title: UDP-N-Acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine as acceptor substrate of beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase. Enzymatic synthesis of UDP-N-acetyllactosamine.
abstract: The capacity of UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) as an in vitro acceptor substrate for beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase (beta4GalT1, EC 2.4.1.38) from human and bovine milk and for recombinant human beta4GalT1, expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was evaluated. It turned out that each of the enzymes is capable to transfer Gal from UDP-alpha-D-galactose (UDP-Gal) to UDP-GlcNAc, affording Gal(beta1-4)GlcNAc(alpha1-UDP (UDP-LacNAc). Using beta4GalT1 from human milk, a preparative enzymatic synthesis of UDP-LacNAc was carried out, and the product was characterized by fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Studies with all three beta4GalTs in the presence of alpha-lactalbumin showed that the UDP-LacNAc synthesis is inhibited and that UDP-alpha-D-glucose is not an acceptor substrate. This is the first reported synthesis of a nucleotide-activated disaccharide, employing a Leloir glycosyltransferase with a nucleotide-activated monosaccharide as acceptor substrate. Interestingly, in these studies beta4GalT1 accepts an alpha-glycosidated GlcNAc derivative. The results imply that beta4GalT1 may be responsible for the biosynthesis of UDP-LacNAc, previously isolated from human milk.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Research Center Jülich, Germany. L.Elling@fz-juelich.de
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Elling
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zervosen
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Gallego
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nieder
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malissard
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Vliegenthart
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Kamerling
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D002417:Cattle; D006801:Humans; D007768:Lactalbumin / Q000737:chemistry; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009237:N-Acetyllactosamine Synthase / Q000737:chemistry*; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D014537:Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylglucosamine / Q000737:chemistry*; D014539:Uridine Diphosphate Sugars / Q000138:chemical synthesis*
chemical_list: D014539:Uridine Diphosphate Sugars; C083732:uridine diphosphate N-acetyllactosamine; D014537:Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylglucosamine; D007768:Lactalbumin; D009237:N-Acetyllactosamine Synthase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase