title: Hypercalcaemia secondary to hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: Many syndromes reflecting impaired metabolism have been described in association with primary neoplastic diseases. Hypercalcaemia secondary to malignancy without bone metastases and with normal parathyroid glands has been described as "pseudohyperparathyroidism". Differentiation from primary hyperparathyroidism is difficult and care should be taken to exclude an occult malignancy prior to surgical exploration for a parathyroid adenoma. Hypercalcaemia associated with hepatocellular carcinoma is not uncommon. Nevertheless, we describe a rare case of coma with persistent hypercalcaemia in a cirrhotic patient not previously known to have hepatocellular carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Molinette Hospital, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Leone
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Debernardi-Venon
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marzano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Massari
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rizzetto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D006501:Hepatic Encephalopathy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006934:Hypercalcemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010257:Paraneoplastic Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology