title: Diversion of intestinal flow decreases the numbers of interleukin 4 secreting and interferon gamma secreting T lymphocytes in small bowel mucosa.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The intestinal immune system faces large amounts of antigens, and its regulation is tightly balanced by cytokines. In this study, the effect of intestinal flow diversion on spontaneous secretion of interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon (IFN)- gamma was analysed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight patients (two with Crohn's disease, four with ulcerative colitis, and two with previous colon cancer) carrying a double lumen small bowel stoma after a total colectomy procedure were included in the study. For each patient, eight biopsy samples were taken endoscopically from both the diverted and non-diverted part of the small bowel. Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) and lamina propria lymphocytes (LPLs) were isolated separately and assayed for numbers of cells spontaneously secreting IL-4 and/or IFN-gamma by an ELISPOT technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the non-diverted mucosa, a significant decrease in the number of spontaneously IFN-gamma secreting CD3 lymphocytes was observed in the diverted small bowel mucosa among both IELs (p = 0.008) and LPLs (p = 0.007). The same results, although less significant, were obtained for IL-4, especially in LPLs (p = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The intestinal content influences the spontaneous secretion of IFN-gamma and IL-4 by intestinal lymphocytes. These results could help to elucidate the anti-inflammatory role of split ileostomy in patients suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Erasme University Hospital, Free University of Brussels, Route de Lennik, 808, B-1070 Belgium.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schmit
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Van Gossum
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carol
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Houben
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mascart
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007081:Ileostomy; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000601:surgery; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology*; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma