title: A descriptive survey of long-term residents with epilepsy and intellectual disability at the Chalfont Centre: is there a relationship between maladaptive behaviour and magnetic resonance imaging findings?
abstract: The advent of high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has facilitated the identification of subtle, aetiologically relevant structural brain abnormalities in a significant proportion of patients with epilepsy and negative standard neuro-imaging. In the present study of people with intellectual disability (ID), the authors show that a high frequency of cerebral structural abnormalities (72.4%) can be demonstrated by high-resolution MRI in patients with epilepsy and ID. Malformations of cortical development (MCD) were found in 8.7% of people without profound ID. An earlier age of onset of habitual seizures was associated with more severe ID and more severe seizures in adulthood. There was no obvious association between this finding and maladaptive behaviour, but a past history of febrile convulsions was associated with increased irritability and agitation. Since there was no obvious association between a history of febrile convulsions and MRI abnormalities, the reason for the above finding remains unclear. Inevitably, any residential epilepsy centre population is subject to selection biases. The population studied was highly skewed, with only one-third of the sample being female and 80% having mild ID. Thus, the findings of the present study cannot necessarily be generalized to all people with ID.
authors.affiliation: National Society for Epilepsy, Buckinghamshire, UK.
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Everitt
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Sander
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001921:Brain / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology*; D004739:England; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006778:Hospitals, Psychiatric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D003294:Seizures, Febrile / Q000150:complications; D012920:Social Behavior Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric