title: Coping mechanisms in patients presenting for in-vitro-fertilization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to assess the coping mechanisms in patients presenting for in-vitro fertilization (IVF).
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated thirty consecutive couples presenting for in-vitro-fertilization. All couples were interviewed individually at first, and then together, using a semi-structured interview technique. Psychiatric diagnoses were made using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-IV (DSM-IV) criteria. Coping mechanisms used by the individuals were assessed using the Mechanisms of Coping Scale (MOCS). Other instruments used were Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D-17), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Self-Rating Symptom Scale (SRSS), and Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of the sixty patients was 32.3 +/- 5.2 years. Fatalism was the commonest factor on the mechanisms of coping scale. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) across all factors of the MOCS for demographic factors showed that men used problem-solving mechanisms significantly more often than women (F = 3.0, df = 1, 58, p < 0.05). ANOVA across coping factors on stressors with post-hoc tests of significance revealed that individuals facing social stress used fatalism significantly more often than other coping mechanisms, while those facing career stress used problem-solving significantly more often than other coping mechanisms (F = 5.6, df = 1, 58, p < 0.05 and F = 3.04, df = 1, 58, p < 0.01 respectively). ANOVA across coping factors on HAM-D-17 scores revealed that individuals who used fatalism had significantly higher HAM-D-17 scores compared to those who did not (F = 4.4, df = 1, 58, p < 0.05). ANOVA across coping factors on HAM-A scores revealed that individuals who used escape-avoidance had significantly lower HAM-A scores than those who did not (F = 4.3, df = 1, 58, p < 0.05). ANOVA across coping factors on SRSS scores revealed that individuals who used passivity or fatalistic coping mechanisms had significantly higher scores on SRSS than who did not (F = 4.6, df = 1, 58, p < 0.05 and F = 3.5, df = 1, 58, p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Differential patterns of coping were found among the sixty individuals presenting for IVF and were associated with a variety of factors including gender, education, stressors, and levels of depression, anxiety, and overall psychopathology. Efforts to recognize and recruit the coping mechanisms of infertile individuals are likely to enhance their ability to participate effectively in treatment.
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sonawalla
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Parikh
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Parikh
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D003674:Defense Mechanisms; D004624:Embryo Transfer / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology; D011340:Problem Solving; D011379:Prognosis; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications