title: Production of sulfur flavors by ten strains of Geotrichum candidum.
abstract: Ten strains of Geotrichum candidum were studied on a liquid cheese model medium for the production of sulfur compounds which contribute to the aroma of cheeses. The volatile components produced by each cultured strain were extracted by dynamic headspace extractions, separated and quantified by gas chromatography (GC), and identified by GC-mass spectrometry. It was shown that four strains of this microorganism produced significant quantities of S-methyl thioacetate, S-methyl thiopropionate, S-methyl thiobutanoate, S-methyl thioisobutanoate, S-methyl thioisovalerate, and S-methyl thiohexanoate. This is the first example of the production of these compounds by a fungus. In addition, dimethyldisulfide, dimethyltrisulfide, dimethylsulfide, and methanethiol, which are more commonly associated with the development of cheese flavor in bacterial cultures, were also produced by G. candidum in various yields, depending on the strain selected. The potential application of these strains in cultured microbial associations to produce modified cheeses with more desirable organoleptic properties is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Laboratoire de Génie et Microbiologie des Procédés Alimentaires, Centre de Biotechnologies Agro-Industrielles, 78 850 Thiverval-Grignon, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Molimard
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Spinnler
mesh_terms: D002611:Cheese / Q000382:microbiology*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D003470:Culture Media; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D005848:Geotrichum / Q000502:physiology*; D013045:Species Specificity; D013440:Sulfides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D013649:Taste
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D013440:Sulfides