title: The effect of retreatment with interferon-alpha on the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis C.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interferon (IFN) has been reported to have beneficial long term effects that reduce the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), even in patients who do not have complete responses to IFN. The authors evaluated the effect of retreatment with IFN-alpha on the long term prognoses of those with incomplete responses to their initial IFN-alpha treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among 271 patients with incomplete responses to initial IFN-alpha treatment who had received sufficient dose and duration (a total dose of more than 350 megaunits administered over a period longer than 12 weeks) between October 1989 and September 1997, 63 patients received retreatment and 208 did not. The authors retrospectively compared the incidence of HCC between patients who received retreatment and those who did not.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in the clinical characteristics between these two groups. The cumulative incidence of HCC was significantly lower among the patients who had retreatment, and retreatment with IFN-alpha was the only factor that correlated with the lower incidence of HCC in multivariate analysis. The results were similar when the 12 patients with complete responses to retreatment were excluded from the analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Retreatment with IFN-alpha appeared to have the additional effect of suppressing the development of HCC in patients who had incomplete responses to the initial treatment, even when the hepatitis C virus was not cleared (i.e., a complete response was not achieved) with retreatment. Further prospective study is required.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toyoda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kumada
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kiriyama
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sone
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hisanaga
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000209:etiology / Q000821:virology*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000235:genetics; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000821:virology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D012367:RNA, Viral