title: Mobilization of intracellular Ca(2+) by endothelin-1 in rat intrapulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells.
abstract: Endothelin-1 (ET-1) increases intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs); however, the mechanisms for Ca(2+) mobilization are not clear. We determined the contributions of extracellular influx and intracellular release to the ET-1-induced Ca(2+) response using Indo 1 fluorescence and electrophysiological techniques. Application of ET-1 (10(-10) to 10(-8) M) to transiently (24-48 h) cultured rat PASMCs caused concentration-dependent increases in [Ca(2+)](i). At 10(-8) M, ET-1 caused a large, transient increase in [Ca(2+)](i) (>1 microM) followed by a sustained elevation in [Ca(2+)](i) (<200 nM). The ET-1-induced increase in [Ca(2+)](i) was attenuated (<80%) by extracellular Ca(2+) removal; by verapamil, a voltage-gated Ca(2+)-channel antagonist; and by ryanodine, an inhibitor of Ca(2+) release from caffeine-sensitive stores. Depleting intracellular stores with thapsigargin abolished the peak in [Ca(2+)](i), but the sustained phase was unaffected. Simultaneously measuring membrane potential and [Ca(2+)](i) indicated that depolarization preceded the rise in [Ca(2+)](i). These results suggest that ET-1 initiates depolarization in PASMCs, leading to Ca(2+) influx through voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels and Ca(2+) release from ryanodine- and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive stores.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA. shimodal@welch.jhu.edu
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Shimoda
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Sylvester
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Sham
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D019332:Endothelin-1; D002118:Calcium