title: Stop-and-go movements of plant Golgi stacks are mediated by the acto-myosin system.
abstract: The Golgi apparatus in plant cells consists of a large number of independent Golgi stack/trans-Golgi network/Golgi matrix units that appear to be randomly distributed throughout the cytoplasm. To study the dynamic behavior of these Golgi units in living plant cells, we have cloned a cDNA from soybean (Glycine max), GmMan1, encoding the resident Golgi protein alpha-1,2 mannosidase I. The predicted protein of approximately 65 kD shows similarity of general structure and sequence (45% identity) to class I animal and fungal alpha-1,2 mannosidases. Expression of a GmMan1::green fluorescent protein fusion construct in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Bright Yellow 2 suspension-cultured cells revealed the presence of several hundred to thousands of fluorescent spots. Immuno-electron microscopy demonstrates that these spots correspond to individual Golgi stacks and that the fusion protein is largely confined to the cis-side of the stacks. In living cells, the stacks carry out stop-and-go movements, oscillating rapidly between directed movement and random "wiggling." Directed movement (maximal velocity 4.2 microm/s) is related to cytoplasmic streaming, occurs along straight trajectories, and is dependent upon intact actin microfilaments and myosin motors, since treatment with cytochalasin D or butanedione monoxime blocks the streaming motion. In contrast, microtubule-disrupting drugs appear to have a small but reproducible stimulatory effect on streaming behavior. We present a model that postulates that the stop-and-go motion of Golgi-trans-Golgi network units is regulated by "stop signals" produced by endoplasmic reticulum export sites and locally expanding cell wall domains to optimize endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi and Golgi to cell wall trafficking.
authors.affiliation: Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0347, USA. andreas.nebenfuehr@colorado.edu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nebenführ
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Gallagher
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Dunahay
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Frohlick
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Mazurkiewicz
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Meehl
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Staehelin
mesh_terms: D000205:Actomyosin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004330:Drosophila; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010947:Plants, Toxic; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013025:Glycine max / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014026:Nicotiana; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D000205:Actomyosin