title: Long-chain fatty acid-induced changes in gene expression in neonatal cardiac myocytes.
abstract: Long-chain fatty acids are the most important substrates for the heart. In addition, they have been shown to affect signalling pathways and gene expression. To explore the effects of long-chain fatty acids on cardiac gene expression, neonatal rat ventricular myocytes were cultured for 48 h with either glucose (10 mm), fatty acids (palmitic and oleic acid, 0.25 mm each), or a combination of both as exogenous substrates. Exposure to fatty acids (both in the absence or presence of glucose) neither affected cellular morphology and protein content nor induced alterations in the expression of phenotypic marker genes like atrial natriuretic factor and the Ca-ATPase SERCA2. However, incubation with fatty acids (with or without glucose) resulted in up to 4-fold increases of the mRNA levels of fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36), heart-type fatty acid-binding protein, acyl-CoA synthetase, and long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. In contrast, the expression of genes coding for proteins involved in glucose uptake and metabolism, i.e., glucose transporter GLUT4, hexokinase II, and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, remained constant or even declined under these conditions. These changes corresponded with a 60% increase in cardiomyocyte fatty acid oxidation capacity. Interestingly, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha)-ligand Wy 14,643, but not the PPARgamma-ligand ciglitazone, also resulted in increased mRNA levels of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism. In conclusion, fatty acids specifically and co-ordinately up-regulate transcription of genes coding for proteins involved in cardiac fatty acid transport and metabolism, most likely through activation of PPARalpha.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: van der Lee
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Vork
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: De Vries
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Willemsen
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Glatz
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Reneman
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Van der Vusse
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Van Bilsen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008024:Ligands; D010641:Phenotype; D051381:Rats; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D008024:Ligands; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D014157:Transcription Factors