title: Patency and complications of percutaneously inserted metallic stents in malignant biliary obstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to analyze the patency of percutaneously inserted metallic stents in malignant biliary obstruction and to evaluate all the complications associated with the stents and the reinterventions needed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-nine patients with 42 malignant strictures were treated percutaneously with 55 metallic self-expandable stents. Forty-eight were Wallstents and seven were Memotherm stents. Twenty-five strictures were hilar, 16 were in the common bile duct, and one was in the hepaticojejunal anastomosis. The patients were followed until death and the mean follow-up was 6.4 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stent insertion was successful in 97% of the patients. Thirty percent had early complications (<30 days), and as many as 66% had late complications, including stent occlusions, which were seen in 10 patients. The patency rates of patients with cholangio-carcinoma were significantly lower than those of the patients with other diagnoses. There was also a tendency toward obstruction with less dilation of the stents, Y, T or tandem-style stent placement, an increasing number of stents, longer strictures, and hilar strictures. Thirty-one percent of the patients alive after the first 30 days had late reinterventions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although metallic stents offer an alternative in the palliation of malignant bile duct obstruction, there seem to be numerous early and late complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University Central Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oikarinen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leinonen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karttunen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tikkakoski
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hetemaa
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mäkelä
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Päivänsalo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017734:Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002758:Cholangiography; D001651:Cholestasis, Extrahepatic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D004067:Digestive System Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008670:Metals; D008875:Middle Aged; D010166:Palliative Care; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D008670:Metals