title: Influence of tissue characteristics at margins on leakage of Class II indirect porcelain restorations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the sealing ability of Class II porcelain inlays with margins placed in cementum-dentin and enamel, luted by two new different cementing materials.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty extracted molars, free from caries and restorations, were selected. The sample cavities were prepared in a standardized manner and then were divided in three groups (n = 10) at random. Group 1: The cervical margin was located 1 mm below the CEJ and the inlays were luted with EBS Multi (Espe) bonding system in combination with Compolute 1.0 Aplicap (CLA 1.0, Espe) experimental resin cement. Group 2: The cervical margin was placed 1 mm below the CEJ and Syntac bonding system (Vivadent) and Variolink II resin cement (Vivadent) were used. Group 3: The cervical margin was placed 0.5 mm above the CEJ and the same materials selected for Group 1 were used. IPS-Empress (Ivoclar) inlays were made following manufacturer's instructions. After luting procedures and 2500 thermal cycles (5 degrees and 55 degrees C), the samples were processed and evaluated for marginal leakage at cervical and occlusal site. Samples of Group 3 were first sectioned in the center of the restorations as in Group 1 and 2 and scored (Group 3A) and then two other cuts were made along the buccal and lingual areas (Group 3B) and also scored. After scoring dye penetration of Group 1 and 2 samples, half of the sections were randomly selected to evaluate: (1) resin cement thickness, (2) Hybrid layer formation at the interface between adhesive material and dental substrate and (3) to observe the morphology of the Class II cavity margins. The leakage data were statistically evaluated with the Mann-Whitney U test (P < 0.5).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistically significant differences were found between Groups 3A and 3B at the occlusal site, and not at the cervical site. Samples of Group 1 showed a cement thickness of 92 microns, and 68 microns in Group 2. Hybrid layer and resin tag formation was evident in Group 1. In Group 2 samples, the hybrid layer formation was less evident and thinner than in Group 1. At cervical margins, an outer layer, not identifiable as sound dentin, of 200-300 microns thick, was noted. This layer was present in all three groups between outer margin and sound dentin. The margins located both cervically and axially in enamel mainly showed prisms cut along their long axis and a low level of structured etch pattern.
authors.affiliation: md3972@mclink.it
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fabianelli
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Cagidiaco
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kugel
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Davidson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003737:Dental Cavity Preparation; D003739:Dental Cementum; D003743:Dental Enamel; D003763:Dental Leakage; D018772:Dental Marginal Adaptation; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D003804:Dentin; D006801:Humans; D007284:Inlays; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008875:Middle Aged; D008963:Molar; D019279:Resin Cements; D019237:Tooth Cervix
chemical_list: D019279:Resin Cements; C078484:Syntac dentine adhesive; D003776:Dental Porcelain; C103502:Variolink