title: Rapidly progressive, predominantly motor Guillain-Barré syndrome with anti-GalNAc-GD1a antibodies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the presence of anti-GalNAc-GD1a antibodies in patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and to determine the relation of anti-ganglioside antibodies with clinical features.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The GBS is heterogeneous with regard to clinical manifestations, antecedent infections, and the presence and specificity of anti-ganglioside antibodies. Recently, antibodies to minor gangliosides have been identified in serum from GBS patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors used ELISA to detect anti-ganglioside antibodies in 132 GBS patients and then correlated results with a database containing information on antecedent infections and clinical parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anti-GalNAc-GD1a antibodies could be detected in 19 (14%) GBS patients. The presence of anti-GalNAc-GD1a antibodies was related to antecedent Campylobacter jejuni infection (p<0.001). GBS patients with anti-GalNAc-GD1a antibodies had a rapidly progressive, more severe, and predominantly distal weakness. Furthermore, they had less sensory loss, paresthesia, and cranial nerve involvement. In most patients, this reactivity was independent of reactivity to GM1. Dividing patients into separate groups based on their reactivity to GalNAc-GD1a and GM1 enabled the authors to delineate more homogeneous subgroups with regard to clinical features.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides further evidence for the hypothesis that antecedent infections and the specificity of subsequent anti-neural antibody responses determine the clinical manifestations in GBS patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Ang@neuro.fgg.eur.nl
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Ang
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yuki
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Van Doorn
authors.forename: P I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Schmitz
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Van Der Meché
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology*; D020274:Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology*; D002169:Campylobacter Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology; D016123:Campylobacter jejuni / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005677:G(M1) Ganglioside / Q000276:immunology; D005732:Gangliosides / Q000276:immunology*; D020275:Guillain-Barre Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009460:Neurologic Examination
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D005732:Gangliosides; D005677:G(M1) Ganglioside; C055253:IV(4)-galactosyl-N-acetylganglioside GD1a