title: Drug delivery from the Turbuhaler and Nebuhaler pressurized metered dose inhaler to various age groups of children with asthma.
abstract: A total of 198 children aged 3 to 15 years inhaled a single dose of 200 micrograms budesonide from a Nebuhaler pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI) and a Turbuhaler dry powder inhaler in a randomized crossover study. The budesonide dose delivered to a patient was assessed by measuring the amount of drug deposited on a filter inserted between the inhaler outlet and the patient's mouth. The dose of budesonide deposited on the filter and the estimated dose of particles with a mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of 5 microns or less after inhalation from the Turbuhaler were both approximately twice the values inhaled from the pMDI Nebuhaler in children less than 5 years of age (P < 0.01). The variation in the dose delivered to the patient was similar for the two inhalers in children over 5 years old. In 3- to 4-year-old children, dose delivery to the patient was higher and/or more consistent from the pMDI Nebuhaler than from the Turbuhaler. Filter dose after Turbuhaler treatment varied significantly from peak inspiratory flow rate through the Turbuhaler (PIFTbh) (P < 0.01). The percentage of children producing a PIFTbh greater than 50 L/min decreased with age (89%, 45%, and 14% in 5-, 4-, and 3-year-old children, respectively). It is concluded that drug delivery to a child with asthma varies with age and inhalation device. Further studies are needed to assess the clinical importance of this finding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Kolding Hospital, Denmark. spconsult@post1.tele.dlc
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Agertoft
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nikander
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000293:Adolescent; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019819:Budesonide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D010316:Particle Size; D011312:Pressure; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D019819:Budesonide