title: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) amide: a central regulator of satiety and interoceptive stress.
abstract: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) amide (GLP-1) is processed from proglucagon in the distal ileum as well as in the CNS. In the periphery, GLP-1 acts as an incretin factor and profoundly inhibits upper gastrointestinal motility ('ileal brake'), the latter presumably involving the CNS. Within the CNS, GLP-1 has a satiating effect, since administration of GLP-1 into the third cerebral ventricle reduces short-term food intake (and meal size), while administration of GLP-1 antagonists have the opposite effect. In addition, activation of GLP-1 receptors in certain brain regions elicits strong taste aversions. Similarities between toxin- and GLP-1-induced neuronal activity in the CNS (brain stem) suggest a role for central GLP-1 receptors in relaying interoceptive stress. Thus, regionally distinct GLP-1 receptor populations in the CNS may be involved in satiety or malaise. It is argued that the satiating and aversive aspects of GLP-1 serve homeostatic and nonhomeostatic functions with respect to maintenance of nutrient balance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Physiology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands. g.van.dijk@biol.rug.nl
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: van Dijk
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Thiele
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects; D005934:Glucagon; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D004763:Glucagon-Like Peptides; D006801:Humans; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D012528:Satiety Response / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C055453:glucagon-like peptide 1 (7-36)amide; D004763:Glucagon-Like Peptides; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D005934:Glucagon