title: Replacement therapy with protein C concentrate in infants and adolescents with meningococcal sepsis and purpura fulminans.
abstract: We report the effects of substitution with a virus-inactivated protein C (PC) concentrate in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in infants and children with meningococcal sepsis associated with purpura fulminans. It was a prospective open-label study. Eight pediatric and adolescent patients age 0.2 to 18.25 years with DIC associated with severe acquired PC deficiency (range 0.02 to 0.48 IU/mL; median, 0.22 IU/mL) in meningococcal septic shock and purpura fulminans were studied. Replacement therapy was initiated with a virus-inactivated PC concentrate with an initial intravenous bolus of 80 to 120 IU/kg followed by 50 IU/kg up to six times per day as an adjunctive therapeutic regimen to otherwise optimal intensive care treatment. After initial PC administration, plasma PC levels rose to normal ranges and were maintained under PC replacement therapy. Improving or even normalizing global hemostatic parameters were assessed in all patients. Markedly elevated plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) levels prior to treatment, reflecting a reduced fibrinolytic potential, decreased rapidly under PC substitution. Concomitantly improving signs of purpura fulminans reflected by decreasing size of skin lesions, demonstrated a restoring microcirculation. Six of the eight patients survived. One patient required limb amputation; two patients died because of multiorgan failure. Both presented with a severely low plasma PC activity of 0.02 IU/mL on admission to the hospital. No adverse effects were observed with the PC concentrate administration. It can be concluded that the administration of PC concentrate had a marked benefit on the deranged coagulation status of patients with purpura fulminans and meningococcal septicemia. Normalization or even partial correction of hemostasis as well as improvement of microcirculation accompanied by improving signs of purpura fulminans were demonstrated in all patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics III, Hematology/Oncology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Ettingshausen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Veldmann
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Beeg
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jäger
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kreuz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000941:Antigens / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004211:Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D011695:IgA Vasculitis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007223:Infant; D008589:Meningococcal Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011486:Protein C / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D020151:Protein C Deficiency / Q000188:drug therapy; D018805:Sepsis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D000941:Antigens; D011486:Protein C