title: Beekeeper' arthropathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the clinical, analytical, and radiological features of an observed arthropathy affecting beekeepers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study of 34 patients (32 male, 2 female), mean age 42 years (range 16 to 66 years), evaluated for the presence of acute or chronic arthritis related to beekeeping. All patients were working and living in the same village, Fuenlabrada de los Montes (1300 habitants), where there is a census of 180 beekeepers. An epidemiologic inquiry reported that > 50% of them reported episodes of arthritis on the hands during the month of August, at the time of honey collection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Acute arthritis was observed in 10 patients. Pain, tenderness, joint swelling, and warmth were present in most cases. Chronic arthropathy was noted in 32 patients. Tenderness was present in 16 cases, synovial thickening in 12, limited joint mobility in 8, bony swelling in 15, and joint deformities in 13 patients. Radiological study showed periarticular soft tissue swelling, bone sclerosis, periostitis, bony erosions, subchondral cysts, geodes, osteophytes, and joint narrowing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Beekeepers have joint disease apparently related to bee stings. Etiopathogenesis is unknown. Mechanical trauma, venom compounds, infection, and foreign body synovitis are factors that are thought to influence the pathogenesis of this syndrome. We designate the condition "beekeepers' arthropathy," and consider it an occupational disorder.
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Txagorritxu, Vitoria, País Vasco, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cuende
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fraguas
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Peña
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Peña
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: González
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001168:Arthritis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D001514:Bee Venoms / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001516:Bees; D005260:Female; D005384:Finger Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D006722:Honey; D006801:Humans; D007299:Insect Bites and Stings; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D001514:Bee Venoms