title: The total and HDL-cholesterol levels in populations of St. Petersburg (Russia) and Leipzig (Germany).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the early 90s an increase in coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality in post-communist countries was observed. Based on the lipid theory of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, we looked to see whether these changes were accompanied by changes in blood lipid profiles and how lipid levels are related in a post-communist country with a relatively high standard of living (East Germany) and a country still facing economic troubles (Russia).
  
  
  RESULTS
  This investigation was conducted in 1995-1997 by a cooperative program between the Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany and the Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia. The Russian part of the study included 1646 subjects and the German part 3189 subjects. The blood lipids were measured using a dry-chemistry analyzer (Reflotron). Russian and German males had almost the same level of total cholesterol with a significantly lower level of HDL-C in Russians. A significantly lower level of HDL-C was also observed in Russian females. Differences were in range 2-3 mg/dl for males and 8-13 mg/dl for females. In St. Petersburg, almost 40% of all screened young males (age < 30 yr) had hypoalphacholesterolemia. In the St. Petersburg study carried out in 1986-1988, in age group 40-49 years around 6% of those screened had HDL-C lower than 35 mg/dl. In 1995-1997 this number increased to 36%. The number of subjects with HDL-C less than 30 mg/dl in 1986-1988 was only 2.4% and in 1995-1997, 12.3%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a dramatic decrease in HDL-C in the Russian population, probably due to the socioeconomic factors which began to develop after the fall of communist.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Plavinski
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Plavinskaya
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rassoul
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schilow
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Klimov
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005859:Germany, East / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012426:Russia / Q000453:epidemiology; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D002784:Cholesterol