title: Investigating potential associations between chronic exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and infectious disease mortality in harbour porpoises from England and Wales.
abstract: Bioaccumulation of immunosuppressive organochlorines like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) may pose a threat to the health and viability of cetacean populations. To investigate possible associations between chronic exposure to PCBs and infectious disease mortality in harbour porpoises Phocoena phocoena in UK waters, blubber concentrations of 25 individual chlorobiphenyl (CB) congeners in 34 healthy harbour porpoises that died due to physical trauma (mainly by-catch) were compared with CB concentrations in 33 animals that died due to infectious disease. The infectious disease group had significantly greater total 25 CBs (sigma 25CBs) concentrations than the physical trauma group (P < 0.001). The mean sigma 25CBs concentration in animals that died due to physical trauma was 13.6 mg kg-1 extractable lipid whereas the mean concentration in the infectious disease group was 31.1 mg kg-1 extractable lipid. The relationship between higher sigma 25CBs and the infectious disease group was not confounded by age, sex, nutritional status, season, location or year of stranding. In addition, adult females had significantly lower sigma 25CBs levels than adult males (P < 0.05) due to maternal transfer of CBs to offspring. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that chronic PCB exposure predisposes harbour porpoises in UK waters to infectious disease mortality, although further research is required to test these associations more robustly.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, UK. paul.jepson@ioz.ac.uk
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Jepson
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Allchin
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Law
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuiken
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rogan
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kirkwood
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D002423:Cause of Death; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000401:mortality / Q000662:veterinary*; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D008297:Male; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D019576:Porpoises; D012737:Sex Factors; D014852:Wales / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls