title: Improvement in exercise tolerance and symptoms of congestive heart failure during treatment with candesartan cilexetil. Symptom, Tolerability, Response to Exercise Trial of Candesartan Cilexetil in Heart Failure (STRETCH) Investigators.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The renin-angiotensin system plays an important part in the pathogenesis of congestive heart failure (CHF). This study evaluated the effect of an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist on exercise tolerance and symptoms of CHF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this multicenter, double-blind, parallel-group study, 844 patients with CHF were randomized to 12 weeks' treatment with placebo (n=211) or candesartan cilexetil 4 mg (n=208), 8 mg (n=212), or 16 mg (n=213) after a 4-week placebo run-in period. Changes in exercise time, Dyspnea Fatigue Index score, NYHA functional class, and cardiothoracic ratio were determined. Candesartan cilexetil produced a dose-related improvement in exercise time. For the intention-to-treat population, the increase produced by candesartan cilexetil 16 mg was significantly greater than that produced by placebo (47.2 versus 30.8 seconds, P=0.0463). All doses of candesartan cilexetil significantly improved the Dyspnea Fatigue Index score relative to placebo. NYHA class improved more frequently in the candesartan cilexetil groups; the differences relative to placebo were not significant. The decrease in cardiothoracic ratio with candesartan 4 to 16 mg was small but statistically significant compared with placebo (all P<0.05). In all candesartan cilexetil groups, plasma renin activity and angiotensin II levels increased from baseline and aldosterone levels decreased in the 8- and 16-mg treatment groups. Candesartan cilexetil was well tolerated at all doses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In summary, treatment with candesartan cilexetil demonstrated significant improvements in exercise tolerance, cardiothoracic ratio, and symptoms and signs of CHF and was well tolerated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Riegger
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bouzo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Petr
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Münz
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Spacek
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pethig
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: von Behren
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arens
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000097:blood; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D005080:Exercise Test; D017079:Exercise Tolerance / Q000187:drug effects*; D005221:Fatigue / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000139:chemically induced; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013777:Tetrazoles
chemical_list: D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2; D013777:Tetrazoles; D000804:Angiotensin II; D012083:Renin; C077793:candesartan cilexetil