title: [Surgery school. Tradition-transition-change in paradigm?].
abstract: First Schools in Surgery already at the antiquity. During the medieval some slow developments in this regard throughout Europe, especially in France and Italy. In Germany because of the great changes and progresses in the medical sciences foundations of the first surgical schools in Vienna and Berlin. v. Langenbeck and Billroth have been the promoters. Tremendous changes in our time with a break of the generations, new structures at the universities, far reaching separation into subdisciplines of surgery and explosive technical developments question the meaning of surgical schools in the old sense. But there will apparently be a continuation, even in a changed matter and this on the background of a shift of the paradigm.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Peiper
mesh_terms: D004501:Education, Medical / Q000266:history*; D005060:Europe; D013502:General Surgery / Q000266:history*; D049668:History, 15th Century; D049669:History, 16th Century; D049670:History, 17th Century; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049690:History, Ancient; D049691:History, Medieval; D012577:Schools, Medical / Q000266:history*
vernacular_title: Chirurgische Schule. Tradition-Wandel-Paradigmawechsel?