title: Bradykinin B1 receptor expression and function on T lymphocytes in active multiple sclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lesion development in MS is initiated by migration of inflammatory cells into the central nervous system, a process dependent on endothelial cell-lymphocyte interaction. Bradykinin B1 receptor is a membrane-bound G protein-coupled receptor shown to be upregulated on the surface of various cells types during inflammation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the expression and function of the bradykinin B1 receptor on T lymphocytes from MS patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors used multiplex polymerase chain reaction amplification and Western blot techniques to demonstrate B1 receptor expression by T cells. A modified Boyden chamber assay also was used to assess the effect of B1 agonist and antagonist on T cell migration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The authors demonstrated that the expression of B1 receptor was upregulated on T cells derived from peripheral blood of MS patients. Expression of this receptor was upregulated on T cells from patients with secondary progressive MS and relapsing-remitting patients in active relapse. Expression was lower in relapsing remitting patients in remission and least in control subjects, including patients with epilepsy, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. In vitro treatment of cells from healthy control subjects with tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma also induced the expression of B1 receptors. The authors also found that the significantly higher rate of migration of MS T lymphocytes, compared with control subjects in the Boyden chamber assay, could be prevented by the addition of the selective and stable B1 agonist Sar (D-Phe8) desArg9-BK.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors demonstrate that B1 receptors are upregulated by T lymphocytes during the course of MS and that signaling through this receptor with a B1 agonist can negatively regulate T-cell migration in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, the Multiple Sclerosis Clinic, Montreal, Canada. aprat@po-box.mcgill.ca
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prat
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Weinrib
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Becher
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Poirier
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Duquette
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Couture
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Antel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015153:Blotting, Western; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000235:genetics; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000276:immunology; D003711:Demyelinating Diseases / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D020528:Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive / Q000276:immunology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D043783:Receptor, Bradykinin B1; D018002:Receptors, Bradykinin / Q000235:genetics*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D017252:CD3 Complex; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D043783:Receptor, Bradykinin B1; D018002:Receptors, Bradykinin