title: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms of T cell receptor zeta chain in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Signaling molecules from the T cell receptor zeta/Fcepsilon receptor gamma (TCRzeta/FcRgamma) family play a critical role in the function of Fcgamma receptors and the TCR and are located on human chromosome 1, where lupus susceptibility genes are located. This study was undertaken to investigate the possibility of polymorphisms and/or mutations of TCRzeta in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
  
  
  METHODS
  We amplified the whole coding region of TCRzeta by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and directly sequenced the PCR products with a dye primer technique to facilitate heterozygote detection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An alternative splicing form of TCRzeta, with a CAG codon (glutamine) inserted at the splice junction of exons 4 and 5, was found both in SLE and in non-SLE subjects. Both splice isoforms of TCRzeta occurred in human mixed peripheral blood mononuclear cells, natural killer cells, and Jurkat T cells. In TCRzeta, 2 silent and 2 missense mutations were found, but neither coding change occurred in the immunoreceptor tyrosine-activation motif. No unique mutations were found in Caucasian, African American, Hispanic, Chinese, or Japanese SLE patients living in North America.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The uncommon and equal occurrence of novel single-nucleotide polymorphisms in both SLE patients and normal subjects makes it improbable that they play important roles in genetic susceptibility to SLE.
authors.affiliation: The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294-0006, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Edberg
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tsao
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Kimberly
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002878:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000235:genetics*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012326:RNA Splicing; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; C054979:antigen T cell receptor, zeta chain