title: Colitis may be part of the antiepileptic drug hypersensitivity syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To show that colitis may be part of the antiepileptic hypersensitivity syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Description of two case histories.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The first patient was a 47-year-old man who developed fever, lymphadenopathy, influenza-like symptoms, facial edema, skin rash and diarrhea after 3 weeks of carbamazepine (CBZ) treatment. Laparotomy because of severe abdominal pain 2 weeks later showed severe colitis with perforations. The second patient was a 41-year-old woman who developed fever, diarrhea, and skin rash 4 weeks after start of CBZ treatment. A colon biopsy confirmed colitis. Stool examinations did not show pathogenic microorganisms, and there was no evidence of Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. Both patients had elevated liver enzymes, peripheral eosinophilia, and eosinophils in the infiltrate of the colon.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In view of the close temporal relation between start of CBZ intake and development of colitis, the presence of fever, lymphadenopathy, and rash, and improvement after discontinuation of CBZ, we conclude that the two patients developed an AED hypersensitivity syndrome. Our case histories demonstrate that severe colitis may be part of this syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Eland
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Dofferhoff
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vink
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Zondervan
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Stricker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003092:Colitis / Q000139:chemically induced*; D004342:Drug Hypersensitivity / Q000209:etiology*; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000188:drug therapy; D004830:Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic / Q000188:drug therapy; D005076:Exanthema / Q000139:chemically induced; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D008206:Lymphatic Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013577:Syndrome
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D002220:Carbamazepine