title: A comparative study of endoscopic trigonoplasty for vesicoureteral reflux in children and in adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endoscopic trigonoplasty is an experimental therapy for vesicoureteral reflux. We investigated differences in surgical results between children and adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Endoscopic trigonoplasty was performed on 51 patients and 15 pediatric and 21 adult patients were included in this study. The children accounted for 27 cases of refluxing ureter (grade II, 8; III, 14; IV, 4; V, 1) and the adults for 28 cases (I, 4; II, 18; III, 4; IV, 2). There was a greater proportion of bilateral disease and a higher average degree of reflux in the children's group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found no significant differences in operative time, complications, analgesics usage, the duration of the indwelling catheter and hospital stay. Our follow up at 3 months showed that the reflux had ceased in 19 of 27 cases (70%) in the children's group and in 27 of 28 cases (96%) in the adults' group. The next follow up at 12 months showed that there was no reflux in 16 of 27 cases (59%) in 15 children and in 17 of 23 adult cases (74%). Trigonal splitting caused recurrence of reflux greater than grade II, in two children (13%) affecting four ureters and in three adults (14%) affecting four ureters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic trigonoplasty has proved to be equally less invasive in children and in adults, but vesicoureteral reflux was less often resolved in children. This suggests that the greater original distance between the ureteral orifices and the greater thickness of the detrusor muscle favor the adult patient. For children, a new surgical concept is needed to increase cessation rate of vesicoureteral reflux.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Japan. kikuo@dd.iij4u.or.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okamura
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsuji
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohshima
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000601:surgery*; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000601:surgery*