title: Intra-operative procedures to localize endocrine tumours of the pancreas and duodenum.
abstract: Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy is the best imaging method to identify the presence of neuroendocrine gastroenteropancreatic tumours. Nevertheless, a well structured surgical approach incorporating specific intra-operative methods can localize those tumours that cannot be readily detected by this imaging technique. In the case of gastrinoma, standard palpation allows duodenal tumour detection in approximately 60% of cases, endoscopic transillumination, in more than 80%. Furthermore, adding duodenotomy, 95-97% duodenal tumours can be localized. Intraoperative ultrasound, instead, does not add much to standard palpation in duodenal gastrinoma localization. For insulinoma detection, among the intra-operative methods, inspection gives the poorest results, identifying the lesion in only 20% of cases. Palpation offers better results, localizing 60-80% of insulinomas. The introduction of intra-operative ultrasound has revolutionized the ability to find pancreatic insulinoma, allowing the surgeon to identify the insulinoma in nearly every patient.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Norton
mesh_terms: D004379:Duodenal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D019160:Endosonography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007813:Laparotomy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D010173:Palpation / Q000379:methods; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity