title: Donepezil therapy in clinical practice: a randomized crossover study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the efficacy of donepezil hydrochloride for the treatment of Alzheimer disease in patients drawn from clinical practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two-center, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-masked crossover study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Memory disorders units at Massachusetts General and Brigham and Women's hospitals, Boston.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty individuals (30 men and 30 women; mean +/- SD age, 75.0+/-9.5 years) with probable Alzheimer disease and scores of 20 or less on the information-memory-concentration subscale of the Blessed Dementia Scale.
  
  
  METHODS
  Placebo wash-in, followed in randomized sequence by (1) donepezil hydrochloride therapy, 5 mg/d, for 6 weeks, followed by placebo washout for 6 weeks and (2) placebo treatment for 6 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Change in Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale cognitive subscale scores from the beginning to the end of the two 6-week treatment periods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among patients completing treatment and testing for both periods (n = 48), subscale scores improved (mean +/- SEM) 2.17+/-0.98 points (95% confidence interval, 0.20-4.10 points) during donepezil therapy relative to placebo therapy (P = .04). Scores returned toward baseline within 3 weeks of drug washout. There was no associated change in caregiver-rated global impression (donepezil vs placebo: proportion improved, 0.24 vs 0.22; proportion worsened, 0.27 vs 0.35; P = .34) or on specific tests of explicit memory or verbal fluency. Contrary to studies with tacrine, the presence of the apolipoprotein E epsilon4 allele did not predict donepezil treatment failure. Most common adverse events related to donepezil therapy were nausea (5 patients), diarrhea (3 patients), and agitation (3 patients). Serious events possibly related to drug use were seizure, pancreatitis, and syncope (1 patient each).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This independent confirmation of data from phase 3 trials suggests that donepezil therapy modestly improves cognition in patients with Alzheimer disease who are encountered in clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Partners HealthCare Inc of Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114, USA. greenberg@helix.mgh.harvard.edu
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Tennis
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gomez-Isla
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Hayden
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Schoenfeld
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Corwin
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Daffner
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Meadows
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Sperling
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Growdon
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D000077265:Donepezil; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007189:Indans / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D018697:Nootropic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010880:Piperidines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007189:Indans; D018697:Nootropic Agents; D010880:Piperidines; D000077265:Donepezil