title: Auto-inhibition of Ets-1 is counteracted by DNA binding cooperativity with core-binding factor alpha2.
abstract: Auto-inhibition is a common transcriptional control mechanism that is well characterized in the regulatory transcription factor Ets-1. Autoinhibition of Ets-1 DNA binding works through an inhibitory module that exists in two conformations. DNA binding requires a change in the inhibitory module from the packed to disrupted conformation. This structural switch provides a mechanism to tightly regulate Ets-1 DNA binding. We report that the Ets-1 partner protein core-binding factor alpha2 (CBFalpha2; also known as AML1 or PEBP2) stimulates Ets-1 DNA binding and counteracts auto-inhibition. Support for this conclusion came from three observations. First, the level of cooperative DNA binding (10-fold) was similar to the level of repression by auto-inhibition (10- to 20-fold). Next, a region necessary for cooperative DNA binding mapped to the inhibitory module. Third, an Ets-1 mutant with a constitutively disrupted inhibitory module did not bind DNA cooperatively with CBFalpha2. Furthermore, two additional lines of evidence indicated that CBFalpha2 affects the structural switch by direct interactions with Ets-1. First, the retention of cooperative DNA binding on nicked duplexes eliminated a potential role of through-DNA effects. Second, cooperative DNA binding was observed on composite sites with altered spacing or reversed orientation. We suggest that only protein interactions can accommodate this observed flexibility. These findings provide a mechanism by which CBF relieves the auto-inhibition of Ets-1 and illustrates one strategy for the synergistic activity of regulatory transcription factors.
authors.affiliation: Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-5550, USA.
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Goetz
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Speck
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Graves
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D050676:Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D011485:Protein Binding; D011487:Protein Conformation; D050784:Proto-Oncogene Protein c-ets-1; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D050783:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D050676:Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050784:Proto-Oncogene Protein c-ets-1; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D050783:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets; D014157:Transcription Factors; D004247:DNA