title: Transmission of Babesia spp by the cattle tick (Boophilus microplus) to cattle treated with injectable or pour-on formulations of ivermectin and moxidectin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy of ivermectin and moxidectin to prevent transmission of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina by Boophilus microplus to cattle under conditions of relatively intense experimental challenge.
  
  
  METHODS
  Naive Bos taurus calves were treated with either pour-on or injectable formulations of either ivermectin or moxidectin and then exposed to larvae of B microplus infected with B bovis or larvae or adults of B microplus infected with B bigemina. One calf was used for each combination of haemoparasite, B microplus life stage, drug and application route.
  
  
  METHODS
  Groups of calves were treated with the test drugs in either pour-on or injectable formulation and then infested with B microplus larvae infected with B bovis or B bigemina. B bigemina infected adult male ticks grown on an untreated calf were later transferred to a fourth group of animals. Infections were monitored via peripheral blood smears to determine haemoparasite transmission.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cattle treated with either pour-on or injectable formulations of ivermectin and moxidectin became infected with B bovis after infestation with infected larvae. Similarly, larvae infected with B bigemina survived to the nymphal stage to transmit the haemoparasite to animals treated with each drug preparation. Cattle treated with pour-on formulations of ivermectin and moxidectin then infested with adult male ticks infected with B bigemina did not become infected with B bigemina whereas those treated with the injectable formulations of ivermectin and moxidectin did show a parasitaemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Injectable or pour-on formulations of ivermectin and moxidectin do not prevent transmission of Babesia to cattle by B microplus. Use of these drugs can therefore not be recommended as a primary means of protecting susceptible cattle from the risk of Babesia infection.
authors.affiliation: Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Tick Fever Research Centre, Wacol.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Waldron
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Jorgensen
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001096:Arachnid Vectors / Q000469:parasitology; D001403:Babesia / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001404:Babesiosis / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission*; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission*; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000302:isolation & purification; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect / Q000662:veterinary; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous / Q000662:veterinary; D007306:Insecticides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007559:Ivermectin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018942:Macrolides; D008297:Male; D013987:Ticks / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D016054:DNA, Protozoan; D007306:Insecticides; D018942:Macrolides; D007559:Ivermectin; C027837:moxidectin