title: Demographically corrected norms for the California Verbal Learning Test.
abstract: The California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) is designed to quantify components of verbal learning, retention and retrieval. The present study used multiple regression analyses to correct for demographic characteristics on CVLT performance measures. There were 906 subjects, of whom 549 were Caucasians (61%) and 357 were African Americans (39%). Age, education, ethnicity, and gender were found to be significant predictors of performance on several CVLT indices, including Total Words Recalled, Trial 1, Trial 5, List B, Short Delay Free Recall (SDFR), and Long Delay Free Recall (LDFR). Demographically corrected T-scores were calculated for a base sample of 672 subjects and cross-validated on 234 separate subjects. Tables and regression equations are offered to convert raw scores into T-scores corrected for age, gender, education, and ethnicity. Demographically corrected Recognition Discriminability cutoff scores were calculated for age and education levels. In order to provide some indices of important memory processes, we also computed indices of retrieval, Short-Delay forgetting and Long-Delay forgetting and present normative information for them.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA. mnorman@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Norman
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Heaton
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term; D011939:Mental Recall; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011594:Psychometrics; D012016:Reference Values; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012153:Retention, Psychology; D014706:Verbal Learning; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology*