title: Clinical management of a quadruplet pregnancy combining a triplet pregnancy with a classical hydatidiform mole: case report and review of literature.
abstract: A 28-year-old Taiwanese woman who had received ovulation induction by clomiphene citrate (CC), follicular-stimulating hormone (FSH), and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) treatment was diagnosed with a quadruplet pregnancy containing a hydatidiform mole and three fetuses at nine weeks' gestation. Expectant management failed to achieve any viable neonate due to massive antepartum haemorrhage and preterm delivery at 25 weeks' gestation. Five other cases previously reported involving quadruplets or triplets with a complete hydatidiform mole and two or three fetuses are reviewed. All cases ended as premature non-viable fetuses. Analysis of the clinical features, management, and outcome both in our patient and these reports suggest that more efficacious treatment planning, such as selective feticide, should be considered in order to improve the likelihood of attaining an advanced gestational age for a single fetus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, No. 5, Fuhsing Street, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan 333, Republic of China.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Y K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Soong
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous; D000328:Adult; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006828:Hydatidiform Mole / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000188:drug therapy; D010062:Ovulation Induction / Q000009:adverse effects; D011247:Pregnancy; D011252:Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011272:Pregnancy, Multiple; D014310:Triplets; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*