title: Up-regulation of novel intermediate filament proteins in primary fiber cells: an indicator of all vertebrate lens fiber differentiation?
abstract: The early embryonic development and expression patterns of the eye lens specific cytoskeletal proteins, CP49 and CP95, were determined for the chick and were found to be similar in both human and mouse. These proteins, as well as their homologs in other species, are obligate polymerization partners which form unique filamentous structures termed "beaded filaments." CP49 and CP95 appeared as protein products after 3 days of embryonic development in the chick during the elongation of primary fiber cells. Although limited data were obtained for human embryos at these early developmental timepoints, they were consistent with the interpretation that the up-regulation of these lens specific proteins began only after the initiation of lens vesicle closure. In situ hybridization with the mouse lens confirmed that message levels for beaded filament proteins were greatly elevated in differentiating primary fiber cells. Nuclease protection assays established that mRNA levels for CP49 remained relatively constant while CP95 mRNA levels increased once the process of secondary fiber formation was under way. Although present in relatively low abundance, the mRNA for a unique splice variant of CP49, CP49(INS), was also detected early in embryonic development and into adulthood. Peptide-specific antibodies directed against unique predicted sequences were able to confirm the protein expression of CP49(INS) in both embryonic and adult chick lens cells. These data present the first detailed study of the expression of CP49 and CP95 during early lens development. They suggest that the up-regulated expression of CP49 and CP95 could serve as pan-specific markers for all vertebrate lens fiber development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA. mireland@med.wayne.edu
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Ireland
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sandilands
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Poosch
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kasper
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Graw
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maisel
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Prescott
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Hutcheson
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goebel
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Quinlan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000502:physiology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002645:Chickens / Q000502:physiology; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019085:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000166:cytology* / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012313:RNA / Q000032:analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D013045:Species Specificity; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D005136:Eye Proteins; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C079098:filensin; C084808:phakinin; D012313:RNA