title: Analysis of factors related to illegal tobacco sales to young people in Ontario.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify and to discuss factors influencing illegal merchant sales of tobacco to underage people in Ontario, Canada.
  
  
  METHODS
  Results were obtained through random retail compliance checks of tobacco merchants. A multivariate analysis specified the relationship between selected independent variables and the willingness of tobacco merchants to sell to minors. The selected independent variables included retail operation type, community population size, the presence of tobacco production, signage, sex and age of volunteers, smoking prevalence rates, and enforcement rates.
  
  
  METHODS
  A random, stratified sample of 438 tobacco retailers in 186 communities in Ontario.
  
  
  METHODS
  Willingness of merchants to sell tobacco to minors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Older youths and girls were more likely to be sold tobacco products. Purchase attempts carried out in tobacco-producing regions were also statistically related to illegal sales.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Policy efforts to control youth access to tobacco in Canada may need to invoke legislation requiring merchants to request proper identification from customers who appear to be under the age of 25, and who seek to purchase tobacco products. Further attention could also be directed at tobacco control policies and enforcement strategies that need to consider the unique challenges faced by jurisdictions where the tobacco industry is a powerful presence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: O'Grady
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asbridge
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Abernathy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000329:Advertising / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D002651:Child Advocacy / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009864:Ontario / Q000453:epidemiology; D010947:Plants, Toxic; D015995:Prevalence; D011897:Random Allocation; D014026:Nicotiana; D019460:Tobacco Industry / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*