title: Does jejunal feeding activate exocrine pancreatic secretion?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The upper small bowel is of pivotal importance for the stimulation of exocrine pancreatic secretion in response to a meal. We hypothesize that more distal delivery of nutrients into the small intestine will result in less activation of pancreatic secretion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight healthy subjects (3 male, 5 female; age 23 +/- 1 years) participated in two experiments, performed in random order. Subjects were intubated with a 4-lumen tube. Duodenal outputs of pancreatic enzymes and bilirubin were measured by aspiration using a recovery marker. The distal opening was used for continuous administration of a mixed liquid meal and located at either the ligament of Treitz or 60 cm further distally. Gallbladder volume was measured and blood samples were drawn for determination of gastrointestinal hormones. The duration of each experiment was 4 h; with 1 h fasting and 3 h continuous administration of nutrients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During proximal jejunal feeding, pancreatic enzyme output increased significantly over basal levels. No significant increase over basal levels was observed during distal jejunal feeding. Bilirubin output and gallbladder contraction were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced during distal compared to proximal jejunal feeding. No significant differences were found in plasma levels of CCK, PYY and neurotensin between proximal and distal jejunal feeding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Continuous feeding in the distal jejunum does not stimulate exocrine pancreatic secretion but maintains gallbladder contraction, although to a lesser extent. These effects are not related to hormonal changes but probably reduced activation of the enteropancreatic reflexes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Vu
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: van der Veek
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frölich
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Souverijn
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Biemond
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Lamers
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Masclee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001659:Biliary Tract / Q000378:metabolism; D002766:Cholecystokinin / Q000097:blood; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D005260:Female; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007583:Jejunum / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009496:Neurotensin / Q000097:blood; D010179:Pancreas / Q000378:metabolism*; D010191:Pancreatic Polypeptide / Q000097:blood; D019894:Peptide YY / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D019894:Peptide YY; D009496:Neurotensin; D010191:Pancreatic Polypeptide; D002766:Cholecystokinin