title: In vivo modulation of 73 kDa heat shock cognate and 78 kDa glucose-regulating protein gene expression in rat liver and brain by ethanol.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In cultured cells of various origin, ethanol induces the synthesis of 70 kDa family heat shock proteins (hsp70 family), which play a role in the protection of protein traffic and secretion, as well as in cytoskeleton organization. To assess whether ethanol also can induce such genes in vivo, we studied the behavior of hsp70, hsc73, and grp78 messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNAs) and related proteins in the liver and brain of rats acutely treated with ethanol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Overnight fasted Sprague-Dawley rats (220-250 g) were acutely treated with a low (2 g/kg body weight) or a high (5 g/kg body weight) dose of ethanol as a 30% solution in saline or an equal volume of saline (controls) by gastric intubation. Animals were killed at various times after treatments (3-72 hr). Messenger RNA levels for different members of hsp70 family (hsp70; 73 kDa heat shock cognate, or hsc73; and 78 kDa glucose-regulating protein, or grp78) were determined by Northern blot analysis and hybridization with specific complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) probes. The amounts of related proteins were assayed by Western blot analysis with specific antibodies. Autoradiograms and fluorograms were subjected to densitometric scanning.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ethanol (2 g/kg) caused a slight increase in hsc73 and grp78 mRNA levels only in the liver, without enhancing the amount of proteins. Ethanol (5 g/kg) increased the level of hsc73 and grp78 mRNAs and related proteins in the liver. In the brain, the amount of hsc73 mRNA was enhanced, but this did not change hsc73 protein. In addition, we observed an increase in cerebral grp78 transcript and related protein. Hsp70 gene was not induced in the examined tissues by either dose of ethanol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hepatic and cerebral hsc73 and grp78 genes are responsive to ethanol in vivo, and their activation may signal the cell's effort to counteract the harmful action of ethanol.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Precliniche L.I.T.A. Vialba, Università degli Studi di Milano, Centro di Studio sulla Patologia Cellulare, C.N.R., Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tunici
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schiaffonati
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rabellotti
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tiberio
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sessa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C018551:glucose-regulated proteins; D000431:Ethanol