title: A multichannel continuously selectable multifrequency electrical impedance spectroscopy measurement system.
abstract: There is increasing evidence that alterations in the electrical property spectrum of tissues below 10 MHz is diagnostic for tissue pathology and/or pathophysiology. Yet, the complexity associated with constructing a high-fidelity multichannel, multifrequency data acquisition instrument has limited widespread development of spectroscopic electrical impedance imaging concepts. To contribute to the relatively sparse experience with multichannel spectroscopy systems this paper reports on the design, realization and evaluation of a prototype 32-channel instrument. The salient features of the system include a continuously selectable driving frequency up to 1 MHz, either voltage or current source modes of operation and simultaneous measurement of both voltage and current on each channel in either of these driving configurations. Comparisons of performance with recently reported fixed-frequency systems is favorable. Volts dc (VDC) signal-to-noise ratios of 75-80 dB are achieved and the noise floor for ac signals is near 100 dB below the signal strength of interest at 10 kHz and 60 dB down at 1 MHz. The added benefit of being able to record multispectral information on source and sense signal amplitudes and phases has also been realized. Phase-sensitive detection schemes and multiperiod undersampling techniques have been deployed to ensure measurement fidelity over the full bandwidth of system operation.
authors.affiliation: Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hartov
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Mazzarese
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Reiss
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Kerner
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Osterman
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Paulsen
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D017097:Electric Impedance; D004867:Equipment Design; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D012984:Software