title: True-lumen collapse in aortic dissection: part I. Evaluation of causative factors in phantoms with pulsatile flow.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the causative factors in true-lumen collapse in a model of aortic dissection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Phantoms with an aortic arch, true and false lumina with abdominal branch vessels, and a distal bifurcation were used to model a Stanford type B aortic dissection. The effects of anatomic factors (entry-tear size, branch-vessel flow distribution, fenestrations, distal reentry communication) and physiologic factors (peripheral resistance in the branch vessels, pump output and rate, vascular compliance) on true-lumen collapse were investigated. The morphology of the true lumen was observed. Branch pressures and flow rates were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  True-lumen collapse was induced and was exacerbated by an increase in the size of the entry tear, a decrease in the false-lumen outflow caused by occluding the false-lumen branch vessels, and an increase in the true-lumen outflow caused by lowering the peripheral resistance in true-lumen branch vessels. Two kinds of true-lumen collapse depended on pump output. With low pump output and low outflow resistance from the true lumen, the true lumen collapsed. With high pump output and low inflow resistance in the false lumen, the true lumen was compressed. Distal reentry communication between the true and false limbs was more effective than aortic fenestrations in preventing true-lumen collapse.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  True-lumen collapse in this dissection model strongly depends on the difference in the ratios of inflow capacity to outflow capacity in the true and false lumina. Both anatomic and physiologic factors can affect true-lumen collapse.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular-Interventional Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford Vascular Center, CA 94304-5105, USA.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Elkins
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vestring
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Semba
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Slonim
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Dake
mesh_terms: D000784:Aortic Dissection / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001014:Aortic Aneurysm / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011673:Pulsatile Flow / Q000502:physiology*