title: Identification of thermolabile Escherichia coli proteins: prevention and reversion of aggregation by DnaK and ClpB.
abstract: We systematically analyzed the capability of the major cytosolic chaperones of Escherichia coli to cope with protein misfolding and aggregation during heat stress in vivo and in cell extracts. Under physiological heat stress conditions, only the DnaK system efficiently prevented the aggregation of thermolabile proteins, a surprisingly high number of 150-200 species, corresponding to 15-25% of detected proteins. Identification of thermolabile DnaK substrates by mass spectrometry revealed that they comprise 80% of the large (>/=90 kDa) but only 18% of the small (</=30 kDa) cytosolic proteins and include essential proteins. The DnaK system in addition acts with ClpB to form a bi-chaperone system that quantitatively solubilizes aggregates of most of these proteins. Efficient solubilization also occurred in an in vivo order-of-addition experiment in which aggregates were formed prior to induction of synthesis of the bi-chaperone system. Our data indicate that large-sized proteins are most vulnerable to thermal unfolding and aggregation, and that the DnaK system has central, dual protective roles for these proteins by preventing their aggregation and, cooperatively with ClpB, mediating their disaggregation.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  chaperones/heat-shock response/Hsp70/protein denaturation/thermotolerance
authors.affiliation: Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 7, 79104 D-Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mogk
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tomoyasu
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Goloubinoff
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rüdiger
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Röder
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Langen
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bukau
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D018835:Chaperonin 10 / Q000378:metabolism; D018834:Chaperonin 60 / Q000378:metabolism; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D049071:Endopeptidase Clp; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007700:Kinetics; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008715:Methionine / Q000378:metabolism; D018832:Molecular Chaperones / Q000378:metabolism*; D008970:Molecular Weight; D011489:Protein Denaturation; D020673:Protein Renaturation; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012995:Solubility; D013104:Spheroplasts / Q000378:metabolism; D013816:Thermodynamics
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D018835:Chaperonin 10; D018834:Chaperonin 60; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; C068113:GrpE protein, Bacteria; C489400:GrpE protein, E coli; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; C489352:HtpG protein, E coli; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C066720:HtpG protein, bacteria; D008715:Methionine; D049071:Endopeptidase Clp; C063842:dnaK protein, E coli; C069775:ClpB protein, E coli