title: Second-trimester serum chorionic gonadotropin concentrations and complications and outcome of pregnancy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Maternal serum chorionic gonadotropin is measured to screen for fetal chromosomal abnormalities. Whether the results can also be used to predict the risk of complications or an adverse outcome of pregnancy is not known.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the medical records of 28,743 girls and women in whom chorionic gonadotropin was measured during the second trimester of pregnancy (between July 1, 1995, and January 31, 1997), seeking information about the complications and outcome of their pregnancies. We excluded girls and women who had preexisting risk factors for complications or an adverse outcome of pregnancy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher serum chorionic gonadotropin concentrations were associated with higher rates of stillbirth (odds ratio for every increase in chorionic gonadotropin of 1 multiple of the median, 1.4; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.1 to 1.9). There was no relation between higher serum chorionic gonadotropin concentrations and the risk of gestational diabetes, premature rupture of membranes or intrauterine growth retardation or small size for gestational age (odds ratio, 1.1; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.9 to 1.2). Higher serum chorionic gonadotropin concentrations were associated with a risk of placental abnormalities (odds ratio, 1.5; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.3 to 1.7), pregnancy-induced hypertension (odds ratio, 1.4; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.3 to 1.5), and preterm delivery without pregnancy-induced hypertension (odds ratio, 1.1; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.0 to 1.2). Inclusion in certain racial or ethnic categories (black, Filipino or Pacific Islander, unknown race or ethnic group, and "other," which included those of Middle Eastern descent and Native Americans) was a better predictor of the risk of an adverse outcome than serum chorionic gonadotropin values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Measurements of serum chorionic gonadotropin are of little clinical value for predicting the risk of complications and the outcome of pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, Oakland, Calif 94611-5693, USA.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Walton
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Norem
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Schoen
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Colby
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000097:blood*; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D007752:Obstetric Labor, Premature / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010920:Placenta / Q000002:abnormalities; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000208:ethnology; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second / Q000097:blood*; D044469:Racial Groups; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin