title: Inflammation markers in nasal lavage, and nasal symptoms in relation to relocation to a newly painted building: a longitudinal study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is a need to evaluate possible health effects of ventilation improvements and emissions from new buildings, in longitudinal studies. New methods to study biological effects on the eyes and upper airways are now available.
  
  
  METHODS
  A longitudinal study was performed on 83 trained social workers in two offices in Uppsala, Sweden. The exposed group (n = 57) moved to a newly redecorated building nearby. Low emitting building material had been used, including a new type of solvent-free water-based paint. The control group (n = 26) worked in the same office during the study period (November 1995 to February 1996). Hygiene management was carried out in both offices, at the beginning and the end of the investigation. Tear film stability (BUT) was measured. Nasal patency was measured by acoustic rhinometry, and eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP), myeloperoxidase (MPO), lysozyme and albumin were analyzed in nasal lavage fluid (NAL).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The relocation resulted in an increase in the personal outdoor airflow rate from 11 to 22 l/s. Indoor concentrations of terpenes were higher in the new building, and powdering of the new linoleum floor was observed. Measurements showed low levels of volatile organic compounds (VOC), formaldehyde, carbon dioxide (CO(2)), nitrogen dioxide, respirable dust, and microorganisms in the air of all buildings. The move resulted in an increased nasal patency and an increase of ECP and lysozyme in NAL, after adjusting for changes in the control group. No changes were observed for nasal or ocular symptoms. A seasonal effect, with a decrease of ECP, was observed in the control group. CONCLUSSION A well-ventilated office building can be redecorated without any major ocular or nasal effects, or measurable increase of indoor air pollution if low-emitting building materials are selected. In agreement with previous evidence, the improved ventilation flow may explain the increase of nasal patency. The increase of ECP and lysozyme in NAL suggested an inflammatory effect in the new building. Since this building had increased ventilation flow, increased concentrations of terpenes, and powdering from the polish on the new linoleum floor, identification of causative agents was difficult. The hygiene measures did not give any evidence that emissions from the new type of solvent-free water-based paints or building dampness were responsible for the observed nasal effects. Considering the higher emissions of VOC reported from older types of water-based latex paints and solvent-based wall paints, the new type of solvent-free water-based paint seems to be a good choice from the hygiene point of view.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, S-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden. gunilla.wieslander@occmed.uu.se
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wieslander
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Norbäck
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wålinder
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Erwall
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Venge
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis*; D000418:Albumins / Q000032:analysis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D047091:Eosinophil Granule Proteins; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000032:analysis; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009113:Muramidase / Q000032:analysis; D017817:Nasal Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology*; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D010150:Paint / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000032:analysis; D012221:Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D012260:Ribonucleases; D018877:Sick Building Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D014691:Ventilation / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D000418:Albumins; D015415:Biomarkers; D001798:Blood Proteins; D047091:Eosinophil Granule Proteins; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D009195:Peroxidase; D012260:Ribonucleases; D009113:Muramidase