title: Distributions of local oxygen saturation and its response to changes of mean arterial blood pressure in the cerebral cortex adjacent to arteriovenous malformations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that neither "steal" as cortical ischemia caused by reduced perfusion pressure nor "breakthrough" on the grounds of loss of pressure autoregulation exist in brain tissue surrounding arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), we established patterns of cortical oxygen saturation (SO(2)) adjacent to AVMs and its behavior after alterations of mean arterial blood pressure.
  
  
  METHODS
  With a microspectrophotometer, SO(2) was scanned in the cortex around AVMs of 44 patients before and after resection and in that of a non-AVM group (n=42) before transsylvian dissection. Autoregulation was evaluated by linear regression analysis after elevation of mean arterial blood pressure (5 microg/min IV noradrenaline). SO(2) values were calculated as medians, percentage of critical values (<25% SO(2)), and coefficients of variance (approximate heterogeneity of SO(2) distributions). All values are given as mean+/-SD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty patients with AVM had an uneventful postoperative course (group A). Four hyperemic complications ("breakthrough") occurred (group B). Autoregulation was tested intact in all groups at all times. Preoperative SO(2) distributions in groups A and C (non-AVMs) were identical. In group B, significantly (P<0.05) lower medians (group A, 52.9+/-16.3%; group B, 44.2+/-17.1%; group C, 51.9+/-11.5% SO(2)), more critical values (group A, 6.5+/-5.1%; group B, 14.7+/-11.1%; group C, 7.1+/-4.9%), and heterogeneous SO(2) distributions (group A, 20.2+/-12.7%; group B, 27.9+/-12.4%; group C, 26.8+/-10.9%) were seen. Increase of median values was significantly higher in group B (76.3+/-10.4% SO(2)) than in group A (65.9+/-13.4% SO(2)) after resection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Severely hypoxic areas are uncommon in the cortex adjacent to AVMs and occur predominantly in patients prone to hyperemic complications. Reduced perfusion pressure is compensated in most cases, and moderate hyperemia prevails after excision. Reperfusion into unprotected capillaries of severely hypoxic cortical areas results in "breakthrough," for which vasoparalysis appears not to be the underlying mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Bonn (Germany). bmey@mailer.meb.uni-bonn.de
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schaller
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Frenkel
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ebeling
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schramm
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D006940:Hyperemia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D015591:Microspectrophotometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012044:Regression Analysis
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen