title: Proteasome inhibitors induce cytochrome c-caspase-3-like protease-mediated apoptosis in cultured cortical neurons.
abstract: The ubiquitin-proteasome protein degradation pathway is crucial in controlling intracellular levels of a variety of short-lived proteins and maintaining cellular growth and metabolism. In a previous study, we showed the accumulation of conjugated ubiquitin in CA1 neurons of the gerbil after 5 min of forebrain ischemia (; ). The accumulation of conjugated ubiquitin may reflect proteasome malfunction. In the present study, we investigated the effects of proteasome inhibitors on primary neuronal cultures to determine whether proteasomal malfunction induces neuronal death. When carbobenzoxy-Leu-Leu-Leu-aldehyde or lactacystin, two different types of proteasome inhibitors, were separately used to suppress proteasome activity, we observed induction of apoptotic neuronal cell death in both cases. During the apoptotic process, mitochondrial membrane potential was disrupted, cytochrome-c was released from mitochondria into the cytosol, and caspase-3-like proteases were activated. Apoptosis was inhibited by pretreatment with acetyl-aspartyl-glutamyl-valyl-aspart-1-aldehyde or overexpression of Bcl-x/(L). These results demonstrated that suppression of proteasome function induces neuronal apoptosis via the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and activation of caspase-3-like proteases.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Neuroscience and Neurooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Asai
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kirino
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000166:cytology; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D003574:Cytochrome c Group / Q000378:metabolism*; D003600:Cytosol / Q000201:enzymology; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D007976:Leupeptins / Q000494:pharmacology; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000201:enzymology; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014452:Ubiquitins / Q000378:metabolism; D051020:bcl-X Protein
chemical_list: C494813:Bcl2l1 protein, rat; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; D003574:Cytochrome c Group; D007976:Leupeptins; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D009842:Oligopeptides; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D014452:Ubiquitins; C108637:aspartyl-glutamyl-valyl-aspartal; D051020:bcl-X Protein; C505410:Casp3 protein, rat; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; C072553:benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde