title: Markers of thrombin and platelet activity in patients with atrial fibrillation: correlation with stroke among 1531 participants in the stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation III study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Markers of thrombin generation and platelet activation are often elevated in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, but it is unclear whether such markers usefully predict stroke. Therefore, we undertook the present study to assess the relationship between prothrombin fragment F1.2 (F1.2), beta-thromboglobulin (BTG), fibrinogen, and the factor V Leiden mutation with stroke in atrial fibrillation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Specimens were obtained from 1531 participants in the Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation III study. The results were correlated with patient features, antithrombotic therapy, and subsequent thromboembolism (ischemic stroke and systemic embolism) by multivariate analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increased F1.2 levels were associated with age (P<0.001), female sex (P<0.001), systolic blood pressure (P=0.006), and heart failure (P=0.001). F1.2 were not affected by aspirin use and were not associated with thromboembolism after adjustment for age (P=0. 18). BTG levels were higher with advanced age (P=0.006), coronary artery disease (P=0.05), carotid disease (P=0.005), and heart failure (P<0.001), lower in regular alcohol users (P=0.05), and not significantly associated with thromboembolism. Fibrinogen levels were not significantly related to thromboembolism but were associated with elevated BTG levels (P<0.001). The factor V Leiden mutation was not associated with thromboembolism (relative risk 0.5, 95% CI 0.1 to 3.8).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated F1.2 levels were associated with clinical risk factors for stroke in atrial fibrillation, whereas increased BTG levels were linked to manifestations of atherosclerosis. In this large cohort of patients with atrial fibrillation who were receiving aspirin, F1.2, BTG, fibrinogen, and factor V Leiden were not independent, clinically useful predictors of stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, the University of Arizona, Tucson, USA.
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Feinberg
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Pearce
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cushman
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Cornell
authors.forename: G Y
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Lip
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Bovill
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001241:Aspirin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D005165:Factor V / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis*; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000032:analysis*; D018962:Phlebotomy; D011516:Prothrombin / Q000032:analysis*; D012737:Sex Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000097:blood*; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000097:blood; D014859:Warfarin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001620:beta-Thromboglobulin / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D015415:Biomarkers; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D001620:beta-Thromboglobulin; C095381:factor V Leiden; C045879:prothrombin fragment 1.2; D014859:Warfarin; D005165:Factor V; D011516:Prothrombin; D005340:Fibrinogen; D001241:Aspirin