Muscle compound motor action potentials from esophago-vertebral electrical stimulation of the spinal cord in the normal awake man.
In 15 normal alert subjects, electrical stimulation of the spinal cord at various levels by a nasopharyngeal probe (cathode) and a vertebral surface electrode (anode) was performed with different orientation of the stimulating dipole. Maximum spinal cord compound motor action potentials (SCCMAPmax) simultaneously recorded from homologous muscles of the upper arm of both sides were not significantly different in amplitude and latency. By stimulating the spinal cord at the cervico-dorsal level it was possible to obtain simultaneous recordings of SCCMAP from muscles of the upper and lower limbs and trunk at a stimulus intensity of 50-70 mA. Stimulating the spinal cord and the peripheral nerve at Erb's point it was also possible to calculate motor propagation velocity of the peripheral nerve of limb-girdle muscles. Central latency of the F wave exceeded by 0.5 to 0.7 ms that of the SCCMAP, suggesting that esophago-vertebral stimulation is able to directly excite the motor neurons. By threshold current intensity, it is possible to obtain a threshold SCCMAP (SCCMAPth) of the same latency as SCCMAPmax and different in shape, duration and amplitude from the CMAP obtained by cortical stimulation with threshold magnetic stimuli. SCCMAPth was different in shape from the motor unit action potential activated at weak voluntary effort, SCCMAPth latency and amplitude were unchanged after voluntary homo- and contralateral activation.
Caccia
M R
MR
Laboratorio di Neurofisiologia Clinica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.
Valla
P L
PL
Osio
M
M
Mangoni
A
A
D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000295:instrumentation; D004566:Electrodes; D004576:Electromyography; D004947:Esophagus / Q000294:innervation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008280:Magnetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation*; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000294:innervation; D009431:Neural Conduction / Q000502:physiology; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012684:Sensory Thresholds / Q000502:physiology; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000502:physiology*