title: Triiodothyronine: a link between the insulin resistance syndrome and blood pressure?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Overall obesity is associated with elevated serum triiodothyronine concentrations and insulin resistance. Oral triiodothyronine is known to induce hypertension in laboratory rats, while triiodothyronine also increases the expression of genes encoding for enzymes involved in the synthesis and secretion of insulin by pancreatic beta cells. We investigated the hypothesis that central obesity and insulin resistance are linked with an increased blood pressure and insulin production through elevated free serum triiodothyronine concentrations.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study of 47 healthy euthyroid subjects (17 men, 30 women; 34 +/- 15 years, mean +/- SD).
  
  
  METHODS
  The waist:hip ratio was used as measure of central obesity, and insulin-stimulated glucose disposal during a hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp was used as measure of insulin sensitivity. Insulin production was calculated from the insulin clearance during the clamp and fasting insulin concentrations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Free serum triiodothyronine concentrations correlated, independent of age and gender, positively with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, insulin production and fasting insulin. There was only a borderline significant correlation of free serum triiodothyronine with the waist-to-hip ratio, and no correlation with insulin sensitivity as assessed during the clamp. The correlations of free serum triiodothyronine with blood pressure, insulin production and fasting insulin were independent of the waist:hip ratio and insulin sensitivity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our hypothesis of free serum triiodothyronine as an intermediate factor in the insulin resistance syndrome is refuted by these data, but we identified free serum triiodothyronine concentrations as a new determinant of blood pressure, insulin production, and fasting insulin in healthy euthyroid subjects.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Endocrinology, Reproduction and Metabolism, University Hospital Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. s.j.l.bakker@int.azg.nl
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bakker
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: ter Maaten
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Popp-Snijders
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Heine
authors.forename: R O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Gans
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000503:physiopathology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D005947:Glucose