title: Triple therapy in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori in patients with duodenal ulcer disease: results of a multicentre study in South-East Asia. South-East Asia Multicenter Study Group.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The efficacy of proton pump inhibitor based triple therapy in patients from South-East Asia, where metronidazole resistance is reportedly high, has not been formally assessed in randomized, multicentre trials.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the eradication rates of Helicobacter pylori, ulcer healing rates and side-effects of three regimens of omeprazole triple therapy in patients with duodenal ulcer from South-East Asia and to study the impact of metronidazole resistance.
  
  
  METHODS
  A single blind, randomized parallel group, comparative multicentre study. A total of 246 patients from 15 centres in four South-East Asian countries were randomized to receive OAC (omeprazole 20 mg b.d., amoxycillin 1 g b. d., clarithromycin 500 mg b.d.), OAM (omeprazole 20 mg b.d., amoxycillin 1 g b.d., metronidazole 400 mg b.d.) or OMC (omeprazole 20 mg b.d., metronidazole 400 mg b.d., clarithromycin 500 mg b.d.) for 7 days. After triple therapy, the patients were further randomized to receive either omeprazole or placebo for 7 days. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed before treatment and 4 weeks after treatment. Biopsies for culture and for histopathological examination for H. pylori were taken from corpus and antrum before treatment and 4 weeks after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The eradication rates were intention-to-treat/per protocol (95% CI): OAC 87% (79-94%)/94% (89-100%); OAM 80% (70-89%)/91% (83-98%); OMC 85% (77-93%)/94% (88-100%). The difference in eradication rates between the three groups was not statistically significant (P=0.419). Pre-treatment metronidazole resistance, was found in 34% of isolates and was a significant prognostic factor in patients receiving OAM (odds ratio 5.26) but not in patients receiving OAC or OMC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All three treatment regimens were safe, well tolerated and highly effective for eradication of H. pylori and ulcer healing. Pre-treatment metronidazole resistance reduced the efficacy of OAM but did not affect the efficacy of OMC.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Dept of Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Fock
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chelvam
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Lim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001210:Asia, Southeastern; D001706:Biopsy; D017291:Clarithromycin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial / Q000502:physiology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004381:Duodenal Ulcer / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D009853:Omeprazole / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D016037:Single-Blind Method
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D008795:Metronidazole; D000658:Amoxicillin; D017291:Clarithromycin; D009853:Omeprazole