title: Sacral anterior root stimulation for bladder control: clinical results.
abstract: The Brindley bladder stimulator delivers intermittent stimulation to the anterior sacral roots. The stimulus parameters can be adjusted and set specifically for individuals. Its primary purpose is to improve bladder emptying, thereby to eliminate urinary infection and to preserve kidney function. It also assists in defecation and enables male patients to have a sustained full erection. In our unit so far 38 patients with a complete spinal cord lesion have received a Brindley bladder stimulator implant. One patient died 2 weeks after the surgery due to pulmonary embolism. Two other patients died due to unrelated causes during the follow up period. They used their implants for less than 1 year. Results relating to these 2 patients and the remaining 35 patients who regularly use their implant are presented. The follow-up period ranged from 3 months to 12 years. Residual urine volumes are substantially reduced in all patients; in 24 patients the residual urine volume is less than 30 ml. All patients have increased bladder capacity. Thirty-one patients are continent. Out of 33 males 29 can achieve a sustained full erection using the stimulator. Twenty-seven patients use the implant for bowel function. The following complications were encountered: (1.) Cerebro-spinal fluid collection occurred around the implant in 3 patients during the post-operative period; (2.) Receiver failure occurred in 3 patients. A successful replacement with a new receiver block was carried out in these cases. It is concluded that the use of a bladder stimulator in selected patients gives long term favourable results.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Neurosurgery, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Twente Institute for Neuromodulation (TWIN), The Netherlands.
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: van der Aa
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alleman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nene
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Snoek
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003248:Constipation / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004868:Equipment Failure; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010410:Penile Erection; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D019051:Rhizotomy; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D013126:Spinal Nerve Roots / Q000502:physiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*