title: Computerized tomographic ureteroscopy for diagnosing ureteral tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Helical computerized tomography (CT) image acquisition has led to the availability of improved data sets for CT endoscopic imaging that represent virtual endoscopy using CT. We assessed the usefulness of CT ureteroscopic imaging for diagnosing ureteral tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 16 patients with ureteral stenosis underwent surface rendering CT ureteroscopy after the intravenous administration of contrast material and furosemide. To distinguish ureteral tumors from ureteral strictures 2 observers blinded to other patient history and evaluation data independently and prospectively evaluated CT ureteroscopy with reformatted CT ureterograms in these 16 patients. CT ureteroscopic images were then correlated with surgical and pathological findings, which served as the gold standard.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Surgical and pathological findings in the 16 patients revealed 16 ureteral tumors, including carcinoma in 10 (carcinoma in situ in 1, fibroepithelial polyps in 2 and hyperplastic polypoids in 4), inflammatory intrinsic stricture in 2 and extrinsic stricture in 4 caused by retroperitoneal fibrosis in 2 and lymph node metastasis in 2. CT ureteroscopy correctly detected all lesions except 1 carcinoma in situ, 1 polypoid carcinoma and 1 hyperplastic polypoid. The sensitivity and specificity of CT ureteroscopy for detecting ureteral tumors and carcinoma were 81% and 100%, and 80% and 75%, respectively, when tumors without stalks were considered carcinoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CT ureteroscopy is useful for visualizing the complex morphology of ureteral tumors and distinguishing tumor from ureteral stricture.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Yokohama City University Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takebayashi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hosaka
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishibashi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tomoda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsubara
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014516:Ureteral Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D018666:Ureteroscopy