title: Isolated limb perfusion with tumour necrosis factor-alpha and melphalan with or without interferon-gamma for the treatment of in-transit melanoma metastases: a multicentre randomized phase II study.
abstract: This open, multicentre, randomized phase II trial was conducted to determine the effect of isolated limb perfusion (ILP) with tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) in combination with melphalan with or without interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) in patients with in-transit metastases of melanoma of the limbs (MD Anderson stage IIIA or IIIAB, AJCC stage III). The 64 patients included were randomized to receive either a two- drug regimen consisting of TNFalpha and melphalan (TM-ILP) or a three-drug regimen consisting of TNFalpha, melphalan and INFgamma (TIM-ILP). Patients randomized to receive IFNgamma were pretreated for 2 days before the ILP with once daily 0.2 mg IFNgamma subcutaneously and also received the same amount of IFNgamma during ILP. A total of 47 complete responses (73%) were reported, 22 (69%) of which occurred in the TM-ILP group and 25 (78%) in the TIM-ILP group; the difference was not significant. The 14 partial responses (22%) were split evenly between the treatment groups. In the TM-ILP group, two cases of stable disease and one case of progressive disease were reported. The overall response rate (complete plus partial responses) was 100% in the TIM-ILP group and 91% in the TM-ILP group, yielding an overall response of 95% for this study. In the historical control data, where 103 patients had received melphalan alone (M-ILP), there were 54 records of complete responses (52%) and 80 of complete or partial responses (78%). The median survival time estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method was 819 days for the TM-ILP group, > 705 days for the TIM-ILP group and 873 days for the combined study population; estimates for time to local progression or recurrence were 327 days, in excess of 498 days and 405 days, respectively. The corresponding figure for the historical controls was 338 days. These data suggest that TNFalpha associated with melphalan may be superior to melphalan alone for ILP.
authors.affiliation: Centre Pluridisciplinaire d'Oncologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liénard
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Eggermont
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Koops
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kroon
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Towse
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hiemstra
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schmitz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Steinmann
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rosenkaimer
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Lejeune
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D010478:Chemotherapy, Cancer, Regional Perfusion; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005121:Extremities; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary; D008558:Melphalan / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012008:Recurrence; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D008558:Melphalan