title: Famciclovir treatment of chronic hepatitis B in heart transplant recipients: a prospective trial.
abstract: Hepatitis B may take a rapid and aggressive course in patients under immunosuppression. Nucleoside analogues have been shown to suppress viral replication effectively. To investigate the effect of famciclovir in immunosuppressed patients, 21 heart transplant recipients with chronic hepatitis B infection were included in a prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients have been treated with Famciclovir for a median of 14 months. Hepatitis B virus replication and biochemical parameters were regularly tested and liver biopsies were taken before treatment and after a median time of 7 months. HBV-polymerase was sequenced in all patients before therapy and in those patients who experienced virological breakthrough.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nineteen patients were treated for at least 6 months. Hepatitis B virus-DNA levels declined in all patients and became negative in 8 patients. Mean hepatitis B virus-DNA levels decreased from 199+/-269 to 34+/-53 pg/ml after 24 weeks (P=0.003). During treatment HBeAg became negative in five patients. Mean alanine aminotransferase decreased from 42+/-26 to 24+/-10 U/L (P=0.006). Histological analysis revealed improved inflammatory activity according to the Ishak-score in 11/16 (69%) patients. Total inflammatory activity scores decreased from 8 to 6 (median, NS), but interface hepatitis score (P=0.02) and lobular inflammation score (P=0.006) improved significantly. Median fibrosis scores fell from 5 to 3 (P=0.002). Three patients developed virological breakthrough on famciclovir after 7, 8, and 26 months of treatment showing HBV-polymerase amino acid changes L528 M, S567A, and I581K, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Famciclovir improves not only biochemical and virological features but also hepatic inflammation and liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B under heavy immunosuppression. Virological breakthrough may develop and requires close monitoring.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wedemeyer
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Böker
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pethig
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Petzold
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Flemming
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Tillmann
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vollmar
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bastürk
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Goldmann
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haverich
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Manns
mesh_terms: D015075:2-Aminopurine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D000077595:Famciclovir; D005260:Female; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000276:immunology; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D004279:DNA, Viral; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D011355:Prodrugs; D015075:2-Aminopurine; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D000077595:Famciclovir