title: Biodegradation in laboratory activated sludge plants and aquatic toxicity of herbicides.
abstract: The biodegradation and the aquatic toxicity of four herbicides (isoproturon, terbuthylazine, mecoprop, metamitron) were investigated. Laboratory activated sludge plants were used for biodegradation experiments. The biodegradation of mecoprop reached nearly 100%, the other herbicides were not eliminated by biodegradation. The acute Daphnia magna 24-h assay, the algal 72-h inhibition test, and the recently developed lemna growth inhibition 7-d test were applied to evaluate the biological effects of herbicides as original substances. EC 50 and EC 10 values were determined. Algal and lemna test show that isoproturon and terbuthylazine are both much more toxic than mecoprop and metamitron. Daphnids are generally less sensitive against herbicides than plants. Biodegradation and toxicity test were coupled for mecoprop to assess biological long-term effects of possible biodegradation products of this herbicide. The effluents of the laboratory activated sludge units were used in toxicity tests (Daphnia magna 21-d reproduction test, lemna growth inhibition 7-d test). No inhibiting effect on the tested organisms was observed.
authors.affiliation: Bavarian State Office for Water Resources, Institute for Water Research, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nitschke
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wilk
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schüssler
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Metzner
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lind
mesh_terms: D008456:2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D000332:Aerobiosis; D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D003621:Daphnia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D056890:Eukaryota / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D006540:Herbicides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D019684:Magnoliopsida / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D012722:Sewage; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000814:Aniline Compounds; D006540:Herbicides; D012722:Sewage; C008625:nitroaniline; C008340:mecoprop; D008456:2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid