title: The effect of nitric oxide on platelets when delivered to the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit.
abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) decreases platelet adhesion to foreign surfaces in the in vitro models of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). We hypothesized that NO, delivered into the membrane oxygenator (MO), would exert a platelet-sparing effect after CPB. Forty-seven patients scheduled for coronary artery surgery were randomized to either a NO group, in which NO (100 ppm) was delivered into the MO, or a control group, in which CPB was conducted without NO. Platelet numbers, platelet aggregation response to 2.5-20 microM adenosine diphosphate, and beta-thromboglobulin levels were measured after induction of anesthesia, after 1 h on CPB and 2 h after the end of CPB. Met-hemoglobin levels were measured during CPB. The amount of blood products administered and chest tube drainage were measured in the first postoperative 18 h. NO delivered into the MO for up to 180 min did not increase met-hemoglobin levels above 4%. NO inhibited the platelet aggregation response to 2.5 microM ADP during CPB, otherwise NO had no other detectable effect on the aggregation responses or the levels of beta-thromboglobulin. Platelet numbers were not significantly altered by NO. NO did not alter the use of blood products or chest tube drainage. In conclusion, this study suggests that NO delivered into the MO of the CPB circuit does not significantly alter platelet aggregation and numbers, and does not affect bleeding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nitric oxide affects platelet function. We demonstrated that nitric oxide delivered into the gas inflow of the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit membrane oxygenator does not significantly alter platelet numbers or function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville 22906-0010, USA.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lowson
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Rich
mesh_terms: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000368:Aged; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D015199:Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010107:Oxygenators, Membrane; D010973:Platelet Adhesiveness / Q000187:drug effects; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects; D010976:Platelet Count / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D001620:beta-Thromboglobulin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001620:beta-Thromboglobulin; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate