title: Treatment of unresectable hepatic hilar malignancies with self-expanding metallic stents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study assesses the treatment of biliary obstruction in patients with hilar malignancies by metallic stents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one consecutive patients with unresectable malignant biliary obstruction at the hepatic hilum (Bismuth type II, III and IV) were treated with percutaneous transhepatic placement of self-expandable metallic endoprostheses. The endoprostheses were successfully inserted in all patients. In 12 patients all segments of the liver were drained and in 9 patients partial segments of the liver were drained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventeen patients (81%) showed relief from jaundice and could be freed of external drainage tubes. Ten patients (48%) showed no recurrent symptoms due to stent obstruction until death. Overall survival was 4.86+/-4.15 (mean+/-SD) months, stent patency was 3.76+/-3.64 months and comfort index representing a ratio of well-being was 70.5+/-38.3%. There was no significant difference in survival rate, stent patency or comfort index between the groups with complete and those with partial drainage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even in patients with complicated hepatic hilar biliary occlusions, internal drainage using metallic stents can relieve jaundice and leave patients free of external tubes with a comfortable quality of life.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Surgery, Chiba University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaiho
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ambiru
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Okuno
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nozawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nukui
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakajima
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy*; D002758:Cholangiography; D002780:Cholestasis, Intrahepatic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D015607:Stents; D015996:Survival Rate