title: Pseudoglandular formations in clot sections from fine needle aspirates--an artefact caused by bubble formation during aspiration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the occurrence of an uncommon artefact producing pseudoglandular formations in clot sections from haemorrhagic fine needle aspirations.
  
  
  METHODS
  All available histological material from 610 fine needle aspirations by pathologists (23 g needle) over a five year period was reviewed. The frequency and associations of the pseudoglandular artefact was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clot sections were prepared in 41 of the 610 cases (7%). Bubbles were present in the clots in 22 of these cases (54%), and in three cases (7%) these were lined by lymphocytes creating pseudoglandular formations. These were two lymph node aspirates and one thyroid aspirate. In four further cases lesser numbers of cells partly lined some of the bubbles; these were lymphocytes, macrophages, or in one case, thyroid epithelial cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When clot sections are prepared in cases of haemorrhagic fine needle aspiration, bubbles are often produced during suction; these can on occasion become lined by lymphocytes or other cells, leading to pseudoglandular formations. Recognition of this artefact will prevent unnecessary further investigation of their nature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Histopathology and Cytopathology, University Hospital Lewisham, London, UK.
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Keen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016477:Artifacts; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male