title: Measurement of range of motion in individuals with mental retardation and with or without Down syndrome.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess differences in variability of three joints' range of motion in the lower extremity among individuals with Down syndrome, mentally retarded individuals without Down syndrome, and sedentary subjects without mental retardation (ns = 13, 25, and 30, respectively). Range of motion for hip and knee flexion was obtained using a Myrin goniometer. For hip abduction the range of motion was obtained using a double protractor goniometer (Brodin type). Three test repetitions were carried out, and the greatest value was recorded. As no significant differences were found between left and right sides for each motion, the average was used to represent the range of motion. The Down syndrome group had significantly higher mean range of motion in hip flexion than the mentally retarded group. No significant differences in mean range of motion were found between Down syndrome and sedentary groups, but a significant difference was observed between the control and mentally retarded groups. In hip abduction, the Down syndrome group showed significantly higher mean range of motion than the control and mentally retarded groups. The control group had significantly a higher mean range of motion than the mentally retarded group. No significant differences were found in knee flexion between the two mentally disabled groups, but significant differences in mean range of motion were found between each of the two groups of mentally retarded individuals and the control group. Because differences exist in mean range of motion between the two mentally disabled groups, individualized and differentiated training programs to improve flexibility must be designed based on the type of handicap.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece. angelopo@phed.auth.gr
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Angelopoulou
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tsimaras
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Christoulas
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mandroukas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001827:Body Height; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D015897:Comorbidity; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology