title: Microbial quality of oysters sold in Western Trinidad and potential health risk to consumers.
abstract: The prevalence and characteristics of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. as well as counts of E. coli in raw oysters, condiments/spices, and raw oyster cocktails sampled from 72 vendors across Western Trinidad were determined. The microbial quality of the water used in the preparation of raw oysters was also investigated. Of 200 samples each of raw oysters, condiments/spices and oyster cocktails tested, 154 (77.0%), 89 (44.5%) and 154 (77.0%) respectively yielded E. coli. The differences were statistically significant (P = < 0.001; chi square = 62.91). The mean E. coli count per g in the ready-to-eat oyster cocktail ranged from 1.5 x 10(3) +/- 2.7 x 10(3) in Couva to 8.7x10(6) +/- 4.9x10(7) in San Fernando. One hundred and forty-six (73.0%) oyster cocktails contaminated with E. coli had counts that exceeded the recommended standard of 16 per g. Of a total of 590 E. coli isolates from various sources tested, 24 (4.1%), 20 (3.4%) and 69 (11.7%) were mucoid, haemolytic and non-sorbitol fermenters respectively. Twelve (2.0%) isolates of E. coli were O157 strains, while 92 (46.0%) of 200 E. coli isolates tested belonged to enteropathogenic serogroups. Ninety (45.0%) and 73 (36.5%) of 200 water samples contained total coliforms and faecal coliforms respectively, with counts that exceeded 2.2 coliforms per 100 ml. Salmonella spp. were isolated from 7 (3.5%), 1 (0.5%) and 2 (1.0%) of 200 samples each, of raw oysters, condiments/spices and oyster cocktails respectively. Oysters pose a health risk to consumers in Trinidad, particularly from colibacillosis and salmonellosis, and the need for increased public awareness of this hazard cannot be over-emphasized.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Rampersad
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Laloo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: La Borde
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maharaj
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sookhai
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Teelucksingh
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: McDougall
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Adesiyun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003132:Commerce; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006801:Humans; D010125:Ostreidae / Q000382:microbiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012475:Salmonella / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D017365:Spices / Q000382:microbiology*; D014300:Trinidad and Tobago; D014871:Water Microbiology