title: Fecal eosinophil granule-derived proteins reflect disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were: 1) to examine whether the fecal levels of eosinophil granule-derived proteins reflect disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); and 2) to examine the extracellular release of these proteins from eosinophils and their stability in feces by an in vitro study.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated 42 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), 37 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), and 29 control subjects. The stool samples were collected at 4 degrees C over 48 h and were homogenized. The fecal levels of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and eosinophil protein X (EPX) were measured by radioimmunoassay. Fecal Hb (Hb), alpha1-antitrypsin (AT), and lactoferrin (Lf) were also measured by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fecal ECP and EPX concentrations were significantly increased in both active UC and active CD compared to inactive UC and inactive CD, respectively. Fecal EPX concentration correlated with the fecal Hb, AT, and Lf concentrations more closely than fecal ECP concentration. Even in the inactive stage, CD patients who relapsed within the following 3 months showed higher fecal ECP and EPX concentrations compared to the patients who did not. EPX was released extracellularly more efficiently than ECP (18.6% vs 6.3%, after incubation for 15 min at 25 degrees C). EPX was more stable in the feces than ECP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The measurement of eosinophil granule-derived proteins in feces is useful for evaluating disease activity and predicting relapse in patients with IBD. EPX may be more suitable than ECP as a fecal eosinophil marker.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Saitoh
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Matsuse
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tabata
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kayazawa
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Katsu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000175:diagnosis*; D018450:Disease Progression; D047091:Eosinophil Granule Proteins; D047208:Eosinophil-Derived Neurotoxin; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000737:chemistry; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D006452:Hemoglobinometry; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000032:analysis*; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D012260:Ribonucleases; D000515:alpha 1-Antitrypsin / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D047091:Eosinophil Granule Proteins; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D000515:alpha 1-Antitrypsin; D047208:Eosinophil-Derived Neurotoxin; D012260:Ribonucleases; D007781:Lactoferrin