title: The cup is half full.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The clinical outcomes following feeding tube procedures are infrequently studied because most patients have other incurable conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multiple electronic databases were used to track clinical outcomes following all gastrostomies and jejunostomies performed at a single institution from October 1, 1992, through December 31, 1995. Preoperative risk factors and postoperative morbidity were available for all 104 cases; long-term status was available for all but 2 of 104.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The in-hospital mortality was 11.4%. Mortality was lower in those receiving feeding tubes as primary procedures (7.4%) than in those who had a feeding tube placed during other major procedures (24%, P <0.05). Postoperative pneumonia was frequent (24.7%), and was associated with preoperative gastroesophageal reflux (odds ratio 4.2, P = 0.01) and history of aspiration (odds ratio 3.9, P = 0.01). Although 14.5% of the patients were newly discharged to care facilities, the majority (74%) returned to their previous residence. Median survival was just over 6 months, with 18% surviving more than 2 years. Survival was inversely related to do-not-resuscitate status (odds ratio 4.6, P <0.001), metastatic tumor (odds ratio 2.7, P <0.001), dementia (odds ratio 2.3, P = 0.005), and unresectable tumor (odds ratio 2.1, P <0.001), but was unrelated to type of feeding tube.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant morbidity and mortality follow feeding enterostomies, but the majority of patients benefit and can return to their previous residence. Am J Surg. 1999;178:406-410. 1999 by Excerpta Medica, Inc.
authors.affiliation: VAMC Iowa City, University of Iowa College of Medicine, 52246, USA.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Ephgrave
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Buchmiller
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Cullen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D004766:Enterostomy; D005774:Gastrostomy; D006801:Humans; D007582:Jejunostomy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009017:Morbidity; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors