title: Case report of an aviator with a single episode of altered consciousness due to Hymenoptera hypersensitivity.
abstract: This case is presented to: a) emphasize the importance of a careful history, including interviewing witnesses and considering a complete differential diagnosis when evaluating aviators with a history of an episode of altered consciousness; and b) demonstrate an appropriate use of literature review, subspecialty consultations, and U.S. Air Force Aeromedical Guidelines to arrive at an aeromedical disposition for an unusual case. A military aviator experienced an episode of syncope/near syncope, initially felt to be caused by a primary seizure or an arrhythmia. Subsequent thorough evaluation included careful history taking, extensive interviewing of witnesses, subspecialty consultations, review of appropriate literature and deliberation by a board of experienced military aeromedical physicians. Cardiac and neurologic diagnoses were considered but careful history and witness interviews revealed that the aviator had sustained an insect sting just minutes before the episode. Evaluation by allergy specialists, including skin testing, identified him as being hypersensitive to Hymenoptera stings. A diagnosis of hypersensitivity reaction to a Hymenoptera sting was determined to be the cause of the altered consciousness episode. Review of the literature revealed that immunotherapy for Hymenoptera sensitivity reduces the risk of future anaphylaxis to only 1-2% after maintenance dose is achieved. Consideration of the risk of future events and the success of rush immunotherapy resulted in a recommendation for a waiver to return the aviator to unrestricted flying duties. The importance of diligent history taking must never be forgotten. In this aviator it led to the correct diagnosis and definitive therapy. In addition, appropriate consideration of the literature and knowledge of outcome rates allowed a return to unrestricted flying for this aviator. If the original diagnosis of seizure or arrhythmia had been accepted, this aviator would have been disqualified without waiver and a valuable flying asset would have been lost.
authors.affiliation: Aeromedical Consultation Service, USAF School of Aerospace Medicine, Brooks AFB, TX, USA. Gee@samafc.brooks.af.mil
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Gee
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Kruyer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000337:Aerospace Medicine; D000818:Animals; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D006801:Humans; D006927:Hymenoptera; D006969:Hypersensitivity, Immediate / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D007167:Immunotherapy; D007299:Insect Bites and Stings / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008487:Medical History Taking; D008889:Military Personnel; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012307:Risk Factors; D012882:Skin Tests; D013575:Syncope / Q000209:etiology*; D014481:United States