title: Gender and intra-observer agreement about laryngoscopy of papilloma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The gender of the observer may bias data.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Compare the intra-observer agreements of male and female pediatric otolaryngologists about videotaped images of laryngeal papilloma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five male and six female pediatric otolaryngologists independently viewed videotapes of ten children undergoing treatment for laryngeal papilloma. Each of 12 anatomic sites was categorized as disease present, absent, or indeterminate. Each observer estimated the percent overall airway obstruction. 5-24 weeks later, each observer repeated his/her assessments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean intra-observer agreements for both male and female pediatric otolaryngologists were good, and identical (kappa 0.63; proportion of positive agreement 0.82; proportion of negative agreement 0.72). Females more frequently categorized a site as indeterminate. Males more frequently categorized a site oppositely on repeat assessment. The males' indeterminate/opposite ratio was less than that of the females' (P = 0.03). Intra-observer estimates of overall airway obstruction have wide variability: for male pediatric otolaryngologists, differences exceeding 30% are significant; for females, 40%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Male and female pediatric otolaryngologists had equally good and identical intra-observer kappa scores and proportions of positive and negative agreement. However, males used the indeterminate category less than did the females, and males more often gave an opposite categorization at the second viewing session. Estimates of overall airway obstruction have much intra-observer variability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Behar
authors.forename: N W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Todd
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D007828:Laryngoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D010212:Papilloma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012008:Recurrence; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014741:Video Recording