title: Mechanisms and regulation of the degradation of cyclin B.
abstract: The degradation of the cyclin B subunit of protein kinase Cdk1/cyclin B is required for inactivation of the kinase and exit from mitosis. Cyclin B is degraded by the ubiquitin pathway, a system involved in most selective protein degradation in eukaryotic cells. In this pathway, proteins are targeted for degradation by ligation to ubiquitin, a process carried out by the sequential action of three enzymes: the ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1, a ubiquitin-carrier protein E2 and a ubiquitin-protein ligase E3. In the system responsible for cyclin B degradation, the E3-like function is carried out by a large complex called cyclosome or anaphase-promoting complex (APC). In the early embryonic cell cycles, the cyclosome is inactive in the interphase, but becomes active at the end of mitosis. Activation requires phosphorylation of the cyclosome/APC by protein kinase Cdk1/cyclin B. The lag kinetics of cyclosome activation may be explained by Suc1-assisted multiple phosphorylations of partly phosphorylated complex. The presence of a Fizzy/Cdc20-like protein is necessary for maximal activity of the mitotic form of cyclosome/APC in cyclin-ubiquitin ligation.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Biochemistry, B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute for Technology, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hershko
mesh_terms: D064173:Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome; D000818:Animals; D002453:Cell Cycle; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019926:Cyclin B / Q000378:metabolism*; D004330:Drosophila; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D008025:Ligases / Q000378:metabolism*; D043743:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D014981:Xenopus
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; C503698:CycB protein, Drosophila; D019926:Cyclin B; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D043743:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes; D064173:Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D008025:Ligases