title: Steady-state and pre-steady-state kinetics of the mitochondrial F(1)F(o) ATPase: is ATP synthase a reversible molecular machine?
abstract: H(+)-ATP synthase (F(1)F(o) ATPase) catalyzes the synthesis and/or hydrolysis of ATP, and the reactions are strongly affected by all the substrates (products) in a way clearly distinct from that expected of a simple reversibly operating enzyme. Recent studies have revealed the structure of F(1), which is ideally suited for the alternating binding change mechanism, with a rotating gamma-subunit as the energy-driven coupling device. According to this mechanism ATP, ADP, inorganic phosphate (P(i)) and Mg(2+) participate in the forward and reverse overall reactions exclusively as the substrates and products. However, both F(1) and F(1)F(o) demonstrate non-trivial steady-state and pre-steady-state kinetics as a function of variable substrate (product) concentrations. Several effectors cause unidirectional inhibition or activation of the enzyme. When considered separately, the unidirectional effects of ADP, P(i), Mg(2+) and energy supply on ATP synthesis or hydrolysis may possibly be explained by very complex kinetic schemes; taken together, the results suggest that different conformational states of the enzyme operate in the ATP hydrolase and ATP synthase reactions. A possible mechanism for an energy-dependent switch between the two states of F(1)F(o) ATPase is proposed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, School of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119899, Russian Federation. adv@biochem.bio.msu.su
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Vinogradov
mesh_terms: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D007700:Kinetics; D008274:Magnesium / Q000494:pharmacology; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000201:enzymology*; D010710:Phosphates / Q000494:pharmacology; D006180:Proton-Translocating ATPases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D013816:Thermodynamics
chemical_list: D010710:Phosphates; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D006180:Proton-Translocating ATPases; D008274:Magnesium