title: Properties of an enzyme-based low-level iodine disinfectant.
abstract: An enzyme-based iodine (EBI) disinfectant that continuously generates free molecular iodine in a controlled fashion was developed and evaluated for use in disinfecting flexible fibreoptic endoscopes (FFEs). EBI is a powder concentrate that produces iodine from sodium iodide and calcium peroxide when catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase. After dissolution in water, it delivers relatively high concentrations of free molecular iodine (> 15 ppm) at relatively low concentrations of total iodine (30-40 ppm). It demonstrates the ability to function as an effective low level iodine disinfectant by rapidly inactivating bacteria, fungi and viruses. A unique feature of the EBI system is the ability to reoxidize reduced iodine which results in a constant level of active (free molecular) iodine during use. EBI inactivates Mycobacterium bovis var BCG more rapidly than 2% glutaraldehyde (Cidex-7). Its sporicidal activity, however, was found to be slower than the aldehyde formulation. The qualification of EBI for use as a practical disinfectant was shown by its negligible toxicity in dermal, ocular, oral and inhalation studies on animals, which is attributed to the low level of total iodine in the solution.
authors.affiliation: Symbollon Corporation, Inc., Framingham, MA 01702, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dinehart
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hickey
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Panicucci
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kessler
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gottardi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D004338:Drug Combinations; D019723:Endoscopes / Q000382:microbiology; D004866:Equipment Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D007455:Iodine / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011208:Powders; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D013171:Spores, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D014780:Viruses / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; D004338:Drug Combinations; D011208:Powders; D007455:Iodine; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase