title: Early beta-blocker therapy for acute myocardial infarction in elderly patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite the evidence supporting the importance of early beta-blocker therapy, this intervention has received little attention as an indicator of quality of care.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine how often beta-blockers are administered as early treatment of acute myocardial infarction in patients 65 years of age or older, to identify predictors of the decision to use beta-blockers, and to evaluate the association between the early use of beta-blockers and in-hospital mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nongovernment, acute care hospitals in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medicare beneficiaries who were 65 years of age or older, were hospitalized with an acute myocardial infarction in 1994 and 1995, and did not have a contraindication to beta-blocker therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical chart review to obtain information about the use of beta-blockers, contraindications to these drugs, patient demographics, and clinical factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 58 165 patients (from a total of 4414 hospitals), 28 256 (49%) received early beta-blocker therapy. Patients with the highest risk for in-hospital death were the least likely to receive therapy. Patients who received beta-blockers had a lower in-hospital mortality rate than patients who did not receive beta-blockers (odds ratio, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.75 to 0.87]), even after adjustment for baseline differences in demographic, clinical, and treatment characteristics between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early beta-blocker therapy was not used for 51% of elderly patients who were hospitalized with an acute myocardial infarction and did not have a contraindication to this therapy. Increasing the early use of beta-blockers for these patients would provide an excellent opportunity to improve their care and outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Yale University School of Medicine and the Yale-New Haven Hospital, Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Connecticut 06520-8025, USA. harlan.krumholz@yale.edu
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Krumholz
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Radford
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Marciniak
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000075202:Contraindications; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D019984:Quality Indicators, Health Care; D012372:ROC Curve; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists