title: Differential expression of multiple unexpected genes during U937 cell and macrophage differentiation detected by suppressive subtractive hybridization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to identify new markers of myelomonocytic differentiation using a sensitive technique that permits detection of rare differential gene expression.
  
  
  METHODS
  [corrected] Suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH) was performed between the human myelomonocytic U937 cell line and 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and transforming growth factor beta 1 differentiated U937 cells. cDNA clones with significant increased expression in differentiated U937 cells over nondifferentiated U937 cells were characterized by sequencing. [corrected] The pattern of differential gene expression obtained by SSH was confirmed by cDNA Southern and Northern blots on the undifferentiated vs. differentiated U937 cells, and by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction on undifferentiated human CD34(+) stem cells isolated from bone marrow vs. peripheral blood CD14(+) mature monocytes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven cDNAs never associated with in vitro U937 cell myelomonocytic differentiation (prolactin, 11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase [11 beta-HSD)] haptoglobin alpha (2FS)-beta precursor, GLIPR, RTVP, the RNA helicase P68, and spermidine-spermine N1-acetyltransferase) were identified. The first five of these genes previously were associated with immune function and the last two are important for intermediary metabolism. Differential expression was confirmed in CD34(+)/CD14(+) monocyte differentiation for all genes but 11 beta-HSD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We identified six new markers of U937 cell differentiation, which also are differentially expressed during normal human myelomonocytic differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Texas Children's Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston 77030, USA.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Gingras
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Margolin
mesh_terms: D000123:Acetyltransferases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017398:Alternative Splicing; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000276:immunology*; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization / Q000379:methods; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020298:U937 Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000099228:Diamine N-Acetyltransferase; D000097382:CD68 Molecule
chemical_list: D000123:Acetyltransferases; D015703:Antigens, CD; D018952:Antigens, CD34; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000099228:Diamine N-Acetyltransferase; C067980:CD68 antigen, human; D000097382:CD68 Molecule; C094538:GLIPR1 protein, human