title: Torque Production Using Handwheels of Different Size During a Simulated Valve Operation Task.
abstract: Opening and closing valves in industrial facilities often requires operators to use bars and wrenches as levers (cheaters) in order to overcome initial actuation forces. In order to determine more appropriate operational specifications, the maximum torque production capability was measured when 12 male participants used 4 different valve handwheels at 3 different heights and 2 different angles (in relationship to the coronal plane). The results indicate that the participants produced significantly greater torque when the largest of the 4 wheels (40.6 cm diameter) was used than when the medium (22.9 cm), small (20.3 cm), and handled (17.8 cm) handwheels were used. Although the main effect of heights was found to be statistically significant, post-hoc analyses between the heights found them to be, essentially, equal. In addition, the vertical and horizontal wheel orientations were not found to be different. The results are applicable to all industries where handwheels are used and applicable to valve manufacturers for designing operational torque specifications below the values found in this study.
authors.affiliation: a University of Houston , USA.
authors.forename: Lawrence J H
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Schulze
authors.affiliation: a University of Houston , USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.affiliation: a University of Houston , USA.
authors.forename: Anupam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: a University of Houston , USA.
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stanton
authors.affiliation: a University of Houston , USA.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Woods