Interactions between dietary fibre, endo-parasites and Lawsonia intracellularis bacteria in grower-finisher pigs.
Samples of faeces and feed were collected from grower and finisher pigs kept on 25 commercial breeder-finisher units in the West-Midlands region of England. Faecal samples were examined for parasite eggs (Ascaris suis, Trichuris suum and strongylid species) using faecal flotation; and for Lawsonia intracellularis bacteria using the polymerase chain reaction. Feed samples were subjected to proximate analysis for energy, protein and fibre content and enzymic colorimetry for levels of non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs). Characteristics relating to housing, feeding and dung disposal systems and husbandry practices were recorded for each farm and assessed for their association with the presence of parasites and L. intracellularis at the herd level. Ascaris eggs were identified in 8% of herds, Trichuris eggs in 20% of herds and in strongylid eggs (Oesophogostomum and/or Hyostrongylus) in 44% of herds. Lawsonia intracellularis was detected in 15% of herds investigated. Herds positive for Trichuris and Ascaris had significantly lower levels of digestible energy and higher levels of neutral detergent fibre, total and insoluble NSPs in their diets than negative herds (p < 0.05). Housing weaners on slatted floors was associated with a significant decreased risk of parasite infection in grower-finishers (odds ratio = 0.09, p = 0.04) compared to housing on solid floors. The use of grower diets high in NSPs was associated with an increased risk of Trichuris infection (odds ratio = 27.6, p = 0.007). There was also an association at the herd level between infection with L. intracellularis and the presence of Trichuris eggs (odds ratio = 17.43, p = 0.069). It is concluded that control of dietary fibre intake (NSPs in particular) for growers and environmental hygiene (dung removal) for weaners appear to be the most important factors controlling parasite infection in grower-finisher pigs in the UK at present. The current move towards more straw based systems is thus likely to exacerbate the influence of these factors and is likely to result in increased parasite infection in grower-finisher pigs in the UK.
Pearce
G P
GP
Animal Science Research Centre, Harper Adams University College, Newport, Shropshire, UK. g.pearce@abdn.ac.uk
D000821:Animal Feed; D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D017165:Ascaris suum / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary*; D007411:Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary; D020639:Lawsonia Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D009348:Nematoda / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D009349:Nematode Infections / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary*; D010270:Parasite Egg Count / Q000662:veterinary; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013320:Strongyloidea / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D014258:Trichuris / Q000302:isolation & purification