A 1997-1998 national surveillance study: Moraxella catarrhalis and Haemophilus influenzae antimicrobial resistance in 34 US institutions.
From November 1, 1997 to April 30, 1998, 726 Moraxella catarrhalis isolates and 1529 Haemophilus influenzae isolates were obtained from 34 medical centres throughout the United States. Rates of beta-lactamase production were 94.6% among M. catarrhalis and 31.1% among H. influenzae strains. Susceptibility rates of M. catarrhalis isolates to selected antimicrobial agents were greater than 99% for amoxycillin-clavulanate, cefixime, cefpodoxime, cefuroxime, cefaclor, loracarbef, clarithromycin, azithromycin, chloramphenicol and tetracycline, 97.8% for cefprozil, 50.4% for trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole and 28.1% for ampicillin. Of the antimicrobials tested against H. influenzae, the only agents with susceptibility rates below 96% were loracarbef (87.6%), cefprozil (83.4%), cefaclor (82.7%), trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (67.3%) and ampicillin (64.7%). The clarithromycin susceptibility rate was 67.4% but this agent was not tested in the presence of its 14-OH metabolite.
Richter
S S
SS
Department of Pathology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City 52242, USA.
Brueggemann
A B
AB
Huynh
H K
HK
Rhomberg
P R
PR
Wingert
E M
EM
Flamm
R
R
Doern
G V
GV
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000382:microbiology*; D003625:Data Collection; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D005260:Female; D006192:Haemophilus Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D001936:Moraxella catarrhalis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016870:Neisseriaceae Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D014481:United States; D018440:beta-Lactam Resistance
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents