title: Release of nitric oxide from endothelial cells stimulated by YC-1, an activator of soluble guanylyl cyclase.
abstract: 1 In this study we examined the endothelium-dependent effect of YC-1 - a benzyl indazole derivative which directly activates soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) - on vascular relaxation and nitric oxide (NO) and guanosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic GMP) in endothelial cells. 2 In preconstricted rat aortic rings with intact endothelium, YC-1 produced a concentration-dependent relaxation. However, the concentration response curve was shifted rightward to higher concentrations of YC-1, when (i) the aortas were pre-treated with L-NG-nitroarginine methylester (L-NAME) or (ii) the endothelium was removed. 3 Incubation of bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) with YC-1 produced a concentration-dependent NO synthesis and release as assessed using a porphyrinic microsensor. Pre-incubating cells with L-NAME or with 8-bromo-cyclic GMP decreased this effect indicating that the YC-1 stimulation of NO synthesis is due to an activation of nitric oxide synthase, but not to an elevation of cyclic GMP. No direct effect of YC-1 on recombinant endothelial constitutive NO synthase activity was observed. 4 The YC-1 stimulated NO release was reduced by 90%, when extracellular free calcium was diminished. 5 In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), YC-1 stimulated intracellular cyclic GMP production in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Stimulation of cyclic GMP was greater with a maximum concentration of YC-1 compared to calcium ionophore A23187. Similar effects were observed in BAEC and rat microvascular coronary endothelial cells (RMCEC). 6 When HUVEC and RMCEC were pre-treated with L-NG-nitroarginine (L-NOARG), the maximum YC-1 stimulated cyclic GMP increase was reduced by >/=50%. 7 These results indicate, that beside being a direct activator of sGC, YC-1 stimulates a NO-synthesis and release in endothelial cells which is independent of elevation of cyclic GMP but strictly dependent on extracellular calcium. The underlying mechanism needs to be determined further.
authors.affiliation: Hoechst Marion Roussel, Frankfurt/M., Germany. paulus.wohlfart@hmrag.com
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wohlfart
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Malinski
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ruetten
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schindler
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Linz
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schoenafinger
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Strobel
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wiemer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000001:Calcimycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007191:Indazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007476:Ionophores / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000187:drug effects; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D019335:Nitroarginine / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012995:Solubility; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007191:Indazoles; D007476:Ionophores; C090937:3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole; D019335:Nitroarginine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000001:Calcimycin; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D001920:Bradykinin; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester