title: Nursing workload associated with adverse events in the postanesthesia care unit.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The authors used a nursing task inventory system to assess nursing resources for patients with and without adverse postoperative events in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU).
  
  
  METHODS
  Over 3 months, 2,031 patients were observed, and each task/activity related to direct patient care was recorded and assigned points according to the Project Research in Nursing (PRN) workload system. PRN values for each patient were merged with data from an anesthesia database containing demographics, anesthesia technique, and postoperative adverse events. Mean and median PRN points were determined by age, sex, duration of procedure, and mode of anesthesia for patients with and without adverse events in the PACU. Three theoretical models were developed to determine the effect of differing rates of adverse events on the requirements for nurses in the PACU.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median workload (PRN points) per patient was 31.0 (25th-75th percentile, 25-46). Median workload was 26 points for patients with no postoperative events and 155 for > or = six adverse events. Workload varied by type of postoperative event (e.g., unanticipated admission to the intensive care unit, median workload = 95; critical respiratory event = 54; and nausea/vomiting = 33). Monitored anesthesia care or general anesthesia with spontaneous ventilation used less resources compared with general anesthesia with mechanical ventilation. Modeling various scenarios (controlling for types of patients) showed that adverse events increased the number of nursing personnel required in the PACU.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nursing care documentation based on requirements for individual patients demonstrates that the rate of postoperative adverse events affects the amount of nursing resources needed in the PACU.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Administration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. mmcohen@istar.ca
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: O'Brien-Pallas
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Copplestone
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wall
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Rose
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002170:Canada; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000191:economics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017146:Models, Organizational; D016528:Postanesthesia Nursing / Q000191:economics*; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000451:nursing; D012044:Regression Analysis; D018401:Sample Size; D016526:Workload / Q000191:economics*