title: Evaluation of the middle and inner ear structures: comparison of hybrid rendering, virtual endoscopy and axial 2D source images.
abstract: Recent developments in 3D reconstructions can enhance the quality and diagnostic value of axial 2D image data sets with direct benefits for clinical practice. To show the possible advantages of a hybrid rendering method [color-coded 3D shaded-surface display (SSD)- and volume rendering method] with the possibility of virtual endoscopy we have specifically highlighted the use in relation to the middle and inner ear structures. We examined 12 patients with both normal findings and postoperative changes, using image data sets from high-resolution spiral computed tomography (HRSCT). The middle and inner ear was segmented using an interactive threshold interval density volume-growing method and visualized with a color-coded SSD rendering method. The temporal bone was visualized using a transparent volume rendering method. The 3D- and virtual reconstructions were compared with the axial 2D source images. The evaluated middle and inner ear structures could be seen in their complete form and correct topographical relationship, and the 3D- and virtual reconstructions indicated an improved representation and spatial orientation of these structures. A hybrid and virtual endoscopic method could add information and improve the value of imaging in the diagnosis and management of patients with middle or inner ear diseases making the understanding and interpretation of axial 2D CT image data sets easier. The introduction of an improved rendering algorithm aids radiological diagnostics, medical education, surgical planning, surgical training, and postoperative assessment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Eberhard-Karls University of Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Strasse 3, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Seemann
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Seemann
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bonél
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suckfüll
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Englmeier
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Naumann
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Reiser
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D019929:Cochlear Implantation / Q000295:instrumentation; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D004427:Ear Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D007758:Ear, Inner / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D004432:Ear, Middle / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D015588:Observer Variation; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene; D013201:Stapes Surgery; D013701:Temporal Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014584:User-Computer Interface
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene