title: Gastric juice ascorbic acid is related to Helicobacter pylori infection but not ethnicity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Maori and Pacific Island ethnic groups in New Zealand have a high risk for gastric cancer. Low levels of gastric juice ascorbic acid (vitamin C) have been suggested to be a risk factor for gastric cancer. Previous studies have shown that gastric juice ascorbic acid may be independently associated with both ethnicity and Helicobacter pylori infection. This study aimed to examine the interrelationship between H. pylori and ethnicity in New Zealand.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gastric juice was collected into 70% perchloric acid preservative and stored at -80 degrees C. Ascorbic acid was analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography using ion-pair chromatography and electrochemical detection. Inflammation and atrophy was graded from biopsies from multiple sites in the antrum and body. Gastric juice was collected from 89 patients during routine endoscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a wide range of measured gastric juice ascorbic acid from 0.001 to 410 microg/mL. The median concentration of ascorbic acid for H. pylori-negative patients was 1.78 microg/mL (n = 57) and 0.12 microg/mL (n = 32) for H. pylori-positive patients (P = 0.001). Gastric juice ascorbic acid concentration was not associated with age, endoscopic diagnosis or intestinal metaplasia, but was significantly associated with the degree of acute inflammation (P = 0.01) and the presence of atrophy (P = 0.04). The median ascorbic acid concentration for European patients was 0.92 microg/mL (n = 44) and 0.09 microg/mL (n = 38) for Maori and Pacific Island ethnic groups combined (P = 0.1). Multiple step-wise regression analysis showed that only H. pylori infection was a significant factor for predicting ascorbic acid concentrations (r2 = 0.12).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study has confirmed that gastric juice ascorbic acid concentration is lower in the presence of H. pylori infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand. a.fraser@auckland.ac.nz
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Woollard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D001206:Ascorbic Acid Deficiency / Q000208:ethnology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001706:Biopsy; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005260:Female; D005750:Gastric Juice / Q000502:physiology*; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000473:pathology; D005756:Gastritis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000208:ethnology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009520:New Zealand; D012307:Risk Factors; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D001205:Ascorbic Acid