Volumetric object modeling for surgical simulation.
Surgical simulation has many applications in medical education, surgical training, surgical planning and intra-operative assistance. However, extending current surface-based computer graphics methods to model phenomena such as the deformation, cutting, tearing or repairing of soft tissues poses significant challenges for real-time interactions. This paper discusses the use of volumetric methods for modeling complex anatomy and tissue interactions. New techniques are introduced that use volumetric methods for modeling soft-tissue deformation and tissue cutting at interactive rates. An initial prototype for simulating arthroscopic knee surgery is described which uses volumetric models of the knee derived from 3-D magnetic resonance imaging, visual feedback via real-time volume and polygon rendering, and haptic feedback provided by a force-feedback device.
Gibson
S
S
MERL, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. gibson@merl.com
Fyock
C
C
Grimson
E
E
Kanade
T
T
Kikinis
R
R
Lauer
H
H
McKenzie
N
N
Mor
A
A
Nakajima
S
S
Ohkami
H
H
Osborne
R
R
Samosky
J
J
Sawada
A
A
D001182:Arthroscopy; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D014741:Video Recording