title: Increased soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 concentrations in patients with primary or systemic lupus erythematosus-related antiphospholipid syndrome: correlations with the severity of thrombosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent studies have shown that in vitro endothelial cells are activated by antiphospholipid antibodies and may support leukocyte adhesion. We studied levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1, sCD54), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1, sCD106), and soluble E-selectin (soluble endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 [sELAM-1, sCD62E]) in sera from patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome (primary APS), and compared them with those from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus-associated APS (SLE-APS) or pure SLE, as well as with those from 2 control groups composed of healthy volunteers and patients with thrombosis unrelated to autoimmune diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum samples from 24 patients with primary APS, 15 patients with SLE-APS, 22 patients with pure SLE, 48 control patients with thrombosis, and 18 healthy volunteers were examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays specific for sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, and sELAM-1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum levels of sVCAM-1, but not sICAM-1 or sELAM-1, were significantly increased in all patient study groups compared with thrombosis control patients and healthy volunteers, but did not differ between the groups of patients with primary APS, SLE-APS, or pure SLE. Concentrations of sVCAM-1 were significantly higher in primary APS or SLE-APS patients with severe, recurrent thrombosis and were negatively correlated with platelet counts in primary APS patients. In patients with primary APS, sVCAM-1 levels were higher if there was thrombotic kidney involvement and correlated with creatinemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum sVCAM-1 concentrations are increased in patients with primary APS, especially those with repeated thrombotic events or kidney involvement. These findings suggest that endothelial/ monocyte interaction may be important in the pathogenesis of primary APS.
authors.affiliation: Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite and Hôpital de la Conception, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kaplanski
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cacoub
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Farnarier
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Marin
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grégoire
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gatel
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Durand
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Harlé
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bongrand
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Piette
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology; D003401:Creatine / Q000097:blood; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood*; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010976:Platelet Count; D011247:Pregnancy; D011250:Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology; D012079:Renal Circulation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012995:Solubility; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D019040:E-Selectin; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D003401:Creatine