title: Breast tumor characteristics as predictors of mammographic detection: comparison of interval- and screen-detected cancers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although mammographic screening is useful for detecting early breast cancer, some tumors are detected in the interval between screening examinations. This study attempted to characterize fully the tumors detected in the two different manners.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our study utilized a case-control design and involved a cohort of women undergoing mammographic screening within the defined population of a health maintenance organization (the Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound). Women were classified as having "interval" or "interval-detected" cancers (n = 150) if their diagnosis was made within 24 months after a negative-screening mammogram or one that indicated a benign condition. Cancers were classified as "screen detected" (n = 279) if the diagnosis occurred after a positive assessment by screening mammography. Tumors from women in each group were evaluated for clinical presentation, histology, proliferative characteristics, and expression of hormone receptors, p53 tumor suppressor protein, and c-erbB-2 protein.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interval-detected cancers occurred more in younger women and were of larger tumor size than screen-detected cancers. In unconditional logistic regression models adjusted for age and tumor size, tumors with lobular (odds ratio [OR] = 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.9-4.2) or mucinous (OR = 5.5; 95% CI = 1.5-19.4) histology, high proliferation (by either mitotic count [OR = 2.9; 95% CI = 1.5-5.7] or Ki-67 antigen expression [OR = 2.3; 95% CI = 1.3-4.1]), high histologic grade (OR = 2.1; 95% CI = 1.2-4.0), high nuclear grade (OR = 2.0; 95% CI = 1.0-3.7), or negative estrogen receptor status (OR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.0-3.1) were more likely to surface in the interval between screening examinations. Tumors with tubular histology (OR = 0.2; 95% CI = 0.0-0.8) or with a high percentage of in situ components (50%) (OR = 0.5; 95% CI = 0.2-1.2) were associated with an increased likelihood of screen detection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data from a large group of women in a defined population indicate that screening mammography may miss tumors of lobular or mucinous histology and some rapidly proliferating, high-grade tumors.
authors.affiliation: Program in Cancer Biology, Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. pporter@fhcrc.org
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.forename: A Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: El-Bastawissi
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Mandelson
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khalid
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Watney
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cousens
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taplin
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D016015:Logistic Models; D008327:Mammography; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers