title: Bilateral hippocampal encephalitis caused by enteroviral infection.
abstract: Nonpolio enteroviral encephalitis usually presents as a diffuse, generalized encephalitis. Focal cerebral involvement by nonpolioviruses is uncommon, and neuroradiologic studies in these cases are usually normal. The authors present a case of a 5-year-old male with an acute encephalitic illness and bilateral lesions of the hippocampi on magnetic resonance imaging. Enteroviral nucleic acids were detected in the cerebrospinal fluid by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The findings suggest that enteroviral infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute bilateral hippocampal encephalitis in patients in whom polymerase chain reaction fails to demonstrate the presence of herpes simplex virus.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liow
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Spanaki
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Boyer
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Greenlee
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Bale
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D018792:Encephalitis, Viral / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004769:Enterovirus Infections / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006624:Hippocampus; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction