title: Botulinum toxin type A neuromuscular blockade in the treatment of lower extremity spasticity in cerebral palsy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. BOTOX Study Group.
abstract: Increased gastrocnemius/soleus muscle tone in children with cerebral palsy may cause an equinus of the ankle. Botulinum toxin type A (BTX), a neuromuscular blocking agent, reduces muscle tone in various neuromuscular disorders. The safety and short-term efficacy of BTX injections were evaluated in a prospective, 3-month, double-blind, randomized clinical trial involving 114 children with cerebral palsy and dynamic equinus foot deformity. Outcome was determined by observational gait analysis, ankle range-of-motion measurements, and quantification of muscle denervation by nerve conduction. Patients in the BTX group demonstrated improved gait function and partial denervation of the injected muscle. No serious adverse events were reported.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157-1070, USA. lakoman@bgsm.edu
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Koman
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Mooney
authors.forename: B P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Leon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000150:complications*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004863:Equinus Deformity / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005684:Gait; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019148:Neuromuscular Blockade; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A