Reproductive choices of women in families with haemophilia.
To assess women's experiences in pregnancy and attitudes towards their reproductive choices, a structured questionnaire was sent to all obligate and potential carriers of haemophilia (A and B), aged 14-60 years, registered with our haemophilia centre. One hundred and ninety-seven of 545 (36%) returned completed questionnaires. Clinical details, including type and severity of the disease in the family and results of DNA analysis for carrier detection, were obtained from patient notes. One hundred and sixty women had been pregnant at least once, of whom 36 (23%) had received a prenatal diagnostic test. Of the 41 women who had pregnancy terminations, haemophilia was the main reason in only 11 (27%) women. This decision was affected by the woman's religion and results of DNA studies. Living close to a haemophilia centre, proper counselling at the centre and awareness of the availability of prenatal diagnostic tests influenced the women's decision to become pregnant in 14% and 10% of first and subsequent pregnancies, respectively. These factors were considered more frequently in women with severe haemophilia in the family (P = 0.002) and in confirmed carriers of haemophilia (P = 0.04). When women made a conscious decision not to have children, the reasons were fear of passing haemophilia onto their child (44%), previous experience with haemophilia (6%) and the stress of going through prenatal tests (7%). Severity of the disease in the family, haemophilia diagnosis, results of DNA studies, religion and year of birth had no effect on this decision. Our data indicate that haemophilia and related factors in the family have an influence on women's reproductive choices.
Kadir
R A
RA
University Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Free and University College Medical School, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK.
Sabin
C A
CA
Goldman
E
E
Pollard
D
D
Economides
D L
DL
Lee
C A
CA
D000028:Abortion, Induced; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002755:Choice Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D003625:Data Collection; D004739:England / Q000208:ethnology; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006467:Hemophilia A / Q000523:psychology*; D002836:Hemophilia B / Q000523:psychology*; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D007255:Information Services; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D012067:Religion; D012098:Reproduction