title: American ginseng extract reduces scopolamine-induced amnesia in a spatial learning task.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if HT-1001, an extract of American ginseng, affects scopolamine-induced memory and performance deficits in a spatial learning task, alters brain concentrations of aminergic neurotransmitters, and alters choline uptake in synaptosome preparations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Animal study.
  
  
  METHODS
  48 Sprague Dawley rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Long-term oral administration of a test material or control solution. Intraperitoneal administration of scopolamine (2 mg/kg) 30 minutes before testing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Performance on Morris water maze task, choline uptake, aminergic neurotransmitter analysis, in vitro monoamine oxidase analysis (of compounds).
  
  
  RESULTS
  HT-1001 protected against scopolamine-induced amnesia and increased choline uptake in synaptosomal preparations. HT-1001 did not alter brain concentrations of norepinephrine, dopamine, 5-HT (serotonin), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid or 5-hydroxyindoleactic acid. HT-1001 had a very weak ability to inhibit monoamine oxidase activity in vitro.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HT-1001 demonstrates a capacity to protect against scopolamine-induced memory deficits.
authors.affiliation: CV Technologies, Edmonton, Alta. Duff@cvtechnologies.com
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Sloley
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ba
authors.forename: F L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Benishin
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Greenshaw
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Shan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002491:Central Nervous System Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D036145:Ginsenosides; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000187:drug effects*; D009949:Orientation / Q000187:drug effects*; D005894:Panax; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012503:Saponins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012601:Scopolamine / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D002491:Central Nervous System Agents; D036145:Ginsenosides; D012503:Saponins; D012601:Scopolamine