title: Complete radical nephrectomy and vena caval thrombectomy during circulatory arrest.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A modification of radical nephrectomy for renal carcinoma and vena caval tumor thrombectomy for supradiaphragmatic tumor extension under hypothermic circulatory arrest is presented.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nephrectomy was performed during the circulatory arrest time in 16 consecutive patients during the last 4 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average hypothermic circulatory arrest time increased by 6 minutes. By elimination of manipulation of tumor and thrombus before circulatory arrest potential thrombus fragmentation and embolization were minimized. There were no significant differences in blood loss or complications compared to a prior series of 10 patients undergoing the procedure using conventional techniques.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Performance of complete radical nephrectomy along with venal caval embolectomy during circulatory arrest increases the safety of the procedure without significant morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Section of Urology, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Belis
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Levinson
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Pae
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D017131:Thrombectomy; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior