title: MR imaging of the cochlear modiolus: area measurement in healthy subjects and in patients with a large endolymphatic duct and sac.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the cochlear modiolus with thin-section magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in healthy subjects and patients with a large endolymphatic duct and sac, and to assess whether the cochlea is normal or abnormal in patients with a large endolymphatic duct and sac.
  
  
  METHODS
  MR images were obtained in 10 ears in five volunteers (group 1), 40 ears in 20 patients with bilateral sensory hearing loss (group 2), three ears in two patients with Mondini malformation (group 3), and 12 ears in seven patients with a large endolymphatic duct and sac (group 4).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In groups 1 and 2, all modiolar areas were larger than 4.0 mm2. In group 3, each modiolus was smaller than 2.0 mm2. In group 4, modiolar areas were smaller than 2.0 mm2 in eight ears and were larger than 4.0 mm2 in four ears.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings in this study confirm that a large endolymphatic duct and sac is frequently associated with modiolar deficiency, but the modiolar area is normal in some cases. This result does not support the recently proposed hypothesis that hearing loss with a large endolymphatic duct and sac is caused by the transmission of subarachnoid pressure forces into the labyrinth through a deficient modiolus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naganawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Iwayama
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fukatsu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishigaki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ichinose
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004711:Endolymphatic Duct / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology; D004712:Endolymphatic Sac / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values