title: [The hierarchical relationships between the organs of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenal system (HHAS) in inflammation].
abstract: The HPA axis is the major system of adaptation to the action of different stressors, including inflammatory agents. The glucocorticoids, the end product of HPA axis prevent the extension of inflammation. In this article we discuss the classic direct and feedback loops in the HPA axis during acute bacterial inflammation. On the basis of literary and own findings we put forward a speculation that different systemic cytokines released one by one during inflammation induce the appearance of new functional relations between the organs of HPA axis. Because of cytokines are involved in the modulation of hormonal sensitivity in the HPA axis the serious modification of direct as well as feedback relations is postulated. On the other hand cytokines and immune cells induce autocrine and paracrine production of cytokines in the HPA axis, that result in autonomization of pituitary and adrenals functions. So, the acute inflammation factors could be seen as "short-time" functional dominants of HPA axis functioning.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Centre of RAMS, Moscow.
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Grinevich
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Poskrebysheva
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Savelov
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Abramova
authors.forename: I G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Akmaev
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology; D005246:Feedback / Q000502:physiology; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000502:physiology; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D009479:Neuropeptides