title: MR hysterosalpingography: protocol development and refinement for simulating normal and abnormal fallopian tube patency--feasibility study with a phantom.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop and refine a pulse sequence and protocol for testing the feasibility of magnetic resonance (MR) hysterosalpingography in a phantom model.
  
  
  METHODS
  A phantom simulating the uterus, fallopian tubes, and surrounding pelvic cavity was constructed. T2-weighted acquisition strategies-breath-hold fast spin-echo, rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement (RARE), and haff-Fourier RARE-were refined to acquire sequential 70-mm coronal imaging volumes. Contrast agent was injected into the introducing catheter entering the os of the simulated uterus. Interacquisition interval, type of contrast agent (eg, sterile saline solution or water), and quantity of contrast agent (eg, 1-5 mL per acquisition) were varied. Digital image subtraction was used to enhance image quality. Images were qualitatively analyzed and rated good, fair, or poor for temporal resolution, spatial resolution, fallopian tube conspicuity, and free spill conspicuity. Once the technique was refine, the phantom was reconfigured to simulate unilateral and bilateral hydrosalpinx.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The RARE sequence with an 8-second interacquisition interval and a 5-mL interacquisition of sterile water produced good images of the simulated fallopian tubes and free spill. Depiction of unilateral and bilateral hydrosalpinx was also reliably demonstrated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study with a phantom model demonstrates the feasibility of MR hysterosalpingography to depict normal and diseased fallopian tubes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007-2197, USA.
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Frye
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ascher
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Thomasson
mesh_terms: D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000175:diagnosis; D005184:Fallopian Tube Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005186:Fallopian Tube Patency Tests; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007047:Hysterosalpingography; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests