title: Sex and attitude: a randomized vignette study of the management of depression by general practitioners.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The management and detection of depression varies widely, and the causes of variation are incompletely understood.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe and explain general practitioners' (GPs') current practice in the recognition and management of depression in young adults, their attitudes towards depression, and to investigate associations of GP characteristics and patient sex with management.
  
  
  METHODS
  All GP principals in the Greater Glasgow Health Board were randomized to receive questionnaires with vignettes describing increasingly severe symptoms of depression in either male or female patients, and asked to indicate which clinical options they would be likely to take. The Depression Attitude Questionnaire was used to elicit GP attitudes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As the severity of vignette symptoms increased, GPs responded by changing their prescribing and referral patterns. For the most severe vignette, the majority of GPs would prescribe drugs (76.4%) and refer the patient for further help (73.7%). Male and female patients were treated differently: GPs were less likely to ask female patients than male patients to attend a follow-up consultation (odds ratio [OR] = 0.55), and female GPs were less likely to refer female patients (OR = 0.33). GPs with a pessimistic view of depression, measured using the 'inevitable course of depression' attitude scale, were less willing to be actively involved in its treatment, being less likely to discuss a non-physical cause of symptoms (OR = 0.77) or to explore social factors in moderately severe cases (OR = 0.68).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Accepting the limitations of the method, GPs appear to respond appropriately to increasingly severe symptoms of depression, although variation in management exists. Educational programmes should be developed with the aim of enhancing GP attitudes towards depression, and the effects on detection and management of depression should be rigorously evaluated.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice, University of Glasgow, Woodside Health Centre.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moffat
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McConnachie
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D005194:Family Practice / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010821:Physicians, Family / Q000523:psychology*; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012606:Scotland; D012737:Sex Factors