title: Acquiring surgical skills.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Technical competence is the bedrock of surgery, yet it has only recently been viewed as a valid area for either critical evaluation or formal teaching.
  
  
  METHODS
  This review examines the teaching of surgical skills. The core is derived from a literature search of the Medline computer database.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The impetus for surgical change has generally related to the introduction of new technology. Advances initially allowed for open operation within the main body cavities; more recently minimal access surgery has appeared. The latter was introduced in an inappropriate manner, which has led to the evolution of teaching of technical skills away from an apprenticeship-based activity towards more formal skill-based training programmes. There is now a need for a solid theoretical base for the teaching of manual skills that accommodates concepts of surgical competence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hamdorf
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hall
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D004501:Education, Medical / Q000379:methods; D005194:Family Practice / Q000193:education / Q000592:standards; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D007600:Judgment; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000592:standards; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D016544:Patient Simulation; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods