title: Microprocessor-controlled movement of solid gastric content using sequential neural electrical stimulation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gastric electrical stimulation has been attempted for years without much success. The aim of this study was to determine if movement of solid gastric content could be achieved using microprocessor-controlled sequential electrical stimulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was performed on 9 anesthetized dogs. The dogs underwent laparotomy, pyloroplasty, and implantation of 4-6 sets of bipolar stainless-steel wire electrodes. Each set consisted of 2-6 electrodes (10 x 0.25 mm, 3 cm apart) implanted circumferentially. The stomach was filled with solid food mixed with plastic pellets, and the process of gastric emptying was monitored. Artificial contractions were produced using microprocessor-controlled phase-locked bipolar trains of 50-Hz rectangular voltage with flexible amplitudes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using the above stimulating parameters, we were able to produce circumferential gastric contractions that were artificially propagated distally by embedding and phase-locking the stimulating voltage. The number of expelled pellets after the stimulation sessions was significantly higher than the number of pellets emptied during the nonstimulation sessions (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Microprocessor-controlled electrical stimulation produced artificial peristalsis and markedly accelerated the movement of solid gastric content.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. mintchev@enel.ucalgary.ca
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Mintchev
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Sanmiguel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amaris
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Bowes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000502:physiology*; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000502:physiology*; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D013270:Stomach / Q000294:innervation*