title: Relationships among dopamine transporter affinities and cocaine-like discriminative-stimulus effects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The discriminative-stimulus effects of cocaine have been reported to be mediated by indirect agonist actions initiated by the blockade of dopamine uptake, and the potencies of drugs that have discriminative-stimulus effects like cocaine are directly related to their dopamine transporter binding affinities. The binding to the dopamine transporter by cocaine and many of its analogs has been reported to fit better using a two-site model than a one-site model.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study examined the relationship among binding affinities of dopamine uptake inhibitors at these two sites and their potencies to produce discriminative-stimulus effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  The inhibition constants (K(i) values) were derived for unlabeled dopamine uptake inhibitors for displacement of [(3)H]WIN 35,428 from rat caudate putamen membranes. These K(i) values were related to the ED(50) values obtained in rats trained to discriminate 10 mg/kg cocaine from saline injections under a fixed-ratio 20 schedule of food reinforcement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the dopamine uptake inhibitors studied, the binding data for eight compounds (WIN 35,428, nomifensine, WIN 35,981, WIN 35,065-2, methylphenidate, cocaine, cocaethylene, and bupropion) were better fit by a two-site model than a one-site model. The data for the remaining eleven compounds (RTI-31, RTI-55, RTI-121, RTI-32, LU19-005, BTCP, GBR12909, GBR12935, mazindol, LU17-133, and EXP561) were better fit by a one-site model. Of the drugs that were fit best by a two-site model, there was a higher correlation among the K(i) values for the high-affinity site and the ED(50) values (R(2)=0.655; P=0.015) than there was for the low-affinity site (R(2)=0.543; P=0. 037). Of the remaining drugs, there was a high correlation among the K(i) values and the ED(50) values for the discriminative-stimulus effects (R(2)=0.523; P=0.012).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that the discriminative-stimulus effects of cocaine are more closely related to actions mediated by high-affinity binding to the dopamine transporter than they are to actions mediated by the low-affinity site. The further assessment of the respective contributions of high- and low-affinity binding to the behavioral effects of cocaine will be greatly enhanced with the development of pharmacological tools that have a high degree of selectivity for one of these components.
authors.affiliation: Psychobiology Section, NIDA Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, P.O. Box 5180, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. jkatz@intra.nida.nih.gov
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Izenwasser
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Terry
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001667:Binding, Competitive / Q000187:drug effects; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002421:Caudate Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003042:Cocaine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D008566:Membranes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects; D011699:Putamen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D014316:Tritium; D015031:Zimeldine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D003042:Cocaine; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D005473:Fluoxetine; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; D014316:Tritium; D015031:Zimeldine; C011386:nisoxetine; C021279:(1R-(exo,exo))-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo(3.2.1)octane-2-carboxylic acid, methyl ester