title: Acute attenuation of translation initiation and protein synthesis by glucocorticoids in skeletal muscle.
abstract: Glucocorticoids are diabetogenic factors that not only antagonize the action of insulin in target tissues but also render these tissues catabolic. Therefore, in rats, we endeavored to characterize the effects in skeletal muscle of glucocorticoids on translation initiation, a regulated process that, in part, governs overall protein synthesis through the modulated activities of eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs). Four hours after intraperitoneal administration of dexamethasone (100 microg/100 g body wt), protein synthesis in skeletal muscle was reduced to 59% of the value recorded in untreated control animals. Furthermore, translation initiation factor eIF4E preferred association with its endogenous inhibitor 4E-BP1 rather than eIF4G. Dexamethasone treatment resulted in dephosphorylation of both 4E-BP1 and the 40S ribosomal protein S6 kinase concomitant with enhanced phosphorylation of eIF4E. Moreover, the guanine nucleotide exchange activity of eIF2B was unaffected as was phosphorylation of the alpha-subunit of eIF2. Hence glucocorticoids negatively modulate the activation of a subset of the protein synthetic machinery, thereby contributing to the catabolic properties of this class of hormones in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA.
authors.forename: O J
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kimball
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Jefferson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015852:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D039561:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E; D039603:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4G; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006150:Guanine Nucleotides / Q000378:metabolism; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008297:Male; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010448:Peptide Initiation Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; C499526:Eif4ebp1 protein, rat; D015852:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2; D039561:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E; D039603:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4G; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D006150:Guanine Nucleotides; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D010448:Peptide Initiation Factors; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D003907:Dexamethasone; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases