title: Attenuated additional hypocapnic constriction, but not hypercapnic dilation, of spinal pial arterioles during spinal ropivacaine.
abstract: Ropivacaine constricts spinal vessels. Because the CO2 response of spinal vessels is similar to that of cerebral vessels, we tested to see if hypocapnia would cause further spinal vasoconstriction during ropivacaine administration. In 12 pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs, spinal pial arteriolar diameter was measured using a closed spinal window preparation. Either ropivacaine solution (0.1%; n = 6) or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (n = 6) was infused continuously into the spinal window. After a period of hypocapnia (Paco2, 20-25 mm Hg) had been induced, inspired CO2 levels were adjusted to produce normocapnia (35-40 mm Hg) followed by hypercapnia (55-60 mm Hg). When the desired Paco2 was reached, measurements were made of the arteriolar diameter and physiological variables. During normocapnia, ropivacaine infusion produced a significant constriction of pial arterioles, whereas artificial cerebrospinal fluid caused no change. Hypocapnia induced a much smaller (almost nonexistent) additional vasoconstriction in the ropivacaine group than in the control group (P < 0.01). The final hypercapnic vasodilation was somewhat greater during ropivacaine (P < 0.05 versus control group). Topical ropivacaine induced no change in hemodynamic variables. We conclude that hypocapnia of the magnitude tested did not cause further constriction in spinal vessels during spinal ropivacaine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  During topical application of the local anesthetic ropivacaine in dogs, hypocapnia (Paco2, 20-25 mm Hg) induced almost no additional constriction of spinal arterioles, and the hypercapnic vasodilation was maintained. These data suggest that an additional constriction in spinal vessels is unlikely when hypocapnia occurs during spinal ropivacaine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu City, Japan. iida@cc.gifu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iida
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohata
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iida
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagase
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dohi
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000577:Amides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000502:physiology; D004285:Dogs; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006935:Hypercapnia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016857:Hypocapnia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010313:Partial Pressure; D010841:Pia Mater / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000187:drug effects; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000187:drug effects; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D010100:Oxygen