title: [Optimization of beam filtering, kv-ma regulation curve and image intensifier entrance exposure rate to reduce radiation exposure in angiographic fluoroscopy].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluation of radiation exposure and image quality during fluoroscopy using a new vascular X-ray system.
  
  
  METHODS
  The measurements were made on an Integris V 3000 X-ray system with MRC tube and SpectraBeam technology (Philips Medical Systems, Hamburg). Entrance dose rates were measured with phantoms for the three fluoroscopy levels (1-3) which differed with regard to beam filtering and image intensiver entrance exposure rate. We evaluated 132 diagnostic and interventional angiographic studies. The angiographic investigators were asked to start with level 1 and to change to the next fluoroscopy level only in the case of insufficient image quality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Entrance dose rate is reduced by approx. 74% at fluoroscopy level 1 and by approx. 46% at level 2 relative to level 3 which is comparable to angiographic X-ray systems without MRC tube and SpectraBeam technology. Because level 1 ensured a sufficient image quality in 92% of the diagnostic and 60% of the interventional angiographic procedures a change to higher fluoroscopy levels was not necessary.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reduction of the intensifier exposure rate and the optimization of beam filtering enabled us to reduce the radiation exposure considerably. The procedure was well accepted by the angiographic investigators due to the diagnostically sufficient image quality of the fluoroscopy level 1.
authors.affiliation: Zentralinstitut für Röntgendiagnostik, Universitätsklinikums Essen. joerg.barkhausen@uni-essen.de
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barkhausen
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schoenfelder
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Nagel
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Stöblen
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Müller
mesh_terms: D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*