title: Gas chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric quantification of free 3-nitrotyrosine in human plasma at the basal state.
abstract: A fully validated gas chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric (GC-tandem MS) method for the accurate and precise quantification of free 3-nitrotyrosine in human plasma at the basal state is described. In the plasma of 11 healthy humans a mean concentration of 2.8 nM (range 1.4-4.2 nM) for free 3-nitrotyrosine was determined by this method. This is the lowest concentration reported for free 3-nitrotyrosine in plasma of healthy humans. The presence of endogenous free 3-nitrotyrosine in human plasma was unequivocally shown by generating a daughter mass spectrum. Various precautions had to be taken to avoid artifactual formation of 3-nitrotyrosine from nitrate during sample treatment. Endogenous plasma 3-nitrotyrosine and 3-nitro-l-[(2)H(3)]tyrosine added for use as internal standard were isolated by high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis of 200-microl aliquots of plasma ultrafiltrate samples (20 kDa cut-off), extracted from a single HPLC fraction by solid-phase extraction, derivatized to their n-propyl ester-pentafluoropropionyl amide-trimethylsilyl ether derivatives, and quantified by GC-tandem MS. Overall recovery was determined as 50 +/- 5% using 3-nitro-l-[(14)C(9)]tyrosine. The limit of detection of the method was 4 amol of 3-nitrotyrosine, while the limit of quantitation was 125 pM using 3-nitro-l-[(14)C(9)]tyrosine. 3-Nitrotyrosine added to human plasma at 1 nM was quantitated with an accuracy of > or = 80% and a precision of > or = 94%. The method should be useful to investigate the utility of plasma free 3-nitrotyrosine as an indicator of nitric oxide ((.)NO)-associated oxidative stress in vivo in humans.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schwedhelm
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tsikas
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Gutzki
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Frölich
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D003903:Deuterium; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012015:Reference Standards; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; D003903:Deuterium