title: Genetically fluorescent melanoma bone and organ metastasis models.
abstract: We report here the establishment and metastatic properties of bright, highly stable, green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression transductants of the B16 mouse malignant melanoma cell line and the LOX human melanoma line. The highly fluorescent malignant melanoma cell lines allowed the visualization of skeletal and multiorgan metastases after i.v. injection of B16 cells in C57BL/6 mice and intradermal injection of LOX cells in nude mice. The melanoma cell lines were transduced with the pLEIN expression retroviral vector containing the GFP and neomycin resistance genes. Stable B16F0 and LOX clones expressing high levels of GFP were selected stepwise in vitro in levels of G418 of up to 800 microg/ml. Extensive bone and bone marrow metastases of B16F0 were visualized by GFP expression when the animals were sacrificed 3 weeks after cell implantation. Metastases for both cell lines were visualized in many organs, including the brain, lung, pleural membrane, liver, kidney, adrenal gland, lymph nodes, skeleton, muscle, and skin by GFP fluorescence. This is the first observation of experimental skeletal metastases of melanoma, which was made possible by GFP expression. These models should facilitate future studies of the mechanism and therapy of bone and multiorgan metastasis of melanoma.
authors.affiliation: AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California 92111, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Baranov
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al-Tuwaijri
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chishima
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Moossa
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Hoffman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D006801:Humans; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008545:Melanoma / Q000473:pathology*; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000473:pathology*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D014162:Transfection; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins