title: Gene transfer of IFN-gamma into established brain tumors represses growth by antiangiogenesis.
abstract: The experiments in this paper were designed to examine the therapeutic effects of adenoviral-mediated gene transfer of IFN-gamma into a mouse model of an established metastatic brain tumor. Temperature-sensitive replication-defective adenovirus was generated for gene transfer of IFN-gamma (AdIFN) and beta-galactosidase (AdBGAL) cDNAs in vivo. In this model, treatment with AdIFN elicits prolonged survival times and brain tumor rejection. Evidence against an immune-mediated response accounting for this result include: 1) absence of a memory immune response upon challenge, 2) lack of antitumor effects at sites distal to inoculation of AdIFN, and 3) preservation of the therapeutic effects of AdIFN in scid and beige mice and in inducible NO synthase (iNOS) knockouts. High concentrations of IFN-gamma do not inhibit tumor growth in vitro making it unlikely that the antitumor effect of this treatment acts directly on the growth of the tumor cells. However, gene transfer of IFN-gamma inhibits neovascularization of the tumor in a 3LL-Matrigel assay in vivo, and AdIFN induces apoptosis of endothelial cells in vivo, supporting the idea that AdIFN represses tumor growth by inhibiting angiogenesis. The substantial non-immune-mediated therapeutic benefits of AdIFN in animals paves the way for devising novel strategies for treating human brain tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Center for Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235, USA. fathalla@utsw.swmed.edu
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Fathallah-Shaykh
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Kafrouni
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Forman
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D018827:Carcinoma, Lewis Lung; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016513:Mice, SCID; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D007371:Interferon-gamma