Stigmata: part I. Shame, guilt, and anger.
The aesthetic surgeon may occasionally be consulted by a patient who wishes to discuss what can be done for the scars of self-inflicted wounds on the forearms. These scars are popularly referred to as "hesitation marks" or "suicide gestures." Unlike patients suffering from factitial ulcers or Münchhausen syndrome, these patients will admit to the physician that the scars are the result of self-inflicted wounds. These scars often consist of multiple, parallel, white lines extending up and down the forearms (usually volar surface), with more on the nondominant side. Although the pattern of these scars is apparently what drives these patients to the aesthetic surgeon for relief (because even lay people identify these scars as self-inflicted suicide marks), the authors propose a new and deeper motivation for surgery. Recent experiences with three of these patients resulted in an epiphany that prompted this report. Once the symbolic meaning of these scars was broached, a torrent of thoughts and theories followed. This article will recount these three cases and present a central thesis for this type of self-inflicted injury. A proposal for the proper surgical treatment of this condition will be offered. Uniquely, two of the patients will relate their own stories and propose guidelines and warnings for the aesthetic surgeon.
Welch
J D
JD
Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Washington, USA. jdwelch@msn.com
Meriwether
K
K
Trautman
R
R
D000328:Adult; D000786:Anger; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005543:Forearm Injuries / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006167:Guilt; D006801:Humans; D016728:Self-Injurious Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D012752:Shame; D013406:Suicide, Attempted; D013518:Surgery, Plastic