title: Rostral and orbital prefrontal cortex dysfunction in the manic state of bipolar disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated prefrontal cortex function in the manic state of bipolar disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  High-sensitivity [15O]H2O positron emission tomography and a word generation activation paradigm were used to study regional cerebral blood flow in five manic and six euthymic individuals with bipolar disorder and in five healthy individuals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Decreased right rostral and orbital prefrontal cortex activation during word generation and decreased orbitofrontal activity during rest were associated with mania.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data support the presence of rostral and orbital prefrontal dysfunction in primary mania. These findings, when seen in the context of the human brain lesion and the behavioral neuroanatomic literatures, may help to explain some of the neurobehavioral abnormalities characteristic of the manic state.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, New York, USA.
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Blumberg
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ricketts
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Asis
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Epstein
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Isenberg
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: McBride
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kemperman
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Emmerich
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dhawan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Eidelberg
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kocsis
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Silbersweig
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010104:Oxygen Radioisotopes; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D010104:Oxygen Radioisotopes; D014867:Water