title: Platelet-derived growth factor and lysophosphatidic acid inhibit growth hormone binding and signaling via a protein kinase C-dependent pathway.
abstract: Growth hormone (GH) regulates body growth and metabolism. GH exerts its biological action by stimulating JAK2, a GH receptor (GHR)-associated tyrosine kinase. Activated JAK2 phosphorylates itself and GHR, thus initiating multiple signaling pathways. In this work, we demonstrate that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) down-regulate GH signaling via a protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent pathway. PDGF substantially reduces tyrosyl phosphorylation of JAK2 induced by GH but not interferon-gamma or leukemia inhibitory factor. PDGF, but not epidermal growth factor, decreases tyrosyl phosphorylation of GHR (by approximately 90%) and the amount of both total cellular GHR (by approximately 80%) and GH binding (by approximately 70%). The inhibitory effect of PDGF on GH-induced tyrosyl phosphorylation of JAK2 and GHR is abolished by depletion of 4beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-sensitive PKCs with chronic PMA treatment and is severely inhibited by GF109203X, an inhibitor of PKCs. In contrast, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase appear not to be involved in this inhibitory effect of PDGF. LPA, a known activator of PKC, also inhibits GH-induced tyrosyl phosphorylation of JAK2 and GHR and reduces the number of GHR. We propose that ligands that activate PKC, including PDGF, LPA, and PMA, down-regulate GH signaling by decreasing the number of cell surface GHR through promoting GHR internalization and degradation and/or cleavage of membrane GHR and release of the extracellular domain of GHR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0622, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rui
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Archer
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Argetsinger
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carter-Su
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D053614:Janus Kinase 2; D008246:Lysophospholipids / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000502:physiology*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism*; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008246:Lysophospholipids; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D014443:Tyrosine; D013006:Growth Hormone; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C507924:JAK2 protein, human; C507926:Jak2 protein, mouse; D053614:Janus Kinase 2; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate