title: Subcranial fronto-orbito-nasal approach for ethmoidal cancers surgical techniques and results.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The authors report their experience with the subfronto-orbito-nasal approach (SFON) for the treatment of 30 patients suffering from ethmoidal cancers over the past 3 years. The advantages and pitfalls of this technique are described and compared with other classic approaches.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among 156 patients suffering from ethmoidal cancers and treated between January 1984 and January 1998, 30 patients were operated on using the SFON approach during the past 3 years. There were 27 males and 3 females, ranging in age from 15 to 77 years. Histologic composition of the lesions was as follows: 15 adenocarcinomas, 6 esthesioneuroblastomas, 3 melanomas, 2 epidermoid carcinomas, 1 nondifferentiated carcinoma, 1 neuroendocrine carcinoma, 1 villous carcinoma, and 1 cystic adenoid carcinoma (cylindroma). According to the authors' classification, 7% were T1, 6% T2, 22% T3, 38.5% T4a, and 26.5% T4b. All patients were operated on through a SFON approach, followed by removal of the tumor and reconstruction of the skull base with a pericranial flap.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Since the mean follow-up was of short duration (12 months, ranging from 3 to 29 months), significant carcinologic results could not be obtained. However, a detailed analysis of the surgical procedure was performed. No patient died or had major complications related to the SFON approach. One cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula and four oculomotricity dysfunctions were observed. Definitive anosmia was reported in all cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The advantages of the procedure include a wide exposure of the anterior skull base through a limited approach, the possibility of modifying the approach according to the size and location of the lesion, total resection of tumors, simplified skull base reconstruction technique, and reduction of postoperative confusion and hospital stay.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Hopital Sainte-Anne, Paris, France.
authors.forename: F X
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Roux
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moussa
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Devaus
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nataf
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Page
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Laccourreye
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schwaab
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brasnu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lacau Saint-Guily
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005004:Ethmoid Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005624:Frontal Bone; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008722:Methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D009296:Nasal Cavity; D009915:Orbit; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012888:Skull Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed