title: Synergistic roles of neuregulin-1 and insulin-like growth factor-I in activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway and cardiac chamber morphogenesis.
abstract: Cardiac chamber morphogenesis requires the coordinated growth of both cardiac muscle and endocardial cell lineages. Paracrine growth factors may modulate the coordinated cellular specification and differentiation during cardiac chamber morphogenesis, as suggested by the essential role of endothelial-derived growth factors, neuregulin-1, and insulin-like growth factor-I. Using the whole mouse embryo culture system for delivery of diffusible factors into the cardiac chamber, neuregulin-1 was shown to promote trabeculation of the ventricular wall. Another factor, insulin-like growth factor-I, had no apparent effect by itself. Combined treatment with neuregulin-1 and insulin-like growth factor-I strongly induced DNA synthesis of cardiomyocytes and expansion of both the ventricular compact zone and the atrioventricular cushions leading to chamber growth and maturation. In cultured cardiomyocytes, combined neuregulin-1 and insulin-like growth factor-I also had a synergistic effect to promote DNA synthesis and cellular growth, which were prevented by wortmannin, an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Adenoviral delivery of dominant negative Rac1, which acts downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, blocked the effect of combined neuregulin-1/insulin-like growth factor-I treatment. These studies support the concept that the interaction of neuregulin-1 and insulin-like growth factor-I pathways plays an important role in coordinating cardiac chamber morphogenesis and may occur through convergent activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase.
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Diego/Salk Program in Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0613, USA.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Hertig
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kubalak
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Chien
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine / Q000378:metabolism; D002455:Cell Division; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D006321:Heart / Q000196:embryology*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009024:Morphogenesis; D020890:Neuregulin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D020890:Neuregulin-1; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D004247:DNA; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one