title: Dynamic changes in sensitivity occur during the acute response to cocaine and methylphenidate.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We have previously shown that during the acute response to amphetamine, a stimulant that released dopamine, behavioral sensitivity to the drug undergoes dynamic changes, as evident in the altered behavioral profile expressed to the subsequent administration of a low dose of the drug.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present studies were designed to determine if these dynamic changes in sensitivity occur with amphetamine-like stimulants that act primarily by blocking dopamine uptake.
  
  
  METHODS
  Groups of animals were primed with 40 mg/kg cocaine or 30 mg/kg methylphenidate, then during the acute response, a low, locomotor-stimulant dose of amphetamine (1.5 mg/kg) was administered to probe for changes in sensitivity. Conversely, to determine whether the manifestation of the increased responsivity is idiosyncratic to amphetamine, animals were also primed with amphetamine (4 mg/kg), then probed with low doses of cocaine (10 and 20 mg/kg) or methylphenidate (10 mg/kg). Parallel microdialysis studies were performed to assess the caudate-put-amen and nucleus accumbens extracellular dopamine responses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Priming with the uptake blockers each resulted in a stereotypy response to the subsequent low-dose amphetamine probe. Likewise, after priming with amphetamine, the uptake blockers each induced a pronounced stereotypy response. In each case, these changes in behavioral responsivity were expressed in the absence of corresponding changes in the probe-induced regional dopamine responses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dynamic changes in behavioral sensitivity during the response to acute stimulant administration are a characteristic common to both dopamine releasers and uptake blockers. These rapid changes in sensitivity may contribute to the behaviors associated with binge patterns of drug abuse.
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry Department (0603), UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla 92093, USA. rkuczenski@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kuczenski
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Segal
mesh_terms: D000661:Amphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D002421:Caudate Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003042:Cocaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017551:Microdialysis; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D009714:Nucleus Accumbens / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011699:Putamen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013239:Stereotyped Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D008774:Methylphenidate; D000661:Amphetamine; D003042:Cocaine