title: Mammary lymphoscintigraphy with various radiopharmaceuticals in breast cancer.
abstract: Sentinel node biopsy (SNB) in breast cancer is a promising surgical technique that avoids unnecessary axillary lymph node dissection. To optimize lymphatic mapping with radiopharmaceuticals, mammary lymphoscintigraphy with 30-50 MBq of technetium-99m-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid human serum albumin (99mTc-HSAD), technetium-99m-human serum albumin (99mTc-HSA), or technetium-99m-tin colloid (99mTc-TC) were investigated in 69 cases of primary breast cancer. Dynamic early images were obtained during the first 30 or 40 minutes, and static delayed images were obtained 6 hours after tracer injection. Hot spots as sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) appeared in 51 of 69 cases (74%): in early images in 27 cases and in delayed images in 24 cases. SLNs were visualized more frequently in 23 of the 26 cases (88%) treated with 99mTc-HSAD and in 21 of the 24 cases (88%) treated with 99mTc-HSA than in only 7 of the 19 cases (37%) treated with 99mTc-TC. In 26 of the 51 cases, SLNs were identified as faint spots in delayed images. There was a significant difference in the first appearance of SLNs on the lymphoscintiscan between 43 cases of dense breast parenchyma and 26 cases of fatty breast parenchyma. These results suggest that 99mTc-HSAD or 99mTc-HSA is acceptable for lymphatic mapping, but in cases which have faint spots in delayed images or fatty breast parenchyma, gamma probe-guided SNB may result in failure or misleading false-negative SLNs.
authors.affiliation: Division of Breast Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. simoto@east.ncc.go.jp
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Imoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fukukita
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Moriyama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D017556:Technetium Compounds; D013668:Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin; D016284:Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate; D013997:Time Factors; D017971:Tin Compounds
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D017556:Technetium Compounds; D013668:Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin; D017971:Tin Compounds; C057162:technetium Tc 99m DTPA HSA; C033493:technetium Tc 99m tin colloid; D016284:Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate