title: Survey of blood cultures from five community hospitals in south-western Sydney, Australia, 1993-1994.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Blood culture results have profound implications for patients. Comprehensive overviews of blood cultures have been uncommon, and focused on tertiary referral hospitals.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To present a review of blood culture results from a laboratory servicing community hospitals in Sydney, Australia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart review of patients with positive blood cultures from 1 June 1993 to 31 May 1994.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the survey period there were 107,382 hospital admissions; 12,109 blood culture sets from 9292 patients were processed. Of these 1197 sets were positive, representing 974 febrile episodes in 923 patients. There were 476 episodes of contamination. Of the episodes of true bacteraemia, Escherichia coli was isolated in 139, Staphylococcus aureus in 91 (22 methicillin-resistant), other enterobacteriaceae in 60, and Streptococcus pneumoniae in 5 1. The diagnoses attributable to bacteraemia included intravenous catheter-related sepsis (122 episodes), urinary tract infection (88), bacteraemia from unknown source (79), intra-abdominal and biliary sepsis (91), pneumonia (35), and meningitis (21). Sixty-eight patients died directly due to bacteraemia. Multivariate analysis showed underlying disease (OR 3.97) or shock (OR 28.1) predicted death. Blood cultures confirmed clinical diagnoses in 258 episodes, but made a de novo diagnosis in 205 episodes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study describes the clinical and laboratory features of bacteraemias occurring in smaller public hospitals, as distinct from tertiary referral centres. It demonstrated that intravenous catheter-related sepsis was very common in smaller hospitals. The clinical diagnosis was frequently confirmed, and a de novo diagnosis was often established by a positive blood culture. Unfortunately nearly half the positive blood cultures represented contamination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, South Western Area Pathology Service, School of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales. i.gosbell@unsw.edu.au
authors.forename: I B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Gosbell
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Newton
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Sullivan
mesh_terms: D016470:Bacteremia / Q000097:blood / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000401:mortality; D001769:Blood / Q000382:microbiology; D002404:Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D009517:New South Wales / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000302:isolation & purification*