title: Protective effect of estrogens against oxidative damage to heart and skeletal muscle in vivo and in vitro.
abstract: Estrogen has been shown to protect skeletal muscle from damage and to exert antioxidant properties. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant and protective properties of estrogens in rodent cardiac and skeletal muscle and H9c2 cells. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into three groups, ovariectomized (OVX), ovariectomized with estrogen replacement (OVX + E2), and intact control (SHAM), and were assessed at two time periods, 4 and 8 weeks. Rodents hearts were analyzed for basal and iron-stimulated lipid peroxidation in the absence and presence of beta-estradiol (betaE2) by measuring thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS). Isolated soleus (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) were analyzed for creatine kinase (CK) efflux. Using H9c2 cells, the in vitro effects of betaE2 and its isomer alpha-estradiol were investigated under glucose-free/hypoxic conditions. TBARS assay was also performed on the H9c2 in the presence or absence of betaE2. The results indicate that OVX rodent hearts are more susceptible to lipid peroxidation than OVX + E2 hearts. OVX soleus showed higher cumulative efflux of CK than OVX + E2. Furthermore, H9c2 survival during oxidative stress was enhanced when estrogen was present, and both OVX hearts at 4 weeks and H9c2 cells particularly were protected from oxidative damage by estrogens. We conclude that estrogen protects both skeletal and cardiac muscle from damage, and its antioxidant activity can contribute to this protection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA. apersky@ufl.edu
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Persky
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stubley
authors.forename: C O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Howell
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zaulyanov
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Brazeau
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Simpkins
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D010052:Ovariectomy; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012016:Reference Values; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D003402:Creatine Kinase