title: Association between the C825T polymorphism of the G protein beta3-subunit gene and hypertension in blacks.
abstract: A polymorphism (C825T) of the G protein beta3-subunit gene has been associated with low renin hypertension in whites. The aim of this study was to examine the C825T polymorphism in relation to hypertension in a population-based study of black people of African origin who have high prevalence of low renin, salt-sensitive hypertension. A total of 428 men and women, aged 40 to 59 years (270 Caribbeans and 158 West Africans), who took part in a population-based survey were studied. All were blacks and first-generation immigrants. The C825T polymorphism was detected by polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction-enzyme digestion. The prevalence of hypertension (supine blood pressures >/=160 systolic and/or 95 mm Hg diastolic or on drug therapy) was 43%. The distribution of the genotypes (CC, CT, and TT) was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with observed frequencies of 4.0% (n=17), 33.6% (n=144), and 62.4% (n=267), respectively. Allele frequencies were 20.8% for C and 79.2% for T. No difference was detected between Caribbeans and West Africans. A 3-fold higher risk of hypertension was found among the carriers of the T variant both as heterozygotes (odds ratio [OR], 3.43 [95% CI, 0.94 to 12.4]) and homozygotes (OR, 3.87 [95% CI, 1. 09 to 13.8]). The estimate of effect and the blood pressure values in the groups carrying the T variant suggested a dominant model for the T allele. This was confirmed by a significant association between the T allele and hypertension (OR, 3.71 [95% CI, 1.05 to 13. 1]), even when adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index (OR, 4.14 [95% CI, 1.11 to 15.4]). The study shows, for the first time, a high frequency of the 825T allele in black people, and it provides evidence that the T allele may be a susceptibility factor for the development of hypertension in blacks. Given the high frequency of the T allele, even a 2-fold increased risk of hypertension among the carriers of the T allele might account for 44% of the cases of hypertension in blacks.
authors.affiliation: Blood Pressure Unit, Department of Medicine, St George's Hospital Medical School, London, UK.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Sagnella
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: F P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Cappuccio
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000349:Africa / Q000208:ethnology; D000483:Alleles; D044383:Black People / Q000235:genetics*; D017691:Caribbean Region / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005787:Gene Frequency; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D008131:London; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017354:Point Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D015995:Prevalence
chemical_list: D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins