title: Modeling of subcritical penetration into sediments due to interface roughness
abstract: Recent experimental results reveal acoustic penetration into sandy sediments at grazing angles below the critical angle. A mechanism for this subcritical penetration is described based on scattering at a rough water-sediment interface. Using perturbation theory, a numerically tractable three-dimensional model is used for simulating experiments. The rough interface scattering has been treated using formally averaged methods as well as with single rough surface realizations. Data-model comparisons show that scattering by interface roughness is a viable hypothesis for the observed subcritical penetration.
authors.affiliation: Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle 98105, USA.
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Thorsos
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Williams