title: Changes in cigarette smoking and coffee drinking after alcohol detoxification in alcoholics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the changes in cigarette smoking and coffee drinking after alcohol detoxification in alcoholics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Evaluation at admission and an average 16 days following discharge.
  
  
  METHODS
  Alcohol detoxification inpatient programme.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-three alcohol dependent (DSM-III-R) inpatients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Average number of cigarettes and of cups of coffee per day; urine cotinine level. Smokers were classified as moderate on the basis of consuming fewer than 30 cigarettes per day at the time of admission; heavy smokers were those who smoked 30 cigarettes per day or more.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As a group, the smokers (N = 58) did not significantly change their cigarette consumption and there was no change in urine cotinine level. Heavy smokers (N = 34), however, significantly decreased their cigarette consumption, but urine cotinine was unchanged. Moderate smokers (N = 24) significantly increased their cigarette consumption but urine cotinine was not significantly changed. All patients--non-smokers, moderate and heavy smokers--significantly increased their coffee intake.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that heavy smokers may react to alcohol cues and thus reduce smoking activity when sober. Moderate smokers may increase their smoking rate to cope with alcohol abstinence. These changes appear only to reflect a behavioural adjustment, without modification of patients' nicotine-seeking. Alcoholics may increase their coffee intake to cope with alcohol abstinence.
authors.affiliation: Alcohol Treatment Center, Emile Roux Hospital, Limeil-Brévannes, France. henri-jean.aubin@erx.ap-hop-paris.fr
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Aubin
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Laureaux
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tilikete
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barrucand
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology / Q000652:urine; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D003069:Coffee; D003367:Cotinine / Q000652:urine; D004327:Drinking Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology* / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D003069:Coffee; D003367:Cotinine