title: Oscillopsia and pseudonystagmus in kidney transplant patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Modern immunosuppressants have improved the success of kidney transplantation for renal failure patients. They also may induce neurotoxic effects including tremor. We report two cases of pseudonystagmus and oscillopsia in transplant patients caused by immunosuppressant-induced head tremor and gentamicin-induced vestibulotoxicity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case reports. Head tremor, static visual acuity, and dynamic visual acuity were measured. Vestibular function was evaluated with ice water calorics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both patients had significant head tremor and pseudonystagmus. Head stabilization improved static visual acuity. Dynamic visual acuity revealed a 4-line and 10-line loss of visual acuity, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings of pseudonystagmus and oscillopsia are likely to become more prevalent as more renal failure patients receive transplants. Improvement may be seen with reduction of immunosuppressant, reduction of stimulant intake, use of medications to reduce head tremor, and vestibular rehabilitation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, FL 33136, USA.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Herdman
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Tusa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005133:Eye Movements; D005260:Female; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019416:Head Movements / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009759:Nystagmus, Pathologic / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009903:Optical Illusions; D010468:Perceptual Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012027:Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular / Q000187:drug effects*; D014202:Tremor / Q000139:chemically induced; D015837:Vestibular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D005839:Gentamicins; D011239:Prednisolone