title: Apoptosis and expression of apoptosis regulating proteins bcl-2, mcl-1, bcl-X, and bax in malignant mesothelioma.
abstract: We investigated apoptosis and the expression of bcl-2, mcl-1, bcl-X, and bax in histological sections from 35 malignant mesotheliomas and 21 metastatic adenocarcinomas. Moreover, the expression of bcl-2, mcl-1, bcl-X, and bax were assessed by Western blotting in nonmalignant human mesothelial cells (Met5A) and seven malignant cell lines. The apoptotic index in mesotheliomas was 1.07+/-1.14%. Patients with mesotheliomas showing a high apoptotic index (> or =0.75%) had a worse prognosis (P = 0.008). bcl-2 positivity was observed in only seven cases, but bcl-X, mcl-1, and bax positivity was seen in all of them. In immunoblotting experiments, all mesothelioma cell lines were negative for bcl-2 but positive for bcl-X, mcl-1, and bax. The apoptotic index in bcl-2-negative mesotheliomas was 1.25+/-1.24% and in bcl-2-positive ones, 0.47+/-0.42% (P = 0.014). The apoptotic index did not significantly associate with bcl-X, mcl-1, or bax expression (P = 0.19, P = 0.25, and P = 0.46, respectively). No significant difference was observed in apoptosis or expression of bcl-2, bcl-X, or bax between malignant mesotheliomas and metastatic adenocarcinomas. The former, however, showed more often weak mcl-1 immunoreactivity (P = 0.01). The results show that the extent of apoptosis may influence patient prognosis. bcl-2 is inversely associated with the apoptotic index but is relatively infrequently expressed in malignant mesotheliomas. Widespread expression of bcl-X, mcl-1, and bax suggests that these proteins may also take part in apoptosis regulation in mesotheliomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Soini
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kinnula
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaarteenaho-Wiik
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kurttila
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Linnainmaa
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pääkkö
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017209:Apoptosis; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008654:Mesothelioma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D064549:Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D010997:Pleural Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000032:analysis*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D051020:bcl-X Protein
chemical_list: C494826:BAX protein, human; C494811:BCL2L1 protein, human; D064549:Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D051020:bcl-X Protein