title: Increased sensitivity to seizures in mice lacking cellular prion protein.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The physiologic role of the cellular prion protein (PrPc) is unknown. Mice devoid of PrPc develop normally and show only minor deficits. However, electrophysiologic and histologic alterations found in these mice suggest a possible role for PrPc in seizure threshold and/or epilepsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We tested the sensitivity of PrPc knockout mice to seizures induced by single convulsant or repeated subconvulsant (kindling) doses of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), and to status epilepticus (SE) induced by kainic acid or pilocarpine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In PTZ kindling, seizure severity progressed faster in the PrPc knockout group, in which 92.8% reached stage 5 or death after 4 days of stimulation, as opposed to 38.4% in wild-type animals. After 10 injections, mortality was 85.7% among knockouts and 15.3% among controls. After a single PTZ injection (60 mg/kg), overall mortality due to seizures was 91% in knockout mice, but only 33% among wild-type animals. Pilocarpine-induced SE (320 mg/kg) caused an 86.7% mortality in knockouts, as opposed to 40% in wild-type animals. Finally, after kainic acid injections (10 mg/kg), 70% of the knockouts developed at least one severe seizure, and 50% showed repetitive seizures, whereas no wild-type animal exhibited observable seizures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Animals lacking cellular prion protein expression are more susceptible to seizures induced by various convulsant agents. This is perhaps the most striking alteration yet found in PrPc-null mice, who at first analysis appeared to be completely normal. A possible role for PrPc in chronic and idiopathic (familial), secondary, or cryptogenic epilepsies in humans remains to be investigated.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Memória, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. rogerwalz@hotmail.com
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Walz
authors.forename: O B
authors.initials: OB
authors.lastname: Amaral
authors.forename: I C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Rockenbach
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Roesler
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Izquierdo
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Cavalheiro
authors.forename: V R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Brentani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D007608:Kainic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D007696:Kindling, Neurologic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D010433:Pentylenetetrazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D010862:Pilocarpine / Q000494:pharmacology; D018621:PrPC Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D018621:PrPC Proteins; D010862:Pilocarpine; D007608:Kainic Acid; D010433:Pentylenetetrazole