title: Clinical expression of Best's vitelliform macular dystrophy in Swedish families with mutations in the bestrophin gene.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the clinical phenotype of three Swedish families with Best's vitelliform macular dystrophy (BMD) and three different mutations in the recently identified bestrophin gene.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three families, including 13 patients, were examined clinically using visual acuity testing, electro-oculography, fundus inspection, and fundus photography. The mutations were previously determined by direct sequence analysis of the individual exons in the bestrophin gene.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The largest family (SL76), with the Y85K (T357C) mutation in the bestrophin gene, demonstrated a clinical phenotype characterized by a variable degree of visual acuity reduction and a marked intrafamilial variability in macular pathology. The electro-oculograms, however, demonstrated similar results in all patients regardless of the severity of the macular dysfunction. The smallest family (SL3), with the mutation V9A (T130C) in the bestrophin gene, and the family (SL2) with the mutation D104E (C416A) demonstrated a similar clinical phenotype. The majority of patients (11/13 examined subjects) had a binocular visual acuity of 20/63 or better at a late stage of the disease course, indicating a relatively good prognosis for visual acuity in this specific phenotype. The ophthalmoscopic changes were followed in one of the patients for 38 years and in three of the patients for 19 years and showed that the macular appearance seems to be stable after adolescence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with BMD and mutations in the bestrophin gene have a similar clinical phenotype characterized by a variable, but relatively moderate visual acuity reduction, atrophic changes in the macula, and pathological results of the electro-oculograms. The macular appearance remains essentially unchanged through the atrophic stage (stage IV) in the majority of patients, indicating a stationary disease course associated with this specific genotype.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden. vesna.ponjavic@telia.com
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ponjavic
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Eksandh
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Andréasson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sjöström
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bakall
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ingvast
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wadelius
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ehinger
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D000075002:Bestrophins; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018118:Chloride Channels; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004585:Electrooculography; D004596:Electroretinography; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006801:Humans; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D010375:Pedigree; D013548:Sweden; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: C113133:BEST1 protein, human; D000075002:Bestrophins; D018118:Chloride Channels; D005136:Eye Proteins; D004247:DNA