title: The neurite retraction induced by lysophosphatidic acid increases Alzheimer's disease-like Tau phosphorylation.
abstract: The bioactive phospholipid lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) causes growth cone collapse and neurite retraction in neuronal cells. These changes are brought about by the action of a cell surface receptor coupled to specific G proteins that control morphology and motility through the action of a group of small GTPases, the Rho family of proteins. Many studies have focused on actin reorganization modulated by Rho-GTPases, but almost no information has been obtained concerning microtubular network reorganization after LPA-induced neurite retraction. In the present study, we demonstrate an increase in site-specific Alzheimer's disease-like Tau phosphorylation during LPA-induced neurite retraction in differentiated SY-SH5Y human neuroblastoma cells. The phosphorylation state of Tau was inferred from its immunoreactivity with antibodies that recognize phosphorylation-sensitive epitopes. The effects of specific kinase inhibitors indicate that this phosphorylation is mediated by glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3). In support of this idea, we observed an increase of GSK-3 activity upon growth cone collapse. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that activation of GSK-3 occurs in the Rho pathway and may represent an important link between microtubules and microfilaments dynamics during neuritogenesis and in pathological situations such as Alzheimer's disease.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco-Madrid 28049, Spain.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Sayas
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Moreno-Flores
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Avila
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wandosell
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000378:metabolism*; D003994:Bucladesine / Q000494:pharmacology; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D038341:Glycogen Synthase Kinases; D006801:Humans; D008246:Lysophospholipids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016501:Neurites / Q000187:drug effects*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000032:analysis; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D049368:Receptors, Lysophosphatidic Acid; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D010566:Virulence Factors, Bordetella / Q000494:pharmacology; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008246:Lysophospholipids; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D049368:Receptors, Lysophosphatidic Acid; D010566:Virulence Factors, Bordetella; D016875:tau Proteins; D003994:Bucladesine; D038341:Glycogen Synthase Kinases; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3