title: Association between age-related decline in brain dopamine activity and impairment in frontal and cingulate metabolism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite the well-documented loss of brain dopamine activity with age, little is known about its functional consequences in healthy individuals. This study investigates the relationship between measures of brain dopamine D(2) receptors (molecules that transmit dopamine signals) and regional brain glucose metabolism (a marker of brain function) in healthy individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-seven healthy volunteers aged 24-86 years underwent positron emission tomography scans after injection of [(11)C]raclopride to assess dopamine D(2) receptors and [(18)]fluorodeoxyglucose to assess regional brain glucose metabolism. Two methods used to assess the correlations between metabolism and dopamine D(2) receptors-pixel-by-pixel correlations and correlations in preselected regions of interest-were then compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  D(2) receptors as well as frontal and cingulate metabolism declined with age. Regardless of the method used, significant correlations between metabolism and D(2) receptors were found in the frontal cortex (Brodmann's areas 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 44, 45, 47), anterior cingulate gyrus (areas 24, 32), temporal cortex (area 21), and caudate. These correlations remained significant after removing age effects (partial correlation).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results provide the first link between age-related declines in brain dopamine activity and frontal and cingulate metabolism, which supports the need to investigate the therapeutic utility of interventions that enhance dopamine function in the elderly. The fact that correlations remained significant after removing age effects suggests that dopamine may influence frontal, cingulate, and temporal metabolism regardless of age.
authors.affiliation: Medical and Chemistry Departments, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA. volkow@bnl.gov
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Volkow
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Logan
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Fowler
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Gur
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Felder
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Gatley
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hitzemann
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pappas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020891:Raclopride; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000032:analysis; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed
chemical_list: D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D020891:Raclopride; D005947:Glucose; D004298:Dopamine