A CXC chemokine receptor, CXCR5/BLR1, is a novel and specific coreceptor for human immunodeficiency virus type 2.
G protein-coupled receptors serve as coreceptors in the infection process of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1), type-2 (HIV-2), and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). In this study, we showed that a CXC-CKR, CXCR5/BLR1, is a novel coreceptor for HIV-2, but for neither HIV-1 nor SIV. The expression of CXCR5 was detected by polymerase chain reaction after reverse transcription of cellular mRNA from S+L-HOS/CD4 cells and MT-2 human T cells, and the CXCR5 gene was cloned into an expression vector. S+L-HOS/CD4 cells were susceptible to several HIV-2 strains but not most HIV-1 strains. To examine a coreceptor activity of CXCR5, we used NP-2/CD4, which is a human glioma cell line, NP-2, transduced with the CD4 gene that shows strict resistance to infection with HIV-1, HIV-2, SIVmac, SIVagm, or SIVmnd strain. When CXCR5 was transduced into NP-2/CD4 cells, they became highly susceptible to HIV-2ROD and HIV-2CBL23 strains in a CD4-dependent manner but to not to HIV-1 or SIV strains. Anti-CXCR5 monoclonal antibody and a ligand for CXCR5, BCA-1, inhibited HIV-2 infection to NP-2/CD4/CXCR5 cells. Our findings suggest a possibility that CXCR5/BLR1 serves as a coreceptor for HIV-2 strains in vivo.
Kanbe
K
K
Department of Virology and Preventive Medicine, Gunma University School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Gunma, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan.
Shimizu
N
N
Soda
Y
Y
Takagishi
K
K
Hoshino
H
H
D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015870:Gene Expression; D015726:Giant Cells; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology; D015498:HIV-2 / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000235:genetics; D054380:Receptors, CXCR5; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015728:Receptors, HIV / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000502:physiology; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015704:CD4 Antigens; C095085:CXCR5 protein, human; D008024:Ligands; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D054380:Receptors, CXCR5; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine; D015728:Receptors, HIV