title: Consistency and development of prosocial dispositions: a longitudinal study.
abstract: The issue of whether there is consistency in prosocial dispositions was examined with a longitudinal data set extending from ages 4 to 5 years into early adulthood (N = 32). Spontaneous prosocial behaviors observed in the preschool classroom predicted actual prosocial behavior, other- and self-reported prosocial behavior, self-reported sympathy, and perspective taking in childhood to early adulthood. Prosocial behaviors that were not expected to reflect an other-orientation (i.e., low cost helping and compliant prosocial behavior) generally did not predict later prosocial behavior or sympathy. Sympathy appeared to partially mediate the relation of early spontaneous sharing to later prosocial dispositions. The results support the view that there are stable individual differences in prosocial responding that have their origins in early childhood.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe 85287-1104, USA. nancy.eisenberg@asu.edu
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Eisenberg
authors.forename: I K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Guthrie
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Shepard
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cumberland
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carlo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010553:Personality Development; D012919:Social Behavior; D012951:Socialization