title: Demineralizing effect of dental cements on human dentin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to verify the hypothesis that dentin surfaces are demineralized during placement of four kinds of chemically setting cements (zinc phosphate cement, luting glass-ionomer cement, restorative glass-ionomer cement, and zinc polycarboxylate cement).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty cemented dentin disks were observed under scanning electron microscopy and with confocal laser scanning microscopy after use of an argon-ion etching technique. To determine the surface effects of the cements, 30 dentin surfaces were treated with 1 of 6 freshly mixed cements (5 per group) for 60 seconds. The disks were subjected to rinsing with a water spray and ultrasonic washing prior to scanning electron microscopic observation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Observation of cemented dentin specimens revealed that the dentin was not completely demineralized at the interface formed by the cement and dentin and that the extent and depth of demineralization along the interface tended to be nonuniform. Zinc phosphate cement caused the greatest demineralization of dentin, followed by luting glass-ionomer cement. The extent of demineralization with restorative glass-ionomer cement or zinc polycarboxylate cement was less discernible. Confocal laser scanning microscopy generally confirmed scanning electron microscopic observations and revealed that most of the specimens showed close adaptation of the cements to the dentin surfaces.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acid-containing cements have self-etching properties that are effective, to various degrees, in removing the smear layer and promoting close adaptation to dentin surfaces.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inokoshi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tagami
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Antonucci
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011076:Polycarboxylate Cement / Q000737:chemistry; D016369:Smear Layer; D013499:Surface Properties; D017001:Tooth Demineralization; D015036:Zinc Phosphate Cement / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D011076:Polycarboxylate Cement; D015036:Zinc Phosphate Cement