title: An Alu element from the K18 gene confers position-independent expression in transgenic mice.
abstract: We have identified a 323-base pair fragment of the 5'-flanking sequence of the K18 gene, which confers position-independent and copy number-dependent expression on two heterologous transgenes. This fragment is composed primarily of an Alu repetitive element. Its activity in mice is correlated with its RNA polymerase III promoter activity and its orientation-dependent ability to inhibit potential transcriptional interference in a transfection assay. However, the activity of the Alu element is not correlated with its enhancer blocking activity, a characteristic of insulator elements. In addition, this Alu element did not block the suppressive effect of co-injecting mouse alpha satellite DNA with the transgene. This Alu element is likely responsible for at least part of the protective effects of the sequences flanking the K18. These results suggest that transcriptionally active Alu elements may eliminate transcriptional interference of neighboring genes. This Alu element is one component of the locus control region associated with the K18 gene. Other Alu repetitive elements may also function to define regulatory domains.
authors.affiliation: Burnham Institute, La Jolla Cancer Research Center, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Willoughby
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vilalta
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Oshima
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020087:Alu Elements / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016384:Consensus Sequence; D004707:Endoderm / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007633:Keratins / Q000235:genetics*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008668:Metallothionein / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012320:RNA Polymerase III / Q000235:genetics; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D007633:Keratins; D008668:Metallothionein; D012320:RNA Polymerase III; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase