title: Biochemical responses of the mycorrhizae in Pinus massoniana to combined effects of Al, Ca and low pH.
abstract: Biochemical responses of Pinus massoniana, with and without the inoculation mycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius at the root, to artificial acid rain (pH 2.0) and various Ca/Al ratios were investigated. Some enzymes associated with the nutritive metabolism, such as acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, nitrate reductase, mannitol dehydrogenase and trehalase, in the roots, stems and leaves of plant were obviously inhibited by the artificial acid rain and Al. After treatment with pH 2.0 + Ca/Al (0/1 or 1/10) artificial acid rain, the protein content in the organs was decreased. However, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) and glutathione (GSH) concentrations were induced. It demonstrated that acid rain and Al could induce oxygen radicals in plant. Compared with the treatments with lower pH or Al, respectively, the combination of lower pH and Al concentration was more toxic to P. massoniana. Al toxicity could be ameliorated by the addition of Ca and the amelioration was the most when the ratio was 1/1 among the various Ca/Al ratio. Infection with mycorrhizal fungus P. tinctorius at the root of P. massoniana increased the ability of the plant to resist the toxicity of artificial acid rain and Al stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing University, People's Republic of China. kongfx@pub.jlonline.com
authors.forename: F X
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D015258:Acid Rain / Q000633:toxicity*; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000535:Aluminum / Q000633:toxicity*; D002118:Calcium / Q000633:toxicity*; D005658:Fungi / Q000502:physiology*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008354:Mannitol Dehydrogenases / Q000378:metabolism; D050901:Nitrate Reductase; D009565:Nitrate Reductases / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D010935:Plant Diseases; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000201:enzymology; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000201:enzymology / Q000382:microbiology; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014197:Trees / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D014198:Trehalase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015258:Acid Rain; D000535:Aluminum; D008354:Mannitol Dehydrogenases; D009195:Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D009565:Nitrate Reductases; D050901:Nitrate Reductase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D000135:Acid Phosphatase; D014198:Trehalase; D005978:Glutathione; D002118:Calcium