title: Impact of retrograde cerebral perfusion on aortic arch aneurysm repair.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Protection of the brain is a primary concern in aortic arch surgery. Retrograde cerebral perfusion is a relatively new technique used for cerebral protection during profound hypothermic circulatory arrest. This study was designed to compare, retrospectively, the outcome of 109 patients undergoing aortic arch operation with and without the use of retrograde cerebral perfusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-five patients had profound hypothermic circulatory arrest alone, and 54 patients had supplemental cerebral protection with retrograde cerebral perfusion. Mean age was 61 +/- 13 years and 58 +/- 14 years, respectively (mean +/- standard deviation). Twenty-two preoperative and intraoperative characteristics, including age, sex, acuity, presence of aortic dissection, and aneurysm rupture, were similar in the 2 groups (P >.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean circulatory arrest times (in minutes) were 30 +/- 19 in the group without retrograde cerebral perfusion and 33 +/- 19 in the group with retrograde cerebral perfusion, respectively. chi(2) Analysis revealed that patients operated on with the use of retrograde cerebral perfusion had significantly lower hospital mortality (15% vs 31%; P =.04) and in-hospital permanent neurologic complications (9% vs 27%; P =.01). Retrograde cerebral perfusion failed to reduce the prevalence of temporary neurologic dysfunction (17% vs 18%; P =.9). Stepwise multiple logistic regression revealed that extracorporeal circulation time, age, and lack of retrograde cerebral perfusion were statistically significant independent risk factors for hospital mortality. The same analysis revealed that lack of retrograde cerebral perfusion was the only significant independent risk factor for permanent neurologic dysfunction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Retrograde cerebral perfusion decreased the prevalence of permanent neurologic complications and the hospital mortality in patients undergoing aortic arch operations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Vienna, Austria. MEhrl198000@aol.com
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Ehrlich
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grabenwöger
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kocher
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ankersmit
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Laufer
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grubhofer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Havel
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wolner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000784:Aortic Dissection / Q000601:surgery; D017545:Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic / Q000601:surgery*; D001019:Aortic Rupture / Q000601:surgery; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005112:Extracorporeal Circulation; D005260:Female; D006324:Heart Arrest, Induced; D006801:Humans; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D010477:Perfusion / Q000379:methods; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome