title: Immunohistochemical expression of p53, nm23-HI, Ki67 and DNA ploidy: correlation with lymph node status and other clinical pathologic parameters in breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The different clinical evolution of breast cancer with similar pathological characteristics prompted the authors to investigate the prognostic significance of different biological markers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-one primary breast carcinoma specimens obtained by mastectomy or quadrantectomy were examined for the determination of the p53, nm23 and Ki67 expression, with immunohistochemistry, and the DNA content, with static cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  p53 protein was expressed as nuclear staining in 58% of the cases and was associated with high levels of Ki67, non-diploid lesions and lymph-node status. Positive staining for nm23 was significantly correlated only with histologic grading. A predictive role in disease recurrence was demonstrated only in patients with a high Ki67 nuclear expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From these data, we may conclude that, besides all the other traditional clinical morphological parameters, a panel of different biological markers, such as Ki67 and the determination of p53 expression, may be utilized to further characterize breast cancer and its biological behavior.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Midulla
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Iorio
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nagar
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pisani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cenci
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Valli
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nofroni
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vecchione
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007700:Kinetics; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D020559:Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D054778:NM23 Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinases; D009701:Nucleoside-Diphosphate Kinase; D011003:Ploidies; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D054778:NM23 Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinases; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D004247:DNA; C517938:NME1 protein, human; D009701:Nucleoside-Diphosphate Kinase; D020559:Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins