title: Larger and more invasive colorectal carcinoma contains larger amounts of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 and its relative ratio over urokinase receptor correlates well with tumor size.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Considering recent findings that both urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) and plasminogen activator inhibitors (PAIs) are involved in tumor growth through an urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) activity-independent mechanism, the relation between the presence of these factors in tumor tissue and the clinicopathologic variables in colorectal carcinoma was reevaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 100 colorectal carcinoma patients, antigen levels of u-PA, uPAR, and PAI-1 and PAI-2 were assayed in both tumor tissues and their normal counterparts. Plasma levels of soluble uPAR also were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All uPAR, uPA, PAI-1, and PAI-2 antigen levels in tumor tissue were significantly higher than those in normal tissue. Levels of both uPAR and PAI-1 were significantly higher (3.09 +/- 1.37 and 6.63 +/- 7.49, respectively) in large tumors (>/=50 mm in greatest dimension) than those in smaller tumors (< 50 mm) (2.50 +/- 1.07 and 2.72 +/- 2.70, respectively) (P < 0.05). Significant positive correlation coefficients (r) were obtained between tumor size and the calculated ratios of PAI-1/uPAR (r = 0.490; P < 0.0001) and PAI-1/uPA (r = 0. 469; P < 0.0001). In addition to liver metastases (P = 0.004) and lymph node involvement (P = 0.04), high levels of uPAR (P = 0.05) also were found to be of independent prognostic value by multivariate analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher expression of uPAR was related to poor prognosis of patients with colorectal carcinoma and excess amounts of PAI-1 over uPAR or uPAR-bound uPA appeared to play an important role in tumor progression.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Urano
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Konno
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Erhan
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nishino
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takada
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D017396:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C524898:PLAUR protein, human; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D017396:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 2; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator