title: Bovine and human insulin activate CD8+-autoreactive CTL expressing both type 1 and type 2 cytokines in C57BL/6 mice.
abstract: CD8+ T cells down-regulate a variety of immune responses. For example, porcine and human insulin do not stimulate Abs in C57BL/6 mice because CD8+ T cells inhibit CD4+ helper T cells. By contrast, bovine insulin induces Ab in C57BL/6 mice, and removal of CD8+ T cells does not alter this response. This raises the question of whether porcine, but not bovine, insulin activates CD8+ T cells or whether both insulins activate CD8+ T cells but CD4+ helper T cells are differentially inhibited by them. In this study, we show that insulin-specific CD8+ CTL can be cultured from C57BL/6 mice primed with either bovine or human insulin in CFA. Thus, exogenous Ags, besides OVA, induce CD8+ CTL when administered in an adjuvant, suggesting this is a typical response. These CTL are H-2Kb restricted and produce IL-5, IL-10, IFN-gamma, and small amounts of IL-4, which is distinct from IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha that are typically secreted by virus-specific CTL. Moreover, the CTL primed with either bovine or human insulin recognize an A-chain peptide that is identical to the mouse insulin sequence. That foreign proteins, which are closely related to self-proteins, activated autoreactive, CD8+ T cells in vivo is a novel finding. It raises the possibility that self-reactive CTL may be activated by cross-reacting Ags and once activated they might participate in autoimmunity. These results also suggest that down-regulation of insulin-specific responses by autoreactive CD8+ T cells is most likely due to the differential sensitivity of bovine and human insulin-specific CD4+ T cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Winship Cancer Center, Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ke
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kapp
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D016827:CD8 Antigens / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002417:Cattle; D002999:Clone Cells; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000276:immunology; D006183:H-2 Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010455:Peptides / Q000276:immunology; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection / Q000276:immunology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D016827:CD8 Antigens; D016207:Cytokines; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte; D006183:H-2 Antigens; D007328:Insulin; D010455:Peptides