title: Tamoxifen should be cost-effective in reducing breast cancer risk in high-risk women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the cost-effectiveness of tamoxifen in the prevention of breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical trial results of National Surgical Adjuvant Breast Program P-1 compared tamoxifen versus placebo in the prevention of breast cancer, and direct medical care costs were estimated from the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research and local sources. The base estimate of effectiveness included all women on the trial.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For every 100 women treated for 5 years, 1.665 expected cancers would not be detected. If breast cancer death is fully prevented by this strategy, then the cost-effectiveness of tamoxifen compared with no intervention is $8,479 per additional year of life gained. If lifetime prevention of the risk of death from breast cancer exceeded 17%, then the cost-effectiveness ratio would be less than $50,000 per year of life gained (a common benchmark).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tamoxifen for breast cancer prevention should be cost-effective under nearly all circumstances. Its use will require additional resources because it is not cost saving, but it fits within accepted guidelines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA. tsmith@mcc1.mcc.vcu.edu
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Hillner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000191:economics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017046:Cost Savings; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D017059:Models, Econometric; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D013629:Tamoxifen