title: Transcriptional activation of the human manganese superoxide dismutase gene mediated by tetradecanoylphorbol acetate.
abstract: Transcriptional activation of human manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) mRNA induced by a phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), was examined to identify the responsive transcriptional regulator. The effect of various deletions and mutations within the 5'-flanking region of the human MnSOD gene promoter was evaluated using the luciferase reporter system in A549 human lung carcinoma cells. Deletion of a region between -1292 and -1202 nucleotides upstream of the transcription start site abolished TPA-responsive induction, whereas deletion of the putative binding sequence for NF-kappaB or AP-1 did not. The region between -1292 and -1202 contains a cAMP-responsive element-like sequence, TGACGTCT, which we identified as the manganese superoxide dismutase TPA-responsive element, MSTRE. Site-specific mutation of the MSTRE abolished the TPA-responsive induction, validating the critical role of this sequence. We detected specific MSTRE activity from nuclear extracts and demonstrated by antibody supershift assay that this activity is closely related to CREB-1/ATF-1. TPA treatment rapidly induced phosphorylation of the CREB-1/ATF-1-like factor via the protein kinase C pathway. These results led us to conclude that the human MnSOD gene having the promoter construct used in this study is induced by TPA via activation of a CREB-1/ATF-1-like factor and not via either NF-kappaB or AP-1. In addition, we found that this induction was blocked by inhibitors of flavoproteins and NADPH oxidases, indicating involvement of enhanced generation of superoxide radical anion as an upstream signal.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemistry, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0342, USA.
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Roe
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Chock
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Yim
mesh_terms: D051697:Activating Transcription Factor 1; D001483:Base Sequence; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D020218:Response Elements; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000235:genetics*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D051697:Activating Transcription Factor 1; C115163:CREB1 protein, human; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate