title: Diagnostic pitfalls of breath-hold MR urography in obstructive uropathy.
abstract: Breath-hold MR urography (MRU) is being used with increasing frequency to evaluate urinary tract pathology. Although multiple studies have documented the accuracy of breath-hold MRU in the evaluation of obstructive uropathy, pitfalls associated with this technique may result in diagnostic errors. This essay illustrates both technical and interpretive pitfalls of MRU and suggests strategies for their recognition and avoidance.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Radiologic Sciences, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario G. Martino-Gazzi, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gaeta
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Blandino
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Scribano
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mazziotti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Figuera
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Minutoli
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pandolfo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D003951:Diagnostic Errors; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006869:Hydronephrosis / Q000175:diagnosis; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012119:Respiration; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000175:diagnosis; D014556:Urine; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*