title: High glucose increases growth and collagen synthesis in cultured human tubulointerstitial cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Altered proximal tubular cell growth and interstitial fibrosis are features of diabetic nephropathy and correlate with disease progression. These observations are poorly understood, although it has been suggested that they are secondary to glomerular disease. The primary aim of this study was to assess the direct effects of high extracellular glucose concentrations on the human tubulointerstitium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary cultures of human proximal tubule cells (PTCs) and cortical fibroblasts (CFs) were grown for 6 days in media containing either 6.1 mmol/l or 25 mmol/l glucose. Cell proliferation, thymidine uptake (a marker of DNA synthesis), protein content and collagen synthesis were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In PTCs, exposure to high glucose was associated with a 410+/-108% increase in cell numbers (P<0.001); 101+/-24% increase in thymidine uptake per cell (P<0.01) and a 39+/-6% decrease in protein content per cell (P<0.05). Collagen synthesis was increased by 37+/-11% (P<0.05). In CFs, exposure to high glucose was associated with an 80+/-25% increase in cell numbers (P<0.05); 137+/-50% increase in thymidine uptake per cell (P<0.001), with protein content per cell unchanged. Collagen synthesis increased by 37+/-13%; however, the difference was not significant (P = 0.07). There were no differences between control cells exposed to 6.1 mmol/l glucose or an osmotic control (6.1 mmol/l D-glucose +18.9mmol/l L-glucose).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exposure of human PTCs and CFs to high extracellular glucose concentrations results directly in altered cell growth and collagen synthesis that is independent of haemodynamic, glomerular or vascular pathology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Pollock
mesh_terms: D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003094:Collagen / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007672:Kidney Cortex / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D007687:Kidney Tubules, Proximal / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D003094:Collagen; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D005947:Glucose