title: Hair cycle-dependent changes in adrenergic skin innervation, and hair growth modulation by adrenergic drugs.
abstract: Skin nerves may exert "trophic" functions during hair follicle development, growth, and/or cycling. Here, we demonstrate hair cycle-related plasticity in the sympathetic innervation of skin and hair follicle in C57BL/6 mice. Compared with telogen skin, the number of nerve fibers containing norepinephrine or immunoreactive for tyrosine hydroxylase increased during the early growth phase of the hair cycle (anagen) in dermis and subcutis. The number of these fibers declined again during late anagen. beta2-adrenoreceptor-positive keratinocytes were transiently detectable in the noncycling hair follicle epithelium, especially in the isthmus and bulge region, but only during early anagen. In early anagen skin organ culture, the beta2-adrenoreceptor agonist isoproterenol promoted hair cycle progression from anagen III to anagen IV. The observed hair cycle-dependent changes in adrenergic skin innervation on the one hand, and hair growth modulation by isoproterenol, accompanied by changes in beta2-adrenoreceptor expression of selected regions of the hair follicle epithelium on the other, further support the concept that bi-directional interactions between the hair follicle and its innervation play a part in hair growth control. This invites one to systematically explore the neuropharmacologic manipulation of follicular neuroepithelial interactions as a novel therapeutic strategy for managing hair growth disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Charité, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Botchkarev
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: N V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Botchkareva
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maurer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Paus
mesh_terms: D018663:Adrenergic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D018859:Hair Follicle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009478:Neuropeptide Y / Q000032:analysis; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000032:analysis; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / Q000032:analysis; D012867:Skin / Q000294:innervation*; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000166:cytology*; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018663:Adrenergic Agents; D009478:Neuropeptide Y; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; D007545:Isoproterenol; D009638:Norepinephrine