title: EMS provider reluctance to perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the willingness of EMS providers to perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation (MMR) both with and without a barrier device (e.g., face shield), while not on duty; and to determine the providers' perceived risk from performing MMR and the frequency with which they carry a barrier device.
  
  
  METHODS
  A survey was mailed to 543 EMS providers presenting four scenarios describing a patient in respiratory arrest. The respondents were asked whether they would perform MMR in each scenario both with and without a barrier device.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of those surveyed, 342 (64%) responded. Strikingly few (< or =5%) of the respondents would perform MMR without a barrier on each of the cases, except for the case of a pediatric drowning (52%). The respondents were least likely to perform MMR on a patient with AIDS (< 1%). The respondents were much more likely to perform MMR in each case if a barrier device was available. The respondents were very concerned about the risk of contagion from MMR, yet 44% of the respondents rarely or never carried a barrier device with them.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Emergency medical services providers are quite reluctant to perform MMR, and this is likely related to their perception of a high risk of contagion. The availability of barrier devices greatly decreases this reluctance, but EMS personnel carry such devices infrequently.
authors.affiliation: Emergency Medicine Residency, St. Luke's Hospital, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA.
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Melanson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: O'Gara
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000523:psychology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003625:Data Collection; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D004634:Emergency Medical Technicians / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000523:psychology; D011482:Protective Devices; D016079:Refusal to Treat; D014481:United States