title: Cadmium levels in feed components and kidneys of growing/finishing pigs.
abstract: Cadmium (Cd) concentrations in pig feeds (one control feed and one feed with reduced nitrogen content), straw, water, and pig kidney cortex were determined in 2 breeds of growing/finishing pigs (n = 96). The total Cd intake from feed was calculated. Feed mixtures and components, straw and kidney cortex samples, and certified reference samples were microwave-digested and analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry with graphite furnace technique. Total Cd concentration in the control feed was 37.1 micrograms/kg wet weight (w.wt). The highest Cd levels were found in nonlocally produced feed components: vitamin-mineral mixture, lime, dicalcium phosphate, soybean meal, and rapeseed meal. These components contributed 70% of the Cd content in the feed. The main component, barley, which was locally produced, contributed 30% of the total Cd content in feed. The feed with reduced nitrogen content contained less soybean and rapeseed meal and a lower Cd level than the control feed. The Cd levels in kidney cortex varied from 38.0 to 105 micrograms/kg w.wt, with a mean level of 70.9 micrograms/kg. The levels differed between breeds and feeds, but not between gender. There was a significant correlation between Cd level in kidney cortex and age at slaughter, with an increase of 2.8 micrograms/kg w.wt in the kidney for each additional week of survival. The contribution of Cd from nonlocally produced feed components could have environmental effects through application of farmyard manure to local soils.
authors.affiliation: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Food Hygiene, Uppsala, Sweden. Anna.Linden@farmtox.slu.se
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lindén
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Olsson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oskarsson
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D001937:Brassica; D002104:Cadmium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis*; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D007672:Kidney Cortex / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis; D013025:Glycine max; D013045:Species Specificity; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D013552:Swine / Q000254:growth & development; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D002104:Cadmium