title: Excess mortality related to alcohol and smoking among hospital-treated patients with psoriasis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Psoriasis is seen as a disease that does not kill. However, it is associated with alcohol intake and smoking. Thus, there could be excess mortality due to causes related to alcohol intake and smoking among patients with psoriasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort was identified from the nationwide Hospital Discharge Register from January 1, 1973, through December 31, 1984, and mortality was followed up for 22 years by linkage with the Cause-of-Death Register, from January 1, 1973, through December 31, 1995.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of 3132 men and 2555 women admitted to inpatient treatment with psoriasis as the principal diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Date and underlying cause of death.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed 1918 deaths in contrast to the 1211 deaths expected on the basis of the national mortality rates. The all-cause standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for men was 1.62 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.52-1.71); for women, 1.54 (95% CI, 1.43-1.64). Among men, the highest SMRs were found for alcohol psychosis (8.91 [95% CI, 2.89-20.70]) and liver disease, ie, cirrhosis, fatty liver, and hepatitis (6.98 [95% CI, 5.34-8.96]). Among women, the highest SMR was found for liver disease (5.06 [95% CI, 2.70-8.65]). Excess mortality was high for all causes of death directly related to alcohol; the SMR for men was 4.46 (95% CI, 3.60-5.45); for women, 5.60 (95% CI, 2.98-8.65).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with moderate to severe psoriasis are at increased risk for death. Alcohol is a major cause for this excess mortality.
authors.affiliation: Järvenpää Addiction Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Poikolainen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Karvonen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pukkala
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality; D002423:Cause of Death; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008108:Liver Diseases, Alcoholic / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D011565:Psoriasis / Q000401:mortality*; D011604:Psychoses, Alcoholic / Q000401:mortality; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality