title: Endoscopic lithotripsy with the holmium:YAG laser.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The holmium:YAG (Ho:YAG) laser can be used not only for soft tissue but also for hard tissue such as urinary calculi. The objective of this study was to assess the usefulness of the Ho:YAG laser for endoscopic lithotripsy in patients with urinary tract stone. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIASL AND METHODS: Of 102 procedures performed among 96 patients, 88 were transurethral ureterolithotripsy (TUL), seven were percutaneous nephrolithotripsy, and seven were transurethral cystolithotripsy. Six patients had bilateral stones. The fragments were reduced as much as possible with the Ho:YAG laser.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The efficacy rate of the 102 lithotripsy procedures was 93%. With respect to the effect of TUL, the efficacy rates of 40 procedures for the proximal ureter, 18 procedures for the midureter, and 30 procedures for the distal ureter were 85%, 94%, and 100%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Ho:YAG laser produced a sufficiently strong lithotripsy force on all stones. The results of this study indicate that lithotripsy of urinary tract stones with the Ho:YAG laser can achieve a clinical outcome equivalent to or exceeding that of pulsed dye laser lithotripsy. The Ho:YAG laser is a multipurpose laser and thus is a cost effective and very useful means for endoscopic lithotripsy of urinary tract stones.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume City 8300011, Japan. keimat@med.kurume-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuoka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iida
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshii
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tomiyasu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Noda
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017602:Lithotripsy, Laser / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000628:therapy*