title: Benzo[a]pyrene carcinogenicity is lost in mice lacking the aryl hydrocarbon receptor.
abstract: The contribution of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in induction of a battery of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes has been studied extensively. However, no direct proof has been obtained that it plays a role in modulating carcinogenesis. To address the question of whether AhR is required for tumor induction, we have investigated the response of AhR-deficient mice to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a widely distributed environmental carcinogen. B[a]P treatment induced expression of the cytochrome P450 gene Cyp1a1 in the skin and liver of AhR-positive mice bearing +/+ and +/- genotypes and did not induce expression of the cytochrome P450 gene Cyp1a1 in AhR-null mice in either skin or liver. In contrast, Cyp1a2 gene expression was positive in liver irrespective of the presence or absence of the AhR gene, or B[a]P treatment, although its inducibility was lost in the AhR(-/-) mouse. All AhR-positive male mice of both +/+ and +/- genotypes that received subcutaneous injection of B[a]P (2 mg) on the first and the eighth days had developed subcutaneous tumors at the site of injection at the end of the 18-week experiment. In contrast, no tumors were apparent in any of the AhR-deficient mice. Likewise, topical application of B[a]P (200 microg) at weekly intervals to the skin of female mice for 25 weeks produced skin tumors only in the AhR-positive mice. Thus the carcinogenic action of B[a]P may be determined primarily by AhR, a transcriptional regulator of the gene for CYP1A1. The results of the present study provide direct evidence that AhR is involved in carcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakatsuru
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ichinose
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kume
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mimura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujii-Kuriyama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene / Q000633:toxicity*; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005354:Fibrosarcoma / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics; D015870:Gene Expression; D005838:Genotype; D007636:Keratoacanthoma / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D010212:Papilloma / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012208:Rhabdomyosarcoma / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene