title: George Wald memorial talk.
abstract: George Wald was born in 1906 in New York City to immigrant parents. An early and voracious reader, he soon developed a wide range of interests and entered New York University as a pre-law student, the first in his family to attend college. Shortly shifting to pre-medicine, he graduated college in biology. For graduate work, he joined the laboratory of Selig Hecht, a pioneer in vision research, at Columbia University. In 1932, four months before Hitler came to power, George went to Berlin to do postdoctoral work in the laboratory of Otto Warburg and there found vitamin A in the retina. This launched his life-long explorations of the molecular basis of vision for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1967. During the 1960s, George became increasingly involved in anti-war and anti-nuclear activities, writing and travelling widely, including multiple trips to commemorations of the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki sponsored by Japanese colleagues. He considered these activities part of being a biologist, someone concerned with life. In his final years, he turned to questions about consciousness, writing and speaking about 'Life and Mind in the Universe'.
authors.affiliation: Biological Laboratories, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hubbard
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wald
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001695:Biology / Q000266:history*; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D012243:Rhodopsin / Q000266:history; D014481:United States; D014785:Vision, Ocular / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D012243:Rhodopsin