title: Survey of unlicensed and off label drug use in paediatric wards in European countries. European Network for Drug Investigation in Children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the extent of use of unlicensed and off label drugs in children in hospital in five European countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study of drugs administered to children in general paediatric medical wards over four weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children's wards in five hospitals (one each in the United Kingdom, Sweden, Germany, Italy, and the Netherlands).
  
  
  METHODS
  Children aged 4 days to 16 years admitted to general paediatric medical wards.
  
  
  METHODS
  Proportion of drugs that were used in an unlicensed or off label manner.
  
  
  RESULTS
  2262 drug prescriptions were administered to 624 children in the five hospitals. Almost half of all drug prescriptions (1036; 46%) were either unlicensed or off label. Of these 1036, 872 were off label and 164 were unlicensed. Over half of the patients (421; 67%) received an unlicensed or off label drug prescription.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of off label or unlicensed drugs to treat children is widespread. This problem is likely to affect children throughout Europe and requires European action.
authors.affiliation: Academic Division of Child Health (University of Nottingham), Derbyshire Children's Hospital, Derby DE22 3NE.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Conroy
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Choonara
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Impicciatore
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohn
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arnell
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rane
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Knoeppel
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Seyberth
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pandolfini
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Raffaelli
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rocchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bonati
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jong
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Hoog
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van den Anker
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002662:Child Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005060:Europe; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006769:Hospitals, General; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D004366:Nonprescription Drugs / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D004366:Nonprescription Drugs