title: High levels of matrix metalloproteinases regulate proliferation and hormone secretion in pituitary cells.
abstract: Beside the digestion of the extracellular matrix during tumor invasion and metastasis, more recently, new functions for matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been proposed. We studied the expression and function of these enzymes in pituitary cells. We observed the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 together with expression of membrane-type MMP and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in all types of human pituitary adenomas. We found surprisingly high levels of MMP activity and low levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases, indicating a high level of extracellular matrix-degrading activity in pituitary adenomas. To examine the function of metalloproteinase activity in pituitary cells we used the synthetic MMP inhibitor batimastat. These studies demonstrate that MMPs secreted by pituitary cells can release growth factors anchored to the extracellular matrix that, in turn, control pituitary cell proliferation and hormone secretion. These results define a new additional mechanism for the control of pituitary hormone secretion and indicate new potential therapeutic targets for pituitary adenomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Páez Pereda
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Ledda
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chervín
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carrizo
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Molina
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Renner
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Podhajcer
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arzt
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Stalla
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010907:Pituitary Hormones / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D010907:Pituitary Hormones; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D013876:Thiophenes; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D010649:Phenylalanine; C080985:batimastat; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9