title: Optic nerve avulsion from a golfing injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe a patient with optic nerve avulsion after being struck in the eye with a golf club.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 10-year-old male was hit in the left eye by a golf club. The patient underwent full ophthalmoscopic evaluation and neuroimaging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient had no light perception in the left eye when first seen. Avulsion of the optic nerve with vitreous hemorrhage was apparent on examination. Computed tomographic imaging of the brain and orbits revealed no abnormalities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Optic nerve avulsion from golf-related injury is more likely to occur when the impact site is between the globe and the orbital rim. Rupture of the globe is more likely to occur with direct impact to it.
authors.affiliation: Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44195, USA.
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Warman
mesh_terms: D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D002648:Child; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006055:Golf; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy; D020221:Optic Nerve Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014823:Vitreous Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*