title: Effect of intracerebral norepinephrine depletion on outcome from severe forebrain ischemia in the rat.
abstract: Manipulations of plasma catecholamine concentrations influence outcome from ischemic brain insults. It has been suggested that these effects are mediated by influences on brain catecholamine concentrations. This study examined whether major changes in brain norepinephrine concentrations can alter outcome from severe forebrain ischemia. Sprague-Dawley rats were administered 50 mg/kg i. p. N-(chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine (DSP-4) or were left untreated (control). One week later, these rats were subjected to either 7 or 8 min of normothermic forebrain ischemia (bilateral carotid occlusion and MABP=30 mmHg) and allowed to recover for 4 days. Histologic damage was then evaluated. In other control and DSP-4-treated animals, hippocampal microdialysate norepinephrine concentrations were measured before, during and after 8 min of forebrain ischemia. Norepinephrine concentrations were also determined in brain homogenates from non-ischemic DSP-treated and control rats. A 95% depletion of norepinephrine was observed in brain homogenates from non-ischemic DSP-4-treated rats compared with control. During ischemia, microdialysate norepinephrine concentrations increased in control but not in DSP-4-treated rats (P=0.002). For plasma, intra-ischemic epinephrine concentrations increased 8-10-fold and returned to baseline values post-ischemia with no differences between groups. Plasma norepinephrine values remained unchanged in both groups. Histologic damage resulting from either 7 or 8 min of ischemia in hippocampal structures, caudoputamen, and neocortex was similar between DSP-4-treated and control groups. This study could not identify any effect of major changes in brain norepinephrine concentrations on ischemic brain damage. These data indicate that peripheral catecholamine effects on near-complete forebrain ischemic outcome are unlikely to be mediated by effects on central catecholamine concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Nellgård
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Mackensen
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Pearlstein
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Warner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001596:Benzylamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D017551:Microdialysis; D014179:Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood*; D016548:Prosencephalon / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D001596:Benzylamines; D014179:Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; C012102:DSP 4; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine