title: Clinical study and follow-up of 100 patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the clinical characteristics at diagnosis and during follow-up of patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and to analyze the influence of treatment on their outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred patients with APS were included (86% female and 14% male; mean age, 36 years). Sixty-two percent had primary APS and 38% had APS associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The median length of follow-up was 49 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-three percent of the patients had thromboses, 52% had thrombocytopenia, and 60% of the women had pregnancy losses. Patients with APS associated with SLE had a higher prevalence of hemolytic anemia (P = .02), thrombocytopenia (platelet count lower than 100 x 10(9)/L) (P = .004), antinuclear antibodies (P = .0002), and low complement levels. Fifty-three percent of the patients with thrombosis had recurrent episodes (86% in the same site as the previous thrombotic event). Recurrences were observed in 19% of the episodes treated with long-term oral anticoagulation, in 42% treated prophylactically with aspirin, and in 91% in which anticoagulant/antiaggregant treatment was discontinued (P = .0007). Multivariate analysis showed that prophylactic treatment and older age had an independent predictive value for rethrombosis. Prophylactic treatment during pregnancy (usually with aspirin) increased the live birth rate from 38% to 72% (P = .0002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with APS have a high risk of recurrent thromboses. Long-term oral anticoagulation seems to be the best prophylactic treatment to prevent recurrences. Prophylactic treatment with aspirin during pregnancy reduced the rate of miscarriages remarkably.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hemotherapy and Hemostasis, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Rodriguez
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Font
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cervera
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Reverter
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tàssies
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Espinosa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: López-Soto
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Carmona
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Balasch
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ordinas
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ingelmo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors