title: The DNA binding-independent function of the glucocorticoid receptor mediates repression of AP-1-dependent genes in skin.
abstract: The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mediates the biological effects of glucocorticoids (GCs) through activation or repression of gene expression, either by DNA binding or via interaction with other transcription factors, such as AP-1. Work in tissue culture cells on the regulation of AP-1-dependent genes, such as collagenase (MMP-13) and stromelysin (MMP-3) has suggested that the antitumor and antiinflammatory activity of GCs is mediated, at least in part, by GR-mediated downmodulation of AP-1. Here, we have identified phorbol ester-induced expression of MMP-3 and MMP-13 in mouse skin as the first example of an in vivo system to measure negative interference between AP-1 and GR in the animal. Cell type-specific induction of these genes by tumor promoters is abolished by GCs. Importantly, this is also the case in GR(dim) mice expressing a DNA binding-defective mutant version of GR. In contrast, the newly identified target genes in skin, plasma glutathione peroxidase and HSP-27, were induced by GC in wild-type, but not in GR(dim) mice. Thus, these data suggest that the DNA binding-independent function of the GR is dispensable for repression of AP-1 activity in vivo and responsible for the antitumor promoting activity of GCs.
authors.affiliation: Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Tuckermann
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Reichardt
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arribas
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schütz
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Angel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017364:Collagenases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000235:genetics; D004794:Enzyme Repression / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D012867:Skin / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; C486113:Hsbp1 protein, mouse; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; C116888:Gpx3 protein, mouse; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D017364:Collagenases; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases; C507081:Mmp13 protein, mouse; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate