title: Addressing barriers to change: an RCT of practice-based education to improve the management of hypertension in the elderly.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the future, primary care groups (PCGs) will have to consider how best to apply audit and education to fulfil their commitment to clinical governance and to facilitate the implementation of research findings.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To establish whether an exploration of 'barriers to change' can enhance the effectiveness of an educational intervention designed to improve the management of hypertension in the elderly.
  
  
  METHODS
  A parallel-arm, randomized, single-blind, controlled trial of practice-based educational visits in 18 practices. These practices had previously taken part in a multipractice audit of the management of hypertension in the elderly. Both groups received outreach visits in their own practice, during which they received the results of the previous audit. The nine 'intervention' practices were encouraged to explore barriers that would prevent them from implementing pertinent research findings. The control group was not encouraged to do this. The main outcome measure of the trial was determined in advance as 'the stated management of systolic hypertension in patients aged 70 to 79'. A secondary endpoint was the stated management of a specific patient scenario. The endpoints were tested by questionnaire before and after the educational intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the primary endpoint, there was a statistically significant difference in the stated threshold for treating systolic hypertension between intervention and control groups after the visits (161.8 mmHg versus 167.2 mmHg; P = 0.007). For the secondary endpoint, there was also a statistically significant difference between the two groups, after the visits, in their willingness to treat a 70-year-old male with mild hypertension (89% of doctors would treat in the intervention group versus 57% in the control group; P = 0.047).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The effectiveness of an educational intervention is significantly improved by addressing the barriers preventing practitioners from implementing the findings of research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Infirmary, Liverpool.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cranney
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barton
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Walley
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004059:Diffusion of Innovation; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing; D005194:Family Practice / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D016037:Single-Blind Method