title: Pediatric trauma management in a rural Wisconsin trauma center.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the results of pediatric trauma care managed with a cooperative effort by general surgeons and pediatric intensivists in comparison to national standards.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Referral level II trauma center in rural Wisconsin.
  
  
  METHODS
  All pediatric trauma patients age 16 and younger admitted to the hospital from 1990 to 1993.
  
  
  METHODS
  Demographics, mechanisms of injury, revised trauma score (RTS), injury severity score (ISS), surgical procedures, need for intensive care, and outcome were examined. All patients were primarily managed by the trauma surgery service. Those patients requiring intensive care were managed jointly by the trauma surgery service and pediatric intensivists. Outcome was predicted by TRISS analysis; patients identified as "unexpected deaths" underwent critical clinical review to determine potential for survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 531 pediatric trauma admissions. The mean age was 9.0 +/- 6.2 (SEM) years and two thirds of the patients were boys. Over half of all injuries were from falls, recreational activities, and motor vehicle crashes. There were few penetrating injuries. The mean RTS was 7.58 +/- 0.05, and the majority of patients had an ISS below 10. Sixty-two percent of patients required surgical procedures, most of which were orthopedic. Fourteen percent of patients were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit. There were 13 deaths for a mortality rate of 2.4%. TRISS analysis identified six deaths as unexpected. Four drownings were not included in TRISS analysis, and there were no unexpected survivors. Of the six unexpected deaths, there were no significant management errors identified on careful review.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cooperation between general surgeons and pediatric intensivists can result in excellent pediatric trauma care in a rural level II trauma center.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Gundersen Lutheran, La Crosse, Wisconsin 54601, USA.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Serleth
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Cogbill
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Perri
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D002648:Child; D004635:Emergency Medicine / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards; D004638:Emergency Treatment / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006780:Hospitals, Rural / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010348:Patient Care Team / Q000458:organization & administration; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards*; D014193:Trauma Centers / Q000592:standards*; D014922:Wisconsin / Q000453:epidemiology; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*