title: High-level resistance to 3'-azido-3'-deoxythimidine due to a deletion in the reverse transcriptase gene of human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
abstract: A variant of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) possessing a deletion in the reverse transcriptase (RT) gene at codon 67 was identified in a patient who had failed combination antiretroviral therapy. This deletion initially emerged under the selective pressure of combination therapy with 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) plus 2',3'-dideoxyinosine. It has persisted for more than 3 years in association with the accumulation of a variety of other well-described drug resistance mutations and an uncharacterized mutation at RT codon 69 (T69G). Phenotypic studies demonstrated that the codon 67 deletion by itself had little effect on AZT sensitivity. However, in the context of the T69G mutation and three other mutations known to be associated with AZT resistance (K70R, T215F, and K219Q), this deletion led to a increase in AZT resistance from 8. 5-fold to 445-fold. A further increase in resistance (up to 1, 813-fold) was observed when two mutations associated with nonnucleoside RT inhibitor resistance (K103N and L74I) were added to the deletion T69G K70R T215F K219Q construct. Hence, these results establish that a deletion at RT codon 67 may be selected for in the presence of antiretroviral therapy and may lead to high-level resistance to AZT.
authors.affiliation: SAIC Frederick, Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imamichi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Imamichi
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Metcalf
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Falloon
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lane
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial / Q000235:genetics; D017353:Gene Deletion; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase / Q000235:genetics*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D015215:Zidovudine; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase