title: Changes in cross-sectional measurements of the spinal canal and intervertebral foramina as a function of body position: in vivo studies on an open-configuration MR system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate physiologic changes of the cross-sectional area of the spinal canal and neural foramina in young asymptomatic volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve asymptomatic volunteers were examined in a 0.5-T open-configuration MR system. T2-weighted fast spin-echo sequences were obtained in upright neutral, upright flexed, upright extended, and supine extended positions. The cross-sectional area of the spinal canal and the thickness of the ligamentum flavum were measured on angled axial images at the L4-L5 level. The anteroposterior diameter of the spinal canal and cross-sectional areas of the neural foramina were measured on sagittal images from L1 to S1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At disk level, the cross-sectional area of the spinal canal varied significantly between body positions, most notably between the upright flexed (mean, 268 mm2) and the upright extended (mean, 224 mm2) positions (p < .0001). The maximum thickness of the ligamenta flava increased in the extended positions (p < .0001). The cross-sectional area of the neural foramina underwent position-dependent variations of as much as 44.4%. The smallest cross-sectional areas were found in the extended positions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In asymptomatic volunteers, MR imaging is able to show position-dependent changes in the cross-sectional areas of the spinal canal and the intervertebral foramina. The extended positions best reveal important findings.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stucki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Duewell
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wildermuth
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Romanowski
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hodler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D011187:Posture; D012016:Reference Values; D013115:Spinal Canal / Q000033:anatomy & histology*