title: Very similar strains of Halococcus salifodinae are found in geographically separated permo-triassic salt deposits.
abstract: The authors have previously isolated a novel extremely halophilic archaeon, Halococcus salifodinae Blp, from Austrian rock salt deposited about 250 million years ago. In this study they compared strain Blp with two other halococci isolated independently from geographically distant salt deposits of similar age, and with two recent isolates (N1 and H2) from the same site as strain Blp. Strain BG2/2 was from a salt mine in Germany and strain Br3 from a halite deposit in England; both resembled Hc. salifodinae Blp in cellular and colonial morphology. Strains Blp, BG2/2 and Br3 had identical 16S rRNA sequences, very similar whole-cell protein patterns, which were different from those of other halococci, similar G+C contents and identical sequences in a 108-base insertion in their 5S rRNA gene. Other similarities included composition and relative abundances of polar lipids, antibiotic susceptibility, enzymic activities and Fourier-transform infrared spectra. Strains N1 and H2 showed similar morphology, whole-cell protein patterns and biochemical characteristics as strains Blp, Br3 and BG2/2. Their partial 16S rRNA sequences (682 and 641 bases, respectively) were indistinguishable from those of strains Blp, Br3 and BG2/2. Therefore strains N1 and H2 can be considered as reisolates of Hc. salifodinae which were obtained 8 years after the first samples were taken from that mine. The results presented suggest that viable halophilic archaea, which belong to the same species, occur in widely separated evaporite locations of similar geological age, and support the notion that these halophilic isolates from subterranean salt deposits may be the remnants of populations which inhabited ancient hypersaline seas.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetics and General Biology, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, A- 5020 Salzburg, Austria1.
authors.forename: Helga
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stan-Lotter
authors.affiliation: Dept of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK2.
authors.forename: Terry J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: McGenity
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetics and General Biology, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, A- 5020 Salzburg, Austria1.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Legat
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Vienna, Dr Bohrgasse 9,A-1030 Vienna, Austria3.
authors.forename: Ewald B M
authors.initials: EBM
authors.lastname: Denner
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetics and General Biology, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, A- 5020 Salzburg, Austria1.
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Glaser
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Regensburg, Universit ätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg , Germany4.
authors.forename: Karl O
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Stetter
authors.affiliation: Botanical Institute of the University of Munich, Menzinger Str. 67, D-80638 Munich, Germany5.
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wanner
mesh_terms: D001482:Base Composition; D001483:Base Sequence; D019641:DNA, Archaeal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D020459:Genes, rRNA; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000382:microbiology*; D019625:Halococcus / Q000145:classification* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010641:Phenotype; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012341:RNA, Ribosomal, 5S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
chemical_list: D019641:DNA, Archaeal; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D008055:Lipids; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012341:RNA, Ribosomal, 5S; D012965:Sodium Chloride