Assertiveness among Japanese, Malaysian, Filipino, and U.S. white-collar workers.
The author investigated modes of self-expression as they reflect the quality of assertiveness among Japanese, Malaysian, Filipino, and U.S. white-collar workers. The author collected respondents' answers to a questionnaire consisting of 33 items involving assertiveness related to modes of expression typical of the Japanese people. Several modes of expression considered specific to the Japanese people--styles of group-oriented behavior, younger people's courtesy toward older people, and the deference of the individual to group consensus--were also found among the Malaysian and the Filipino respondents. These behaviors were in contrast to those observed among the U.S. respondents.
Niikura
R
R
International Student Center, Chiba University, Chiba-shi, Japan. ryoko@isc.chiba-u.ac.jp
D000328:Adult; D001242:Assertiveness; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003469:Culture; D004651:Employment; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008296:Malaysia; D008297:Male; D010679:Philippines; D014481:United States