title: The influence of citrate concentration on the quality of plasma obtained by automated plasmapheresis: a prospective study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is a need for more comprehensive work dealing with the quality of plasma collected by automated plasmapheresis using different final concentrations of citrate anticoagulant. A prospective study was performed to examine the influence of three concentrations of sodium citrate on the levels of clotting factors and markers of activated hemostasis and fibrinolysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-one experienced plasma donors were recruited for subsequent 750-mL plasmapheresis procedures using 4-percent (wt/vol) sodium citrate. Anticoagulant-to-blood ratios of 1:16.6, 1:14.2, and 1:12.5 were used, corresponding to sodium citrate concentrations of 6 percent, 7 percent, and 8 percent (vol/vol), respectively. Between two plasmapheresis procedures, there was a washout period of 7 days. Determinations were made of the plasma levels of fibrinogen and factors V, VII, VIII, and IX, as well as antithrombin, tissue-type plasminogen activator, and several markers of activated hemostasis and fibrinolysis: activated factor VII, prothrombin splits products, D-dimers, and beta-thromboglobulin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The plasma samples anticoagulated with 6-percent citrate contained significantly higher levels of factors V, VIII, and IX than the samples anticoagulated with 8-percent citrate (p<0.0001, p< or =0.0001 and p = 0.009, respectively). The citrate concentration had no influence on the levels of fibrinogen, factor VII, antithrombin, or tissue-type plasminogen activator. There was no evidence that the plasma samples containing lower citrate concentrations were more prone to activation of hemostasis or fibrinolysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A reduction in the final citrate concentration of plasma collected by automated plasmapheresis results in higher yields of factors V, VIII, and IX without activation of hemostasis. More comprehensive studies should confirm previous work dealing with the establishment of the lowest citrate concentration acceptable in plasma used as therapeutic fresh-frozen plasma or as starting material for the manufacture of plasma derivatives.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Hemostaseology and Transfusion Medicine, City Hospital Ludwigshafen, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Beeck
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Kiessig
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaeser
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wolter
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hellstern
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000494:pharmacology; D000991:Antithrombins / Q000378:metabolism; D002951:Citrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010949:Plasma / Q000187:drug effects*; D010956:Plasmapheresis / Q000592:standards*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D001620:beta-Thromboglobulin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D000991:Antithrombins; D002951:Citrates; D001620:beta-Thromboglobulin