title: Effect of elevated levels of ornithine decarboxylase on cell cycle progression in skin.
abstract: By crossing TG.AC v-Ha-ras and K6/ODC transgenic mice, we found previously that an activated ras and follicular ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) overexpression cooperate to generate spontaneous tumors in the skin. Cellular proliferation was dramatically increased in the K6/ODC transgenic skin, as evidenced by elevated proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Ki67 expression compared with nontransgenic littermates. Keratinocytes isolated from transgenic skin also displayed increased clonal growth. Paradoxically, expression of the growth inhibition-associated proteins p53, p21Waf1, p27Klp1, and Bax was increased with ODC overexpression in the skin. ODC overexpression did not affect cyclin D/cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (Cdk4)-dependent phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein but stimulated cyclin E/Cdk2 and cyclin A/Cdk2-associated kinase activity, with minimal effect on the levels of these proteins. Thus, ODC/polyamine-induced activation of cyclin E/Cdk2 and cyclin A/Cdk2-associated kinase activity may cooperate with the ras induction of cyclin D/Cdk4/6-associated retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation to not only stimulate proliferation but ultimately contribute to tumor development.
authors.affiliation: Lankenau Medical Research Center, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania 19096, USA. gilmours@mlhs.org
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Gilmour
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Birchler
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rayca
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mostochuk
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D042846:CDC2-CDC28 Kinases; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000737:chemistry; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019925:Cyclin A / Q000502:physiology; D019927:Cyclin E / Q000502:physiology; D051357:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D016213:Cyclins / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000235:genetics; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D011905:Genes, ras / Q000502:physiology; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009955:Ornithine Decarboxylase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
chemical_list: C493957:Cdkn1a protein, mouse; C493961:Cdkn1b protein, mouse; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D019925:Cyclin A; D019927:Cyclin E; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D042846:CDC2-CDC28 Kinases; C495893:Cdk2 protein, mouse; D051357:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases; D009955:Ornithine Decarboxylase