title: Influence of muscle temperature on the contractile properties of the quadriceps muscle in humans with spinal cord injury.
abstract: Low muscle temperature in paralysed muscles of individuals with spinal cord injury may affect the contractile properties of these muscles. The present study was therefore undertaken to assess the effects of increased muscle temperature on the isometric contractile properties of electrically stimulated paralysed quadriceps muscles. When muscle temperature at a depth of 3 cm was increased from approximately 32 degrees C to approximately 36 degrees C by ultra-short-wave application, the half-relaxation time shortened and low-frequency force responses became less fused, but the maximal rate of increase in force remained unchanged. Heating had no effect upon either force decline or slowing of relaxation during fatiguing contractions. The force-frequency relationship of the paralysed quadriceps muscle was shifted to the right after the muscle was heated. Despite this shift, however, the relationship still resembled that in muscles of non-paralysed individuals, probably due to the unexplained high twitch forces. These results indicate that reduced muscle temperature in spinal-cord-injured individuals may lead to an underestimation of the changes in contractile properties in terms of relaxation rate or the degree of fusion with low-frequency stimulation. In addition, the force-frequency relationship of paralysed muscles does not accurately reflect the magnitude of these changes, even when the muscle is heated, and should therefore be treated with caution.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Fundamental and Clinical Human Movement Sciences, Vrije University Metropolitan, Amsterdam, v/d Boechorststraat 9, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands. k_gerrits@fbw.vu.nl
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Gerrits
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Haan
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Hopman
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: van der Woude
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Sargeant
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001831:Body Temperature; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018763:Muscle Fatigue; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*