title: Simultaneous determination of seven penicillins in muscle, liver and kidney tissues from cattle and pigs by a multiresidue high-performance liquid chromatographic method.
abstract: A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) was developed for determination of amoxicillin, penicillin G (benzylpenicillin), ampicillin, oxacillin, cloxacillin, nafcillin and dicloxacillin in muscle, liver and kidney tissues of pigs and cattle. The compounds were extracted in aqueous solution by precipitation of organic materials with a mixture of sulphuric acid and sodium tungstate. The extract was cleaned up by SPE on a divinylbenzene-co-N-vinylpyrrolidone polymeric sorbent. Further clean-up was performed by liquid-liquid partition with diethyl ether. The extract was derivatised with benzoic anhydride and 1,2,4-triazole mercury (II) reagent. Chromatography was performed by reversed-phase gradient HPLC on a C18 column with ultraviolet detection at 323 nm. The limits of detection estimated by a conservative model were in the range 8.9-11.1 microg/kg for amoxicillin, penicillin G, ampicillin, oxacillin, cloxacillin and nafcillin and 18.3-20.9 microg/kg for dicloxacillin. The mean recovery range was 66-77% for amoxicillin, 73-75% for penicillin G, 81-82% for ampicillin, 73-76% for oxacillin, 74-75% for cloxacillin, 66-72% for nafcillin and 58-65% for dicloxacillin.
authors.affiliation: Steins Laboratorium, Brørup, Denmark. lks@steins.dk
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Sørensen
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Snor
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Elkaer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hansen
mesh_terms: D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000032:analysis; D000667:Ampicillin / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D011232:Chemical Precipitation; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D003023:Cloxacillin / Q000032:analysis; D004009:Dicloxacillin / Q000032:analysis; D004355:Drug Stability; D007668:Kidney / Q000737:chemistry*; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry*; D009132:Muscles / Q000737:chemistry*; D009254:Nafcillin / Q000032:analysis; D010068:Oxacillin / Q000032:analysis; D010400:Penicillin G / Q000032:analysis; D010406:Penicillins / Q000032:analysis*; D011786:Quality Control; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013464:Sulfuric Acids; D013552:Swine; D017973:Tungsten Compounds
chemical_list: D010406:Penicillins; D013464:Sulfuric Acids; D017973:Tungsten Compounds; D009254:Nafcillin; C025399:sodium tungstate(VI); D000667:Ampicillin; D000658:Amoxicillin; D004009:Dicloxacillin; C033158:sulfuric acid; D003023:Cloxacillin; D010400:Penicillin G; D010068:Oxacillin