title: The buffering effect of middle ear negative pressure by retraction of the pars tensa.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure the middle ear (ME) volume displaced when the pars tensa (PT) retracts during conditions of atelectasis (AT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Measurements were carried out on AT tympanic membrane (TM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Measurements were carried out on ambulatory patients in a private clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-nine patients treated for otologic disorders who came for a routine follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Quantitative assessment of ME volume displaced by retraction of the PT was achieved by measuring the amount of fluid needed to fill up the retracted part of a TM. The fluid-3% aqueous boric acid solution was colored with gentian violet.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retraction of the PT may prevent formation of high ME negative pressure by reducing the ME volume. Retraction of the PT acts as a pressure buffer according to Boyls law, in which volume x pressure = constant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Direct correlation was found between the degree of AT and the ME volume displaced by the AT. Measurements of 12 AT ears grade I showed them to have a volume of 5 microL to 31 microL (average, 19.5 microL) and ten AT ears grade II had a volume of 15 microL to 87 microL (average, 39.5 microL). Eight AT ears grade III had a volume of 26 microL to 67 microL (average, 54.3 microL), and nine AT ears grade IV had 80 microL to 200 microL (average, 130.6 microL).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Retraction of the PT may counteract an important potential negative ME pressure (up to several hundred millimeters of water) depending on the degree of retraction and the extent of mastoid pneumatization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sadé
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018424:Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010034:Otitis Media with Effusion / Q000150:complications; D011312:Pressure; D014432:Tympanic Membrane / Q000502:physiology*