title: Cognitive outcomes and long-term follow-up results after enhanced chemotherapy delivery for primary central nervous system lymphoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with non-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related primary central nervous system lymphomas have the potential to achieve durable complete responses without radiotherapy, with treatment using enhanced chemotherapy delivery with blood-brain barrier disruption (BBBD). Reported 5-year survival rates with combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy were generally only 9 to 22% and were associated, in one study, with an overall 32% incidence of overt dementia and ataxia, which are dramatically increased among patients more than 60 years of age.
  
  
  METHODS
  At the Oregon Health Sciences University, 111 consecutive patients with non-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related central nervous system lymphomas were prospectively treated with methotrexate-based, BBBD-enhanced chemotherapy and underwent formal neuropsychological evaluations. Of those, 74 patients had no systemic lymphoma and had received no prior irradiation; those 74 patients are described in this report.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The estimated 5-year survival rate for this group was 42%, and the median survival time was 40.7 months. Overall, 48 patients (65%) exhibited complete responses and 36 patients continued to exhibit complete responses after 1 year of BBBD-enhanced chemotherapy. Of those 36 patients, none demonstrated evidence of cognitive loss in neuropsychological tests and/or clinical examinations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BBBD-enhanced chemotherapy delivery, without subsequent radiotherapy, resulted in favorable survival and cognitive outcomes for patients with primary central nervous system lymphomas who had not previously undergone irradiation. A cooperative multicenter study of intravenous chemotherapy without radiotherapy versus BBBD-enhanced chemotherapy would address the feasibility and necessity of performing a Phase III study for these rare central nervous system malignancies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201, USA.
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: McAllister
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Doolittle
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Guastadisegni
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Kraemer
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Lacy
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Crossen
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Neuwelt
mesh_terms: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012074:Remission Induction; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D008727:Methotrexate