title: Extraction of azadirachtin A from neem seed kernels by supercritical fluid and its evaluation by HPLC and LC/MS.
abstract: A new supercritical extraction methodology was applied to extract azadirachtin A (AZA-A) from neem seed kernels. Supercritical and liquid carbon dioxide (CO(2)) were used as extractive agents in a three-separation-stage supercritical pilot plant. Subcritical conditions were tested too. Comparisons were carried out by calculating the efficiency of the pilot plant with respect to the milligrams per kilogram of seeds (ms/mo) of AZA-A extracted. The most convenient extraction was gained using an ms/mo ratio of 119 rather than 64. For supercritical extraction, a separation of cuticular waxes from oil was set up in the pilot plant. HPLC and electrospray mass spectroscopy were used to monitor the yield of AZA-A extraction.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienza degli Alimenti, Università di Napoli "Federico II" Parco Gussone, 80055 Portici (Napoli), Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ambrosino
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fresa
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fogliano
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Monti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ritieni
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D007306:Insecticides / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D036701:Limonins; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014197:Trees; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D036701:Limonins; D014315:Triterpenes; C010329:azadirachtin