title: Angle-independent motion measurement by correlation of ultrasound signals assessed with a single circular-shaped transducer.
abstract: In medicine, pulsed ultrasound is a widespread noninvasive technique that measures motion in the direction of the ultrasound beam, i.e., axial motion. The magnitude of the actual motion can be determined only if the angle between the ultrasound beam and the direction of motion (transducer-to-motion angle) is known. For blood flow measurements, current pulsed ultrasound systems assume this angle to be equal to the angle between the ultrasound beam and the longitudinal direction of the vessel, as can be estimated from a two-dimensional brightness-mode (B-mode) image that is obtained prior to the blood flow measurement. For tissue motion measurements, current pulsed ultrasound systems are mostly unable to determine the transducer-to-motion angle. Recently, a model has been derived for the correlation of(analytic) radiofrequency (rf) signals, assessed with a circular-shaped ultrasound transducer along the same line of observation. In the present paper, this model is used to derive estimators, requiring only the calculation of a few correlation coefficients, for the motion components (axial, lateral and actual) and for some of the signal parameters (center frequency, bandwidth and signal-to-noise ratio) of the assessed rf signals. The transducer-to-motion angle can be derived from the estimated motion components. For the evaluation of the estimators, rf signals were acquired with a motion-controlled experimental arrangement. The results of the evaluation study show that the transducer-to-motion angle can be estimated with a mean standard deviation of less than 2 degrees.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Ledoux
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Willigers
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Brands
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Hoeks
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018617:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Pulsed