title: Thiopurine methyltransferase genotype and the toxicity of azathioprine in Japanese.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) is a cytosolic enzyme that preferentially catalyzes the S-methylation of aromatic and heterocyclic sulfhydryl compounds, including Azathioprine (AZA). It has been reported that the level of AZA toxicity is dependent on the TPMT genotypes in Caucasian individuals; we thus investigated this relationship in Japanese.
  
  
  METHODS
  The TPMT genotype was determined using peripheral blood cell DNA obtained from 36 Japanese patients with rheumatic diseases who were treated with AZA, by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Duration of AZA administration, white blood cell counts before and after AZA administration, and side effects were investigated in each subject, and were compared between the patients with or without TPMT mutation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The TPMT allelotype was TPMT*1/TPMT*1 in 33 (91.7%) and TPMT*1/TPMT*3C in 3 (8.3%) individuals. All 3 patients (100%) with the mutant TPMT allele (TPMT*3C) discontinued AZA treatment due to leucopenia while only 4 patients (12%) without mutant TPMT alleles showed leucopenia (p=0.0049, Fisher's exact test). However, leucopenia developed relatively late in patients with mutant TPMT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The TPMT mutant allele, TPMT*3C, also exists in Japanese individuals, and the bone marrow toxicity of AZA is likely stronger in patients with this mutant allele.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, Kasumi.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishioka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hiyama
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamanishi
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: McLeod
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kumagai
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamakido
mesh_terms: D001379:Azathioprine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007564:Japan; D008780:Methyltransferases / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D008780:Methyltransferases; C022745:thiopurine methyltransferase; D001379:Azathioprine