title: MRI appearances of the infrapatellar fat pad in occult traumatic patellar dislocation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A study was undertaken to determine the status of Hoffa's infrapatellar fat pad in instances of acutely dislocated patellae.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study consisted of MR examinations performed on 18 consecutive patients with acutely dislocated and relocated patellae with a mean interval between injury and MR examination date of 14.8 days (range 1-60 days). An analysis of the attachments and intrinsic signal characteristics of the fat pad was performed for each individual case.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hoffa's fat pad was abnormal in all cases. Shear injury from the inferior pole of the patella was present in 16 cases. Intrasubstance disruption with fluid filled clefts were noted in 12 cases. In 17 cases diffuse oedema of Hoffa's fat pad had occurred. In nine cases the damaged fat pad mimicked a loose body, while in five cases an intra-articular post-traumatic loose body was identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Post-traumatic change in Hoffa's fat pad is a constant secondary MR feature not previously reported, that can be added to the spectrum of indirect findings in cases of occult patellar dislocation. In addition, the MRI distinction between post-traumatic changes in Hoffa's infrapatellar fat pad from loose osteo-chondral bodies can be difficult, requiring further correlative imaging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Institute of Orthopaedics, The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire, UK.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Apostolaki
authors.forename: V N
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Cassar-Pullicino
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Tyrrell
authors.forename: I W
authors.initials: IW
authors.lastname: McCall
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010329:Patella / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed