title: Intermittent catheterization limits rabbit bladder dysfunction in response to partial outlet obstruction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The initial response of the urinary bladder to outflow partial obstruction consists of distension, followed by a rapid increase in mass and concomitant functional adaptations. Subsequently, an indeterminate period of stabilized function and little increase in mass occurs (compensation). Finally, bladder mass again progressively increases, accompanied by deleterious changes in bladder morphology, biochemistry and pharmacology, and progressive loss of function (decompensation). The reported study was designed to determine whether limiting the level of bladder distension, using intermittent catheterization (IntCath), could protect the bladder from decompensation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen male New Zealand White rabbits were separated into 4 groups of 4 rabbits each: control, control with IntCath, obstructed, and obstructed with IntCath. IntCath was performed with the animals under inhalation anesthesia. An 8 Fr. catheter was inserted through the urethra into the bladder every 8 hours and the urine drained. After 14 days of obstruction, bladders were removed from all rabbits; longitudinal strips were cut from the bladder body and suspended in individual organ baths. Contractile responses to field stimulation (FS), KCl, ATP, and carbachol were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences between control rabbits and controls with IntCath in bladder weights, compliance, and contractile responses to all stimuli. Bladder weights of both obstructed groups increased significantly compared to those of both control groups. Bladder weights of obstructed rabbits increased to a significantly greater extent than did those of obstructed rabbits with IntCath. Bladder compliance in the obstructed group was significantly lower than compliance in both control groups and in obstructed rabbits with IntCath. Both obstructed groups exhibited significantly decreased contractile responses to FS, ATP and KCl, compared to control groups. The response of the obstructed group with IntCath to FS and carbachol was significantly greater than the responses of the obstructed group without IntCath.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings show that limiting distension with IntCath reduces the magnitudes of the increased bladder mass, the loss of bladder wall elasticity (compliance), and the impaired contractile responses which occur secondary to outflow obstruction.
authors.affiliation: Division of Basic and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy, New York 12208, USA.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohnishi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Horan
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Levin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000503:physiopathology; D011817:Rabbits; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001748:Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000379:methods*; D014563:Urodynamics