title: Cytotoxic and genotoxic effect of inhibitor of vulcanisation N-cyclohexylthiophthalimide in a battery of in vitro assays.
abstract: Mutagenicity of N-cyclohexylthiophthalimide (Duslin P) was tested first by the Ames test in the bacteria, Salmonella typhimurium. The negative results of the Ames test suggested that this compound does not induce mutations in the genome of S. typhimurium under the conditions used. To estimate the cytotoxicity of Duslin P to human cells, we measured cellular DNA and protein as well as cell proliferation, i.e., the mitotic index of treated and control cells. The genotoxic effects were assayed by two biochemical methods developed for detection of single-strand breaks of DNA in mammalian cells, i.e., by the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) and by the DNA unwinding method, respectively. The DNA unwinding method showed that this compound did not induce DNA damage at concentrations < 7 micrograms/ml. Alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis revealed approximately double the level of DNA damage (in comparison to untreated control DNA) at a concentration of 2 micrograms/ml, which reduced proliferation to approximately 30%, and triple the level of DNA damage at higher concentrations (6 and 7 micrograms/ml), which inhibited completely both DNA synthesis and proteosynthesis. Cells with moderately damaged DNA were more common than cells with heavily damaged DNA. Parallel experiments with the strong mutagen and carcinogen MNNG showed that MNNG induced in cells a high level of DNA damage at concentrations which did not reduce the mitotic index or proteosynthesis, while DNA synthesis inhibited only partially. After treatment with MNNG, cells with heavily damaged DNA were more common than cells with moderately damaged DNA. Duslin P-treated VH10 cells were also tested cytogenetically, confirming that Duslin P induced neither chromosomal aberrations nor aneuploidy. We conclude that Duslin P has no mutagenic effect on bacteria, does not induce chromosomal aberrations and CREST positive or CREST negative micronuclei in human cells and induces only a small increase of DNA damage in human cells which is consistent with DNA fragmentation due to cell death.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic. exonslam@savba.sk
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Slamenová
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gábelová
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Chalupa
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Szabová
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mikulásová
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Horváthová
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ruzeková
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Farkasová
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ruppová
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wsólová
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barancoková
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kazimírová
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002503:Centromere / Q000187:drug effects; D002648:Child; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D020552:Comet Assay; D004247:DNA / Q000187:drug effects; D004249:DNA Damage; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008769:Methylnitronitrosoguanidine / Q000633:toxicity; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008940:Mitotic Index / Q000187:drug effects; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation / Q000187:drug effects; D019384:Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity*; D010797:Phthalimides / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D019384:Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors; D010797:Phthalimides; D008769:Methylnitronitrosoguanidine; C052481:N-(cyclohexylthio)phthalimide; D004247:DNA