title: Hemolytic uremic syndrome: defining the need for long-term follow-up.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diarrhea-associated (D+) hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a common cause of acute renal failure in children. Progressive renal insufficiency has been documented on prolonged follow-up of selected patients. However, it is uncertain whether all children recovering from varying degrees of HUS require long-term follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the outcome of 114 patients with D+ HUS presenting to a regional pediatric unit between January 1986 and December 1996. Yearly clinical review post illness included measurement of blood pressure and urinalysis for proteinuria with planned GFR assessments by 51Cr EDTA slope clearance at 1 and 5 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment of the HUS was conservative in 27%, by peritoneal dialysis in 62%, hemodialysis in 4% and both peritoneal and hemodialysis in 7%. Ninety-two patients were assessed at 1 year - of these, 1 remained on chronic peritoneal dialysis, 5 (5%) had moderate to severe chronic renal failure (CRF) (GFR 25 - 50 ml/min/1.73 m2), 20 (22%) had mild CRF (GFR 50-80) and 66 (72%) had normal renal function (> or =80 ml/min/1.73 m2). Forty patients have had GFRs performed at 1 and 5 years. Of the 28 patients with a normal GFR at 1 year, 3 deteriorated into mild CRF at 5 years. One patient has a single kidney and one had significant proteinuria at 1 year, factors which would have led to long-term follow-up. There was a negative correlation between number of days of dialysis and GFR at 1 year with a Pearson's correlation coefficient of -0.453 (p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that renal function at I year following HUS cannot be predicted with any certainty from the initial illness and should be formally assessed. However, renal function was within normal limits and remained stable between 1 and 5 years following HUS in most children. The results suggest that longer-term follow-up can probably be restricted to those with proteinuria, hypertension, abnormal ultrasound and/or impaired GFR at 1 year.
authors.affiliation: Children and Young People's Renal Unit, City Hospital, NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Small
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gallagher
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006463:Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000209:etiology