title: Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in human invasive transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder.
abstract: Cyclooxygenase (COX)-inhibiting drugs have antitumor activity in canine and rodent models of urinary bladder cancer. Two isoenzymes of COX have been identified, COX-1 and COX-2. The purpose of this study was to characterize COX-1 and COX-2 expression in human invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. COX-2 was not expressed in normal urinary bladder samples but was detected in 25 of 29 (86%) invasive transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder and in 6 of 8 (75%) cases of carcinoma in situ. These results indicate that COX-2 may play a role in bladder cancer in humans and support further study of COX-2 inhibitors as potential antitumor agents in human bladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Mohammed
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Knapp
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Bostwick
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: K N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Masferrer
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Woerner
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Koki
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000201:enzymology*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000201:enzymology*; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000032:analysis*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496511:PTGS1 protein, human; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases