title: Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene transfer to dendritic cells or epidermal cells augments their antigen-presenting function including induction of anti-tumor immunity.
abstract: Dendritic antigen-presenting cells derived from epidermis (Langerhans cells), bone marrow, and peripheral blood can present a wide variety of antigens, including tumor-associated antigens, for various immune responses. The development and function of dendritic cells is dependent upon a number of cytokines including granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor. For example, Langerhans cells can present tumor-associated antigens for the induction of substantial in vivo anti-tumor immunity but only after activation in vitro by granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor. Thus, we reasoned that insertion of a cDNA for granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor into dendritic antigen-presenting cells may allow for autocrine stimulation and increased antigen-presenting capability. To test this possibility, we utilized an adenovirus vector to insert a cDNA for murine granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor into the dendritic cell lines XS52-4D and XS106 (derived from neonatal mouse epidermis), bone marrow-derived dendritic cells, and epidermal cells that contain Langerhans cells. Infection of each of these cell types resulted in release of abundant quantities of granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor. XS52-4D and XS106 cells infected with adenovirus granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor exhibited prolonged dendrites and greater expression of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules and CD86 compared with cells infected with a null vector. Granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor cDNA-containing XS cells, bone marrow-derived dendritic cells, and epidermal cells had more potent alloantigen presenting capability than cells infected with a null vector. Most importantly, granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor gene-transferred epidermal cells were able to present tumor-associated antigens for in vivo anti-tumor immunity against challenge with the S1509a spindle-cell tumor whereas null vector-infected cells were unable to prime for immunity. These results suggest that introduction of a cDNA for granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor into dendritic cells may be an effective means to augment their antigen-presenting capability and that granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor gene-transfer- red epidermal cells may be useful in tumor vaccination strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ozawa
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Torii
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hosoi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Seiffert
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Campton
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Hackett
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Topf
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Crystal
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Granstein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017951:Antigen Presentation; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D004817:Epidermis / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D007114:Immunization; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor