title: Periventricular leukomalacia: relationship between lateral ventricular volume on brain MR images and severity of cognitive and motor impairment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the utility of lateral ventricular volume measurements in predicting motor and cognitive impairment severity in children with periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), with or without seizures.
  
  
  METHODS
  The charts of children with spastic cerebral palsy and PVL documented on brain magnetic resonance (MR) images were reviewed. Affected children were grouped by motor and cognitive impairment severity and seizure disorder. An age-matched control group was established. Lateral ventricular volumes were measured on two-dimensional T2-weighted spin-echo MR images. Analysis of variance was used to identify significant differences in mean lateral ventricular volume between groups. Paired analyses of differences were performed with the Bonferroni t method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-six children (24 boys, 12 girls) with spastic cerebral palsy and PVL and 21 age-matched control subjects (14 boys, seven girls) were identified. Mean lateral ventricular volumes of the moderate and marked motor deficit groups were significantly larger than those of the control and mild motor deficit groups (F = 29.24; alpha = .01). Mean lateral ventricular volumes of all cognitive impairment groups were significantly larger than those of the control and no-cognitive-impairment groups (F = 21.101 alpha = .01). There was no difference in mean lateral ventricular volume between children with PVL with or without seizures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lateral ventricular volume measurements can be used as quantitative markers of clinical impairment severity and as clinical outcome predictors before formal testing is possible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287-2182, USA. emelhem@rad.jhu.edu
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Melhem
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Hoon
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Ferrucci
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Reinhardt
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Demetrides
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Johnston
mesh_terms: D001925:Brain Damage, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007360:Intelligence / Q000502:physiology; D007969:Leukomalacia, Periventricular / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D011379:Prognosis; D012640:Seizures / Q000175:diagnosis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity