title: Mouse Ror2 receptor tyrosine kinase is required for the heart development and limb formation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A mouse receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), mRor2, which belongs to the Ror-family of RTKs consisting of at least two structurally related members, is primarily expressed in the heart and nervous system during mouse development. To elucidate the function of mRor2, we generated mice with a mutated mRor2 locus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mice with a homozygous mutation in mRor2 died just after birth, exhibiting dwarfism, severe cyanosis, and short limbs and tails. Whole-mount in situ hybridization analysis showed that mRor2 was expressed in the branchial arches, heart and limb/tailbuds, in addition to the developing nervous system. The mutants had cardiac septal defects, mainly a ventricular septal defect. In addition, an examination of the skeletal systems revealed that the mutants had shorter limbs, vertebrae and facial structure, with a particular defect in their distal portions, and that almost no calcification was observed in their distal limbs. Histological examination showed abnormalities in the chondrocytes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that mRor2 plays essential roles in the development of the heart and in limb/tail formation, in particular cardiac septal formation and ossification of distal portions of limbs and tails.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Kobe University, School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Oishi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nomi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ikeya
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hatta
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Otani
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Terashima
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takada
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamamura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akira
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Minami
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development; D005552:Forelimb / Q000196:embryology* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology; D006321:Heart / Q000196:embryology* / Q000254:growth & development; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000196:embryology* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D057050:Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-like Orphan Receptors; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D012886:Skull / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology; D013131:Spine / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C078717:ROR2 protein, human; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D057050:Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-like Orphan Receptors