title: Locus coeruleus function in enuresis.
abstract: There are four neuronal networks projecting to many areas of the brain. All networks relate closely to arousal and sleep function. Among the four networks, the noradrenaline projection network, originating from the locus coeruleus (LC), is the system most typically responsible for arousal. This study shows that the LC is activated by the stimulation of bladder distension only while the patient is in deep sleep, not in light sleep. This finding corresponds with the mechanism of enuresis type I in our classification of enuresis, based on overnight simultaneous monitoring using electroencephalography and cystometry. The importance of arousal and sleep systems in the pathogenesis of enuresis is also discussed.
authors.affiliation: 3rd Department of Basic Medicine, Meiji University of Oriental Medicine (Graduate School), Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kawauchi
mesh_terms: D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002648:Child; D004775:Enuresis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008125:Locus Coeruleus / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000503:physiopathology; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000503:physiopathology; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000502:physiology*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000294:innervation; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000502:physiology