title: Amplification of signaling activity of the arc two-component system of Escherichia coli by anaerobic metabolites. An in vitro study with different protein modules.
abstract: In Escherichia coli, changes in redox condition of growth are sensed and signaled by the Arc two-component system. This system consists of ArcB as the membrane-associated sensor kinase and ArcA as the cytoplasmic response regulator. ArcB is a tripartite kinase, possessing a primary transmitter, a receiver, and a secondary transmitter domain that catalyzes the phosphorylation of ArcA via a His --> Asp --> His --> Asp phosphorelay, as well as the dephosphorylation of ArcA-P by a reverse phosphorelay. When ArcA and ArcB were incubated with ATP, the peak levels of phosphorylated proteins increased in the presence of the fermentation metabolites D-lactate, acetate, or pyruvate. In this study, we report that these effectors accelerate the autophosphorylation activity of ArcB and enhance the transphosphorylation of ArcA, but have no effect on the dephosphorylation of ArcA-P. Moreover, the presence of the receiver domain of ArcB is essential for the effectors to influence the autophosphorylation rate of the primary transmitter domain of ArcB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Georgellis
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000378:metabolism; D000693:Anaerobiosis; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000502:physiology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D005285:Fermentation; D006639:Histidine / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D007773:Lactates / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011494:Protein Kinases; D011773:Pyruvates / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D007773:Lactates; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011773:Pyruvates; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C041610:arcA protein, E coli; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D006639:Histidine; D011494:Protein Kinases; C065271:arcB protein, E coli; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases