title: Mechanisms of photoreceptor cell apoptosis induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea in Sprague-Dawley rats.
abstract: A single intraperitoneal injection of 75 mg/kg N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) was given to 50-day-old female Sprague-Dawley rats and examined sequentially 12 and 24 hours, and 3 and 7 days after MNU treatment. Photoreceptor cell death was evoked in all treated rats. After MNU treatment, 7-methyldeoxyguanosine DNA adduct was detected selectively in photoreceptor cell nuclei at 12 hours, followed by photoreceptor cell apoptosis as confirmed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-digoxigenin nick-end labeling signals which peaked at 24 hours and continued until day 7 when several layers of photoreceptor cell nuclei were left. In apoptosis cascade, down-regulation of Bcl-2 was seen at 12 hours and up-regulation of Bax was seen at 24 hours, and caspase family (caspase 3/CPP32, caspase 6/Mch2, and caspase 8/FLICE protease) activities peaked 72 hours after MNU treatment. Therefore MNU-induced photoreceptor cell death was attributed to DNA adduct formation restricted to photoreceptor cell nuclei leading to photoreceptor cell apoptosis by up-regulation of Bax protein, down-modulation of Bcl-2 protein, and activation of caspases 3, 6, and 8.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, Moriguchi, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshizawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nambu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oishi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Senzaki
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shikata
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miki
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsubura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D018736:DNA Adducts / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D008770:Methylnitrosourea / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020419:Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012160:Retina / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein
chemical_list: C494828:Bax protein, rat; D018736:DNA Adducts; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D008770:Methylnitrosourea; D020169:Caspases