title: Multiple drug-resistant Salmonella typhimurium DT104 and DT104b isolated in bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus).
abstract: Multiple drug-resistant Salmonella typhimurium, definitive type (DT) 104 and DT104b, were isolated in three separate hunting preserve bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) outbreaks. The cases involved 4-day-old and 3-wk-old quail with increased mortality of 5%-8.6%, respectively. Postmortem lesions included emaciation, distended abdomens, and dark colon contents, which were gaseous and fluid in consistency. Salmonella typhimurium isolated from the intestines and/or livers was resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, and tetracycline. The isolate involving the 3-wk-old quail was phage typed as S. typhimurium DT104. The isolates involving the two cases of 4-day-old quail were phage typed as S. typhimurium DT104b.
authors.affiliation: Animal Health Programs, Clemson University Livestock Poultry Health, Columbia, SC 29224, USA.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Helm
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Hines
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Caver
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001434:Bacteriophage Typing; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality; D003088:Colinus / Q000382:microbiology*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000662:veterinary*; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial / Q000235:genetics*; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple / Q000235:genetics*; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013022:South Carolina