title: Effect of the 21-aminosteroid on nuclear factor-kappa B activation of Kupffer cells in endotoxin shock.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The 21-aminosteroid (U-74389G) is a nonglucocorticoid steroid that was synthesized to inhibit lipid peroxidation without the glucocorticoid activity. We recently demonstrated that the 21-aminosteroid administered to endotoxin shock mice reduces liver injury and improves the survival rate of mice through inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa B activation in the liver. The study was undertaken to determine whether the 21-aminosteroid could suppress pro-inflammatory gene up-regulation through inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa B activation in Kupffer cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Kupffer cells were isolated from rats by collagenase perfusion followed by pronase digestion. After a lipopolysaccharide addition, each assay was performed for tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha messenger RNA, nuclear factor-kappa B, and I kappa B proteins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After the lipopolysaccharide addition, Kupffer cells released both tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6. The 21-aminosteroid treatment suppressed the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in a dose-dependent manner. The 21-aminosteroid also inhibited the increase of tumor necrosis factor-alpha messenger RNA expression and nuclear factor-kappa B activation in Kupffer cells 1 hour and 30 minutes, respectively, after lipopolysaccharide addition. Furthermore, the 21-aminosteroid treatment suppressed the degradation of I kappa B proteins in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Kupffer cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the 21-aminosteroid inhibits release of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Kupffer cells by inhibiting nuclear factor-kappa B activation. This is accomplished by inhibiting I kappa B degradation in endotoxin shock and this may prove useful for the treatment of endotoxin shock.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marubayashi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukuma
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dohi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D007728:Kupffer Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D011281:Pregnatrienes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000093242:Interleukin-6 Inhibitors
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011281:Pregnatrienes; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000093242:Interleukin-6 Inhibitors; C074965:U 74389F