title: Training opportunities in liver transplantation surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Liver transplantation surgery is carried out in only a few selected centres in the UK. This study was performed with a view to identifying potential training opportunities available for the general and specialist higher surgical trainee, and also to assess the outcome following liver transplant surgery according to the grade of the surgeon performing the procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on 111 liver transplants with caval preservation undertaken consecutively in a single unit during a 32-month period were collected and analysed. The transplant procedures were grouped into those performed by consultants and those performed by supervised trainees. Survival was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. The Cox regression model was used to examine the influence of grade of the surgeon on survival. chi2 and independent sample t tests were used to identify significant preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Trainees carried out 34 recipient hepatectomies (31 per cent), 47 implant procedures (42 per cent) and all 143 retrieval operations. The mean time taken by a supervised trainee to carry out a recipient hepatectomy and implantation was 183 and 44 min compared with 165 and 46 min for a consultant (P = 0. 22 and P = 0.44 respectively). The mean intraoperative red cell requirement was 8 units for both consultants and trainees (P = 0.85). The overall patient survival rate was 88 per cent at 3 years and the grade of the surgeon made no difference to survival or the occurrence of complications (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The outcome following liver transplantation with caval preservation did not differ according to the grade of the surgeon performing the procedure. Extensive training opportunities are available to learn hepatobiliary and vascular surgical techniques in liver transplantation surgery.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Surgery and Scottish Liver Transplant Unit, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Praseedom
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Madhavan
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Akyol
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Forsythe
authors.forename: O J
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Garden
mesh_terms: D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D006113:United Kingdom