title: Syndromes of bilateral symmetrical polymicrogyria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A number of anatomicoclinical syndromes have been described in which bilateral symmetrical polymicrogyria is the underlying morphologic abnormality. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical, epileptic, and morphologic manifestations of bilateral symmetrical polymicrogyria in 21 patients to determine whether certain areas are at particular risk for these syndromes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical records and brain MR studies of 21 patients with bilateral symmetrical polymicrogyria were reviewed to confirm the presence and determine the location of polymicrogyria and to qualitatively correlate location with developmental, neurologic, and epileptic histories. The locations we found were compared with published reports of bilateral symmetrical polymicrogyria to determine whether these locations were random or whether predilections exist for certain areas.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis revealed six patients with bilateral frontal polymicrogyria, nine with bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria, one with bilateral parietal polymicrogyria, one with bilateral parasagittal parieto-occipital polymicrogyria, two with bilateral frontal polymicrogyria and bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria, one with bilateral perisylvian and bilateral parasagittal parieto-occipital polymicrogyria, and one with bilateral perisylvian, bilateral parieto-occipital, and bilateral parasagittal parieto-occipital polymicrogyria. Symptom complexes were non-specific, but seemed additive according to the regions of brain involved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bilateral symmetrical polymicrogyria has a propensity to develop in specific regions of the cerebral cortex. When the regions are extensive, the areas involved often appear to be simple topological additions of those regions. These locations and the identification of several familial cases raise the possibility that genetic mechanisms influence the development of these malformations in some patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco 94143, USA.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Barkovich
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hevner
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guerrini
mesh_terms: D001925:Brain Damage, Chronic / Q000151:congenital* / Q000175:diagnosis; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007223:Infant; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013577:Syndrome