title: Three brain SPECT region-of-interest templates in elderly people: normative values, hemispheric asymmetries, and a comparison of single- and multihead cameras.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to generate anatomically guided region-of-interest (ROI) brain SPECT templates based on scans of elderly healthy volunteers. We describe normal tracer uptake and hemispheric asymmetries for each of 3 camera systems and compare these characteristics among systems.
  
  
  METHODS
  99mTc-hexamethyl propyleneamine oxime SPECT scans were acquired from 28 elderly healthy volunteers (mean age [+/-SD], 70.3 +/- 6.5 y) on a single-head rotating gamma camera (n = 15) or on dual- (n = 18) or triple-head (n = 13) cameras. The average number of counts in each ROI was calculated and referenced to counts in a cerebellar ROI, providing semiquantitative regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) ratios. For the templates and ROI map, base images of a healthy volunteer were obtained with each camera. Data from individuals scanned with 2 cameras on the same day (n = 15) were used to evaluate rCBF differences across cameras. For each camera, averaged SPECT templates were made using automated image registration. The base volunteer's T1-weighted MR image was converted to stereotactic space with dimensions similar to those of the SPECT templates, and 79 bilateral ROIs were defined. To obtain ROI rCBF ratios, we aligned individual images to their appropriate template and then to this modified MR image.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ROI coefficients of variation indicated that the fit of the ROIs was acceptable (0.07-0.35). Mean rCBF ratios ranged from 0.57 to 1.0, 0.67 to 1.01, and 0.63 to 1.00 for single-, dual-, and triple-head cameras, respectively. The cuneus, occipital cortex, occipital pole, middle temporal gyrus, and posterior middle frontal gyrus showed consistent hemispheric asymmetry (right side greater than left side in 83%-100% of individuals). Mean rCBF ratios did not differ between dual- and triple-head cameras, whereas the ratios for single- and dual-head cameras differed significantly (39 ROIs differed), even after smoothing and filtering the dual-head images to the level of the single-head images.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of SPECT templates based on elderly healthy volunteers is an important feature of this technique because most available templates have used young individuals. Another important feature is the use of MR image-based ROIs. These procedures are versatile because they use more than 1 camera. They can easily be implemented in clinical and research settings to detect camera-specific, abnormal deviations in rCBF ROI ratios and asymmetry magnitudes in diseases associated with aging, such as stroke and dementia.
authors.affiliation: Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Lobaugh
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Caldwell
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Leibovitch
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Swartz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000473:pathology*; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D015902:Gamma Cameras; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012016:Reference Values; D019690:Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019690:Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime