title: Vitamin A supplementation selectively improves the linear growth of indonesian preschool children: results from a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vitamin A deficiency is associated with stunting and wasting in preschool children, but vitamin A supplementation trials have not shown a consistent effect on growth.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We examined the effect of vitamin A supplementation on height and weight increments among Indonesian preschool children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained from a randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial of rural Javanese children aged 6-48 mo. Children received 206000 IU vitamin A (103000 IU if aged <12 mo) or placebo every 4 mo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High-dose vitamin A supplementation modestly improved the linear growth of the children by 0.16 cm/4 mo. The effect was modified by age, initial vitamin A status, and breast-feeding status. Vitamin A supplementation improved height by 0.10 cm/4 mo in children aged <24 mo and by 0.22 cm/4 mo in children aged >/=24 mo. The vitamin A-supplemented children with an initial serum retinol concentration <0.35 micromol/L gained 0.39 cm/4 mo more in height and 152 g/4 mo more in weight than did the placebo group. No growth response to vitamin A was found among children with an initial serum retinol concentration >/=0.35 micromol/L. In non-breast-fed children, vitamin A supplementation improved height by 0.21 cm/4 mo regardless of age. In breast-fed children, vitamin A supplementation improved linear growth by approximately 0.21 cm/4 mo among children aged >/=24 mo, but had no significant effect on the growth of children aged <24 mo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-dose vitamin A supplementation improves the linear growth of children with very low serum retinol and the effect is modified by age and breast-feeding.
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Nutrition, the Department of Public Health, the Faculty of Medicine, the University of Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. gizi@yogya.wasantara.net.id
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hadi
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Stoltzfus
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Dibley
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Moulton
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Kjolhede
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sadjimin
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001827:Body Height / Q000187:drug effects / Q000208:ethnology; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D001942:Breast Feeding; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D006128:Growth / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D014801:Vitamin A