Altered growth regulation and loss of response to retinoic acid accompany tumorigenic transformation of prostatic cells.
In vitro models of human prostatic carcinogenesis are increasingly available and include representatives of normal, immortal, tumorigenic and metastatic phenotypes. In this study, growth regulation of immortal, but non-tumorigenic, human papillomavirus-transformed prostatic epithelial cells was compared to that of their tumorigenic variants. These variants were created either by exposure to a carcinogen or by passage through mice. In all cases, tumorigenic cells retained responsiveness to a potent mitogen, epidermal growth factor, and to a potent growth inhibitory factor, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Responses to other growth regulatory factors were altered. One set of transformants, CA-HPV-10 and its tumorigenic variants 5019 and 5019IIc, lost their requirement for insulin-like growth factor. Another set, RWPE-1 and its tumorigenic variant 129Nu5002-1 Tu, became unresponsive to growth inhibition by transforming growth factor-beta. The only alteration uniquely correlated with the tumorigenic phenotype was loss of response to retinoic acid. This factor, which inhibits growth of normal and immortal but non-tumorigenic prostatic epithelial cells, had no effect on tumorigenic 129Nu5002-1 Tu cells. We previously reported that conversion of an SV40-immortalized prostatic epithelial cell line to tumorigenicity by introduction of the ras oncogene also resulted in loss of responsiveness to growth inhibitory activity of retinoic acid. 129Nu5002-1 Tu cells, which do not have an altered ras gene, gained the same phenotype. This suggests that loss of inhibition by retinoic acid may be a critical element in the tumorigenic conversion of prostatic epithelial cells.
Peehl
D M
DM
Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305, USA. dpeehl@leland.stanford.edu
Sellers
R G
RG
Arnstein
P
P
Kung
H F
HF
Rhim
J S
JS
D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000494:pharmacology; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000494:pharmacology; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D008934:Mitogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000378:metabolism; D011003:Ploidies; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008934:Mitogens; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014212:Tretinoin; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D002117:Calcitriol