title: Outbreak of coccidioidomycosis in Washington state residents returning from Mexico.
abstract: In July 1996 the Washington State Department of Health (Seattle) was notified of a cluster of a flulike, rash-associated illness in a 126-member church group, many of whom were adolescents. The group had recently returned from Tecate, Mexico, where members had assisted with construction projects at an orphanage. After 1 member was diagnosed with coccidioidomycosis, we initiated a study to identify further cases. We identified 21 serologically confirmed cases of coccidioidomycosis (minimum attack rate, 17%). Twenty cases (95%) occurred in adolescents, and 13 patients (62%) had rash. Sixteen symptomatic patients saw 19 health care providers; 1 health care provider correctly diagnosed coccidioidomycosis. Coccidioides immitis was isolated from soil samples from Tecate by use of the intraperitoneal mouse inoculation method. Trip organizers were unaware of the potential for C. immitis infection. Travelers visiting regions where C. immitis is endemic should be made aware of the risk of acquiring coccidioidomycosis, and health care providers should be familiar with coccidioidomycosis and its diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Section of Communicable Disease Epidemiology, Washington State Department of Health, and Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Applied Public Health Training, Seattle, WA, USA. kfc4@cdc.gov
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cairns
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Blythe
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pappagianis
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kaufman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hajjeh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000908:Antibodies, Fungal / Q000097:blood; D003045:Coccidioides / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D003047:Coccidioidomycosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D051379:Mice; D012307:Risk Factors; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D014195:Travel; D014861:Washington / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000908:Antibodies, Fungal