title: Associative learning impairments in patients with frontal lobe damage.
abstract: The performance of 18 frontal lobe lesion (FL) and 10 frontal lobe dementia (FLD) patients on an associative memory test was compared with the performance of their matched normal controls. The FL group was severely impaired on cued and free recall and was moderately impaired on a recognition condition. Left FL patients performed the poorest on the cued and free recall conditions. The FLD patients were moderately impaired on the free recall condition only but there was a subgroup of FLD patients with additional left temporal atrophy who appeared severely impaired on both cued and free recall. These findings indicate that both left frontal and temporal lobe damage can impair associative learning and that this impairment is more strikingly seen with free rather than cued recall.
authors.affiliation: Cognitive Neuroscience Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1440, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dimitrov
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Granetz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hollnagel
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grafman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001245:Association Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D003463:Cues; D003704:Dementia / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D011939:Mental Recall; D008875:Middle Aged; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology; D014888:Wechsler Scales