title: Sense of control and adjustment to breast cancer: the importance of balancing control coping styles.
abstract: The relationship of modes of control and desire for control to psychosocial adjustment in women with breast cancer was examined. Fifty-eight women with stage I or stage II breast cancer were surveyed shortly after their diagnosis and again 4 and 8 months later. The authors hypothesized that a control profile in which individuals use a positive yielding (i.e., accepting) mode of control in conjunction with an assertive mode results in better adjustment than relying exclusively or primarily on an assertive mode. Results lend preliminary support to this hypothesis. At 8-month follow-up, those women who had a high desire for control and were low in positive yielding control showed the poorest adjustment, whereas those high in desire and the positive yielding mode showed the best psychosocial adjustment. The findings suggest that balanced use of active and yielding control efforts may lead to optimal psychosocial adjustment and quality of life in the face of life-threatening illnesses.
authors.affiliation: Stanford Center for Research and Disease Prevention, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA. astin@scrdp.stanford.edu
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Astin
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Anton-Culver
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McQuade
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Breuer
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kurosaki
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001242:Assertiveness; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011788:Quality of Life; D012803:Sick Role