title: Glycerol attenuates the adherence of leukocytes in rat pial venules after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion.
abstract: Intravenous infusion of glycerol has been used in patients with a cerebral infarction, expecting improvement in brain edema and cerebral blood flow (CBF). However, the mechanism of the improvement of CBF has not been clearly demonstrated. The aim of this study in the rat pial microvasculature after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) is to examine the effects of glycerol on leukocyte-endothelium interaction, which plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of brain injury by ischemia/reperfusion and concerns induction of secondary brain damage. Rhodamine 6G-labeled leukocytes at the brain surface were visualized with intra-vital fluorescence videomicroscopy through a closed cranial window and an analysis was made of the number of adherent leukocytes and the centerline leukocyte velocity in the venule before MCAO, after reperfusion of MCAO and after infusion of glycerol (Group 1) or saline (Group 2). The number of adherent leukocytes decreased and the centerline leukocyte velocity increased statistically significantly immediately after the infusion of glycerol in Group 1, but there was no significant change in Group 2. The infusion of glycerol washes away the adherent leukocytes and prevents them from interfering with the blood cell and plasma flow. Furthermore, secondary brain damage may be relieved by decreasing the adherence of leukocytes. In conclusion, modulating the adherence of leukocytes is one of the important factors in the neuroprotective effect of glycerol.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Saitama National Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sekizuka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Inamasu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawase
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001831:Body Temperature; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D002550:Cerebral Veins / Q000166:cytology; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005990:Glycerol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D008297:Male; D010841:Pia Mater / Q000098:blood supply; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014699:Venules / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D005990:Glycerol