title: An 18oxygen inhalation method for determination of total body formation of nitric oxide in humans.
abstract: The formation of nitric oxide (NO) and the subsequent conversion of the NO formed into nitrate require molecular oxygen. Based on this fact, we have recently developed a method using inhalation of the stable oxygen isotope, i.e. 18O2, to determine total formation of NO in small laboratory animals. The method has now been further developed to be applicable also in humans. Five healthy awake male subjects inhaled a gas mixture of unlabelled and 18-labelled oxygen (approximate ratio 4:1) in nitrogen from a closed breathing system equipped with eliminators for carbon dioxide and water vapour. The ratio of unlabelled to 18-labelled oxygen, as well as the total oxygen concentration during the inhalation, were monitored. Venous blood samples were taken before and after the inhalation for analysis of unlabelled and 18O-labelled nitrate by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The procedure was repeated with the same protocol on a later occasion, during ongoing treatment with the NO synthesis inhibitor NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA). The average nitrate level in plasma in the absence of L-NMMA was 26 micromol l-1. The rate of total synthesis of NO was estimated to be 0.38 +/- 0.06 mu mol kg-1 h-1, corresponding to a total body formation of 600-700 mu mol/24 h in an adult male. Infusion of L-NMMA caused an increase in mean arterial blood pressure from 86 +/- 4 to 99 +/- 5 mmHg (P<0.05). The average plasma level of nitrate during infusion of L-NMMA was 24 mu mol l-1. NO formation during infusion of L-NMMA was 0.17 +/- 0.03 mu mol kg-1 h-1, i.e. significantly (P<0.05) lower than in the absence of L-NMMA. We suggest that the described method allows direct determination of total NO formation in man. The method may be useful in the study of various experimental and pathophysiological conditions affecting NO formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sakinis
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jungersten
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wennmalm
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009566:Nitrates / Q000097:blood; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010100:Oxygen; D010103:Oxygen Isotopes; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009566:Nitrates; D010103:Oxygen Isotopes; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D010100:Oxygen