title: Time-dependent pressure distortion in a catheter-transducer system: correction by fast flush.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Distortion of the pressure wave by a liquid-filled catheter-transducer system leads most often to an overestimation in systolic arterial blood pressure in pulmonary and systemic circulations. The pressure distortion depends on the catheter-transducer frequency response. Many monitoring systems use either mechanical or electronic filters to reduce this distortion. Such filters assume, however, that the catheter-transducer frequency response does not change over time. The current study aimed to study the changes with time of the catheter-transducer frequency response and design a flush procedure to reverse these changes back to baseline.
  
  
  METHODS
  An in vitro setup was devised to assess the catheter-transducer frequency response in conditions approximating some of those met in a clinical environment (slow flushing, 37 degrees C, 48-h test). Several flush protocols were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Within 48 h, catheter-transducer natural frequency decreased from 17.89 +/- 0.36 (mean +/- SD) to 7.35 +/- 0.25 Hz, and the catheter-transducer damping coefficient increased from 0.234 +/- 0.004 to 0.356 +/- 0.010. Slow and rapid flushing by the flush device built into the pressure transducer did not correct these changes, which were reversed only by manual fast flush of the transducer and of the catheter. These changes and parallel changes in catheter-transducer compliance may be explained by bubbles inside the catheter-transducer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Catheter-transducer-induced blood pressure distortion changes with time. This change may be reversed by a manual fast flush or "rocket flush" procedure, allowing a con. stant correction by a filter.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5525 du Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (TIMC-PRETA), Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Promonet
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Anglade
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Menaouar
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bayat
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Durand
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eberhard
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Grimbert
mesh_terms: D000776:Anesthesiology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D000818:Animals; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination; D002407:Catheterization, Swan-Ganz / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004285:Dogs; D004867:Equipment Design; D011669:Pulmonary Wedge Pressure; D014160:Transducers, Pressure