title: Drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a four years experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence of drug resistance amongst the clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four first line anti-tuberculosis drugs, isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RIF), ethambutol (ETH) and streptomycin (STR) were tested on 300 isolates from clinical samples, by agar dilution method on Lowenstein Jensen medium. The sensitivities were interpreted by the resistance ratio method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and fifty eight (52.66%) isolates were found resistant to one drug at least. Among the resistant isolates, 79 (26.33%) were resistant to INH, 72 (24.0%) to RIF, 84 (28.0%) to STR and 70 (23.33%) to ETH with or without resistance to other drugs. Multi-drug resistance (MDR) was found in 41 isolates (13.66%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To overcome this problem there is a need to establish centres at a number of places all over the country with professionals trained to handle the emerging problem of MDR. Each centre must be equipped with adequate facilities for susceptibility testing so that the resistance pattern can be ascertained and treatment regimens tailored accordingly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Karamat
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rafi
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Abbasi
mesh_terms: D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D015995:Prevalence