title: Hangover symptoms in Asian Americans with variations in the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) gene.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hangovers are not experienced by all people and whether they contribute to the development of alcoholism is unclear. One population that might provide some insight into the role of hangover in the etiology of alcohol use disorders is that of individuals of Asian heritage. Certain Asians have lower rates of alcohol use and alcoholism, findings associated with a mutation in the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) gene. Asians with ALDH2*2 alleles drink less and are less likely to be alcoholic than Asians without this mutation. Following alcohol ingestion, they exhibit more intense reactions to alcohol and generate higher levels of the metabolite acetaldehyde. This study evaluated hangover symptoms in Asian Americans with variations in the ALDH2 gene.
  
  
  METHODS
  Men and women of Chinese, Japanese and Korean heritage (N = 140) were asked about their drinking history and a blood sample was collected for genotyping at the ALDH2 locus. Subjects used a Likert-type scale to estimate their severity of hangover and completed a 13-item hangover scale assessing the frequency of hangover symptoms during the previous 6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With abstainers (n = 17) excluded and with the effects of gender and recent drinking history controlled, ALDH2 genotype accounted for a significant amount of additional variability in the estimated severity of hangover score with a similar, but nonsignificant, trend for a five-item subscale score derived from the hangover scale.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that Asian Americans with ALDH2*2 alleles may experience more severe hangovers that may contribute, in part, to protection against the development of excessive or problematic drinking in this population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA.
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Wall
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Horn
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Carr
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000201:enzymology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics*; D000071396:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial; D001213:Asian; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000009:adverse effects; D002681:China / Q000208:ethnology; D000431:Ethanol / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000208:ethnology; D007723:Korea / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D012044:Regression Analysis
chemical_list: D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D000431:Ethanol; C096127:ALDH2 protein, human; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; D000071396:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial