title: Effects of dietary omega-3 and omega-6 lipids and vitamin E on serum cytokines, lipid mediators and anti-DNA antibodies in a mouse model for rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Omega-3 (omega-3) fatty acid rich-fish oil (FO) and vitamin E (vit-E) may delay the progress of certain autoimmune diseases. The present study examined the mechanism of action of omega-3 and omega-6 lipids and vit-E on the serum cytokines and lipid mediators in autoimmune-prone MRL/lpr mice (a model for rheumatoid arthritis, RA). The lpr (lymphoproliferative) gene is overexpressed in these mice causing extensive lymphoproliferation, lupus-like symptoms and accelerated aging.
  
  
  METHODS
  Weanling female MRL/lpr and congenic control MRL/++ mice were fed 10% corn oil (CO, omega6) or FO-based semipurified diets containing two levels of vitamin E (vit-E-75, I.U. and vit-E-500 I.U./Kg diet) for four months. At the end of the experiment, serum anti-DNA antibodies, cytokines and lipid mediators levels were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The appearance of enlarged lymph nodes was delayed in the mice fed FO, and the FO-500 IU vit-E diet offered further protection against enlargement of lymph nodes. The MRL/lpr mice exhibited significantly higher levels of serum anti-dsDNA antibodies. The FO-fed mice had significantly lower serum IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-alpha, PGE2, TXB2 and LTB4 levels compared with CO-fed mice. In mice fed 500 IU vit-E diets, the serum IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 and TNF-alpha levels were significantly lower and serum IL-1beta was significantly higher compared to 75 IU-vit-E-fed mice in CO/FO or both. The levels of anti-DNA antibodies, IL-4, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-10 and IL-12 were higher in the sera of MRL/lpr mice. The FO diet lowered the levels of these cytokines (except IL-4) and lipid mediators. Adding 500 IU of vit-E to the FO diet further lowered the levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, and TNF-alpha.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is clear from our observations that the beneficial effects of FO can be enhanced by the addition of 500 IU of vit-E in the diet. The FO diet containing 500 IU of vit-E may specifically modulate the levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 and TNF-alpha and thereby may delay the onset of autoimmunity in the MRL/lpr mouse model. The observations from this study may form a basis for selective nutrition intervention based on specific fatty acids and antioxidants in delaying the progress of RA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, 14214, USA.
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Venkatraman
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Chu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear / Q000097:blood; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D001835:Body Weight; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000097:blood; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D007378:Interleukins / Q000097:blood; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D007975:Leukotriene B4 / Q000097:blood; D051379:Mice; D013929:Thromboxane B2 / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014886:Weaning
chemical_list: D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear; D016207:Cytokines; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D007378:Interleukins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014810:Vitamin E; D007975:Leukotriene B4; D013929:Thromboxane B2; D015232:Dinoprostone