title: The history and evolution of surgical instruments. X clamps, haemostats and related pivot-controlled forceps.
authors.affiliation: Royal College of Surgeons of England, London, UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kirkup
mesh_terms: D003250:Constriction; D004867:Equipment Design / Q000266:history; D006488:Hemostasis, Surgical / Q000266:history / Q000295:instrumentation; D049670:History, 17th Century; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049690:History, Ancient; D049691:History, Medieval; D006801:Humans; D013525:Surgical Instruments / Q000266:history*