title: Association between prenatal exposure to methylmercury and developmental outcomes in Seychellois children: effect modification by social and environmental factors.
abstract: The Seychelles Child Development Study (SCDS) is testing the hypothesis that prenatal exposure to low doses of MeHg from maternal consumption of fish is associated with the child's developmental outcomes. No deleterious relationships between exposure to MeHg and cognitive functions have been identified in the primary analysis of the main cohort through 66 months of age. We performed secondary analyses to determine if effect modification (EM) from social and environmental factors was affecting associations between MeHg and outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  MeHg exposure was determined by analysis of maternal hair growing during pregnancy. Children in our Main Study cohort were evaluated at 6.5 months (N = 740) for visual recognition memory and visual attention using the Fagan Infantest, at 19 months (N = 738) and 29 months (N = 736) with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID). Interactions between MeHg and Caregiver Intelligence, Family Income and Home Environment were examined by multiple regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median prenatal MeHg exposure was 5.9 ppm (Range 0.5-26.7 ppm). No EM occurred for preferential looking or visual attention at 6.5 months, for the BSID Psychomotor Scale at either 19 or 29 months, or for activity level at 29 months as measured by the BSID Infant Behavior Record. Interactions between MeHg level and both caregiver intelligence and family income were statistically significant for the BSID Mental Scale at 19 months but not at 29 months. These showed enhancement of MDI scores with increasing maternal MeHg in higher caregiver IQ groups at several levels of family income.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In Seychellois children, consistent major EM by social or environmental factors were not identified. The small EM by caregiver intelligence and social factors at 19 months is consistent with the enhanced performance we reported when this cohort was examined at 66 months.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, New York 14642, USA. phil_davidson@urmc.rochester.edu
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Myer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shamlaye
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Axtell
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sloane-Reeves
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cernichiari
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Palumbo
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Clarkson
mesh_terms: D001288:Attention / Q000187:drug effects; D001724:Birth Weight; D002648:Child; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D006128:Growth / Q000187:drug effects*; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D008297:Male; D008423:Maternal Age; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D008767:Methylmercury Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000506:poisoning*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011786:Quality Control; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012750:Seychelles; D012931:Social Environment
chemical_list: D008767:Methylmercury Compounds