title: Effects of topical vitamin K and retinol on laser-induced purpura on nonlesional skin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pulsed dye laser treatments usually result in purpura. Any topical application that eliminates or shortens the duration of purpura would be extremely useful.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this prospective study was to determine the safety and efficacy of topical vitamin K cream in shortening the duration of laser-induced purpura.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty adult subjects were enrolled. Each subject had five 1.5 cm sites treated with a pulsed dye laser at 585 nm, 450 nsec, 7 mm spot size at each subject's respective threshold fluence. Each subject had a control site where no topical application was used and four other sites where a different formulation was applied to each for 2 weeks before and for 2 weeks after laser irradiation. Five vitamin K formulations with or without retinol were studied: 3% vitamin K in acrylates copolymer cream, 5% vitamin K in acrylates copolymer cream, 1% vitamin K and 0.3% retinol in acrylates copolymer cream, 1% vitamin K and 0.15% retinol in acrylates copolymer cream, 1% free vitamin K cream. Purpuric discoloration at each site was rated on days 0, 1, 3, 7, 10, and 14 after laser treatment on a quartile scale. Each site was assigned 100% discoloration on day 0 after laser irradiation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Laser-induced purpuric discoloration resolved faster with 1% vitamin K and 0.3% retinol in acrylates copolymer cream than with no topical application. The difference is statistically significant from day 3 onward.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A combination of 1% vitamin K and 0.3% retinol in acrylates copolymer cream hastened the resolution of laser-induced purpura.
authors.affiliation: Laser and Skin Surgery Center of New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Lou
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Quintana
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Geronemus
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Grossman
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D062109:Dermatologic Surgical Procedures; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009824:Ointments; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011693:Purpura / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014812:Vitamin K / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D009824:Ointments; D014801:Vitamin A; D014812:Vitamin K