title: Two ftsH-family genes encoded in the nuclear and chloroplast genomes of the primitive red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae.
abstract: The red algal chloroplast genome encodes an essential prokaryotic cell division gene, ftsH, which has never been found in the mitochondrial genome of any organism. To compare the conserved prokaryote-derived mechanism for mitochondrial division with that of chloroplasts, we cloned chloroplast- and nuclear-encoded ftsH genes from the primitive red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae. The deduced amino-acid sequence of chloroplast ftsH (ftsHcp) consists of 603 amino acids and shows the highest similarity with algal-chloroplast and cyanobacterial FtsH. On the other hand, the nuclear-encoded ftsH (ftsH2) encodes a protein of 920 amino acids and has the highest similarity with two yeast mitochondrial FtsHs, Rca1p and Afg3p. Furthermore, the amino-terminal extension of FtsH2 appears to be an amphipathic alpha-helix, a characteristic mitochondrial targeting signal, suggesting that FtsH2 is a mitochondrial protein. Southern hybridization revealed that ftsH2 is a single gene located on chromosome III of the 17 C. merolae chromosomes. The level of expression of the 3.0 and 4.0 kb transcripts of this gene decreased in concert during the organelle division phase of a synchronized culture, indicating a cell-cycle-dependent manner of ftsH2 transcription, while northern hybridization did not detect ftsHcp transcripts. Nevertheless, reverse transcription-PCR and immunoblotting demonstrated for the first time that chloroplast-encoded ftsH is transcriptionally and translationally active. Overproduction of FtsHcp and FtsH2 in Escherichia coli disrupted cytokinesis and produced filamentous cells, but had no effect on the replication, segregation, or distribution of their nucleoids, as also occurs in ftsH-deficient E. coli. These observations suggest the possible involvement of both C. merolae FtsHs in organelle division.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Japan.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyagishima
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuroiwa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuroiwa
mesh_terms: D049069:ATP-Dependent Proteases; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics*; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000235:genetics*; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D018628:Gene Dosage; D017343:Genes, Plant; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D000461:Rhodophyta / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D049069:ATP-Dependent Proteases; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D018744:DNA, Plant; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C513383:FtsH protein, E coli; C402651:AT2G30950 protein, Arabidopsis