title: Cbl-b regulates the CD28 dependence of T-cell activation.
abstract: Whereas co-stimulation of the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) and CD28 triggers T-cell activation, stimulation of the TCR alone may result in an anergic state or T-cell deletion, both possible mechanisms of tolerance induction. Here we show that T cells that are deficient in the adaptor molecule Cbl-b (ref. 3) do not require CD28 engagement for interleukin-2 production, and that the Cbl-b-null mutation (Cbl-b(-/-)) fully restores T-cell-dependent antibody responses in CD28-/- mice. The main TCR signalling pathways, such as tyrosine kinases Zap-70 and Lck, Ras/mitogen-activated kinases, phospholipase Cgamma-1 and Ca2+ mobilization, were not affected in Cbl-b(-/-) T cells. In contrast, the activation of Vav, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rac1/Rho/CDC42, was significantly enhanced. Our findings indicate that Cbl-b may influence the CD28 dependence of T-cell activation by selectively suppressing TCR-mediated Vav activation. Mice deficient in Cbl-b are highly susceptible to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, suggesting that the dysregulation of signalling pathways modulated by Cbl-b may also contribute to human autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA.
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kole
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naramura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukuhara
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: I K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Gutkind
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shevach
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gu
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000818:Animals; D015551:Autoimmunity; D018106:CD28 Antigens / Q000276:immunology*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002460:Cell Line; D018390:Gene Targeting; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors / Q000502:physiology; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D050721:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-cbl; D051567:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-vav; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D018106:CD28 Antigens; D002352:Carrier Proteins; C118387:Cblb protein, mouse; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors; D007376:Interleukin-2; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051567:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-vav; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; C496619:Vav1 protein, mouse; C492211:CBLB protein, human; D050721:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-cbl; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases