title: Assessment of impact on health of residents living near the Nant-y-Gwyddon landfill site: retrospective analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare indices of health in a population living near a landfill site with a population matched for socioeconomic status and to review environmental monitoring data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ecological study with small area statistics and environmental reports.
  
  
  METHODS
  Electoral wards in valleys of South Wales.
  
  
  METHODS
  Populations in the five wards near the landfill site who had formally complained of odours (exposed population), and comparison populations in 22 wards in the same unitary authority within the same fifth of Townsend score.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mortality, rates of hospital admission, measures of reproductive health (proportion of all births and stillbirths of infants weighing <2500 g; rates of admissions for spontaneous abortion; rates of all reported congenital malformations). Environmental data on site emissions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no consistent differences in mortality, rates of hospital admissions, or proportion of low birthweight infants between the two populations. There was an increased maternal risk of having a baby with a congenital abnormality in residents near the site, both before its opening (relative risk 1.9; 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 2.85; P<0.001) and after (1.9; 1.23 to 2.95; P=0.003). Environmental monitoring showed that hydrogen sulphide from the site was probably responsible for odours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The area surrounding the landfill site has an increased rate of reported congenital malformations, which predated the opening of the landfill, although the cluster of cases of gastroschisis post-dated its opening. Several chemicals emitted from the site, including hydrogen sulphide and benzene, were found in air samples in the nearby community. Further studies of the reproductive risk in such communities are needed to examine the safety of waste disposal sites.
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN. Fielder HM@cardiff.ac.uk
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Fielder
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Poon-King
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Moss
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Coleman
mesh_terms: D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring; D006304:Health Status; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D012037:Refuse Disposal / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018456:Reproductive Medicine; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014852:Wales / Q000453:epidemiology