title: Reproduction management of tethered cows on Norwegian dairy farms.
abstract: Dairy farms in southern Norway were surveyed to obtain information regarding reproduction management in tied herds. A total of 1613 farms were included in the analyses. Reproductive performance during the main breeding period of the year (November 1 to February 28) was measured using the following dependent variables: calving to first service and last service interval, number of artificial inseminations per cow, non-return rate at 60 days, and calving interval. Culling for failure to conceive was found to be associated with longer calving to first service interval, more inseminations per cow and lower non-return rate. More inseminations per cow and lower non-return rate were also recorded in herds where breeding was close to calving. Oestrous checks late in the evening and frequent observations were associated with shorter calving to last service interval and shorter calving interval. Calving to last service interval was prolonged if the farmers were occupied with routine work while conducting oestrous checks. Manual rectal pregnancy testing was of little importance for reproductive efficiency in dairy herds with good breeding performance. More inseminations per cow occurred in herds where oestrous checks were conducted systematically 3 and 6 weeks after service. Calving to last service interval and calving interval were shorter when only one person was responsible for the herd breeding management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproduction and Forensic Medicine, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Oslo. olav.reksen@veths.no
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Reksen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tverdal
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Lang-Ree
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Glattre
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ropstad
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D003612:Dairying; D004971:Estrus / Q000502:physiology*; D004972:Estrus Detection / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D007774:Lactation; D016014:Linear Models; D008892:Milk / Q000378:metabolism; D009664:Norway; D011247:Pregnancy; D012098:Reproduction; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires