title: Pain relief with intracameral mepivacaine during phacoemulsification.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy and safety of an intraoperative intracameral injection of mepivacaine, administered when patients experienced pain during the course of cataract surgery under topical anaesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a prospective placebo controlled double masked randomised clinical trial. 50 eyes were included; 25 receiving the active compound and 25 receiving placebo. Mepivacaine (2%, 0.4 ml) or placebo was administered intraoperatively under the iris of the patients who experienced pain during the course of phacoemulsification in spite of previous topical anaesthesia. Efficacy was evaluated by the patients themselves using a five point subjective pain rating scale, the Keele verbal pain chart. Safety was measured by assessing intraocular inflammation (clinical evaluation and laser flare meter), intraocular pressure, and endothelial cell count.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pain rating score significantly diminished after intracameral injection in the mepivacaine group (mean 3.0 (95% CI 2.6-3.4) v 0.8 (0.3-1.3), p<10(-4))) while remaining unchanged in the placebo group (2.9 (2.6-3.2) v 2.9 (2.5-3. 3)), the mean reduction in pain score being significantly different between the two groups (p<10(-4)). There was no indication of increased postoperative ocular inflammation, intraocular pressure change, or endothelial cell loss.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that it may not be necessary to systematically add intracameral anaesthesia with topical anaesthesia for cataract surgery. An intraoperative intracameral injection, performed only in patients who happen to suffer during surgery, is safe and effective.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, INSERM CJF 95-10, University Hospital, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Malecaze
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Deneuville
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Julia
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Daurin
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Chapotot
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Grandjean
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Arné
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rascol
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D008297:Male; D008619:Mepivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018918:Phacoemulsification / Q000379:methods*; D015990:Placebo Effect; D010919:Placebos; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D010919:Placebos; D008619:Mepivacaine