title: Effect of ischemic time on survival in clinical lung transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While there is convincing evidence that prolonged ischemic times correlate with reduced long-term survival in heart transplantation, the effect of ischemic time on outcome in clinical lung transplantation remains controversial. To assess the effect of ischemic time on outcomes in lung transplantation, we reviewed our experience.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was performed by retrospective chart review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  First-time lung transplantation was performed on 392 patients between 1988 and 1998. All grafts were flushed with cold crystalloid preservation solution and stored on ice. Ischemic time data were available for 352 of 392 (90%) patients. Ischemic times were grouped as follows: 0 to 4 hours (n = 91), 4 to 6 hours (n = 201), more than 6 hours (n = 60). Ischemic time did not correlate with survival: 3-year actuarial survival = 56% (0 to 4 hours), 58% (4 to 6 hours), 68% (> 6 hours), p = 0.58. There was no significant difference in the incidence of biopsy-proven diffuse alveolar damage in the first 30 days after transplantation (31%, 32%, 38%), episodes of acute rejection in the first 100 days after transplantation (1.9, 1.8, 1.7), duration of intubation (median 3, 4, 3 days), or incidence of obliterative bronchiolitis (23%, 28%, 26%) between the three groups (0 to 4 hours, 4 to 6 hours, > 6 hours, respectively). A diagnosis of diffuse alveolar damage was associated with a significantly worse outcome (1-year survival = 82% versus 54%, p < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In contrast to heart transplantation, pulmonary allograft ischemic time up to 9 hours does not appear to have a significant impact on early graft function or survival. The presence of diffuse alveolar damage on biopsy early after transplantation does not correlate with prolonged ischemic time, but is associated with substantially reduced posttransplantation survival.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA. gammiej@ummhc.org
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Gammie
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Stukus
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Hattler
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: McGrath
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: McCurry
authors.forename: B P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Griffith
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Keenan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001989:Bronchiolitis Obliterans / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply*; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009926:Organ Preservation; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors