title: Pseudotyping human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by vesicular stomatitis virus G protein does not reduce the cell-dependent requirement of vif for optimal infectivity: functional difference between Vif and Nef.
abstract: The functions of Vif and Nef in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection have some similarities: Vif- and Nef-dependent enhancement of HIV-1 replication is cell type-specific, and defective mutations in these genes result in restricted proviral DNA synthesis in infected cells. It has recently been shown that pseudotyping HIV-1 by the envelope glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV-G) targets HIV-1 entry to an endocytic pathway and suppresses the requirement of Nef for virus infectivity. In this study, we examined whether VSV-G pseudotyping suppresses the requirement of Vif for HIV-1 infectivity. It was found that pseudotyping HIV-1 by VSV-G did not compensate for the Vif function. Together with the findings that Vif does not influence virus binding/entry and virion incorporation of Env, it is concluded that Vif enhances HIV-1 infectivity at the post-entry step(s) independently of the Env function by a different mechanism to that of Nef.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, School of Medicine, The University of Tokushima, 3 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan1.
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akari
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, School of Medicine, The University of Tokushima, 3 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan1.
authors.forename: Tsuneo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uchiyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, School of Medicine, The University of Tokushima, 3 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan1.
authors.forename: Tomoharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukumori
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, School of Medicine, The University of Tokushima, 3 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan1.
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iida
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, School of Medicine, The University of Tokushima, 3 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan1.
authors.forename: A Hajime
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Koyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, School of Medicine, The University of Tokushima, 3 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan1.
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Adachi
mesh_terms: D015693:Gene Products, nef / Q000502:physiology*; D016346:Gene Products, vif / Q000502:physiology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D014771:Virion / Q000502:physiology; D054311:nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D054320:vif Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
chemical_list: C028391:G protein, vesicular stomatitis virus; D015693:Gene Products, nef; D016346:Gene Products, vif; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D054311:nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D054320:vif Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus