title: Effect of CCK-4 on a 35% carbon dioxide challenge in healthy volunteers.
abstract: 1. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a subthreshold dose of CCK-4 would enhance the vulnerability of healthy subjects to a 35% carbon dioxide challenge. 2. 27 subjects, with no prior or present psychiatric disorder and in good physical condition were challenged with a vital capacity breath of a 35% carbon dioxide mixture, immediately after an intravenous injection of 5 micrograms CCK-4 or placebo, according to a random order double blind crossover design. 3. Subjects reported significantly less panic symptoms upon carbon dioxide after premedication with CCK-4 than after placebo. 4. Both CCK-4 and carbon dioxide may act on the same neuronal pathways, but seem to inhibit rather than potentiate each other effects.
authors.affiliation: University of Maastricht, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pols
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Griez
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bourin
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schruers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000209:etiology*; D013758:Tetragastrin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D013758:Tetragastrin; D002245:Carbon Dioxide