title: Hepatitis C virus genotypes in hemophiliacs in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a positive-strand RNA virus composed of at least 10 genotypes and dozens of subtypes. Six major genotypes can be distinguished by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the amplified 5' noncoding region (NCR) of the genome. The genotypes are unequally distributed throughout the world. Types 1 and 3 are most common in Europe and the United States. Although fewer studies have been performed in Brazil, the pattern seems to mirror that in the other areas. HCV infection is highly prevalent among hemophiliacs and is a major cause of chronic liver disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study investigated a sample of the hemophiliac population in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, by RFLP analysis of the 5' NCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was observed that 84.1 percent were of genotype 1 and 13.6 percent of genotype 3. Sequence analysis of nine isolates confirmed the RFLP results and determined that all of the type 1 isolates belonged to subtype 1a. Phylogenetic analysis by parsimony and distance revealed that lineages of genotypes 1, 2, and 3, and 4 could be separated. The isolates of type 3 from this study were distinct from published sequences, which possibly indicated their different geographical origin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the frequency of genotypes observed (types 1 and 3) among hemophiliacs in the state of Minas Gerais was higher than that in the southern part of the country, these frequencies were not different from those in other groups of patients in Brazil and other countries studied. Further investigation is needed of the evidence that the type 3 isolates observed in these studies are significantly different from other isolates previously characterized by sequence analysis.
authors.affiliation: René Rachou Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. oliveira@netra.cpqrr.fiocruz.br
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Carmo
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Guimarães
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Corrêa-Oliveira
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005838:Genotype; D006467:Hemophilia A / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction