title: Semirational design of a potent, artificial agonist of fibroblast growth factor receptors.
abstract: Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are being investigated in human clinical trials as treatments for angina, claudication, and stroke. We designed a molecule structurally unrelated to all FGFs, which potently mimicked basic FGF activity, by combining domains that (1) bind FGF receptors (2) bind heparin, and (3) mediate dimerization. A 26-residue peptide identified by phage display specifically bound FGF receptor (FGFR) 1c extracellular domain but had no homology with FGFs. When fused with the c-jun leucine zipper domain, which binds heparin and forms homodimers, the polypeptide specifically reproduced the mitogenic and morphogenic activities of basic FGF with similar potency (EC50 = 240 pM). The polypeptide required interaction with heparin for activity, demonstrating the importance of heparin for FGFR activation even with designed ligands structurally unrelated to FGF. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of engineering potent artificial agonists for the receptor tyrosine kinases, and have important implications for the design of nonpeptidic ligands for FGF receptors. Furthermore, artificial FGFR agonists may be useful alternatives to FGF in the treatment of ischemic vascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Chiron Corporation, 4560 Horton St., Room 4.4144, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Ballinger
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Shyamala
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Forrest
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deuter-Reinhard
authors.forename: L V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Doyle
authors.forename: J X
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Panganiban-Lustan
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Stratton
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Apell
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Doyle
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Kavanaugh
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D019281:Dimerization; D015195:Drug Design; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D006493:Heparin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D011485:Protein Binding; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000235:genetics*; D017468:Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor / Q000819:agonists* / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D017468:Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D006493:Heparin