title: Evaluation of neuromuscular and cardiovascular effects of two doses of rapacuronium (ORG 9487) versus mivacurium and succinylcholine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study compares the neuromuscular blocking and cardiovascular effects of rapacuronium (ORG 9487), a new aminosteroid nondepolarizing muscle relaxant, to recommended intubating doses of succinylcholine and mivacurium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult patients were randomized in an open-label fashion to receive 1-5 microg/kg fentanyl before 1.5 mg/kg propofol induction followed by 1.5 or 2.5 mg/kg rapacuronium, 1.0 mg/kg succinylcholine, or 0.25 mg/kg mivacurium (i.e., 0.15 mg/kg followed by 0.1 mg/kg 30 s later).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patient neuromuscular blockade status was monitored by measuring the train-of-four response to a supramaximal stimulus at the ulnar nerve every 12 s. Percentage of the first twitch of the train-of-four (T1) at 60 s was similar in patients receiving 1.5 mg/kg rapacuronium, 2.5 mg/kg rapacuronium, and succinylcholine and was significantly less than in patients in the mivacurium group (26, 16, and 18%, respectively, vs. 48%; P < 0.01). Times to 80% T1 depression were also similar among patients in the 1.5 mg/kg rapacuronium, 2.5 mg/kg rapacuronium, and succinylcholine groups and significantly longer in the mivacurium group (62, 54, and 54 s, respectively, vs. 112 s; P < 0.01). Clinical duration was longer in all groups compared with the succinylcholine group; however, clinical duration in the 1.5 mg/kg rapacuronium group was shorter compared with the mivacurium group (15 vs. 21 min, respectively; P < 0.01). Heart rate changes were mild in the 1.5 mg/kg rapacuronium, succinylcholine, and mivacurium groups. The patients in the 2.5 mg/kg rapacuronium group had significantly higher heart rates compared with patients in the mivacurium group. No differences were found in blood pressure changes among patients in the four groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rapacuronium, 1.5 and 2.5 mg/kg, produced neuromuscular blockade as rapidly as succinylcholine and significantly faster than mivacurium. Although succinylcholine continued to show the shortest duration, 1.5 mg/kg rapacuronium used a rapid onset and a relatively short duration and may be considered an alternative to succinylcholine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa 33612, USA. miguel@moffitt.usf.edu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Miguel
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Witkowski
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagashima
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fragen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bartkowski
authors.forename: F F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Foldes
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shanks
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077590:Mivacurium; D009467:Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D011229:Preanesthetic Medication; D013390:Succinylcholine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D014673:Vecuronium Bromide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*
chemical_list: D007546:Isoquinolines; D009467:Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; D000077590:Mivacurium; D014673:Vecuronium Bromide; C082938:rapacuronium; D013390:Succinylcholine