title: Activation of a frizzled-2/beta-adrenergic receptor chimera promotes Wnt signaling and differentiation of mouse F9 teratocarcinoma cells via Galphao and Galphat.
abstract: The frizzled gene family of putative Wnt receptors encodes proteins that have a seven-transmembrane-spanning motif characteristic of G protein-linked receptors, though no loss-of-function studies have demonstrated a requirement for G proteins for Frizzled signaling. We engineered a Frizzled-2 chimera responsive to beta-adrenergic agonist by using the ligand-binding domains of the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor. The expectation was that the chimera would be sensitive both to drug-mediated activation and blockade, thereby circumventing the problem of purifying soluble and active Wnt ligand to activate Frizzled. Expression of the chimera in zebrafish embryos demonstrated isoproterenol (ISO)-stimulated, propranolol-sensitive calcium transients, thereby confirming the beta-adrenergic nature of Wnt signaling by the chimeric receptor. Because F9 embryonic teratocarcinoma cells form primitive endoderm after stable transfection of Frizzled-2 chimera and stimulation with ISO, they were subject to depletion of G protein subunits. ISO stimulation of endoderm formation of F9 stem cells expressing the chimeric receptor was blocked by pertussis toxin and by oligodeoxynucleotide antisense to Galphao, Galphat2, and Gbeta2. Our results demonstrate the requirement of two pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins, Galphao and Galphat, for signaling by the Frizzled-2 receptor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8651, USA.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Slusarski
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang-Snyder
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Malbon
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D016466:CHO Cells; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D006224:Cricetinae; D051157:Frizzled Receptors; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000494:pharmacology; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / Q000502:physiology*; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D017981:Receptors, Neurotransmitter / Q000502:physiology*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D018243:Teratocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D015027:Zebrafish; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins
chemical_list: D051157:Frizzled Receptors; C489743:Fzd2 protein, mouse; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D017981:Receptors, Neurotransmitter; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; C094522:wnt8b protein, zebrafish; C078604:Fzd2 protein, rat; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D007545:Isoproterenol