title: Disease-modifying activity of SB 242235, a selective inhibitor of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, in rat adjuvant-induced arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of SB 242235, a potent and selective inhibitor of p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, on joint integrity in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Lewis rats with AIA were orally treated either prophylactically (days 0-20) or therapeutically (days 10-20) with SB 242235. Efficacy was determined by measurements of paw inflammation, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry for bone-mineral density (BMD), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), microcomputed tomography (CT), and histologic evaluation. Serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) in normal (non-AIA) rats and serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in rats with AIA were measured as markers of the antiinflammatory effects of the compound.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SB 242235 inhibited lipopolysaccharide-stimulated serum levels of TNFalpha in normal rats, with a median effective dose of 3.99 mg/kg. When SB 242235 was administered to AIA rats prophylactically on days 0-20, it inhibited paw edema at 30 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg per day by 56% and 33%, respectively. Therapeutic administration on days 10-20 was also effective, and inhibition of paw edema was observed at 60, 30, and 10 mg/kg (73%, 51%, and 19%, respectively). Significant improvement in joint integrity was demonstrated by showing normalization of BMD and also by MRI and micro-CT analysis. Protection of bone, cartilage, and soft tissues was also shown histologically. Serum IL-6 levels were decreased in AIA rats treated with the 60 mg/kg dose of compound.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Symptoms of AIA in rats were significantly reduced by both prophylactic and therapeutic treatment with the p38 MAP kinase inhibitor, SB 242235. Results from measurements of paw inflammation, assessment of BMD, MRI, and micro-CT indicate that this compound exerts a protective effect on joint integrity, and thus appears to have disease-modifying properties.
authors.affiliation: SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, USA.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Badger
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Griswold
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kapadia
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blake
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Swift
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Stroup
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Rieman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gowen
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Boehm
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology; D001175:Arthrography; D015519:Bone Density; D005121:Extremities; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D013643:Tarsus, Animal; D013977:Tibia; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D007093:Imidazoles; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D011725:Pyridines; C403289:SB 242235; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases