title: The effect of interferential therapy upon cutaneous blood flow in humans.
abstract: The aim of the current controlled and blinded study was to investigate the effect of various interferential current frequencies upon cutaneous blood flow in humans using laser Doppler flowmetry, in an attempt to define the physiological mechanisms involved. Following approval from the university's ethical committee, 50 healthy volunteers (25 male, 25 female; age 18-34 years) were randomly allocated into one of five experimental groups: (i) control; neither suction nor interferential current was applied, (ii) placebo; suction only was applied, (iii) IFT 1; 10-100 Hz beat frequency applied, (iv) IFT 2; 80-100 Hz beat frequency applied, and (v) IFT 3; 10-20 Hz beat frequency applied. In the IFT groups, interferential currents were applied through four suction electrodes positioned to target the quadriceps femoris muscle. The following parameters were used in all IFT groups: 125 micros pulse duration, 4 kHz carrier frequency and a 6/6 sweep. In IFT groups 1 and 2 only, the rotating vector system was made active. Ambient and skin temperatures were measured concomitantly. Repeated-measures ANOVA showed a significant difference between groups (P=0.0361) and over time (P=0.0001) for blood flow data; one-factor ANOVA showed a significant increase in blood flow in the IFT 3 group (10-20 Hz) when compared to all experimental groups at 12 min (P=0.0156). In addition, at 21 min, there were significant differences between the IFT 3 group and all other groups except control (P=0.0213). Statistical analysis of skin temperature data demonstrated significant differences over time (P=0.0001) and a significant interactive effect (P=0.0022), with no significant differences observed between groups. These findings provide some evidence of a putative vasodilatory effect caused by interferential current therapy when applied through suction electrodes at a modulated frequency of 10-20 Hz.
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation Sciences Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of Ulster at Jordanstown, Northern Ireland.
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Noble
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Cramp
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Lowe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D004912:Erythrocytes; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D008297:Male; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012881:Skin Temperature; D014463:Ultrasonography