title: Adenosine as an adjunct to thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: results of a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial: the Acute Myocardial Infarction STudy of ADenosine (AMISTAD) trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Acute Myocardial Infarction STudy of ADenosine (AMISTAD) trial was designed to test the hypothesis that adenosine as an adjunct to thrombolysis would reduce myocardial infarct size.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction (MI) has been shown to reduce mortality, but reperfusion itself also may have deleterious effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  The AMISTAD trial was a prospective, open-label trial of thrombolysis with randomization to adenosine or placebo in 236 patients within 6 h of infarction onset. The primary end point was infarct size as determined by Tc-99 m sestamibi single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging 6+/-1 days after enrollment based on multivariable regression modeling to adjust for covariates. Secondary end points were myocardial salvage index and a composite of in-hospital clinical outcomes (death, reinfarction, shock, congestive heart failure or stroke).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, 236 patients were enrolled. Final infarct size was assessed in 197 (83%) patients. There was a 33% relative reduction in infarct size (p = 0.03) with adenosine. There was a 67% relative reduction in infarct size in patients with anterior infarction (15% in the adenosine group vs. 45.5% in the placebo group) but no reduction in patients with infarcts located elsewhere (11.5% for both groups). Patients randomized to adenosine tended to reach the composite clinical end point more often than those assigned to placebo (22% vs. 16%; odds ratio, 1.43; 95% confidence interval, 0.71 to 2.89).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many agents thought to attenuate reperfusion injury have been unsuccessful in clinical investigation. In this study, adenosine resulted in a significant reduction in infarct size. These data support the need for a large clinical outcome trial.
authors.affiliation: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina 27715, USA. mahaf002@mc.duke.edu
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Mahaffey
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Puma
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Barbagelata
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: DiCarli
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Leesar
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Browne
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Eisenberg
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bolli
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Casas
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Molina-Viamonte
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Orlandi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Blevins
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Gibbons
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Califf
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Granger
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D000241:Adenosine