title: A 1997-1998 national surveillance study: Moraxella catarrhalis and Haemophilus influenzae antimicrobial resistance in 34 US institutions.
abstract: From November 1, 1997 to April 30, 1998, 726 Moraxella catarrhalis isolates and 1529 Haemophilus influenzae isolates were obtained from 34 medical centres throughout the United States. Rates of beta-lactamase production were 94.6% among M. catarrhalis and 31.1% among H. influenzae strains. Susceptibility rates of M. catarrhalis isolates to selected antimicrobial agents were greater than 99% for amoxycillin-clavulanate, cefixime, cefpodoxime, cefuroxime, cefaclor, loracarbef, clarithromycin, azithromycin, chloramphenicol and tetracycline, 97.8% for cefprozil, 50.4% for trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole and 28.1% for ampicillin. Of the antimicrobials tested against H. influenzae, the only agents with susceptibility rates below 96% were loracarbef (87.6%), cefprozil (83.4%), cefaclor (82.7%), trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (67.3%) and ampicillin (64.7%). The clarithromycin susceptibility rate was 67.4% but this agent was not tested in the presence of its 14-OH metabolite.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City 52242, USA.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Brueggemann
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Huynh
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Rhomberg
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Wingert
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Flamm
authors.forename: G V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Doern
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000382:microbiology*; D003625:Data Collection; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D005260:Female; D006192:Haemophilus Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D001936:Moraxella catarrhalis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016870:Neisseriaceae Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D014481:United States; D018440:beta-Lactam Resistance
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents