title: A randomised trial of the impact of counselling on treatment adherence of tuberculosis patients in Sialkot, Pakistan.
abstract: METHODS
  Tuberculosis Department, Bethania Hospital, Sialkot, Pakistan.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether intensive counselling can improve treatment adherence.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomised controlled intervention trial of 1,019 adult tuberculosis patients, 49% were assigned to the intervention group and 51% to the control group. Baseline data were obtained through semi-structured interviews. Patients were followed until the end of treatment (cure, default, referral or death). The intervention included counselling at the start of treatment and at each subsequent visit for ambulatory patients, or weekly for hospitalised patients. Counselling combined health education with strategies to strengthen patients' self-efficacy. Control group patients received the usual care. The outcome measure was treatment default.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The default rate was 54% in the control group and 47% in the intervention group: the default risk ratio was 0.87, implying a reduction in defaulting of 13%. The impact was stronger in women, ambulatory patients, re-treatment patients, women who worked in the home, and patients who were not the main provider, those with a poor knowledge of the disease or those with a short treatment delay.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intensive counselling has a significant, although limited, impact on treatment adherence.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium. rlief@comsats.net.pk
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liefooghe
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Suetens
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Meulemans
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Moran
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Muynck
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003376:Counseling; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010154:Pakistan; D010349:Patient Compliance; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000628:therapy*