Longitudinal distribution of chlorine absorption in human airways: a comparison to ozone absorption.
The bolus inhalation method was used to measure the fraction of inhaled chlorine (Cl(2)) and ozone (O(3)) absorbed during a single breath as a function of longitudinal position in the respiratory system of 10 healthy nonsmokers during oral and nasal breathing at respired flows of 150, 250, and 1,000 ml/s. At all experimental conditions, <5% of inspired Cl(2) penetrated beyond the upper airways and none reached the respiratory air spaces. On the other hand, larger penetrations of O(3) beyond the upper airways occurred as flow increased and during nasal than during oral breathing. In the extreme case of oral breathing at 1,000 ml/s, 35% of inhaled O(3) penetrated beyond the upper airways and approximately 10% reached the respiratory air spaces. Mass transfer theory indicated that the diffusion resistance of the tissue phase was negligible for Cl(2) but important for O(3). The gas phase resistances were the same for Cl(2) and O(3) and were directly correlated with the volume of the nose and mouth during nasal and oral breathing, respectively.
Nodelman
V
V
Biomolecular Transport Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
Ultman
J S
JS
D000042:Absorption; D002713:Chlorine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D010126:Ozone / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014018:Tissue Distribution
D002713:Chlorine; D010126:Ozone