title: Lipid solubilization in human gallbladder versus hepatic biles.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cholesterol crystallizes more rapidly in gallbladder than in hepatic biles, supposedly due to formation of cholesterol-supersaturated vesicles in concentrated gallbladder biles because of preferential micellization of phospholipids compared to cholesterol. We therefore aimed to compare lipid solubilization in hepatic and gallbladder biles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mixed micellar and vesicular phases were separated from hepatic and associated gallbladder biles of seven cholesterol gallstone patients by using state-of-the-art gel filtration with bile salts at intermixed micellar/intervesicular compositions and concentrations in the eluant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vesicles were found in 6 out of 7 hepatic biles, but only in 2 of the corresponding gallbladder biles. Both percentage (7.8+/-5.1 vs. 36.3+/-7.6%; p = 0.01) and amount (0.9+/-0.2 vs. 1.7+/-0.3 mM; p = 0.06) of vesicular cholesterol were lower in gallbladder biles. Similar results were found for vesicular phospholipids (1.3+/-0.8 vs. 11.6+/-6.0%; p = 0.05; and 0.3+/-0.1 vs. 1.1+/-0.5 mM; p = 0.07). The vesicular cholesterol/ phospholipid ratio was 1.7+/-0.5 in hepatic bile but 4.3 and 1.8 in the 2 gallbladder biles which contained vesicles. Mixed micelles in gallbladder biles had a higher cholesterol saturation index than mixed micelles in hepatic biles (1.43+/-0.11 vs. 1.15+/-0.07; p = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Concentration of bile in the gallbladder leads to decreased vesicular lipid contents. The finding of supersaturated mixed micelles in the absence of vesicles in a significant number of patients points to the possibility of non-vesicular modes of crystallization.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Gastroenterology and Surgery, University Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Eckhardt
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: van Erpecum
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: de Smet
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Go
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: van Berge-Henegouwen
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Renooij
mesh_terms: D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000378:metabolism*; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000378:metabolism