title: Seasonal variations in coronary heart disease.
abstract: Coronary heart disease exhibits a winter peak and summer trough in incidence and mortality, in countries both north and south of the equator. In England and Wales, the winter peak accounts for an additional 20,000 deaths per annum. It is likely that this reflects seasonal variations in risk factors. Seasonal variations have been demonstrated in a number of lifestyle risk factors such a physical activity and diet. However, a number of studies have also suggested a direct effect of environmental temperature on physiological and rheological factors. We review the available evidence on seasonal variations in coronary heart disease and possible explanations for them.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Medicine, Greater Glasgow Health Board, and Department of Medical Cardiology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK. jill/pell@glasgow-hb.scot.nhs.uk
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Pell
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Cobbe
mesh_terms: D003081:Cold Climate / Q000009:adverse effects; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007239:Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D008019:Life Style; D012307:Risk Factors; D012621:Seasons; D014852:Wales / Q000453:epidemiology