title: Seizures induced by penicillin microinjections in the mesencephalic tegmentum.
abstract: The location and extension of a convulsive area in the brain stem in cats was determined through penicillin microinjections (0.5-1.0 microl) of a concentrated sodium penicillin solution (500 IU/microl), stereotactically oriented to multiple structures, in fully awake animals, partially restrained through a rod fixation system that avoided pain, allowed the observation of clinical seizures and simultaneous recording of EEG, EMG and multiple unit activity (MUA) from the injected site and the motor cortex (Cx). Clinical and EEG seizure patterns in relation to the injected sites and penicillin doses were studied in another group of animals using doses from 12.5 IU/0.1 microl to 125 IU/1.0 microl. The time relationship between muscular clonus, EEG spikes and MUA at the injected site and Cx were analyzed. The only area in which penicillin induced seizures was the mesencephalic tegmentum (MT). The amount of penicillin but not the stereotactic coordinates determined the seizure type. MT EEG and MUA paroxysms anticipated clinical seizure and Cx EEG spikes. When Cx EEG appeared, they were accompanied by an increase in MUA beginning in the Cx and EMG, followed by significant increase in MT MUA. The sequence of events suggest that MT seizure activity propagates via alternative pathways not involving direct reticulospinal or pyramidal tract pathways.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Neurology, General Hospital and Children's Hospital SS and Medical Research Department, National Medical Center IMSS, Mexico, Mexico.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jimenez
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Velasco
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carrillo-Ruiz
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Villanueva
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Velasco
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ponce
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects; D004576:Electromyography / Q000187:drug effects; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008845:Microinjections; D010406:Penicillins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D012154:Reticular Formation / Q000502:physiology; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques; D013681:Tegmentum Mesencephali / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D010406:Penicillins