Exercise suppresses macrophage antigen presentation.
This study determined the effects of exercise on the ability of macrophages (Mphi) to present antigen to T cells. Pathogen-free male Balb/c mice (8 +/- 2 wk of age) were randomly assigned to either home cage control, moderate exercise (Mod; 18 m/min, 5% grade, 0.5 h/day), exhaustive exercise (Exh, 18-30 m/min, 3 h/day), or treadmill control groups. The mice underwent treatments for 4 days during peritoneal thioglycolate inflammation. Peritoneal Mphi were harvested, purified, and incubated with chicken ovalbumin (C-OVA; 0-10 mg/ml) for 18 h. Mphi were then cocultured with C-OVA-specific T cells for 48 h, and the supernatants were analyzed via ELISA for interleukin-2 as an indication of Mphi antigen presentation (AP). Exh exhibited suppressed ( approximately 25-34%) Mphi AP across a wide range of C-OVA doses when measured immediately, 3, and 24 h postexercise. In contrast, Mod had reduced Mphi AP only at 3 h postexercise. Mphi AP was also lower in the treadmill control (4-27%) compared with the home cage control group, but was significantly higher than Exh. The reduction in Mphi AP was not due to exercise-induced differences in Mphi number, percentage, or expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, B7-2, or major histocompatability complex II, molecules important in AP. In conclusion, our data lend evidence that may help explain the increased incidence of infection observed after prolonged exhaustive exercise or overtraining.
Ceddia
M A
MA
Physical Fitness Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
Woods
J A
JA
D000818:Animals; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D002452:Cell Count; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000378:metabolism; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*
D015703:Antigens, CD; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; C497965:Cd86 protein, mouse; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1