title: Clinical evaluation of amalgam bonding in Class I and II restorations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many dental practitioners are bonding amalgam to tooth structure. Although in vitro studies support this procedure, its efficacy has not been adequately confirmed in the clinical environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors placed traditional Class I and Class II bonded and unbonded amalgam restorations in 76 patients. Panavia 21 (J. Morita USA Inc.) was the bonding agent selected, and Aristaloy CR (Englehard Dental) and Tytin (Kerr Corp.) were the amalgam alloys used. Postoperative sensitivity and marginal fracture were evaluated at yearly intervals, for up to three years of clinical service.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the patients' appointment for polishing one to two weeks after restoration placement, and at each yearly recall appointment, the authors found no significant difference in postoperative sensitivity between bonded and unbonded restorations for either amalgam alloy (chi 2 analysis, alpha = .05). In addition, there was no significant difference between bonded and unbonded restorations for either amalgam alloy with respect to marginal fracture (analysis of variance and Tukey's contrasts at alpha = .05). Moreover, no cusp fractures were observed for either bonded or unbonded restorations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After three years of clinical service, amalgam bonding for traditional Class I and Class II restorations had no effect on postoperative sensitivity or marginal integrity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The merit of using adhesive bonding agents for traditional Class I and Class II amalgam restorations was not demonstrated in this three-year clinical study.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Department of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201-3097, USA.
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Mahler
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Engle
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003722:Dental Alloys; D003723:Dental Amalgam; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000379:methods*; D003807:Dentin Sensitivity / Q000175:diagnosis; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D010710:Phosphates; D019279:Resin Cements; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys; C093719:Panavia TPN-S; D010710:Phosphates; D019279:Resin Cements; C036886:tytin; D003723:Dental Amalgam