title: Surgical treatment of aortic arch hypoplasia in infants and children with biventricular hearts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Results of aortic arch reconstruction in the setting of biventricular physiology are well documented in the adult population, however, in children, surgical outcome of this subgroup of patients is less clear.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied the clinical outcomes of 37 children aged 8 days to 15 years (median 26 months), who underwent aortic arch reconstruction for arch hypoplasia from 1982 to 1997. The children were divided into three groups: Group 1 (20 patients) had isolated aortic arch lesions, Group 2 (13 patients) had associated intra-cardiac pathology yet conserving a biventricular physiology, Group 3 (4 patients) had Williams Syndrome. Previous interventions for coarctation had been performed in 30 patients (81%). Arch repair consisted of a patch aortoplasty in the majority of patients (35 of 37 children).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Operative mortality occurred in 5 children, 4 in Group 2 (31%), 1 in Group 3 (25%) and none in Group 1. Permanent neurological complications occurred in 2 children (5 %). During the follow-up, which ranged from 1 month to 8 years, balloon angioplasty for arch obstruction was required in 1 child. There was one late death, associated with a subsequent intra-cardiac repair.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aortic arch surgery in children with isolated arch hypoplasia, is associated with excellent early and late survival in addition to a low reintervention rate. Alternative perfusion and operative strategies must be implemented in infants with associated intra-cardiac anomalies to improve results.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Hospital For Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Poirier
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Van Arsdell
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brindle
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Thyagarajan
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Coles
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Freedom
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017130:Angioplasty; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D001017:Aortic Coarctation / Q000601:surgery; D013504:Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures / Q000401:mortality; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D012086:Reoperation; D015996:Survival Rate