title: Sympathetic skin response in diabetic children: do diabetic children have diabetic neuropathy?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Abnormal sympathetic skin response (SSR) has been reported in adult patients with diabetic neuropathy. In addition, other studies have revealed abnormal SSR in diabetic patients not having autonomic symptoms and autonomic dysfunctions. These findings have been only obtained from adult patients. There have been few reports on the autonomic functions in diabetic children. Accordingly, it is not clear whether the autonomic neuropathy occurs in diabetic children. The aim of the present study is to clear autonomic function in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus by SSR.
  
  
  METHODS
  The SSR was measured in 28 normal healthy children and in eight patients with IDDM not having symptoms of dysautonomia. The SSR was elicited using 10 stimuli on programmed Nihonkoden Neuropack Sigma model machine. Following a single electrical stimulation, four SSR were recorded in both the palms and the soles simultaneously.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SSR were simultaneously obtained in 100% of the two groups. The amplitudes in the palms and soles were not significantly different between the two groups. The mean and shortest latency in the soles were significantly longer in the IDDM group than in the control group (P < 0.01). None of the measurements of SSR revealed correlation with duration of diabetes and onset of illness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diabetic neuropathy may not have occurred in young patients having shorter duration of illness. Conversely, assuming that prolonged latency is abnormal, it may even have occurred in them. Follow up on these patients with prolonged latencies would be required.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Nagaoka Red Cross Hospital, Japan. torigoe@mail.mynet.ne.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Torigoe
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Numata
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yazaki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Boku
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hiura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ino
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsunaga
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000503:physiopathology; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D005712:Galvanic Skin Response / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012867:Skin / Q000294:innervation*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*