title: Relation of cranial ultrasound abnormalities in low-birthweight infants to motor or cognitive performance at ages 2, 6, and 9 years.
abstract: This study sought to determine whether neonatal cranial ultrasound abnormalities are related to motor and cognitive outcomes in low-birthweight (LBW, <2000 g) children without major motor or cognitive disability. The relation of neonatal cranial ultrasound abnormalities to motor performance and general cognitive ability at ages 2, 6, and 9 years was examined in a prospectively followed regional cohort of LBW children, excluding those with major disability, and controlling for other risk factors. Compared with children without ultrasound abnormalities, children with abnormalities indicative of ischemic white-matter injury had poorer motor performance at all three ages and, at age 2, lower general cognitive ability. The latter finding was not seen when motor performance was also controlled for. It was concluded that in LBW children without major motor or cognitive disability, ischemic white-matter injury indicated by neonatal cranial ultrasound abnormalities adversely affected motor performance at ages 2, 6, and 9 years, but not general cognitive ability.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing and Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA. pinto@pobox.upenn.edu
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pinto-Martin
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Whitaker
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Van Rossem
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Paneth
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004453:Echoencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D019957:Motor Skills Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests