title: Distribution of lipid-soluble antioxidants in lipoproteins from healthy subjects. I. Correlation with plasma antioxidant levels and composition of lipoproteins.
abstract: The concentration of five lipid-soluble antioxidants (gamma- and alpha-tocopherol, lycopene, beta-carotene and ubiquinol-10) was measured in plasma and very low-density, low-density and high-density lipoproteins (VLDL, LDL and HDL) isolated from young healthy normo- cholesterolemic subjects. Alpha-tocopherol was the exclusive antioxidant whose plasma concentration significantly correlated with the absolute concentration of total cholesterol (r =0.541, P<0.001). No correlation was found between plasma concentration and lipoprotein content of alpha-tocopherol and ubiquinol-10, whereas it reached statistically significant values for gamma-tocopherol, lycopene and beta-carotene. The alpha-tocopherol content in VLDL and HDL, but not in LDL, was strictly associated with the relative abundance of cholesterol and phospholipids in the lipoprotein particles. Moreover, the difference between alpha-tocopherol concentration in VLDL and LDL appeared to be strictly related to the differences in cholesterol, phospholipids and triglycerides. The percent distribution of the total plasma pool of antioxidant in each lipoprotein class revealed that gamma- and alpha-tocopherol were roughly equally distributed in LDL and HDL. On the other hand, lycopene, beta-carotene and ubiquinol-10 were preferentially sequestered in LDL. Finally, the absolute and relative concentration of alpha-tocopherol, but not that of other antioxidants, in HDL exhibited a statistically significant correlation with plasma HDL/LDL cholesterol ratio. These findings indicate that: (i) plasma concentrations of major lipid-soluble antioxidants are not always predictive of their levels in lipoproteins and that, within individual lipoprotein classes, (ii) the lipid composition, metabolism and relative plasma concentration may significantly affect their abundance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Novara, I-28100, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Perugini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bagnati
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cau
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bordone
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zoppis
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Paffoni
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Re
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Albano
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bellomo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000032:analysis; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000032:analysis; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL / Q000032:analysis; D000077276:Lycopene; D008297:Male; D014451:Ubiquinone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000097:blood; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D008074:Lipoproteins; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL; D019207:beta Carotene; D014451:Ubiquinone; D014810:Vitamin E; D002338:Carotenoids; C026663:ubiquinol-10; D000077276:Lycopene