Effect of "group spell" upon Shotokan black-belt performance of Heian kata.
11 experienced black-belt subjects were individually timed on each of the five Heian kata and then timed again when performing as part of a group. The pull of the group had a significant effect upon timing on two of the kata.
Layton
C
C
Department of Psychology, University of London, Denmark Hill, England.
Moran
P
P
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