title: Evaluation of a single dose of diphtheria toxoid among adults in the Republic of Georgia, 1995: immunogenicity and adverse reactions.
abstract: To determine the immunogenicity and safety of a single dose of diphtheria toxoid among adults, blood samples for detecting serum antitoxin levels were obtained from 18- to 59-year-old subjects (n=248) before and 30 days after immunization with Td (tetanus-diphtheria toxoids; manufactured by Serum Institute of India). By day 30, the seroprevalence of antitoxin levels >/=0.1 IU/mL increased from 22.6% to 81.5%; median antitoxin levels increased from 0.01 to 4.0 IU/mL. These parameters were lowest among subjects who were 40-59 years old, especially among those 40-49 years old. Adverse reactions (local redness, swelling, induration, fever>39 degrees C) were reported by 5.3% of participants. Our findings suggest that, in general, one dose of the Indian-produced Td vaccine is efficacious and safe in inducing an adequate immune response against diphtheria in adults; however, in Georgia, persons 40-59 years old, especially those 40-49 years old, will require additional doses of toxoid to achieve protective levels of antitoxin.
authors.affiliation: Tbilisi Office of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tbilisi, Georgia and National Immunization Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. nck7@cdc.gov
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khetsuriani
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Music
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Deforest
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Sutter
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D004165:Diphtheria / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004166:Diphtheria Antitoxin / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D004168:Diphtheria Toxoid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D005846:Georgia (Republic); D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D004166:Diphtheria Antitoxin; D004168:Diphtheria Toxoid