Antibody and cellular immune responses in breakthrough infection subjects after HIV type 1 glycoprotein 120 vaccination.
HIV-specific antibodies and CD8+ T cell antiviral responses were evaluated in three human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) gp120 vaccine recipients who later became infected with HIV-1. Titers of neutralizing antibody to the HIV-1(SF2) vaccine isolate were boosted, but titers of antibody to the autologous infecting viruses were never high and required at least 6 months after HIV infection to develop. Similarly, a marginal noncytotoxic CD8+ T cell antiviral response was observed only in one of the three vaccinees 3 months after HIV-1 infection. The infecting virus isolates had several amino acid substitutions in the HIV-1 envelope V3 region but were similar to other regional HIV-1 clade B isolates. Viral loads were similar to those of other HIV-1-infected individuals who had not been vaccinated and transient CD4+ T cell declines were observed in each person, suggesting that the vaccine was not effective at controlling these prognostic markers early in infection.
Locher
C P
CP
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143, USA.
Grant
R M
RM
Collisson
E A
EA
Reyes-Terán
G
G
Elbeik
T
T
Kahn
J O
JO
Levy
J A
JA
D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016384:Consensus Sequence; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000276:immunology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007117:Immunization, Secondary; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology*; D013997:Time Factors; D017211:Treatment Failure; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000276:immunology*; D019562:Viral Load
D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic