title: Haptic perception of spatial relations.
abstract: There are some indications that haptic space like visual space is not Euclidean (e.g. Blumenfeld, 1937 Acta Psychologica 2 125-174). In a series of experiments, we investigated the haptic perception of spatial relations in a systematic way. We restricted ourselves to a horizontal plane at waist height. Blindfolded subjects were asked to perform three tasks with their right hand: (i) a reference bar was presented under four different orientations and subjects were asked to rotate a test bar such that it felt to be parallel to the reference bar; (ii) subjects had to rotate two test bars in such a way that they felt collinear; (iii) subjects had to point a test bar in the direction of a marker. Bars and marker could appear at nine different locations. In all experiments large systematic deviations (up to 40 degrees) were made. The deviations strongly correlated with horizontal (right-left) but not with vertical (forward-backward) distance. Subjects showed qualitatively identical trends but the size of the deviations was strongly subject-dependent. In addition, a significant haptic oblique effect was found. These results provide strong evidence that haptic space in non-Euclidean.
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Instituut, Utrecht, The Netherlands. a.m.l.kappers@phys.uu.nl
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kappers
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Koenderink
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D011581:Psychological Tests; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D014110:Touch