title: Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2), platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase, is expressed by macrophages in human and rabbit atherosclerotic lesions.
abstract: We studied the expression of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) (Lp-PLA(2)), an enzyme capable of hydrolyzing platelet-activating factor (PAF), PAF-like phospholipids, and polar-modified phosphatidylcholines, in human and rabbit atherosclerotic lesions. Oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein, which plays an important role in atherogenesis, generates biologically active PAF-like modified phospholipid derivatives with polar fatty acid chains. PAF is known to have a potent proinflammatory activity and is inactivated by its hydrolysis. On the other hand, lysophosphatidylcholine and oxidized fatty acids released from oxidized low-density lipoprotein as a result of Lp-PLA(2) activity are thought to be involved in the progression of atherosclerosis. Using combined in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry, we detected Lp-PLA(2) mRNA and protein in macrophages in both human and rabbit atherosclerotic lesions. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated an increased expression of Lp-PLA(2) mRNA in human atherosclerotic lesions. In addition, approximately 6-fold higher Lp-PLA(2) activity was detected in atherosclerotic aortas of Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits compared with normal aortas from control rabbits. It is concluded that (1) macrophages in both human and rabbit atherosclerotic lesions express Lp-PLA(2), which could cleave any oxidatively modified phosphatidylcholine present in the lesion area, and (2) modulation of Lp-PLA(2) activity could lead to antiatherogenic effects in the vessel wall.
authors.affiliation: A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Häkkinen
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Luoma
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Hiltunen
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Macphee
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Milliner
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: S Q
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Tew
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Karkola
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ylä-Herttuala
mesh_terms: D043203:1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D016375:Antisense Elements (Genetics); D001011:Aorta / Q000166:cytology; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000201:enzymology*; D001384:Azetidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000201:enzymology*; D008297:Male; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008875:Middle Aged; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology; D010741:Phospholipases A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D011817:Rabbits; D013454:Sulfoxides / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D016375:Antisense Elements (Genetics); D001384:Azetidines; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008074:Lipoproteins; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C118636:SB 222657; D013454:Sulfoxides; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; D010741:Phospholipases A; D043203:1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase