title: Effect of estradiol on insulin secreting INS-1 cells overexpressing estrogen receptors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Estrogen has been shown to have profound effects on insulin and glucose metabolism in vivo. Indeed, estrogens were recently shown to modulate ion channel and secretory activities in endocrine cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  To investigate whether estrogenic influences are caused by direct effects on pancreatic beta-cells, we equipped INS-1 insulinoma cells with estrogen receptors and monitored insulin content and Ca(2+) fluxes as well as basal and stimulated insulin secretion upon different stimuli including glucose, the Ca(2+) ionophore ionomycin, the Ca(2+) channel agonist BayK8644, the protein kinase C activator TPA, and the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data reveal that estradiol has no significant direct effect on proliferation rate, insulin content, basal and stimulated insulin output as well as Ca(2+) fluxes of insulin secreting cells in vitro, indicating that in vivo responses to estrogen on insulin and glucose metabolism result from indirect betacytotropic effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum Bergmannsheil, D-44789 Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Horn
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Möhlig
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Osterhoff
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wolter
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hofmann
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stocking
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ostertag
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wahl
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schatz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pfeiffer
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D007340:Insulinoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000378:metabolism; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D012190:Retroviridae / Q000235:genetics; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D004958:Estradiol; D002118:Calcium