title: Psychiatric disorders in 8-9-year-old children based on a diagnostic interview with the parents.
abstract: Using three questionnaires, the Rutter Parent Questionnaire (RA2), The Rutter Teacher Questionnaire (RB2) and the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), we screened 8-9-year-old children representing a total annual birth cohort (N = 60007) in Finland. In a second stage we interviewed the parents of 119 screen negative, and 316 screen positive children by using a structured parent interview. At the population level the overall prevalence rate for psychiatric disturbance was 21.8%, higher among boys (29.8%) than among girls (12.8%). Nine percent of the children were in urgent need of treatment and, in addition, 25% were in need of assessment. The prevalence of different levels of disturbance was: reactive 9.5%; neurotic 18.4%; borderline 3.1%; and other severe disorders 2.3%. The prevalence of different diagnostic groups were: anxiety disorder 5.2%; depressive disorder 6.2%; specific fears 2.4%; defiant and conduct disorder 4.7%; and attention-deficit hyperactivity-disorder 7.1%. The prevalence for the most common single first Axis-I DSM-III-R diagnoses were: attention-deficit hyperactivity-disorder 7%; dysthymia 4.6%; adjustment disorder with mixed disturbance of emotion and conduct 3.4%; oppositional defiant disorder 2.7%; specific fear 1.7%; anxiety disorder 1.5%; enuresis nocturnal 1.5%; and depression 1.4%. Only 3.1% of the children had visited health professionals for psychiatric problems during the previous three months. Only a minority of the children with psychiatric disturbances had ever consulted health professionals for their problems. Of all the children, 7.5% had a severe psychiatric disturbance that had lasted for more than 3 years.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Finland. fredrik.almqvist@huch.fi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Almqvist
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Puura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kumpulainen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tuompo-Johansson
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Henttonen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Huikko
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Linna
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikäheimo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aronen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Katainen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Piha
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Moilanen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Räsänen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tamminen
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D010290:Parents; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012720:Severity of Illness Index