title: Gender-dependent differences in outcome after the treatment of infection in hospitalized patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While it is established that management strategies and outcomes differ by gender for many diseases, its effect on infection has not been adequately studied.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the role of gender among hospitalized patients treated for infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational cohort study conducted during a 26-month period from December 1996 through January 1999.
  
  
  METHODS
  University-affiliated hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 892 patients in the surgical units of the hospital with 1470 consecutive infectious episodes (782 in men and 688 in women).
  
  
  METHODS
  Mortality during hospitalization by gender for infection episodes overall and for specific infectious sites, including lung, peritoneum, bloodstream, catheter, urine, surgical site, and skin/soft tissue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among all infections, there was no significant difference in mortality based on gender (men, 11.1% vs women, 14.2%; P = .07). After logistic regression analysis, factors independently associated with mortality included higher APACHE (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation) II score, older age, malignancy, blood transfusion, and diagnosis of infection more than 7 days after admission, but not gender (female odds ratio [OR] for death, 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90-1.94; P = .16). Mortality was higher in women for lung (men, 18% vs women, 34%; P = .002) and soft tissue (men, 2% vs women, 10%; P < or = .05) infection; for other infectious sites, mortality did not differ by gender. Factors associated with mortality due to pneumonia by logistic regression included higher APACHE II score, malignancy, diabetes mellitus, diagnosis of infection more than 7 days after admission, older age, transplantation, and female gender (OR for death, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.17-4.32; P = .02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although gender may not be predictive of mortality among all infections, women appear to be at increased risk for death from hospital-acquired pneumonia, even after controlling for other comorbidities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville 22906-0005, USA.
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Crabtree
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Pelletier
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Gleason
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Pruett
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Sawyer
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome