title: Persistent and bilateral choroidal vascular abnormalities in central serous chorioretinopathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To clarify the role of choroidal vascular abnormalities in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) in active stage, remission, and recurrence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Indocyanine green angiography and fluorescein angiography were performed in 105 eyes (104 patients) with active CSC. Forty-six patients were followed up for 6 to 48 months (mean +/- standard deviation, 22.5 +/- 8.9 months) with repeated angiography (mean +/- standard deviation, 3.5 +/- 1.5 times). Indocyanine green angiography and fluorescein angiography also were performed during remission in all 46 eyes with CSC and during recurrent CSC in 6 eyes. Unaffected fellow eyes underwent angiographic examinations in all patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In active CSC, indocyanine green angiography showed a choroidal filling delay (71%), venous dilation (61%), and focal choroidal hyperfluorescence (96%) surrounding leakage from the retinal pigment epithelium. Focal choroidal hyperfluorescence was present in unaffected areas of affected eyes (55%). The choroidal venous dilation (36%) and choroidal hyperfluorescence (62%) were noted even in unaffected fellow eyes. These choroidal abnormalities persisted during remission after leakage ceased throughout the follow-up period. In the six patients with recurrent CSC, new leakage developed in the areas of persistent choroidal hyperfluorescence. Central serous chorioretinopathy developed in the unaffected fellow eye in one of these six patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Choroidal vascular abnormalities persist in both eyes even after leakage from the retinal pigment epithelium ceases. Central serous chorioretinopathy may recur in areas of choroidal vascular abnormalities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Gunma University School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iida
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kishi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hagimura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimizu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001158:Arteries / Q000002:abnormalities; D002829:Choroid / Q000098:blood supply*; D015862:Choroid Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005124:Eye Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012008:Recurrence; D012160:Retina / Q000473:pathology*; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014680:Veins / Q000002:abnormalities
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007208:Indocyanine Green