title: Fractional extraction of compounds from grape seeds by supercritical fluid extraction and analysis for antimicrobial and agrochemical activities.
abstract: White grape seeds were subjected to sequential supercritical fluid extraction. By increasing the polarity of the supercritical fluid using methanol as a modifier of CO(2), it was possible to fractionate the extracted compounds. Two fractions were obtained; the first, which was obtained with pure CO(2), contained mainly fatty acids, aliphatic aldehydes, and sterols. The second fraction, obtained with methanol-modified CO(2), had phenolic compounds, mainly catechin, epicatechin, and gallic acid. The fractions were bioassayed. Antimicrobial activities were checked on human pathogens, and a high degree of activity was obtained with the lipophilic fraction. Agrochemical activities on phytopathogenic fungi and activities on the etiolated wheat coleoptile bioassay were also checked. The more polar fraction was active in the latter bioassay.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern School of Pharmacy, Mercer University, 3001 Mercer University Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Palma
authors.forename: L T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Varela
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Cutler
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Cutler
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D001681:Biological Assay; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D019685:Rosales / Q000737:chemistry*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014908:Triticum / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts