title: Recent bioequivalence studies on fixed-dose combination anti-tuberculosis drug formulations available on the global market.
abstract: METHODS
  Concern has been expressed about the bioavailability of rifampicin in some fixed-dose combination (FDC) anti-tuberculosis formulations.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the relative bioavailability of rifampicin in various FDC formulations currently in use in tuberculosis control programmes in the global market.
  
  
  METHODS
  A two-period randomised crossover bioequivalence study in healthy male volunteers, with a 1 week washout period between treatments. Plasma rifampicin concentrations were measured at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 hours after each drug administration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The AUC0-8, AUC0-12 and Cmax for rifampicin in seven of 10 FDC formulations was not found to be bioequivalent to the reference administered as loose (separate) formulations. This was confirmed using parametric and non-parametric statistical methods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The poor relative bioavailability of rifampicin from some FDCs has been documented. The implications for tuberculosis programmes are extremely serious and warrant urgent attention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Durban Westville, South Africa. cpillai@pixie.udw.ac.za
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pillai
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Fourie
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Padayatchi
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Onyebujoh
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: McIlleron
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gabriels
mesh_terms: D000904:Antibiotics, Antitubercular / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001682:Biological Availability; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012293:Rifampin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013810:Therapeutic Equivalency; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000904:Antibiotics, Antitubercular; D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D012293:Rifampin