title: Inhibitory effect of natural and environmental estrogens on thymic hormone production in thymus epithelial cell culture.
abstract: The present study was carried out to assess the direct effect of natural estrogen and environmental estrogens on thymus epithelial cell (TEC) production/secretion of the thymic hormone thymosin-alpha 1 by using the technique of quantitative high-performance liquid chromatography. The presence of estrogen receptors in the TECs was also investigated. Murine TECs were cultured in the experimental DMEM medium containing various concentrations of natural or environmental estrogens, which was followed by determining the production of thymosin-alpha 1. The production of thymosin-alpha 1 by TECs was significantly inhibited by increasing concentrations of 17beta-estradiol (natural estrogen) over 3 x 10(-11) M, genistein (phytoestrogen) over 3 x 10(-9) M, coumestrol (phytoestrogen) over 3 x 10(-9) M, alpha-zearalanol (livestock anabolic) over 3 x 10(-7) and bisphenol-A (plastic) over 3 x 10(-6) M. Small amounts of estrogen receptor were present in the TECs. The above results clearly indicate that natural and environmental estrogens directly modulate TECs to produce thymic hormone probably through an estrogen receptor mechanism. Furthermore, our finding may be useful for evaluating biological effects of chemicals with estrogenic activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan. sakabe1@ibm.net
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakabe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okuma
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karaki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsuura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aikawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Izumi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kayama
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000494:pharmacology; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003375:Coumestrol / Q000494:pharmacology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019833:Genistein / Q000494:pharmacology; D007529:Isoflavones; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology; D048789:Phytoestrogens; D028321:Plant Preparations; D011374:Progesterone / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D013947:Thymosin / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D015029:Zeranol / Q000494:pharmacology; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D002784:Cholesterol; D003375:Coumestrol; D004958:Estradiol; D004967:Estrogens; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal; D019833:Genistein; D007529:Isoflavones; D010636:Phenols; D048789:Phytoestrogens; D028321:Plant Preparations; D011374:Progesterone; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D013947:Thymosin; D015029:Zeranol; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds