title: Limitations of the SF-36 in a sample of nursing home residents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to assess test characteristics of the Medical Outcomes Study SF-36 (Short-Form 36) with residents of nursing homes.
  
  
  METHODS
  nursing home residents with 17 or more points on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and > or = 3 months residence (128 of 552 screened) were selected randomly. Interviewers administered the SF-36 (repeated after 1 week), Geriatric Depression Scale and MMSE. We recorded activities of daily living and medication data from medical records. Data analysis included test-retest intraclass correlations, item completion, score distributions and SF-36 correlations with measures of physical and mental functioning.
  
  
  RESULTS
  97 nursing home residents (75.8%) consented. Test-retest intraclass correlation coefficients were good to excellent (range = 0.55 to 0.82). Convergent validity between SF-36 physical health scales and the activities of daily living index was modest (r range = -0.37 to -0.43). About 25% of residents scored zero (lowest score) on at least one SF-36 physical function measure. SF-36 mental health scales correlated strongly with the Geriatric Depression Scale (r range = -0.63 to -0.71) and modestly with bodily pain (r = -0.35). No SF-36 scales correlated strongly with the MMSE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  only one in five nursing home residents met minimal participation criteria, suggesting limited utility of the SF-36 in nursing homes. Reliability and validity characteristics were fairly good. Skewed scores were noted for some SF-36 scales. The utility of the SF-36 may be limited to assessments of subjects with higher cognitive and physical functioning than typical nursing home residents. The SF-36 might benefit from modification for this setting, or by tests of proxy ratings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health, St Louis University School of Public Health, MO 63108, USA. Andresen@slu.edu
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Andresen
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Gravitt
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Aydelotte
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Podgorski
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000145:classification; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006304:Health Status; D006707:Homes for the Aged / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008609:Mental Status Schedule / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D009735:Nursing Homes / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results