title: Etiology of early age onset substance use disorder: a maturational perspective.
abstract: The etiology of early age onset substance use disorder (SUD), an Axis I psychiatric illness, is examined from the perspective of the multifactorial model of complex disorders. Beginning at conception, genetic and environment interactions produce a sequence of biobehavioral phenotypes during development which bias the ontogenetic pathway toward SUD. One pathway to SUD is theorized to emanate from a deviation in somatic and neurological maturation, which, in the context of adverse environments, predisposes to affective and behavioral dysregulation as the cardinal SUD liability-contributing phenotype. Dysregulation progresses via epigenesis from difficult temperament in infancy to conduct problems in childhood to substance use by early adolescence and to severe SUD by young adulthood.
authors.affiliation: Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tarter
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vanyukov
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Giancola
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dawes
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Blackson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mezzich
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Clark
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology; D000367:Age Factors; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000254:growth & development; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D011582:Psychological Theory; D012931:Social Environment; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D013694:Temperament / Q000502:physiology