title: Dermal exposure assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: in vitro percutaneous penetration from lubricating oil.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Percutaneous penetration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is affected by various factors connected to exposure conditions. The nature of the matrix, such as that of oil, can strongly affect their percutaneous penetration. Risk assessment should consider these effects. We examined the effect of matrix on percutaneous penetration of PAHs, particularly that of lubricating oil.
  
  
  METHODS
  The test apparatus consisted of an in vitro static diffusion cell system using full-thickness monkey (Cercopithecus aetiops) skin as the membrane and saline solution with gentamycin sulfate and 4% bovine serum albumin as receptor fluid. Chemical analysis of PAHs in the samples obtained from cells was carried out by inverse-phase HPCL, and the results were read by spectrofluorimetry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparing the penetration of 13 PAHs from a lubricating oil and from acetone solution with artificial sweat resulted in a significantly slower passage from the oil matrix for acenaphthene, anthracene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, naphthalene, pyrene, fluorene (Mann-Whitney U test, P < 0.05). No significant differences in the passage were found for chrysene because, in the test with oil, its concentration was very often below the detection limit. For benzo[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, and benzo[a]pyrene it was possible to demonstrate a passage through the skin only when compounds were applied in acetone solution with artificial sweat.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the study suggest the necessity of dermal penetration data relevant for risk assessment, obtained under experimental conditions similar to the real exposure conditions.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Medicina del Lavoro, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via dei Tufi 1, I-53100 Siena, Italy. sartorelli@unisi.it
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sartorelli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cenni
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Matteucci
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Montomoli
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Novelli
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Palmi
mesh_terms: D000096:Acetone / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D007219:Industrial Oils / Q000032:analysis*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000502:physiology*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013542:Sweat / Q000737:chemistry; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D000096:Acetone