title: RNA expression of cardiac troponin T isoforms in diseased human skeletal muscle.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The expression of multiple cardiac troponin T (cTnT) isoforms has been demonstrated in diseased human skeletal muscle. However, cardiac troponin I (cTnI) expression has been described only in heart muscle. The goal of this study was to determine whether mRNA for cTnT, slow skeletal troponin T (sTnT), or cTnI was expressed in skeletal muscle biopsies obtained from patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Total mRNA was extracted from healthy human heart (n = 4), healthy human skeletal muscle (n = 5), and skeletal muscle from patients with ESRD (n = 7) and DMD (n = 5). Total RNA (1 microg) was reverse-transcribed using Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase. The reverse-transcribed cDNAs were amplified by PCR using oligonucleotide primers specific for cTnT, sTnT, and cTnI sequences (GenBank accession numbers X74819, m19308, and X54163, respectively).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all heart specimens, a 150-bp cTnT amplicon was detected. Skeletal muscle from four of seven patients with ESRD and two of five patients with DMD showed expression of a 150-bp amplicon. Using DNA sequencing and a comparison program, the 150-bp amplicons found in heart and diseased skeletal muscle specimens were 100% identical and specific to the cTnT mRNA sequence. No cTnT mRNA expression was found in healthy skeletal muscle. No evidence of sTnT mRNA was found in heart muscle. A 200-bp sTnT amplicon specific to a human sTnT sequence was detected in all skeletal muscle specimens. A 250-bp cTnI amplicon specific to the cTnI sequence was detected in all heart specimens. However, no cTnI mRNA expression was found in healthy or diseased skeletal muscle specimens. cTnT mRNA expression in both heart and diseased skeletal muscles corresponded with cTnT isoform expression, respectively, as determined by Western blot analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings demonstrate cTnT mRNA expression, but no cTnI mRNA expression, by reverse transcription-PCR in diseased human skeletal muscle that expresses cTnT isoforms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Hennepin County Medical Center, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN 55415, USA.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ricchiuti
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Apple
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D020388:Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019210:Troponin I / Q000235:genetics; D020107:Troponin T / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019210:Troponin I; D020107:Troponin T