title: Overexpression of Bcl-x(L) promotes chemotherapy resistance of mammary tumors in a syngeneic mouse model.
abstract: Bcl-x(L), a prosurvival member of the Bcl-2 family that is expressed in many tumors, represses apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutic drugs in vitro. However, the contribution of apoptosis and prosurvival Bcl-2-related proteins to chemotherapy resistance in vivo is unknown and has been challenged by recent results with clonogenic survival assays. To test the ability of Bcl-x(L) to provide chemotherapy resistance to tumors, we transfected the mouse bcl-x(L) gene into the tumorigenic SCK mammary cell line and assessed the response of tumor cells to chemotherapeutic drugs in clonogenic assays and in a syngeneic mouse model. Bcl-x(L) conferred protection on SCK cells against methotrexate at certain drug concentrations, but not at all against 5-fluorouracil in clonogenic survival assays in vitro. Injection of SCK cells transfected with Bcl-x(L) or control plasmid in the mammary fat pads of syngeneic recipient mice resulted in tumors of similar size. However, although the volume of control tumors regressed up to 80% after 4 to 5 days of chemotherapy, SCK tumors expressing Bcl-x(L) did not regress and continued to grow in the presence of methotrexate or 5-fluorouracil. In addition, numbers of apoptotic cells were significantly higher in control tumors as compared to Bcl-x(L)-expressing tumors in animals treated with methotrexate or 5-fluorouracil. These results provide evidence that inhibition of apoptosis through Bcl-x(L) overexpression can promote resistance to chemotherapy in tumors in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Page
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Beidler
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Wicha
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Núñez
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics*; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000494:pharmacology; D015870:Gene Expression; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics*; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D051020:bcl-X Protein
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; C494812:Bcl2l1 protein, mouse; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051020:bcl-X Protein; D005472:Fluorouracil; D008727:Methotrexate