title: Effect of the worldwide epidemic on HIV prevalence in the United Kingdom: record linkage in anonymous neonatal seroprevalence surveys.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the impact of the worldwide HIV/AIDS epidemic on the prevalence of HIV in women in the United Kingdom (UK), particularly in the large immigrant and ethnic minority communities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Unlinked anonymous neonatal seroprevalence survey with electronic record linkage of data from child health computers (maternal age and ethnic status) and birth registration (parent's country of birth).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of a total 137456 samples collected in 1997-1998, 188 (0.14%) were anti-HIV-1 seropositive. Seroprevalence was highest in women born in East Africa (2.3%) and Central Africa (1.9%). 76.4% of seropositive newborns were delivered to mothers born in sub-Saharan Africa; a further 6.0% had fathers from sub-Saharan Africa. However, there was little evidence of HIV in women born in Southern Asia [prevalence 0.0081%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0-0.04], and none within UK-born Asian communities. Prevalence among the UK-born Black African community was low (0.14%; 95% CI 0-0.6). Among infants with both parents known to be born in the UK, seroprevalence was 0.023% (95% CI 0.01-0.04) in London, and zero (95% CI 0-0.007) in non-Metropolitan areas. Irrespective of mother's region of birth, seroprevalence was 4.2 times higher (95% CI 3.0-5.8) in newborns whose father's details were not recorded at birth registration, a marker for single unsupported mothers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The risk of HIV among pregnant women from sub-Saharan Africa has been recognized. However, in southern England, HIV is very rare in women from Southern Asia and in UK-born women in ethnic minority communities, in spite of cultural and travel ties to high-prevalence countries. Data linkage in anonymous surveys assists in monitoring the impact of the worldwide epidemic on prevalence and incidence locally.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Ades
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Botting
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cubitt
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000349:Africa / Q000208:ethnology; D001208:Asia / Q000208:ethnology; D003625:Data Collection; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005260:Female; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D015528:HIV Seroprevalence; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008498:Medical Record Linkage; D011247:Pregnancy; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015483:HIV Antibodies