title: In vitro effects of different medium molecular hydroxyethyl starch solutions and lactated Ringer's solution on coagulation using SONOCLOT.
abstract: Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solutions are widely used to replace intravascular volume. HES solutions differ from each other with regard to molecular weight and mode of hydroxyl substitution (degree of hydroxylation, C2:C6 hydroxyethyl ratio, concentration), factors which may have varying effects on coagulation. We studied, in vitro, three different HES preparations (molecular weight/degree of hydroxylation/concentration/C2:C6 ratio of substitution 70.000/0. 5/6%/3.2; Pharmacia & Upjohn Co., Erlangen, Germany; 130.000/0. 4/6%/11.2 and 200.000/0.5/6%/4.6; Fresenius Co., Bad Homburg, Germany) and, for comparison, lactated Ringer's solution (RL) at 33% and 66% dilution with whole blood. The influence of hemodilution was measured by using routine laboratory variables and SONOCLOT (Sonoclot II Coagulation and Platelet Function Analyzer, Sienco Co.) analysis, using a viscoelastic test, on the cellular as well as on the plasmatic hemostatic system. For statistical analysis of quantitative data, we used nonparametric analysis of variance and adequate post hoc tests. Qualitative data were analyzed by using the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test. A P value below 0.05 was considered significant. In contrast to the control group with RL, the liquid phase of coagulation (activated clotting time) was slightly affected by the 33% diluted HES solutions. HES 70.000, 130. 000, and 200.000 interfered significantly with the early stage of coagulation as expressed by the clot rate (gel/fibrin formation). Clot maturation and speed of maturation (time to peak) were strongly affected by HES 70.000 at all grades of dilution. HES 130.000 showed a faster clot formation process compared with the other HES solutions. HES 130.000 diluted 33% showed a better clot retraction as compared with the other HES solutions. In conclusion, in vitro hemodilution comparing different medium molecular weight HES solutions reveals that HES 130.000 seems preferable regarding some aspects of clot formation and retraction. RL affected clot formation only minimally, except for the early activation of clotting, which was measured by a shortened activated clotting time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We investigated the effect of different hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solutions (70.000, 130.000, 200.000) on coagulation. Regarding clot formation and retraction, HES 130.000 had some advantages over the other tested HES solutions. Lactated Ringer's solution affected coagulation only minimally, except for the early stage of clot formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Ruprecht Karls-University of Heidelberg, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, Germany. fieber-konrad@t-online.de
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Konrad
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Markl
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Schuepfer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schmeck
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Gerber
mesh_terms: D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D001809:Blood Viscosity / Q000187:drug effects; D003018:Clot Retraction; D004906:Erythrocyte Count / Q000187:drug effects; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006400:Hematocrit; D006438:Hemodilution; D006801:Humans; D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007552:Isotonic Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008970:Molecular Weight; D010314:Partial Thromboplastin Time; D010952:Plasma Substitutes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010976:Platelet Count / Q000187:drug effects; D010979:Platelet Function Tests; D000077325:Ringer's Lactate; D014465:Ultrasonics
chemical_list: D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D010952:Plasma Substitutes; D000077325:Ringer's Lactate; D005340:Fibrinogen