title: [Correlation of ultrasound and galactography in the diagnosis of nipple discharge. Preliminary results].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several pathologic conditions involving the breast ductal tree can cause bloody or serous nipple discharge. Galactography plays a major clinical role in identifying and localizing intraductal masses, but its sensitivity in detecting cancer is certainly suboptimal. Presently high-frequency ultrasound (US) probes allow detection and guided biopsy of intraductal lesions. We compared the specific information provided by US and galactography in the discharging breast.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-three patients with discharging breast were submitted to both diagnostic examinations. US was performed with 13 MHz scanheads both before and after galactography. Galactography was performed with 30-31 G catheters to cannulate the discharging duct. Nonionic, water-soluble, sterile contrast material was administered. Postgalactography US was performed to investigate if it could yield further information. The final diagnosis was made at histology and 2 years' instrumental follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were evaluated for both techniques. We considered a positive finding the detection of a lesion in general (be it papilloma, papillomatosis, or cancer), as well as the detection of carcinoma only. Sensitivity was 96% for galactography and 84% for US in the former case, versus 50% and 100%, respectively, in the latter. Postgalactography US added no major information.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  US is more sensitive than galactography in cancer diagnosis and, it permits guided biopsy and preoperative localization of unpalpable ductal lesions. In our limited experience, US can be considered a complementary diagnostic tool to galactography in the discharging breast.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Oncologia, Università di Pisa.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cilotti
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marinari
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Armillotta
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Traino
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Falleni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009558:Nipples / Q000378:metabolism*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011859:Radiography; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016217:Ultrasonography, Mammary