title: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in human milk.
abstract: We collected and analyzed 500 samples of human milk, from five Brazilian cities (100 from each) to detect methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) producing enterotoxins. We found 57 strains of MRSA, and the mecA gene, responsible for resistance, was detected in all of them using a specific molecular probe. We examined 40 strains for the presence of four enterotoxins, after selecting a subset that included all strains from each region, except for the largest sample, from which 10 were randomly selected. Among these two presented enterotoxin B, and growth in human colostrum and trypicase soy broth. After 5 h of incubation at 37 degrees C, population sizes were already higher than 9.4 x 10(5) UFC/ml and enterotoxin was released into culture medium and colostrum. Our results stress the importance of hygiene, sanitary measures, and appropriate preservation conditions to avoid the proliferation of S. aureus in human milk.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21949-900, Brasil. novak@iff.fiocruz.br
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Novak
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Warnken
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Ferreira-Carvalho
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Hagler
mesh_terms: D003126:Colostrum; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D016106:Methicillin Resistance; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000382:microbiology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004768:Enterotoxins