title: Morbidity following sentinel lymph node biopsy versus axillary lymph node dissection for patients with breast carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Axillary lymph node dissection for staging the axilla in breast carcinoma patients is associated with considerable morbidity, such as edema of the arm, pain, sensory disturbances, impairment of arm mobility, and shoulder stiffness. Sentinel lymph node biopsy electively removes the first lymph node, which gets the drainage from the tumor and should therefore be associated with nearly zero morbidity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Postoperative morbidity (increase in arm circumference, subjective lymphedema, pain, numbness, effect on arm strength and mobility, and stiffness) of the operated arm was prospectively compared in 35 breast carcinoma patients after axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) of Level I and II and 35 patients following sentinel lymph node (SN) biopsy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patient characteristics were comparable between the two groups. Postoperative follow-up was 15.4 months (range, 4-28 months) in the SN group and 17.0 months (range, 4-28 months) in the ALND group. Following axillary dissection, patients showed a significant increase in upper and forearm circumference of the operated arm compared with the SN patients, as well as a significantly higher rate of subjective lymphedema, pain, numbness, and motion restriction. No difference between the two groups was found regarding arm stiffness or arm strength, nor did the type of surgery affect daily living.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SN biopsy is associated with negligible morbidity compared with complete axillary lymph node dissection.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Surgical Laparoscopy, Allgemein Offentliches Krankenhaus Linz, Austria.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schrenk
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rieger
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shamiyeh
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wayand
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001132:Arm; D001365:Axilla; D001706:Biopsy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006987:Hypesthesia / Q000209:etiology; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D008209:Lymphedema / Q000209:etiology; D015411:Mastectomy, Modified Radical; D015412:Mastectomy, Segmental; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000209:etiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant