title: Induction of a myocardial adrenomedullin signaling system during ischemic heart failure in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increased plasma adrenomedullin (ADM) levels have been reported in congestive heart failure (HF). The present study was designed to investigate myocardial regulation of the different components of the ADM signaling system (ADM, ADM receptor, and receptor-activity-modifying protein-2, RAMP-2) during ischemic HF in rats and to identify the cells in the myocardium displaying ADM-like immunoreactivity (ADM-ir). Furthermore, the effects of endothelin (ET) receptor antagonism on expression of the myocardial ADM system during HF were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Northern blot analysis revealed increased ADM mRNA expression in the nonischemic left ventricle, with maximal levels 28 days after induction of myocardial infarction (1.5-fold, P<0.05) compared with the sham group. Parallel elevations of myocardial ADM receptor and RAMP-2 mRNA levels were also observed (2.3- and 1.5-fold increase, respectively; P<0.05). In addition, high levels of ADM mRNA were seen in the ischemic region. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a substantial increase of ADM-ir in microvascular endothelium and perivascular interstitial cells of myocardial tissue contiguous to the ischemic region. In addition, radioligand binding studies demonstrated a 1.6-fold increase of specific ADM binding sites in the failing left ventricle (P<0.05). Intervention with the mixed ET(A)/ET(B) receptor antagonist bosentan (100 mg. kg(-1). day(-1) PO) for 15 days prevented the increase of RAMP-2 mRNA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study demonstrates a concerted induction of several components of the myocardial ADM signaling system during postinfarction failure and that the vessels are the main source of myocardial ADM. Our observations indicate a role for ADM as an autocrine/paracrine factor during ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction.
authors.affiliation: Merck Sharp & Dohme-Cardiovascular Research Center, and the Institute for Surgical Research, The National Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oie
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Vinge
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yndestad
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sandberg
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Grøgaard
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Attramadal
mesh_terms: D053607:Adrenomedullin; D000818:Animals; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000378:metabolism*; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D010455:Peptides / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D011869:Radioligand Assay; D051381:Rats; D058261:Receptor Activity-Modifying Proteins; D058265:Receptors, Adrenomedullin; D018000:Receptors, Peptide; D013599:Systole; D013997:Time Factors; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010455:Peptides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D058261:Receptor Activity-Modifying Proteins; D058265:Receptors, Adrenomedullin; D018000:Receptors, Peptide; D053607:Adrenomedullin