title: Synthesis and opioid receptor affinity of morphinan and benzomorphan derivatives: mixed kappa agonists and mu agonists/antagonists as potential pharmacotherapeutics for cocaine dependence.
abstract: This report concerns the synthesis and preliminary pharmacological evaluation of a novel series of kappa agonists related to the morphinan (-)-cyclorphan (3a) and the benzomorphan (-)-cyclazocine (2) as potential agents for the pharmacotherapy of cocaine abuse. Recent evidence suggests that agonists acting at kappa opioid receptors may modulate the activity of dopaminergic neurons and alter the neurochemical and behavioral effects of cocaine. We describe the synthesis and chemical characterization of a series of morphinans 3a-c, structural analogues of cyclorphan [(-)-3-hydroxy-N-cyclopropylmethylmorphinan S(+)-mandelate, 3a], the 10-ketomorphinans 4a,b, and the 8-ketobenzomorphan 1b. Binding experiments demonstrated that the cyclobutyl analogue 3b [(-)-3-hydroxy-N-cyclobutylmethylmorphinan S(+)-mandelate, 3b, MCL-101] of cyclorphan (3a) had a high affinity for mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors in guinea pig brain membranes. Both 3a,b were approximately 2-fold more selective for the kappa receptor than for the mu receptor. However 3b (the cyclobutyl analogue) was 18-fold more selective for the kappa receptor in comparison to the delta receptor, while cyclorphan (3a) had only 4-fold greater affinity for the kappa receptor in comparison to the delta receptor. These findings were confirmed in the antinociceptive tests (tail-flick and acetic acid writhing) in mice, which demonstrated that cyclorphan (3a) produced antinociception that was mediated by the delta receptor while 3b did not produce agonist or antagonist effects at the delta receptor. Both 3a,b had comparable kappa agonist properties. 3a,b had opposing effects at the mu receptor: 3b was a mu agonist whereas 3a was a mu antagonist.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Center, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478-9106, USA. neumeyer@mclean.harvard.edu
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Neumeyer
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bidlack
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zong
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bakthavachalam
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Negus
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Mello
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid; D000818:Animals; D001575:Benzomorphans / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016314:Ethylketocyclazocine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009019:Morphinans / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D009020:Morphine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D017473:Receptors, Opioid, kappa / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001575:Benzomorphans; D009019:Morphinans; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D017473:Receptors, Opioid, kappa; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu; D016314:Ethylketocyclazocine; C012395:ketazocine; D009020:Morphine; D019342:Acetic Acid