title: Hydrogen peroxide for prevention of bacterial growth on polymer biomaterials.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite widespread use of potent antibiotics, infections of artificial implants and catheters are of increasing concern. We tested whether local treatment with 3% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), long known as an inexpensive wound disinfectant, could prevent or reduce bacterial growth on polymer biomaterials.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two-centimeter-long pieces of polyurethane and silicone tubing were contaminated with a standardized solution of Staphylococcus epidermidis (10(5)/mL) and then rinsed and wiped with saline (0.9%) solution. Bacterial growth was assessed after incubation at 37 degrees C for 24 hours. Bacterial colonies were compared for the following treatments: wiping only with saline; wiping with 1.5%, 2%, or 3% H2O2; pretreating biomaterials with 3% H2O2 and subsequent contamination for 2 and 4 hours without treatment after contamination; and contamination of tubings 1 month after pretreatment with 3% H2O2. The effect of 3% H2O2 was also assessed on contamination with Escherichia coli.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bacterial growth was reduced by more than 99% when the contaminated tubes were treated with 3% H2O2 compared with saline control (p < 0.001). Lower concentrations of H2O2 were less effective. The length of the contamination period had no influence on the effectiveness of H2O2 when used on polyurethane but did with silicone tubings. Pretreatment with H2O2 1 month before contamination still reduced bacterial growth rate by 90% on polyurethane and by 75% on silicone tubings. Comparable effects on bacterial growth rate were observed for staphylococci (-90%, p < 0.001) and escherichiae (-90%, p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Local treatment with 3% H2O2 significantly reduced bacterial growth on polymer biomaterials even for 1 month after treatment. This finding might influence clinical strategies of prevention of foreign body infection.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany. alt@med1.med.tu-muenchen.de
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alt
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Leipold
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Milatovic
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heinz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schömig
mesh_terms: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D004866:Equipment Contamination; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D011140:Polyurethanes; D012828:Silicones; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D011140:Polyurethanes; D012828:Silicones; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide