title: Venoms, copper, and zinc in the treatment of arthritis.
abstract: This article discusses the use of venoms, copper, and zinc in the treatment of arthritis. The author examines the history and effectiveness of viper, bee, and ant venoms in order to determine whether these natural ingredients in anti-inflammatory medications help relieve a patient's symptoms. Copper and zinc studies may offer therapeutic benefits, but there is still no solid consensus on the potential role of these elements in treating arthritis.
authors.affiliation: Halifax Clinical Research Institute, Daytona Beach, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Caldwell
mesh_terms: D000862:Ant Venoms / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001514:Bee Venoms / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000529:Complementary Therapies / Q000379:methods; D003300:Copper / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D012910:Snake Venoms / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014688:Venoms / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015032:Zinc / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000862:Ant Venoms; D001514:Bee Venoms; D012910:Snake Venoms; D014688:Venoms; D003300:Copper; D015032:Zinc