title: Evaluation of the infant at risk for neurodevelopmental disability.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Infants with neurodevelopmental abnormality need to start therapy early, and because of this they should be detected as soon as possible. Currently, no widely accepted method of early evaluation exists.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess and compare, in terms of predicting neurodevelopmental outcome at 1 year of age: (i) a perinatal risk rating (PRR); (ii) the Dubowitz Neurological Assessment (DNA); and (iii) the Infant Neuromotor Assessment (INA).
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective neurodevelopmental follow-up study on graduates from the Groote Schuur Hospital (GSH) neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of 130 consecutive NICU graduates were selected according to high-risk criteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Each infant was examined at term gestational age on the DNA before discharge, and a PRR was allocated. Study infants were seen again at 18 weeks of age when an INA was done, and at 1 year of age a Griffiths Developmental Assessment and full neurological examination was carried out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All of the 130 infants assessed at term were seen at 18 weeks. Thereafter 5 were lost to follow-up and 2 died. The outcome for the remaining 123 is known.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prediction of a normal outcome at 1 year of age was 96% on the DNA and 98% for the PRR, but for an abnormal outcome they predicted only 56% and 42%, respectively. The INA done at 18 weeks predicted a normal outcome at 1 year in 99% of cases if 3 or less abnormal signs were present and an abnormal outcome in 82% of cases with 4 or more abnormal signs. Based on these findings a protocol for follow-up of these high-risk infants is suggested.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town.
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Molteno
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Buccimazza
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Magasiner
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Hann
mesh_terms: D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D008297:Male; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity