title: The impact of race on biochemical disease-free survival in early-stage prostate cancer patients treated with surgery or radiation therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the impact of race on biochemical freedom from recurrence in patients with early-stage prostate cancer treated either by radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between July 1989 and December 1994, 693 patients with early-stage prostate cancer were treated with radiation (302 patients) or by radical prostatectomy (391 patients) at Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute/Wayne State University. Stage, Gleason score, race, pretreatment PSA, and follow-up PSA values were abstracted. There were 387 Caucasian males (CM) and 306 African-American males (AAM). None of the patients received hormone therapy. Radiation therapy was delivered using photon irradiation (249 patients, median dose 69 Gy) or mixed neutron/photon irradiation (53 patients, median dose 10 NGy + 38 PGy). Median follow-up was 36 months (range 2-70) for CM and 35 months (range 1-70) for AAM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-seven percent of patients treated surgically were AAM, compared to 53% in the radiation group (p = 0001). AAM had a higher median prostate-specific antigen (PSA) than CM (9.78 ng/ml vs. 8.0 ng/ml, p = 0.01). Thirty-three percent of AAM had a pretreatment PSA greater than 15 ng/ml compared to 20% of CM (p = 0.00001). Disease-free survival (DFS) by race was equivalent at 36 months, 81% for CM and 77% for AAM (p = NS). For patients with PSA < or =15, DFS rates were 87% and 85% for CM and AAM, respectively. DFS rates for patients with PSA >15 were 61% for CM and 64% for AAM (p = NS). Significant prognostic factors on multivariate analysis included pretreatment PSA (p = 0.0001) and Gleason score (p = 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Race does not appear to adversely affect biochemical disease-free survival in males treated for early-stage prostate cancer. African-American males with early-stage prostate cancer should expect similar biochemical disease-free survival rates to those seen in Caucasian males.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute/Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA. hartk@karmanos.org
authors.forename: K B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tekyi-Mensah
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Pontes
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Forman
mesh_terms: D044383:Black People; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D044465:White People; D001741:Black or African American
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen