title: Evidence for the distortion product frequency place as a source of distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) fine structure in humans. I. Fine structure and higher-order DPOAE as a function of the frequency ratio f2/f1.
abstract: Critical experiments were performed in order to validate the two-source hypothesis of distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) generation. Measurements of the spectral fine structure of DPOAE in response to stimulation with two sinusoids have been performed with normal-hearing subjects. The dependence of fine-structure patterns on the frequency ratio f2/f1 was investigated by changing f1 or f2 only (fixed f2 or fixed f1 paradigm, respectively), and by changing both primaries at a fixed ratio and looking at different order DPOAE. When f2/f1 is varied in the fixed ratio paradigm, the patterns of 2 f1-f2 fine structure vary considerably more if plotted as a function of f2 than as a function of fDP. Different order distortion products located at the same characteristic place on the basilar membrane (BM) show similar patterns for both, the fixed-f2 and fDP paradigms. Fluctuations in DPOAE level up to 20 dB can be observed. In contrast, the results from a fixed-fDP paradigm do not show any fine structure but only an overall dependence of DP level on the frequency ratio, with a maximum for 2f1-f2 at f2/f1 close to 1.2. Similar stimulus configurations used in the experiments have also been used for computer simulations of DPOAE in a nonlinear and active model of the cochlea. Experimental results and model simulations give strong evidence for a two-source model of DPOAE generation: The first source is the initial nonlinear interaction of the primaries close to the f2 place. The second source is caused by coherent reflection from a re-emission site at the characteristic place of the distortion product frequency. The spectral fine structure of DPOAE observed in the ear canal reflects the interaction of both these sources.
authors.affiliation: AG Medizinische Physik, Universität Oldenburg, Germany. mani@medi.physik.uni-oldenburg.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mauermann
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uppenkamp
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: van Hengel
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kollmeier
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D000328:Adult; D001299:Audiometry; D003051:Cochlea / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D017084:Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous / Q000502:physiology*