title: Increased QT dispersion in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the QT dispersion in unselected patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus to non-diabetic control subjects and to assess the association between the QT dispersion and cardiac autonomic neuropathy, ischaemic heart disease, blood pressure level and nephropathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  42 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and 80 control subjects aged 40-57 years participated. The QT interval was measured in a resting 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) and the QT dispersion defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum QT interval. Bazett's formula was used to correct for heart rate (QTc). The degree of cardiac autonomic neuropathy was assessed by five function tests and ischaemic heart disease was defined by a previous myocardial infarction, ECG abnormalities or a positive exercise test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to control subjects, diabetic patients had a longer QTc interval (433 vs. 416 ms; P=0.002) and a higher QT dispersion (36 vs. 30 ms; P=0.02). In the diabetic group, the QTc interval was prolonged in patients with autonomic neuropathy (449 vs. 420 ms; P=0.007) and the QT dispersion was increased in patients with ischaemic heart disease (51 vs. 33 ms; P=0.004). No association was found to urinary albumin excretion rate or blood pressure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The QT dispersion as well as the QTc interval is increased in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The association between QT dispersion and ischaemic heart disease indicates that abnormalities in cardiac repolarisation may be caused by complications to diabetes rather than diabetes in itself.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology (Research Unit), Skejby University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark. arildsen@dadlnet.dk
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arildsen
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: May
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Christiansen
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Damsgaard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011379:Prognosis