title: Characterisation of paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation conditions yielding intracortical inhibition or I-wave facilitation using a threshold-hunting paradigm.
abstract: Short-interval, paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is usually used to demonstrate intracortical inhibition. It was shown recently that with short-interval, paired-pulse TMS a facilitation - called intracortical I-wave facilitation - can also be demonstrated. It was the aim of this study to investigate which stimulus conditions lead to intracortical inhibition and what conditions yield an intracortical I-wave facilitation in a hand muscle of normal subjects. Paired-pulse TMS responses with an interstimulus interval of 1.2 ms were obtained from the abductor digiti minimi muscle of four normal subjects. A threshold-hunting paradigm with hunting through first or second stimulus variation was used to obtain a curve of threshold-pair strengths. All subjects showed two branches of stimulus interaction on this diagram. If the first stimulus of a threshold pair was below approximately 65% of resting motor threshold it modified the response primarily due to the second stimulus through intracortical inhibition. However, if the first stimulus of a threshold pair exceeded approximately 65% of resting motor threshold it became responsible for the spinal action-potential initiation. The subsequent second stimulus served as a "booster" for the ongoing intracortical I-wave activity, making it impossible to observe the intracortical inhibition evoked by the first stimulus.
authors.affiliation: Neuromuscular Research Group at the Department of Orthopaedics, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Strasse 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany. friedemann.awiszus@medizin.uni-magdeburg.de
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Awiszus
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Feistner
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Urbach
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bostock
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological / Q000502:physiology; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000502:physiology*; D011603:Psychophysiology / Q000379:methods*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012684:Sensory Thresholds / Q000502:physiology*; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation