title: [Angel trumpet: a poisonous garden plant as a new addictive drug?].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Angel's trumpet (Species Brugmansia) is widely used as a garden plant because it is easily kept and the luxuriance of its flowering. Belonging to the Family Solanacea it contains a large amount of alkaloids (parasympatholytics). Because of its hallucinogenic action, its leaves and flowers are increasingly used by young people as a substitute for the hallucinogen LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide). In the summer of 1997, one of a group of youths died after they had ingested its flowers which they had gathered from front gardens. An investigation was undertaken to identify the alkaloids and measure their concentration in the various parts of the plant.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four young and one eight-year old plant were kept outdoors from May until October, and its flowers and leaves were removed for analysis weekly. All samples were deep-frozen at -20 degrees C and later, at the same time, thawed out, weighed and extracted in methanol. The alkaloids were identified by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), diode array detector, separated by means of a Hypersil HyPurity cartridge, and measured at a wave-length of 220 nm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 66 flowers, 32 leaves and 2 speed capsules contained tropane alkaloids, mainly scopolamine. The highest concentrations were found in the seed capsules, lower ones in the flowers, while the leaves contained only small amounts. Total alkaloid content per flower of the younger plants averaged 0.94 mg, of the younger ones 1.81 mg. The flowers of the old plant contained up to 3 mg scopolamine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ingestion of even a few flowers of Angel's trumpet can cause symptoms of poisoning. Easy availability of the plant thus presents a danger. Because of the increasing incidence of deliberate ingestion by young people, poisoning by Angel's trumpet should be included in the differential diagnosis in patients with confusion and hallucinations of uncertain origin, especially during the summer months.
authors.affiliation: Zentrum der Rechtsmedizin Abteilung I, Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität Frankfurt/Main. niess@em.uni-franfurt.de
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Niess
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schnabel
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kauert
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000931:Antidotes; D001285:Atropine / Q000032:analysis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000032:analysis; D010276:Parasympatholytics / Q000032:analysis; D010939:Plant Poisoning / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D010947:Plants, Toxic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D012601:Scopolamine / Q000032:analysis; D014326:Tropanes / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000931:Antidotes; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D010276:Parasympatholytics; D014326:Tropanes; D001285:Atropine; D012601:Scopolamine