title: Monocyte deactivation and its reversal in a patient with chemotherapy-induced leukopenia and severe systemic infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Serious infections constitute a major problem for patients with cancer, and new approaches must be found in dealing with these. The pathophysiology of neutropenic infection is not well understood, although there is some evidence that, as in sepsis in the primarily immunocompetent host, a pro- and an antiinflammatory phase can be discriminated. In the recent literature is described a series of nonneutropenic patients with sepsis in whom interferon-gamma was successfully administered during the immunoparalytic phase, a concept that might possibly be extended to immunocompromised hosts.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 14-year-old patient with RAEB-T/hypoplastic M2 and chemothera py-induced neutropenia developed a severe infection and continued to deteriorate clinically despite maximum supportive measures, including broad antibacterial and antifungal coverage. On the basis of monocyte de-activation this patient was considered to be in the immunoparalytic phase of sepsis and consequently treated with 60 microg/m(2) of interferon-gamma per day for 10 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient made a rapid clinical recovery, and biochemical markers of infection improved promptly. At the same time, the fraction of activated monocytes normalized rapidly and stably. We hypothesize that treatment with interferon-gamma effected this rapid restoral of monocyte activation and that monocyte reactivation might have contributed to the patient's prompt recovery from his severe infection. Interferon-gamma treatment was well tolerated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Immunostimulation with interferon-gamma might prove to be a valuable adjuvant treatment for patients with chemotherapy-induced neutropenia during the rare scenario of infection with immunoparalysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heinrich-Heine University Medical Center, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bönig
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Körholz
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lex
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wölfel
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Göbel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000754:Anemia, Refractory, with Excess of Blasts / Q000188:drug therapy; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007958:Leukocyte Count / Q000187:drug effects; D007970:Leukopenia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D018805:Sepsis / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D007371:Interferon-gamma; D002097:C-Reactive Protein