title: Methodologic issues in assessing risk factors for epilepsy in an epidemiologic study in India.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test a field questionnaire for epilepsy risk factors in rural India.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Case-control studies are necessary to plan appropriate prevention and intervention strategies against epilepsy but difficult to mount in developing countries for various logistic and cultural reasons. Recent studies have proposed nutritional and infective risk factors not reported in Western studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  A structured questionnaire including known and putative risk factors was administered to parents of 61 children with epilepsy and 59 randomly selected population control subjects in rural West Bengal. ORs of effect were calculated using a multiple logistic regression model with 95% CIs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Socioeconomic status, febrile convulsions, and reproductive history were easily assessable. Ages, dates, and some proxy infection markers were unreliable. Febrile convulsions were an independent risk factor (OR 6.45; 95% CI, 1.45 to 28.66). Associations with family history and infective symptoms were suggested. No association was demonstrated with socioeconomic status or reproductive factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Known risk factors were confirmed, and novel factors were suggested. A retrospective questionnaire does not allow accurate study of infective exposures. Greater statistical power is needed to study weaker associations and interacting effects.
authors.affiliation: Neurosciences Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK.
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Pal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001925:Brain Damage, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003906:Developing Countries; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003294:Seizures, Febrile / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology