title: Ibuprofen protects low density lipoproteins against oxidative modification.
abstract: Oxidative modification of LDL by vascular cells has been proposed as the mechanism by which LDL become atherogenic. The effect of ibuprofen on LDL modification by copper ions, monocytes and endothelial cells was studied by measuring lipid peroxidation products. Ibuprofen inhibited LDL oxidation in a dose-dependent manner over a concentration range of 0.1 to 2.0 mM. Ibuprofen (2 mM, 100 microg/ml LDL) reduced the amount of lipid peroxides formed during 2 and 6 h incubation in the presence of copper ions by 52 and 28%, respectively. Weak free radical scavenging activity of ibuprofen was observed in the DPPH test. The protective effect of ibuprofen was more marked when oxidation was induced by monocytes or endothelial cells. Ibuprofen (1 mM, 100 microg/ml LDL) reduced the amount of lipid peroxides generated in LDL during monocyte-mediated oxidation by 40%. HUVEC-mediated oxidation of LDL in the absence and presence of Cu2+ was reduced by 32 and 39%, respectively. More lipid peroxides appeared when endothelial cells were stimulated by IL-1beta or TNFalpha and the inhibitory effect of ibuprofen in this case was more pronounced. Ibuprofen (1 mM, 100 microg/ml LDL) reduced the amount of lipid peroxides formed during incubation of LDL with IL-1beta-stimulated HUVEC by 43%. The figures in the absence and presence of Cu2+ for HUVEC stimulated with TNFalpha were 56 and 59%, respectively. To assess the possibility that ibuprofen acts by lowering the production rate of reactive oxygen species, the intracellular concentration of H2O2 was measured. Ibuprofen (1 mM) reduced intracellular production of hydrogen peroxide in PMA-stimulated mononuclear cells by 69%. When HUVEC were stimulated by IL-1beta or TNFalpha the reduction was 62% and 66%, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Regional Center for Atherosclerosis Research, Pomeranian Academy of Medicine, Szczecin, Poland.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zapolska-Downar
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zapolska-Downar
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bukowska
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gałka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naruszewicz
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015764:Bepridil / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003300:Copper / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D010851:Picrates; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D014471:Umbilical Veins
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D010851:Picrates; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D015764:Bepridil; D003300:Copper; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; D007052:Ibuprofen