title: Role of limited posterior thoracotomy for open-heart surgery in the current era.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The earliest open-heart operations were performed employing the thoracotomy approach. Over the years, median sternotomy has become the routine way of approaching the heart. However, lately there has been progressive enthusiasm in minimally invasive techniques for accessing the heart. We present our technique of correction of congenital heart defects employing the limited posterior thoracotomy approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  From June 1997 to April 1998, 27 patients underwent correction for various intracardiac defects without any mortality. There were 19 ostium secundum defects, with or without other associated anomalies. There were six sinus venosus defects with partial anomalous pulmonary venous connections. Two patients had perimembranous ventricular septal defects, while 2 patients had partial atrioventricular defects. In 2 other patients, pulmonary stenosis was repaired, using pulmonary valvotomy in 1 patient, whereas the other patient required short transannular patch.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median age was 7 years and the median weight was 20 kg. The median skin-to-skin time was 260 minutes. The median bypass time was 63.25 minutes and the median cross-clamp time was 35.0 minutes. All the patients were extubated within 12 hours following surgery and the median ICU stay was 24 hours. Three patients required blood transfusions in the ICU for significant blood loss and the mean chest drainage was 85 cc per 24 hours. None of the patients had phrenic nerve palsies. None of the patients required additional analgesics other than routine ibuprofen or ketorolac tromethamine. Short-term follow-up revealed no functional or physical disability of the thoracic wall and the right arm. All who underwent surgery with this approach were happy with the limited visibility of their scars.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Limited posterior thoracotomy offers a viable alternative for midsternotomy and submammary thoracotomy. It has the advantage of a scar in the back that does not impede the future growth of the breast tissue and the pectoralis major. Our approach does not need any new instruments and hence no contraptions are necessary to perform the operation with this approach. Our results have shown satisfactory short-term results and better cosmesis.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardio-Vascular Diseases, Mogappair, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shivaprakasha
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Murthy
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Coelho
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Planche
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Cherian
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D013908:Thoracotomy / Q000379:methods*