title: The search for the gene for Silver-Russell syndrome.
abstract: Patients with Silver-Russell syndrome display intrauterine growth restriction and other dysmorphic features. No single genetic cause for this syndrome has been found, although there are a small number of familial cases and some patients with chromosomal rearrangements. Maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7 has been found in approximately 7% of patients with Silver-Russell syndrome. In five of these patients exhibiting maternal uniparental disomy, no common regions of isodisomy were found, thereby ruling out the expression of a recessive allele. It is most likely that one or more imprinted genes are responsible for the phenotype of Silver-Russell syndrome. Human chromosome 7 demonstrates homology with two imprinted regions on mouse chromosomes 6 and 11, which are equivalent to human chromosome regions 7q32 and 7p11-p13, respectively. We directly analysed the imprinting status of candidate genes from chromosome 7 that mapped to homologous imprinted regions in the mouse and also had a potential role in growth. The candidates were the genes that encode the epidermal growth factor receptor and the insulin-like growth factor binding proteins-1 and -3. All three of these candidate genes are localized to chromosome region 7p11-p13. Using intragenic polymorphisms as markers, we found that all three genes showed biallelic expression in different fetal tissues. Therefore, it is unlikely that these candidate genes are directly involved in producing the phenotype of Silver-Russell syndrome. Other candidates are under analysis, including two newly identified genes that are known to be imprinted.
authors.affiliation: Division of Paediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK. moore@ic.ac.uk
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abu-Amero
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wakeling
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hitchins
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Monk
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stanier
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Preece
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D002897:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7 / Q000235:genetics; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000235:genetics; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000235:genetics*; D018392:Genomic Imprinting; D006801:Humans; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017385:Sequence Homology; D013577:Syndrome
chemical_list: D066246:ErbB Receptors