title: Inhalant use among urban American Indian youth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence of inhalant use among urban American Indian youth and to examine differences between inhalant users and non-users.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline (T1) self-report questionnaires completed in 5th-6th grade and at seven annual follow-up assessments (T2-T8).
  
  
  METHODS
  Seattle metropolitan area.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and twenty-four Indian youth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Youth-completed measures of substance use, ethnic self-identity, involvement in traditional Indian activities, family conflict, family history of alcoholism, peer and sibling deviance, self-esteem, delinquency, aggression, anxiety, depression, sensation seeking, conduct disorder and alcohol dependence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lifetime inhalant use was reported by 12.3% of adolescents. At T1, inhalant users had significantly lower perceived self-worth and average annual household incomes and significantly greater density of familial alcoholism and expression of aggressive and delinquent conduct than non-users. Aggressive behavior was the most important T1 predictor of inhalant use. Lifetime conduct and alcohol dependence disorders were 3.3 and 2.6 times more prevalent among inhalant users than non-users at T5. Inhalant users had more extensive deviant peer networks, were more sensation-seeking, and evidenced lower perceived self-worth than non-users at T8.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inhalant use was less prevalent in this particular sample of urban Indian adolescents than in most studies of reservation Indian youth. As with other studies of inhalant abuse, aggressive and delinquent males of low SES and low-perceived self-worth with family histories of alcohol dependence, were at highest risk for inhalant use.
authors.affiliation: George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63130-4899, USA.
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Cottler
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Compton
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000293:Adolescent; D000374:Aggression; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000208:ethnology; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007604:Juvenile Delinquency / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D010379:Peer Group; D015995:Prevalence; D012649:Self Concept; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology*; D014861:Washington / Q000453:epidemiology