title: Post-treatment PSA < or = 0.2 ng/mL defines disease freedom after radiotherapy for prostate cancer using modern techniques.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) definition of disease freedom after radiotherapy for prostate cancer is still in dispute. This report focuses on the PSA nadir achieved in men treated by modern radiotherapy techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1984 to 1994, 489 consecutive men with clinical Stage T1 -T2 prostate cancer were treated by simultaneous radiation: prostate iodine-125 implant followed by external beam radiation. A transperineal implant was performed on 143 men with Stage T1-T2NX, the focus of this study; 346 men with Stage T1-T2N0 had a retropubic implant. The median pretreatment PSA was 8.3 ng/mL (range 0.3 to 188). A rising PSA was defined as one that rose on three consecutive occasions above whatever nadir was achieved. A minimum 5-year follow-up (range 5 to 15) was reached by 453 men.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After a minimum 5-year follow-up, 336 men had a nonrising PSA, and of this group, 107 had undergone simultaneous radiation by the transperineal implant technique. A PSA nadir of 0.2 ng/mL or less was achieved by 97% of the transperineally implanted men, and 3% had a nadir of 0.3 to 1.0 ng/mL. Of the 489 men, those who had a nadir of 0.2 ng/mL or less had a 92% nonrising PSA rate (P = 0.001) 10 years after treatment compared with a 41% rate for men who had a nadir of 0.3 to 1.0 ng/mL. All men whose nadir was greater than 1.0 ng/mL had recurrence. The median time to achieve the PSA nadir of 0.2 ng/mL was 27 months (range 3 to 102).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Primarily on the basis of the results from men treated with simultaneous radiation using the transperineal technique, the definition of disease freedom for radiotherapy should be men who achieve and maintain a PSA nadir of 0.2 ng/mL or less.
authors.affiliation: Radiotherapy Clinics of Georgia, Decatur, USA.
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Critz
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Holladay
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Levinson
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Benton
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Holladay
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Schnell
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Maxa
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Shrake
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D012074:Remission Induction
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen