title: Time- and dose-related interactions between glucocorticoid and cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate on CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-dependent insulin-like growth factor I expression by osteoblasts.
abstract: Glucocorticoid has complex effects on osteoblasts. Several of these changes appear to be related to steroid concentration, duration of exposure, or specific effects on growth factor expression or activity within bone. One important bone growth factor, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), is induced in osteoblasts by hormones such as PGE2 that increase intracellular cAMP levels. In this way, PGE2 activates transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-delta (C/EBPdelta) and enhances its binding to a specific control element found in exon 1 in the IGF-I gene. Our current studies show that preexposure to glucocorticoid enhanced C/EBPdelta and C/EBPbeta expression by osteoblasts and thereby potentiated IGF-I gene promoter activation in response to PGE2. Importantly, this directly contrasts with inhibitory effects on IGF-I expression that result from sustained or pharmacologically high levels of glucocorticoid exposure. Consistent with the stimulatory effect of IGF-I on bone protein synthesis, pretreatment with glucocorticoid sensitized osteoblasts to PGE2, and in this context significantly enhanced new collagen and noncollagen protein synthesis. Therefore, pharmacological levels of glucocorticoid may reduce IGF-I expression by osteoblasts and cause osteopenic disease, whereas physiological transient increases in glucocorticoid may permit or amplify the effectiveness of hormones that regulate skeletal tissue integrity. These events appear to converge on the important role of C/EBPdelta and C/EBPbeta on IGF-I expression by osteoblasts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8041, USA. thomas.mccarthy@yale.edu
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: McCarthy
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Centrella
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004586:Electrophoresis; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010957:Plasmids / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013997:Time Factors; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D004247:DNA; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D015232:Dinoprostone