title: Invasive differentiated thyroid carcinoma: tracheal resection and reconstruction procedures in the hands of the endocrine surgeon.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid gland is a relatively benign tumor, up to 20% of patients are endangered by potentially fatal complications resulting from infiltrating tumor growth into the upper aerodigestive tract.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 33 patients who underwent 34 tracheal or laryngotracheal procedures for invasive differentiated thyroid carcinoma under the direction of a single surgeon (G.F.W.S.). From 1990 to 1994, radical tumor extirpation was performed by "window" resection, and from 1995 to 1998, radical surgery consisted of either circumferential sleeve resection or laryngotracheal "step" resection--a novel method of reconstruction in cases of unilateral tumor infiltration into the larynx and trachea. Resection was limited to laminar ablation in 17 cases. The mean follow-up of 16 patients who survived was 42.5 months (range, 2 months to 8.9 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Procedures resulting in primary end-to-end anastomosis of the upper airways were associated with lower perioperative morbidity and improved recurrence-free survival when compared with "window" resections with muscle flap reconstruction. In cases of superficial tracheal tumor infiltration, laminar ablations were sufficient for local tumor control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radical eradication of differentiated thyroid carcinoma infiltrating the upper airways followed by radioiodine application should be considered the treatment of choice. Laryngotracheal "step" resection allows tumor extirpation with preservation of neural and muscular structures of the larynx.
authors.affiliation: Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Hannover University Medical School, Germany.
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Musholt
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Musholt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Behrend
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Raab
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Scheumann
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klempnauer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical / Q000379:methods; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007830:Larynx / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012009:Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013965:Thyroidectomy / Q000379:methods*; D014132:Trachea / Q000098:blood supply / Q000601:surgery; D014134:Tracheal Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome