title: Vaccination against ticks (Boophilus spp.): the experience with the Bm86-based vaccine Gavac.
abstract: The control of tick infestations and the transmission of tick-borne diseases remain a challenge for the cattle industry in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Traditional control methods have been only partially successful and the parasites continue to result in significant losses for the cattle industry. Recently, vaccines containing the recombinant B. microplus gut antigen Bm86 have been developed. Our vaccine formulation (Gavac, Heber Biotec S.A., Havana, Cuba) has been registered and is commercially available in Cuba, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Brazil and Mexico. In controlled pen trials, Gavac has been effective for the control of artificial infestations of B. annulatus, B. decoloratus and chemical-sensitive and resistant B. microplus strains from Australia, Africa, America and Iran. In controlled field trials in Cuba, Brazil, Argentina and Mexico, Gavac has shown a 55-100% efficacy in the control of B. microplus infestations in grazing cattle 12-36 weeks after the first vaccination. Field trials under production conditions have been conducted in Cuba, Colombia, Brazil and Mexico in pure and cross-bred cattle herds. The application of Gavac has increased the time between acaricide treatments by an average of 32 /-21 days (P = 0.0005) resulting in important savings for the cattle industry. In Cuba, a cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted in more than 260000 animals. The cost-effectiveness analysis showed a 60% reduction in the number of acaricide treatments, together with the control of tick infestations and transmission of babesiosis, which resulted in savings of 23.4 dollars animal(-1) year (-1). These results clearly demonstrate the advantage of vaccination and support the application of Gavac for the control of Boophilus spp. infestations.
authors.affiliation: Division of Mammalian Cell Genetics, Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnologia, Havana, Cuba. jose_delafuente@yahoo.com
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de la Fuente
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Montero
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Redondo
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: García-García
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Méndez
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Serrano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Valdés
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Enríquez
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Canales
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Boué
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lleonart
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001096:Arachnid Vectors / Q000276:immunology*; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005260:Female; D007843:Latin America; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000662:veterinary; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013983:Tick Control / Q000379:methods*; D013984:Tick Infestations / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D013987:Ticks / Q000276:immunology*; D014611:Vaccination / Q000191:economics / Q000662:veterinary*; D014612:Vaccines; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000191:economics / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: C085065:BM86 protein, Boophilus; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014612:Vaccines; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic