title: Crystal structure of Escherichia coli PurE, an unusual mutase in the purine biosynthetic pathway.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Conversion of 5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide (AIR) to 4-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide (CAIR) in Escherichia coli requires two proteins - PurK and PurE. PurE has recently been shown to be a mutase that catalyzes the unusual rearrangement of N(5)-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide (N(5)-CAIR), the PurK reaction product, to CAIR. PurEs from higher eukaryotes are homologous to E. coli PurE, but use AIR and CO(2) as substrates to produce CAIR directly.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 1.50 A crystal structure of PurE reveals an octameric structure with 422 symmetry. A central three-layer (alphabetaalpha) sandwich domain and a kinked C-terminal helix form the folded structure of the monomeric unit. The structure reveals a cleft at the interface of two subunits and near the C-terminal helix of a third subunit. Co-crystallization experiments with CAIR confirm this to be the mononucleotide-binding site. The nucleotide is bound predominantly to one subunit, with conserved residues from a second subunit making up one wall of the cleft.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The crystal structure of PurE reveals a unique quaternary structure that confirms the octameric nature of the enzyme. An analysis of the native crystal structure, in conjunction with sequence alignments and studies of co-crystals of PurE with CAIR, reveals the location of the active site. The environment of the active site and the analysis of conserved residues between the two classes of PurEs suggests a model for the differences in their substrate specificities and the relationship between their mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
authors.forename: I I
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Mathews
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Kappock
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stubbe
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Ealick
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002262:Carboxy-Lyases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000737:chemistry*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011487:Protein Conformation; D011687:Purines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D011687:Purines; D002262:Carboxy-Lyases; C022378:phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase