title: A new staging criterion for bladder carcinoma using gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging with an endorectal surface coil: a comparison with ultrasonography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the accuracy of a new staging criterion, submucosal linear enhancement (SLE) on gadolinium-diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid-enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using an endorectal surface coil (endorectal enhanced MRI), and to compare the accuracy of this method with that of transurethral ultrasonography (TUUS).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 71 patients with bladder tumours (63 men and eight women, mean age 65.5 years, range 31-85). The SLE coincided with abundant submucosal vascular beds, as reported in a previous study. When the SLE beneath the tumour maintained continuity, the tumour was diagnosed as superficial (</= T1), but if the SLE was interrupted by the tumour, the disease was considered invasive (>/= T2a). Superficial muscle invasion (less than half the muscle layer) and deep muscle invasion (more than half the muscle layer) were classified as T2a and T2b, respectively. When the tumour formed an extravesical mass, the tumour was classified as T3b.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The staging accuracy for bladder tumours using SLE on endorectal-enhanced MRI or TUUS was 83% and 60%, respectively (P < 0.01). Using the SLE, muscle invasion of bladder tumour was diagnosed with an accuracy of 87%, a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 87%; this was significantly better than with TUUS (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The criterion of SLE on Gd-DTPA enhanced T1-weighted MRI using an endorectal surface coil is useful for staging bladder tumour, and the staging accuracy is significantly better than with TUUS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Mie University School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tochigi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shiraishi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kawamura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014463:Ultrasonography; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA