title: Discordancy between clinical predictions vs lymphoscintigraphic and intraoperative mapping of sentinel lymph node drainage of primary melanoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate discordancy between clinical predictions and lymphatic drainage patterns of primary cutaneous melanoma as determined by preoperative lymphoscintigraphy and intraoperative lymphatic mapping of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Before selective SLN dissection, 226 consecutive patients with melanoma underwent preoperative lymphoscintigraphy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Teaching hospital tertiary care center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Correlation of lymphatic drainage patterns from the following 3 data sources: clinical predictions preoperatively based on anatomical location of primary melanoma, lymphatic drainage patterns as determined by preoperative lymphoscintigraphy, and identification of SLNs during surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preoperative lymphoscintigraphy was successful in identifying at least 1 SLN in all 226 patients. In head and neck melanomas, at least 1 SLN was identified in an area outside what would have been clinically predicted in 11 (36.7%) of 30 cases. Discordancy for trunk melanomas was seen in 24 (25.3%) of 95 cases. Extremity melanomas showed drainage to unexpected SLNs in 6 (13.6%) of 44 and 3 (5.3%) of 57 patients for the upper and lower extremities, respectively. The overall rate of discordancy was 44 (19.5%) of 226. The SLNs were identified in surgery in all but 4 cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Discordancy is most frequent in melanomas of the head and neck region, followed by that of the trunk. Preoperative lymphoscintigraphy identifies the occasional cases in the upper and lower extremities where drainage occurs to a basin that is not clinically predictable. Preoperative lymphoscintigraphy is a prerequisite for characterizing the lymphatic drainage pattern in patients with primary melanoma, especially for sites such as head and neck as well as trunk, before selective SLN dissection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of California-San Francisco Mount Zion Cancer Center, 94115, USA. leongs@surgery.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Leong
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Achtem
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Habib
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Steinmetz
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kashani-Sabet
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sagebiel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D013671:Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid
chemical_list: D013671:Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid