Suicide and unemployment in young people. Analysis of trends in England and Wales, 1921-1995.
BACKGROUND
The influence of the macro-economic climate on suicide is unclear. During the recent recession, rates have increased in young males but declined in females.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate associations between unemployment and suicide in 15- to 44-year-old men and women over a period spanning two major economic recessions (1921-1995). To minimise confounding by changes in method availability, analyses are restricted to suicides using methods other than poisons and gases.


METHODS
Time-series analysis using routine mortality and unemployment data.


RESULTS
There were significant associations between unemployment and suicide in both males and females. Associations were generally stronger at younger ages.


CONCLUSIONS
Secular trends in youth suicide may be influenced by unemployment or other factors associated with changes in the macro-economic climate. These factors appear to affect women to the same extent as men. Although it is not possible to draw firm aetiological conclusions from time-trend data, our findings are in keeping with those of person-based studies.
Gunnell
D
D
Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol. D.J.Gunnell@Bristol.ac.uk
Lopatatzidis
A
A
Dorling
D
D
Wehner
H
H
Southall
H
H
Frankel
S
S
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D002423:Cause of Death; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013405:Suicide / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends; D014478:Unemployment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends; D014852:Wales / Q000453:epidemiology