title: Low-saturated fat, low-cholesterol diet in 3-year-old children: effect on intake and composition of trans fatty acids and other fatty acids in serum phospholipid fraction-The STRIP study. Special Turku coronary Risk factor Intervention Project for children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated whether replacing a proportion of saturated fat with vegetable oils in the diet of young children increases trans fatty acid intake.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dietary counseling aimed to reach a dietary fat ratio of unsaturated to saturated fat of 2:1 within a total fat intake of 30% to 35% of energy (E%). Four-day food records of 813 3-year-old children were analyzed, and serum phospholipid fatty acid compositions of 25 randomly selected intervention children and 17 control children were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  trans fatty acid intake of the intervention and control children was small (0.8 E% and 0.6 E%, respectively; P <.001). The relative content of serum phospholipid trans 18:1 was closely similar in intervention and control children (1.0% and 0.9% of all fatty acids, respectively). Trans fatty acid intake and serum trans 18:1 correlated poorly with children's serum cholesterol and HDL cholesterol concentrations and inversely with serum phospholipid arachidonic to linoleic acid ratio (r = -0.373).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Trans fatty acid intake of children in Finland is minimal. Dietary intervention replacing saturated with unsaturated fatty acids is safe because it does not increase trans fatty acid intake or the relative content of trans fatty acids in the serum phospholipid fraction.
authors.affiliation: Cardiorespiratory Research Unit and the Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, and Clinical Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Salo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Seppänen-Laakso
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Laakso
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Seppänen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Niinikoski
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Viikari
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Simell
mesh_terms: D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000097:blood; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003376:Counseling; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis; D002149:Energy Intake; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis; D005387:Finland; D006801:Humans; D007536:Isomerism; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008499:Medical Records; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D010743:Phospholipids; D010938:Plant Oils; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D002784:Cholesterol; D019787:Linoleic Acid