title: Sex-associated differences in survival of patients undergoing resection for lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The increasing incidence of lung cancer among women prompted us to assess whether sex-associated differences exist in the presentation and survival of patients who undergo major lung resection for lung cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective review of patients who had major lung resection for lung cancer from January 1980 to June 1998.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 265 men and 186 women. Women were younger (60.7+/-0.8 versus 63.6+/-0.6 years; p = 0.005). Adenocarcinoma was more common among women (48% versus 40%; p = 0.001). Pathologic stages for men were: I = 43%, II = 26%, IIIA = 25%, IIIB or IV = 6%, and for women: I = 52%, II = 20%, IIIA = 22%, IIIB or IV = 6% (p = 0.146). Median survival was better for women (41.8 versus 26.9 months; p = 0.006). This was due both to a difference in stage at presentation and to a better median survival rate for adenocarcinoma compared with squamous cell cancer. The data suggest an association between sex and survival, although this failed to reach statistical significance. Sex influenced survival with a relative risk for women of 0.67 (95% confidence interval 0.35 to 1.29; p = 0.231 adjusted for stage, cell type, age, and spirometry).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are sex-associated differences in the presentation and possibly in the survival of patients with lung cancer. This finding has possible implications regarding the selection of patients for therapy and for the design of randomized therapeutic trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. mferguso@surgery.bsd.uchicago.edu
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Ferguson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Haraf
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Olak
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Masters
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Vokes
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D002641:Chicago / Q000453:epidemiology; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011013:Pneumonectomy / Q000401:mortality; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking; D013147:Spirometry; D015996:Survival Rate