title: Antiretroviral therapy in adults: updated recommendations of the International AIDS Society-USA Panel.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To update recommendations for antiretroviral therapy for adult human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, based on new information and drugs that are available.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 17-member international physician panel with antiretroviral research and HIV patient care experience initially convened by the International AIDS Society-USA in December 1995.
  
  
  METHODS
  Available clinical and basic science data including phase 3 controlled trials; data on clinical, virologic, and immunologic end points; research conference reports; HIV pathogenesis data; and panel expert opinion. Recommendations were limited to therapies available (US Food and Drug Administration approved) in 1999.
  
  
  METHODS
  The panel assesses new research reports and interim results and regularly meets to consider how the new data affect therapy recommendations. Recommendations are updated via full-panel consensus. Guidelines are presented as recommendations if the supporting evidence warrants routine use in the particular situation and as considerations if data are preliminary or incomplete but suggestive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The availability of new antiretroviral drugs has expanded treatment choices. The importance of adherence, emerging long-term complications of therapy, recognition and management of antiretroviral failure, and new monitoring tools are addressed. Optimal care requires individualized management and ongoing attention to relevant scientific and clinical information in the field.
authors.affiliation: Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI 02906, USA. CharlesvCarpenter@brown.edu
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Carpenter
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Fischl
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gatell
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Gazzard
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hammer
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Hirsch
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Katzenstein
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Montaner
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Richman
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Saag
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schechter
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Schooley
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vella
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Yeni
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Volberding
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents