title: Monochloramine enhances Fas (APO-1/CD95)-induced apoptosis in Jurkat T cells.
abstract: Monochloramine derivatives are physiological oxidants produced by activated neutrophils. We report the effects of chemically prepared monochloramine (NH2Cl) on Fas-induced apoptosis in Jurkat T cells. When the cells were pretreated with NH2Cl (20-70 microM), subsequent addition of apoptosis-inducing anti-Fas antibody resulted in a synergistic enhancement of apoptosis. Treatment of NH2Cl (50-70 microM) alone resulted in a slight but definite apoptosis. Caspase activities, as measured by DEVD and IETD cleavage activities, were also elevated synergistically by NH2Cl + anti-Fas antibody stimulation. Moreover, a broad caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-fmk, almost completely inhibited the apoptosis induced by NH2Cl and/or anti-Fas antibody. Fas expression on the Jurkat cell surface was not affected by the NH2Cl treatment. After 3 h of NH2Cl treatment, when the apoptosis was beginning to increase, the cells showed cytochrome c release from mitochondria, proteolytic activation of caspase 9, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, regardless of Fas stimulation. Z-VAD-fmk almost completely inhibited this poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, but not cytochrome c release. By contrast, Fas stimulation alone resulted in neither cytochrome c release nor caspase 9 activation at 3 h, and the increase in the DEVD cleavage activity and apoptosis became evident at later time points. These results suggested that NH2Cl enhanced Fas-induced apoptosis through the cytochrome c release and caspase 9 activation at the early stage of apoptosis. Chloramines derived from acute inflammation may modify immune reactions, such as cell-mediated cytotoxicity and some autoimmune diseases, by the enhancement of Fas-induced apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Okayama University Medical School, Japan. togino@med.okayama-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogino
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Than
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Omori
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okada
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D002700:Chloramines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D002700:Chloramines; D019014:fas Receptor; C030816:chloramine