title: Characterization of a foldase, protein disulfide isomerase A, in the protein secretory pathway of Aspergillus niger.
abstract: Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is important in assisting the folding and maturation of secretory proteins in eukaryotes. A gene, pdiA, encoding PDIA was previously isolated from Aspergillus niger, and we report its functional characterization here. Functional analysis of PDIA showed that it catalyzes the refolding of denatured and reduced RNase A. pdiA also complemented PDI function in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae Deltapdi1 mutant in a yeast-based killer toxin assay. Levels of pdiA mRNA and PDIA protein were raised by the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. This response of pdiA mRNA levels was slower and lower in magnitude than that of A. niger bipA, suggesting that the induction of pdiA is not part of the primary stress response. An increased level of pdiA transcripts was also observed in two A. niger strains overproducing a heterologous protein, hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL). Although overexpression of PDI has been successful in increasing yields of some heterologous proteins in S. cerevisiae, overexpression of PDIA did not increase secreted yields of HEWL in A. niger, suggesting that PDIA itself is not limiting for secretion of this protein. Downregulation of pdiA by antisense mRNA reduced the levels of microsomal PDIA activity by up to 50%, lowered the level of PDIA as judged by Western blots, and lowered the secreted levels of glucoamylase by 60 to 70%.
authors.affiliation: Division of Food Safety Sciences, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ngiam
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Jeenes
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Punt
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Van Den Hondel
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Archer
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D001234:Aspergillus niger / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D000001:Calcimycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004229:Dithiothreitol / Q000494:pharmacology; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008861:Microsomes / Q000378:metabolism; D011489:Protein Denaturation; D019704:Protein Disulfide-Isomerases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D017510:Protein Folding; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012259:Ribonuclease, Pancreatic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014170:Transformation, Genetic
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C107551:TigA protein, Aspergillus niger; D000001:Calcimycin; D012259:Ribonuclease, Pancreatic; D019704:Protein Disulfide-Isomerases; D004229:Dithiothreitol