title: Peptide YY augments gross inhibition by vitamin E succinate of human pancreatic cancer cell growth.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vitamin E succinate (VES) significantly inhibits cell growth in vitro in breast, prostate, and skin cancer cell lines. Our study demonstrated similar inhibitory effects on Mia PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells at the same concentration of VES (10 pg/ml). Peptide YY (PYY) also inhibits pancreatic cancer cell growth in vitro. We observed a significant additive effect on growth inhibition in Mia PaCa cells treated with both VES and PYY.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Mia PaCa-2 cells were cultured and treated once with either 10 pg/ml of VES or 500 pmols of PYY or with both agents together. The control group received an equivalent volume of solvents. MTT assay was performed at 24, 48, and 72 h to evaluate cell viability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pancreatic cancer cell growth was reduced in all groups treated with PYY and VES. Student's t test was used to analyze the data for each treatment group. At 72 h, both PYY and vitamin E significantly inhibited cell growth compared to control. Combining the agents resulted in a dramatic additive inhibition of growth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PYY and vitamin E both inhibit growth of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro with a significant increase in effect when used in combination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Sepulveda VA Medical Center, North Hills, California, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Heisler
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Towfigh
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: McFadden
mesh_terms: D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006801:Humans; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D019894:Peptide YY / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024505:Tocopherols; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D019894:Peptide YY; D014810:Vitamin E; D024505:Tocopherols