title: Effects of abdominal belts on intra-abdominal pressure, intra-muscular pressure in the erector spinae muscles and myoelectrical activities of trunk muscles.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of abdominal belts on lifting performance, muscle activation, intra-abdominal pressure and intra-muscular pressure of the erector spinae muscles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Simultaneous measurement of intra-abdominal pressure, intra-muscular pressure of the erector spinae muscles was performed during the Valsalva maneuver and some isometric lift exertions.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  While several hypotheses have been suggested regarding the biomechanics of belts and performance has been found to increase when lifting with belts, very little is known about the modulating effects on trunk stiffness. At present, there is no reason to believe that spine tolerance to loads increases with belts.
  
  
  METHODS
  An abdominal belt designed for weightlifting was used. Intra-abdominal pressure, intra-muscular pressure of the erector spinae muscles and myoelectric activities of trunk muscles (erector spinae, rectus abdominis and external oblique) were measured simultaneously during the Valsalva maneuver as well as three types of isometric lifting exertions (arm, leg and torso lift). A paired t-test was used to analyze for statistical differences between the two conditions (without-belt and with-belt) in intra-abdominal pressure, intra-muscular pressure of the erector spinae muscles and in the integrated EMG of the trunk muscles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intra-muscular pressure of the erector spinae muscles increased significantly by wearing the abdominal belt during Valsalva maneuvers and during maximum isometric lifting exertions, while maximum isometric lifting capacity and peak intra-abdominal pressure were not affected. Integrated EMG of rectus abdominis increased significantly by wearing the abdominal belt during Valsalva maneuvers (after full inspiration) and during isometric leg lifting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Wearing abdominal belts raises intra-muscular pressure of the erector spinae muscles and appears to stiffen the trunk. Assuming that increased intra-muscular pressure of the erector spinae muscles stabilizes the lumbar spine, wearing abdominal belts may contribute to the stabilization during lifting exertions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University, School of Medicine, Japan. kei@gix.or.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Iinuma
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimizu
mesh_terms: D000009:Abdominal Muscles / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004576:Electromyography; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D010369:Pectoralis Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D011312:Pressure; D011482:Protective Devices / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D019876:Sports Equipment; D014636:Valsalva Maneuver; D014891:Weight Lifting / Q000502:physiology*