title: Effects of glutamine supplementation, GH, and IGF-I on glutamine metabolism in critically ill patients.
abstract: During critical illness glutamine deficiency may develop. Glutamine supplementation can restore plasma concentration to normal, but the effect on glutamine metabolism is unknown. The use of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) to prevent protein catabolism in these patients may exacerbate the glutamine deficiency. We have investigated, in critically ill patients, the effects of 72 h of treatment with standard parenteral nutrition (TPN; n = 6), TPN supplemented with glutamine (TPNGLN; 0.4 g x kg(-1) x day(-1), n = 6), or TPNGLN with combined GH (0.2 IU. kg(-1). day(-1)) and IGF-I (160 microg x kg (-1) x day(-1)) (TPNGLN+GH/IGF-I; n = 5) on glutamine metabolism using [2-(15)N]glutamine. In patients receiving TPNGLN and TPNGLN+GH/IGF-I, plasma glutamine concentration was increased (338 +/- 22 vs. 461 +/- 24 micromol/l, P < 0.001, and 307 +/- 65 vs. 524 +/- 71 micromol/l, P < 0.05, respectively) and glutamine uptake was increased (5.2 +/- 0.5 vs. 7.4 +/- 0.7 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1), P < 0.05 and 5.2 +/- 1.1 vs. 7.6 +/- 0.8 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1), P < 0.05). Glutamine production and metabolic clearance rates were not altered by the three treatments. These results suggest that there is an increased requirement for glutamine in critically ill patients. Combined GH/IGF-I treatment with TPNGLN did not have adverse effects on glutamine metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: P V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Russell-Jones
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Sönksen
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Treacher
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Umpleby
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016638:Critical Illness; D005260:Female; D005973:Glutamine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D008875:Middle Aged; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D010289:Parenteral Nutrition, Total
chemical_list: D005973:Glutamine; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I