title: Contrasting inotropic effects of endogenous endothelin in the normal and failing human heart: studies with an intracoronary ET(A) receptor antagonist.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent positive inotrope in vitro, but its physiological effects on intrinsic myocardial contractile function in humans in vivo are unknown. Plasma ET-1 levels are elevated in heart failure, and ET-1 may be involved in the pathophysiology of this condition. However, its effects on contractile function of the failing human heart are also unknown.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A specific ET(A) receptor antagonist, BQ123, was infused (40 nmol/min, 16 minutes) into the left coronary artery in 8 patients with atypical chest pain (normal left ventricular ¿LV function and coronary arteries) and 8 patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) who were undergoing diagnostic catheterization. In normal subjects, BQ123 rapidly induced a significant reduction in LV dP/dt(max) (-270+/-71 mm Hg/s after 16 minutes; P<0.05) and in LV dP/dt at a developed pressure of 40 mm Hg (LV dP/dt(40)) (-179+/-54 mm Hg/s; P<0.05). In DCM patients, however, BQ123 caused no reductions in LV dP/dt(max) (62+/-49 mm Hg/s after 16 minutes) or LV dP/dt(40) (83+/-51 mm Hg/s;P<0.05 compared with normal subjects). BQ123 had no effect on heart rate, LV relaxation, LV end-diastolic pressure, right atrial pressure, or pulmonary pressure in either patient group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endogenous ET-1 has a tonic positive inotropic effect in normal subjects, independent of effects on the peripheral vasculature and unmasked by inhibition of ET(A) receptors. However, the effect of short-term ET(A) blockade in DCM patients was opposite to that in normal subjects, which suggests that ET-1 may cause negative inotropic effects in the failing heart.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: MacCarthy
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grocott-Mason
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Prendergast
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Shah
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002303:Cardiac Output, Low / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000503:physiopathology; D002637:Chest Pain / Q000503:physiopathology; D003331:Coronary Vessels; D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D044022:Receptor, Endothelin A; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D019332:Endothelin-1; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D044022:Receptor, Endothelin A; C072247:cyclo(Trp-Asp-Pro-Val-Leu)