title: The role of magnetic resonance in the assessment of multiple sclerosis.
abstract: Although the correlations between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and long-term disease evolution range from poor to moderate, conventional pre- and post-contrast MRI provides sensitive and reliable measures to monitor multiple sclerosis (MS) activity over time. MRI pulse sequences that have been recently introduced have shorter acquisition times and their use in large-scale studies can significantly decrease their costs in terms of both working load and patients' discomfort. The application of non-conventional techniques can increase the pathological specificity of MRI findings and, as a consequence, improve the relationship with the clinical evolution of the disease. These techniques also enable us to quantify the subtle abnormalities occuring in the so-called normal-appearing white matter, thus allowing a more accurate assessment of MS burden to be achieved. Some of these techniques have already shown their value for assessing MS dynamics, whereas other still need to go through a more complete validation process prior to any extensive clinical application in MS.
authors.affiliation: Neuroimaging Research Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, University of Milan, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rovaris
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Filippi
mesh_terms: D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D013118:Spinal Cord Diseases / Q000473:pathology*