title: A critical role for B7/CD28 costimulation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: a comparative study using costimulatory molecule-deficient mice and monoclonal antibody blockade.
abstract: The B7/CD28 pathway provides critical costimulatory signals required for complete T cell activation and has served as a potential target for immunotherapeutic strategies designed to regulate autoimmune diseases. This study was designed to examine the roles of CD28 and its individual ligands, B7-1 and B7-2, in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a Th1-mediated inflammatory disease of the CNS. EAE induction in CD28- or B7-deficient nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice was compared with the effects of B7/CD28 blockade using Abs in wild-type NOD mice. Disease severity was significantly reduced in CD28-deficient as well as anti-B7-1/B7-2-treated NOD mice. B7-2 appeared to play the more dominant role as there was a moderate decrease in disease incidence and severity in B7-2-deficient animals. EAE resistance was not due to the lack of effective priming of the myelin peptide-specific T cells in vivo. T cells isolated from CD28-deficient animals produced equivalent amounts of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha in response to the immunogen, proteolipid protein 56-70. In fact, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha production by Ag-specific T cells was enhanced in both the B7-1 and B7-2-deficient NOD mice. In contrast, peptide-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity responses in these animals were significantly decreased, suggesting a critical role for CD28 costimulation in in vivo trafficking and systemic immunity. Collectively, these results support a critical role for CD28 costimulation in EAE induction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Medical School, Northwestern University Institute for Neuroscience, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Girvin
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Dal Canto
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rhee
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Salomon
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharpe
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bluestone
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D019138:Antibodies, Blocking / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000276:immunology; D018122:B7-1 Antigen / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; D018106:CD28 Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018991:Myelin Proteolipid Protein / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D019138:Antibodies, Blocking; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015703:Antigens, CD; D018122:B7-1 Antigen; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; D018106:CD28 Antigens; C497965:Cd86 protein, mouse; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D018991:Myelin Proteolipid Protein; D010446:Peptide Fragments