title: Evaluating hypertension control in a managed care setting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We conducted a retrospective cohort study on a random sample of adult patients with hypertension in a large health maintenance organization to assess the feasibility of documenting blood pressure (BP) control and to compare different measures for defining BP control.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three criteria for BP control were assessed: systolic BP less than 140 mm Hg; diastolic BP less than 90 mm Hg; and combined BP control, with systolic BP less than 140 mm Hg and diastolic BP less than 90 mm Hg. Four methods of assessing hypertension control by the above criteria were examined: proportion of patients with BP under control at 75% and 50% or more of their office visits; the mean of all pressures during the study period; and the BP from the last visit during the study period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proportion of patients meeting each criterion for control was similar whether we used the mean BP for all visits, the last recorded BP, or control at 50% or more of visits. Control rates were substantially lower when the more stringent assessment, 75% of visits, was used. The proportion of patients with combined BP control at 75% or more of their visits was half that of the other methods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this health maintenance organization population, results with the use of the simplest approach, the last BP measurement recorded, were similar to results with the mean BP. Our findings indicate that evaluation of BP control in a large health maintenance organization will find substantial room for improvement, and clinicians should be encouraged to be more aggressive in their management of hypertension, especially with regard to the systolic BP, which until recent years has been underemphasized.
authors.affiliation: Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, Northern California Region, Oakland 94611-5714, USA. mxa@dor.kaiser.org
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tekawa
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hunkeler
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fireman
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rowell
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Selby
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Massie
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cooper
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006279:Health Maintenance Organizations / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011897:Random Allocation; D012189:Retrospective Studies