title: Contemporary diagnosis of retrocaval ureter.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We describe a noninvasive radiologic evaluation of a retrocaval ureter using currently available technology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three-dimensional volume-rendered CT and diuretic renography were performed for evaluation of a possible retrocaval ureter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 3D CT scan definitively diagnosed the retrocaval ureter, while diuretic renography showed no evidence of clinically significant obstruction. No invasive procedures were required.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A 3D volume-rendered CT scan in the excretory phase combined with diuretic renography is the radiologic evaluation of choice for patients with a suspected retrocaval ureter, as it is noninvasive yet highly accurate in its anatomic delineation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44195, USA.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Pienkny
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Herts
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Streem
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004232:Diuretics; D005260:Female; D005665:Furosemide; D006801:Humans; D011866:Radioisotope Renography; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014513:Ureter / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
chemical_list: D004232:Diuretics; D005665:Furosemide