How do small GTPase signal transduction pathways regulate cell cycle entry?
A variety of studies have shown that activation of the cell cycle machinery requires the participation of multiple signalling pathways. These pathways include Ras-dependent effectors such as the extracellular-signal related kinases, otherwise known as mitogen-activated protein kinases (ERKs, MAPKs), phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI3)-kinase and p21Ral pathways, as well as other signalling pathways regulated by the small GTPases p21Rho, p21Rac and p21Cdc42.
Marshall
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Chester Beatty Laboratories, Cancer Research Campaign Centre for Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK. chrism@icr.ac.uk.
D002453:Cell Cycle; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002460:Cell Line; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000378:metabolism; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases / Q000502:physiology*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D019938:Cyclin D1; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases