title: Inhibition of calpain blocks platelet secretion, aggregation, and spreading.
abstract: Previous studies have indicated that the Ca(2+)-dependent protease, calpain, is activated in platelets within 30-60 s of thrombin stimulation, but specific roles of calpain in platelets remain to be identified. To directly test the functions of calpain during platelet activation, a novel strategy was developed for introducing calpain's specific biological inhibitor, calpastatin, into platelets prior to activation. This method involves treatment of platelets with a fusion peptide, calpastat, consisting of the cell-penetrating signal sequence from Kaposi's fibroblast growth factor connected to a calpain-inhibiting consensus sequence derived from calpastatin. Calpastat specifically inhibits thrombin peptide (SFLLR)-induced alpha-granule secretion (IC(50) = 20 microM) during the first 30 s of activation, thrombin-induced platelet aggregation (IC(50) = 50 microM), and platelet spreading on glass surfaces (IC(50) = 34 microM). Calpastat-Ala, a mutant peptide in which alanine is substituted at conserved calpastatin residues, lacks calpain inhibitory activity and fails to inhibit secretion, aggregation, or spreading. The peptidyl calpain inhibitors calpeptin, MDL 28,170 (MDL) and E64d also inhibit secretion, aggregation and spreading, but require 3-10-fold higher concentrations than calpastat for biological activity. Together, these findings demonstrate that calpain regulates platelet secretion, aggregation, and spreading and indicate that calpain plays an earlier role in platelet activation following thrombin receptor stimulation than had been previously detected.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Croce
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Flaumenhaft
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rivers
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Furie
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Furie
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Herman
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Potter
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D002154:Calpain / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010973:Platelet Adhesiveness / Q000502:physiology*; D010974:Platelet Aggregation
chemical_list: D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C033668:calpastatin; D002154:Calpain