title: Correlates of high HDL cholesterol among women with coronary heart disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) has designated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) > or =60 mg/dL a "negative" coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factor, but a substantial proportion of coronary events occur among women despite high HDL-C levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The objective of this study was to characterize postmenopausal women with prevalent CHD despite HDL-C > or =60 mg/dL and to identify factors that may attenuate the protective effect of high HDL-C. We analyzed baseline data from a randomized, double-blind study of estrogen/progestin replacement therapy in 2763 postmenopausal women <80 years old with CHD. Demographics, CHD risk factors, medications, anthropometrics, and lipid levels were compared among women with low, normal, and high HDL-C by NCEP criteria with and without stratification by use of lipid-lowering medications. Independent correlates of high HDL-C were determined by logistic regression analysis. HDL-C > or =60 mg/dL was present in 20% of participants. Women with high HDL-C were older, better educated, had fewer CHD risk factors, lower triglyceride levels and total cholesterol/HDL-C ratio, and were more likely to report past estrogen and current calcium antagonist, niacin, and statin use. beta-Blocker, diuretic, and fibrate use was less common. Older age, alcohol consumption, niacin, and calcium antagonist use and prior estrogen use were independently associated with high HDL-C, whereas waist-to-hip ratio, smoking, triglyceride level, and beta-blocker and fibrate use were inversely associated (all P <.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High HDL-C, as defined by the NCEP, occurred in 20% of women with CHD in this cohort without a concomitantly higher prevalence of other CHD risk factors. Redefinition of "high" HDL-C levels for women may be warranted.
authors.affiliation: University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294, USA. vbittner@uab.edu
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bittner
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fong
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Blumenthal
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Newby
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Stefanick
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL