title: Renal bone disease: radiological investigation.
abstract: The bone disease associated with chronic renal impairment is complex and multifactorial, and has changed over past decades. Whereas originally features of vitamin D deficiency (rickets/osteomalacia) and secondary hyperparathroidism (erosions, osteosclerosis, brown cysts) predominated, improvement in management and therapy have resulted in such readiographic features being present in a minority of patients. Metastatic calcification and "adynamic" bone develop as a complication of disease (phosphate retention) and treatment (phosphate binders). New complications (amyloid deposition, noninfective spondyloarthropathy, osteonecrosis) are now seen complicating long-term hemodialysis and/or renal transplantation. Radiographs remain the most important imaging technique, but occasionally other imaging and quantitative techniques (CT, MRI, bone densitometry) are relevant to diagnosis and management.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Radiology, Imaging Science and Biomedical Engineering, University of Manchester, United Kingdom. jadams@fs1.sdr.man.ac.uk
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Adams
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D006961:Hyperparathyroidism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010280:Parathyroid Glands / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011859:Radiography; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
chemical_list: D000535:Aluminum