title: Tools for precision enhancement in minimally invasive cardiac surgery: three dimensional visualization, computer enhancement and robotics.
abstract: This article is a current update of the rationale for development of new enabling technologies in minimally invasive cardiac surgery. Specifically the potential advantages of three dimensional visualization, computer enhancement technology and robotics in performance of totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass grafts will be addressed.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, McGill University, The Montreal General Hospital, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shennib
mesh_terms: D003199:Computer Systems; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013677:Medical Laboratory Science / Q000639:trends; D009870:Operating Room Information Systems; D012371:Robotics; D020775:Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*