title: Methadone treatment during pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the literature on methadone use by pregnant women.
  
  
  METHODS
  A search was conducted on CINAHL, MEDLINE, and PSYCHINFO under "pregnancy" and "methadone."
  
  
  METHODS
  Articles published between 1988-1998 were reviewed and chosen based upon relevance to the objective.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were extracted and organized under the following headings: effects of methadone on pregnancy outcome, management of the pregnant woman on methadone, and implications of social and political policies for pregnant women who use opiates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Methadone treatment is most effective for pregnant women who receive care in a comprehensive service center. Few systematic investigations exist concerning methadone maintenance during pregnancy, thus no formal guidelines for management exist. Changes in federal policies for drug treatment and welfare regulations will challenge health care professionals who provide treatment for opiate-dependent pregnant women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with methadone is the standard of care for the opiate-using pregnant woman, despite findings challenging its benefits and efficacy in women who continue to use illicit drugs.
authors.affiliation: Planned Parenthood SEPA, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008691:Methadone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009357:Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011640:Public Policy; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D008691:Methadone