Pro-oxidating properties of melatonin in the in vitro interaction with the singlet oxygen.
In an aqueous system, the oxidation of the erythrocyte membrane by the singlet oxygen formed during the photoactivation of the rose bengal coloring was examined. The effects of the singlet oxygen on lipids and proteins were studied through the simultaneous quantification of peroxidation products, lipoperoxides and carbonyl groups, the oxidation of protein SH groups and the activity of the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PD) associated with the erythrocyte membrane. The antioxidant activity of melatonin was tested and compared to that of two antioxidants in extreme cases of hydrosolubility, ascorbate and beta-carotene, with the purpose of comparing the protective ability of melatonin against singlet oxygen. The results show the expected effect even at low (0.125-0.75 mM; 0.015-0.90 mM, respectively) for ascorbate and beta-carotene, antioxidants known to possess important antioxidant qualities against singlet oxygen. It is shown that melatonin, under the conditions described, and at the concentrations at which the other two compounds are efficacious, not only confers little antioxidant protection, but that a pro-oxidant tendency was proven both on lipids and proteins, as well as on G3PD enzymatic activity. The results show that the antioxidant protective effect that melatonin can exert on biological systems is probably not by a direct interaction with oxidant species, but probably, as has been previously proposed, through the regulation of antioxidant defense systems. The formation of secondary oxidation products, such as melatonin-derived endoperoxides, may explain the evidence found on pro-oxidant qualities of this molecule.
Medina-Navarro
R
R
Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades, Colonia Roma, México DF.
Duran-Reyes
G
G
Hicks
J J
JJ
D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D004910:Erythrocyte Membrane / Q000737:chemistry*; D005954:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008550:Melatonin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008563:Membrane Lipids / Q000097:blood; D009243:NAD / Q000097:blood; D016877:Oxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood*; D010777:Photochemistry; D012395:Rose Bengal / Q000737:chemistry; D026082:Singlet Oxygen; D012995:Solubility; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000097:blood; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000494:pharmacology
D000975:Antioxidants; D008563:Membrane Lipids; D016877:Oxidants; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D019207:beta Carotene; D009243:NAD; D026082:Singlet Oxygen; D012395:Rose Bengal; D005954:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; D008550:Melatonin; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D010100:Oxygen