title: Endoscopic treatment of clinically symptomatic leaks of thoracic esophageal anastomoses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The mortality of thoracic anastomotic leakage following esophageal reconstruction has been reported to be as high as 60%. Early septic fulminant suture line leaks require rethoracotomy. In addition, however, clinically symptomatic leaks may also occur 2 to 7 days after resection of the esophagus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among 80 esophageal reconstructions performed between January 1994 and July 1998, a total of 7 (8.75%) clinically apparent leaks of thoracic anastomoses were observed. The standard treatment consisted of endoscopic lavage, drainage and subsequent closure of the defect by repeated intraluminal and submucosal applications of fibrin glue. In 2 patients a novel approach permitting rapid closure by plugging the fistula with a Vicryl-cylinder was tried. In 4 patients the effect of endoscopic treatment on the HLA-DR expression on monocytes was investigated and compared to 6 patients with intact anastomoses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 7 patients were successfully treated via endoscopy. The cylinder plug achieved immediate closure of the leak. The measured change in HLA-DR expression reflected the improvement in the inflammatory response and thus documented the success of endoscopic treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic management of thoracic leakages represents a safe and relatively noninvasive therapeutic option.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Institute of Medical Microbiology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pross
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Manger
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Reinheckel
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mirow
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kunz
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lippert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D004945:Esophagoscopy; D004946:Esophagostomy; D005260:Female; D015718:Fibrin Tissue Adhesive; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D011098:Polyglactin 910; D013529:Surgical Wound Dehiscence / Q000628:therapy*; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation; D014014:Tissue Adhesives
chemical_list: D015718:Fibrin Tissue Adhesive; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D014014:Tissue Adhesives; D011098:Polyglactin 910