title: A randomized trial of cyclosporine in patients with steroid-resistant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. North America Nephrotic Syndrome Study Group.
abstract: A randomized trial of cyclosporine in patients with steroid-resistant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  A clinical trial of cyclosporine in patients with steroid-resistant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) was conducted. Despite the fact that it is the most common primary glomerulonephritis to progress to renal failure, treatment trials have been very limited.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a randomized controlled trial in 49 cases of steroid-resistant FSGS comparing 26 weeks of cyclosporine treatment plus low-dose prednisone to placebo plus prednisone. All patients were followed for an average of 200 weeks, and the short- and long-term effects on renal function were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy percent of the treatment group versus 4% of the placebo group (P < 0. 001) had a partial or complete remission of their proteinuria by 26 weeks. Relapse occurred in 40% of the remitters by 52 weeks and 60% by week 78, but the remainder stayed in remission to the end of the observation period. Renal function was better preserved in the cyclosporine group. There was a decrease of 50% in baseline creatinine clearance in 25% of the treated group compared with 52% of controls (P < 0.05). This was a reduction in risk of 70% (95% CI, 9 to 93) independent of other baseline demographic and laboratory variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that cyclosporine is an effective therapeutic agent in the treatment of steroid-resistant cases of FSGS. Although a high relapse rate does occur, a long-term decrease in proteinuria and preservation of filtration function were observed in a significant proportion of treated patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. daniel.cattran@uhn.on.ca
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Cattran
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Appel
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Hebert
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Hunsicker
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pohl
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Hoy
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Maxwell
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Kunis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001706:Biopsy; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000633:toxicity; D004351:Drug Resistance; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005923:Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000633:toxicity; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D012074:Remission Induction; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D011239:Prednisolone