title: Testicular sperm extraction: impact of testicular histology on outcome, number of biopsies to be performed and optimal time for repetition.
abstract: Testicular sperm extraction (TESE) may not always be successful in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia, as they only have minute foci of active spermatogenesis from which a tiny number of spermatozoa can be extracted. The aim of this study was to find the percentile incidence of successful TESE in non-obstructive azoospermia patients in relation to various histopathological patterns and the number of performed biopsies, and to determine the optimal time needed for repetition. A total of 216 patients underwent bilateral testicular biopsy taking a single piece from each testis for sperm retrieval and pathological evaluation. In another 100 patients, the same procedure was done but taking multiple samples (maximum four samples/testis). Spermatozoa were successfully retrieved from 37.5 and 49% of patients who supplied single and multiple samples respectively. TESE was significantly higher when multiple samples were taken in all histopathological groups except for Sertoli cell-only syndrome, tubular sclerosis and Klinefelter's pattern. Twenty-seven patients underwent repeated TESE for ICSI between 1 and 24 months from the first procedure; all of them had easy sperm retrieval during the first procedure. Although sperm retrieval was successful in 75 and 94.7% of patients who underwent the second attempt, before and after 3 months respectively, a second TESE was usually more difficult and necessitated multiple sampling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Andrology, Cairo University Hospitals and Adam International Clinic, 20 Aden Street, Mohandessin, Giza, Egypt.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amer
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Haggar
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moustafa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Abd El-Naser
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zohdy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008297:Male; D009845:Oligospermia / Q000473:pathology; D019233:Retreatment; D013048:Specimen Handling; D013094:Spermatozoa; D013737:Testis / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome