title: Effect of intracerebral and subdural hematomas on energy-dependent transport across the blood-brain barrier.
abstract: Although both intracerebral and subdural hematomas induce brain edema, previous studies have indicated that they may have different cerebrovascular effects. Our own investigations have demonstrated that while subdural hematomas (SDH) are associated with ischemia this is not the case following intracerebral hematomas (ICH). Previous studies have demonstrated a decrease in energy-dependent transport of glutamine across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) following focal cerebral ischemia. The present study investigates this further by examining the effects of SDH, ICH, and intracerebral thrombin injections, an agent involved in ICH-induced injury, on blood to brain glutamine transport. The injection of 200 microL of blood into the subdural space induced a marked reduction in glutamine transport (Ki, influx rate constant) into the cerebral cortex at 4 and 24 h following SDH (sham, 105+/-4% of contralateral cortex; SDH 4 h, 63+/-5%, p<0.01; SDH 24 h, 47+/-12%, p<0.05). There were no significant changes in glutamine Ki in subcortical areas following SDH. Following ICH (200-microL clot); however, there were only modest decreases in glutamine Ki in subcortical areas (sham, 98+/-2% of right cortex; ICH 4 h, 91+/-5%, p<0.01; ICH 24 h, 91+/-2%, p<0.05). Intracerebral injection of thrombin (5U) had minimal effect on glutamine Ki, in subcortical areas, at 4 h and induced a modest decrease in transport at 24 h (sham, 98+/-2% of right cortex; thrombin 4 h, 98+/-2%; thrombin 24 h, 86+/-2%, p<0.05). The present studies demonstrate marked differences in the effects of ICH and SDH on BBB function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery (Neurosurgery), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-0532, USA. toshpat@umich.edu
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujisawa
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Schielke
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Hoff
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Betz
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Keep
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000502:physiology*; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005973:Glutamine / Q000187:drug effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006408:Hematoma, Subdural / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013917:Thrombin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D006490:Hemostatics; D005973:Glutamine; D013917:Thrombin