title: The behavioral effects of sertraline, fluoxetine, and paroxetine differ on the differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate 72-second operant schedule in the rat.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent evidence indicates that specific serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are not a clinically or experimentally homogeneous class of drugs. Because the differential- reinforcement-of-low-rates 72-second (DRL 72-s) operant schedule has been extensively used as a screen for antidepressant effects of drugs, different SSRIs were compared on the task to further examine their behavioral effects.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  These experiments were designed with two main purposes in mind: first, to determine whether all three SSRIs tested would produce antidepressant-like effects on the DRL 72-s (as measured primarily by an increase in reinforcement rate) and, second, to identify differences between the drugs using peak-deviation analysis of inter-response times (IRTs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Different groups of rats were injected with one of three SSRIs: fluoxetine, sertraline, or paroxetine. Following drug administration, rats were tested on the DRL 72-s operant schedule.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All three SSRIs produced significant increases in reinforcement rate, but only sertraline and fluoxetine significantly decreased response rate. Additionally, paroxetine was observed to disrupt the pattern of responding as indicated by decreases in peak area (PkA). Sertraline and paroxetine, but not fluoxetine, produced increases in peak location (PkL).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that, although SSRIs are correctly identified as antidepressants by the DRL 72-s operant schedule, they may exert their effects in subtly different ways, as indicated by the differences observed to exist between the drugs. It appears unlikely that the behavioral effects of the SSRIs are attributable solely to 5-HT transporter binding. Instead, the differential behavioral effects may be the result of a combination of factors, including 5-HT transporter binding, 5-HT(1A) autoreceptor activation, and binding to other receptors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Chicago, 947E. 58th St., Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Sokolowski
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Seiden
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003216:Conditioning, Operant / Q000187:drug effects*; D004056:Differential Threshold / Q000187:drug effects; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D017374:Paroxetine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020280:Sertraline / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D005473:Fluoxetine; D017374:Paroxetine; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; D020280:Sertraline