title: Association of maternal short stature with stunting in Mexican children: common genes vs common environment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the association between stunting in children and maternal short stature, controlling for potential environmental confounders.
  
  
  METHODS
  1988 Mexico National Nutrition Survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mexico
  
  
  METHODS
  The final sample size was 4663 pairs of children (<5 y) and their mothers (12-49 y) from a total of 13 236 surveyed houses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Stunting (height-for-age Z-scores <-2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of stunting in children was 19%, and 10% of the mothers exhibited short stature (<145 cm). In the crude analysis, mothers with short stature were significantly more likely to have stunted children (odds ratio (OR)=4.0; 95% confidence interval (CI)=3.2-4.8; P-value <0.001). In a multiple logistic regression model the OR for child stunting was reduced, but remained significant OR=2.0; 95% CI=1.6-2.6; P-value <0.001) after adjustment for region, urban/rural residence, socio-economic status, household size, child age and presence of infection in the past 14 d, and maternal age, body mass index (BMI), and educational level. Adjusted ORs varied between regions (Mexico City, OR=3.9; North Mexico, OR=3. 1; Central Mexico, OR=2.0; South Mexico, OR=1.6. Comparison of crude vs adjusted estimates pointed to regional differences in the proportion of association between maternal and child short statures explained by environmental determinants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maternal stature, reflecting her potential height and early environment, appeared to contribute to child height independently of the shared risk factors that could affect stature. Nonetheless, we could explain much of the association between stunting in children and maternal short stature by environmental factors, and part of the residual variability may be due to unmeasured determinants. Regional differences pointed to a predominance of environmental factors in explaining child stunting in poorer regions.
authors.affiliation: Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hernández-Díaz
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dixit
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parra
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barquera
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sepúlveda
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rivera
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001827:Body Height / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004522:Educational Status; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D008875:Middle Aged; D009035:Mothers; D012424:Rural Population; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014505:Urban Population