title: Comparative post-operative study of prostheses, with and without an anti-reflux valve system, in the palliative treatment of esophageal carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Palliative treatment of advanced esophageal carcinoma by esophageal tunnelization with a prosthesis allows immediate relief of dysphagia. However, the procedure is subject to a high rate of morbidity, including gastroesophageal reflux (GER) present in all patients with a prosthesis positioned through the gastroesophageal junction, resulting in complications (pyrosis, aspiration pneumonias, sleep disorders) and reduced quality of life in these patients who already have a lower rate of survival. In an attempt to reduce GER and its complications, the authors created a surgical prosthesis coupled to an anti-reflux valve system, comparing it to the use of an esophageal prosthesis without an anti-reflux valve mechanism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two patients were allocated to 2 tunnelization groups: esophageal prosthesis without an anti-reflux valve mechanism (group 1) and surgical prosthesis coupled to an anti-reflux valve system (group 2). The GER was quantified measuring esophageal-gastric pH, and using fluoroscopy, contrast radiographs and esophageal emptying scintigraphy. Initially, the pH of secretions in S1 (esophagus) and S2 (stomach) was determined using reagent strips after aspirating their contents with different syringes. First with the patient seated at rest in bed, later performing a Valsalva maneuver, deep breathing and forced coughing. The same procedure was performed with the patient in left lateral decubitus, right lateral decubitus, and dorsal decubitus with the head of the bed lowered to 20 degrees. After finishing these maneuvers, 15 ml of 1 molar acetic acid were infused through the catheter positioned in the antrum, and, after 5 min, S1 and S2 material sampling was repeated in the same positions as mentioned above.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pH values between the various positions and maneuvers performed in each group separately were not significantly different, but, if we compare the 2 groups, and the secretions obtained in S1 and S2, there was a significant difference in pH measures in all positions. In the patients in group 1, S1 presented a mean pH ranging from 2.87-3.62 in the initial measures, and between 2.17 and 3.5 after the infusion of 15 ml of 1 molar acetic acid. On the other hand, in group 2, the mean pH of S1 remained between 6.34 and 8.32 in the initial measures and between 4.99 and 7.33 in the presence of acid infusion. At the level of S2, the pH remained unchanged between 2 and 2.7, in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors conclude that the association of an esophageal prosthesis with a valve system significantly reduces GER, as compared with its use alone. Furthermore, it allows marked reduction of the symptoms and resulting complications, and does not interfere clinically with esophageal emptying. It thus significantly improves the quality of life of these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Complexo Hospitalar Santa Casa de Porto Alegre, Fundacao Faculdade Federal de Ciencias Medicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.forename: F L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Waechter
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sampaio
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Alvares-Da-Silva
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pereira-Lima
mesh_terms: D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D004940:Esophageal Stenosis / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005745:Gastric Acidity Determination; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010166:Palliative Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation; D011788:Quality of Life; D015996:Survival Rate