title: Open MR imaging of the unstable shoulder in the apprehension test position: description and evaluation of an alternative MR examination position.
abstract: The aim of this study was to describe and evaluate an alternative MR assessment procedure for analysis of unstable shoulders. Twelve patients with unilateral recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation had both shoulders examined. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed with an open-MR system in the apprehension position with the shoulder in 90 degrees of abduction and maximum tolerable external rotation. Contrast enhancement was achieved with intravenous gadolinium. Correlations were made to the findings at operation. In 10 of 12 unstable shoulders the inferior glenohumeral ligament labral complex (IGHLLC) was detached from the glenoid as seen on MR and later verified during surgery. In one shoulder MR was unable to show a capsulolabral detachment that was verified at surgery, whereas in one shoulder both MR and surgical assessment revealed no soft tissue detachment (accuracy 92 %). A Hill-Sachs lesion was visualized and verified in all unstable shoulders, whereas the stable controls revealed normal IGHLLC and no Hill-Sachs lesion. Open-MRI evaluation of the shoulder in the apprehension test position may become a useful tool for the evaluation of anterior shoulder instability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Uppsala University Hospital, S-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wintzell
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Haglund-Akerlind
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zyto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Larsson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001182:Arthroscopy; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D017746:Joint Capsule / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D008023:Ligaments, Articular / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D011187:Posture; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012008:Recurrence; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012399:Rotation; D012783:Shoulder Dislocation / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005682:Gadolinium