title: Cost effectiveness of omeprazole and ranitidine in intermittent treatment of symptomatic gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This 1-year study compared the cost effectiveness of omeprazole and ranitidine when used as initial therapy in an intermittent treatment strategy for the management of patients with symptomatic gastro-oesophageal reflux disease with or without erosive oesophagitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective health economic analysis was conducted alongside an international multicentre randomised, double-blind clinical study. The economic analysis was performed from a societal perspective.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 704 patients in the UK, the Republic of Ireland, Germany, France, Italy and Spain were randomised to 1 of the 3 treatment groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomised to receive either omeprazole 20 mg once daily, omeprazole 10 mg once daily or ranitidine 150 mg twice daily. Initial treatment failure resulted in dose titration and drug switching from ranitidine to omeprazole, and subsequently open maintenance treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The estimated mean direct medical costs (medication and number of visits and endoscopies) were found to be lower for both dosages of omeprazole than for ranitidine in all countries except Germany. However, none of the differences were statistically significant. The differences between omeprazole 10 mg and omeprazole 20 mg were small and nonsignificant. With regard to numbers of symptom-free days, both omeprazole 20 mg and omeprazole 10 mg were found to be more effective than ranitidine. However, none of the differences were statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Following a pragmatic interpretation, incorporating intermediate short term results, the results in this study give no support to the notion that a step-up approach, either as dose titration from omeprazole 10 mg to omeprazole 20 mg or as drug switching from ranitidine to omeprazole, will result in cost savings and thereby be cost effective.
authors.affiliation: Astra Hässle AB, Mölndal, Sweden. nils-olov.stalhammar@hassle.se.astra.com
authors.forename: N O
authors.initials: NO
authors.lastname: Stålhammar
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carlsson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Peacock
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Müller-Lissner
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bigard
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Porro
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ponce
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hosie
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Weir
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fulton
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gillon
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Bardhan
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D017850:Economics, Pharmaceutical; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009853:Omeprazole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011899:Ranitidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D011899:Ranitidine; D009853:Omeprazole