title: Use of antipsychosis and adjunctive medications by an inner urban community psychiatric service.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this paper is to survey patterns of use of new generation and conventional antipsychosis and adjunctive drugs by an inner urban community psychiatric service.
  
  
  METHODS
  All prescriptions for antipsychosis medications and all patients receiving these drugs in May 1998 were identified. Case record review yielded demographic and diagnostic data. Information was also obtained directly from prescribers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 859 patients, 77% received antipsychosis medication; 53% of prescriptions for antipsychotics were for new generation drugs: risperidone (42%), olanzapine (37%) and clozapine (21%). Mean doses were 4.1+/-2.5 mg (risperidone), 14.7+/-8.2 mg (olanzapine) and 377.4+/-178.9 mg (clozapine). Doses for men tended to be higher than those for women, but the differences were not significant. DSM-IV diagnosis was schizophrenia for 74% of patients on atypicals, but patients with other diagnoses were also being treated with these drugs. Risperidone was more commonly used in combination with benzodiazepines and anticholinergics than olanzapine and clozapine, while clozapine was less likely to be combined with antidepressants and mood stabilisers. Of the conventionals, 66% were in depot form, mostly because of non-compliance. Combinations of antipsychotics were prescribed to 13% of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  New generation antipsychosis medications were prescribed more commonly than conventional drugs in this service for a wide range of diagnoses. Adjunctive medications were commonly utilised. These findings underline the clinical complexity of antipsychotic treatment in a changing environment.
authors.affiliation: Monash University, Psychiatric Service, The Alfred, Prahran, Victoria, Australia. N.Keks@alfred.org.au
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Keks
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Altson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hope
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Krapivensky
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Culhane
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanaghow
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Doherty
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bootle
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D003024:Clozapine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003156:Community Mental Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004363:Drug Utilization; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077152:Olanzapine; D010890:Pirenzepine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D018967:Risperidone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D010890:Pirenzepine; D003024:Clozapine; D018967:Risperidone; D000077152:Olanzapine