title: Forward leaning reaching task in sitting (FLRS): a new measure for clinical evaluation of hamstring length in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, the rotation of the pelvis was taken into account when assessing the length of hamstrings. A new measure for clinical evaluation was developed to establish reference values of hamstring length in children without movement disabilities for different age groups. Subjects (N = 60) were 3-, 6-, 10- and 14-year-old children (N = 15 for each age group). These values could be helpful in deciding treatment interventions in children with movement disabilities, for example cerebral palsy, when hamstring length is in question.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was performed with subjects sitting and reaching for a touch control on a wall whilst voluntarily rotating the pelvis forwards. By use of digitized video frames, the spatial angles of the lumbar spine and pelvis, as well as the joint angles of hip and knee, were computed at the initial and end positions of a forward leaning reaching task in sitting (FLRS). The active forward leaning induced a forward rotation of the pelvis, causing stretch on the hamstring muscle with extended knee.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of spatial and joint angle measurements suggest that the difference of the hip joint angle between initial erect and final forward leaned sitting may be used as reference values for hamstring length. Reference values are based on the mean (+/- SE) of means (mean of 15 children, that is, group and individual means of ten trials).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The age group reference values obtained may indirectly give information as to whether the hamstring length of a child with cerebral palsy is within the normative value of age-related control subjects. The new test developed in this study provides a convenient means for measuring hamstring length and could enhance clinical evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Motor Control and Physical Therapy Research Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salén
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hirschfeld
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Olsson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D010388:Pelvis / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D012399:Rotation