title: The Ross procedure in children under ten years of age.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The potential advantages of the Ross procedure in children under 10 years of age have yet to be validated. Concerns remain regarding progressive dilatation of the pulmonary autograft and potential homograft stenosis. We present our experience in this age population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of aortic root replacement using the Ross procedure in 11 young children (nine males, two females; median age 84 months; range 3 months to 10 years) between January 1996 and January 1999 was performed jointly in two pediatric surgical centers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no operative deaths. Mean hospital stay was 12 +/- 4 days, and mean follow up 14.5 +/- 8 months. The event-free survival (death, reoperation, endocarditis, arrhythmia) was 100%. Currently, nine children are in NYHA functional class I, and two in class II. The autograft and homograft were evaluated by serial echocardiography. There was no sign of progressive dilatation of the autograft. Aortic regurgitation was trivial in four children and mild in seven. No growth of the autograft was noted; this was consistent with minimal somatic growth. Homograft peak gradients remained low during the follow up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the pulmonary autograft procedure is more complex than other types of aortic valve replacement, it can be safely applied in children. Early follow up indicates satisfactory performance of the autograft. If dilatation will not occur, pulmonary root autograft may be an attractive substitute for diseased aortic valves in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vitale
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hornung
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ciotti
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pozzi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hasan
mesh_terms: D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; D005260:Female; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality; D011664:Pulmonary Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000637:transplantation*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome