title: Adjuvant therapy for gastric carcinoma: closing out the century.
abstract: Gastric cancer is often advanced and unresectable at diagnosis. Even when a curative resection is possible, the 5-year survival rate for patients with T2 or higher tumors is less than 50%. Survival rates are even lower if lymph node metastases are present at surgery. Many phase III trials of adjuvant therapy have been conducted around the world during the past 4 decades, but their interpretation varies in the East and West. In the West, postoperative treatment modalities have not proven to be superior to postsurgical observation alone. Thus, at present, the routine use of postoperative therapy should be discouraged. In the Orient, however, routine use of postoperative chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy is common after a surgical procedure. Further investigations that correlate treatment response with molecular markers are needed. Improved clinical trial designs, including better preoperative staging, standardized surgical techniques, inclusion of adequate numbers of patients, and the continued use of a surgery-alone control group, are essential. In addition, the incorporation of newer active agents, radiotherapy, and new strategies, such as preoperative therapy and selection of patients based on tumor biology, would result in much-needed advances. Less toxic approaches with novel mechanisms of action, such as antiangiogenesis therapy, tumor vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors, also hold promise.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medicine, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ajani
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D006801:Humans; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents