title: [Complications of cochlear implant surgery in children and adults].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In a retrospective analysis we evaluated the complication rate in 697 patients after cochlear implantation between 1985 and 1995 (366 children, 331 adults; 604 Nucleus, 50 Clarion and 42 other implants).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intraoperatively in 74 cases (10.6%) total or partial cochlear obliteration was found, a CSF gusher occurred in 7 cases. Minor complications such as seroma (8 adults), wound infections (14 patients), emphysema, and swelling were successfully treated with conservative methods and drugs. Seven (2.1%) adults showed facial nerve palsy postoperatively with incomplete recovery only in 2 of them (0.6%). No permanent facial nerve palsy was observed in children. Cholesteatoma developed in 18 adults (5.4%), which was treated by revision surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, cochlear implant surgery is a safe procedure with a low complication rate. However, Cochlear implantation should be performed by well experienced ear surgeons who can properly handle intraoperative and postoperative problems. The patients should be informed about the typical risks of ear surgery including implant removal due to infection or technical defects, facial nerve palsy, vertigo and, especially in adults, increased tinnitus.
authors.affiliation: HNO-Klinik der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover.
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Kempf
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tempel
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Johann
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lenarz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019929:Cochlear Implantation; D003638:Deafness / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D020878:Device Removal; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
vernacular_title: Komplikationen der Cochlear Implant-Chirurgie bei Kindern und Erwachsenen.