title: Efficacy of recombinant human erythropoietin in the critically ill patient: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the administration of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) to critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) would reduce the number of red blood cell (RBC) transfusions required.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  ICUs at three academic tertiary care medical centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 160 patients who were admitted to the ICU and met the eligibility criteria were enrolled in the study (80 into the rHuEPO group; 80 into the placebo group).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomized to receive either rHuEPO or placebo. The study drug (300 units/kg of rHuEPO or placebo) was administered by subcutaneous injection beginning ICU day 3 and continuing daily for a total of 5 days (until ICU day 7). The subsequent dosing schedule was every other day to achieve a hematocrit (Hct) concentration of >38%. The study drug was given for a minimum of 2 wks or until ICU discharge (for subjects with ICU lengths of stay >2 wks) up to a total of 6 wks (42 days) postrandomization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cumulative number of units of RBCs transfused was significantly less in the rHuEPO group than in the placebo group (p<.002, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test). The rHuEPO group was transfused with a total of 166 units of RBCs vs. 305 units of RBCs transfused in the placebo group. The final Hct concentration of the rHuEPO patients was significantly greater than the final Hct concentration of placebo patients (35.1+/-5.6 vs. 31.6+/-4.1; p<.01, respectively). A total of 45% of patients in the rHuEPO group received a blood transfusion between days 8 and 42 or died before study day 42 compared with 55% of patients in the placebo group (relative risk, 0.8; 95% confidence interval, 0.6, 1.1). There were no significant differences between the two groups either in mortality or in the frequency of adverse events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The administration of rHuEPO to critically ill patients is effective in raising their Hct concentrations and in reducing the total number of units of RBCs they require.
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA.
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Corwin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gettinger
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Pearl
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Gubler
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Enny
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Colton
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Corwin
mesh_terms: D016638:Critical Illness / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D017707:Erythrocyte Transfusion; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006400:Hematocrit; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D004921:Erythropoietin