Varying the protein source in mixed meal modifies glucose, insulin and glucagon kinetics in healthy men, has weak effects on subjective satiety and fails to affect food intake.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the influence of three dietary protein types (casein, gelatin, soy protein) on satiety and food intake, at two levels of loading (total energy of test meals: 3.6 or 1.8 MJ).


METHODS
The study employed a repeated measures design. Test meals were controlled for energy, macronutrients, fiber and palatability, and contained about 23% energy as protein (of which about 65% was experimentally manipulated). Postprandial subjective satiety and hunger, plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon were assessed for 8 h, and energy and macronutrient intakes were monitored for 24 h.


METHODS
Nine healthy normal-weight men.


RESULTS
No effect of the type of protein on 24 h energy and macronutrient intakes was observed despite a significant effect of protein source on the kinetics of peripheral metabolic responses (but only after 3.6 MJ lunches), and inconsistent effects on subjective hunger and satiety responses A casein-enriched lunch delayed glucose and insulin responses for 1.5 h, compared with soy protein, probably due to a lag in gastric emptying.


CONCLUSIONS
Varying the protein source in a mixed meal modifies glucose, insulin and glucagon kinetics in healthy men, but these variations in satiety-implicated factors have inconsistent effects on subjective satiety and fail to affect food intake.


BACKGROUND
Eridania Béghin-Say, Vilvoorde, Belgium and Association Nationale de la Recherche Technique, France (Convention CIFRE no 537/94).
Lang
V
V
INSERM U 341, Service de Diabétologie, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France.
Bellisle
F
F
Alamowitch
C
C
Craplet
C
C
Bornet
F R
FR
Slama
G
G
Guy-Grand
B
B
D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology*; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D012528:Satiety Response / Q000502:physiology*
D001786:Blood Glucose; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D007328:Insulin; D005934:Glucagon