title: Tat competes with CIITA for the binding to P-TEFb and blocks the expression of MHC class II genes in HIV infection.
abstract: AIDS and the bare lymphocyte syndrome (BLS) are severe combined immunodeficiencies. BLS results from mutations in genes that regulate the expression of class II major histocompatibility (MHC II) determinants. One of these is the class II transactivator (CIITA). HIV and its transcriptional transactivator (Tat) also block the expression of MHC II genes. By binding to the same surface in the cyclin T1, which together with CDK9 forms the positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) complex, Tat inhibits CIITA. CIITA can also activate transcription when tethered artificially to RNA. Moreover, a dominant-negative CDK9 protein inhibits the activity of MHC II promoters. Thus, CIITA is a novel cellular coactivator that binds to P-TEFb for the expression of its target genes.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kanazawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Peterlin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017951:Antigen Presentation / Q000276:immunology; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D056906:Cyclin T; D042863:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 9; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016213:Cyclins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000276:immunology; D015696:Gene Products, tat / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005802:Genes, MHC Class II; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000378:metabolism*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D042925:Positive Transcriptional Elongation Factor B; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D018089:Superantigens / Q000276:immunology; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
chemical_list: C503684:CCNT1 protein, human; D056906:Cyclin T; D016213:Cyclins; D004768:Enterotoxins; D015696:Gene Products, tat; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; C083728:MHC class II transactivator protein; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D018089:Superantigens; D015534:Trans-Activators; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; C019368:enterotoxin D, Staphylococcal; D042925:Positive Transcriptional Elongation Factor B; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C467969:CDK9 protein, human; D042863:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 9; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases