title: Drinking habits and prevalence of heavy drinking among primary health care outpatients and general population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the target group for brief alcohol intervention in primary health care and to compare the prevalence of heavy drinking in two different primary health care populations and the general population in the same geographical area.
  
  
  METHODS
  Drinking data were collected from outpatients of primary health care by a questionnaire containing the CAGE test and quantity-frequency alcohol consumption questions and from a sample of the general population by a telephone survey, including the CAGE. The index of heavy drinking was for men three, and for women two, affirmative answers in CAGE which though not specifically a consumption questionnaire is a good marker of heavy drinking.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two different primary health care populations (primary health care clinic and occupational health care clinic) and the general population in a Finnish health care area.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive 1861 primary health care clinic and 2942 occupational health care clinic outpatients and 544 randomly selected adults in the general population, contacted by telephone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The primary health care clinic patients drank significantly more per occasion than the patients of the occupational health care clinic (75 vs. 66 g. in men; 33 vs. 27 g. in women) and fewer times per week (0.8 vs. 0.9 in men; 0.5 vs. 0.6 in women). The patients in the primary health care clinic also reported drinking more per week (76 vs. 67 g. in men; 23 vs. 19 g. in women); among women the difference was significant. Among men the prevalences of heavy drinking in the primary health care clinic, occupational health care clinic and general population were 20%, 17% and 16%, respectively (p > or = 0.05). Among women the corresponding figures were 9%, 6% and 13% (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high prevalence of heavy drinking found in the study confirms the importance of brief intervention by general practitioners. The study also indicates that prevalence and drinking habits depend on the type of clinic and heavy drinkers in general may not be over-represented in primary health care. This study raises the question, especially among women, of how to reach and to provide health advice to those heavy drinkers who do not attend primary health care facilities.
authors.affiliation: Alcohol Research Centre, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aalto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Seppä
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kiianmaa
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sillanaukee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006266:Health Education / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires