title: Ageing of the cardiovascular system during 33 years of aerobic exercise.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  increasing age affects aerobic capacity, with an average loss of 10% or more per decade.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  to determine the effect of ageing on the circulatory system in middle-aged men during 33 years of physical training.
  
  
  METHODS
  15 men initially aged 45 years took part in an exercise training programme for 25-33 years. Nine serial measurements were made at rest and during maximal effort. Aerobic training consisted of swimming, jogging, walking and cycling 3-4 times per week. Sessions were for 61-70 min at 77-84% of heart rate reserve.
  
  
  RESULTS
  there was no change in resting heart rate, blood pressure, percentage fat or body composition. Minimal cardiovascular losses at maximal work included 5.8-6.8% in maximal oxygen uptake per decade, 25 beats in maximum heart rate and 26 beats in heart rate reserve.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  exercise training has a favourable effect on ageing of the cardiovascular system in older men, resulting in minimal loss of oxygen uptake, no rise in resting blood pressure and no change in body composition.
authors.affiliation: San Diego State University, CA 92182, USA.
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Kasch
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Boyer
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Verity
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guy
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schneider
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology; D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen