title: The Canadian Study of Cardiac Transplantation. Atherosclerosis. Investigators of the CASCADE Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe risk factors associated with the development of transplantation coronary artery disease (TCAD).
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study of the Canadian experience.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven hundred and nineteen patients with follow-up of at least 12 months following transplantation and a minimum of one coronary angiogram were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred and fourteen patients (30%) developed angiographic evidence of TCAD during an average follow-up of 50+/-25 months. Actuarial freedom rate from TCAD averaged 60%, and survival averaged 85% five years following transplantation. Abnormal coronary angiograms increased from 11% to 40% between the first and the fifth year following transplantation. The Cox multivariate final model showed that recipients of donor hearts of 50 years and older (RR 4.35, 95% CI 2.32 to 8.15), patients with two or more episodes of acute rejection (RR 1.56, 95% CI 1.11 to 2.21) and patients with a diagnosis of ischemic cardiomyopathy before transplantation (RR 1.38, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.84) were at higher risk of TCAD. The same risk factors also had a significant effect on survival, although patients who were administered a hepatic hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor during follow-up had a higher survival rate (95% versus 85%, P=0.01) five years following heart transplantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recipients of hearts from older donors, patients with an ischemic heart disease before transplantation and those with several episodes of acute rejection are at increased risk for TCAD. Patients who are administered an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor during follow-up have a higher survival rate five years following transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada. mcarrier@icm-mhi.org
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carrier
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rivard
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kostuk
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Latter
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Daly
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Teo
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gudas
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000209:etiology*; D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000209:etiology; D004110:Diltiazem / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000601:surgery*; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D004110:Diltiazem; D001241:Aspirin