title: Multiple anthelmintic resistance in a goat herd.
abstract: Anthelmintic resistance was monitored over a 30 month period within a goat herd in eastern Virginia, USA. Resistance to ivermectin, levamisole and benzimidazole drugs was detected in Haemonchus contortus using the fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT). When levamisole use was discontinued for 1 year, susceptibility to levamisole appeared to return. Although a single treatment with fenbendazole was able to reduce fecal egg counts by only 50%, two doses administered in a 12 h interval increased efficacy to 92%, however, confidence intervals indicated that resistance was still present. When fecal egg counts were determined the following year after several treatment using this protocol, the efficacy of fenbendazole had fallen again to 57% reduction in fecal egg counts. The predominant genus present in cultured composite fecal samples was Haemonchus. Trichostrongylus, Cooperia and Teladorsagia were also present in smaller numbers.
authors.affiliation: Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia, Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061, USA. azajac@vt.edu
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Zajac
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Gipson
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D005273:Fenbendazole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology; D006041:Goats; D006188:Haemonchiasis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D006189:Haemonchus / Q000187:drug effects*; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous / Q000662:veterinary; D007559:Ivermectin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007978:Levamisole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D010270:Parasite Egg Count / Q000662:veterinary; D013997:Time Factors; D014768:Virginia
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D007978:Levamisole; D005273:Fenbendazole; D007559:Ivermectin