title: Inhibition of neurotransmitter release in the lamprey reticulospinal synapse by antibody-mediated disruption of SNAP-25 function.
abstract: Exocytosis - syntaxin - synaptobrevin - SNARE synaptic vesicle The lamprey giant reticulospinal synapse can be used to manipulate the molecular machinery of synaptic vesicle exocytosis by presynaptic microinjection. Here we test the effect of disrupting the function of the SNARE protein SNAP-25. Polyclonal SNAP-25 antibodies were shown in an in vitro assay to inhibit the binding between syntaxin and SNAP-25. When microinjected presynaptically, these antibodies produced a potent inhibition of the synaptic response. Ba2+ spikes recorded in the presynaptic axon were not altered, indicating that the effect was not due to a reduced presynaptic Ca2+ entry. Electron microscopic analysis showed that synaptic vesicle clusters had a similar organization in synapses of antibody-injected axons as in control axons, and the number of synaptic vesicles in apparent contact with the presynaptic plasma membrane was also similar. Clathrin-coated pits, which normally occur at the plasma membrane around stimulated synapses, were not detected after injection of SNAP-25 antibodies, consistent with a blockade of vesicle cycling. Thus, SNAP-25 antibodies, which disrupt the interaction with syntaxin, inhibit neurotransmitter release without affecting the number of synaptic vesicles at the plasma membrane. These results provide further support to the view that the formation of SNARE complexes is critical for membrane fusion, but not for the targeting of synaptic vesicles to the presynaptic membrane.
authors.affiliation: The Nobel Institute for Neurophysiology, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm/Sweden. peter.low@neuro.ki.se
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Löw
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Norlin
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Risinger
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Larhammar
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Pieribone
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Shupliakov
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brodin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D001369:Axons / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000648:ultrastructure; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D007798:Lampreys; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008845:Microinjections; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013569:Synapses / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000502:physiology; D013572:Synaptic Vesicles / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D050825:Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D050825:Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25