The B7-CD28/CTLA-4 costimulatory pathways in autoimmune disease of the central nervous system.
The past year has seen significant advances in our understanding of the role of the B7-CD28/CTLA-4 pathway in regulating the responses of self-reactive T cells, giving impetus to manipulation of this pathway for treating human autoimmune diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated that B7-CD28 costimulation has critical roles in stimulating both the initiation and effector phases of autoimmunity and that CD28 regulates the threshold for activation of self-reactive T cells. Recent work has also revealed critical roles for CTLA-4 in limiting the extent of Th1/Th2 cell differentiation and in downregulating the responses of self-reactive T cells during both the initiation and progression of autoimmune disease.
Anderson
D E
DE
University of California (Davis) School of Medicine 95616, USA. deanderson@ucdavis.edu
Sharpe
A H
AH
Hafler
D A
DA
D000069594:Abatacept; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D018122:B7-1 Antigen / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018106:CD28 Antigens / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D018796:Immunoconjugates
D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D018122:B7-1 Antigen; D018106:CD28 Antigens; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C556706:CTLA4 protein, human; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D000069594:Abatacept