title: Building barriers to HIV.
abstract: The AIDS epidemic has an increasingly female face, and the need for women to use effective contraceptive and infection prevention methods has taken on a new urgency. Consistent, proper condom use is the most effective method of preventing sexually transmitted disease. Research shows that condom breakage most commonly results from latex deterioration or incorrect use. Spermicidal cream or gel containing nonoxynol 9 is effective in preventing sexually transmitted diseases that cause genital ulcers and cervicitis. Spermicides cause genital tract irritation in some people, however, increasing their risk of STD infection. Diaphragms can protect against pregnancy, but since the devices only protect the cervix and a small area of the vagina, HIV or STD transmission may still occur. Oral contraceptives do not protect against STDs, nor do injectable and implantable contraceptives.
authors.affiliation: University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Silverstein-Currier
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sanchez-Keeland
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017280:Condoms; D003267:Contraception / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D017053:Infection Control / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D016387:Women's Health