, Hospital Central de Asturias, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sampedro
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salas-Bustamante
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: López-Artimez
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: García-Muñíz
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Urdiales
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000782:Aneuploidy; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011003:Ploidies; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016196:S Phase; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm