title: Addition of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist and/or two inseminations with husband's sperm do not improve the pregnancy rate in superovulated cycles.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A prospective randomized study was performed to evaluate the addition of a gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) during treatment with human menopausal gonadotropins (hMG) in cycles with artificial inseminations with husband's washed sperm (AIH). We also compared the pregnancy rate per cycle after one versus two AIHs.
  
  
  METHODS
  We designed a 22 factorial trial. A total of 172 couples with unexplained infertility (n=88), endometriosis (n=39), or cervical (n=24) or male (n=21) factors were included, of whom 161 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and treatment. Eighty-one women were treated with GnRH-a/hMG and another 80 with hMG only, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pregnancy rates did not differ between the two stimulation protocols (12% for GnRH-a/hMG and 9% for hMG). With GnRH-a/hMG more follicles >15 mm (3.4 and 2.4, respectively; p<0.01) and a higher multiple pregnancy rate after 20 weeks of gestation were observed (55% vs. 0%; p<0.05). Eighty-seven women were treated with one AIH, whereas 65 women received two AIHs on two consecutive days. The pregnancy rates were similar in these two groups (11% and 9% respectively; n.s.)
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is concluded that neither addition of GnRH-a before and during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation nor two AIHs compared with one single AIH per cycle has a beneficial effect on the pregnancy rate. However, GnRH-a increases the risk for multiple pregnancies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Central Hospital, Västerås, Sweden.
authors.forename: P O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Karlström
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bergh
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lundkvist
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000819:agonists*; D006801:Humans; D007317:Insemination, Artificial, Homologous; D008297:Male; D008596:Menotropins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010062:Ovulation Induction; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013480:Superovulation
chemical_list: D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D008596:Menotropins