title: Radiographic measurement of craniocaudal instability in stifle joints of clinically normal dogs and dogs with injury of a cranial cruciate ligament.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine craniocaudal laxity of the stifle joint of dogs when joints were positioned in tibial compression or neutral position.
  
  
  METHODS
  19 normal stifle joints in 10 clinically normal dogs, 29 stifle joints with varying injury to the cranial cruciate ligament (10 complete ruptures alone, 10 complete ruptures with concomitant damage to the medial meniscus, 6 partial ruptures alone, and 3 partial ruptures with concomitant meniscal tearing), and 19 unaffected contralateral stifle joints in those 29 dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Relative displacement of bony landmarks was measured on paired lateral radiographs (neutral and tibial compression positions). Two measuring techniques were customized for use in dogs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The first technique failed to distinguish results in normal stifle joints from those in stifle joints with partial deficiency of cranial cruciate ligaments. Significant differences were found for joints with complete rupture, compared with stifle joints in clinically normal dogs. The second technique detected differences between normal stifle joints and injured joints with partial or complete rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament. Significant differences were not detected between joints with partial versus complete rupture. Adjusting data to account for size of dog did not improve results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A wide range in measurements of laxity was found for stifle joints with intact cranial cruciate ligaments. Differences in degree of damage to the ligament and medial meniscus cannot be deduced from the amount of relative displacement measured on radiographs. Pathologic changes to the cranial cruciate ligament will not necessarily induce detectable changes in laxity of stifle joints in dogs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ghent, Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: de Rooster
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van Bree
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004285:Dogs; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000662:veterinary*; D007794:Lameness, Animal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011859:Radiography; D013264:Stifle / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013679:Technology, Radiologic / Q000662:veterinary; D013977:Tibia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging