title: Adhesion molecule expression in a rat model of Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether Staphylococcus aureus and its components induce expression of E-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 in rat ocular tissues and on human endothelial cells in culture.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental and control rat eyes were injected with 80 colony-forming units of viable S. aureus and lipopolysaccharide-free sterile saline (NS), respectively. Eyes were enucleated and immediately frozen. E-selectin and ICAM-1 expression were evaluated on frozen sections by using standard immunohistochemical techniques. Using an enzyme-linked immunoassay, in vitro expression of E-selectin and ICAM-1 was evaluated on macrovascular endothelial cells after stimulation with S. aureus and selected purified components.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In S. aureus-injected eyes, E-selectin and ICAM-1 expression peaked at six to 24 hours, decreased slightly at 24 and 48 hours, and further declined by 72 hours. However, in NS-injected eyes, peak levels of E-selectin and ICAM-1 were seen at 6 hours, after which expression declined in the areas in which an increase was previously observed. In in vitro assays, peptidoglycan (0.01 microg/ml) induced a fourfold increase in E-selectin (P < 0.0001) and a twofold increase in ICAM-1 (P < 0.002) expression. Ribitol teichoic acid (RTA) (1 microg/ml) induced a twofold increase in E-selectin (P < 0.0001) and a threefold increase in ICAM-1 (P < 0.0001) expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Eyes injected with S. aureus demonstrated a more intense and prolonged expression of both E-selectin and ICAM-1 than did eyes injected with NS. In addition, S. aureus components induced the in vitro expression of these adhesion molecules on macrovascular endothelial cells. The relevance of these findings to microvascular endothelial cells is yet to be determined.
authors.affiliation: Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, 90095-7000, USA. mgiese@ucla.edu
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Giese
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Shum
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Rayner
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Mondino
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Berliner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015818:Eye Infections, Bacterial / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010457:Peptidoglycan / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D013682:Teichoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D019040:E-Selectin; D010457:Peptidoglycan; D013682:Teichoic Acids; C044340:ribitol teichoic acid; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1