title: Genotoxicity tests with 6-acetyl-1,1,2,4,4,7-hexamethyltetraline and 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta-gamma-2-benzopyr an.
abstract: 6-Acetyl-1,1,2,4,4,7-hexamethyltetraline (AHTN) and 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta-gamma-2-ben zopyran (HHCB), synthetic fragrance ingredients, were evaluated for potential genotoxicity in a battery of short-term tests. Salmonella typhimurium/Escherichia coli plate incorporation and liquid preincubation assays were conducted on AHTN using tester strains TA97, TA98, TA100, TA102, TA1535, TA1537 and WP2 uvrA +/- S9 activation at doses from 8 to 5000 micrograms/plate. The plate incorporation mutagenicity assay was conducted on HHCB using tester strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, TA1538 and WP2 uvrA +/- S9 activation at doses from 10 to 5000 micrograms/plate. An in vitro cytogenetics assay in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells was conducted with AHTN and HHCB at three concentrations each with +/- S9 activation. In the non-activated study, the exposure/harvest periods were 4/20-, 20/20- and 44/44-h. In the S9 activated study, the exposure/harvest periods were 4/20- and 4/44-h. In vitro unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) assays were conducted in primary rat hepatocytes at concentrations between 0.15 and 50 micrograms/ml for AHTN and HHCB. In vivo mouse micronucleus assays were conducted with high doses of 1600 mg AHTN/kg and of 1500 mg HHCB/kg in corn oil. No positive responses were observed in any of the tests with HHCB. With AHTN, no positive responses were observed except for cells with structural aberrations in the in vitro cytogenetics assay in CHO cells with S9 activation at the treatment/harvest time of 4/20 h. In initial studies with AHTN, the high dose of 7.8 micrograms/ml showed 0.5% aberrant cells, with the mitotic index at 41% relative to vehicle control and cell growth inhibition in the range of 25-50%. Thus the genotoxicity findings with AHTN were limited to this one positive response; all other genotoxicity tests with AHTN were considered as negative. In particular, the negative finding in the in vivo assay supports AHTN as not likely to be mutagenic in mammalian systems. These considerations, along with other negative published data, lead to the conclusion that both AHTN and HHCB do not have significant potential to act as genotoxic carcinogens.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Hackensack, NJ 07601, USA. api@rifm.org
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Api
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: San
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000633:toxicity*; D016466:CHO Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D006224:Cricetinae; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D004260:DNA Repair; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000187:drug effects*; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D010476:Perfume / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D013764:Tetrahydronaphthalenes / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D001578:Benzopyrans; D010476:Perfume; D013764:Tetrahydronaphthalenes; C033119:galaxolide; C033116:acetyl methyl tetramethyl tetralin; D004247:DNA