title: [Primary pleural lymphoma after collapse therapy: modern aspects of an historic disease].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pleural lymphomas after long standing pyothorax due to pulmonary tuberculosis are now well identified. Most cases have been described by Japanese investigators and it seems rare or unrecognised in Western countries. We report the study of six cases observed in a single institution.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six pyothorax-associated pleural lymphomas, among 1,038 lymphoma (0.6%) collected during a period from 1989 to 1998, are described. Diagnosis was established by two pathologists with the usual histologic and immunohistochemical methods, according to the working formulation. The in situ hybridization method for Epstein-Barr virus was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average age of the patient was 73 years. Presenting symptoms combined chest pain and constitutional symptoms more than 45 years after artificial pneumothorax or tuberculous pleuritis. Computerized tomography revealed a pleural mass which involved the adjacent chest wall. Open biopsy by thoracotomy show a diffuse B-cell non-Hodgkin-lymphoma in all cases. Though the lymphoma was initially localized, many poor prognostic factors (age, performance status, LDH, histology) explain the pejorative evolution (average survival of five months). Patients died from an uncontrolled tumoral proliferation or by infectious complications. In situ hybridization confirms the presence of Epstein-Barr virus in tumoral cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pleural lymphoma is an established complication of artificial pneumothorax. Even if the Epstein-Barr virus plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis, and despite the number of artificial pneumothorax operations that have been widely performed, this lymphoma remains rare, suggesting additional oncogenic factors.
authors.affiliation: Service d'hématologie clinique, centre de lutte contre le cancer Henri-Becquerel, Rouen, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jardin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stamatoullas
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Buchonnet
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Duval
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dujon
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Picquenot
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nouvet
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tilly
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003096:Collapse Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D004654:Empyema, Tuberculous / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006566:Herpesviridae Infections / Q000175:diagnosis; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D016393:Lymphoma, B-Cell / Q000209:etiology* / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D010997:Pleural Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000821:virology; D011031:Pneumothorax, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects; D011379:Prognosis; D015996:Survival Rate; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014396:Tuberculosis, Pleural / Q000209:etiology; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis
vernacular_title: Lymphomes pleuraux primitifs après collapsothérapie: aspects modernes d'une maladie historique.