title: Anophthalmia in litters of female rats treated with the food-derived carcinogen, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine.
abstract: Anophthalmia in litters of pregnant rats treated with 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), a food-derived carcinogen, was incidentally encountered in a risk-assessment study with 2-generation exposure to PhIP. Female Fischer 344 animals were given 200 ppm PhIP in the diet for 4 wk before mating with nontreated males and also during gestation and lactation periods. Mean numbers of newborn rats per litter in control and PhIP-treated groups were 7.9 +/- 2.9 and 7.1 +/- 1.6 in trial 1 and 8.3 +/- 1.9 and 6.1 +/- 2.4 in trial 2. Among 49 (trial 1) and 63 (trial 2) offspring from PhIP-treated dams, 9 (18.4%) and 32 (50.8%) demonstrated anophthalmia, and 1 (2.0%) and 8 (12.7%) demonstrated hydrocephaly. Five of 7 (71.4%) and 13 of 14 (92.9%) dams delivered pups with malformations in trials 1 and 2, respectively. Also, in a previous study that was carried out with the same protocol and that used the Sprague-Dawley strain of rats, anophthalmia and hydrocephaly were observed in 2 and 1 out of 175 pups, respectively, from 100 ppm PhIP-treated dams. No congenital malformations were found in control groups of the same size in either experiment. In addition to having been previously identified as a cause of carcinogenic activity, our findings suggest that PhIP is capable of causing anophthalmia in rats when administered during the gestational period.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Pathology, Nagoya City University Medical School, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Imaida
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shirai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shirai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000002:abnormalities; D000853:Anophthalmos / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000633:toxicity*; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D007093:Imidazoles; D009153:Mutagens; C049584:2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine