title: Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein-related protein-1: an autocrine/paracrine factor that inhibits skeletal myoblast differentiation but permits proliferation in response to IGF.
abstract: Skeletal myogenic cells respond to the insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II) by differentiating or proliferating, which are mutually exclusive pathways. What determines which of these responses to IGF skeletal myoblast undergo is unclear. IGF-binding protein-related protein 1 (IGFBP-rP1) is a secreted protein with close homology to the IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) in the N-terminal region. IGFBP-rP1, previously called mac25 and IGFBP-7, is highly expressed in C2 skeletal myoblasts during the proliferative phase, but is down-regulated during myoblast differentiation. To determine the role of IGFBP-rP1 in myogenesis, IGFBP-rP1 was overexpressed in C2 myoblasts using a retroviral vector. Western blots indicated that the resulting C2-rP1 myoblasts secreted approximately 27-fold higher levels of IGFBP-rP1 than control C2-LX myoblasts that were transduced with a control vector (LXSN). Compared with C2-LX myoblasts, the differentiation responses of C2-rP1 myoblasts to IGF-I, IGF-II, insulin, and des(1-3)IGF-I were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). However, proliferation responses of C2-rP1 and C2-LX myoblasts to these same factors were not significantly different. Exposure of control C2-LX myoblasts to factors secreted by C2-rP1 myoblasts using a transwell coculture system reduced C2-LX myoblast differentiation significantly (P < 0.05). Experiments with the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase inhibitor PD098059 suggested that IGFBP-rP1 inhibits a MAPK-dependent differentiation pathway. In confirmation of this idea, levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase-2 (a MAPK) were reduced in C2-rP1 myoblasts compared with those in C2-LX myoblasts. These findings indicate that IGFBP-rP1 may function as an autocrine/paracrine factor that specifies the proliferative response to the IGFs in myogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Puget Sound Health Care System, Tacoma, Washington 98493, USA.
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Haugk
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Swisshelm
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Quinn
mesh_terms: D019898:Autocrine Communication / Q000502:physiology*; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D018970:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1 / Q000502:physiology*; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D019899:Paracrine Communication / Q000502:physiology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013002:Somatomedins / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D018970:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013002:Somatomedins; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one