title: Debilitating beliefs, emotional distress and quality of life in patients given immunotherapy for insect sting allergy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients who receive immunotherapy for systemic reaction to insect stings are told that once they reach maintenance dose they are almost 100% protected against future systemic reactions. However, we have observed that some patients continued to perceive themselves as highly debilitated by the allergy, and this perception had a significant impact on their quality of life.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To validate this clinical observation and to explore possible reasons for such an undesired psychological reaction.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group consisted of 97 patients who regularly attended an allergy outpatient clinic for venom immunotherapy, and who had been under medical surveillance for up to 8 years. They completed a questionnaire measuring debilitating beliefs, preoccupation with the systemic reaction event, emotional distress, perceived restriction by allergy, and perceived quality of life. We also recorded the duration of immunotherapy, physician-graded severity of the systemic reaction and the frequency at which immunotherapy was administered. The reference group consisted of patients who had not reached maintenance dose and were still at risk of recurrent systemic reactions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As many as one-third of the patients held self-imposed debilitating beliefs, were preoccupied with the systemic reaction event, perceived a moderate to severe impairment in their quality of life, and manifested symptoms of emotional distress. These psychological responses did not correlate with the immunotherapy dosage that had been reached. Patients who reached a full maintenance dose were doing no better psychologically than those in the reference group. Moreover, the length of time on immunotherapy did not result in attenuation of the psychological responses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates for the first time, the long-lasting psychological impact of a threatening systemic reaction. It suggests a need for intervention aimed at dispelling patients' unfounded and persisting debilitating beliefs.
authors.affiliation: Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Meir Hospital, Kfar Sava, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Confino-Cohen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Melamed
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goldberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001514:Bee Venoms / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D003888:Desensitization, Immunologic / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D006969:Hypersensitivity, Immediate / Q000276:immunology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D007299:Insect Bites and Stings / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D001514:Bee Venoms