title: Integration of calcium and cyclic AMP signaling pathways by 14-3-3.
abstract: Calcium-stimulated nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) transcription activity at the interleukin-2 promoter is negatively regulated by cyclic AMP (cAMP). This effect of cAMP is mediated, in part, by protein kinase A phosphorylation of NFAT. The mechanism of regulation involves the creation of a phosphorylation-dependent binding site for 14-3-3. Decreased NFAT phosphorylation caused by the calcium-stimulated phosphatase calcineurin, or mutation of the PKA phosphorylation sites, disrupted 14-3-3 binding and increased NFAT transcription activity. In contrast, NFAT phosphorylation caused by cAMP increased 14-3-3 binding and reduced NFAT transcription activity. The regulated interaction between NFAT and 14-3-3 provides a mechanism for the integration of calcium and cAMP signaling pathways.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Program in Molecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA.
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D003994:Bucladesine / Q000494:pharmacology; D019703:Calcineurin / Q000378:metabolism; D065095:Calcineurin Inhibitors; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D020013:Calcium Signaling; D002460:Cell Line; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000235:genetics; D015759:Ionomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; D019913:Nuclear Localization Signals / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D010768:Phosphoserine / Q000378:metabolism; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase
chemical_list: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins; D065095:Calcineurin Inhibitors; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D007376:Interleukin-2; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; D019913:Nuclear Localization Signals; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D010768:Phosphoserine; D015759:Ionomycin; D003994:Bucladesine; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D019703:Calcineurin; D002118:Calcium