title: Addiction of anti-CD28 antibodies restores PBMC proliferation and IFN-gamma production in lepromatous leprosy patients.
abstract: During antigen recognition, T lymphocytes are primed by a physical interaction with antigen-presenting cells (APC). At least two signals are needed to activate T cells. One is provided by T cell receptor (TCR)/CD3 in the context of the mayor histocompatibility complex (MHC), and another signal is mediated by antigen-independent molecules, that is T cell membrane-bound CD28 and its specific ligand B7-1 (CD80) present in APC. Both signals trigger a series of metabolic events initiating right at the cell membrane and ending with activation and proliferation of T cells as well as specific cytokines synthesis. Our main goal was to determine whether deficiency in interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production shown by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from lepromatous leprosy (LL) patients, could be overcome by reconstituting in vitro the appropriate signals (by means of addition of anti-CD28 and anti-CD80 monoclonal antibodies). We also determined the stimulation index (SI) in the same PBMC. Our results demonstrated no significant differences in CD80 expression monocytes and B lymphocytes from LL patients when compared with healthy subjects. Nonetheless, CD28 expression significantly decreased in lymphocytes from LL patients (p < 0.01). Regarding IFN-gamma levels and SI, LL-PBMC failure before mitogenic stimuli could be reversed by further incubation with anti-CD28 antibody, but stimulation by specific antigen of Mycobacterium leprae was not changed. Addition of anti-CD80 antibody significantly increased IFN-gamma levels in phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated PBMC, although proliferation deficiency persisted. Cells stimulated with specific antigen did not modify either their proliferation or IFN-gamma levels.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Immunología y Dermatología. C.U.C.S. Universidad de Guadalajara/Instituto Dermatológico de Jalisco, Mexico. ciinde@cencar.udg.mx
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fafutis-Morris
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Guillén-Vargas
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Navarro-Fierros
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alfaro-Bustamante
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zaitzeva-Petrovna
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Daneri-Navarro
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Santoscoy-Tovar
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Armendariz-Borunda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018122:B7-1 Antigen / Q000276:immunology; D018106:CD28 Antigens / Q000276:immunology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015440:Leprosy, Lepromatous / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins / Q000494:pharmacology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D018122:B7-1 Antigen; D018106:CD28 Antigens; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; D007371:Interferon-gamma