title: The early operation for acute severe cholecystitis: the Riedel paper; an introduction and translation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  For acute cholecystitis in the latter 19th century and early 20th century, the diagnosis was difficult and the management not defined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bernhard Riedel of Jena in Germany documented his patients, analysed his results, and described his method of cholecystectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Riedel advocated early operation for acute cholecystitis when the conditions were favourable, as for acute appendicitis. He stressed the importance of good lighting, an experienced surgeon and trained assistants. He advocated conservative treatment for minor cholecystitis (biliary colic) until the diagnosis was certain, followed by elective cholecystectomy to reduce the risk of subsequent acute cholecystitis or bile duct stones. Caution was advised when analysing previous statistics, to ensure appropriate patient comparison.
authors.affiliation: University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Plastic Surgery, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Scheele
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Hardy
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D002763:Cholecystectomy / Q000266:history*; D002764:Cholecystitis / Q000266:history* / Q000601:surgery; D005858:Germany; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D014177:Translations