title: Unilateral neck exploration under local anesthesia: the approach of choice for asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Conventional parathyroidectomy involves a bilateral neck exploration with the patient under general anesthesia with a thorough search for all parathyroid tissue. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of unilateral neck exploration under local anesthesia in patients with asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism (first-degree hyperparathyroidism).
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 679 patients who underwent parathyroidectomy for first-degree hyperparathyroidism from July 1989 to June 1997, 230 asymptomatic patients underwent unilateral neck exploration under local anesthesia. Selection criteria for this approach included the successful identification of a solitary parathyroid adenoma on preoperative imaging, no thyroid disease, and no family history of multiple endocrine neoplasia. Intact parathyroid hormone levels were monitored during the operation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total serum calcium levels were normal in 220 patients (96%) 3 to 6 months after surgery. Ten patients (4%) experienced persistent hypercalcemia, 8 of whom had multiple gland disease and 2 of whom had false-positive imaging. Two of these patients underwent bilateral neck exploration under general anesthesia and were cured, although 8 patients remained asymptomatic and were followed up non-operatively. The mean operating time was 30 minutes (range, 12-65 minutes). There were two complications (0.87%) including one wound hematoma and one transient recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Unilateral neck exploration under local anesthesia is an efficacious and safe approach to the treatment of first-degree hyperparathyroidism and should be considered in all patients with asymptomatic disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, USA.
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Inabnet
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fulla
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Richard
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bonnichon
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Icard
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chapuis
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000097:blood / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006961:Hyperparathyroidism / Q000097:blood / Q000601:surgery*; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009333:Neck / Q000601:surgery; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D010282:Parathyroid Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000601:surgery; D016105:Parathyroidectomy / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D002118:Calcium