title: Expression of collagenase-3 (MMP-13) and collagenase-1 (MMP-1) by transformed keratinocytes is dependent on the activity of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase.
abstract: Collagenase-3 (MMP-13) is a human matrix metalloproteinase specifically expressed by transformed squamous epithelial cells, i.e. squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells in culture and in vivo. Here, we have elucidated the signaling pathways regulating MMP-13 expression in transformed human epidermal keratinocytes, i.e. ras-transformed HaCaT cell line A-5 and cutaneous SCC cell line (UT-SCC-7). Treatment with tumor necrosis factor-(alpha) (TNF-(alpha) resulted in activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1,2, Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in both cell lines. In addition, transforming growth factor-(beta) (TGF-(beta) activated p38 MAPK in both cell lines, and ERK2 in A-5 cells. Selective inhibition of p38 activity with SB 203580 abolished the enhancement of MMP-13, as well as collagenase-1 (MMP-1) and 92-kDa gelatinase (MMP-9) expression by TNF-(alpha) and TGF-(beta). Blocking the ERK1, 2 pathway by PD 98059 had no effect on the induction of MMP-13 expression by TNF-(alpha) or TGF-(beta), but potently suppressed MMP-1 and MMP-9 production. Inhibition of p38 activity by SB 203580 also suppressed collagenolytic activity produced by both cell lines and inhibited invasion of TNF-(alpha) or TGF-(beta) stimulated A-5 cells through type I collagen and reconstituted basement membrane (Matrigel). These results show that activation of p38 MAPK pathway plays a crucial role in the invasive phenotype of transformed squamous epithelial cells, suggesting p38 MAPK as a target to specifically inhibit their invasion.
authors.affiliation: MediCity Research Laboratory and Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ala-aho
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Uitto
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grénman
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Fusenig
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: López-Otín
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Kähäri
mesh_terms: D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D017364:Collagenases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D016762:Genes, fos / Q000187:drug effects; D016758:Genes, jun / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000201:enzymology*; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D017364:Collagenases; C507079:MMP13 protein, human; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1