title: Ca(2+)-dependent K(+) channels and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase mediate H(2)O(2)- and superoxide-induced relaxations in canine trachealis.
abstract: We examined the ionic mechanisms underlying the responses of canine trachealis to superoxide (generated in vitro by using xanthine oxidase or added exogenously) and peroxide (generated spontaneously in vitro by the dismutation of superoxide or added exogenously). Although neither had any effect on resting tone, both triggered relaxations in carbachol-precontracted tissues. These relaxations were eliminated by catalase but were much less sensitive to the hydroxyl radical scavenger dimethylthiourea, indicating they were mediated primarily by peroxide. These relaxations were decreased in magnitude and/or slowed by nifedipine (10(-6) M), ouabain (10(-6) M), or tetraethylammonium (25 mM), but not by 4-aminopyridine (5 mM), and were small or absent in tissues precontracted with 30 mM KCl. Finally, peroxide triggered membrane hyperpolarization and elevated cytosolic concentration of Ca(2+) (primarily via release from the internal store). Thus peroxide-mediated relaxations seem to involve Ca(2+) release, opening of Ca(2+)-dependent K(+) channels, hyperpolarization, closure of Ca(2+) channels, and relaxation. In addition, some other free radical (hydroxyl radical?) may activate the Na(+)-K(+) pump, also hyperpolarizing the membrane and causing relaxation.
authors.affiliation: Asthma Research Group, Smooth Muscle Research Group, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N 3Z5.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Netherton
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Walters
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D004285:Dogs; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009129:Muscle Tonus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010042:Ouabain / Q000494:pharmacology; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019789:Tetraethylammonium / Q000494:pharmacology; D013890:Thiourea / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D014132:Trachea / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D019820:Xanthine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D005609:Free Radicals; D015221:Potassium Channels; D013481:Superoxides; D019820:Xanthine; D010042:Ouabain; D019789:Tetraethylammonium; C038983:1,3-dimethylthiourea; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; D013890:Thiourea; D009543:Nifedipine; D002118:Calcium