title: Preparation and characterization of hydrophobic polymeric films that are thromboresistant via nitric oxide release.
abstract: The preparation of hydrophobic polymer films (polyurethane and poly(vinyl chloride)) containing nitric oxide (NO)-releasing diazeniumdiolate functions is reported as a basis for improving the thromboresistivity of such polymeric materials for biomedical applications. Several different approaches for preparing NO-releasing polymer films are presented, including: (1) dispersion of diazeniumdiolate molecules within the polymer matrix; (2) covalent attachment of the diazeniumdiolate to the polymer backbone; and (3) ion-pairing of a diazeniumdiolated heparin species to form an organic soluble complex that can be blended into the polymer. Each approach is characterized in terms of NO release rates and in vitro biocompatibility. Results presented indicate that the polymer films prepared by each approach release NO for variable periods of time (10-72 h), although they differ in the mechanism, location and amount of NO released. In vitro platelet adhesion studies demonstrate that the localized NO release may prove to be an effective strategy for improving blood compatibility of polymer materials for a wide range of medical devices.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1055, USA.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Mowery
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Schoenfisch
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Saavedra
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Keefer
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Meyerhoff
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D007700:Kinetics; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D010973:Platelet Adhesiveness / Q000187:drug effects; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D012756:Sheep; D013499:Surface Properties; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D011140:Polyurethanes; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride