title: O(6)-(4-bromothenyl)guanine improves the therapeutic index of temozolomide against A375M melanoma xenografts.
abstract: Tumour resistance to methylating agents is linked to expression of the DNA repair protein O(6)-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (ATase). There is considerable interest in improving the efficacy of O(6)-alkylating chemotherapy by prior depletion of ATase. We have tested the ability of a modified guanine base, O(6)-(4-bromothenyl)guanine (4BTG), to inactivate ATase and to enhance the anti-tumour effect of temozolomide in an animal model system. A375M human melanoma xenografts were established in the flanks of nude mice. ATase depletion after a single dose of 4BTG or O(6)-BG (20 mg/kg i.p.) was determined over a 24 hr period. Subsequently, we tested the effect of 4BTG (20 mg/kg i.p. daily) and/or temozolomide (80-175 mg/kg i.p. daily) over a 5-day schedule on tumour growth. 4BTG was an effective inactivator of ATase in tumour, producing complete depletion within 2 hr of dosing. Furthermore, it enhanced the tumour growth delay achieved with temozolomide, increasing the tumour quintupling time by 8.7 days (95% confidence interval 6.1-11.3 days, p < 0.0001). Whilst the delay in tumour growth was indistinguishable from that observed with O(6)-benzylguanine (O(6)-BG) and temozolomide, the 4BTG combination resulted in considerably less toxicity (0/9 vs. 2/9 deaths; 6.84% weight loss vs. 9.48%, p = 0.019). 4BTG is a potent inactivator of ATase and enhances the therapeutic ratio of temozolomide in this model system to a greater extent than O(6)-BG.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Campaign Department of Carcinogenesis, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Manchester, UK. mmiddleton@picr.man.ac.uk
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Middleton
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Thatcher
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Donnelly
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: McElhinney
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: McMurry
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: McCormick
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Margison
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003606:Dacarbazine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006147:Guanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D000077204:Temozolomide; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; C403290:O(6)-(4-bromothenyl)guanine; C064976:O(6)-benzylguanine; D006147:Guanine; D003606:Dacarbazine; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; D000077204:Temozolomide