title: The efficacy of drug treatments for dysthymia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dysthymia is a common mental disorder, associated with considerable disability and high co-morbidity. This review assessed the role of pharmacological treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  All randomized-controlled trials that compared active drug versus placebo for dysthymic patients were included. Pooled relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated with the Random Effect Model method. Where possible, number needed to treat and number needed to harm were estimated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen trials were included for the main comparisons. Similar results were obtained in terms of efficacy for different groups of drugs, such as tricyclic (TCA), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI) and other drugs (sulpiride, amineptine, and ritanserin). The pooled RR treatment response was 0.68 (95% CI 0.59-0.78) for TCA, 0.64 (95% CI 0.55-0.74) for SSRIs, 0.59 (95% CI 0.48-0.71) for MAOIs. Other drugs (amisulpride, amineptine and ritanserin) showed similar results. Patients treated on TCA were more likely to report adverse events, compared with placebo. There were no differences in response to active treatment when dysthymia was compared to either dysthymia plus major depression or briefer non-major depressive states.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Drug treatment appears to be effective in the short-term management of dysthymic disorder. The choice of drug should take into account specific side-effects profile of each drug.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Saúde Mental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: de Lima
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hotoph
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wessely
mesh_terms: D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019263:Dysthymic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents