title: The use of ATP and initiating nucleotides during postrecruitment steps at the activated adenovirus E4 promoter.
abstract: Permanganate probing has been used to follow the progress and ATP dependence of promoter opening during activated adenovirus E4 initiation and clearance. Using templates designed to restrict synthesis to defined positions, formation of a 3-nucleotide-long RNA was found to be sufficient to trigger expansion of the initial transcription bubble. This occurred by a discrete transition that expanded the downstream limit of melting from position 1 to 15. Subsequent clearance of the bubble from the promoter region also occurred without detectable intermediates. Thus, initial opening, extension, and the clearance of the promoter bubble appear to occur as discrete, unique transitions. The apparent K(m) values for these three steps were determined to be near 5, 9, and 50 microM, respectively. Comparison of these values with ATPase activities within known transcription factors raises the possibility that different activities could be responsible for each step.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Gralla
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000378:metabolism; D017504:Adenovirus E4 Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009711:Nucleotides / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D051758:Transcription Factor TFIIH; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D019473:Transcription Factors, TFII; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D017504:Adenovirus E4 Proteins; D009711:Nucleotides; D014157:Transcription Factors; D019473:Transcription Factors, TFII; D051758:Transcription Factor TFIIH; C022571:adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate); D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate