title: The expression of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and receptors in human endometrium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the temporal and spatial expression of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and GM-CSF alpha and beta receptor mRNA and protein in human endometrium.
  
  
  METHODS
  The endometrial expression of GM-CSF and GM-CSF receptor mRNA and protein was determined using competitive quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (Q-RT-PCR), in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Endometrium expresses GM-CSF and GM-CSF alpha receptor mRNA with maximal expression occurring during the mid-secretory phase (21.1 +/- 4.2 and 32.2 +/- 7.7 x 10(6) mRNA copies/microg total RNA) compared to the proliferative phase (1.46 +/- 0.4 and 7.5 +/- 0.5 x 10(6) copies) of the menstrual cycle, with a significant reduction (0.67 +/- 0.1 and 1.7 +/- 0.2 x 10(6) mRNA copies) during the post-menopausal period (P < 0.05). The endometrium expresses a significantly lower level of GM-CSF beta receptor mRNA (approximately 0.01 x 10(5) mRNA copies). Endometrial luminal and glandular epithelial cells are the primary site of GM-CSF mRNA and protein expression, while arteriole endothelial, stromal, and inflammatory cells are the primary site of GM-CSF alpha receptor protein. GM-CSF beta receptor protein has a similar cellular distribution as GM-CSF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Temporal and spatial expression of GM-CSF and GM-CSF receptors in human endometrium during the menstrual cycle suggests that epithelial-derived GM-CSF in an autocrine/paracrine manner may influence various endometrial biological activities, local inflammatory response, and macrophage survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chegini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004717:Endometrium / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008875:Middle Aged; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D016187:Receptors, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016187:Receptors, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor