title: Wrapping hydroxyapatite orbital implants with posterior auricular muscle complex grafts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the use of posterior auricular muscle complex grafts as a wrapping material for hydroxyapatite orbital implants in enucleation surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a retrospective multicenter study, autogenous posterior auricular muscle complex grafts were used to cover hydroxyapatite orbital implants in 83 patients with a mean age of 38.6 years (range, 1 to 85 years), of whom 63 had primary unilateral enucleation and 20 had secondary orbital implants following enucleation. The mean follow-up period after posterior auricular muscle complex grafts was 36 months (range, 14 to 60 months).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 83 patients, two (2.4%) developed limited orbital implant exposure, which was treated with a second posterior auricular muscle complex "patch graft." No patient developed postoperative orbital infection or implant extrusion. All patients were fitted with an acceptable prosthesis and had satisfactory cosmetic and functional results. No patient developed vascular compromise or a wound defect associated with the posterior auricular donor site.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Autogenous posterior auricular muscle complex grafts should be considered as an appropriate wrapping material for hydroxyapatite orbital implants for primary enucleation and for secondary orbital implants after enucleation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Naugle
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Haik
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Callahan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017886:Durapatite; D004423:Ear; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008488:Medical Illustration; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000637:transplantation*; D009915:Orbit / Q000601:surgery*; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D017886:Durapatite