title: Computer aided surgery with special focus on neuronavigation.
abstract: The term computer aided surgery (CAS) is now mainly used for an intraoperative navigation within the body combining a 3D-digitizer with preoperative CT/MR-imaging. This method has become indispensable in neurosurgery for the removal of deep-seated and/or critically located intracranial tumors and vascular malformations. Also ENT surgery within the paranasal sinuses and setting of pedicle screws in orthopedic surgery profit greatly from the high targeting precision of CAS. And still a growing number of surgical disciplines are employing this method. Today infrared-optical 3D-digitizers are state of the art, but electromagnetic spatial digitizing using novel, miniature localizers is promising, too. The results of our CAS study 1994-mid-1997 with 50 patients suffering from small intracranial lesions are presented.
authors.affiliation: Neurosurgical University Clinic, Cantonal Hospital, Basel, Switzerland. hans.reinhardt@bluewin.ch
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Reinhardt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trippel
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Westermann
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gratzl
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001863:Bone Screws; D001921:Brain / Q000601:surgery*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D055590:Electromagnetic Phenomena / Q000295:instrumentation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation; D007223:Infant; D007259:Infrared Rays; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000601:surgery; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008904:Miniaturization; D055095:Optics and Photonics / Q000295:instrumentation; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures; D010256:Paranasal Sinuses / Q000601:surgery; D013813:Therapy, Computer-Assisted; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed