title: Functional electrical stimulation exercise increases GLUT-1 and GLUT-4 in paralyzed skeletal muscle.
abstract: The study purpose was to determine the effect of functional electrical stimulation (FES)-leg cycle ergometer training (30 minutes on 3 d/wk for 8 weeks) on the GLUT-1 and GLUT-4 content of paralyzed skeletal muscle. Biopsy samples of vastus lateralis muscle were obtained pre- and post-training from five individuals with motor-complete spinal cord injury ([SCI] four men and one woman aged 31 to 50 years, 3 to 25 years postinjury involving C5-T8). Western blot analysis indicated that GLUT-1 increased by 52% and GLUT-4 increased by 72% with training (P < .05). This coincided with an increase in the muscle oxidative capacity as indicated by a 56% increase in citrate synthase (CS) activity (P < .05) and an improvement in the insulin sensitivity index as determined from oral glucose tolerance tests (P < .05). It is concluded that FES endurance training is effective to increase glucose transporter protein levels in paralyzed skeletal muscle of individuals with SCI.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Chilibeck
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Murdoch
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: MacLean
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Burnham
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002950:Citrate (si)-Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010243:Paralysis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; C495677:SLC2A1 protein, human; C495692:SLC2A4 protein, human; D002950:Citrate (si)-Synthase