title: Extraction and recovery of organochlorine pesticides from fungal mycelia.
abstract: An extraction method was developed to recover organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) associated with live and mercuric chloride-treated fungal mycelia. A Cladosporium sp. was inoculated into potato dextrose broth, DDT (90 mg/l) added and incubated for seven days. The combination of a microextraction procedure for aqueous-phase-associated DDT and a sonication extraction for mycelia-bound DDT, using dichloromethane as the extracting solvent, resulted in the recovery of 31-51% of added DDT. DDT recovery was increased to 62-65% by grinding the fungal mycelia before sonication. Alkali and nitric acid pretreatments were tested to increase the recovery of DDT associated with fungal mycelia, however, these treatments resulted in the production of unidentified DDT transformation products. Pretreating mycelia containing DDT in concentrated hydrochloric acid at 60 degrees C for 2, 4 and 6 h resulted in DDT recoveries of 90-91%, 99% and 101-102% respectively without the production of transformation products. When an OCP mixture (DDT, DDD and DDE) was added to fungal mycelia, between 89% and 96% of DDT, DDD and DDE were recovered from live cultures compared to 85-91% in mercuric chloride-treated cultures using the microextraction/hydrochloric acid pretreatment (60 degrees C/6 h) sonication extraction method.
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Land and Water, South Australia, Australia. Albert.Juhasz@adl.clw.csiro.au
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Juhasz
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Naidu
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D002963:Cladosporium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development*; D003634:DDT / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D007306:Insecticides / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism; D013010:Sonication
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D003634:DDT