title: Amalgam shear bond strength to dentin using single-bottle primer/adhesive systems.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the in vitro shear bond strengths (SBS) of a spherical amalgam alloy (Tytin) to dentin using several single-bottle primer/adhesive systems both alone: Single Bond (SB), OptiBond Solo (Sol), Prime & Bond 2.1 (PB), One-Step (OS) and in combination with the manufacturer's supplemental amalgam bonding agent: Single Bond w/3M RelyX ARC (SBX) and Prime & Bond 2.1 w/Amalgam Bonding Accessory Kit (PBA). Two, three-component adhesive systems, Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (SBMP) and Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus w/light curing (S + V) and w/o light curing (S+) were used for comparison.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred eight extracted human third molars were mounted lengthwise in phenolic rings with acrylic resin. The proximal surfaces were ground to expose a flat dentin surface, then polished to 600 grit silicon carbide paper. The teeth were randomly assigned to 9 groups (n = 12), and dentin surfaces in each group were treated with an adhesive system according to the manufacturer's instructions, except for S + V specimens, where the adhesive was light cured for 10 s before placing the amalgam. Specimens were then secured in a split Teflon mold, having a 3 mm diameter opening and amalgam was triturated and condensed onto the treated dentin surfaces. Twenty minutes after condensation, the split mold was separated. Specimens were placed in distilled water for 24 hrs, then thermocycled (300 cycles, between 5 degrees C and 55 degrees C, with 12 s dwell time). All specimens were stored in 37 degrees C distilled water for 7 days, prior to shear strength testing using a Zwick Universal Testing Machine at a cross-head speed of 0.5 mm/min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The highest to the lowest mean dentin shear bond strength values (MPa) for the adhesive systems tested were: S + V (10.3 +/- 2.3), SBX (10.2 +/- 3.5), PBA, (6.4 +/- 3.6), SOL (5.8 +/- 2.5), SBMP (5.7 +/- 1.8), S+ (4.8 +/- 2.3), PB (2.7 +/- 2.6), SB (2.7 +/- 1.1) and OS (2.5 +/- 1.8). One-way ANOVA and Duncan's Multiple Range Test indicated significant differences among groups. SBX and S + V produced significantly higher amalgam to dentin shear bond strengths than all other adhesive systems. Bond strengths of amalgam to dentin for the single-bottle adhesives, SOL and PBA were comparable to the three-component systems, SBMP and S+ and were significantly greater than OS, SB and PB (P < 0.05).
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, USA. deborah-cobb@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Cobb
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Denehy
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Vargas
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003722:Dental Alloys; D003723:Dental Amalgam; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003804:Dentin; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008963:Molar; D019279:Resin Cements; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D019279:Resin Cements; C036886:tytin; D003723:Dental Amalgam