title: Tonic blocking action of meperidine on Na+ and K+ channels in amphibian peripheral nerves.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Among opioids, meperidine (pethidine) also shows local anesthetic activity when applied locally to peripheral nerve fibers and has been used for this effect in the clinical setting for regional anesthesia. This study investigated the blocking effects of meperidine on different ion channels in peripheral nerves.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experiments were conducted using the outside-out configuration of the patch-clamp method applied to enzymatically prepared peripheral nerve fibers of Xenopus laevis. Half-maximal inhibiting concentrations were determined for Na+ channels and different K+ channels by nonlinear least-squares fitting of concentration-inhibition curves, assuming a one-to-one reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Externally applied meperidine reversibly blocked all investigated channels in a concentration-dependent manner, i.e., voltage-activated Na+ channel (half-maximal inhibiting concentration, 164 microM), delayed rectifier K+ channels (half-maximal inhibiting concentration, 194 microM), the calcium-activated K+ channel (half-maximal inhibiting concentration, 161 microM), and the voltage-independent flicker K+ channel (half-maximal inhibiting concentration, 139 microM). Maximal block in high concentrations of meperidine reached 83% for delayed rectifier K+ channels and 100% for all other channels. Meperidine blocks the Na+ channel in the same concentration range as the local anesthetic agent lidocaine (half-maximal inhibiting concentration, 172 microM) but did not compete for the same binding site as evaluated by competition experiments. Low concentrations of meperidine (1 nM to 1 microM) showed no effects on Na+ channels. The blockade of Na+ and delayed rectifier K+ channels could not be antagonized by the addition of naloxone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is concluded that meperidine has a nonselective inhibitory action on Na+ and K+ channels of amphibian peripheral nerve. For tonic Na+ channel block, neither an opioid receptor nor the the local anesthetic agent binding site is the target site for meperidine block.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany. meb@anesthesiology.de
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Bräu
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hempelmann
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D008614:Meperidine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D010525:Peripheral Nerves / Q000187:drug effects*; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000187:drug effects*; D015222:Sodium Channels / Q000187:drug effects*; D014982:Xenopus laevis
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D015221:Potassium Channels; D015222:Sodium Channels; D008012:Lidocaine; D008614:Meperidine