title: Hydro-MRI for the visualization of gastric wall motility using RARE magnetic resonance imaging sequences.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although different imaging techniques such as conventional X-ray, ultrasonography, and hydro-computed tomography are available for the imaging of the stomach, none can depict this organ in full size without radiation. Therefore, the study of the entire gastric wall motility of the stomach is difficult and in principle only performable with rapid magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. T1-weighted imaging sequences have been used for the dynamic study of gastric wall motility. This technique was combined with the oral intake of para- or superparamagnetic contrast agents to achieve sufficient intraluminal contrast. The technique described in the present study is based on a different contrast mechanism.
  
  
  METHODS
  The stomach was filled with 500 mL of 10% of aqueous dextrose solution, and a strongly T2-weighted fast rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement (RARE) type imaging sequence was used for data acquisition. No other contrast agents were applied. An ultrafast RARE imaging sequence with an asymmetric phase-encoding scheme was developed to achieve a high temporal and spatial resolution. The scanning time per image was approximately 1 s.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The stomach was imaged in full size. The concentric constrictor rings moved from the proximal part of the body toward the antrum. The mean duration for one contraction cycle was approximately 17.9 +/- 2.5 s, the mean contractile frequency was 3.4 +/- 0.5 s, and the mean spreading velocity was 65.5 +/- 3.6 cm/min.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The purpose of this study was to demonstrate a new technical approach for a noninvasive dynamic study of gastric motor function with hydro-MRI. This robust method may have clinical application, e.g., in the diagnosis of gastroparesis, and may be extended to the rest of the gastrointestinal tract.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bilecen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Scheffler
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Seifritz
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bongartz
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Steinbrich
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000502:physiology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013270:Stomach / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D005947:Glucose