title: Operative treatment of ulnar collateral ligament injuries of the elbow in athletes.
abstract: Over a 6-year period, the senior author (JRA) performed 91 ulnar collateral ligament reconstructions (N = 78) or repairs (N = 13). All patients were male and between the ages of 15 and 39 years (average, 21.6). Thirty-seven patients (41%) were professional baseball players, 41 (45%) were collegiate baseball players, and 7 (7.7%) were high school or recreational players. Subcutaneous ulnar nerve transposition with stabilization of the nerve with fascial slings of the flexor pronator mass was performed in all patients, and additional procedures were performed in 27 patients (29.7%), including 22 excisions of posteromedial olecranon osteophytes. Average follow-up was 35.4 months. Ten patients had preoperative ulnar nerve symptoms, nine of whom had complete resolution of symptoms after surgery. Complications occurred in eight patients. The average time from surgery to initiation of the interval throwing program was 3.4 months, and the average time to return to competitive throwing was 9.8 months. Sixty-seven patients (74%) were available for follow-up; of these, 53 (79%) had returned to their previous levels of competition or to a higher level. Reconstruction of the ulnar collateral ligament, with transposition and stabilization of the ulnar nerve and appropriate rehabilitation, was found to be effective in correcting medial instability of the elbow and allowed most athletes to return to previous levels of play in less than 1 year.
authors.affiliation: American Sports Medicine Institute, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Azar
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Wilk
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Groh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001484:Baseball / Q000293:injuries*; D004551:Elbow Joint / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008023:Ligaments, Articular / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014457:Ulna / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014459:Ulnar Nerve / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D000092464:Elbow Injuries