title: Effects of intranasal immunization on protective immunity against otitis media.
abstract: It has been reported that intranasal immunization can induce mucosal immune responses. However, the efficacy of intranasal immunization on otitis media caused by non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is not yet elucidated. Mice were intranasally, orally, intratracheally or intraperitoneally immunized with outer membrane protein (OMP) isolated from NTHi, and antigen-specific immune responses were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and enzyme-linked immuno-spot assay (ELISPOT). Cytokine production from splenic CD4+ T cells was examined by ELISA. Following the immunization, the clearance of NTHi from the nasal and nasopharyngeal cavity was examined. OMP-specific IgA antibody titers in nasal washes and the numbers of specific IgA-producing cells in nasal passages were significantly increased in intranasally immunized mice. Cytokine analysis showed that interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukins IL-6 and IL-10 were predominantly produced from CD4+ T cells. The clearance of NTHi was significantly enhanced in the intranasal immunization group. Intranasal immunization is an effective vaccination regimen for the induction of OMP-specific mucosal immune responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Japan. kurono@khosp3.kufm.kagoshima-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kurono
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mogi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujihashi
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: McGhee
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kiyono
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006192:Haemophilus Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018073:Haemophilus Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000276:immunology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000032:analysis; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000032:analysis; D007378:Interleukins / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D017817:Nasal Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D018073:Haemophilus Vaccines; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D007378:Interleukins; D007371:Interferon-gamma