title: Laser-tissue interaction with a high-power 2-microm fiber laser: preliminary studies with soft tissue.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent developments in fiber laser technology have introduced highly efficient, compact sources with high output beam quality. The first laser-tissue interaction studies with a high-power 2-microm fiber laser were conducted.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chicken breast and porcine muscle tissue samples were subjected to continuous wave (cw) irradiation at 800-mW and 5-W output power levels, with spot sizes of approximately 150 microm. After laser irradiation, samples were inspected with an optical microscope and prepared for histologic processing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Evaluation of surface changes in tissue samples indicated an interaction similar in nature to those previously demonstrated with other cw lasers, but with photothermal ablation characteristics typical of strongly absorbed lasers operating in the infrared wavelength region. An ablation velocity of 0.27 mm.sec(-1) in porcine tissue was determined at 800-mW incident power. Histopathologic analysis demonstrated the formation of lesions with minimal damage at boundaries and no evidence of carbonization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results indicate that this fiber laser has the potential to fulfill applications in the medical field.
authors.affiliation: Laser Photonics Research Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom. mp@fs4.ph.man.ac.uk
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Pierce
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Dickinson
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: King
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology; D007259:Infrared Rays; D007834:Lasers; D008954:Models, Biological; D009132:Muscles / Q000293:injuries / Q000528:radiation effects*; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000473:pathology; D013552:Swine