title: Primary antiphospholipid syndrome associated with pernicious anaemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether there is an association between pernicious anaemia and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen patients with pernicious anaemia and 11 patients with iron deficiency anaemia (controls) were evaluated for clinical parameters of thrombosis and/or the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies, antinuclear antibodies or lupus anticoagulant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One asymptomatic patient with pernicious anaemia had laboratory features suggestive of the antiphospholipid syndrome. An additional three patients in each group had slightly elevated antiphospholipid antibody concentrations, within one standard deviation of the normal range.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The association between pernicious anaemia and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome is rare and evaluation should be guided by clinical indications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Meir Hospital, Kfar Saba and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elis
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Savin
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Manor
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kitay
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lishner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000752:Anemia, Pernicious / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid / Q000032:analysis; D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid