title: Bacterial endocarditis in neonatal intensive care.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To ascertain the incidence of bacterial endocarditis in a level III neonatal nursery. To document the clinical features, assess survival, and evaluate the role of central venous catheters in neonates with bacterial endocarditis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Index cases were identified by retrospective review of the echocardiographic records of infants admitted to the neonatal nursery from 1983 to 1995. Data obtained by review of the clinical records of these infants, and case-matched controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From January 1983 to December 1995, 12,249 infants were admitted to the Special Care Nursery. Eight infants with endocarditis were identified, an incidence of 0.07%. Presenting symptoms and signs were often vague and nonspecific. Gestation less than 32 weeks, birthweight less than 1500 g, thrombocytopenia and neutropenia or neutrophilia were common features. Infants with endocarditis had a significantly higher Clinical Risk Index for Babies score than those without endocarditis. The tricuspid valve was involved in seven infants, six of whom had a percutaneous central venous catheter in situ before diagnosis. Mitral valve involvement occurred in two infants, neither of whom had central lines inserted. However, compared to infants without endocarditis, the placement of a central venous line was not of statistical significance. Seven of the eight infants survived following prolonged antibiotic therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bacterial endocarditis is a rare but serious condition which is usually not fatal. In the premature newborn infant, presenting signs and symptoms are often nonspecific. Endocarditis should therefore be considered in the unwell very low birthweight infant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Mercy Hospital for Women, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Opie
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Drew
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Drew
mesh_terms: D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous; D004452:Echocardiography; D004697:Endocarditis, Bacterial / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors