title: Total arterial coronary revascularization: techniques and results in 3,220 patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To overcome the problems of late vein graft atherosclerosis, occlusion and need of coronary reoperations, we have adopted a strategy of total arterial coronary revascularization. We evaluated our experience with this strategy to establish its safety and efficacy.
  
  
  METHODS
  All 3,220 consecutive patients who had total arterial coronary revascularization from January 1988 to June 1998 were evaluated. Data were collected prospectively. The mean age was 62.2 years. Of the patients, 595 (18.8%) had diabetes; 739 (23%) had a left ventricular ejection fraction of less than 0.50; and 484 (15%) were classified unstable/urgent. The conduits included 3,140 left internal thoracic arteries, 1,224 right internal thoracic arteries, and 2,417 radial arteries, 654 of which were bilateral. A Y or T graft with the left internal thoracic artery was used in 467 patients. Patients were followed up at 1 month, 3 months, and yearly thereafter. Postoperative angiography was performed for symptoms or as part of an ethics committee-approved prospective study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The operative mortality rate was 0.7% (21 patients). Complications included stroke in 26 patients (0.8%), myocardial infarction in 27 (0.8%), sternal infection in 35 (1.1%), and reoperation for hemorrhage in 23 (0.7%). The peak level of the myocardial enzyme of creatine kinase was 16.4+/-14.9 IU/L. Twenty-five patients (0.8%) required intraoperative or postoperative intraaortic balloon pump support. Mortality and stroke rates were higher in patients having reoperation (0.6% versus 1.8%; p = 0.11; and 0.7% versus 2.2%; p = 0.07, respectively). Postoperative angiographic patency was 97% at 5 years for the left internal thoracic artery (620 grafts), 89% at 5 years for the right internal thoracic artery (276 grafts), and 91% at 1 year for the radial artery (65 grafts).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Total arterial coronary revascularization can be performed safely with good patency rates in a large number of patients and may potentially avoid the sequelae of vein graft atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Richmond, Australia. james.tatoulis@nwhcn.org.au
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tatoulis
authors.forename: B F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Buxton
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Fuller
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Royse
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012086:Reoperation; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology; D015996:Survival Rate; D014654:Vascular Patency