title: Diffuse pulmonary arteriovenous malformations: characteristics and prognosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with diffuse pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (AVMs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart review of all patients (n = 16) with diffuse pulmonary AVMs seen at Yale New Haven Hospital, Johns Hopkins Hospital, and St. Michael's Hospital. Up-to-date follow-up information was obtained in all living patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients were severely hypoxic. Neurologic complications (stroke or brain abscess) had occurred in 70% of patients by the time of diagnosis. During the follow-up period (mean, 6 years), three patients died and two others developed new neurologic complications. One of the deaths occurred perioperatively during lung transplantation. All patients underwent transcatheter embolotherapy of any large pulmonary AVMs. A selected group underwent pulmonary flow redistribution, a novel technique. Oxygenation did not improve significantly with embolotherapy of the larger AVMs, but there was a small significant improvement in those patients who underwent pulmonary flow redistribution. The majority (85%) of the living patients are currently working or studying full-time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with diffuse pulmonary AVMs are at increased risk of neurologic complications. Transcatheter embolotherapy does not significantly improve the profound hypoxia, but it may reduce the risk of neurologic complications. Antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended for bacteremic procedures to prevent brain abscess. These patients can live for many years and lead productive lives. We do not recommend lung transplantation because survival with disease is difficult to predict and we have observed a perioperative transplant death.
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Faughnan
authors.forename: Y W
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Lui
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Wirth
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Pugash
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Redelmeier
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Hyland
authors.forename: R I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000792:Angiography; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001922:Brain Abscess / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002648:Child; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000517:prevention & control; D007223:Infant; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011379:Prognosis; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012189:Retrospective Studies