title: Overexpression of intestinal trefoil factor in human colon carcinoma cells reduces cellular growth in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Intestinal trefoil factor (ITF) has a role in gastrointestinal mucosal integrity and the repair of damaged mucosa. However, little is known about its role in tumors. To analyze the role of ITF in colon carcinomas, overexpression of the ITF gene in colon carcinoma cells was used.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human colon carcinoma cell lines LoVo and SW837, expressing no endogenous ITF, and WiDr expressing a low level of ITF were stably transfected with an expression vector harboring human ITF complementary DNA. The effects of ITF overexpression on in vitro growth, morphology in collagen gel, response to epidermal growth factor (EGF), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity, and growth in nude mice were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overexpression of ITF in LoVo and SW837 resulted in significantly reduced growth in vitro and in vivo. In collagen gels, the ITF-expressing LoVo clones formed smaller, more dispersed colonies. EGF-induced phosphorylation of MAPKs was modestly reduced in the ITF-expressing clones. The growth of WiDr was modestly suppressed only in vivo by ITF overexpression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overexpression of ITF suppressed the growth of colon carcinoma cells. ITF may function as an inhibitory factor for the growth of colonic neoplasm.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Pathology, Miyazaki Medical College, Miyazaki, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uchino
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kataoka
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hamasuna
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koono
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D002999:Clone Cells; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D009077:Mucins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D000071164:Trefoil Factor-2; D000071165:Trefoil Factor-3; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D006133:Growth Substances; D009077:Mucins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D010455:Peptides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C099037:TFF3 protein, rat; D000071164:Trefoil Factor-2; D000071165:Trefoil Factor-3; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases