title: Effects of hypoxia and glutathione depletion on hemoglobin- and myoglobin-mediated oxidative stress toward endothelium.
abstract: We investigated the toxicity of hemoglobin/myoglobin on endothelial cells under oxidative stress conditions that include cellular hypoxia and reduced antioxidant capacity. Bovine aorta endothelial cells (BAECs), grown on microcarrier beads, were subjected to cycles of hypoxia and reoxygenation in a small volume of medium, and endothelial cell monolayers were depleted of their intracellular glutathione (GSH) by treatment with buthionine sulfoximine. Incubation of diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin (DBBF-Hb) or horse skeletal myoglobin (Mb) with BAECs subjected to 3 h of hypoxia caused transient oxidation of the hemoproteins to the ferryl form (Fe(4+)). Formation of the ferryl intermediate was decreased in a concentration-dependent manner by the addition of L-arginine, a substrate of NO synthase, after 3 h of hypoxia. Optimal inhibition of ferryl formation, possibly due to the antioxidant action of NO, was achieved with 900 microM L-arginine. Addition of hydrogen peroxide to GSH-depleted cells in the presence of DBBF-Hb or Mb significantly decreased cell viability. Ferryl Mb, but not ferryl DBBF-Hb, was observed in samples analyzed at the end of treatment, which may explain the greater toxicity observed with Mb as opposed to DBBF-Hb. This model may be utilized to identify causative agent(s) associated with hemoprotein cytotoxicity and in designing strategies to suppress or control heme-mediated injury under physiologically relevant conditions.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plasma Derivatives, Division of Hematology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 29, Rm. 112, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: D'Agnillo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Porras
authors.forename: V W
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Macdonald
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Alayash
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001241:Aspirin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D002417:Cattle; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000172:deficiency*; D006441:Hemoglobin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D009211:Myoglobin / Q000494:pharmacology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D013053:Spectrophotometry
chemical_list: D009211:Myoglobin; C103813:bis(3,5-dibromosalicyl)fumarate-crosslinked hemoglobin A(0); D006441:Hemoglobin A; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D005978:Glutathione; D001241:Aspirin