title: Changes in brain nerve growth factor levels and nerve growth factor receptors in rats exposed to environmental enrichment for one year.
abstract: This study examined the effects of long-term differential rearing on levels of brain nerve growth factor, its receptors, and their relationships to cognitive function. Adult rats (two months old) were placed into either enriched or standard housing conditions where they remained for 12 months. Animals from the enriched condition group had significantly higher levels of nerve growth factor in hippocampus, visual and entorhinal cortices compared with animals housed in isolated condition. Immunohistochemical analysis of brain tissue from the medial septal area revealed higher staining intensity and fibre density with both the low-affinity and the high-affinity nerve growth factor receptors. Enriched rats performed better than isolated rats in acquisition of spatial learning and had lower locomotion scores in the open field. These results provide further evidence that experimental stimulation results in increased production of trophic factors and structural reorganization in specific brain regions known to be involved in cognitive function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Occupational Therapy and Elderly Care Research, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge University Hospital, Sweden.
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ickes
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Albeck
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Söderström
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Granholm
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Mohammed
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000097:blood; D018728:Entorhinal Cortex / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004777:Environment; D006120:Grooming / Q000502:physiology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000502:physiology; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020800:Receptor, Nerve Growth Factor / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D020917:Receptor, trkA / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D012919:Social Behavior; D013037:Spatial Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D020800:Receptor, Nerve Growth Factor; D020917:Receptor, trkA; D003345:Corticosterone