title: Protective effect of the nitric oxide donor molsidomine on indomethacin and aspirin-induced gastric injury in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of the nitric oxide donor, molsidomine, on gastric and duodenal injury induced by indomethacin and aspirin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 180-200 g were used after 24 h fasting. Indomethacin (5 mg/kg) was given subcutaneously as a single dose and followed by multiple injections of histamine. Molsidomine (0.05 mg/kg) or distilled water was given by gavage 30 min before indomethacin and repeated at 3 h intervals for two doses. Rats were killed 2 h after the last dose of molsidomine. Aspirin (500 mg/kg) was given by gavage and repeated 2.5 h later. Molsidomine or distilled water was given 30 min before the initial aspirin dose and repeated after 2 h. Animals were killed 2.5 h after the second dose of aspirin. The severity of the gastric mucosal damage was graded from 0 to 3, and the duodenal bulb ulcer surface area calculated by two independent observers using a dissecting microscope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Indomethacin and aspirin resulted in significant gastric mucosal damage with median scores of 2 (interquartile ranges 1.4-3, n = 16 and 2-3, n = 10, respectively). Molsidomine significantly ameliorated indomethacin- and aspirin-induced damage with median scores of 1 (interquartile ranges 0.5-1.5, n = 19 and 0.6-1.9, n = 10, respectively; P<0.008 and P<0.02, respectively (Mann-Whitney Utest)). Molsidomine had no effect on duodenal bulb ulcerations caused by indomethacin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral molsidomine has a protective effect on gastric mucosa against damage induced by ulcerogenic agents. This could have an important clinical benefit, especially in cardiac patients taking aspirin in addition to a nitric oxide donor such as molsidomine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon. fmourad@aub.edu.lb
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Mourad
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khuri
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shouaib
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Nassar
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001241:Aspirin / Q000009:adverse effects; D004381:Duodenal Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects*; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000009:adverse effects; D008981:Molsidomine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D008981:Molsidomine; D001241:Aspirin; D007213:Indomethacin