title: Oligomerization state of MIP proteins expressed in Xenopus oocytes as revealed by freeze-fracture electron-microscopy analysis.
abstract: The MIP (major intrinsic protein) family is a widespread family of membrane proteins exhibiting two major types of channel properties: aquaporins and solute facilitators. In the present study, freeze-fracture electron microscopy was used to investigate the oligomerization state of two MIP proteins heterologously expressed in the plasma membrane of Xenopus laevis oocytes: AQPcic, an aquaporin from the insect Cicadella viridis, and GlpF, a glycerol facilitator from Escherichia coli. Swelling assays performed on oocytes 48 and 72 h following cRNA microinjections showed that these proteins were functionally expressed. Particle density determinations indicated that expression of proteins is related to an increase in particle density on the P fracture face of oocyte plasma membranes. Statistical analysis of particle sizes was performed on protoplasmic fracture faces of the plasma membrane of oocytes expressing AQPcic and GlpF 72 h after cRNA microinjections. Compared to control oocytes, AQPcic-expressing oocytes exhibited a specific population of particles with a mean diameter of 8.7 +/- 0.1 nm. This value is consistent with the previously reported tetrameric organization of AQPcic. In addition, AQPcic particles aggregate and form orthogonal arrays similar to those observed in native membranes of C. viridis, consisting of homotetramers of AQPcic. On the protoplasmic fracture face of oocytes expressing GlpF, the particle density is increased by 4.1-fold and the mean diameter of specifically added particles is 5.8 +/- 0.1 nm. This value fits with a monomer of the 28-kDa GlpF protein plus the platinum-carbon layer. These results clearly demonstrate that GlpF is a monomer when functionally expressed in plasma membranes of Xenopus oocytes and therefore emphasize the key role of the oligomerization state of MIP proteins with respect to their function.
authors.affiliation: Equipe Canaux et Récepteurs Membranaires, UPRES-A CNRS 6026, Rennes Cedex, Bretagne, 35042, France. Patrik.Bron@univ-rennes1.fr
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bron
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lagrée
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Froger
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Rolland
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Hubert
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Delamarche
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Deschamps
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pellerin
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Haase
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020346:Aquaporins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004926:Escherichia coli; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D005614:Freeze Fracturing; D015870:Gene Expression; D020104:Immunophilins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D019476:Insect Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D008854:Microscopy, Electron / Q000379:methods*; D009865:Oocytes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010316:Particle Size; D019696:Peptidylprolyl Isomerase; D020836:Protein Structure, Quaternary; D014981:Xenopus
chemical_list: C102524:AQPcic protein, Cicadella viridis; D020346:Aquaporins; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D019476:Insect Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C078043:GlpF protein, E coli; D020104:Immunophilins; D019696:Peptidylprolyl Isomerase; C068254:FkpA protein, E coli