title: Non-enzymatic reduction of azo dyes by NADH.
abstract: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) reduces a variety of azo dyes by four electrons to generate the corresponding aromatic amines. This reduction is pH-dependent and increases with decreasing pH. Reduction of 4-(4'-sulfophenylazo)-phenol and 2-(4'-sulfophenylazo)-phenol, specifically substituted with methyl, methoxy, halo, and nitro groups, was examined to determine the susceptibility of azo dyes to reduction by NADH. Except for the nitro-substituted azo dyes, all other azo dyes were reduced. Possible mechanisms of reduction are proposed. The implications of our findings to microbial degradation and mammalian metabolism of azo dyes are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Graduate Institute of Science and Technology, Portland 97291-1000, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Renganathan
mesh_terms: D000588:Amines / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008322:Mammals; D009243:NAD; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D001391:Azo Compounds; D004396:Coloring Agents; D009243:NAD