title: Polymorphism in the angiotensin converting enzyme but not in the angiotensinogen gene is associated with hypertension and type 2 diabetes: the Skaraborg Hypertension and diabetes project.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the association between polymorphisms in the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene and angiotensinogen (AGT) gene and hypertension and/or type 2 diabetes in a community population.
  
  
  METHODS
  The insertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphism of the ACE gene and the M235T polymorphism of the AGT gene were genotyped in 773 nondiabetic individuals with hypertension, 193 normotensive patients with type 2 diabetes, 243 patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension, and in 820 normotensive control individuals identified in a community-based study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The DD genotype was associated with hypertension in individuals less than 70 years [odds ratio (OR) = 1.54, confidence interval (CI) = 1.09-2.18] and remained so when patients with type 2 diabetes were excluded from the analysis (OR = 1.45, CI = 1.01-2.09). The strongest association was with the combination of type 2 diabetes and hypertension (OR = 2.19, CI = 1.09-4.38). There was no association with type 2 diabetes without hypertension. No association was observed between the M235T variant or the 3'-microsatellite polymorphism of the AGT gene and hypertension.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The D-allele of the ACE gene ID polymorphism increases susceptibility to hypertension, particularly when associated with type 2 diabetes. No association was observed between the M235T variant or 3'-microsatellite polymorphism of the AGT gene and hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Primary Health Care Centre in Skara, Sweden.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bengtsson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Orho-Melander
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Lindblad
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Melander
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bøg-Hansen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ranstam
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Råstam
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Groop
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D000808:Angiotensinogen / Q000235:genetics*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000808:Angiotensinogen; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A