title: Validation of the Cross-Cultural Alcoholism Screening Test (CCAST).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  When screening instruments that are used in the assessment and diagnosis of alcoholism of individuals from different ethnicities, some cultural variables based on norms and societal acceptance of drinking behavior can play an important role in determining the outcome. The accepted diagnostic criteria of current market testing are based on Western standards.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, the Munich Alcoholism Test (31 items) was the base instrument applied to subjects from several Hispanic-American countries (Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, Mexico, and Peru). After the sample was submitted to several statistical procedures, these 31 items were reduced to a culture-free, 31-item test named the Cross-Cultural Alcohol Screening Test (CCAST).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of this Hispanic-American sample (n = 2,107) empirically demonstrated that CCAST measures alcoholism with an adequate degree of accuracy when compared to other available cross-cultural tests.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CCAST is useful in the diagnosis of alcoholism in Spanish-speaking immigrants living in countries where English is spoken. CCAST can be used in general hospitals, psychiatric wards, emergency services and police stations. The test can be useful for other professionals, such as psychological consultants, researchers, and those conducting expertise appraisal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. fmedi01@ccms.ntu.edu.tw
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Gorenc
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Peredo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pacurucu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Llanos
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vincente
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: López
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Abreu
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Paez
mesh_terms: D000437:Alcoholism / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D005006:Ethnicity; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D015203:Reproducibility of Results