title: Endoscopic cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea repair: is a lumbar drain necessary?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the necessity for lumbar drains during endoscopic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea repair.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-three patients underwent endoscopic repair of CSF rhinorrhea without a lumbar drain during a 7-year period. The size of the dural defect ranged from a microleak (less than 1 mm dural defect) to a 3-cm dural defect of the anterior skull base.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All of the procedures in patients with smaller defects (<5 mm) were performed on an outpatient basis. Thirty-two patients (97%) had complete resolution of their CSF leak after 1 procedure without any recurrence (average follow-up 29 months).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A lumbar drain is not routinely necessary for successful closure of CSF rhinorrhea of any size. Smaller dural defects may be safely performed on an outpatient basis without complications.
authors.affiliation: University of Miami School of Medicine, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Casiano
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jassir
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002559:Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea / Q000601:surgery*; D004322:Drainage; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome