title: A systematic review of treatments for settling problems and night waking in young children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy of treatments for settling problems and night waking in young children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review of randomised controlled trials of interventions for settling problems and night waking in young children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Electronic bibliographic databases and references on identified papers, hand searches, and personal contact with specialists.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children aged 5 years or less who had established settling problems or night waking.
  
  
  METHODS
  Interventions had to be described and a placebo, waiting list, or another intervention needed to have been used as a comparison. Interventions comprised drug trials or non-drug trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  Number of wakes at night, time to settle, or number of nights in which these problems occurred.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Drugs seemed to be effective in treating night waking in the short term, but long term efficacy was questionable. In contrast, specific behavioural interventions showed both short term efficacy and possible longer term effects for dealing with settling problems and night waking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given the prevalence and persistence of childhood sleep problems and the effects they can have on children and families, treatments that offer long lasting benefits are appealing and these are likely to be behavioural interventions.
authors.affiliation: University of Oxford Section of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Park Hospital for Children, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LQ. paulgulab@aol.com
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ramchandani
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wiggs
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stores
mesh_terms: D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000592:standards; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000502:physiology*