title: Loss of anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID) in aged retinal degeneration (rd) mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the capacity to induce ACAID by antigen injection into the anterior chamber is altered in animals with genetically determined retinal degeneration and increased age.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID) induced by injection of ovalbumin into the anterior chamber of the eye was studied in three rodent strains with different forms of hereditary retinal degeneration (Royal College of Surgeon [RCS] rats, retinal degeneration [rd] mice, and Norrie-Disease [ND] mice) and in different age groups (age range, 1-23 months). The data were compared with those of age-matched controls. Aqueous humors of rd mice, RCS rats, and age-matched congenic controls were investigated for concentrations of transforming growth factor-beta2 (TGF-beta2) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ACAID was readily induced in RCS rats and ND mice irrespective of amount of retinal degeneration or aging. In rd mice ACAID could be induced in young animals but not in animals more than 12 months of age. In old rd mice, loss of ACAID was accompanied by a marked reduction in total TGF-beta2 levels in aqueous humor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rd mice more than 1 year of age lose the capacity of the anterior chamber to support the induction of ACAID by intracameral injection of soluble protein antigen. Because loss of ACAID correlated with a decrease in TGF-beta2 concentration in aqueous humor, it is proposed that eyes of rd mice are unable to maintain an immunosuppressive microenvironment necessary for ACAID.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy II, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Welge-Lüssen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wilsch
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Neuhardt
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wayne Streilein
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lütjen-Drecoll
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D000867:Anterior Chamber / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015785:Eye Diseases, Hereditary / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000276:immunology; D051381:Rats; D011922:Rats, Mutant Strains; D012162:Retinal Degeneration / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D010047:Ovalbumin