title: Serum leptin concentrations during the menstrual cycle in normal-weight women: effects of an oral triphasic estrogen-progestin medication.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate in normal-weight premenopausal women the relationship between circulating leptin and serum gonadotropins and gonadal steroids, during both spontaneous and pharmacologically induced menstrual cycles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical longitudinal study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two groups of age-matched, normal-weight premenopausal volunteer women (groups I and II) were enrolled in this study. Women in group I were free of any hormonal treatment, while women in group II were taking a triphasic estrogen--progestin contraceptive preparation. Blood samples were collected daily in both groups after an overnight fast throughout a complete menstrual cycle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the spontaneously cycling women, serum leptin concentration positively correlated with estradiol (P<0.03) and progesterone (P<0. 05) and was higher in the luteal than in the follicular phase (P<0. 05). However, a significant (P<0.03) short-lasting increase in circulating leptin was present in the late follicular phase of all subjects. In the women using hormonal contraception serum leptin remained unchanged throughout the cycle, along with constantly low values of circulating luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In normal-weight premenopausal women serum leptin concentrations differ during the menstrual cycle in line with changes in gonadotropin and gonadal steroid concentrations, increasing in the luteal phase of the cycle after a peri-ovulatory peak. These findings suggest a permissive role for leptin with regard to the functioning of the corpus luteum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Scienze Endocrinologiche e Metaboliche (DiSEM), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV-6, 16132 Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cella
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giordano
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cordera
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001835:Body Weight; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D004967:Estrogens / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D005498:Follicular Phase / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000097:blood*; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D011372:Progestins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004967:Estrogens; D020738:Leptin; D011372:Progestins; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone