title: Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in military and civilian flying personnel.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The metabolic syndrome (MS) affects 20-30% of the middle-aged population in highly industrialized countries, consisting of a cluster of diseases including obesity, hypertension, dyslipoproteinemia and glucose intolerance.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  If the population of flying personnel (FP) faces a high risk to develop MS, due to the specific workload of specialized aircrew, the consequences for aeromedical screening are to be reconsidered.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data of the complete military flying personnel (MFP) of Germany were screened to develop MS-related risk factors, regular physical activity and determination of nicotin and alcohol consumption. A comparable screening of a population of German civilian flying personnel (CFP) was undertaken by questionnaire. Statistics were completed by comparison of averages by t-test for independent random-samples of different variances and testing of independence of single characteristics by chi2-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data of approximately 10,000 aircrew members were obtained. It was possible to determine a group of MFP with higher risk to develop MS later in life, called "possible future metabolics" (PFM). Comparison of PFM with the MFP control group (MCG) and CFP clearly showed that obesity, dyslipoproteinemia and hypertension are the main single and/or combined risk factors. As a new aspect, data of MFP showed possible connections between thyroideal dysfunction and the prevalence of relevant MS-risk factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The purpose of this investigation was to determine the actual risk of MS in German FP and to confirm the current MS-related regular screening measures. This study revealed that German MFP and CFP show a high quality health status without significant differences between both groups. Continuing the current regular flight medical screening will prevent FP from losing its high quality health status.
authors.affiliation: German Air Force Institute of Aviation Medicine, Fürstenfeldbruck.
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Kalff
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maya-Pelzer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Andexer
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Deuber
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000337:Aerospace Medicine; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D006951:Hyperlipoproteinemias / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires