title: Role of the D2 dopamine receptor in molecular adaptation to chronic hypoxia in PC12 cells.
abstract: We have previously shown that pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells rapidly depolarize and undergo Ca2+ influx through voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels in response to moderate hypoxia and that intracellular free Ca2+ is modulated by activation of dopamine D2 receptors in this cell type. The present study shows that D2 (quinpirole-mediated) inhibition of a voltage-dependent Ca2+ current (ICa) in PC12 cells is dramatically attenuated after chronic exposure to moderate hypoxia (24 h at 10% O2). Pretreatment of cells with pertussis toxin abolished D2-mediated inhibition of ICa. The D2-induced inhibition of ICa did not depend on protein kinase A (PKA), as it persisted both in the presence of a specific PKA inhibitor (PKI) and in PKA-deficient PC12 cells. Prolonged exposure to hypoxia (24 h) significantly reduced the level of Gi/o alpha immunoreactivity, but did not alter G beta levels. Furthermore, dialysis of recombinant G(o) alpha protein through the patch pipette restored the inhibitory effect of quinpirole in cells chronically exposed to hypoxia. We conclude that the attenuation of the D2-mediated inhibition of ICa by chronic hypoxia is caused by impaired receptor-G protein coupling, due to reduced levels of G(o) alpha protein. This attenuated feedback modulation of ICa by dopamine may allow for a more sustained Ca2+ influx and enhanced cellular excitation during prolonged hypoxia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Ohio 45267-0576, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Conforti
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Beitner-Johnson
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Millhorn
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002908:Chronic Disease; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016716:PC12 Cells; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D051381:Rats; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015854:Up-Regulation; D010566:Virulence Factors, Bordetella / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D010566:Virulence Factors, Bordetella; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D002118:Calcium