title: Glutamine effects on permeability and ATP content of jejunal mucosa in starved rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Starvation induces an increase in intestinal permeability that can be of importance to intestinal integrity. Glutamine is the principal energy source for intestinal enterocytes and is considered essential for gut metabolism, structure and function. The aim of this study was to investigate whether glutamine could improve the ATP content of the mucosa of starved rats and attenuate the permeability perturbation during incubation in vitro in Ussing chamber.
  
  
  METHODS
  Segments of jejunum from rats starved for 48 h were mounted in Ussing chambers. Glutamine was added to Krebs-buffer at 0.6mM, 3mM, 6mM and 30mM concentrations on the mucosal side. Cr-EDTA permeation, ATP content of the epithelium mucosa and electrophysiology were studied during 180 min of incubation in Ussing chambers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  These was a negative linear correlation between ATP content and(51)Cr-EDTA permeability in stripped mucosa. ATP content was reduced in all groups during the experiment. When 30 mM glutamine was added on the mucosal side there was an increase in(51)Cr-EDTA permeability (P< 0.001). There was no effect of glutamine on transepithelial resistance but higher concentrations of glutamine (>3mM) significantly increased the short circuit current.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Supplementing glutamine to the mucosal side in the Ussing chamber led to an increase in ion pump activity and to an increase in paracellular permeability at the 30mM glutamine concentration. Glutamine did not restore the intracellular ATP level. The increase in permeability was inversely correlated to the mucosal ATP content.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Clinical Research Center, Faculty of Health Science, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Söderholm
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Permert
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Olaison
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lindgren
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wirén
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005973:Glutamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D007583:Jejunum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D010539:Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013217:Starvation / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005973:Glutamine; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate