title: Experiences of ethnic minority primary care physicians with managed care: a national survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if ethnic minority physicians experience more barriers in acquiring and maintaining managed care contracts than white physicians, and to determine if the physician's perceptions of his or her ability to provide appropriate care to patients varies with physician ethnicity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a national sample, we identified 4 research areas germane to this topic and analyzed them by physician ethnic group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis involved a pre-existing data set from a national survey that employed a random sampling approach to achieve reasonably accurate national population estimates with acceptable margins of error (95% CI = +/- 2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1032 primary care physicians completed the survey (response rate of 48%). After controlling for confounding variables, we found that Asian physicians have the most difficulty keeping managed care contracts. Type of practice varies with physician ethnicity, and solo practitioners have more problems securing contracts than physicians in other types of practices. Board-certified physicians are more likely to have managed care contracts than those who are not. Latino physicians have significantly fewer managed care patients than primary care physicians who are white, African American, or Asian. The perceptions of the physicians of their ability to deliver appropriate care overall did not vary by ethnicity, but 2 major subcategories of this item did vary by physician ethnicity: quality of care, and limitations to providing care.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although we did not find overwhelming evidence of discrimination against ethnic minority physicians, differences in rates of termination, type of practice, board certification rates, and managed care affiliation were related to physician ethnicity.
authors.affiliation: Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, USA.
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Mackenzie
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lavizzo-Mourey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002568:Certification; D003284:Contract Services; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008329:Managed Care Programs; D008875:Middle Aged; D010820:Physicians / Q000458:organization & administration*; D011287:Prejudice; D011320:Primary Health Care; D014481:United States; D000078329:Workforce