title: Spatial Ca(2+) distribution in contracting skeletal and cardiac muscle cells.
abstract: The spatiotemporal distribution of intracellular Ca(2+) release in contracting skeletal and cardiac muscle cells was defined using a snapshot imaging technique. Calcium imaging was performed on intact skeletal and cardiac muscle cells during contractions induced by an action potential (AP). The sarcomere length of the skeletal and cardiac cells was approximately 2 micrometer. Imaging Rhod-2 fluorescence only during a very brief (7 ns) snapshot of excitation light minimized potential image-blurring artifacts due to movement and/or diffusion. In skeletal muscle cells, the AP triggered a large fast Ca(2+) transient that peaked in less than 3 ms. Distinct subsarcomeric Ca(2+) gradients were evident during the first 4 ms of the skeletal Ca(2+) transient. In cardiac muscle, the AP-triggered Ca(2+) transient was much slower and peaked in approximately 100 ms. In contrast to the skeletal case, there were no detectable subsarcomeric Ca(2+) gradients during the cardiac Ca(2+) transient. Theoretical simulations suggest that the subsarcomeric Ca(2+) gradients seen in skeletal muscle were detectable because of the high speed and synchrony of local Ca(2+) release. Slower asynchronous recruitment of local Ca(2+) release units may account for the absence of detectable subsarcomeric Ca(2+) gradients in cardiac muscle. The speed and synchrony of local Ca(2+) gradients are quite different in AP-activated contracting cardiac and skeletal muscle cells at normal resting sarcomere lengths.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Pipe, Venezuela.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Zoghbi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bolaños
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Villalba-Galea
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marcano
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fill
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Escobar
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials; D000818:Animals; D001001:Anura; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D006352:Heart Ventricles; D006575:Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007700:Kinetics; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006575:Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring; C068483:rhod-2; D002118:Calcium