title: Caudal vena cava obstruction and ascites in a cat treated by balloon dilation and endovascular stent placement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present details of an unusual case of caudal vena caval obstruction and its management in a cat.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical case report.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 15 month old male castrated domestic shorthaired cat.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The diagnostic evaluation included the use of digital subtraction angiography and ultrasonography to locate the caudal vena caval obstruction. Treatment initially involved puncture and balloon dilation of the obstructed area of the cava. After reobstruction, the stenotic area was redilated and stented. The cat was euthanatized 4 weeks later because of vomiting, anorexia, and abnormal behavior, presumed to be associated with liver disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interventional radiography provided a minimally invasive way to manage this unusual vascular anomaly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia 19104-6010, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Holt
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Aronson
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Peikes
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goldschmidt
authors.forename: Z J
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Haskal
mesh_terms: D000792:Angiography / Q000662:veterinary; D000818:Animals; D001201:Ascites / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D002404:Catheterization / Q000662:veterinary*; D002415:Cats; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D015607:Stents / Q000662:veterinary*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000473:pathology*