title: Value of saphenous vein graft markers during subsequent diagnostic cardiac catheterization.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although saphenous vein graft (SVG) markers have been available for many years, they have not been widely used in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. This is likely due to the paucity of data regarding the utility of these markers in postsurgery cardiac catheterization.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a prospective study of all post-CABG patients undergoing cardiac catheterization at Barnes-Jewish Hospital over a 6-month period to test our hypothesis that SVG markers would have a beneficial effect on these procedures. Differences in total procedure (arterial) time, time to image only the SVGs, fluoroscopy time, amount of contrast used, number of aortotomies, and number of views required were compared in patients with and without markers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Post-CABG patients undergoing catheterization who had markers (n = 76) required significantly less total procedure time (p = 0.007), fluoroscopy time (p = 0.02), and contrast use (p = 0.008). Even after adjusting for the numbers of SVG ostia and numbers of cine views, patients with markers still required less catheterization and fluoroscopy time (p < 0.01, p < 0.02) and time to image only the SVGs (p < 0.05) than those without markers (n = 106).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SVG markers improve the efficiency of post-CABG catheterizations; they decrease the exposure of patients and cardiologists to ionizing radiation, and they decrease the exposure of patients to potentially toxic contrast agents. SVG markers are beneficial to the vast majority of post-CABG patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA. lpeterso@imgate.wustl.edu
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: McKenzie
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Ludbrook
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Sundt
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Eichling
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schardan-Watson
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Tiefenbrunn
mesh_terms: D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000379:methods; D003287:Contrast Media; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000637:transplantation*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media