title: Immune dysfunction in trauma.
abstract: This article documents that all immunomodulation strategies for patients sustaining traumatic injury are still under intense investigation. Although we can speculate that combination strategies may be more beneficial than single-agent immunomodulation approaches, comprehensive clinical studies are required to determine efficacious immune therapy for trauma patients. The only strategy available to clinicians caring for trauma patients is immunonutrition, and this should be strongly considered as a rational approach to improve immune function and reduce septic complications in critically ill or injured patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Ludwig Maximilians University, Klinikum Grosshadern, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Napolitano
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Faist
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Wichmann
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Coimbra
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016638:Critical Illness; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000276:immunology; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000276:immunology; D018529:Nutritional Support; D018805:Sepsis / Q000517:prevention & control; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D007155:Immunologic Factors