title: Granisetron, droperidol, and metoclopramide for the treatment of established postoperative nausea and vomiting in women undergoing gynecologic surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate granisetron, droperidol, and metoclopramide for efficacy and safety in the treatment of established postoperative nausea and vomiting after major gynecologic surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred twenty postoperative female patients were monitored for the first 3 hours after anesthesia in the postanesthesia care unit and for the next 24 hours after anesthesia in the ward. Patients who had postoperative nausea and vomiting within the first 3 hours after anesthesia received intravenously, in a randomized double-blind manner, 40 microg/kg granisetron, 20 microg/kg droperidol, or 0.2 mg/kg metoclopramide. Patients were then observed for 24 hours after drug administration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete control of established postoperative nausea and vomiting, defined as no emesis and no need for another rescue antiemetic medication, was more frequent among the patients who had received granisetron (88%) than among those who had received droperidol (55%) or metoclopramide (50%) (P <.05). The severity of nausea was less in patients who had received granisetron than in those who had received droperidol or metoclopramide (P <.05). No clinically adverse events were observed in any of the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Granisetron is more effective than droperidol or metoclopramide for the treatment of established postoperative nausea and vomiting during the first 3 hours after anesthesia in patients undergoing major gynecologic operations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Tsukuba Institute of Clinical Medicine, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Somekawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000009:adverse effects; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004329:Droperidol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D017829:Granisetron / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures; D006801:Humans; D008787:Metoclopramide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009325:Nausea / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D014839:Vomiting / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D000932:Antiemetics; D004329:Droperidol; D017829:Granisetron; D008787:Metoclopramide