title: Varying the protein source in mixed meal modifies glucose, insulin and glucagon kinetics in healthy men, has weak effects on subjective satiety and fails to affect food intake.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the influence of three dietary protein types (casein, gelatin, soy protein) on satiety and food intake, at two levels of loading (total energy of test meals: 3.6 or 1.8 MJ).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study employed a repeated measures design. Test meals were controlled for energy, macronutrients, fiber and palatability, and contained about 23% energy as protein (of which about 65% was experimentally manipulated). Postprandial subjective satiety and hunger, plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon were assessed for 8 h, and energy and macronutrient intakes were monitored for 24 h.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine healthy normal-weight men.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No effect of the type of protein on 24 h energy and macronutrient intakes was observed despite a significant effect of protein source on the kinetics of peripheral metabolic responses (but only after 3.6 MJ lunches), and inconsistent effects on subjective hunger and satiety responses A casein-enriched lunch delayed glucose and insulin responses for 1.5 h, compared with soy protein, probably due to a lag in gastric emptying.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Varying the protein source in a mixed meal modifies glucose, insulin and glucagon kinetics in healthy men, but these variations in satiety-implicated factors have inconsistent effects on subjective satiety and fail to affect food intake.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Eridania Béghin-Say, Vilvoorde, Belgium and Association Nationale de la Recherche Technique, France (Convention CIFRE no 537/94).
authors.affiliation: INSERM U 341, Service de Diabétologie, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bellisle
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alamowitch
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Craplet
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Bornet
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Slama
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Guy-Grand
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology*; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D012528:Satiety Response / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D007328:Insulin; D005934:Glucagon