title: [Combined renal and pancreas transplantation as treatment for chronic renal insufficiency of diabetic origin: a series of 50 consecutive transplantations].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to report the results of 50 transplantations of kidney and pancreas performed in the same surgical centre for chronic renal insufficiency of patients with insulino-dependent diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1989 to 1999, 50 pancreatic transplantations were consecutively performed, 48 combined with a kidney transplantation and two in patients having a functioning kidney graft. The whole pancreas was transplanted in the right iliac fossa through an extraperitoneal approach with duodeno-vesical bypass of exocrine secretion. The kidney was transplanted in the left iliac fossa through a different extraperitoneal approach. Immunosuppression protocol included Azathioprine replaced by Mycophenolate Mofetil since 1996, associated with corticotherapy and Ciclosporine replaced by FK 506 since 1997. Recipients were 32 women and 18 men (mean age: 37 +/- 5 years) treated by insulinotherapy since 23 +/- 6 years and receiving 35 +/- 10 insulin units per day. Peptide C was 0.33 +/- 0.35 mg/mL and serum creatinin 726 +/- 260 mumol/L.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One patient died on d10 from pulmonary artery thrombosis due to unknown drepanocytosis. The most frequent postoperative complications were leakage of duodeno-vesical anastomosis (n = 9) decreasing in frequency with experience, reoperated with preservation of the pancreatic graft in all cases and venous thrombosis of the pancreatic graft (n = 5) with a definitive loss of function. Secondary deaths occurred at 24, 36, 48, 50, 72 months with functioning grafts in two patients. With a mean 5-year follow-up, 44 patients were alive (88% of the whole series), 34 of them with two functional grafts (68% of the whole series) Sixteen pancreas grafts were lost: three by death of the patients, eight from surgical complications, four by rejection and one by transplantectomy of a functional graft.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined kidney and pancreas transplantation is now very efficient in the treatment of diabetic renal insufficiency. Total pancreas transplantation through an extraperitoneal approach seems to be the safest method. A very strict selection of both donors and recipients is necessary.
authors.affiliation: Clinique urologique de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Bitker
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Barrou
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mouquet
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Benalia
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ourahma
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grimaldi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Richard
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chatelain
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001379:Azathioprine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality / Q000639:trends; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016035:Pancreas Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality / Q000639:trends; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid; D001379:Azathioprine; D016559:Tacrolimus