title: Phase I study of dose-escalated paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and cisplatin (PIC) combination chemotherapy in advanced solid tumours.
abstract: Based on the already known in vitro synergy between paclitaxel (taxol), cisplatin and oxazophosphorine cytostatics and the broad spectrum of activity of the above drugs we sought to evaluate the paclitaxel (taxol)-ifosfamide-cisplatin (PIC) combination in the outpatient setting in individuals with a variety of advanced solid tumours. Cohorts of patients were entered into six successive dose levels (DLs) with drug doses ranging as follows: paclitaxel 135-215 mg m(-2) day 1 - (1 h infusion), ifosfamide 4.5-6.0 g m(-2) (total dose) - divided over days 1 and 2, and cisplatin 80-100 mg m(-2) (total) - divided over days 1 and 2. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was given from day 5 to 14. Forty-two patients were entered. Eighteen patients had 2-8 cycles of prior chemotherapy with no taxanes or ifosfamide (cisplatin was allowed). The regimen was tolerated with outpatient administration in 36/42 patients. Toxicities included: grade 4 neutropenia for < or = 5 days in 27% of cycles; 5 episodes of febrile neutropenia in three patients at DL-III, -V and -VI. Grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia and cumulative grade 3 anaemia were seen in 7% and 13% of cycles respectively. Three cases of severe grade 3 neuromotor/sensory neuropathy were recorded at DL-II, -III, and -V, all after cycle 3. The maximum tolerated dose was not formally reached at DL-V, but because of progressive anaemia and asthenia/fatigue, it was decided to test a new DL-VI with doses of paclitaxel 200 mg m(-2), ifosfamide 5.0 g m(-2) and cisplatin 100 mg m(-2); this appeared to be tolerable and is recommended for further phase II testing. The response rate was 47.5% (complete response + partial response: 20/42). The PIC regimen appears to be feasible and safe in the outpatient setting. Care should be paid to neurotoxicity. Phase II studies are starting in non-small-cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer and head and neck cancer at DL-VI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Helena-Venizelou Hospital, Athens, Greece. ckosm@ath.forthnet.gr
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kosmas
authors.forename: N B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Tsavaris
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Polyzos
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Malamos
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Katsikas
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Antonopoulos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007069:Ifosfamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000139:chemically induced; D010045:Outpatients; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage; D043823:Taxoids; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D043823:Taxoids; D017239:Paclitaxel; D002945:Cisplatin; D007069:Ifosfamide