title: Laryngeal manifestations of paracoccidioidomycosis (South American blastomycosis).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and epidemiologic characteristics of laryngeal paracoccidioidomycosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary care institutional hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the hospital records of 7 patients with laryngeal paracoccidioidomycosis diagnosed by histopathological examination.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical manifestations of laryngeal paracoccidioidomycosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients were men and were middle-aged (range, 43-65 years), and most (86% [6/7]) were farm workers. All 7 patients regularly used tobacco, but only (43% [3/7]) were alcohol users. Clinical manifestations were dysphonia (86% [6/7]), dyspnea (71% [5/7]), dysphagia (43% [3/7]), and cough (29% [2/7]). Laryngeal examination revealed ulcerative lesions with a mulberrylike appearance in 3 patients and vegetative lesions in 4 patients. Many had multiple laryngeal lesions with involvement of the true and false vocal cords, the epiglottis, and the arytenoid and interarytenoid areas. The first diagnostic impression was carcinoma in all patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laryngeal paracoccidioidomycosis may be a difficult diagnosis for the unsuspecting clinician to make. Examination of the larynx can reveal lesions similar to laryngeal cancer; therefore, diagnosis of carcinoma must be ruled out by histopathological examination or culture of a specimen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fundação Faculdade Federal de Ciências Médicas de Porto Alegre, Complexo Hospitalar Santa Casa, Brazil. gds@plug-in.com.br
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Sant'Anna
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mauri
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Arrarte
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Camargo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006753:Hospital Records; D006801:Humans; D007828:Laryngoscopy; D007830:Larynx / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010229:Paracoccidioidomycosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*