Endoneural selective stimulating using wire-microelectrode arrays.
In acute experiments eight 5- to 24-wire-microelectrode arrays were inserted into the common peroneal nerve of the rat, to investigate whether the electrodes could selectively stimulate motor units of the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. Twitch-force-recruitment curves were measured from the EDL for each array electrode. The curves were plotted on a double-logarithmic scale and parameterized by the low-force slope (which represents the power p in the power-law relationship of force F versus stimulus current I, or F approximately I(p)) and the threshold current. The slopes and threshold currents measured with array electrodes did not differ significantly from those obtained with randomly inserted single wire-microelectrodes. This indicates that, although involving a more invasive insertion procedure, electrode arrays provide neural contacts with low-force recruitment properties similar to those of single wires. Array results revealed partial blocking of neural conduction, similar to that reported with microneurographic insertion with single needles. The efficiency of the array was defined as the fraction of array electrodes selectively contacting a motor unit and evoking the corresponding threshold force. Efficiency thus expresses the practical value of the used electrode array in terms of the total number of distinct threshold forces that can be stimulated by selecting the appropriate electrodes. The eight arrays were capable of evoking threshold forces selectively with an average efficiency of 0.81 (or 81%).
Smit
J P
JP
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Institute for Biomedical Technology, University of Twente, The Netherlands.
Rutten
W L
WL
Boom
H B
HB
D000818:Animals; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004576:Electromyography; D004867:Equipment Design; D008297:Male; D008839:Microelectrodes; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D010543:Peroneal Nerve / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011999:Recruitment, Neurophysiological; D012684:Sensory Thresholds; D013997:Time Factors