title: Pancreatic carcinoma: reappraisal of surgical experiences in one Japanese university hospital.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Even with the recent advances of diagnostic and therapeutic modalities, the clinical course of patients with pancreatic cancer remains dismal. Five-year survivors are rare, cure is exceptional, and the operative mortality rate is significant. In this study, univariate and multivariate retrospective analyses were performed with regard to the prognostic parameters to clarify the problems in order to improve survival rates after surgical resection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical courses of 60 Japanese patients with pancreatic cancer who underwent surgical resection in one Japanese University Hospital were reviewed to scrutinize the influence of 22 prognostic (9 host-side, 5 operative and 8 tumor-side) factors. A special reference was made on intra-operative radiation therapy, portal vein resection, lymph node dissection around the aorta, and conventional pancreatoduodenectomy versus pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy in pancreatic head cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Univariate analysis showed that operation time, comprehensive stage, comprehensive curability, histopathologic grade of differentiation and histopathologic venous invasion were statistically significant factors. Multivariate Cox regression analysis regarding the 5 profound factors showed that histopathologic grade of differentiation and histopathologic venous invasion were independently significant factors. The 1- and 3-year survival rates of 18 patients with intra-operative radiation therapy were 56% and 39%, while those of 36 patients without intra-operative radiation therapy were 54% and 18%. The 1- and 3-year survival rates of 43 patients with PV0,1 were 58% and 28%, while those of 17 with PV2,3 were 50% and 10%. Three patients with PV2 in 1 and PV3 in 2 underwent a portal vein resection. Two of the 3 patients were dead from liver metastasis 3 and 5 months after a surgical resection of liver metastasis. The 1- and 3-year survival rates of 17 with radical lymph node dissection including the para-aortic area were 61% and 26%, while those of 27 without para-aortic lymph node dissection were 66% and 25%. Of the 17 patients, the para-aortic lymph node was metastasized in 1 patient. The 1- and 3-year survival rates of 31 with pancreatoduodenectomy were 53% and 18%, while the 1- and 3-year survival rates with pylorus preserving pancreatoduodenectomy were 68% and 28%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that the clinical outcome after surgical resection of pancreatic carcinoma depends on tumor-side factors not operative parameters or host-side parameters. The clinical course seems to rely upon the nature of pancreatic cancer not upon the operative procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yokohata
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Noshiro
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chijiiwa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D010180:Pancreatectomy; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D016577:Pancreaticoduodenectomy; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate