Neuronal responses in cat primary auditory cortex to electrical cochlear stimulation. III. Activation patterns in short- and long-term deafness.
The effects of auditory deprivation on the spatial distribution of cortical response thresholds to electrical stimulation of the adult cat cochlea were evaluated. Threshold distributions for single- and multiple-unit responses from the middle cortical layers were obtained on the ectosylvian gyrus in three groups of animals: adult, acutely implanted animals ("acute group"); adult animals, 2 wk after deafening and implantation ("short-term group"); adult, neonatally deafened animals ("long-term group") implanted after 2-5 years of deafness. For all three groups, we observed similar patterns of circumscribed regions of low response thresholds in the region of primary auditory cortex (AI). A dorsal and a ventral region of low response thresholds were found separated by a narrow, anterior-posterior strip of elevated thresholds. The two low-threshold regions in the acute and the short-term group were arranged cochleotopically. This was reflected in a systematic shift of the cortical locations with minimum thresholds as a function of cochlear position of the radial and monopolar stimulation electrodes. By contrast, the long-term deafened animals maintained only weak or no signs of cochleotopicity. In some cases of this group, significant deviations from a simple tri-partition of the dorsoventral axis of AI was observed. Analysis of the spatial extent of the low-threshold regions revealed that the activated area in acute cases was significantly smaller than the long- and the short-term cases for both dorsal and ventral AI. There were no significant differences in the rostrocaudal extent of activation between long- and short-term deafening, although the total activated area in the short-term cases was larger than in long-term deafened animals. The width of the narrow high-threshold ridge that separated the dorsal and ventral low-threshold regions was the widest for the acute cases and the narrowest for the short-term deafened animals. The findings of relative large differences in cortical response distributions between the acute and short-term animals suggests that the effects observed in long-term deafened animals are not solely a consequence of loss of peripheral innervation density. The effects may reflect electrode-specific effects or reorganizational changes based on factors such as differences in excitatory and inhibitory balance.
Raggio
M W
MW
Epstein Laboratory, Coleman Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0732, California, USA.
Schreiner
C E
CE
D000818:Animals; D001303:Auditory Cortex / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D001309:Auditory Threshold / Q000502:physiology; D002415:Cats; D003051:Cochlea / Q000502:physiology*; D003638:Deafness / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors