title: Neonatal tumor necrosis factor alpha promotes diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice by CD154-independent antigen presentation to CD8(+) T cells.
abstract: Neonatal islet-specific expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in nonobese diabetic mice promotes diabetes by provoking islet-infiltrating antigen-presenting cells to present islet peptides to autoreactive T cells. Here we show that TNF-alpha promotes autoaggression of both effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. Whereas CD8(+) T cells are critical for diabetes progression, CD4(+) T cells play a lesser role. TNF-alpha-mediated diabetes development was not dependent on CD154-CD40 signals or activated CD4(+) T cells. Instead, it appears that TNF-alpha can promote cross-presentation of islet antigen to CD8(+) T cells using a unique CD40-CD154-independent pathway. These data provide new insights into the mechanisms by which inflammatory stimuli can bypass CD154-CD40 immune regulatory signals and cause activation of autoreactive T cells.
authors.affiliation: Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eshima
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mora
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Flavell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D017951:Antigen Presentation / Q000276:immunology*; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D023201:CD40 Ligand; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; C083728:MHC class II transactivator protein; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin; D023201:CD40 Ligand