title: The distribution of nerve fibres immunoreactive for vasoactive intestinal peptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P and dopamine beta-hydroxylase in the normal equine larynx.
abstract: The autonomic innervation of the mammalian respiratory system is complex, and involves a wide variety of peptide and non-peptide neurotransmitters which will have an important role in normal laryngeal function and the response to disease. This innervation has been partially described in the horse airway and lung, but there is no information on the equine larynx. This paper describes the expression and distribution of nerve fibres immunoreactive for vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP) and the adrenergic enzymatic marker dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBetaH) in the mucosa of the equine larynx. The overall relative density of nerve fibres immunoreactive for the different antigens was VIP>>CGRP>SP>>DBetaH. There were differences in the distribution of nerve fibre types, although each antigen was found in nerve fibres adjacent to blood vessels and mucous glands. VIP -like immunoreactivity (VIP -Li) was particularly extensive in association with mucous glands. SP - and CGRP -like immunoreactivity (SP -Li, CGRP -Li) were also seen close to the epithelium, with occasional nerve fibres coursing beneath and between the epithelial cells. Fragments of SP -Li and CGRP -Li fibres were also present in large nerve fibre bundles and ganglionic cell clusters, but not in the neurons themselves. The density of nerve fibres immunoreactive for DBetaH was very low and restricted to blood vessels and mucous glands. There was marked variation in the density of nerve fibres at the different sites, with the greatest density, particularly for VIP, over the arytenoid cartilage. Immunoreactive nerve fibres were less plentiful over the epiglottis, and the density of all types of nerve fibres was low over the cricoid cartilage. Overall VIP -Li nerve fibres were the most plentiful.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Summerhall, Edinburgh, EH9 1QH. BMC@ed.ac.uk
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Corcoran
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jarvis
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.forename: I G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Mayhew
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide / Q000032:analysis*; D004299:Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase / Q000032:analysis*; D006736:Horses / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000737:chemistry; D007823:Laryngeal Nerves / Q000737:chemistry*; D013373:Substance P / Q000032:analysis*; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D013373:Substance P; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; D004299:Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide