Amplification of signaling activity of the arc two-component system of Escherichia coli by anaerobic metabolites. An in vitro study with different protein modules.
In Escherichia coli, changes in redox condition of growth are sensed and signaled by the Arc two-component system. This system consists of ArcB as the membrane-associated sensor kinase and ArcA as the cytoplasmic response regulator. ArcB is a tripartite kinase, possessing a primary transmitter, a receiver, and a secondary transmitter domain that catalyzes the phosphorylation of ArcA via a His --> Asp --> His --> Asp phosphorelay, as well as the dephosphorylation of ArcA-P by a reverse phosphorelay. When ArcA and ArcB were incubated with ATP, the peak levels of phosphorylated proteins increased in the presence of the fermentation metabolites D-lactate, acetate, or pyruvate. In this study, we report that these effectors accelerate the autophosphorylation activity of ArcB and enhance the transphosphorylation of ArcA, but have no effect on the dephosphorylation of ArcA-P. Moreover, the presence of the receiver domain of ArcB is essential for the effectors to influence the autophosphorylation rate of the primary transmitter domain of ArcB.
Georgellis
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Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Kwon
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Lin
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EC
D000085:Acetates / Q000378:metabolism; D000693:Anaerobiosis; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000502:physiology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D005285:Fermentation; D006639:Histidine / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D007773:Lactates / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011494:Protein Kinases; D011773:Pyruvates / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D015398:Signal Transduction
D000085:Acetates; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D007773:Lactates; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011773:Pyruvates; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C041610:arcA protein, E coli; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D006639:Histidine; D011494:Protein Kinases; C065271:arcB protein, E coli; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases