title: Acute mania: haloperidol dose and augmentation with lithium or lorazepam.
abstract: Antipsychotic dosing for acute mania has not been well studied. Combined treatment with lithium and an antipsychotic is the most common treatment, but additional antimanic efficacy of a lithium-antipsychotic combination beyond that of an antipsychotic alone has not been well demonstrated. Furthermore, the possibility that lithium could affect antipsychotic dose requirement is believed to have never been studied. In this study, 63 acutely psychotic bipolar manic inpatients were randomly assigned to receive double-blind treatment with 1 of 2 haloperidol doses, 25 mg/day or 5 mg/day, for 21 days. In addition to haloperidol, subjects were randomly assigned to receive concomitant treatment with placebo, standard lithium, or lorazepam 4 mg/day. The high haloperidol dose produced greater improvement and more side effects than did the low dose. Lithium added to the low dose produced a markedly greater clinical response than did the low dose alone. Lorazepam did not improve the outcome for the patients receiving low-dose haloperidol. The clinical response produced by high-dose haloperidol was not enhanced by adding either lithium or lorazepam. All treatment effects emerged by the fourth day of treatment and persisted. Used alone, a haloperidol dose of 5 mg/day is too low for most manic patients, but concomitant lithium produces a dose-dependent enhancement of haloperidol response. Lorazepam 4 mg/day was insufficient to produce an advantage when added to low-dose haloperidol.
authors.affiliation: Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York 10962, USA. chou@nki.rfmh.org
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Czobor
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Charles
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tuma
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Winsberg
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trujillo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Volavka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018692:Antimanic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002951:Citrates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D008140:Lorazepam / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D018692:Antimanic Agents; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D002951:Citrates; C070669:lithium citrate; D006220:Haloperidol; D008140:Lorazepam