title: Induction of apoptosis in metastatic foci from human gastric cancer xenografts in nude mice and reduction of circulating tumor cells in blood by 5-FU and 1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil.
abstract: Antimetastatic effects of 5-FU and its derivative, 1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil (HCFU) on human gastric cancer micrometastasis and their mode of action were evaluated, using a spontaneous lung metastasis model (HY-1) in nude mice. Metastases were first detected in the lung from 4 weeks after subcutaneous transplantation, growing intravascularly and forming micrometastases at 100% incidence by 6 weeks after implantation. Lung metastasis in mice bearing subcutaneous tumors was significantly inhibited by HCFU at doses of 100-150 mg kg(-1) day(-1) without severe toxic side-effects, when orally administered three times per week either from week 4 or week 6 to 9 weeks after implantation. Spontaneous lung metastasis was also inhibited by the administration of 5-FU, but to lesser extent than with HCFU at equimolar low doses. Apoptosis within primary tumors and lung metastatic foci, as detected by the terminal-deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling method, was found to be significantly enhanced by HCFU as well as 5-FU administration at doses of more than 100 mg kg(-1) day(-1) and 50 mg kg(-1) day(-1) respectively. However, proliferating activity of the metastatic foci, as evaluated by MIB-1 immunostaining, was not significantly suppressed by HCFU or 5-FU treatment. Furthermore, polymerase chain reaction analysis using human specific primers for the beta-globin gene, which proved to be capable of detecting 10 tumor cells/ml mouse blood, revealed that circulating tumor cells in the peripheral blood of mice bearing primary tumors were reduced by HCFU or 5-FU administration. These results indicate that circulating tumor cells in blood and micrometastases in the lung are sensitive to these chemotherapeutic agents, and suggest that the anti-metastatic effect of these agents is mediated, at least in part, by enhanced apoptosis rather than by inhibition of cell proliferation.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pathology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464, Japan. hnakanis@aichi-cc.pref.aichi.jp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsukamoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yasui
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tatematsu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D034961:Antigens, Nuclear; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D008168:Lung / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000556:secondary; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D034961:Antigens, Nuclear; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C017367:carmofur; D005472:Fluorouracil