title: Plasma total cholesterol concentrations do not predict cerebrospinal fluid neurotransmitter metabolites: implications for the biophysical role of highly unsaturated fatty acids.
abstract: Low concentrations of a metabolite of serotonin found in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA), are strongly associated with suicidal and violent behaviors. Although lowering of plasma total cholesterol has been suggested to increase mortality from suicide and violence by decreasing concentrations of CSF 5-HIAA via changes in membrane biophysical properties, highly unsaturated fatty acids may play a more important role. Violent and nonviolent comparison groups, early- and late-onset alcoholics, and healthy comparison subjects were studied to control for alcohol use and predisposition to violence. Fasting plasma total cholesterol and CSF were assayed under stringently controlled conditions. When all groups were combined (n = 234), plasma cholesterol concentrations had a weak positive correlation with CSF 5-HIAA (r = 0.18, P < 0.01). However, age correlated with both plasma total cholesterol and CSF 5-HIAA concentrations. When age was included in multiple regression models, the correlation between cholesterol and CSF 5-HIAA concentrations was not significant. Cholesterol correlated weakly with CSF 5-HIAA concentrations only in late-onset alcoholics after age was controlled for, but the relation was not significant after correction for multiple testing. CSF homovanillic acid did not correlate with plasma total cholesterol in any group. Plasma total cholesterol had no apparent relation to CSF neurotransmitter metabolites in any group of subjects. Highly unsaturated essential fatty acids, which are also critical determinants of membrane biophysical properties and may be linked to brain serotonin concentrations, should also be considered in studies examining the effect of lowering fat intake on the incidence of suicide and violence.
authors.affiliation: Laboratories of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics and Clinical Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hibbeln
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Umhau
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Shoaf
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Linnoila
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Salem
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003124:Colorimetry; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006719:Homovanillic Acid / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D006801:Humans; D006897:Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014754:Violence
chemical_list: D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D012701:Serotonin; D006897:Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; D002784:Cholesterol; D004298:Dopamine; D006719:Homovanillic Acid