title: Aetiology and diagnosis of persistent nasal disease in the dog: a retrospective study of 42 cases.
abstract: Forty-two dogs with a history of persistent nasal disease were evaluated by a combination of clinical examination, thoracic and nasal radiography, retroflexed endoscopy and biopsy, and anterograde rhinoscopy and blind nasal biopsy. A definitive diagnosis was made in 91 per cent of cases. Neoplasia was the most common diagnosis (33 per cent of cases), followed by inflammatory rhinitis (24 per cent). Other diagnoses included periodontal disease (10 per cent), aspergillosis (7 per cent) and foreign bodies (7 per cent). Adenocarcinoma was the most common tumour diagnosed. The clinical findings were found to be too variable to be used as specific diagnostic criteria. Anterograde rhinoscopy and retroflexed endoscopy had higher specificity and sensitivity than radiology for the diagnosis of neoplasia, inflammatory rhinitis, aspergillosis and foreign bodies. With a systematic approach to the investigation of persistent nasal disease, a definitive diagnosis can be successfully obtained in the vast majority of cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies Hospital for Small Animals, University of Edinburgh, Ester Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tasker
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Knottenbelt
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Munro
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stonehewer
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Mackin
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary; D000818:Animals; D001228:Aspergillosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary; D002813:Chondrosarcoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D004285:Dogs; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary; D009668:Nose Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D009669:Nose Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014076:Tooth Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary