title: Spontaneous abortion and physical strain around implantation: a follow-up study of first-pregnancy planners.
abstract: Existing studies of physical strain and spontaneous abortion are mainly retrospective or based only on pregnancies that have survived the first trimester. Furthermore, almost all studies have relied on averaged measures of physical strain, which tend to blur an effect if peak values during short time periods are the relevant measure. We followed a cohort of first pregnancy planners from termination of birth control until pregnancy for a maximum of six menstrual cycles. The analyses include 181 pregnancies, of which 32 were subclinical pregnancies detected by hCG analysis only. During early pregnancy the women recorded physical strain prospectively in a structured diary. Physical strain around the time of implantation was associated with later spontaneous abortion. The adjusted risk ratio for women who reported physical strain higher than average at day 6 to 9 after the estimated date of ovulation was 2.5 (95% CI = 1.3-4.6).
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Hjollund
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bonde
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Henriksen
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Kolstad
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ernst
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giwercman
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Skakkebaek
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Olsen
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D000328:Adult; D010064:Embryo Implantation; D015444:Exercise; D005193:Family Planning Services; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors