title: Immunohistochemical study of parathyroid hormone-related protein in vesical transitional epithelium of patients with spinal cord injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), in addition to the well-established role in endochrondral bone development, is believed to be an important mediator of cellular growth and differentiation in a number of non-bony tissues.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the immunohistochemical staining of vesical transitional epithelium to antibodies raised to synthetic peptides of PTHrP composed of amino acid sequences 43 - 52 and 127 - 138 in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) and neuropathic bladder (n=14), and control patients with intact neuraxis and no history of bladder cancer (n=10).
  
  
  METHODS
  Male SCI patients registered with Regional Spinal Injuries Centre, Southport, England.
  
  
  METHODS
  Endoscopic cold cup biopsy from the trigone of the urinary bladder was taken from patients with SCI while they were undergoing a therapeutic procedure in the urinary bladder. The control samples of bladder biopsies were taken from the archives of the Department of Histopathology, District General Hospital, Southport. Immunohistochemistry was performed using rabbit antibodies raised against synthetic peptides of human PTHrP (43 - 52) and PTHrP (127 - 138). The biopsies were examined for immunostaining of transitional epithelium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 14 biopsies of SCI patients, positive immunostaining using antibodies to both the PTHrP peptides was found in four cases; five biopsies showed positive immunostaining only to anti-PTHrP (43 - 52); and five biopsies showed no immunostaining with either of the PTHrP peptides. In contrast, transitional epithelium in the biopsy specimens of ten control subjects with no history of bladder cancer showed no immunostaining with either of the PTHrP peptides.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study revealed that the transitional epithelium of neuropathic urinary bladder exhibits increased predilection for positive immunohistochemical staining for PTHrP (43 - 52), and to a lesser extent, to PTHrP (127 - 138), as compared to the vesical transitional epithelium of able bodied individuals with no history of vesical malignancy. The possible role of PTHrP in the cellular differentiation of urothelium of neuropathic bladder, and thereby, in the pathogenesis of cystitis in SCI patients, needs to be explored.
authors.affiliation: Regional Spinal Injuries Centre, District General Hospital, Southport, Merseyside PR8 6PN, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vaidyanathan
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: McCreavy
authors.forename: I W
authors.initials: IW
authors.lastname: McDicken
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Soni
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mansour
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wlodarski
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Carron
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sett
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gallagher
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000473:pathology*; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000473:pathology*; D019459:Urothelium / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: C470121:PTHLH protein, human; D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein; D011506:Proteins