title: Redox-regulation of intrinsic prion expression in multicellular prostate tumor spheroids.
abstract: The cellular function of the intrinsic prion protein (PrPc) remains largely unknown. In the present study PrPc expression was investigated in multicellular prostate tumor spheroids and was correlated to the intracellular redox state as evaluated using the fluorescent dye 2'7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA). In small tumor spheroids (diameter 100 +/- 20 microm) reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were increased as compared with large (diameter 250 +/- 50 microm) spheroids. ROS generation was mediated by the mitochondrial respiratory chain and a NADPH oxidaselike enzyme, because carbonylcyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), rotenone, and diphenylene iodonium chloride (DPI) significantly reduced ROS levels. The elevated ROS were correlated to an increased expression of PrPc, Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD-1), and catalase in small as compared with large spheroids. In large tumor spheroids, PrPc was predominantly expressed in the peripheral cell layers and colocalized with SOD-1 and catalase. Raising intracellular ROS in large tumor spheroids by hydrogen peroxide, menadione, buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), and incubation in glutamine-reduced medium increased PrPc expression. In small spheroids PrPc was downregulated after incubation with the radical scavengers dehydroascorbate (DHA) and vitamin E. Our data indicate that PrPc expression in tumor spheroids is related to the intracellular redox state and may participate in antioxidative defense.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sauer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dagdanova
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hescheler
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wartenberg
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D019328:Buthionine Sulfoximine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002374:Catalase / Q000032:analysis; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005721:Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011328:Prions / Q000235:genetics*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000032:analysis; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014812:Vitamin K / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D011328:Prions; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014812:Vitamin K; D019328:Buthionine Sulfoximine; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005721:Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase; D005978:Glutathione