title: Volume-sensitive K(+)/Cl(-) cotransport in rabbit erythrocytes. Analysis of the rate-limiting activation and inactivation events.
abstract: The kinetics of activation and inactivation of K(+)/Cl(-) cotransport (KCC) have been measured in rabbit red blood cells for the purpose of determining the individual rate constants for the rate-limiting activation and inactivation events. Four different interventions (cell swelling, N-ethylmaleimide [NEM], low intracellular pH, and low intracellular Mg(2+)) all activate KCC with a single exponential time course; the kinetics are consistent with the idea that there is a single rate-limiting event in the activation of transport by all four interventions. In contrast to LK sheep red cells, the KCC flux in Mg(2+)-depleted rabbit red cells is not affected by cell volume. KCC activation kinetics were examined in cells pretreated with NEM at 0 degrees C, washed, and then incubated at higher temperatures. The forward rate constant for activation has a very high temperature dependence (E(a) approximately 32 kCal/mol), but is not affected measurably by cell volume. Inactivation kinetics were examined by swelling cells at 37 degrees C to activate KCC, and then resuspending at various osmolalities and temperatures to inactivate most of the transporters. The rate of transport inactivation increases steeply as cell volume decreases, even in a range of volumes where nearly all the transporters are inactive in the steady state. This finding indicates that the rate-limiting inactivation event is strongly affected by cell volume over the entire range of cell volumes studied, including normal cell volume. The rate-limiting inactivation event may be mediated by a protein kinase that is inhibited, either directly or indirectly, by cell swelling, low Mg(2+), acid pH, and NEM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA. jenningsmichaell@exchange.uams.edu
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Jennings
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D001711:Biotransformation; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D048429:Cell Size; D002712:Chlorides / Q000378:metabolism; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005033:Ethylmaleimide / Q000494:pharmacology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007700:Kinetics; D008274:Magnesium / Q000097:blood; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D012413:Rubidium / Q000097:blood; D027981:Symporters; D013696:Temperature; D000096922:K Cl- Cotransporters
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D002712:Chlorides; D005033:Ethylmaleimide; D008274:Magnesium; D011188:Potassium; D012413:Rubidium; D027981:Symporters; D000096922:K Cl- Cotransporters