title: Characterization of the 5'-flanking region of the human dopamine transporter gene.
abstract: The dopamine transporter (DAT) plays a major role in modulating dopamine (DA) neurotransmission by controlling the levels of this neurotransmitter in the extracellular space. We have isolated 8.3 kb of the 5'-flanking regulatory region of the human DAT (hDAT) gene and identified numerous potential elements involved in transcriptional control of the DAT. A series of hDAT-luciferase reporter constructs encompassing increasing amounts of 5'-flanking sequence was utilized in transient transfection assays assessing basal activity and response to selected stimuli. Our results suggest that the proximal hDAT 5'-flanking region displays a strong, nonselective promoter activity that is silenced through regulatory elements present in the distal portion of the 5'-flanking sequence. Although potential cyclic AMP responsive elements (CRE) were identified on the sequence, hDAT constructs were unresponsive to cyclic AMP induction. The transcription factor nurr1 increases the transcriptional activity of several larger hDAT constructs, consistent with the presence of several putative NGFI-B response elements (NBRE). The cloning and functional analysis of an extensive portion of the 5'-flanking regulatory region of the hDAT gene provides further insights into the factors involved in the regulation of this gene.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 2309 Scott Hall, 540 E. Canfield Ave, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sacchetti
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Brownschidle
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Granneman
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bannon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002460:Cell Line; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D006801:Humans; D008156:Luciferases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D057105:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1; D057126:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2; D016716:PC12 Cells; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D011987:Receptors, Steroid; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid / Q000235:genetics*; D020218:Response Elements / Q000235:genetics; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; C539821:NR4A1 protein, human; C539882:NR4A2 protein, human; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C539820:Nr4a1 protein, rat; C539884:Nr4a2 protein, rat; D057105:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1; D057126:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D011987:Receptors, Steroid; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C493214:SLC6A3 protein, human; C493216:Slc6a3 protein, rat; D014157:Transcription Factors; D005576:Colforsin; D004247:DNA; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D008156:Luciferases