title: Chloramine and copper sulfate as control agents of planktonic larvae of Chironomus luridus in water supply systems.
abstract: The latest approach to control of midge larvae in drinking-water supplies is suppression of the planktonic 1st-stage larvae, by using 2 disinfectants, chloramine and copper sulfate. The median lethal concentration for 24-h exposure of the 1st-stage larvae of Chironomus luridus to chloramine and copper sulfate individually was 0.51 and 0.38 mg/liter, respectively. The increase of copper sulfate to 0.5 mg of copper per liter to water containing chloramine (0.5 mg/liter) created a synergistic reaction that resulted in 96% (+/-8% SD) mortality of the planktonic larvae. This treatment may serve as an effective control of 1st-stage larvae in municipal drinking-water supplies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Haifa at Oranim, Tivon, Israel.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Halpern
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gasith
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Teltsch
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Porat
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Broza
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002683:Chironomidae; D002700:Chloramines / Q000633:toxicity*; D019327:Copper Sulfate / Q000633:toxicity*; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000633:toxicity*; D007814:Larva; D010571:Pest Control / Q000379:methods*; D014881:Water Supply / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D002700:Chloramines; D004202:Disinfectants; C030816:chloramine; D019327:Copper Sulfate