title: Modulation of glial activation by astrocyte-derived protein S100B: differential responses of astrocyte and microglial cultures.
abstract: The astrocyte-derived protein S100B stimulates production of inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide (NO) in astrocytes [Hu et al., 1996, J. Biol. Chem. 271:2543], but its effect on microglia is not known. In addition, S100B's ability to modulate the activity of other glial activating agents has not been defined. In this study, we compared the ability of S100B to stimulate NO in cultures of rat primary astrocytes and the BV-2 murine microglial cell line, and investigated the effect of the combined action of S100B and other stimuli known to activate glial cells. S100B itself stimulated the production of NO in astrocytes, and did not modify or potentiated only weakly the NO production induced by interleukin-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, dibutyryl cyclic AMP, zymosan A or lipid A. In contrast, S100B alone did not induce NO in BV-2 cells but strongly potentiated NO production in the presence of lipid A but not zymosan A. The deletion of eight C-terminal amino acid residues in S100B leads to a loss of the effect of S100B on microglia but not on astrocytes. These results demonstrate that responses of glial cells to extracellular S100B can vary depending on the cell type, and suggest that different structural features of S100B are important for the protein's effects on microglia and astrocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Medical School, Ward 4-202, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago 60611 IL, USA.
authors.forename: T V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Petrova
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Van Eldik
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects; D008050:Lipid A / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D017628:Microglia / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051381:Rats; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D015054:Zymosan / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D008050:Lipid A; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins; C579159:S100b protein, mouse; C579158:S100b protein, rat; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D015054:Zymosan; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat