title: The mechanism of the alkaline phosphatase reaction: insights from NMR, crystallography and site-specific mutagenesis.
abstract: The proposed double in-line displacement mechanism of Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase (AP) involving two-metal ion catalysis is based on NMR spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic studies. This mechanism is further supported by the X-ray crystal structures of the covalent phospho-enzyme intermediate of the H331Q mutant AP and of the transition state complex between the wild-type enzyme and vanadate, a transition state analog. Kinetic and structural studies on several genetically engineered versions of AP illustrate the overall importance of the active site's metal geometry, hydrogen bonding network and electrostatic potential in the catalytic mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Holtz
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Kantrowitz
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000201:enzymology*; D007700:Kinetics; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008670:Metals / Q000378:metabolism; D008958:Models, Molecular; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
chemical_list: D008670:Metals; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase