title: A preliminary investigation of the construct of psychopathic personality (psychopathy) in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).
abstract: Although the construct of psychopathy has received considerable attention in humans, its relevance to other animals is largely unknown. We developed a measure of psychopathy for use in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), the Chimpanzee Psychopathy Measure (CPM), and asked 6 raters to complete this index on 34 chimpanzees. The CPM (a) demonstrated satisfactory interrater reliability and internal consistency; (b) exhibited marginally significant sex differences (males > females); (c) correlated positively with measures of extraversion, agreeableness, and observational ratings of agonism, sexual activity, daring behaviors, teasing, silent bluff displays, and temper tantrums, and negatively with observational ratings of generosity; and (d) demonstrated incremental validity above and beyond a measure of dominance. Although further validation of the CPM is needed, these findings suggest that the psychopathy construct may be relevant to chimpanzees.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. scott@ss.emory.edu
authors.forename: S O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Lilienfeld
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gershon
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Duke
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Marino
authors.forename: F B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: de Waal
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000987:Antisocial Personality Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D005010:Ethology / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D002679:Pan troglodytes / Q000523:psychology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000592:standards*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012919:Social Behavior