title: Hypnosis instead of general anaesthesia in paediatric radiotherapy: report of three cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This report proposes hypnosis as a valid alternative to general anaesthesia for immobilisation and set-up in certain cases in paediatric radiotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report three cases of children who underwent radiotherapy in 1994 and were treated using hypnosis for set-up during irradiation. The first and the second were two cases of macroscopic resection of cerebellar medulloblastoma in which craniospinal irradiation was necessary, while the third patient suffered of an endorbitary relapse of retinoblastoma previously treated with bilateral enucleation, radiotherapy and chemotherapy; in this last situation the child needed radiation as palliative therapy. Hypnosis was used during treatment to obtain the indispensable immobility. Hypnotic conditioning was obtained by our expert psychotherapist while the induction during every single treatment was made by the clinician, whose voice was presented to the children during the conditioning.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Every single fraction of the radiation therapy was delivered in hypnosis and without the need for narcosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypnosis may be useful in particular situations to prepare paediatric cancer patients during irradiation, when lack of child collaboration might necessitate the use of general anaesthesia and when anaesthesia itself is not possible.
authors.affiliation: Istituto del Radio O. Alberti, Azienda Spedali Civil di Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bertoni
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bonardi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Magno
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mandracchia
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martinelli
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Terraneo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tonoli
mesh_terms: D000768:Anesthesia, General; D002528:Cerebellar Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006991:Hypnosis, Anesthetic; D008297:Male; D008527:Medulloblastoma / Q000532:radiotherapy; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000532:radiotherapy; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D009918:Orbital Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000532:radiotherapy