title: Fetal treatment of congenital heart block ascribed to anti-SSA antibody: case reports with observation of cardiohemodynamics and review of the literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Maternal anti-SSA(B) antibody crosses the placenta and causes fetal myocarditis, congenital heart block (CHB), hydrops fetalis, and intrauterine fetal death. The aim of this study was to evaluate corticosteroids' efficacy as a treatment for CHB.
  
  
  METHODS
  One fetus with complete CHB and one fetus with incomplete CHB due to anti-SSA(B) antibody received maternal prednisolone (PSL) and dexamethasone (DEXA) treatments. Heart rate, cardiothoracic ratio (CTR), left ventricular fractional shortening (FS), and preload index (PLI) were longitudinally measured by serial fetal echocardiograms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the former case, after maternal PSL/DEXA administration, improvement of cardiohemodynamics, i.e., the reduction of PLI from 1.7 to 0.4, CTR from 70 to 52%, and FS from 63 to 54% were observed. In the latter case, second degree 2:1 block was converted to 3:2 block/sinus rhythm, resulting in the increase of the fetal heart rate from 65 to 116 beats per minute (bpm).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We disclosed for the first time the beneficial effects of corticosteroids in the fetal cardiohemodynamics and conduction system of affected fetuses with the presence of maternal anti-SSA(B) antibodies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan. yhideto@med.hokudai.ac.jp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ebina
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moriwaki
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Furuta
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear / Q000276:immunology*; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000276:immunology; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005323:Fetal Monitoring; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006321:Heart / Q000196:embryology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006327:Heart Block / Q000151:congenital / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011249:Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular / Q000276:immunology; D020733:RNA, Small Cytoplasmic; D012261:Ribonucleoproteins / Q000276:immunology; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000276:immunology; D000099207:SS-A Antigen
chemical_list: D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear; D001324:Autoantigens; D003907:Dexamethasone; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D011239:Prednisolone; D020733:RNA, Small Cytoplasmic; D012261:Ribonucleoproteins; D000099207:SS-A Antigen; C116006:RO60 protein, human