title: Volumetric object modeling for surgical simulation.
abstract: Surgical simulation has many applications in medical education, surgical training, surgical planning and intra-operative assistance. However, extending current surface-based computer graphics methods to model phenomena such as the deformation, cutting, tearing or repairing of soft tissues poses significant challenges for real-time interactions. This paper discusses the use of volumetric methods for modeling complex anatomy and tissue interactions. New techniques are introduced that use volumetric methods for modeling soft-tissue deformation and tissue cutting at interactive rates. An initial prototype for simulating arthroscopic knee surgery is described which uses volumetric models of the knee derived from 3-D magnetic resonance imaging, visual feedback via real-time volume and polygon rendering, and haptic feedback provided by a force-feedback device.
authors.affiliation: MERL, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. gibson@merl.com
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fyock
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grimson
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanade
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kikinis
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lauer
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: McKenzie
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mor
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohkami
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Osborne
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Samosky
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sawada
mesh_terms: D001182:Arthroscopy; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D014741:Video Recording