title: The WHO simplified study protocol in practice: investigation of combined formulations supplied by the WHO.
abstract: METHODS
  The benefits of fixed-dose combination (FDC) formulations of rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide over individual formulations are well recognised.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the comparative bioavailability of antituberculosis drugs in FDC formulations and the same doses in separate formulations of antituberculosis drugs, using a simplified protocol developed by the World Health Organization (WHO).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty healthy volunteers were included in the study and evaluated for bioequivalence of rifampicin in a cross-over experimental design. After administration of drugs the plasma concentration of rifampicin and desacetyl-rifampicin was measured repeatedly up to 8 hours in both plasma and urine. Various pharmacokinetic parameters of rifampicin, such as Cmax, Tmax, elimination rate constant, area under the curve (AUC) up to 8 hours and absorption efficiency were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences were observed between the FDCs and separate formulations when Cmax, Tmax, AUC and absorption efficiencies were compared by parametric test and Hauschke's analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The WHO simplified protocol is suitable for evaluating bioequivalence of antituberculosis drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Punjab, India. panchagnula@yahoo.com
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Panchagnula
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Kaul
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000904:Antibiotics, Antitubercular / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000652:urine; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001682:Biological Availability; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012293:Rifampin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D013810:Therapeutic Equivalency; D014944:World Health Organization
chemical_list: D000904:Antibiotics, Antitubercular; D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D003404:Creatinine; C032393:25-deacetylrifampicin; D012293:Rifampin