title: In vitro investigation of the effect of various isotonic substances in parenteral emulsions on human erythrocytes.
abstract: The hemolytic behaviour of human erythrocytes in parenteral emulsions containing various isotonizing substances (xylitol, sorbitol and glycerol) was studied. It was found that complete hemolysis of human erythrocytes occurred in parenteral emulsions with isotonic or isosmotic concentration of glycerol after 5 min, whereas emulsions which contained an isotonic concentration of xylitol or sorbitol did not show any hemolysis after 40 min. Conversely, formulations with different concentrations of glycerol in an isotonic solution of sorbitol did not show any hemolytic behaviour after 40 min. It appeared that all the hemolytic phenomena encountered in glycerol were of an isotonic character since hemolysis was totally prevented by the inclusion of an isotonic concentration of sorbitol. According to these in vitro results it seems that glycerol, a commonly used substance in commercial parenteral emulsions, may not be the best isotonizing substance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics of Christian Albrecht University, Gutenbergstrasse 76, D-24118, Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jumaa
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Müller
mesh_terms: D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004655:Emulsions; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D005990:Glycerol / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007263:Infusions, Parenteral; D007552:Isotonic Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000009:adverse effects; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000009:adverse effects; D013012:Sorbitol / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D014993:Xylitol / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D004655:Emulsions; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D010743:Phospholipids; C008288:Lipofundin; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D013012:Sorbitol; D005990:Glycerol; D014993:Xylitol