title: The assessment of dependence in the study of stressful life events: validation using a twin design.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the assessment of stressful life events (SLEs), researchers have often tried to evaluate whether individual events are dependent or independent of the respondent's behaviour. We sought to validate this evaluation using a twin methodology. We predicted that dependent SLEs would be more heritable than independent SLEs.
  
  
  METHODS
  We explored, by twin modelling, the resemblance in two pairs of past-year personal and network SLEs rated individually, by trained interviewers, on a four-point dependence-independence scale. We examined results from two waves of interviews with 785 female-female twin pairs ascertained from a population based registry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twin model-fitting found no evidence for genetic effects on personal or network independent SLEs. However, familial-environmental factors played an important role in the aetiology of network independent SLEs. For personal and network dependent SLEs, by contrast, three of four analyses suggested a significant aetiological role for genetic factors with estimated heritabilities ranging from 19 to 51%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results support the validity of interviewer assessments of dependence versus independence of SLEs. As predicted, these assessments were relatively successful at distinguishing SLEs that were influenced by genetic factors from those that were not.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Medical College of Virginia of Virginia Commonwealth University and Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, USA.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kendler
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Karkowski
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Prescott
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008875:Middle Aged; D008957:Models, Genetic; D012931:Social Environment; D012944:Social Support; D014429:Twins, Dizygotic / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology*; D014430:Twins, Monozygotic / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology*