title: Biochemical changes related to hypoxia during cerebral aneurysm surgery: combined microdialysis and tissue oxygen monitoring: case report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to monitor brain metabolism on-line during aneurysm surgery, by combining the use of a multiparameter (brain tissue oxygen, brain carbon dioxide, pH, and temperature) sensor with microdialysis (extracellular glucose, lactate, pyruvate, and glutamate). The case illustrates the potential value of these techniques by demonstrating the effects of adverse physiological events on brain metabolism and the ability to assist in both intraoperative and postoperative decision-making.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 41-year-old woman presented with a World Federation of Neurological Surgeons Grade I subarachnoid hemorrhage. Angiography revealed a basilar artery aneurysm that was not amenable to coiling, so the aneurysm was clipped. Before the craniotomy was performed, a multiparameter sensor and a microdialysis catheter were inserted to monitor brain metabolism.
  
  
  METHODS
  During the operation, the brain oxygen level decreased, in relation to biochemical changes, including the reduction of extracellular glucose and pyruvate and the elevation of lactate and glutamate. These changes were reversible. However, when the craniotomy was closed, a second decrease in brain oxygen occurred in association with brain swelling, which immediately prompted a postoperative computed tomographic scan. The scan demonstrated acute hydrocephalus, requiring external ventricular drainage. The patient made a full recovery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The monitoring techniques influenced clinical decision-making in the treatment of this patient. On-line measurement of brain tissue gases and extracellular chemistry has the potential to assist in the perioperative and postoperative management of patients undergoing complex cerebrovascular surgery and to establish the effects of intervention on brain homeostasis.
authors.affiliation: Academic Department of Neurosurgery and Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, England.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Hutchinson
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Al-Rawi
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: O'Connell
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Pickard
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Kirkpatrick
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D002534:Hypoxia, Brain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000601:surgery*; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017551:Microdialysis; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen