title: Long-term results of silicone expander for moderate and severe Brown syndrome (Brown syndrome "plus").
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The treatment of Brown syndrome has been undergoing an evolution toward more effective procedures with fewer operative interventions. Dr Kenneth Wright has introduced a procedure of superior oblique muscle tenotomy with a silicone expander to reduce the incidence of overcorrection.
  
  
  METHODS
  There was a retrospective study of 20 eyes of 19 consecutive patients with moderate or severe Brown syndrome (Brown syndrome "plus"). Follow-up ranged from 12 to 72 months. The expander, which varies 6 to 10 mm in length, was placed in all patients in the tenotomized superior oblique muscle tendon 5 mm nasal to the nasal border of the superior rectus muscle using 7-0 or 8-0 Prolene suture without violating the inner layer of the intermuscular septum. The intermuscular septum was closed over the silicone expander.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred percent of patients had resolution of the down shoot in adduction and some or full ability to elevate the eye in adduction. Twenty percent of patients required reoperation (12.5% using 5-8 mm expanders) for overcorrection. Restriction of downgaze was not seen postoperatively. Patients often show an undercorrection 1 to 6 months postoperatively and improve or occasionally overcorrect at 1 to 2 years postoperatively. One patient with a 10-mm expander extruded the implant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Placement of a 5- to 8-mm silicone expander in the tenotomized superior oblique muscle tendon is an effective means of correcting Brown syndrome with a low rate of reoperation. Initial undercorrection should not discourage the surgeon because improvement may continue for up to 3 years. The goal of treatment should be to convert a moderate or severe Brown syndrome (Brown syndrome plus) to a mild Brown syndrome ("true" Brown syndrome).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This technique reduces the need for either simultaneous or subsequent inferior oblique muscle weakening and represents an advance in the treatment of Brown syndrome.
authors.affiliation: UT Southwestern Medical School and the Pediatric Ophthalmology, PA, Dallas, Texas 75225, USA. stagerdr@aol.com
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Stager
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Parks
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Stager
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pesheva
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D015835:Ocular Motility Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012826:Silicone Elastomers; D013577:Syndrome; D013710:Tendons / Q000601:surgery*; D015625:Tissue Expansion Devices; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D012826:Silicone Elastomers