title: Effectiveness of an acute pain service inception in a general hospital.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effects of an Acute Pain Service (APS) inception on postoperative pain management in a general teaching hospital using pain indicators as performance measures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Open, prospective, nonrandomized, observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Postanesthesia Care Unit, surgical wards of University Hospital Center of Charleroi.
  
  
  METHODS
  1304 patients in the pre-APS inception phase and 671 patients after its implemention who have undergone various types of surgery (orthopedics, gynecology, urology, neurosurgery, stomatology, ear, nose, and throat, ophthalmic, abdominal, vascular-thoracic, plastic, and maxillofacial).
  
  
  METHODS
  An APS, nurse-based, anesthesiologist-supervised model was devised, based on the concept that postoperative pain relief can be greatly improved by providing in-service training for surgical nursing staff and optimal use of systemic analgesics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postoperative pain was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) every 4 hours for 72 hours in the two phases. Analgesic consumption was registered at the same time. Time-related VAS scores were summarized using several pain indicators. There was an overall improvement in the pain scores after APS inception. The differences were most pronounced, around 50%, in patients undergoing vascular, maxillofacial, gynecologic, and urologic surgeries, and stomatology. Regular administration of paracetamol and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs decreased morphine consumption in the second phase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study validates the benefits of a formal APS, using continuous monitoring of rest pain intensity and analgesic consumption in the postoperative period. Results not only support previous research findings but also offer outcome-based tools to evaluate current practices as compared with desired outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Center, Charleroi, Belgium.
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Bardiau
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Braeckman
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Seidel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Albert
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Boogaerts
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000776:Anesthesiology; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017598:Efficiency, Organizational; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006769:Hospitals, General / Q000458:organization & administration; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching / Q000458:organization & administration; D006801:Humans; D007318:Inservice Training; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D018710:Pain Clinics / Q000458:organization & administration; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000451:nursing / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016528:Postanesthesia Nursing / Q000193:education; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000145:classification; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000082:Acetaminophen; D009020:Morphine