title: EEG, physiology, and task-related mood fail to resolve across 31 days of smoking abstinence: relations to depressive traits, nicotine exposure, and dependence.
abstract: Changes in task-related mood and physiology associated with 31 days of smoking abstinence were assessed in smokers, 34 of whom were randomly assigned to a quit group and 22 to a continuing-to-smoke control group. A large financial incentive for smoking abstinence resulted in very low participant attrition. Individuals were tested during prequit baselines and at 3, 10, 17, and 31 days of abstinence. Abstinence was associated with decreases in heart rate and serum cortisol, a slowing of electroencephalogram (EEG) activity, and task-dependent and trait-depression-dependent hemispheric EEG asymmetries. Differences between the quit group and the smoking group showed no tendency to resolve across the 31 days of abstinence. Trait depression and neuroticism correlated with increases in left-relative-to-right frontal EEG slow-wave (low alpha) activity at both 3 and 31 days of abstinence. In contrast, prequit nicotine intake and Fagerström Tolerance scores correlated with alpha asymmetry and with greater EEG slowing only at Day 3. Thus, the effects of smoking abstinence appear to last for at least several months.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, 62901, USA. dgilbert@siu.edu
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: McClernon
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Rabinovich
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Dibb
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Plath
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hiyane
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Meliska
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Estes
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Gehlbach
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000513:Alpha Rhythm / Q000187:drug effects; D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology; D003367:Cotinine / Q000494:pharmacology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009538:Nicotine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013826:Theta Rhythm / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D002110:Caffeine; D009538:Nicotine; D003367:Cotinine; D006854:Hydrocortisone