title: Nephrobronchial fistula secondary to xantogranulomatous pyelonephritis.
abstract: We report a case of staghorn nephrolithiasis that evolved into xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis with perinephric abscess, nephrobronchial fistula, and lung abscess. The patient was an intravenous drug abuser who tested positive for human immunodeficiency virus, without evidence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. He presented with a 2-month history of untreated repeated episodes of left flank pain and hyperpyrexia. Treatment involved left nephrectomy, debridement of abscess, tube drainage, and intravenous antibiotics. The patient illustrates the need to consider untreated nephrolitiasis as a predisposing factor for pulmonary complications.
authors.affiliation: Services de Chirurgie Thoracique and d'Urologie, CHU de Nice, Hôpital Pasteur, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alifano
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Venissac
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chevallier
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mouroux
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D018784:Abdominal Abscess / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D001983:Bronchial Fistula / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008169:Lung Abscess / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D009392:Nephrectomy; D011512:Proteus Infections / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D011513:Proteus mirabilis; D011705:Pyelonephritis, Xanthogranulomatous / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014548:Urinary Fistula / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*