title: Glucosamine-induced insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
abstract: To study molecular mechanisms for glucosamine-induced insulin resistance, we induced complete and reversible insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes with glucosamine in a dose- and time-dependent manner (maximal effects at 50 mM glucosamine after 6 h). In these cells, glucosamine impaired insulin-stimulated GLUT-4 translocation. Glucosamine (6 h) did not affect insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrate-1 and -2 and weakly, if at all, impaired insulin stimulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Glucosamine, however, severely impaired insulin stimulation of Akt. Inhibition of insulin-stimulated glucose transport was correlated with that of Akt activity. In these cells, glucosamine also inhibited insulin stimulation of p70 S6 kinase. Glucosamine did not alter basal glucose transport and insulin stimulation of GLUT-1 translocation and mitogen-activated protein kinase. In summary, glucosamine induced complete and reversible insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. This insulin resistance was accompanied by impaired insulin stimulation of GLUT-4 translocation and Akt activity, without significant impairment of upstream molecules in insulin-signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Heart
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Sung
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D003847:Deoxyglucose / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005944:Glucosamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D051379:Mice; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D011972:Receptor, Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003847:Deoxyglucose; D005944:Glucosamine; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D007328:Insulin; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D011972:Receptor, Insulin; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases; D014443:Tyrosine; C526295:Irs1 protein, mouse; C526298:Irs2 protein, mouse; C495693:Slc2a4 protein, mouse