title: Pelvic inflammation induced by diagnostic laparoscopy in baboons.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that diagnostic laparoscopy can cause pelviperitoneal inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of data collected during a prospective controlled study in baboons.
  
  
  METHODS
  An academic research environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples were collected during laparoscopies in female baboons at the Institute of Primate Research, Kenya.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the first part of the study, 44 laparoscopies were performed in 16 baboons (5 with a normal pelvis, 11 with endometriosis) during the luteal phase, with a time interval of 1 month. In the second part of the study, 53 laparoscopies were performed in 15 baboons (6 with a normal pelvis, 9 with endometriosis) during the late follicular and luteal phases of one cycle, with a median time of 3-4 days between each laparoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Peritoneal fluid (PF) was measured and analyzed for white blood cell (WBC) concentrations and, in the second part of the study, for the distribution of lymphocyte subsets (CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD20) and for the presence of cytokines transforming growth factor-beta1, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the first part of the study, PF volumes and WBC concentrations were comparable at the baseline and follow-up laparoscopies. In the second part of the study, PF obtained at the second laparoscopy showed a 10-fold increase in volume, a 3-fold increase in WBC concentration, a 10-fold increase in IL-6 concentration, and a 2-fold increase in transforming growth factor-beta1 concentration when compared with PF obtained at the first laparoscopy. The PF subset of granulocytes and CD3-positive cells was higher and the PF subset of macrophages was lower at follow-up laparoscopies than at the baseline laparoscopy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diagnostic laparoscopy can cause peritoneal inflammation in baboons.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Primate Research, Nairobi, Kenya. thomas.dhooghe@uz.kuleuven.ac.be
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: D'Hooghe
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Bambra
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Raeymaekers
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hill
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008183:Luteal Phase; D010215:Papio; D010388:Pelvis; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000209:etiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies