title: A four-year follow-up study on subjective symptoms and functional capacities in workers using hand-held grinders.
abstract: Fifty-three grinders in the metal industry were re-examined 4 years after their first examination. Information about age, occupation, daily vibration exposure, drinking and smoking habits, and presence of subjective symptoms such as vibration-induced white finger (VWF), and numbness and pain in the fingers was collected during the first and second examination. Cold provocation test (10 degrees C/10 min) was also employed to evaluate disturbances in the peripheral circulatory and peripheral nerves in all subjects. The frequency-weighted vibration acceleration of various types of hand-held tools was measured. There was no subject with VWF at the first examination; however, during the course of follow-up, two cases (3.8%) of VWF with latent interval of more than 25 years were diagnosed. Prevalence of numbness in the fingers and shoulder stiffness was significantly higher at the second examination. When the prevalence of subjective symptoms was tested by the subjects' total operating time (TOT) during the 4-year follow-up period, those whose TOT was equal to or more than 2500 hours showed higher prevalence compared to the other subgroup. The paired values of recovery rate of finger skin temperature and vibration sensation threshold after the cold water immersion test were significantly different at the first and second examination. On average, the diminution of hand-grip force during the 4-year follow-up course was 7.4%; the difference being significant at 0.01 level. Significant differences in the paired data of pinching power and tapping ability could be detected. The frequency-weighted vibration acceleration of various tools was in the range of 1.1-4.6 m/s2. It was concluded that: (1) prolonged occupational exposure to the vibration of hand-held grinding tools should be considered as a risk factor causing disturbances in the hand-arm system of the operators; (2) the results of recovery rate of finger skin temperature and the vibration sensation threshold seemed to be appropriate indicators for the assessment of peripheral vascular and peripheral nerve disturbances in workers exposed to hand-arm vibration; and (3) to reduce the subjects' physical stress, attention should be paid to ergonomic factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene, Gifu University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Mirbod
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Akbar-Khanzadeh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Onozuka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jamali
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Inaba
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwata
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001132:Arm / Q000502:physiology; D006804:Ergonomics; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006225:Hand / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013577:Syndrome; D014732:Vibration / Q000009:adverse effects*