title: Expression and subcellular localization of cyclin D1 protein in epithelial ovarian tumour cells.
abstract: The expression of cyclin D1 protein in tumour sections from 81 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer was analysed using immunohistochemistry. The tumours that overexpressed cyclin D1 in more than 10% of neoplastic cells were considered positive. Thus overexpression of cyclin D1 was observed in 72/81 (89%) of the cases examined. Protein was detected in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm in 24/81 (30%) and localized exclusively in the cytoplasm in 48/81 (59%) of the tumours. Cyclin D1 was overexpressed in both borderline and invasive tumours. There was no association between protein overexpression and tumour stage and differentiation. Furthermore, no correlation between cyclin D1 expression and clinical outcome was observed. However, in tumours overexpressing cyclin D1 (n = 72), the proportion displaying exclusively cytoplasmic localization of protein was higher in those with serous compared with non-serous histology (P = 0.004, odds ratio 4.8, 95% confidence interval 1.4-19.1). Western analysis using a monoclonal antibody to cyclin D1 identified a 36 kDa protein in homogenates from seven tumours displaying cytoplasmic only and one tumour demonstrating both nuclear and cytoplasmic immunostaining. Using restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction and PCR-multiplex analysis, amplification of the cyclin D1 gene (CCND1 was detected in 1/29 of the tumours demonstrating overexpression of cyclin D1 protein. We conclude that deregulation of CCND1 expression leading to both cytoplasmic and nuclear protein localization is a frequent event in ovarian cancer and occurs mainly in the absence of gene amplification.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cell and Molecular Medicine, University of Keele School of Postgraduate Medicine, North Staffordshire Hospital, Stoke-on-Trent, UK.
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Dhar
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Branigan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Parkes
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Howells
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hand
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Musgrove
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Strange
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Fryer
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Redman
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Hoban
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000737:chemistry*; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000737:chemistry*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D019938:Cyclin D1