title: Clinical assessment of a breast mass: a case study.
abstract: The estimated 180,300 new cases of breast cancer that were diagnosed in the United States during 1998 represent only a small percentage of the breast masses discovered by women and their healthcare providers during the same year. Almost half of women who have regular menstrual cycles will experience a breast mass during their reproductive years; and from 50% to 90% of all women will encounter fibrocystic breast changes. Imaging (ultrasound and mammography) and manual palpation have been demonstrated to be the most useful methods of breast mass detection and evaluation. A woman's age and reproductive status are factors to be considered in the selection of a protocol for the clinical assessment of a breast mass. While a suspicious lesion warrants immediate physician referral, nurse practitioners have important roles to play in the identification, documentation, and appropriate follow-up of breast masses.
authors.affiliation: West Virginia University School of Nursing, Morgantown, USA. nleslie@wvu.edu
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Leslie
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Leight
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004282:Documentation; D005260:Female; D005348:Fibrocystic Breast Disease / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D009722:Nurse Practitioners; D009730:Nursing Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D010808:Physical Examination