title: Seasonal variations in mood and behavior among Chinese medical students.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to estimate the frequency of seasonal variations in mood and behavior among Chinese medical students.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1,358 medical students were surveyed with Chinese versions of the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire and the Beck Depression Inventory in Jining, China.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean global seasonality score was 8.3 (SD=3.6) out of a possible 24; 81.7% (N=1,110) of the subjects reported some trouble adapting to changing seasons. Summer difficulties were more common than winter difficulties by a ratio of 3:2; estimated rates of summer seasonal affective disorder and subsyndromal seasonal affective disorder were 4.4% and 8.0%, respectively, compared with corresponding winter rates of 2.4% and 5.7%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that seasonal variations in mood and behavior are common in China. The predominance of summer difficulties stands in contrast to that in most Western studies and is consistent with the only other published study performed in Asia.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Psychobiology Branch, NIMH, Bethesda, MD 20892-1390, USA. mih6@musica.mcgill.ca
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Simons
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002681:China; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016574:Seasonal Affective Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D012621:Seasons; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires