title: Active micromixer for microfluidic systems using lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT)-generated ultrasonic vibration.
abstract: A micromixer using direct ultrasonic vibration is first reported in this paper. The ultrasonic vibration was induced by a bulk lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT; 5 x 4 x 0.2 mm), which was excited by a 48 kHz square wave at 150 V (peak-to-peak). Liquids were mixed in a chamber (6 x 6 x 0.06 mm) with an oscillating diaphragm driven by the PZT. The oscillating diaphragm was in the size of 6 x 6 x 0.15 mm. Ethanol and water were used to test the mixing effectiveness. The laminar flows of ethanol (115 microL/min) and water (100 microL/min) were mixed effectively when the PZT was excited. The entire process was recorded using a video camera.
authors.affiliation: Mechanical Engineering Laboratory, AIST/MITI, Tsukuba, Japan.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maeda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004058:Diffusion; D004586:Electrophoresis / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead; D014025:Titanium; D014465:Ultrasonics; D015040:Zirconium
chemical_list: C065536:lead titanate zirconate; D007854:Lead; D015040:Zirconium; D014025:Titanium