title: Mental disorders and use of cardiovascular procedures after myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A number of studies have found race- and sex-based differences in rates of cardiovascular procedures in the United States. Similarly, mental disorders might be expected to be associated with lower rates of such procedures on the basis of clinical, socioeconomic, patient, and provider factors.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether having a comorbid mental disorder is associated with a lower likelihood of cardiac catheterization and/or revascularization after acute myocardial infarction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study using data from medical charts and administrative files as part of the Cooperative Cardiovascular Project.
  
  
  METHODS
  Acute care nongovernmental hospitals in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  National cohort of 113653 eligible patients 65 years or older who were hospitalized for confirmed acute myocardial infarction between February 1994 and July 1995.
  
  
  METHODS
  Likelihood of cardiac catheterization, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), or coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery during the index hospitalization, comparing patients with and without mental disorders (classified as schizophrenia, major affective disorder, substance abuse/dependence disorder, or other mental disorder).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the remainder of the sample, patients with any comorbid mental disorder (n = 5365; 4.7%) were significantly less likely to undergo PTCA (11.8% vs 16.8%; P<.001) or CABG (8.2% vs 12.6%; P<.001). After adjusting for demographic, clinical, hospital, and regional factors, individuals with mental disorders were 41% (for schizophrenia) to 78% (for substance use) as likely to undergo cardiac catheterization as those without mental disorders (P<.001 for all). Among those undergoing catheterization, rates of PTCA or CABG for patients with mental disorders were not significantly different from rates for patients without mental disorders (for those with any mental disorder, P = .12 for PTCA and P = .06 for CABG). In multivariate models, the 30-day mortality did not differ between patients with and without mental disorders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, individuals with comorbid mental disorders were substantially less likely to undergo coronary revascularization procedures than those without mental disorders. Further research is needed to understand the degree to which patient and provider factors contribute to this difference and its implications for quality and long-term outcomes of care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, VA Northeast Program Evaluation Center, New Haven, Conn, USA. benjamin.druss@yale.edu
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Druss
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Bradford
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Rosenheck
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Radford
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Krumholz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014481:United States