title: Labeling of the glucocorticoid receptor and Na,K-ATPase in a rat otitis media model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Glucocorticoid hormones exert an influence on the inflammatory response of the middle ear during acute otitis media. Rats with experimentally induced purulent otitis media were given either glucocorticoid hormones in excess or a glucocorticoid hormone blocker that deprived the animals of the hormone.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Acute otitis media is a common inflammatory disease among children. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most usual causative agent. The standard treatment today is phenoxymethylpenicillin. The role of glucocorticoid hormones in inflammatory reactions in the middle ear has been widely debated.
  
  
  METHODS
  In an otitis media model, a suspension of pneumococci was inoculated into the bulla of the rat, after the animals were pretreated with either a dose of corticosteroid hormones or the glucocorticoid receptor blocking agent RU 486. Rats with induction of otitis media only, but no pretreatment, were used as control subjects, as were the left control-operated ears of all rats. The inflammatory response in the inner ear and in the middle ear was evaluated. The presence of glucocorticoid receptors and the enzyme Na,K-ATPase was investigated with immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The inflammatory response in the animals with untreated otitis media and in the group with otitis media in rats pretreated with the receptor blocker was much more extensive than in the group of animals pretreated with corticosteroids. In the corticosteroid-treated group, the tympanic membrane and the mucous membrane of the middle ear were less edematous, but the middle ear cavity contained more pus. Only a few lymphocytes were found in the inner ears of these rats. When the inner ear was labeled with antibodies against glucocorticoid receptors, there seemed to be no difference between the labeling patterns in the three groups. This was also the case for antibody labeling against Na,K-ATPase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results indicate that the reaction in the middle ear mucous membrane is more pronounced in rats that had been pretreated with the hormone receptor blocking drug. An increase of corticosteroid hormone levels during the inflammatory process seem to diminish the reaction in the tympanic membrane and the middle ear mucosa. Neither the hormone receptor blocking drug nor the steroid hormones change the content of glucocorticoid receptors and Na,K-ATPase in the inner ear in the otitis media rat model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hultcrantz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Erichsen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rylander
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stierna
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bagger-Sjöbäck
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004348:Drug Labeling; D007758:Ear, Inner / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D004432:Ear, Middle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D006727:Hormone Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques / Q000379:methods; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D015735:Mifepristone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D010035:Otitis Media, Suppurative / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000187:drug effects*; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000378:metabolism*; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D006727:Hormone Antagonists; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid; D015735:Mifepristone; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase