title: Management of proximal axillary and subclavian artery injuries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to review the management and outcome of proximal axillary and subclavian artery injuries, and to estimate the prehospital mortality rate for subclavian injury through forensic pathology autopsy data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected prospectively for 260 patients who presented between 1977 and 1996 with trauma to the proximal axillary and subclavian arteries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of victims (214, 82 per cent) were admitted following stab injury. Some 154 patients (59 per cent) presented within 24 h of sustaining an injury and, of these, 59 (38 per cent) required immediate surgery. An additional 67 patients (26 per cent) attended 2 days or more after injury. Comparison of these data with those from forensic autopsy reports suggests that the prehospital mortality rate for penetrating subclavian trauma was approximately 75 per cent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Approximately 25 per cent of subclavian artery injuries caused minimal initial symptoms but delayed complications prompted attendance for medical attention. The majority of patients who survived subclavian artery injury and attended for medical attention were haemodynamically stable on admission; selective arteriography provided valuable information in these patients. Supraclavicular and infraclavicular incisions avoided clavicular division and reduced the postoperative morbidity associated with distal subclavian artery injuries.
authors.affiliation: Vascular Surgical Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK.
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: McKinley
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Carrim
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Robbs
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001344:Autopsy; D001366:Axillary Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries*; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography; D013348:Subclavian Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries*; D014951:Wounds, Stab / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*