title: Progress in active specific immunotherapy of prostate cancer.
abstract: Treatments available for metastatic prostate cancer have failed to demonstrate significant curative potential. Current efforts are now directed towards developments of novel strategies for the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer. Cancer immunotherapeutic strategies utilize patient immune system components to kill cancer cells. This review discusses progress in active specific immunotherapeutic approaches as potential alternative methods in the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer. Various methods of augmenting the immune response against prostate cancer are discussed including systemic cytokine adjuvant therapy, cytokine gene transduced tumor vaccines, non-antigen specific immunization, DNA and peptide vaccines plus adjuvants, as well as dendritic cell-based cancer vaccines.
authors.affiliation: Northwest Biotherapeutics, Inc., Seattle, Washington 98125, USA. benhenry@nwbio.org
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Tjoa
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Murphy
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D016207:Cytokines; D019444:Vaccines, DNA