title: Economic consequences of comorbid depression, anxiety, and allergic rhinitis.
abstract: The present study extends prior work on the association between allergic rhinitis (AR) and common mental disorders by testing three related hypotheses: 1) that AR is associated with increased rates of depression and anxiety disorders in a large insured population, 2) comorbid AR, depression, and anxiety are associated with increased health and mental health expenditures, and 3) allergy treatment moderates the association between increased expenditures and comorbid AR, depression, and anxiety. Data are from MARKETSCAN, a large health care claims database of over 600,000 privately insured persons. Results indicate that AR is associated with higher rates of depression and anxiety disorder. Outpatient health care expenditures were increased by an average annual amount of $207 when AR and anxiety disorder were comorbid and $363 when AR and depression were comorbid. Finally, prescription treatment of AR moderated the increased expenditures associated with comorbidity.
authors.affiliation: United Behavioral Health, San Francisco, CA 94105-2426, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cuffel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wamboldt
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Borish
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Crystal-Peters
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015897:Comorbidity; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016527:Drug Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005102:Health Expenditures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007345:Insurance Claim Review / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012221:Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006255:Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology