title: Impact on postmenopausal symptoms of adding continuous C-21 versus C-19 progestin to estrogen.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects of (i) continuous low dosage C-19 progestin (dl-norgestrel, NG) plus cyclical conjugated estrogen (CEE) versus (ii) continuous low dosage C-21 progestin [medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA)] plus CEE on postmenopausal vaginal bleeding, mood and somatic, psychosomatic and psychological symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women with intact uteri were randomly assigned in a prospective, double-blind, two-period cross-over study of CEE (25/28 days) plus either (i) NG, (0.05 mg/day) or (ii) MPA (2.5 mg/day) for 1 year and after an appropriate wash-out period were switched to the alternative regimen for another year. Four hysterectomized control subjects received the CEE only.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Administration of CEE + MPA versus CEE + NG resulted in a significantly higher percent of cycles which were free of vaginal bleeding (97 vs 85%), spotting (92 vs 79%) and either spotting or bleeding (92 vs 76%, P < 0.01). All three regimens significantly reduced the overall combined scores for postmenopausal somatic, psychosomatic and psychological symptoms (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vaginal bleeding and/or spotting were significantly less frequent with CEE + MPA versus CEE + NG. However, each of the three hormonal regimens improved mood and significantly reduced postmenopausal symptoms in comparison to untreated control values.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre, Ont., Canada. bernard.wolfe@lhsc.on.ca
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Wolfe
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Koval
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Nisker
mesh_terms: D016907:Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; D002979:Climacteric / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D009644:Norgestrel / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D009644:Norgestrel; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate