title: The impact of spinal cord injury on men's time use.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite evidence of the relationship between time use and health and well-being, and the World Health Organization's recognition of activity limitation as a measure of dis-ability, there has been limited investigation into the activity patterns of persons with disabilities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Interviews and time diaries to provide preliminary descriptive and analytical information about the daily time use patterns of men with a spinal cord injury (SCI) living in the community (n=312) compared with the time use data of able-bodied men (n=3617) collected as part of the 1992 Canadian General Social Survey. The study also examined relationships between time use by men with SCI and selected factors (severity of disability and socioeconomic status).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistically different time use patterns between the SCI and able-bodied subjects. The men with spinal cord injury spent on average 7.2 h in leisure activities (able-bodied men=6.0 h); 4.7 (7.7) h in productivity; 3.7 (2.3) h in personal care; and 8.5 (8.0) h sleeping. The SCI men's lesser productivity time was accounted for largely by the lack of time spent in paid work. The average time use of the SCI sample showed the most time spent in passive leisure pursuits such as watching TV and listening to the radio. The sample rated their satisfaction with their time use as mediocre, but levels of adjustment to disability were moderate to high. Regression analysis revealed that severity of disability (lesion level, functional independence, environment) did not predict the amount of time spent in personal care, productivity, leisure, or sleep. Socioeconomic status had a mild predictive relationship with time allocation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest men with SCI are socially isolated relative to their able-bodied peers. Recommendations are made and include both methodological considerations for further time use studies with persons with SCI, and policy recommendations. The latter focus on the need for rehabilitation, education and resources that go beyond functional independence such that persons with SCI can expand both their leisure and productivity roles and become better socially and economically integrated into society.
authors.affiliation: Division of Occupational therapy, School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pentland
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Walker
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology*; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D007899:Leisure Activities / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors