title: Prostate-specific antigen found in type I breast cyst fluids is a secretory product of the apocrine cells lining breast gross cysts.
abstract: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a serine protease thought to be exclusively produced by the prostate epithelial cells, has been recently found in human breast tissues and fluids. PSA in breast cancer is associated with the presence of steroid-hormones and receptors, and its presence seems to be a favourable prognostic indicator. In order to clarify whether the cells lining breast cysts may represent the source of PSA found in human breast cyst fluid, we performed an ultrastructural immunolocalization of PSA in the cells surrounding Type I breast cysts, obtained from breast cyst fluids of women affected by breast gross cystic disease, the most commonly occurring benign breast lesions associated with increased cancer risk. These apocrine cells show morphological features typical of actively synthesizing and secreting cells, and a PSA labelling distributed on free ribosomes, RER cisternae, and secretory granules, indicating that the metabolically active apocrine cells lining the Type I cysts are responsible for the production and secretion of PSA in Type I breast cyst fluids. The synthesis and intracystic accumulation of this serine protease in biosynthetically active apocrine Type I cysts can play an important role in the natural history of breast gross cystic disease as well as in the mechanism of cyst evolution.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Istologia ed Analisi di Laboratorio, Università degli Studi, Urbino, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malatesta
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mannello
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sebastiani
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gazzanelli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001050:Apocrine Glands / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001940:Breast / Q000166:cytology*; D005122:Exudates and Transudates / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D005348:Fibrocystic Breast Disease / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D016253:Microscopy, Immunoelectron; D008875:Middle Aged; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen