title: Pitx2 isoforms: involvement of Pitx2c but not Pitx2a or Pitx2b in vertebrate left-right asymmetry.
abstract: During vertebrate left-right development the homeobox gene Pitx2 serves as a mediator between transient nodal signaling in the left lateral plate mesoderm (l-LPM) and asymmetric organ morphogenesis. Misexpression of Pitx2 in chick and frog led to alteration of organ situs. Here we report the presence of different Pitx2 isoforms in mouse and frog. Pitx2c but not Pitx2a or Pitx2b was asymmetrically expressed in the l-LPM, heart and gut, and was specifically induced by nodal in Xenopus animal cap explant cultures and whole embryos. Pitx2c induced its own transcription, suggesting a maintenance mechanism following the down-regulation of nodal in the l-LPM. Pitx2c thus represents the left-specific isoform involved in vertebrate left-right asymmetry.
authors.affiliation: Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute of Genetics, P.O. Box 3640, D-76021, Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schweickert
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Campione1
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Steinbeisser
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blum
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D019521:Body Patterning / Q000235:genetics*; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000196:embryology / Q000502:physiology; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development / Q000235:genetics; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000235:genetics; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D014981:Xenopus; D000097577:Homeobox Protein PITX2
chemical_list: D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000097577:Homeobox Protein PITX2; C101485:homeobox protein PITX1; C433629:homeobox protein PITX3