title: Congenital cutaneous candidiasis: clinical presentation, pathogenesis, and management guidelines.
abstract: We describe a term infant with congenital cutaneous candidiasis (CCC), and review all cases in the English literature that reported birth weight and outcome. Presence of an intrauterine foreign body was a predisposing factor for development of CCC and subsequent preterm birth. The most common presentation of CCC in neonates weighing >1000 g was a generalized eruption of erythematous macules, papules, and/or pustules that sometimes evolved to include vesicles and bullae. Extremely low birth weight, premature neonates weighing <1000 g most often presented with a widespread desquamating and/or erosive dermatitis (10 of 15 [67%]), and were at greater risk for systemic infection with Candida spp (10 of 15 [67%]) and death (6 of 15 [40%] than those weighing >1000 g (5 of 48 [10%]; 4 of 48 [8%], respectively). Systemic antifungal therapy is recommended for neonates with burn-like dermatitis attributable to Candida spp, or positive blood, urine, and/or cerebrospinal fluid cultures. Systemic treatment also should be considered for all infants with CCC who have respiratory distress in the immediate neonatal period and/or laboratory signs of sepsis such as an elevated leukocyte count with an increase in immature forms or persistent hyperglycemia and glycosuria.
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Darmstadt
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Dinulos
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D002179:Candidiasis, Cutaneous / Q000151:congenital* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007434:Intrauterine Devices; D012307:Risk Factors