title: Cdk4 activation is dependent on the subunit rearrangement in the complexes.
abstract: Although several factors have been implicated in the regulation of Cdk4 activity, little is known regarding the contributions of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs) in Cdk4 activation in the mid G1 phase. Using a mouse macrophage cell line (Bac1.2F5), we found that most of Cdk4 bound to p15 when cells were in a quiescent state. Following CSF-1 stimulation, Cdk4 bound to cyclin D1 and then to p21, concomitant with the dissociation of p15 from the complexes. The activation of Cdk4 correlated well with p21 binding to the complexes, and the majority of active Cdk4 complexes contained p21. During regeneration of mouse liver after partial hepatectomy, Cdk4 activity coincided precisely with ternary complex formation of cyclin D1/Cdk4/p21. Using the baculovirus expression system, we succeeded in reconstituting a capacity for Cdk4 activation in insect cells, forming an active cyclin D1/Cdk4/p21 ternary complex. Taken together, it is suggested that p21 and cyclin D1 act cooperatively as activators of Cdk4 through the release of CKIs of the INK4 family.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Oncology Group, Nippon Roche Research Center, 200 Kajiwara, Kamakura, Kanagawa, 247, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Menjo
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsushime
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016213:Cyclins / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006498:Hepatectomy; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D008115:Liver Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018411:Spodoptera; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: C493957:Cdkn1a protein, mouse; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; C495902:Cdk4 protein, mouse; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases