title: Recent perspectives in topical therapy in superficial bladder cancer.
abstract: With regard to side-effects in intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin instillation therapy and the limited efficacy of intravesical chemotherapy, there is still a need for improvement of these standard therapies. Recently, technical adjuvant means or the modification of cytostatic drugs have been undertaken to improve the efficacy of intravesical chemotherapy. Prognostic indicators of the response to bacillus Calmette-Guérin immunotherapy have been identified, but indicators of side-effects are needed in order to improve the benefit-to-risk ratio of bacillus Calmette-Guérin instillation therapy. Many innovative treatment options, however, still require a definition of their clinical value.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Medical University of Lübeck, Germany. boehle@medinf.mu-luebeck.de
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Böhle
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Durek
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D001500:BCG Vaccine; D007376:Interleukin-2