title: Rapid extraction of clenbuterol from human and calf urine using empore C8 extraction disks.
abstract: In the present paper, disk extraction was evaluated for the rapid isolation of clenbuterol from human and calf urine, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis with UV detection. A method was developed for the extraction with standard density C8 disks. The disks could be washed with 25% methanol in 0.01M sodium hydroxide without significant losses of clenbuterol. The recovery of denbuterol was about 85%, and the extracts were clean. The detection limit was about 10 ng/mL. The main advantages of these disks were the saving of time and the reduced amounts of organic solvents needed.
authors.affiliation: University Centre for Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Toxicology, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koole
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Jetten
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Franke
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: de Zeeuw
mesh_terms: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000652:urine; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D002976:Clenbuterol / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene / Q000737:chemistry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012117:Resins, Synthetic / Q000737:chemistry; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D012117:Resins, Synthetic; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene; D002976:Clenbuterol