title: Cell-matrix adhesions differentially regulate fascin phosphorylation.
abstract: Cell adhesion to individual macromolecules of the extracellular matrix has dramatic effects on the subcellular localization of the actin-bundling protein fascin and on the ability of cells to form stable fascin microspikes. The actin-binding activity of fascin is down-regulated by phosphorylation, and we used two differentiated cell types, C2C12 skeletal myoblasts and LLC-PK1 kidney epithelial cells, to examine the hypothesis that cell adhesion to the matrix components fibronectin, laminin-1, and thrombospondin-1 differentially regulates fascin phosphorylation. In both cell types, treatment with the PKC activator 12-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA) or adhesion to fibronectin led to a diffuse distribution of fascin after 1 h. C2C12 cells contain the PKC family members alpha, gamma, and lambda, and PKCalpha localization was altered upon cell adhesion to fibronectin. Two-dimensional isoelectric focusing/SDS-polyacrylamide gels were used to determine that fascin became phosphorylated in cells adherent to fibronectin and was inhibited by the PKC inhibitors calphostin C and chelerythrine chloride. Phosphorylation of fascin was not detected in cells adherent to thrombospondin-1 or to laminin-1. LLC-PK1 cells expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fascin also displayed similar regulation of fascin phosphorylation. LLC-PK1 cells expressing GFP-fascin S39A, a nonphosphorylatable mutant, did not undergo spreading and focal contact organization on fibronectin, whereas cells expressing a GFP-fascin S39D mutant with constitutive negative charge spread more extensively than wild-type cells. In contrast, C2C12 cells coexpressing S39A fascin with endogenous fascin remained competent to form microspikes on thrombospondin-1, and cells that expressed fascin S39D attached to thrombospondin-1 but did not form microspikes. Blockade of PKCalpha activity by TPA-induced down-regulation led to actin association of wild-type fascin in fibronectin-adherent C2C12 and LLC-PK1 cells but did not alter the distribution of S39A or S39D fascins. The association of fascin with actin in fibronectin-adherent cells was also evident in the presence of an inhibitory antibody to integrin alpha5 subunit. These novel results establish matrix-initiated PKC-dependent regulation of fascin phosphorylation at serine 39 as a mechanism whereby matrix adhesion is coupled to the organization of cytoskeletal structure.
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom. dmcbjca@ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Clelland
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Collett
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Matsumura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamashiro
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000378:metabolism; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D007797:Laminin / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008840:Microfilament Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D051571:Protein Kinase C-alpha; D012694:Serine / Q000737:chemistry; D013552:Swine; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D019700:Thrombospondin 1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D005353:Fibronectins; D007527:Isoenzymes; D007797:Laminin; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D019700:Thrombospondin 1; C121346:laminin 1; C020324:fascin; D012694:Serine; C496630:Prkca protein, mouse; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D051571:Protein Kinase C-alpha; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate