title: Spontaneous neutrophil apoptosis involves caspase 3-mediated activation of protein kinase C-delta.
abstract: Neutrophils are short-lived leukocytes that die by apoptosis. Whereas stress-induced apoptosis is mediated by the p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway (Frasch, S. C., Nick, J. A., Fadok, V. A., Bratton, D. L., Worthen, G. S., and Henson, P. M. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 8389-8397), signals regulating spontaneous neutrophil apoptosis have not been fully determined. In this study we found increased activation of protein kinase C (PKC)-beta and -delta in neutrophils undergoing spontaneous apoptosis, but we show that only activation of PKC-delta was directly involved in the induction of apoptosis. PKC-delta can be proteolytically activated by caspase 3. We detected the 40-kDa caspase-generated fragment of PKC-delta in apoptotic neutrophils and showed that the caspase 3 inhibitor Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-fluoromethylketone prevented generation of the 40-kDa PKC-delta fragment and delayed neutrophil apoptosis. In a cell-free system, removal of PKC-delta by immunoprecipitation reduced DNA fragmentation, whereas loss of PKC-alpha, -beta, or -zeta had no significant effect. Rottlerin and LY379196 inhibit PKC-delta and PKC-beta, respectively. Only Rottlerin was able to delay neutrophil apoptosis. Inhibitors of MAP-ERK kinase 1 (PD98059) or p38 MAP kinase (SB202190) had no effect on neutrophil apoptosis, and activation of p42/44 and p38 MAP kinase did not increase in apoptotic neutrophils. We conclude that spontaneous neutrophil apoptosis involves activation of PKC-delta but is MAP kinase-independent.
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Centre for Immune Regulation, Division of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pongracz
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Deacon
authors.forename: O J
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Lunn
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lord
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000502:physiology*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000201:enzymology; D002474:Cell-Free System; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000502:physiology*; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000502:physiology; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000502:physiology*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases