title: Differences in glucose-dependent insulinotrophic polypeptide hormone and hepatic lipase in subjects of southern and northern Europe: implications for postprandial lipemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was an extension of a previous study that showed different lipemic responses to standard test meals in subjects from southern and northern Europe.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to determine in 32 healthy young men from northern and southern Europe whether differences in the secretion of insulin and glucose-dependent insulinotrophic polypeptide (GIP) might explain these findings through the actions of these hormones on lipoprotein lipase.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated in a randomized, single-blind, crossover study the effects of 2 test meals of identical macronutrient composition but different saturated fatty acid (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) contents on postprandial GIP, insulin, the ratio of incremental triacylglycerol to apolipoprotein B-48 (a marker of chylomicron size), and the activity of postheparin lipases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fasting and postprandial GIP concentrations and postheparin hepatic lipase activities were significantly higher in the southern Europeans (P < 0.001 and P < 0.02, respectively). Lipoprotein lipase activity after the SFA-rich meal was significantly higher in the northern Europeans (P < 0.01). HL activity 9 h after the SFA-rich meal and the area under the curve (AUC) for the postprandial insulin response correlated with the AUC for the postprandial GIP response [r = 0.44 (P < 0.04) and r = 0.46 (P < 0.05), respectively]. There were no significant differences in chylomicron size between the 2 groups for either meal, but when the groups were combined there was a significant difference in chylomicron size between the SFA- and MUFA-rich meals (P < 0.05), which could be due to the formation of larger chylomicrons after the MUFA-rich meal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The significantly higher GIP and insulin responses and HL activities in southern Europeans may provide an explanation for our previous report of attenuated postprandial triacylglycerol and apolipoprotein B-48 responses in them.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Biological Sciences, University of Surrey, United Kingdom. k.jackson@afnovell.reading.ac.uk
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zampelas
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Knapper
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Roche
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gibney
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kafatos
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Gould
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D053283:Apolipoprotein B-48; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005060:Europe; D005215:Fasting / Q000378:metabolism; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000378:metabolism*; D008049:Lipase / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology*; D008297:Male; D019518:Postprandial Period; D016037:Single-Blind Method
chemical_list: D053283:Apolipoprotein B-48; D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; D008049:Lipase