title: Orthodontic, genetic, and periodontal considerations in the treatment of impacted maxillary central incisors: A study of twins.
abstract: Treatment of twins each with one impacted maxillary central incisor and a mesiodens is described. Treatment included rapid expansion, extraction of the mesiodens, surgical exposure of the impacted central incisor, and its forced eruption. The impacted incisor was brought into functional position in one patient but was lost in the other because of insufficient root length and high mobility. Orthodontic, genetic, and periodontal considerations of these 2 cases are evaluated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90089-0641, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brand
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akhavan
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: Y A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Kook
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Zernik
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D004200:Diseases in Twins; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy; D008437:Maxilla; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective; D010155:Palatal Expansion Technique; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy; D012391:Root Resorption / Q000235:genetics; D014081:Tooth Extraction; D014086:Tooth Mobility / Q000235:genetics; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques; D014095:Tooth, Impacted / Q000235:genetics* / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D014096:Tooth, Supernumerary / Q000235:genetics / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome