title: IOIBD questionnaire on the clinical use of azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, cyclosporin A and methotrexate in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To obtain information on the clinical experience with azathioprine (AZA), 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP), cyclosporin A (CyA) and methotrexate (MTX) in the treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by gastroenterologists and internists in different countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire designed by the International Organization for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IOIBD) was mailed to 300 gastroenterologists, living in North America (n = 76) and Europe (n = 224) (12 countries), to obtain information on clinical experience.
  
  
  METHODS
  More than half of the respondents (168/298; 56.4%) worked in university hospitals and 58/298 (19.5%) in general (non-university) hospitals. Two-thirds (65%) had more than 10 years' experience in gastroenterology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The respondents had personal experience with AZA (88.4%), 6-MP (33.3%), CyA (48.7%) and MTX (36.3%). AZA was prescribed more frequently in Europe (92.6%) than in North America (74.2%) (P = 0.0002), 6-MP less frequently by the European than the North American respondents (23.8 and 53.3% respectively, P = 0.0001). Two-thirds (69.7%) usually prescribed AZA together with steroids to Crohn's disease patients; 62.4% of the respondents prescribed AZA for periods longer than 24 months. For ulcerative colitis, 77.9% had experience with AZA (Europe > North America, P = 0.0001). AZA had been prescribed by 69 respondents to pregnant patients, without apparent toxicity. Acute pancreatitis had been observed after AZA by 56.7% respondents; 25 malignancies were mentioned (six lymphoma, three leukaemia, three colon cancer, four renal carcinoma, nine others). CyA had been prescribed in acute ulcerative colitis by 140/291 respondents (North America 45.1%, Europe 49.1 %); of all respondents 63.9% treated < 5 patients with CyA, 36.1% 6-20 cases. CyA results were considered good in 29.5%, acceptable but with recurrences in 58.6%, and poor in 14.3%. MTX was prescribed in North America by 47.8% of the respondents, and by 33.9% in Europe (not significant). Several significant differences were observed between the prescription behaviour of respondents working at university hospitals and non-university hospitals, in particular in relation to participation in clinical trials.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Considerable experience exists in the use of immunosuppressive therapy in IBD; however, differential prescription behaviour exists in the choice of immunosuppressives between North America and Europe. These IOIBD study results may contribute to a better insight in the daily use of immunosuppressive agents in IBD by gastroenterologists and other specialists.
authors.affiliation: International Organization for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. sgm.meuwissen@azvu.nl
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Meuwissen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ewe
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gassull
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Geboes
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jewell
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pallone
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rachmilewitz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rask-Madsen
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Riddell
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Sandborn
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Schmuck
mesh_terms: D001379:Azathioprine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005762:Gastroenterology; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007388:Internal Medicine; D008297:Male; D015122:Mercaptopurine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009656:North America / Q000453:epidemiology; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D015122:Mercaptopurine; D001379:Azathioprine; D008727:Methotrexate