title: Age of initiation, smoking patterns, and risk in a population of working adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Early age of initiation is a significant risk factor for long-term dependent smoking and may also relate to other unhealthy behaviors and increased likelihood of illness, independent of duration of smoking.
  
  
  METHODS
  The current study assessed age of initiation in relation to cigarette dependence, interest in quitting, social environment pertaining to smoking, behavioral risk factors, and current health problems. Subjects were 2120 current daily smokers in 24 worksites in the Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minnesota, metropolitan area.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Findings were surprisingly consistent with early age of initiation predicting more dependent smoking, less interest and confidence in ability to quit, poorer diet, less use of seat belts, more illness and hospitalization, and greater likelihood of smoking among partner/spouse, friends, and co-workers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The overall strength of the findings was unexpected. Early initiation of regular smoking predicted a significant constellation of risk factors throughout adulthood. Interventions that significantly delay smoking onset, even in the absence of permanent prevention, could have important public health implications.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454-1015, USA. Lando@epi.umn.edu
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Lando
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Thai
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Jeffery
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Sherwood
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hennrikus
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008910:Minnesota / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D012931:Social Environment; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology; D017132:Workplace