title: The effect of hormone replacement therapy on the number and the proliferation index of endometrial leukocytes.
abstract: This study aimed to determine the changes in endometrial leukocyte subpopulations under sequential hormone replacement therapy (HRT) during the late progestogenic phase. The number of leukocytes was determined using immunohistochemistry utilizing monoclonal antibodies to CD45 (total leukocytes), CD56 (endometrial granulated lymphocytes), CD3 (T-cells), and CD68 (macrophages). Leukocyte proliferation was demonstrated using in-situ hybridization with a histone probe, and the proliferation index was determined using double labelling for Ki67 (Mib1). Compared to the corresponding phase of the physiological cycle, sequential HRT-treated endometrium exhibited a 95% increase in CD45(+) cells (P < 0.05), a 130% increase in CD56(+) cells (P < 0.05), and a 113% increase in CD3 cells. There was a non-statistically significant drop in the number of CD68(+) cells. The number of proliferating leukocytes increased in sequential HRT endometrium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Gynaecology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, Leicester University, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Habiba
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Al-Azzawi
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000032:analysis; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000032:analysis; D019002:CD56 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D002452:Cell Count / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D004717:Endometrium / Q000166:cytology*; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology; D000097382:CD68 Molecule
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015703:Antigens, CD; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D017252:CD3 Complex; D019002:CD56 Antigen; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens; C067980:CD68 antigen, human; D000097382:CD68 Molecule