title: Stored red blood cells selectively activate human neutrophils to release IL-8 and secretory PLA2.
abstract: Packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion has been invoked previously with immunosuppression and increased infections, but it has now been demonstrated that stored PRBCs (>14 days) can prime PMNs and provoke multiple organ failure. Recently, the role of PMNs in the genesis of MOF has been extended to their release of inflammatory cytokines, notably IL-1, IL-8, TNFalpha, and secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2). We hypothesize that stored PRBCs can act as a second event via stimulating the release of inflammatory cytokines from PMNs. Isolated human PMNs were incubated for 24 h in RPMI with either 20% fresh plasma or plasma from 42 day old PRBC (day of outdate) and release of IL-8, IL-1beta, TNFalpha, and sPLA2 were measured. Plasma from stored PRBCs contained small amounts of IL-8, sPLA2, and TNFalpha (102.1 +/-5.6 pg/ml, 87.6+/-6.0 pg/ml and 9.7+/-.7 pg/ml). Levels of IL-1beta were below detection (<1 pg/ml). Day 42 PRBC plasma stimulated significant PMN release of both IL-8 and sPLA2 as compared to both control and day 0 plasma (*P < .05), but PRBC plasma did not stimulate PMN release of either IL-1beta or TNFalpha. Transfused blood is emerging as an inflammatory agent that is capable of producing PMN priming. In this study we have demonstrated that PRBC plasma selectively activates PMNs to release both IL-8 and sPLA2. Thus, transfusion of PRBCs may represent a preventable inflammatory insult via modification of both blood banking and transfusion practices.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Denver Health Medical Center and University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, 80204, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zallen
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Ciesla
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Biffl
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Silliman
mesh_terms: D001793:Blood Preservation; D002450:Cell Communication; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D054501:Group II Phospholipases A2; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D010741:Phospholipases A / Q000097:blood*; D054467:Phospholipases A2; D010949:Plasma
chemical_list: D016209:Interleukin-8; D010741:Phospholipases A; D054501:Group II Phospholipases A2; D054467:Phospholipases A2