The role of EP-guided therapy in ventricular arrhythmias: beta-blockers, sotalol, and ICD's.
Arrhythmic death can be reduced by antiarrhythmic drugs to a range of 24%. Electrophysiologic study by testing noninducibility of ventricular arrhythmia represents the classic method for evaluating the effectiveness of drug therapy. Several clinical studies have shown thaat sotalol suppresses VT induction and prevents arrhythmias recurrences at long term follow-up in 23% to 67% of patients. The efficacy of sotalol EP guided therapy in preventing VT/VF is not necessarily related to prevention of sudden death. In the ESVEM study the superiority of d,l-sotalol to other antiarrhythmic drugs was confirmed. The response to programmed ventricular stimulation was found to be strongly predictive for arrhythmia free state while the failure of sotalol therapy to suppress VT at the EP study was associated with an high recurrence rate (40%). However, EP study failes to predict freedom from sudden death. The beta-blocking activity of racemic sotalol may account for some of the observed survival benefit.Beta-blockers therapy reduces mortality in patients after myocardial infarction primarily by a reduction of sudden death. A reduction of death, worsening heart failure and life threatening ventricular arrhythmias was shown in a recent study on carvedilol. In the prospective study of Steinbeck the EP guided-therapy did not improve the overall outcome when compared to metoprolol. Suppression of inducible arrhythmias by antiarrhythmic drugs was associated with a better outcome. The effectiveness of defibrillator therapy in reducing overall mortality, has been uncertain since great clinical trials have been concluded. MADIT, AVID and CASH trials confirmed the superiority of ICD therapy over antiarrhythmic drugs therapy: ICD should be considered the first choice therapy in post-cardiac arrest patients. The ongoing BEST Trial will give us further responses about the interaction between EP study and metoprolol effect compared to ICD in patients post myocardial infarction also focusing on tolerability and compliance of the beta-blocking therapy in patients with low ejection fraction. In this study will be useful to optimize therapy in patients at high risk of sudden death.
Capucci
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Divisione di Cardiologia, Ospedale Civile, via Taverna 49, 29100 Piacenza-Italy. a.capucci@auslpc.agonet.it.
Aschieri
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Villani
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D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D004594:Electrophysiology / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D013015:Sotalol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D017180:Tachycardia, Ventricular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*
D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D013015:Sotalol