title: Using language intensity to increase the success of a family intervention to protect children from ultraviolet radiation: predictions from language expectancy theory.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Even though people are informed about skin cancer prevention, they do not always comply with prevention advice. From Language Expectancy Theory, it was predicted that messages with high language intensity would improve compliance with sun safety recommendations and that this effect would be enhanced with deductive argument style.
  
  
  METHODS
  Parents (N = 841) from a pediatric clinic and elementary schools received sun safety messages (newsletters, brochures, tip cards) by mail that varied in language intensity and logical style. Effects on attitudes and behavior were tested in a pretest-posttest factorial design.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As hypothesized, parents receiving messages with high- as opposed to low-intensity language complied more with sun safety advice. Messages with highly intense language were more persuasive when the arguments were formatted in a deductive style; low language intensity was more persuasive in inductively styled messages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By carefully adjusting messages features, health professionals can obtain further compliance beyond that produced by educating people about health risks and creating favorable attitudes and self-efficacy expectations. Highly intense language may be a good general strategy in prevention messages and works better when conclusions and recommendations are offered explicitly to recipients, especially when advice is aimed at reducing their personal risk.
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Communication, AMC Cancer Research Center, 1600 Pierce Street, Denver, Colorado, 80214, USA. bullerd@amc.org
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Buller
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Burgoon
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Beach
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Melcher
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Buller
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Bowen
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Hunsaker
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bergen
mesh_terms: D001242:Assertiveness; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education / Q000379:methods*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010290:Parents / Q000193:education*; D010565:Persuasive Communication; D011578:Psycholinguistics; D012307:Risk Factors; D012718:Set, Psychology; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*