title: Salvage cryotherapy for recurrent prostate cancer after radiation therapy: the Columbia experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cryotherapy of the prostate represents a potential treatment for localized recurrent prostate cancer after radiation therapy. We report our experience and evaluate the predictive factors for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between October 1994 and April 1999, 43 patients underwent salvage cryoablation. All patients had biopsy-proven recurrent prostate cancer without seminal vesicle invasion, negative bone scans, and negative lymph node dissection. Patients had received 3 months of combined hormonal therapy before cryosurgery. Biochemical recurrence-free survival (bRFS) was defined as a PSA value less than 0.1 ng/mL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complications included incontinence (9%), obstruction (5%), urethral stricture (5%), rectal pain (26%), urinary infection (9%), scrotal edema (12%), and hematuria (5%). The mean follow-up was 21.9 months (range 1.2 to 54). Twenty-six patients (60%) reached a serum PSA nadir less than 0.1 ng/mL, 16 (37%) had a PSA less than 4 ng/mL, and 1 (3%) had a PSA less than 10 ng/mL. The bRFS rate was 79% at 6 months and 66% at 12 months. The bRFS rate was higher for patients who had an undetectable postcryotherapy PSA than for patients who did not reach a PSA less than 0. 1 ng/mL (73% versus 30%, P = 0.0076). Using multivariate analysis, a PSA nadir greater than 0.1 ng/mL was an independent predictor of PSA recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Current salvage cryotherapy of the prostate can result in undetectable serum PSA levels with low morbidity. Our data support the current safety and efficacy profile. We believe that cryotherapy is a viable option in the treatment of patients who have biopsy-proven local failure after radiation therapy for prostate cancer. Further refinements in technique and equipment may enhance cryosurgical results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de la Taille
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hayek
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Benson
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bagiella
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Olsson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fatal
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Katz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017679:Cryotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000628:therapy*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen