title: Intraoperative neurosurgical ultrasonography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ultrasound scanning is a well-established means of evaluating intracranial structures in infants and children with open fontanelles. However, it remains underutilized in neurosurgical operations. We present our experience with the intraoperative use of realtime ultrasonography during 36 neurosurgical procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six intraoperative ultrasonography (IOUS) procedures were performed over the past two years. Thirty-two patients had intracranial lesions and four had intraspinal tumors. A real-time scanner equipped with a 5 MHz and a 7.5 MHz transducer was used during surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IOUS worked well, regardless of the location of the craniotomy site. It was useful in localizing and characterizing intracranial and intraspinal masses, assuring the completeness of tumor removal (22 cases), proper positioning of ventricular shunt catheters (5 cases), guiding and confirming the decompression of cysts or abscesses (3 cases) and real time monitoring of surgical complications (36 cases).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IOUS can be helpful in defining intracranial and intraspinal lesions as well as normal architecture. It shortens the operative time and decreases the surgical morbidity. The expertise of the physician with sonographic equipment facilitates its accurate and expedient intraoperative neurosurgical application.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: K N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D013120:Spinal Cord Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D014463:Ultrasonography