title: [Epilepsy, disturbances of behavior and consciousness in presence of normal thyroxine levels: still, consider the thyroid gland].
abstract: Three patients, one man aged 51 years, and two women aged 49 and 52 years, had severe fluctuating and progressive neurological and psychiatric symptoms. All three had normal thyroxine levels but elevated thyroid stimulating hormone levels and positive thyroid antibodies. Based on clinical, laboratory, MRI and EEG findings they were eventually diagnosed with Hashimoto's encephalopathy, associated with Hashimoto thyroiditis. Treatment with prednisone in addition to thyroxine suppletion resulted in a remarkable remission of their neuropsychiatric symptoms. The disease is probably under-recognized.
authors.affiliation: Afd. Neurologie, Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht.
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Vrancken
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: de Valk
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Rinkel
mesh_terms: D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood; D020274:Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018828:Immunoglobulins, Thyroid-Stimulating / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D008875:Middle Aged; D013967:Thyroiditis, Autoimmune / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D018828:Immunoglobulins, Thyroid-Stimulating; D013972:Thyrotropin; D013974:Thyroxine