title: Enhanced delta-opioid receptor-mediated antinociception in mu-opioid receptor-deficient mice.
abstract: Inflammatory hyperalgesia was induced in wild-type, heterozygous and mu-opioid receptor knockout mice after an intraplantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant. micro-Opioid receptor knockout mice exhibited faster recovery from hyperalgesia as compared to heterozygous (P<0.05) and wild-type (P<0.01) mice. Naloxone restored hyperalgesia in all genotypes. Naltrindole (delta-opioid receptor-selective antagonist) partially restored the hyperalgesia only in mu-opioid receptor knockout mice (P<0.001). Nor-binaltorphimine (kappa-opioid receptor-selective antagonist) had no effect. The mu-opioid receptor-selective agonist, [D-Ala(2), MePhe(4),Gly-ol(5)]enkephalin (DAMGO), reduced the hyperalgesia in heterozygous and wild-type but not in mu-opioid receptor knockout mice while U69,593 ¿(+)-(5alpha,7alpha, 8beta)-N-methyl-N-[7-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1-oxaspiro[4. 5]dec-8-yl]-benzeneacetamide, kappa-opioid receptor-selective¿ produced similar effects in all mice. The delta-opioid receptor-selective agonists, [D-Pen(2), D-Pen(5)]enkephalin (DPDPE) and deltorphin ([D-Ala(2)]deltrophin-II), produced significantly greater antihyperalgesia in knockout mice (P<0.05). The findings suggest that mu-opioid receptors may be involved in the persistence of inflammatory hyperalgesia and that a delta-opioid receptor-mediated compensatory mechanism in the absence of the mu-opioid receptor is activated by persistent hyperalgesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Craniofacial Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Dental School, Room 5E-08, 666 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sora
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Uhl
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dubner
mesh_terms: D000698:Analgesia; D000818:Animals; D020875:Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)- / Q000494:pharmacology; D020881:Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)- / Q000494:pharmacology; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000209:etiology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009271:Naltrexone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D017465:Receptors, Opioid, delta / Q000502:physiology*; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D017465:Receptors, Opioid, delta; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu; D020875:Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; C051844:norbinaltorphimine; D009271:Naltrexone; D020881:Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; C055382:naltrindole