title: Whole body hyperthermia induction of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors: implications for rheumatoid diseases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that 41.8 degrees C x 60 min whole body hyperthermia (WBH) induces increased serum levels of soluble necrosis factor receptors (sTNF-R).
  
  
  METHODS
  We tested the serum of cancer patients for changes in sTNF-RI and RII levels, as a function of time, pre and post: (1) WBH alone, (2) WBH and chemotherapy, i.e., melphalan (L-PAM), and (3) L-PAM alone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For sTNF-RI there was a marked increase (over pre-treatment values, i.e., 86%) in serum levels after WBH alone (n = 3), which peaked 2.5 h post-WBH; L-PAM (iv) only resulted in a dip in sTNF-RI seen 40 min postadministration; the combination (WBH + L-PAM), resulted in both the dip at 40 min and the increase at 2.5 h post-treatment. For sTNF-RII both WBH alone (n = 3) and WBH + L-PAM (n = 2), there was an increase in receptor serum levels of 25% and 30%, respectively, which peaked 5.5 h post-treatment, and remained elevated at 24 h. L-PAM alone resulted in a dip in levels only at 40 min post-treatment. sTNF-RI and RII levels returned to baseline values within 7 days post-treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  41.8 degrees C WBH results in transient increases in TNF-RI and RII. These results may have therapeutic implications for the application of WBH to TNF mediated disease processes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, USA.
authors.forename: H I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Robins
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grosen
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Katschinski
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Longo
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Tiggelaar
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kutz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Winawer
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Graziano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001831:Body Temperature; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D008558:Melphalan / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D012995:Solubility; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D008558:Melphalan