title: Treatment of patients with severe acute necrotizing pancreatitis based on prospective evaluation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the impact of a prospectively applied diagnostic and treatment protocol in patients with severe acute necrotizing pancreatitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  During a 4-year period (1993-1996), 26 patients were treated for necrotizing pancreatitis, as documented by contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT). All patients were prospectively treated by medical means. Patients with persistent systemic inflammatory response syndrome underwent fine-needle aspiration for bacterial cultures. In case of positive results operative intervention was followed, while in negative results the conservative management was continued. Fine-needle aspiration was repeated every 5-7 days if systemic inflammatory response syndrome persisted or worsened. Sixty-five patients hospitalized during the preceding 11 years (1982-1992), when such a treatment was not constantly applied, served as controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Infected pancreatic necrosis was demonstrated in 7 of the 26 patients (27%) and was treated by open drainage and/or post-operative lavage with a mortality rate of 14.2%. Thirteen patients in whom fine-needle aspiration was not necessary and 6 with negative cultures after fine-needle aspiration (73%) followed conservative treatment and the mortality rate was 5.2%. The total mortality rate of 7.7% was significantly lower than the mortality rate of 26.2% observed in the control group (p = 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recent evolution made in the management of severe necrotizing acute pancreatitis can lead to better results in the context of a strictly applied treatment protocol. Such protocols may improve mortality and serve as controls in future study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Patras Medical School, Greece.
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Kalfarentzos
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kehagias
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kakkos
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Petsas
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kokkinis
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Gogos
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Androulakis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010180:Pancreatectomy; D019283:Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013396:Suction; D015996:Survival Rate; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed