title: Global myocardial revascularization without cardiopulmonary bypass using innovative techniques for myocardial stabilization and perfusion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In off-pump coronary bypass grafting (CABG), invasiveness is reduced but technically perfect anastomosis is jeopardized by cardiac motion and the need to hurry to reduce the time of ischemia. Also, a major cause of postoperative morbidity and mortality is ungrafted circumflex coronary artery disease. We have devised a means of overcoming these shortcomings and performing multivessel CABG. The objective of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of our technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred patients with severe triple-vessel disease underwent multivessel off-pump CABG. For cardiac stabilization, a combination of local pericardial stabilization sutures and lifting and rotating the heart by means of posterior pericardial sutures were used. For myocardial perfusion, a technique of retrograde coronary sinus perfusion by arterial blood from the ascending aorta was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Each patient received an average of 3.8 grafts (range 3 to 5). Complications included conversion to cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in 1 patient and a perioperative myocardial infarction in the same patient. In all other patients we were able to perform a satisfactory grafting in all territories with no operative mortality. Rapid recovery allowed 95% of our patients to resume normal activity within 1 month. A predischarge graft angiogram in 35 patients showed 97.8% patency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that off-pump CABG with our techniques is effective and safe. Early clinical outcome and excellent patency rates suggest its more widespread use in selected cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tagore Heart Care and Research Centre, Jalandhar, Punjab, India. bedi@jla.usnl.net.in
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Bedi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suri
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kalkat
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Sengar
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mahajan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chawla
authors.forename: V P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Sharma
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000145:classification / Q000601:surgery; D005112:Extracorporeal Circulation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology; D010496:Pericardium / Q000601:surgery; D013536:Suture Techniques; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014654:Vascular Patency