title: S100beta after coronary artery surgery: release pattern, source of contamination, and relation to neuropsychological outcome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  S100beta has been suggested as a marker of brain damage after cardiac operation. The aim of this study was to characterize the early S100beta release in detail and relate it to neuropsychological outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three groups of patients were investigated. All patients underwent coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) with extracorporeal circulation. In group A, 110 patients had sampling of S100beta for the first 10 postoperative hours and also underwent neuropsychological testing. In group B, 14 patients were examined for the effect of autotransfusion on S100beta levels. Eight patients in group C had their intraoperative bleeding processed with a cell-saving device.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group A had a heterogeneous release pattern with several rapid elevations in S100beta concentration. In group B, high concentrations of S100beta were found in the autotransfusion blood (range 0.2 to 210 microg/L) with a concurrent elevation of serum S100beta levels after transfusion of shed blood. In group C, high levels of S100beta were found in the blood from the surgical field (12.0+/-6.0 microg/L) and decreased (1.1+/-0.64 microg/L) after wash. Group C had significantly lower S100beta values at the end of cardiopulmonary bypass compared to group A (0.53+/-0.35 microg/L versus 2.40+/-1.5 microg/L). S100beta values were corrected for extracerebral contamination with a kinetic model. With this correction, an association was found between adverse neuropsychological outcome and S100beta release in group A (r = 0.39, p < 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A significant amount of S100beta is found both in the blood from the surgical field and in the shed mediastinal blood postoperatively. Infusion of this blood will result in infusion of S100beta into the blood and interfere in the interpretation of early systemic S100beta values.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Lund, Sweden. henrik.jonsson@thorax.lu.se
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jönsson
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Johnsson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alling
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bäckström
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bergh
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blomquist
mesh_terms: D001804:Blood Transfusion, Autologous; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000097:blood*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins
chemical_list: D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins