title: Retinoic acid-induced blr1 expression promotes ERK2 activation and cell differentiation in HL-60 cells.
abstract: Retinoids are known to induce the differentiation and cell cycle arrest of human myeloid leukemia cells in vitro. Differential display was used to identify putative early regulatory genes that are differentially expressed in HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells treated with retinoic acid. One of the cDNAs cloned encodes sequences identifying Burkitt's lymphoma receptor 1 (BLR1), a recently described chemokine receptor. Northern blot analysis demonstrates that blr1 mRNA expression increases within 9 h of retinoic acid treatment, well before functional differentiation or G(1)/G(0) growth arrest at 48 h or onset of morphological changes, suggesting a possible regulatory function. The expression of blr1 mRNA is transient, peaking at 72 h when cells are differentiated. blr1 mRNA also is induced by other differentiation-inducing agents, 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) and DMSO. Induction of blr1 mRNA by retinoic acid is not blocked by the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. In HL-60 cells stably transfected with blr1 cDNA, ectopic expression of blr1 causes an increase in ERK2 MAPK activation and promotes retinoic acid-induced G(1)/G(0) growth arrest and cell differentiation. The early expression of blr1 mRNA during differentiation, its ability to increase ERK2 activation, and its enhancement of retinoic acid-induced differentiation suggest that blr1 expression may be involved in retinoic acid-induced HL-60 differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA. traci_battle@dfci.harvard.edu
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Battle
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yen
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000494:pharmacology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D016193:G1 Phase; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D007938:Leukemia; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D054380:Receptors, CXCR5; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016192:Resting Phase, Cell Cycle; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: C095085:CXCR5 protein, human; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D054380:Receptors, CXCR5; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014212:Tretinoin; D003513:Cycloheximide; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D002117:Calcitriol; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide