title: Smoking habits in multiple system atrophy and progressive supranuclear palsy. European Study Group on Atypical Parkinsonisms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate smoking habits in patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) in a multicenter case-control study to determine whether these two forms of atypical parkinsonism share the inverse association with smoking previously found in PD.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  No epidemiologic studies have been performed on smoking habits in MSA. A previous investigation in PSP revealed no differences in smoking habits between patients and hospital control subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-six MSA patients, 55 PSP patients, 140 PD patients, and 134 healthy control subjects were enrolled consecutively at seven neurologic clinics from January 1, 1994, to July 31, 1998. Detailed information on smoking habits was obtained using a structured questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The comparison between frequencies of never-smokers versus ever-smokers (ex-smokers/current smokers; adjusted odds ratio [ORadj], 0.56; 95% CI, 0.29 to 1.06) and a dose-response analysis for never-smokers, moderate smokers (ORadj, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.31 to 1.32), and heavy smokers (ORadj, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.21 to 1.05) suggest that MSA patients smoke less than population control subjects. By contrast, the comparison of frequencies of never-smokers versus ever-smokers (ORadj, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.42 to 1.98) and a dose-response analysis for never-smokers, moderate smokers (ORadj, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.27 to 1.69), and heavy smokers (ORadj, 1.24; CI 95%, 0.51 to 3.06) revealed no differences in smoking habits between PSP patients and population control subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The fact that the inverse association with smoking found previously in PD is shared by multiple system atrophy but not by progressive supranuclear palsy lends epidemiologic support to the notion that different smoking habits are associated with different groups of neurodegenerative disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vanacore
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bonifati
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fabbrini
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Colosimo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marconi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nicholl
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bonuccelli
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Stocchi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lamberti
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Volpe
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Michele
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Iavarone
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vieregge
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Meco
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019578:Multiple System Atrophy / Q000523:psychology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000523:psychology*; D012907:Smoking; D013494:Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive / Q000523:psychology*