title: Duodenal ulcer relapse is not always associated with recurrence of H. pylori infection: a prospective three-year follow-up study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Long-term data concerning the reappearance of Helicobacter pylori infection and duodenal ulcer (DU) recurrence after successful eradication are still few and conflicting. Inadequate histological assessment or use of indirect tests for the determination of H. pylori and bias in the selection of patients to be controlled can influence reported results. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of recurrence of H. pylori infection and ulcer relapse in a population of cured DU patients followed up for 3 years irrespective of their symptomatology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1992 and 1994, 126 patients with DU disease were treated with double or triple therapy. Patients using nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs or aspirin or receiving maintenance antisecretory therapy were excluded. H. pylori infection was assessed by three bioptic tests from both the antrum and the body (culture, urease, histopathological examination). After 2 months from cessation of treatment, DU had healed and H. pylori infection was cured in 102 of 126 patients (81%). These patients were endoscopically followed up after 1 and 3 years, respectively, and were advised to contact us at symptom recurrence. At 1 and 3 years, we studied 95 (93.2%) and 79 (77.4%) patients, respectively, of the 102 who were cured. The other patients were untraceable or refused endoscopy because they were asymptomatic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 1 year, no patient had H. pylori recurrence, whereas three patients had a relapse of DU without evidence of infection. After 3 years, recurrence of H. pylori occurred in six patients (annual rate, 2.5%), DU relapsed in five H. pylori-positive patients (6.3%) and in two H. pylori-negative patients (annual rate, 1.9%). Fasting gastrin and acid secretion values studied in all relapsed patients were within the normal range except for one H. pylori-positive patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recurrence of H. pylori infection is very low where treatment is effective, but a DU relapse, not related to acid hypersecretion, can occur in a small percentage of cured patients.
authors.affiliation: Cattedra di Gastroenterologia II Clinica Medica, Universita La Sapienza, Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Martino
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paoletti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marcheggiano
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: D'Ambra
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Delle Fave
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Annibale
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004381:Duodenal Ulcer / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D009853:Omeprazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010406:Penicillins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence
chemical_list: D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D010406:Penicillins; D008795:Metronidazole; D000658:Amoxicillin; D009853:Omeprazole