title: The effect of various hormonal preparations and calcium supplementation on bone mass in early menopause. Is there a predictive value for the initial bone density and body weight?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effect of various oestrogen and oestrogen/progestin preparations on bone density over a 2-year follow-up period in early postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study on 315 women followed in a menopause clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Antero-posterior lumbar spine bone densitometry was performed at baseline and between 18 and 24 months (mean 22 months) after initiation of hormone therapy. Participants were divided into six groups: women taking conjugated equine oestrogen (CEE) (n = 30); CEE plus sequential monthly medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) (n = 52); CEE plus sequential bimonthly MPA (n = 51); oral estradiol plus sequential monthly norethisterone acetate (n = 52); transdermal estradiol plus sequential monthly MPA (n = 30). A control group (n = 100) was composed of nonusers of hormones.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hormone users, as a whole (n = 215), increased their bone mineral density (BMD) by 2.9% (4.8) as compared to the controls who lost 3.5% (3.4; P < 0. 001). There were similar gains in BMD amongst the five study groups. Calcium supplementation was associated with better results in all women: users of hormones and calcium had a gain in BMD of 4.5% (4.8) compared to only 1.5% (4.5) in those on hormones but without calcium (P < 0.001); amongst the controls, women using calcium lost 1.4% (2. 4), whilst nonusers of calcium lost 3.7% (2.4; P < 0.001). A dose-response curve was found between basal BMD and the effect of hormone therapy: women with osteoporosis (T-score <75%) demonstrated the largest increase in BMD - 6.3% (4.6), osteopenia (T-score 75-85%) was associated with a gain of 3.2% (5.6), low-borderline values (T-score 86-100%) gave a modest increase of 1.3% (4.3), and those with more than average BMD values (T-score >100%) actually lost bone despite hormone treatment [-2.1% (4.1)].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All hormone regimens had a similar bone conserving effect. Basal BMD value may serve as a predictor for the success of treatment. Calcium supplementation should be recommended in all postmenopausal women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine T, Ichilov Hospital, Tel-Aviv, Israel. apines@netvision.net.il
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pines
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Katchman
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Villa
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mijatovic
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dotan
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Levo
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ayalon
mesh_terms: D001835:Body Weight; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D002118:Calcium / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D002118:Calcium