title: Effects of local anesthetics on phospholipase D activity in differentiated human promyelocytic leukemic HL60 cells.
abstract: Local anesthetics impair certain functions of neutrophils, and phospholipase D (PLD) is considered to play an important role in the regulation of these functions. To understand the mechanisms by which local anesthetics suppress the functions of neutrophils, we examined the effects of local anesthetics on PLD in neutrophil-like differentiated human promyelocytic leukemic HL60 cells. Tetracaine, a local anesthetic, inhibited formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)- and 4beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced PLD activation, but potentiated fMLP-stimulated phospholipase C activity. All four local anesthetics tested suppressed PMA-induced PLD activation to different extents, and the order of their potency was tetracaine > bupivacaine > lidocaine > procaine. In a cell-free system, tetracaine suppressed guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTPgammaS)-induced PLD activation as well as PMA-induced PLD activation. Western blot analysis revealed that tetracaine prevented the membrane translocation of PLD-activating factors, ADP-ribosylation factor, RhoA, and protein kinase Calpha. Tetracaine also inhibited the activity of recombinant hPLD1a in vitro. These results suggest that local anesthetics suppress PLD activation in differentiated HL60 cells by preventing the membrane translocation of PLD-activating factors, and/or by directly inhibiting the enzyme per se. Therefore, it could be assumed that local anesthetics would suppress the functions of neutrophils by inhibition of PLD activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Gifu University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dohi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohguchi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Banno
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nozawa
mesh_terms: D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D016244:Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate) / Q000494:pharmacology; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010739:Phospholipase D / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D013748:Tetracaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013748:Tetracaine; D016244:Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate); D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine; D010739:Phospholipase D; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate