title: The effect of bisoprolol on perioperative mortality and myocardial infarction in high-risk patients undergoing vascular surgery. Dutch Echocardiographic Cardiac Risk Evaluation Applying Stress Echocardiography Study Group.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiovascular complications are the most important causes of perioperative morbidity and mortality among patients undergoing major vascular surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a randomized, multicenter trial to assess the effect of perioperative blockade of beta-adrenergic receptors on the incidence of death from cardiac causes and nonfatal myocardial infarction within 30 days after major vascular surgery in patients at high risk for these events. High-risk patients were identified by the presence of both clinical risk factors and positive results on dobutamine echocardiography. Eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive standard perioperative care or standard care plus perioperative beta-blockade with bisoprolol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1351 patients were screened, and 846 were found to have one or more cardiac risk factors. Of these 846 patients, 173 had positive results on dobutamine echocardiography. Fifty-nine patients were randomly assigned to receive bisoprolol, and 53 to receive standard care. Fifty-three patients were excluded from randomization because they were already taking a beta-blocker, and eight were excluded because they had extensive wall-motion abnormalities either at rest or during stress testing. Two patients in the bisoprolol group died of cardiac causes (3.4 percent), as compared with nine patients in the standard-care group (17 percent, P=0.02). Nonfatal myocardial infarction occurred in nine patients given standard care only (17 percent) and in none of those given standard care plus bisoprolol (P<0.001). Thus, the primary study end point of death from cardiac causes or nonfatal myocardial infarction occurred in 2 patients in the bisoprolol group (3.4 percent) and 18 patients in the standard-care group (34 percent, P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bisoprolol reduces the perioperative incidence of death from cardiac causes and nonfatal myocardial infarction in high-risk patients who are undergoing major vascular surgery.
authors.affiliation: Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Poldermans
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Boersma
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bax
authors.forename: I R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: van de Ven
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Blankensteijn
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Baars
authors.forename: T I
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Yo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Trocino
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vigna
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Roelandt
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van Urk
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000368:Aged; D017298:Bisoprolol / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000401:mortality* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D019990:Perioperative Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D017298:Bisoprolol