title: Tolerance induced without immunosuppression in a T-lymphocyte suicide-gene therapy cardiac allograft model in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Life-long immunosuppression is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in transplant recipients. Gene therapy could provide new ways to obtain tolerance and avoid indefinite immunosuppression. EpTK mice are derived from the FVB/N strain (H2q) and express the thymidine kinase gene of herpesvirus in all mature T cells. Thus any mature dividing T cell can be killed in the presence of ganciclovir. We investigated the survival of alloincompatible C57B1/6 (H2b) hearts heterotopically transplanted into EpTK mice given only ganciclovir from day 0 to day 7 or 14.
  
  
  METHODS
  Abdominal cardiac transplantations were performed in 22 control mice (untreated FVB [n = 15], ganciclovir-treated FVB [n = 5], and untreated EpTK mice [n = 2]) and in 28 EpTK mice given ganciclovir from day 0 to day 7 (n = 15) or day 14 (n = 13). Rejection was defined as complete cessation of cardiac beat. Histologic examination of the grafts was performed at rejection, at day 7, or at day 100. Lymphocyte proliferation assays (concanavalin A stimulation or mixed lymphocyte reaction) were performed at day 7 and at day 100.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All control animals rejected transplants in 7 days (range, 5-9 days), whereas indefinite survival (>100 days) was observed in 89% of the ganciclovir-treated EpTK group, irrespective of the duration of ganciclovir treatment. Graft histology showed extensive cellular infiltrates with myocyte necrosis and arteritis in the control animals but only a mild infiltrate without necrosis or arteritis in the ganciclovir-treated EpTK group. The proliferative responses of the tolerant mice at day 100 were identical to those of naive mice, including a preserved proliferation against the donor's lymphocytes in mixed lymphocyte reaction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Functional transplantation tolerance of a fully incompatible heart can be achieved without immunosuppressive drugs in this model of suicide gene therapy.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'etude des greffes et protheses cardiaques, Hopital Broussais, Paris, France.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Braunberger
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Raynal-Raschilas
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Thomas-Vaslin
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bruneval
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Fabiani
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carpentier
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Glotz
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Klatzmann
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003208:Concanavalin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015774:Ganciclovir / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000473:pathology; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D015996:Survival Rate; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D003208:Concanavalin A; D015774:Ganciclovir