title: Shaken, not stirred: bioanalytical study of the antioxidant activities of martinis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Moderate consumption of alcoholic drinks seems to reduce the risks of developing cardiovascular disease, stroke, and cataracts, perhaps through antioxidant actions of their alcohol, flavonoid, or polyphenol contents. "Shaken, not stirred" routinely identifies the way the famous secret agent James Bond requires his martinis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  As Mr Bond is not afflicted by cataracts or cardiovascular disease, an investigation was conducted to determine whether the mode of preparing martinis has an influence on their antioxidant capacity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Stirred and shaken martinis were assayed for their ability to quench luminescence by a luminescent procedure in which hydrogen peroxide reacts with luminol bound to albumin. Student's t test was used for statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Shaken martinis were more effective in deactivating hydrogen peroxide than the stirred variety, and both were more effective than gin or vermouth alone (0.072% of peroxide control for shaken martini, 0.157% for stirred v 58.3% for gin and 1.90% for vermouth). The reason for this is not clear, but it may well not involve the facile oxidation of reactive martini components: control martinis through which either oxygen or nitrogen was bubbled did not differ in their ability to deactivate hydrogen peroxide (0.061% v 0. 057%) and did not differ from the shaken martini. Moreover, preliminary experiments indicate that martinis are less well endowed with polyphenols than Sauvignon white wine or Scotch whisky (0.056 mmol/l (catechin equivalents) shaken, 0.060 mmol/l stirred v 0.592 mmol/l wine, 0.575 mmol/l whisky).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  007's profound state of health may be due, at least in part, to compliant bartenders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5C1.
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Trevithick
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Chartrand
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wahlman
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirst
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Trevithick
mesh_terms: D000434:Alcoholic Beverages / Q000032:analysis*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry*; D005419:Flavonoids; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D008513:Medicine in Literature; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D011108:Polymers / Q000032:analysis; D059808:Polyphenols
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D010636:Phenols; D011108:Polymers; D059808:Polyphenols; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide