title: Risk factors for hospitalization in well-dialyzed chronic hemodialysis patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hemodialysis (HD) patients are hospitalized more frequently than patients with other chronic diseases, averaging 11.5 hospital days/patient/year. Hospital costs attributable to renal failure in the US exceed $2 billion per year. The present healthcare climate continues to force dialysis providers to focus on these issues in order to optimize patient care while limiting cost.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a novel method for analyzing hospitalization risk, a multiple-event Cox proportional hazards model, to identify factors that influenced hospitalization in a HD unit population over a two-year period. This model allows individual patients to contribute multiple failure events to the model while controlling for the serial dependency of events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  178 HD patients were retrospectively examined. There were 381 hospitalizations during the study period, averaging out to 1.9 hospitalizations and 10.5 hospital days/patient-year. Substance abuse and diabetes conveyed the largest risks for hospitalization (diabetes RR: 2.09; substance abuse RR: 2.24) in the study cohort, exposing the necessity for examining practice patterns and behavioral interventions as means for improving HD patient care.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the small numbers of patients in this single-center HD population, the model achieved adequate statistical power. Therefore, it has the potential to serve as a continuous quality improvement (CQI) tool in particular HD patient sub-groups, or in individual HD units.
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA. bnb@medicine.wisc.edu
authors.forename: B N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Coomer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fotiadis
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Evanson
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shyr
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Hakim
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006400:Hematocrit; D017721:Hospital Costs; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000191:economics / Q000628:therapy*; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000191:economics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors