title: Concentration-dependent differential induction of necrosis or apoptosis by HIV-1 lytic peptide 1.
abstract: The mechanism by which human immunodeficiency virus type 1 induces depletion of CD4+ T-lymphocytes remains controversial, but may involve cytotoxic viral proteins. Synthetic peptides (lentivirus lytic peptide type 1) corresponding to the carboxyl terminus of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmembrane glycoprotein induce cytopathology at concentrations of 100 nM and above. At these concentrations lentivirus lytic peptide type 1 disrupts mitochondrial integrity of CD4+ T-lymphoblastoid cells and induces other changes characteristic of necrosis. In contrast, at concentrations of 20 nM, lentivirus lytic peptide type 1 potently induces apoptosis. Thus, the mechanism by which human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mediates cell death, necrosis or apoptosis, may depend, in part, on the tissue concentration of transmembrane glycoprotein.
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Plymale
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Comardelle
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Fermi
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Costin
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Norris
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Tencza
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Mietzner
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Montelaro
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Garry
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009336:Necrosis; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence