title: The epidemiology of alcohol, tobacco and other drug use among black youth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although there is a growing literature on racial/ethnic differences in alcohol, tobacco and other drug use among adolescents, relatively little is known about the social epidemiology of drug use within the black youth population. The purpose of this article is to address this knowledge gap.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from the Monitoring the Future Project are used to examine empirically the prevalence, trends and sociodemographic correlates of drug use among nationally representative samples of black eighth, tenth and twelfth graders (approximate N = 25,000).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Alcohol is the drug most widely used by black youth, followed by tobacco and marijuana. By twelfth grade, seven in 10 black secondary students have used alcohol, less than 50% have smoked cigarettes, 25% have used marijuana and less than 2% have used cocaine. Trend data indicate that, although alcohol use has been relatively stable over time, cigarette and marijuana use are increasing. Gender and family structure are significant sociodemographic correlates of drug use, with use being, on average, higher among males than females, and higher among students who do not live with either of their parents than among those who live with at least one of their parents. The relationships between drug use and socioeconomic status, urbanicity and region vary depending on students' grade level and the specific drug in question.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings provide an important empirical baseline for future research on the epidemiology and etiology of drug use among young black people.
authors.affiliation: School of Social Work, Department of Sociology, and the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48106-1248, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Forman
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Guthrie
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Bachman
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: O'Malley
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Johnston
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000639:trends; D002648:Child; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008385:Marijuana Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000639:trends; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000639:trends; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends