title: Perceived control and psychosocial/physiological functioning in African American elders with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: The purpose of this pilot study was to assess (1) the reliability of the revised Wallhagen Perceived Control Questionnaire (PCQ-R), derived from a person-environment perspective, in a sample of elderly African Americans > or = 60 years with Type 2 diabetes and (2) the relationship between the PCQ-R and psychosocial and physiological functioning.
  
  
  
  A descriptive, cross-sectional, pilot project was conducted with a convenience sample of 23 African Americans with Type 2 diabetes. Variables included health status, the PCQ-R, the Medical Outcomes Survey Short Form 36, and glycosylated hemoglobin.
  
  
  
  The PCQ-R was reliable and significantly related to physical and social functioning, physical and emotional role involvement, mental health, vitality, and general health perception. No relationship was found with metabolic control.
  
  
  
  Findings support the reliability of the PCQ-R and the conceptualization of control. However, confirmation is needed in a larger sample, and questions that emerged require further exploration.
authors.affiliation: The Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California, San Fran­ cisco (Dr Wallhagen)
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Wallhagen
authors.affiliation: Good Samaritan Hospital, Sanjose, California (Ms Lacson)
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lacson
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D000368:Aged / Q000523:psychology*; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000208:ethnology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012495:San Francisco; D012648:Self Care / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*