title: Pretreatment with oral clonidine attenuates cardiovascular responses to tracheal extubation in children.
abstract: This study was designed to evaluate the effects of diazepam and clonidine orally given preoperatively on cardiovascular responses to tracheal extubation in children. Fifty children, ASA physical status I, aged 4-10 years, undergoing minor elective surgery (inguinal hernia, phimosis) received orally, in a randomized, double-blind manner, diazepam 0.4 mg.kg-1 or clonidine 4 microgram.kg-1 (n=25 of each). These drugs were administered 105 min before an inhalational induction of anaesthesia. The same standard general anaesthetic technique was employed throughout. The maximum changes in heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were less in patients who had received clonidine than in those who had received diazepam (HR, 12 vs 24; SBP, 14 vs 26; DBP, 9 vs 16; mean, P < 0.05). In conclusion, compared to diazepam given orally, pretreatment with oral clonidine attenuates haemodynamic changes associated with tracheal extubation in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Tsukuba Institute of Clinical Medicine, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saitoh
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toyooka
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003000:Clonidine / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003975:Diazepam / Q000494:pharmacology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D013610:Tachycardia / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D000932:Antiemetics; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D003000:Clonidine; D003975:Diazepam