title: Distinct classes of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinases are involved in signaling pathways that control macroautophagy in HT-29 cells.
abstract: 3-Methyladenine which stops macroautophagy at the sequestration step in mammalian cells also inhibits the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activity raising the possibility that PI3K signaling controls the macroautophagic pathway (Blommaart, E. F. C., Krause, U., Schellens, J. P. M., Vreeling-Sindelárová, H., and Meijer, A. J. (1997) Eur. J. Biochem. 243, 240-246). The aim of this study was to identify PI3Ks involved in the control of macroautophagic sequestration in human colon cancer HT-29 cells. An increase of class I PI3K products (phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate) caused by either feeding cells with synthetic lipids (dipalmitoyl phosphatidylinositol 3, 4-bisphosphate and dipalmitoyl phosphatidylinositol 3,4, 5-triphosphate) or by stimulating the enzymatic activity by interleukin-13 reduced macroautophagy. In contrast, an increase in the class III PI3K product (phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate), either by feeding cells with a synthetic lipid or by overexpressing the p150 adaptor, stimulates macroautophagy. Transfection of a specific class III PI3K antisense oligonucleotide greatly inhibited the rate of macroautophagy. In accordance with a role of class III PI3K, wortmannin (an inhibitor of PI3Ks) inhibits macroautophagic sequestration and protein degradation in the low nanomolar range (IC(50) 5-15 nM). Further in vitro enzymatic assay showed that 3-methyladenine inhibits the class III PI3K activity. Dipalmitoyl phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate supplementation or p150 overexpression rescued the macroautophagic pathway in HT-29 cells overexpressing a GTPase-deficient mutant of the Galpha(i3) protein suggesting that both class III PI3K and trimeric G(i3) protein signaling are required in the control macroautophagy in HT-29 cells. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that distinct classes of PI3K control the macroautophagic pathway in opposite directions. The roles of PI3Ks in macroautophagy are discussed in the context of membrane recycling.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U504, Glycobiologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, 16 avenue Paul-Vaillant-Couturier, 94807 Villejuif, Cedex, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Petiot
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ogier-Denis
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Blommaart
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Meijer
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Codogno
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma; D000730:Androstadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D001343:Autophagy / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000032:analysis; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018129:Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D000077191:Wortmannin
chemical_list: D000730:Androstadienes; D002867:Chromones; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D009025:Morpholines; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D018129:Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D000077191:Wortmannin; C085911:2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one