title: Sonographically guided compression repair of pseudoaneurysms: further experience from a single institution.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our purpose was to perform a comprehensive review of our experience with compression of postcatheterization groin pseudoaneurysms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred eighty-one patients underwent 306 sonographically guided compression procedures on 297 groin pseudoaneurysms after femoral artery catheterization. The medical records, cardiac catheterization reports, and sonographic images were reviewed to determine patient demographics, type of catheterization procedure performed, sheath size, access site, interval from sheath removal to compression, anticoagulation status, pseudoaneurysm dimensions, complications, and follow-up information. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson's chi-square and Kendall tau tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The success rate for the initial compression attempt was 72.1%. Of the 83 failed compression attempts, 12 patients underwent a second attempt, of which seven attempts were successful. Therefore, counting both first and second attempts, the success rate was 74.4%. A strong negative correlation existed between anticoagulation status and success, with a 70% failure rate in patients with anticoagulated blood. Smaller pseudoaneurysm size was strongly correlated with success. Of the 83 failed cases, 49 ultimately underwent surgical repair. Eleven complications (3.6%) occurred, including three patients with rupture during compression. No deaths occurred as a result of compression repair.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that sonographically guided pseudoaneurysm compression repair is an effective alternative to surgical repair, though nearly one third of compression attempts will fail and most of those patients will ultimately require surgery. The procedure is less effective when the patient's blood is anticoagulated and when the pseudoaneurysm is large. The procedure carries an overall complication rate of 3.6% and a risk for rupture of 1%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Eisenberg
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Paulson
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kliewer
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Hudson
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: DeLong
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Carroll
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017541:Aneurysm, False / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D017542:Aneurysm, Ruptured / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000293:injuries; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011312:Pressure; D012307:Risk Factors; D014159:Transducers; D017211:Treatment Failure; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color / Q000295:instrumentation*