title: Reactive oxygen species are involved in the apoptosis induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in cultured gastric cells.
abstract: We previously reported the induction of apoptotic DNA fragmentation by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in cultured rat gastric cells, and indicated that prostaglandin-synthesis is only marginally involved in the apoptotic process. In the present study, we examined whether the generation of reactive oxygen species is critically involved in NSAID-induced apoptosis. Indomethacin, sodium diclofenac, flurbiprofen, zaltoprofen, etodolac, but not mofezolac, enhanced apoptotic DNA fragmentation and mRNA expression for cyclooxygenase-2 in AGS cells, a cell line derived from human gastric epithelium. The apoptotic effect of indomethacin was then confirmed by fluorescent staining of the cells with annexin V. Apoptotic DNA fragmentation induced by indomethacin and flurbiprofen was suppressed by incubation of the cells with the anti-oxidants pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, diphenyleneiodonium chloride, and N-acetyl-L-cysteine. These two NSAIDs also enhanced release from the cells of 8-isoprostane, a nonenzymatic product by free-radical-mediated peroxidation of arachidonic acid. Further, lucigenin chemiluminescence showed that the intracellular production of reactive oxygen species increased in cells treated with indomethacin. The present data thus indicate a crucial association between the generation of reactive oxygen species and NSAID-induced apoptosis in gastric epithelial cells.
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratories, Yoshitomi Pharmaceutical Industries, Shodai-Ohtani 2-25-1, Hirakata, Japan. kusuhara@yoshitomi.co.jp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kusuhara
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Komatsu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sumichika
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugahara
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000502:physiology*; D013270:Stomach / Q000166:cytology*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000975:Antioxidants; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D007213:Indomethacin