title: [Changes in retinal blood flow by topical administration of 0.1% dipivefrin].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Most of the antiglaucomatous drugs affect ocular blood flow. Blood flow of the anterior uvea under the effect of glaucoma medication has been described in the literature, but measurement of microcirculation at the posterior pole correlated to glaucoma medication is rarely found. We present a placebo-controlled study in which we focused on the short and long-term effects of topical dipivefrine 0.1% on the microcirculation of the retina and optic nerve head.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomized, placebo-controlled double-masked study we examined 40 healthy persons (21 male and 19 female) with a mean age of 35 +/- 4.6 years. Two groups of volunteers (n = 20) were treated either with placebo or dipivefrine 0.1% for 5 days twice a day. Measurement of microcirculation was done at baseline, 30 min after the first application and on days 3 and 5. Microcirculation was evaluated by scanning-laser Doppler flowmetry (SLDF, Heidelberg Engineering; Heidelberg, Germany) [retinal and optic nerve head capillary blood flow (ONH)]. Systemic parameters were checked at all times of blood flow measurement (blood pressure, pulse); intraocular pressure (IOP) was also measured at baseline, 30 min after and on days 3 and 5.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Systemic parameters: None of serum medications affected blood pressure or pulse. Dipivefrine 0.1% lowered the IOP significantly (P = 0.01). Microcirculation: dipivefrine 0.1% leads to a significant reduction of retinal capillary blood flow (P = 0.01). ONH blood flow was not significantly affected by dipivefrine 0.1%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Retinal capillary perfusion is affected by dipivefrine 0.1% medication. In neuroprotection, it is of interest that glaucoma medication did not alter the microcirculation in a way that leads to an increase of hypoxemia. Therefore, we consider dipivefrine 0.1% not to be useful for long-term glaucoma treatment.
authors.affiliation: Universitäts-Augenklinik Erlangen-Nürnberg.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Groh
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Michelson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Harazny
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Groh
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koschinsky
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000187:drug effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000098:blood supply*; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; C015173:dipivefrin; D004837:Epinephrine