title: Compensatory sleep response to 12 h wakefulness in young and old rats.
abstract: There is a pronounced decline in sleep with age. Diminished output from the circadian oscillator, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, might play a role, because there is a decrease in the amplitude of the day-night sleep rhythm in the elderly. However, sleep is also regulated by homeostatic mechanisms that build sleep drive during wakefulness, and a decline in these mechanisms could also decrease sleep. Because this question has never been addressed in old animals, the present study examined the effects of 12 h wakefulness on compensatory sleep response in young (3.5 mo) and old (21.5 mo) Sprague-Dawley and F344 rats. Old rats in both strains had a diminished compensatory increase in slow-wave sleep (SWS) after 12 h of wakefulness (0700-1900, light-on period) compared with the young rats. In contrast, compensatory REM sleep rebound was unaffected by age. To assess whether the reduced SWS rebound in old rats might result from loss of neurons implicated in sleep generation, we counted the number of c-Fos immunoreactive (c-Fos-ir) cells in the ventral lateral preoptic (VLPO) area and found no differences between young and old rats. These findings indicate that old rats, similar to elderly humans, demonstrate less sleep after prolonged wakefulness. The findings also indicate that although old rats have a decline in sleep, this cannot be attributed to loss of VLPO neurons implicated in sleep.
authors.affiliation: West Roxbury Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, West Roxbury 02132, Massachusetts, USA. pshiromani@hms.harvard.edu
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Shiromani
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thakkar
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Greco
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Basheer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thakkar
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D011301:Preoptic Area / Q000378:metabolism; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000502:physiology; D012895:Sleep, REM / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos