title: Tension pneumocranium, a rare complication of transsphenoidal pituitary surgery: Mayo Clinic experience 1976-1998.
abstract: We describe four cases of symptomatic pneumocranium, a rare, potentially life-threatening complication of transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. Symptomatic pneumocranium manifested as impaired mental status, headaches, and grand mal seizures, early in the postoperative course after transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. Furthermore, a Cushing response, including systemic hypertension and bradycardia (secondary to intracranial hypertension) was seen, which has not been previously described in association with symptomatic pneumocranium. We describe a previously unreported risk factor for tension pneumocranium, untreated obstructive sleep apnea. Other factors predisposing to tension pneumocranium in our patients included: cerebrospinal fluid leaks, postoperative positive-pressure mask ventilation, large pituitary tumors, and intraoperative lumbar drainage catheters. Surgical drainage of the pneumocranium and repair of any coexistent cerebrospinal fluid leak markedly improved neurologic status. Symptomatic pneumocranium occurring early in the postoperative course after transsphenoidal pituitary surgery is rare, but prompt recognition and treatment of this condition can be life-saving.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Sawka
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Aniszewski
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Nippoldt
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yanez
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ebersold
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003397:Craniopharyngioma / Q000601:surgery; D003480:Cushing Syndrome / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000601:surgery*; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D011007:Pneumocephalus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed