title: Extensive interplasmidic duplications change the virulence phenotype of the relapsing fever agent Borrelia turicatae.
abstract: The relapsing fever agent Borrelia turicatae has two antigenically distinct serotypes, A and B, which differ in their variable small proteins (Vsps) and in their degree of virulence and neurotropism in mice. Each Vsp gene (vspA or vspB) had an expression-linked copy that was unique to the serotype expressing it. This was located on one linear plasmid, which was defined by the upstream sequence. The archived copies of vspA and vspB were each located on different linear plasmids that were the same in both serotypes. In this feature, the mechanism of antigenic variation is similar to that of another relapsing fever agent, B. hermsii. However, in other features, the mechanisms of the two organisms differ. The expressed and archived loci for vspA and vspB of B. turicatae were near the centre of linear plasmids instead of near the telomeres. The vspA and vspB expression loci were duplicate copies of their respective silent loci: from the vsp itself to at least 13-14 kb downstream. Despite the extensive interplasmidic duplications and the internal position of the expression locus, the only detectable difference between serotypes A and B was in whether they expressed VspA or VspB.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and Medicine, B240 Med Sci I, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4025, USA.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Penningon
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cadavid
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bunikis
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Norris
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Barbour
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D001898:Borrelia / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D020131:Genes, Duplicate; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010641:Phenotype; D020161:Physical Chromosome Mapping; D010940:Plant Proteins; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012061:Relapsing Fever / Q000382:microbiology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012703:Serotyping; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D008074:Lipoproteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; C078148:VSPA protein, Glycine max