title: Efficacy of various chemotherapeutic agents on the growth of Spironucleus vortens, an intestinal parasite of the freshwater angelfish.
abstract: Seven chemotherapeutic agents (dimetridazole, metronidazole, pyrimethamine, albendazole, fenbendazole, mebendazole and magnesium sulfate) were examined for growth inhibition on the cultivation of Spironucleus vortens. Dimetridazole and metronidazole were effective in inhibiting the parasite's growth. At concentrations of 1 microgram ml-1 or higher, both dramatically decreased numbers of parasites. At 24 h exposure, 33% of parasites were inhibited when exposed to dimetridazole or metronidazole at concentrations of 2 and 4 micrograms ml-1, respectively. Dimetridazole at 4 micrograms ml-1 or higher concentrations decreased the number of organisms to 50% or less after 48 h exposure. During the same period of time, the numbers of parasites decreased to 50% or less when exposed to metronidazole at 6 micrograms ml-1 or higher. Pyrimethamine at concentrations of 1 to 10 micrograms ml-1 was not effective in inhibiting the parasite's growth. Albendazole and fenbendazole at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5 microgram ml-1 were similar in inhibiting the growth of the organism. Both compounds suppressed parasite growth at concentrations of 1.0 microgram ml-1 or higher after 24 h exposure. Mebendazole inhibited the parasite's growth at concentrations of 0.5 microgram ml-1 or higher. At 72 h exposure, 45 to 50% of the parasites were inhibited when exposed to mebendazole at concentrations higher than 0.5 microgram ml-1. Magnesium sulfate at concentrations of 70 mg ml-1 or higher also suppressed the growth of parasites after 24 h exposure. These results indicate that dimetridazole, metronidazole and mebendazole are the most effective chemotherapeutic agents in vitro at inhibiting the growth of S. vortens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sangmaneedet
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D015766:Albendazole / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002452:Cell Count / Q000662:veterinary; D004131:Dimetridazole / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016828:Diplomonadida / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D005273:Fenbendazole / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology; D005399:Fishes; D007411:Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008278:Magnesium Sulfate / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008463:Mebendazole / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011528:Protozoan Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D011529:Protozoan Infections, Animal; D011739:Pyrimethamine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D008795:Metronidazole; D005273:Fenbendazole; D008278:Magnesium Sulfate; D008463:Mebendazole; D015766:Albendazole; D004131:Dimetridazole; D011739:Pyrimethamine