title: Results of heterotopic parathyroid autotransplantation: a 13-year experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The reported success of heterotopic parathyroid autotransplantation (HPA) in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism varies from 20% to 60%. The purpose of this study was to evaluate our results with HPA to help define its role in this patient group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between July 1985 and June 1998, 44 patients underwent 51 HPA procedures at our institution. Twenty to 25 fragments of parathyroid tissue measuring 1 to 3 mm3 each were placed into the forearm musculature. HPA results were scored as nonfunctional (requiring calcium and vitamin D), partially functional (normocalcemia on calcium alone), fully functional (normocalcemia without supplementation), or hyperfunctional (hypercalcemia without supplementation).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Follow-up data were available for 39 patients who underwent 46 autografts (20 immediate and 26 cryopreserved). With a median follow-up of 35 months, 19 autografts (41%) were nonfunctional; 9 autografts (20%) were partially functional; 15 autografts (33%) were fully functional, and 3 autografts (7%) were hyperfunctional. Full function was observed in 35% of immediate and 31% of delayed autografts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One third of parathyroid autografts develop full function, and an additional one fifth develop partial function. Recurrent hyperparathyroidism is uncommon. No benefit was observed from immediate versus delayed HPA, and the modest success rate of HPA suggests that improvements in technique are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Surgical Metabolism Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. 20892, USA.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Sharaf
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Skarulis
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Bartlett
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Libutti
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Weinstein
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Marx
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Norton
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Fraker
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Alexander
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D006961:Hyperparathyroidism / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018761:Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 / Q000601:surgery; D010280:Parathyroid Glands / Q000637:transplantation*; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D010282:Parathyroid Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D016105:Parathyroidectomy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D016042:Transplantation, Heterotopic; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D002118:Calcium