title: A taxonomy for developing cultural competence.
abstract: This paper proposes a taxonomy to develop culturally competent practitioners. Arguments about what this might mean and how this could be achieved are discussed first, identifying problems with multicultural and antiracist approaches. The model follows the cognitive, emotional and behavioural levels of Steinaker and Bell's experiential taxonomy. Five elements are proposed: cultural awareness, cultural knowledge, cultural understanding, cultural sensitivity and cultural competence. These could address, in increasingly sophisticated and increasingly praxis-oriented ways, issues of power and the construction of meanings and identities which go beyond essentialist notions of ethnicity.
authors.affiliation: School of Health Studies, University College of Worcester, UK.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lister
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards*; D018864:Cultural Diversity; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D019359:Knowledge; D016294:Models, Nursing; D015402:Nursing Education Research; D015397:Program Evaluation; D009626:Terminology as Topic; D016746:Transcultural Nursing / Q000193:education* / Q000458:organization & administration*