title: Liability concerns in contraceptive research and development.
abstract: The history of liability claims in the US against contraceptive products is among the issues that discourage manufacturers from investing in discovery and development in this field. Other factors are the high cost of new drug development, elevated insurance rates for contraceptives, and the desire to avoid controversy that can disturb corporate tranquility. General features of the American legal system influence the large number and cost of product liability claims in the US compared to Europe. These differences pertain to issues such as the role of judges, how lawyers receive their compensation, and the use of expert scientific testimony. The history of litigation in the US against pharmaceutical products and devices pertaining to women's health suggests that interventions that involve the reproductive system are held to different standards or elicit different emotional responses than other pharmaceutical products or devices.
authors.affiliation: The Population Council, New York, NY, USA. ssegal@popcouncil.org
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Segal
mesh_terms: D003270:Contraceptive Agents; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; D005060:Europe; D005193:Family Planning Services / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D006801:Humans; D016912:Levonorgestrel; D016365:Liability, Legal; D012106:Research / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D014481:United States; D016387:Women's Health
chemical_list: D003270:Contraceptive Agents; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; D016912:Levonorgestrel