title: A human milk factor susceptible to cathepsin D inhibitors enhances human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infectivity and allows virus entry into a mammary epithelial cell line.
abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) growth in lymphocyte cultures was increased when the virus inoculum was incubated in breast milk. The enhancing effect of milk was abolished by anti-cathepsin D antibody or by pepstatin A, a cathepsin D inhibitor. The cathepsin D-producing CD4-negative MCF7 mammary cells supported the growth of some HIV-1 isolates. An MCF7 line chronically producing HIV-1 IIIb was obtained. Cathepsin D may induce conformational modification of viral gp120, allowing direct interaction with a coreceptor. We demonstrated the presence of CXCR4 mRNA in MCF7 cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Genetics, Faculty of Science, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. Kelmessa@sga.ulb.ac.be
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: El Messaoudi
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Thiry
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liesnard
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Van Tieghem
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bollen
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Moguilevsky
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001940:Breast / Q000166:cytology / Q000821:virology*; D002402:Cathepsin D / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D005699:Galactosylceramides / Q000235:genetics; D015870:Gene Expression; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000235:genetics; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008892:Milk / Q000201:enzymology*; D010436:Pepstatins / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012367:RNA, Viral; D015728:Receptors, HIV / Q000235:genetics; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D005699:Galactosylceramides; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; D010436:Pepstatins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012367:RNA, Viral; D015728:Receptors, HIV; C014195:Streptomyces pepsin inhibitor; D002402:Cathepsin D; C031375:pepstatin