title: Balanitis xerotica obliterans with urethral stricture after hypospadias repair.
abstract: Three cases of urethral stricture due to balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO) after hypospadias repair are reported. The first patient showed white, dense scarring on the prepuce before the hypospadias repair and developed a stricture of the urethra after the operation. The second and the third were uneventful for 6 and 2 years, respectively, after the hypospadias repair, and then developed urethral strictures. Pathologic diagnosis of the stenotic lesion is essential. Complete excision of the affected urethra with topical steroid ointment or sublesional triamcinolone injection is recommended for this condition. Although the complication of BXO after hypospadias repair is rare (3 out of 796 cases with hypospadias in our series), surgeons need to be aware of this condition as a cause for late onset of urethral problems.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uemura
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hutson
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Woodward
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Chow
mesh_terms: D001446:Balanitis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D001706:Biopsy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D010413:Penis / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology; D014525:Urethral Stricture / Q000209:etiology*