ATM is a cytoplasmic protein in mouse brain required to prevent lysosomal accumulation.
We previously generated a mouse model with a mutation in the murine Atm gene that recapitulates many aspects of the childhood neurodegenerative disease ataxia-telangiectasia. Atm-deficient (Atm-/-) mice show neurological defects detected by motor function tests including the rota-rod, open-field tests and hind-paw footprint analysis. However, no gross histological abnormalities have been observed consistently in the cerebellum of any line of Atm-/- mice analyzed in most laboratories. Therefore, it may be that the neurologic dysfunction found in these animals is associated with predegenerative lesions. We performed a detailed analysis of the cerebellar morphology in two independently generated lines of Atm-/- mice to determine whether there was evidence of neuronal abnormality. We found a significant increase in the number of lysosomes in Atm-/- mice in the absence of any detectable signs of neuronal degeneration or other ultrastructural anomalies. In addition, we found that the ATM protein is predominantly cytoplasmic in Purkinje cells and other neurons, in contrast to the nuclear localization of ATM protein observed in cultured cells. The cytoplasmic localization of ATM in Purkinje cells is similar to that found in human cerebellum. These findings suggest that ATM may be important as a cytoplasmic protein in neurons and that its absence leads to abnormalities of cytoplasmic organelles reflected as an increase in lysosomal numbers.
Barlow
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C
The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Laboratory of Genetics, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. barlow@salk.edu
Ribaut-Barassin
C
C
Zwingman
T A
TA
Pope
A J
AJ
Brown
K D
KD
Owens
J W
JW
Larson
D
D
Harrington
E A
EA
Haeberle
A M
AM
Mariani
J
J
Eckhaus
M
M
Herrup
K
K
Bailly
Y
Y
Wynshaw-Boris
A
A
D000818:Animals; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D002452:Cell Count; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000737:chemistry; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005260:Female; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009474:Neurons / Q000737:chemistry; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D011689:Purkinje Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; C576324:ATM protein, human; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; C576325:Atm protein, mouse; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases