title: Increase in size of the pulmonary autograft after the Ross operation in children: growth or dilation?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to assess growth properties of the pulmonary autograft after the Ross operation in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight infants with critical aortic stenosis who underwent the Ross operation early in life (median age, 6.4 months) were followed up regarding the possible growth of the autograft. The pulmonary autograft was measured repeatedly by echocardiography during the follow-up, ranging from 6 months to 7 years (median, 5.2 years). Twelve normal children who served as control subjects were similarly followed from 3.9 to 5.8 years (median, 4.9 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Somatic growth during the follow-up period was significant and was reflected in a doubling of the body surface area, which increased from 0.33 +/- 0.14 m(2) to 0.74 +/- 0.21 m(2). The proximal part of the autograft increased from 13.6 +/- 3.6 mm to 23.3 +/- 3.7 mm (mean +/- SD) and the distal part from 10.5 +/- 2.5 mm to 15.9 +/- 2.8 mm. Growth pattern of the autograft was analyzed by relating measured diameters to predicted normal diameters (ie, Z values). During the first year after the operation, the mean Z value of the proximal autograft increased from 0.2 to 2.2, indicating a more rapid increase than the predicted increase and was also significantly higher than that of the control group (P =.01). After the first year, Z-value changes in patients and control subjects were very similar.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We thus conclude that the pulmonary autograft in the aortic position after the Ross operation does increase in size and that the pattern of this increase is suggestive of passive dilation in the early postoperative period, followed by normal active growth.
authors.affiliation: Section of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden. laszlo.solymar@sahlgrenska.se
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Solymar
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Südow
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Holmgren
mesh_terms: D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000601:surgery*; D001830:Body Surface Area; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004108:Dilatation, Pathologic / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011664:Pulmonary Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000473:pathology / Q000637:transplantation*; D012008:Recurrence; D012086:Reoperation; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous