title: Sexual attraction in the silkworm moth: structure of the pheromone-binding-protein-bombykol complex.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Insects use volatile organic molecules to communicate messages with remarkable sensitivity and specificity. In one of the most studied systems, female silkworm moths (Bombyx mori) attract male mates with the pheromone bombykol, a volatile 16-carbon alcohol. In the male moth's antennae, a pheromone-binding protein conveys bombykol to a membrane-bound receptor on a nerve cell. The structure of the pheromone-binding protein, its binding and recognition of bombykol, and its full role in signal transduction are not known.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The three-dimensional structure of the B. mori pheromone-binding protein with bound bombykol has been determined by X-ray diffraction at 1.8 A resolution.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pheromone binding protein of B. mori has six helices, and bombykol binds in a completely enclosed hydrophobic cavity formed by four antiparallel helices. Bombykol is bound in this cavity through numerous hydrophobic interactions, and sequence alignments suggest critical residues for specific pheromone binding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-1301, USA.
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Sandler
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nikonova
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Leal
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Clardy
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D012831:Bombyx / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology; D003460:Crystallization; D005233:Fatty Alcohols / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010675:Pheromones / Q000378:metabolism; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D012724:Sex Attractants / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005233:Fatty Alcohols; D010675:Pheromones; D012724:Sex Attractants; C006787:bombykol