title: Significance of three-field lymphadenectomy for carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus based on depth of tumor infiltration, lymph nodal involvement and survival rate.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Significance of three-field lymhpadenectomy for carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus was examined retrospectively based on depth of tumor infiltration, lymph nodal involvements and long-term survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and fifty-two consecutive patients who underwent curative esophagectomy for thoracic carcinoma invading to submucosa (pT1) or deeper layers of the esophageal wall from 1983 to 1996 were examined. Sixty-six patients underwent three-field lymphadenectomy (3F) and 86 underwent two-field lymphadenectomy (2F). Survival curves were compared between 3F and 2F after stratifications according to depth of tumor infiltration, the number of positive nodes (0, 1 to 4, 5 or more), and positive intrathoracic recurrent nerve-chain nodes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall 5-year survival rate for 3F was 43.8%, while it was 30.2% for 2F (p = 0.07). In 41 patients with pT1 cancers, the 5-year survival rate for 3F was 55.7%, while it was 41.4% for 2F (p = NS). In patients with cancers invading to muscularis propria (pT2), the 5-year survival rate for 3F was 49.4%, while it was 30.7% for 2F (p = 0.06). In patients with tumors invading to adventitia, there was no significant difference. In patients with one to four positive nodes, the 5-year survival rates for 3F was 50.1%, while it was 24.1% for 2F (p = 0.01). There was no significant difference in the subgroups with no positive nodes and five or more. In subgroups with positive recurrent nerve-chain nodes, the 5-year survival rate for 3F was 27.9%, while it was 0% for 2F (p = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significance of three-field lymphadenectomy was found in patients with one to four positive nodes or positive intrathoracic recurrent nerve-chain nodes.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Surgery, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto City, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tabira
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kitamura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshioka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Toyota
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mori
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D000368:Aged; D018196:Carcinoma, Adenosquamous / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016629:Esophagectomy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000379:methods*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012009:Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome