title: Early determinants of inflammatory bowel disease: use of two national longitudinal birth cohorts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine previously cited early risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 1946 National Survey of Health & Development (NSHD) and the 1958 National Child Development Study (NCDS) are on-going, longitudinal birth cohort studies. A nested case-control design was used combining data from both cohorts; eight controls per case, matched for gender and social class, were selected randomly.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data concerning maternal infection in pregnancy (NCDS only), childhood infection (measles, mumps and whooping cough), birth order, appendicectomy, breast-feeding and measures of poor housing conditions in childhood were analysed. In both cohorts, the member's hospital physician or medical records were used to confirm the diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-six cases of Crohn's disease and 29 cases of ulcerative colitis were identified. No significant association was found between the development of Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis and any of the studied factors. There was a trend that those with Crohn's disease were more likely not to have been breast-fed (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.15-1.03) and not to have had an appendicectomy (OR < 1.00). The opposite was true of those with ulcerative colitis (OR 2.76, 95% CI 0.86-9.81 and OR 2.34, 95% CI 0.69-7.46, respectively). The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease was 5.12/1000 by the age of 43 years in NSHD and 2.02-2.54/1000 by the age of 33 years in NCDS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in these cohorts is among the highest recorded in Europe. Childhood factors may be different for those with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. These cohorts will be increasingly valuable data sources.
authors.affiliation: Inflammatory Bowel Disease Study Group, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, London, UK.
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Montgomery
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Wadsworth
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Pounder
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Wakefield
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology