title: Tinman regulates the transcription of the beta3 tubulin gene (betaTub60D) in the dorsal vessel of Drosophila.
abstract: During Drosophila embryogenesis, the beta3 tubulin gene is expressed in the visceral and somatic mesoderm as well as in the dorsal vessel. Transcription of the gene is limited to four pairs of cardioblasts per segment. Here we show that its expression in the dorsal vessel (dv) is mediated by a 333-bp enhancer located upstream of the gene. The homeodomain protein Tinman is also expressed in these cardioblasts, implying that Tinman might be a key regulator of the beta3 tubulin gene. Gel retardation and footprint assays indeed revealed two Tinman binding sites within the dv-specific enhancer. We analyzed the relevance of the Tinman binding sites in a transgenic fly assay and observed distinct functions for both sites. The BS(Tin-1460) site is absolutely required for expression in cardioblasts, while BS(Tin-1425) is needed for high-level expression. Thus, these two Tinman binding sites act in concert to drive beta3 tubulin gene expression during heart development. Tinman initially functions in the specification of visceral mesoderm and heart progenitors, but remains expressed in cardioblasts until dorsal closure. Overall, our data demonstrate a late function for Tinman in the regulation of beta3 tubulin gene expression in the forming heart of Drosophila.
authors.affiliation: Fachbereich Biologie, Entwicklungsbiologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, 35032, Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kremser
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gajewski
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Renkawitz-Pohl
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D004330:Drosophila / Q000196:embryology*; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006321:Heart / Q000196:embryology; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014404:Tubulin / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014404:Tubulin; C102933:tin protein, Drosophila