title: Hepatocyte cytokeratins are hyperphosphorylated at multiple sites in human alcoholic hepatitis and in a mallory body mouse model.
abstract: Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is associated with cytokeratin 8 and 18 (CK8/18) accumulation as cytoplasmic inclusion bodies, termed Mallory bodies (MBs). Studies with MB mouse models and cultured hepatocytes suggested that CK8/18 hyperphosphorylation might be involved in MB formation. However, no data exist on phosphorylation of CK8/18 in human AH. In this study, antibodies that selectively recognize phosphorylated epitopes of CK8 or CK18 were used to analyze CK8/18 phosphorylation states in normal human and murine livers, human AH biopsies, and livers of 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1, 4-dihydrocollidine (DDC)-intoxicated mice, the last serving as model for MB induction. Hepatocyte cytokeratins become hyperphosphorylated at multiple sites in AH and in DDC-intoxicated mice. Hyperphosphorylation of CK8/18 occurred rapidly, after 1 day of DDC intoxication and preceded architectural changes of the cytoskeleton. In long-term DDC-intoxicated mice as well as in human AH, MBs preferentially contain hyperphosphorylated CK8/18 as compared with the cytoplasmic cytokeratin intermediate filament network suggesting that CK8/18 hyperphosphorylation may play a contributing role in MB pathogenesis. Furthermore, the site-specific phosphorylation of cytokeratin in different stages of MB induction provides indirect evidence for the involvement of a variety of protein kinases known to be activated in stress responses, mitosis, and apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pathology and Medicine, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stumptner
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Omary
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fickert
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Denk
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zatloukal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003997:Dicarbethoxydihydrocollidine / Q000506:poisoning; D006519:Hepatitis, Alcoholic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D002479:Inclusion Bodies / Q000378:metabolism*; D007633:Keratins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010766:Phosphorylation
chemical_list: D003997:Dicarbethoxydihydrocollidine; D007633:Keratins