title: Motor activity of the gallbladder in systemic sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to measure gallbladder emptying in scleroderma patients, when stimulated by exogenous cholecystokinin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight consecutive scleroderma patients were evaluated. Ten were excluded for the presence of gallstones. Gallbladder motor function was studied in 18 patients and 18 controls, using specific parameters for the quantification of gallbladder emptying dynamics. Resting gallbladder volumes were compared using the Dodds method with real-time ultrasound. Cholecystokinin (CCK)-stimulated gallbladder function (0.02 microg/kg CCK intravenous infusion/30 min) was assessed by a scintigraphic technique using 99mTc-DISIDA. Five patients presented with CREST syndrome, 13 with the diffuse form of scleroderma. Four were men, 14 women (average age = 46.6+/-15.4 yr). Patients and controls were paired by gender, age, and weight.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Resting gallbladder volumes were larger in the four men with scleroderma than in the women with this disease (p < 0.03, Mann-Whitney). The mean gallbladder resting volume in scleroderma patients was not different from the mean volume detected among controls (p = 0.25), even when controlling for gender (p = 0.78 for women, p = 0.08 for men), scleroderma disease subtype (p = 0.50), or disease duration (p = 0.48). Latency period, ejection period, ejection rate, or ejection fraction as measured during cholecystokinin-stimulated scintigraphic studies were not significantly different between patients and controls. A trend was detected for reduction of the ejection period in scleroderma women (p = 0.70) when compared with scleroderma men. More than 35% of the scleroderma patients presented biliary lithiasis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was no significant difference in gallbladder dynamics measured by a scintigraphic technique in scleroderma patients, compared with controls, when gallbladder motor function was evaluated by intravenous CCK.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital São Lucas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, and Clínica Radimagem, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ludwig
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: do Amaral
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Francisconi
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: von Mühlen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017675:CREST Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D002766:Cholecystokinin; D005260:Female; D016473:Gallbladder Emptying / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019785:Technetium Tc 99m Disofenin
chemical_list: D002766:Cholecystokinin; D019785:Technetium Tc 99m Disofenin