title: Pravastatin restored the infarct size-limiting effect of ischemic preconditioning blunted by hypercholesterolemia in the rabbit model of myocardial infarction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We tested to find out whether pravastatin restores the infarct size (IS)-limiting effect of ischemic preconditioning (IP) and if it has any effect on the IP-induced activation of adenosine producing enzyme ecto-5'-nucleotidase which plays a key role in the IP-induced cardioprotection.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The IS-limiting effect of IP is blunted by hypercholesterolemia. Recently, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors are shown to have direct cytoprotective effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rabbits were fed with a normal or cholesterol (1%) added diet with or without pravastatin (5 mg/kg/day) treatment. Infarct size was measured after 30 min occlusion and 3 h reperfusion of circumflex coronary artery with or without the IP procedure (5 min occlusion and 10 min reperfusion). Additionally, ecto-5'-nucleotidase activities of ischemic and nonischemic myocardium were measured immediately after IP procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This dose of pravastatin did not normalize the increased level of serum cholesterol. The IS-limiting effect of preceding IP (IS reduced from 36.7% to 9.6%, p < 0.001) was abolished by hypercholesterolemia (from 46.1% to 31.3%, p = NS) and restored by pravastatin treatment (from 35.2% to 9.4%, p < 0.001). Pravastatin treatment did not affect IS or the effect of IP under normocholesterolemia. The activation of ecto-5'-nucleotidase presented as the activity ratio of ischemic to nonischemic myocardium (3.1-fold in normocholesterolemia) was blunted by hypercholesterolemia (1.8-fold, p < 0.05) and restored by pravastatin treatment (2.9-fold).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pravastatin, at the dose serum cholesterol was not normalized, restored the IS-limiting effect of IP and IP-induced ecto-5'-nucleotidase activation, which were both blunted by hypercholesterolemia. The activation of ecto-5'-nucleotidase may be worth further investigation as a possible mechanism for the hypercholesterolemia-induced retardation and pravastatin-mediated restoration of the cardioprotective effect of IP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kitakaze
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Komamura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Minamino
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Asanuma
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuzuya
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hori
mesh_terms: D015720:5'-Nucleotidase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000633:toxicity; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D019157:Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000201:enzymology / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D017035:Pravastatin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011817:Rabbits; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol; D015720:5'-Nucleotidase; D017035:Pravastatin