title: Long-term efficacy of subureteral collagen injection for endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux in neurogenic bladder cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the long-term efficacy of subureteral glutaraldehyde cross-linked collagen injection (GAX 35) for endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux in patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction due to meningomyelocele.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively studied 12 women and 8 men (26 ureteral renal units) with a median age of 8 years (range 1 to 51) who had neurogenic bladder due to meningomyelocele. Reflux into single collecting systems was treated with subureteral collagen injection (GAX 35). Followup with video urodynamics included voiding cystography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients performed intermittent catheterization to control the bladder. During the study all bladders were areflexic with normal compliance. Preoperative reflux according to the International Reflux Study Classification was grade I in 1, II in 9, III in 10, IV in 4 and V in 2 ureteral renal units. All patients were treated with subureteral collagen injection (mean volume 1.9 ml., range 0.7 to 3.5). Reflux resolved initially in all but 2 cases. Mean followup was 16 months (range 1 to 71). Reflux was still absent in only 15% of treated units after 24 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that endoscopic subureteral collagen injection in neurogenic bladder cases is not effective with long-term followup. New biocompatible and biodegradable materials should be tested to control vesicoureteral reflux.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haferkamp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Möhring
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Staehler
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Gerner
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dörsam
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003094:Collagen / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D018666:Ureteroscopy; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014563:Urodynamics; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D003094:Collagen