title: The effect of remifentanil on biliary tract drainage into the duodenum.
abstract: Opioids cause spasm of the sphincter of Oddi. Remifentanil is metabolized enzymatically throughout the body. Its context-sensitive half-time is 3-4 min. The effect of remifentanil on the sphincter of Oddi, is unknown. We studied, in six healthy adult volunteers, the effect of remifentanil on the flow of dye from the gall bladder into the duodenum. Control hepatobiliary imaging with 5 mCi of technetium-labeled derivatives of iminodiacetic acid was performed on each volunteer. The time from IV dye (radiopharmaceutical) injection until its appearance in the duodenum was determined by continuous scanning. Two weeks later, each volunteer received remifentanil, 0.1 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1) infused for 30 min IV before the same dose of technetium-labeled derivatives of iminodiacetic acid was injected, and for the time of their control scan plus 10 min after the injection. When the dye appeared in the duodenum, the total time from injection was compared with the control value. The time from stopping the infusion until the dye appeared in the duodenum was the "recovery time." Control scan time was 20.5+/-9.9 min (mean +/- SD; range 10-33 min). Total scan time during and after the remifentanil infusion was 50.3+/-17.3 min (range 30-81 min) (P < 0002). The recovery time was 19.8+/-12.4 min (range 5-40 min). We conclude that remifentanil delays the drainage of dye from the gall bladder into the duodenum, but the delay is shorter than that reported after other studied opioids.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radioactive dye was injected IV into healthy volunteers to determine the time it took for the dye to appear in the duodenum. This was repeated under the influence of a short-acting narcotic analgesic, remifentanil. Remifentanil caused a much shorter delay than previously reported after morphine or meperidine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Fragen
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vilich
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Spies
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Erwin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001659:Biliary Tract / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004386:Duodenum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007098:Imino Acids; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D000077208:Remifentanil
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D007098:Imino Acids; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D010880:Piperidines; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C046767:technetium Tc 99m iminodiacetic acid; D000077208:Remifentanil