title: Gasless laparoscopy under epidural anesthesia for adnexal cysts during pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate laparoscopic adnexal cystectomy during pregnancy using an open technique with a whole abdominal wall-lift method under epidural anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven cases of adnexal cysts during pregnancy were resected using a gasless laparoscopic (extracorporeal) method with a whole abdominal wall-lift. We performed this procedure without using general anesthesia or CO2 pneumoperitoneum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All operations were performed successfully without complications. All patients resumed normal activity within one week. The subsequent antenatal courses of the patients were uneventful. There were no severe complications during the operations or postoperative courses. Six patients had vaginal deliveries of normal infants at term. No abnormal findings were found in the antenatal course of patient 7 until 30 weeks of gestation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on our limited experience, this procedure may be safe.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie Prefectural Shima Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Futamura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takubo
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Toyoda
mesh_terms: D000291:Adnexal Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D000328:Adult; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural; D003560:Cysts / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000601:surgery*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D016896:Treatment Outcome