title: A micronucleus assay in sea urchin embryos.
abstract: We have developed a micronucleus assay for use in sea urchin embryos. The embryos at the early blastula stage (about 256 cells) were exposed to genotoxic chemicals overnight until control embryos have reached the gastrula stage. Then all embryos were suspended in 1 M urea, dissociated by pipetting, and fixed with methanol:acetic acid (9:1). The preparations were air-dried and stained with acridine orange. The test chemicals (mitomycin C [MMC], vinblastine and 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine [Ara C]) induced clear micronuclei dose-dependently. The maximum frequency induced with MMC was 2-3% in Clypeaster japonicus and 1-2% in Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus.
authors.affiliation: Yokohama City Institute of Health, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saotome
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sofuni
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayashi
mesh_terms: D000165:Acridine Orange; D000818:Animals; D002452:Cell Count / Q000187:drug effects; D003561:Cytarabine / Q000633:toxicity; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D015162:Micronucleus Tests / Q000379:methods*; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000633:toxicity; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D012617:Sea Urchins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology*; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods; D014747:Vinblastine / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D009153:Mutagens; D003561:Cytarabine; D016685:Mitomycin; D014747:Vinblastine; D000165:Acridine Orange