title: Lipopolysaccharides and cytokines downregulate the angiotensin II type 2 receptor in rat cardiac fibroblasts.
abstract: The present study examines the effect of lipopolysaccharides and proinflammatory cytokines on the expression of the second isoform of the angiotensin II receptor (AT(2)), which may have a role in lowering collagen deposition in cardiac tissue. Cardiac fibroblasts express high levels of both angiotensin II type 1 (AT(1)) and type 2 receptors. Incubation with lipopolysaccharides for 24 h dose- and time-dependently decreased angiotensin II AT(2) receptor expression with no apparent difference in the affinity. Actinomycin D, cycloheximide, N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and the protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor herbimycin A, but not the protein kinase C inhibitors bisindolylmaleimide and calphostin C, abolished the inhibitory action of lipopolysaccharides. The cytokines interleukin-1beta and tissue necrosis factor-alpha mimicked the effect of lipopolysaccharides. All three compounds induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside and the cGMP analog 8-bromoguanosine cyclic monophosphate downregulated angiotensin II AT (2) receptor expression. The findings are consistent with the pathway in which lipopolysaccharides or cytokines induce iNOS. The data suggest that lipopolysaccharide- or cytokine-dependent induction of iNOS and resultant production of nitric oxide leads to the production of cGMP, which in turn downregulates expression of the angiotensin II AT (2) receptor in cardiac fibroblasts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. tamuram@ctrvax.vanderbilt.edu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanner
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Landon
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Myers
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin; D009569:Nitric Oxide