title: Grip and key pinch strength: norms for 15- to 22-year-old Chinese students.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Establishment of norms for hand strength is emerging worldwide and is both important and necessary in public health and hand surgery. The purpose of this study was to establish normative data for hand grip and key pinch strength for 15- to 22-year-old Chinese students.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Jamar dynamometer was used to measure grip strength and the Jamar pinch gauge to measure key pinch strength. All subjects were free of disease or injury that might affect hand strength. All complementary factors such as age, sex, height, weight, dominant hand for writing and exercise were recorded. The influences of injury, exercise and living habits on the performance of hand strength were also examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of a total of 2,982 students examined, there were nine men (0.39%) who used the left hand for writing, 143 men (6.27%) who used the left hand during exercise, two women (0.28%) who wrote with the left hand and 26 women (3.70%) who used the left hand during exercise. The mean grip and key pinch strength of the left hand was about 90% that of the right hand. The mean grip and key pinch strength of the women was about 60% that of men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A strong correlation between the right hand and the left hand in grip and key pinch strength was found. Whether nonanthropometric factors may affect hand strengths was explored as well.
authors.affiliation: Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D012737:Sex Factors