title: Increased hindrance on the chiral carbon atom of mexiletine enhances the block of rat skeletal muscle Na+ channels in a model of myotonia induced by ATX.
abstract: 1 The antiarrhythmic drug mexiletine (Mex) is also used against myotonia. Searching for a more efficient drug, a new compound (Me5) was synthesized substituting the methyl group on the chiral carbon atom of Mex by an isopropyl group. Effects of Me5 on Na+ channels were compared to those of Mex in rat skeletal muscle fibres using the cell-attached patch clamp method. 2 Me5 (10 microM) reduced the maximal sodium current (INa) by 29.7+/-4.4 % (n=6) at a frequency of stimulation of 0.3 Hz and 65.7+/-4.4 % (n=6) at 1 Hz. At same concentration (10 microM), Mex was incapable of producing any effect (n=3). Me5 also shifted the steady-state inactivation curves by -7. 9+/-0.9 mV (n=6) at 0.3 Hz and -12.2+/-1.0 mV (n=6) at 1 Hz. 3 In the presence of sea anemone toxin II (ATX; 5 microM), INa decayed more slowly and no longer to zero, providing a model of sodium channel myotonia. The effects of Me5 on peak INa were similar whatever ATX was present or not. Interestingly, Me5 did not modify the INa decay time constant nor the steady-state INa to peak INa ratio. 4 Analysis of ATX-induced late Na+ channel activity shows that Me5 did not affect mean open times and single-channel conductance, thus excluding open channel block property. 5 These results indicate that increasing hindrance on the chiral atom of Mex increases drug potency on wild-type and ATX-induced noninactivating INa and that Me5 might improve the prophylaxis of myotonia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacobiology, Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Bari, I-70125 Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Desaphy
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Conte Camerino
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Franchini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lentini
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tortorella
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Luca
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002082:Butylamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D003064:Cnidarian Venoms / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D008801:Mexiletine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009222:Myotonia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051381:Rats; D015222:Sodium Channels / Q000187:drug effects*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: C403086:1-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)-2-isopropylethanamine; D002082:Butylamines; D003064:Cnidarian Venoms; D015222:Sodium Channels; D008801:Mexiletine; C028800:toxin II (Anemonia sulcata); D002244:Carbon