title: Correlation of intraurethral ultrasonography and needle electromyography of the urethra.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To correlate structural intraurethral ultrasound findings with needle electromyography of striated urethral sphincters in young continent nulliparas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three nulliparas, each less than 35 years old and without pelvic floor disorders, were recruited at Methodist Hospital in Indianapolis, Indiana, and the University of Louisville in Louisville, Kentucky. Each had concentric needle electromyography of their urethra to localize their striated urethral sphincter. Intraurethral ultrasound was used to identify the needle tip and layer in which it was found, examine the sonographic appearance of periurethral anatomy, and measure the thickness of hypoechoic and outer hyperechoic layers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three layers were seen on intraurethral ultrasound: a mildly hyperechoic inner layer, a hypoechoic middle layer, and a hyperechoic outer layer. The concentric needle tip was seen in all subjects and showed motor unit action potentials when located in the outer hyperechoic layer. The mean thickness of the hypoechoic layer was 2.5 mm, and the mean thickness of the outer hyperechoic layer was 2.6 mm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Motor unit action potentials showed that striated muscle was present in the outer hyperechoic layer on intraurethral ultrasound, implying that it contains the striated urethral sphincter.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Methodist Hospital, Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA. jfischer317@msn.com
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Heit
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Benson
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials; D000328:Adult; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014521:Urethra / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology*