title: Use of Q-switched alexandrite laser (755 nm, 100 nsec) for removal of traumatic tattoo of different origins.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Q-switched laser systems have been used for removal of tattoo-related carbon, graphite, and other particles. We assessed elimination of traumatic tattoos of different origin with Q-switched alexandrite laser in nine patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fluence threshold was determined and a spot test was made. Q-switched alexandrite laser, with a fluence range 4.5-8.0 J/cm(2) (mean, 7.16 +/- 1.18), was used at 4-5-week intervals. Total treatment ranged from 3-12 sessions (mean, 6.1 +/- 3.6 sessions). Double-pulse technique was used in black/black-bluish areas, but single-shot was applied to slate-gray pigment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  More than 95% lightening was achieved in five patients after 5.2 +/- 2.3 sessions, and >75% lightening in six subjects after 6.1 +/- 3.1 sessions of treatment. Blacktop, surgical pen, and gravel tattoos presented a better response than gunpowder/fireworks tattoos (>95% vs. 68.7 +/- 23.9% clearance), or tattoos of unknown origin (>95% vs. 62.5 +/- 53% clearance). Epidermal splattering and pinpoint bleeding were observed in one case. No pigmentary alteration or scarring was seen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Q-switched alexandrite laser is a useful system for removal of traumatic tattoos of diverse origin. The best response (>95% clearance) was achieved in blacktop, surgical pen, and gravel tattoos, although an acceptable degree of lightening may be obtained in tattoos due to gunpowder or fireworks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of Catalonia, E-08910 Sant Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Moreno-Arias
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Casals-Andreu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Camps-Fresneda
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D062109:Dermatologic Surgical Procedures; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012867:Skin / Q000293:injuries*; D013653:Tattooing; D016896:Treatment Outcome