title: Sodium nitroprusside mitigates oleic acid-induced acute lung injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acute lung injury (ALI) is associated with pulmonary hypertension, intrapulmonary shunting, and increased microvascular permeability, leading to altered oxygenation capacity. Oleic acid (OA) creates a significant ALI that physiologically mimics human adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). It has been hypothesized that pulmonary vasodilatation may improve ALI. Studies in our laboratory using this model and nitric oxide (NO) have shown that NO inhalation is detrimental and worsens the effects of OA. We studied the effect of pretreatment with a potent vasodilator, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), on ALI induced by OA in an isolated lung model. We hypothesized that pretreatment with SNP will worsen pulmonary hypertension and oxygenation in OA-induced ALI, similar to the effects seen with inhaled NO in this model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rabbit heart lung blocks were isolated, flushed in vivo, harvested, immediately perfused with whole blood, and ventilated with 50% oxygen. Pulmonary artery pressure was determined every 15 seconds for 90 minutes of perfusion. Oxygenation was determined by blood gas analysis of pulmonary venous effluent at 0, 20, 40, 60, and 90 minutes after initiation of OA infusion. Four groups were studied: saline control (SC), oleic acid control (OAC; 20-minute infusion of 50% OA/ethanol into pulmonary circulation), SNP control (NPC; 10 microg/ kg/min SNP infused without subsequent OA infusion), and SNP treatment (NPRx); 10 microg/kg/min SNP infused before OA/ethanol. Pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), oxygenation (arterio-venous oxygen difference [AVO2], compliance (CPL), and wet/dry lung weight were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences were found between the NPRx group and SC. Pretreatment with SNP eliminated the detrimental effects of OA infusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Contrary to our hypothesis, pretreatment with SNP eliminates the decrease in oxygenation and increase in lung weight, and ameliorates pulmonary hypertension in our isolated lung model of OA-induced ALI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville 22906-0005, USA.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Rayhrer
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Edmisten
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Cephas
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Tribble
authors.forename: I L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Kron
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008170:Lung Compliance / Q000187:drug effects; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects; D009929:Organ Size; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000187:drug effects; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D011654:Pulmonary Edema / Q000517:prevention & control; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange / Q000187:drug effects; D011817:Rabbits; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D009599:Nitroprusside; D019301:Oleic Acid; D010100:Oxygen