title: Pneumothoraces and chest tube placement after CT-guided transthoracic lung biopsy using a coaxial technique: incidence and risk factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigates factors influencing the risk of pneumothorax and chest tube placement in patients undergoing CT-guided transthoracic lung biopsy for pulmonary lesions using a coaxial technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 307 patients with pulmonary lesions biopsied under CT guidance. Patient-related parameters considered were age, sex, presence of emphysema or bullae, and lung function data. Lesion-related variables were size, location, cavitary appearance on CT, pleural contact, and depth of the lesion. Procedure variables were duration, type of needle, and experience of the operator. All variables were analyzed as single and multiple dependent variables for occurrence of pneumothorax.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pneumothorax occurred in 61 (19.9%) of the 307 patients, and chest tube placement was required in six patients (2.0%). Univariate analysis showed that lesion size, lesion location, lesion depth, and difficulty of the procedure were significantly associated with a higher rate of pneumothorax. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, we found that lesion depth from the pleural entry point was the sole variable that was significantly associated with an increased risk of pneumothorax. This risk increased with the depth of the lesion. Chest tube placement was required more frequently in patients with severe emphysema, obstructive lung disease, or hyperinflation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lesion depth is the predominant risk factor for pneumothorax in patients undergoing CT-guided transthoracic lung biopsy. Chest tube placement is necessary more frequently in patients with severe emphysema, obstructive lung disease, or hyperinflation.
authors.affiliation: Service d'Imagerie Médicale-Radiologie Diagnostique et Thérapeutique, CHU Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Laurent
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Michel
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Latrabe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tunon de Lara
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marthan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D015505:Chest Tubes; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011030:Pneumothorax / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D012307:Risk Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed