title: How NF-kappaB is activated: the role of the IkappaB kinase (IKK) complex.
abstract: Rel/NF-kappaB transcription factors are primarily regulated by association with inhibitor IkappaB proteins. Thus, in most cells NF-kappaB exists in the cytoplasm in an inactive complex bound to IkappaB. Most agents that activate NF-kappaB do so through a common pathway based on phosphorylation-induced, proteasome-mediated degradation of IkappaB. The key regulatory step in this pathway involves activation of a high molecular weight IkappaB kinase (IKK) complex, whose catalysis is generally carried out by a heterodimeric kinase consisting of IKKalpha and IKKbeta subunits. This review describes the identification of proteins in the IKK complex, and the regulation and physiological functions of IKK.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California, CA 92093-0636, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051841:Transcription Factor RelB; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; C497593:RELB protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051841:Transcription Factor RelB; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C496559:CHUK protein, human; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase; C496560:IKBKB protein, human; C496565:IKBKE protein, human