title: Implication of tubby proteins as transcription factors by structure-based functional analysis.
abstract: Tubby-like proteins (TULPs) are found in a broad range of multicellular organisms. In mammals, genetic mutation of tubby or other TULPs can result in one or more of three disease phenotypes: obesity (from which the name "tubby" is derived), retinal degeneration, and hearing loss. These disease phenotypes indicate a vital role for tubby proteins; however, no biochemical function has yet been ascribed to any member of this protein family. A structure-directed approach was employed to investigate the biological function of these proteins. The crystal structure of the core domain from mouse tubby was determined at a resolution of 1.9 angstroms. From primarily structural clues, experiments were devised, the results of which suggest that TULPs are a unique family of bipartite transcription factors.
authors.affiliation: Structural Biology Program, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Ruttenberg Cancer Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine of New York University, New York, NY 10029, USA.
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Boggon
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Santagata
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shapiro
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D017398:Alternative Splicing; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000737:chemistry; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011487:Protein Conformation; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D005136:Eye Proteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C105443:TULP1 protein, human; C105444:TULP2 protein, human; C116465:TULP3 protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors; C098988:Tub protein, mouse; C491353:Tulp1 protein, mouse; C484551:Tulp2 protein, mouse; C485499:Tulp3 protein, mouse; D004247:DNA