title: Patterns of and risk factors for recurrence after liver resection for well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma: a special reference to multicentric carcinogenesis after operation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We studied the patterns of, and risk factors for, recurrence after resection of well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma to make a strategy for such carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were 36 patients who underwent liver resection for well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma. Multicentric carcinogenesis after the operation (multicentric recurrence) was diagnosed when a recurrent tumor included a component of well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumor-free survival rates of patients with various risk factors were calculated and differences between groups were evaluated. For multivariate analysis, Cox's proportional hazard model was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All recurrent tumors after operation were of multicentric origin. Univariate analysis showed a history of blood transfusion, high alpha-fetoprotein concentration (> 20 ng/ml), and low platelet count (< 10(5)/mm3) to be significant factors. By multivariate analysis, a history of blood transfusion and a low platelet count were independent risk factors. Nonanatomic resection was not a risk factor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma, especially with risk factor(s) for multicentric recurrence, not only anatomic but also nonanatomic resection (partial resection) are indicated for a primary tumor, because almost all recurrent tumors are of multicentric origin. After resection of well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma, careful monitoring for multicentric recurrence is important in patients with risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Osaka City University Medical School, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirohashi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsukamoto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hamba
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shuto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikebe
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wakasa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins