title: Immunohistochemical analysis of the developing inner plexiform layer in postnatal rat retina.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the development from early postnatal life to adulthood of neural cell processes that establish the circuitry of the inner plexiform layer (IPL). Emphasis was focused on the ontogeny of subsets of cGMP- and protein kinase C (PKC)immunoreactive amacrine and bipolar cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paraformaldehyde-fixed postnatal and adult retinas were used for light microscopic analysis of immunohistochemical labeling of cryo-sections. Synthesis of cGMP in neural structures was achieved by means of an in vitro stimulation with a well-established nitric oxide donor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vitro stimulation of postnatal and mature retina with the nitric oxide donor results in NO-activated cGMP synthesis in subsets of bipolar and amacrine cells. NO-activated cGMP immunoreactivity is expressed in specific cell populations during the first postnatal week. Other cell subsets, consisting of amacrine cells and rod bipolar cells, express PKC immunoreactivity during postnatal development. An increasing number of rod bipolar cells start to exhibit cGMP labeling after eye opening, and a colocalization with PKC is established in adult retinas. Processes from these cell populations terminate in several sublaminas in the developing IPL, but cGMP- and PKC-labeled terminals appear to be confined to ON-lamina as the retina matures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The development of cGMP- and PKC-labeled fibers within the IPL appears to be in concert with events of neural differentiation and synaptogenesis. These results suggest that the nitric oxide/cGMP signaling pathway and PKC may participate in activity-dependent processes during development that establish the mature circuitry of synaptic contacts within the IPL. The presence of cGMP in mature rod bipolar cells suggests a role in the signal transduction of rod bipolar cell-AII amacrine cell pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Lund University Hospital, Sweden. kjell.johansson@oft.lu.se
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bruun
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: deVente
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ehinger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D007395:Interneurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D012160:Retina / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D009569:Nitric Oxide; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D006152:Cyclic GMP