title: Precision of quantitative ultrasound measurement of the heel bone and effects of ambient temperature on the parameters.
abstract: The goal of this study was to determine the magnitude of measurement error of a quantitative ultrasound (QUS) measurement system of the heel bone in a practical setting and to examine the effects of ambient temperature in the test room on QUS parameters. We assessed the intratest, intertest and interdevice coefficients of variation (CVs) for speed of sound (SOS), broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and stiffness in vitro using phantoms and in vivo using volunteers. The intratest CV was the smallest and the interdevice CV was the greatest for every QUS parameter. The intertest CVs in vivo were 0.50% for SOS, 2.53% for BUA and 4.38% for stiffness. The standardized precision error (sPE) of stiffness, however, was smaller than those of the other two parameters. The intertest sPEs in vivo of the QUS parameters were 2-3 times greater than that of the spine bone mineral density (BMD) as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Using an average of duplicate measurements for the representative value of a subject could improve sPE of the QUS parameters to around 2 times greater than that of spine BMD. We examined five phantoms each with the QUS system under the ambient temperature conditions of 10, 20 and 30 degrees C. The lower the room temperature, the greater the values of all the QUS parameters obtained. We then assessed the effect of the season on the QUS parameters in healthy five women. SOS and stiffness were significantly greater in February (room temperature, 12.6 degrees C) than in June (22.4 degrees C) by 0.74% and 3.2% of overall means, respectively, by 10.1% and 4.3% as a standardized difference, or by 0.422 and 0.214 in Z-scores. This difference was likely to be caused by the difference in heel temperature between the seasons. The precision of the QUS system was inferior to that of conventional DXA densitometry. We recommend that institutions using several QUS system devices throughout the year at various locations monitor the precision of each device, make duplicate measurements for a single subject, use the same device for each patient being followed, and control the heel temperature of subjects by keeping the test room temperature constant throughout the year.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iki
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kajita
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mitamura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishino
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamagami
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nagahama
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D002111:Calcaneus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D013696:Temperature; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000295:instrumentation