title: Immunomodulatory effect of arctigenin, a lignan compound, on tumour necrosis factor-alpha and nitric oxide production, and lymphocyte proliferation.
abstract: We have investigated the immunomodulatory effects of arctigenin, a dibenzyl butyrolactone lignan compound, on tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and nitric oxide (NO) production, and lymphocyte proliferation. Arctigenin inhibited strongly TNF-alpha production by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine macrophage RAW264.7 and differentiated human macrophage U937 with IC50 values of 5.0 and 3.9 microM, respectively, without displaying cytotoxicity. The TNF-alpha inhibitory effect of arctigenin in lipopolysaccharide-triggered RAW264.7 cells was increased by co-treatment with several known TNF-alpha inhibitors. It also potently attenuated T and B cell proliferation stimulated by concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 values of 2.9 and 14.6 microM, respectively. In contrast, the compound showed a different pattern in lipopolysaccharide- and interferon (IFN)-gamma-induced NO production from RAW264.7 cells. Arctigenin inhibited NO release by IFN-gamma signal, whereas it significantly enhanced lipopolysaccharide-triggered NO production in RAW264.7 cells. The results suggested that arctigenin may regulate immune responses in activated macrophages and lymphocytes including TNF-alpha and NO production and lymphocyte proliferation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunopharmacology, R & D Center, Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Sungnam, Korea. jae.cho@ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: K U
authors.initials: KU
authors.lastname: Baik
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004396:Coloring Agents; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism; D005663:Furans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017705:Lignans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D004396:Coloring Agents; D004731:Endotoxins; D005663:Furans; D017705:Lignans; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C044101:endotoxin, Escherichia coli; C022616:thiazolyl blue; C071942:arctigenin