title: The history and the future of teaching and training of laparoscopic surgery in Hungary.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laparoscopic biliary surgery was introduced in Hungary at the end of the 1990. A variety of experimental training and teaching courses had been performed in basic techniques and the human field, which was followed by laparoscopic biliary surgery and various advanced fields.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To review the history of teaching and training of laparoscopic surgery in Hungary in both the experimental and the human field, and to draw the consequences of this experience.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a period of 6 years 704 qualified surgeons received a full hands--on hands experimental training in laparoscopic biliary surgery, laparoscopic advanced surgery, laparoscopic gynaecologic and laparoscopic urology surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The courses performed in the first and the second phase were of theoretical and practical components. The theoretical knowledge was based with emphasise to the new instruments and equipment, the indications, the new surgical technique. The practical knowledge gave every participant the full time to acquire this new type of surgery. At the end of the courses the successful participants received certificates to shift for training to the human field. Each institution needs to wrestle with issues concerning credentialling in advanced laparoscopic surgery. Like many technical skills, proficiency is maintained through repetition. A philosophy must be developed to determine whether each surgeon will perform this highly specialised type of surgery or whether it will be considered a general skill.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Surgery, Debrecen University of Medicine, Hungary.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Furka
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Gamal
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mikó
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Metzger
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sándor
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rózsa
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kiss
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000266:history; D003479:Curriculum; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing / Q000266:history; D004509:Education, Nursing, Continuing; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education* / Q000266:history; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures / Q000266:history; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D006814:Hungary; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000266:history; D008297:Male; D013663:Teaching; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000266:history