title: Laparoscopic staging in locally advanced cervical carcinoma: A new possible philosophy?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of designing the therapeutic management of each patient, morbidity, and mortality using laparoscopic staging in locally advanced cervical carcinoma and to establish the standard procedure for a "complete" staging.
  
  
  METHODS
  From July 10, 1995, to June 30, 1998, 98 pts were included. Clinical staging was performed according to FIGO's criteria (22 Ib2; 38 IIb; 25 IIIb; and 6 IV). The Quetelet index was calculated for each patient. Forty-nine pts were submitted to a previous CT scan. Surgical steps for a complete staging were: (1) peritoneal washings for cytology; (2) whole abdominal cavity exploration, with a biopsy of all suspicious lesions; (3) exploration of the vesicocervical and rectovaginal septums with a biopsy of suspicious areas; (4) bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy and, when macroscopically positive, paraaortic lymphadenectomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-four of 91 pts were evaluable. The average duration for the procedure was 108 min, and blood loss was less than 200 cc. Hospitalization time ranged from 24 to 48 h. The average number of resected pelvic nodes was 18.5 (9-31). Positive nodes were found in 38 cases; 19 pts had unresectable positive nodes. Paraaortic dissection was performed in 26 cases and 11 cases were positive. When tumor was <5 cm, 8/32 (25%) lymphadenectomies were positive; when it was >5 cm, 30/52 (58%) were positive. Thirty-eight of 49 pelvic CT scans were reported to be normal (18/38 had positive nodes) and 11/49 suspicious (6/11 had positive nodes). Tumor invasion of the vesicocervical space or of the anterior parametrium was found in 23/84 patients. The rectovaginal septum was positive in 10 cases. Four of 84 patients (4.7%) presented with intraperitoneal spread. Only one trauma to the vena cava occurred at the time of the Verres needle insertion and two postoperative lymphoceles were observed. All patients began curative treatment within 3 to 7 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This method is feasible, complications are infrequent, and subsequent treatment is not delayed.
authors.affiliation: Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Buenos Aires University Hospital, Buenos Aires, 1183, Argentina.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vidaurreta
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bermúdez
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: di Paola
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sardi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery