title: Intravenous immunoglobulin as adjunctive treatment for streptococcal toxic shock syndrome associated with necrotizing fasciitis: case report and review.
abstract: Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) is caused by infection with a toxicogenic strain of Streptococcus pyogenes. Clinical manifestations may be those of a mild illness, characterized by malaise, fever, and muscle pain, to severe sepsis and multisystem organ failure. The syndrome may be associated with several invasive infections including necrotizing fasciitis. Treatment is primarily surgical debridement of infected tissue with supportive care, antibiotics, and hemodynamic monitoring. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is reported to have beneficial effects in the management of STSS associated with necrotizing fasciitis. The agent was successful in conjunction with surgical excision and antibiotics in a patient with necrotizing fasciitis, toxic shock, and multisystem organ failure. On the basis of this experience and a thorough literature review, we concur that IVIG may be a useful adjunct in the treatment of STSS associated with necrotizing fasciitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacy Administration, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Cawley
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Briggs
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Haith
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Reilly
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Guilday
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Braxton
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Patton
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D019115:Fasciitis, Necrotizing / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000628:therapy*; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D013297:Streptococcus pyogenes
chemical_list: D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous