title: Early recurrent nephrotic syndrome after renal transplantation in children with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We analysed risk factors to predict the recurrence of nephrotic syndrome and the therapeutic efficacy of plasmapheresis combined with oral cyclophosphamide (PE+CPM) in early recurrent nephrotic syndrome after transplantation in children with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records after 1990 of 16 children with biopsy-proven idiopathic FSGS and renal transplantation before the age of 18 years were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Early recurrence of nephrotic syndrome developed in six cases (37. 5%). While early kidney graft biopsies, performed within the first week after the onset of recurrence, revealed diffuse effacement of foot process only, late biopsies contained segmentally sclerosed glomeruli as well. Among several possible risk factors, the mean duration from onset of original nephrotic syndrome to development of end-stage renal disease was shorter in the recurrent group (P=0.045) and the percentage of globally sclerosed glomeruli was higher in the non-recurrent group (P=0.001). PE+CPM therapy resulted in complete remission of nephrotic syndrome if it was started early and if there was no evidence of accompanying acute rejection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results support more liberal use of living-related donors for renal transplantation of children with FSGS and ESRD, considering the shortage of cadaveric donors in our society and relatively good efficacy of the early and intensive PE+CPM therapy for early recurrent nephrotic syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pediatrics, General Surgery, Clinical Pathology and Pathology, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul and Department of Pediatrics, Seoul City Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: H I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Cheong
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005923:Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D010956:Plasmapheresis; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D003520:Cyclophosphamide