Emergency department management of blood and body fluid exposures.
Exposure to blood and body fluids that may be contaminated with infectious agents is a common occupational hazard for health care workers. Health care workers in the emergency department or out-of-hospital setting are at especially high risk for exposure to blood or body fluids. Nonemergency health care workers are frequently referred to hospital EDs for immediate treatment of occupation exposures. A series of recommendations by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention evolved over the past decade, and changes are expected to continue. This state-of the-art article reviews current recommendations for management of persons exposed to blood or body fluids and discusses the scientific basis for recommendations regarding hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and HIV.
Moran
G J
GJ
Department of Emergency Medicine and Division of Infectious Diseases, UCLA School of Medicine, USA.
D000465:Algorithms; D017848:Blood-Borne Pathogens; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000821:virology*; D002487:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.; D003663:Decision Trees; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000592:standards*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D017053:Infection Control / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D008487:Medical History Taking / Q000379:methods; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016272:Occupational Health; D010564:Personnel, Hospital; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology