title: Survival and neurodevelopmental outcome of young children with medulloblastoma at St Jude Children's Research Hospital.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Young children treated for medulloblastoma are at especially high risk for morbidity and mortality from their disease and therapy. This study sought to assess the relationship, if any, between patient outcome and M stage. Neuropsychologic and endocrine outcomes were also assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-nine consecutively diagnosed infants and young children were treated for medulloblastoma at St Jude Children's Research Hospital between November 1984 and December 1995. All patients were treated with the intent of using postoperative chemotherapy to delay planned irradiation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median age at diagnosis was 2.6 years. Six patients completed planned chemotherapy without progressive disease and underwent irradiation at completion of chemotherapy. Twenty-three children experienced disease progression during chemotherapy and underwent irradiation at the time of progression. The 5-year overall survival rate for the entire cohort was 51% +/- 10%. The 5-year progression-free survival rate was 21% +/- 8%. M stage did not impact survival. All patients lost cognitive function during and after therapy at a rate of -3.9 intelligence quotient points per year (P =.0028). Sensory functions declined significantly after therapy (P =.007). All long-term survivors required hormone replacement therapy and had growth abnormalities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of infants treated for medulloblastoma experienced disease progression during initial chemotherapy. However, more than half of these patients can be cured with salvage radiation therapy, regardless of M stage. The presence of metastatic disease did not increase the risk of dying from medulloblastoma. All patients treated in this fashion have significant neuropsychologic deficits. Our experience demonstrates that medulloblastoma in infancy is a curable disease, albeit at a significant cost.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Hematology-Oncology, Behavioral Medicine, Radiation Oncology, and Biostatistics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA. awwalter@nemours.org
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Mulhern
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gajjar
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Heideman
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Reardon
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Sanford
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Kun
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002528:Cerebellar Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008527:Medulloblastoma / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D013006:Growth Hormone