title: Estradiol accelerates extinction of lithium chloride-induced conditioned taste aversions through its illness-associated properties.
abstract: Estradiol accelerates extinction of LiCl-induced conditioned taste aversions when it is present during a period that starts 2-3 days after acquisition and extends throughout extinction (before and during extinction). It has been suggested that estradiol acts before, not during, extinction and that its effect on extinction is associated with its illness-inducing properties. This hypothesis is based on previous work which shows an attenuation of conditioned taste aversion learning when rats are exposed to illness-inducing agents during a period that starts 2 days after acquisition and ends 2 days before extinction trials are initiated. Four experiments were designed to test elements of this hypothesis. The first two experiments demonstrated that if an estradiol-filled Silastic capsule is implanted before extinction of a LiCl-induced aversion, when the conditioned taste is not present, it accelerates extinction, but if it is implanted during extinction, when the conditioned taste is present, it prolongs extinction. The third experiment showed that the same dose of estradiol that accelerates extinction of a LiCl-induced aversion was effective in producing a conditioned taste aversion when it was present for 18 h after consumption of a novel sucrose solution. The fourth experiment indicated that serum levels of estradiol were elevated during the 18 h. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the acceleration of extinction by estradiol is associated with its illness-inducing properties. It is suggested that estradiol acts on neural areas that mediate illness information and that one of these areas, the area postrema is necessary for estradiol to accelerate extinction of a LiCl-induced aversion.
authors.affiliation: University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90089, USA.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Chambers
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001058:Apomorphine / Q000494:pharmacology; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003214:Conditioning, Classical / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004326:Drinking / Q000187:drug effects; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005108:Extinction, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D018021:Lithium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced*; D010052:Ovariectomy; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D013395:Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D013649:Taste / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004958:Estradiol; D013395:Sucrose; D018021:Lithium Chloride; D001058:Apomorphine