title: Comparison of the performance of graphitized carbon black and poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) cartridges for the determination of pesticides and industrial phosphates in environmental waters.
abstract: The determination of polar and nonpolar organophosphorus compounds, triazines and their metabolites, molinate and chlorothalonil in 1 l water samples was investigated using off-line solid-phase extraction followed by gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus and flame photometric detection. The ethylvinylbenzene-divinylbenzene copolymer (LiChrolut EN) and the commercial graphitized carbon black (GCB) of Envi-Carb were tested as solid-phase sorbents. The matrix effect was studied by extracting the compounds spiked in water samples of different types (Milli-Q, tap, salted tap water, river and sea water). The polymeric sorbent LiChrolut EN allowed the determination at low ng/l of all 40 compounds tested, except the very polar atrazine-desethyl-deisopropyl (DDA). Recoveries of compounds from the Envi-Carb sorbent are comparable to those obtained for LiChrolut EN with the exception of chlorothalonil and the more hydrophobic organophosphorus compounds (coumaphos, leptophos), which were strongly sorbed in the Envi-Carb cartridges. Envi-Carb, however, enabled the determination of DDA with a limit of detection of 14 ng/l.
authors.affiliation: International Atomic Energy Agency-Marine Environment Laboratory, Monaco, Monaco. i.tolosa@iaea.org
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tolosa
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Douy
authors.forename: F P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Carvalho
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D002244:Carbon; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006108:Graphite; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis*; D010710:Phosphates / Q000032:analysis*; D011137:Polystyrenes; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012997:Solvents; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007220:Industrial Waste; D010575:Pesticides; D010710:Phosphates; D011137:Polystyrenes; D012997:Solvents; D014873:Water Pollutants; D014867:Water; D002244:Carbon; D006108:Graphite; C003771:Amberlite XAD-2 resin