title: Partial nephrectomy for centrally located tumors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interest in nephron-sparing surgery has been spurred by the good long-term results of patients treated with partial nephrectomy. Partial nephrectomy entails the complete resection of renal tumor while leaving behind clear surgical margins and maximum functional renal parenchyma.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prefer to access the renal tumor by a flank incision. Intraoperative sonography is used to define the operative lesion and to search for multicentric tumors. A vascular clamp is placed on the renal hilum for vascular control. Regional hypothermia protects the kidney during renal ischemia. The perinephric fat is excised in situ with the renal tumor. Tumor base biopsies ensure negative margins. Meticulous dissection and tying of vessels improves hemostasis. Diluted methylene blue is directly injected into the renal pelvis to inspect for any intrarenal leakage. The argon beam coagulator is used routinely, and collagen (Avitene) is placed into the renal defect for hemostasis. The renal parenchyma and Gerota's fascia are reapproximated anatomically. A small drain is left in place, and the wound is closed in the usual manner.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recent studies continue to report that conservative surgery is as effective as radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma, but the judgments in patient selection and operative management are paramount in determining its success.
authors.affiliation: James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: D Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: F F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Marshall
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D011300:Preoperative Care