title: The use of arm vein in lower-extremity revascularization: results of 520 procedures performed in eight years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The absence of an adequate ipsilateral saphenous vein in patients requiring lower-extremity revascularization poses a difficult clinical dilemma. This study examined the results of the use of autogenous arm vein bypass grafts in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five hundred twenty lower-extremity revascularization procedures performed between 1990 and 1998 were followed prospectively with a computerized vascular registry. The arm vein conduit was prepared by using intraoperative angioscopy for valve lysis and identification of luminal abnormalities in 44.8% of cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-two (13. 8%) femoropopliteal, 174 (33.5%) femorotibial, 29 (5.6%) femoropedal, 101 (19.4%) popliteo-tibial/pedal, and 144 (27.7%) extension "jump" graft bypass procedures were performed for limb salvage (98.2%) or disabling claudication (1.8%). The average age of patients was 68.5 years (range, 32 to 91 years); 63.1% of patients were men, and 36.9% of patients were women. Eighty-five percent of patients had diabetes mellitus, and 77% of patients had a recent history of smoking. The grafts were composed of a single arm vein segment in 363 cases (69. 8%) and of spliced composite vein with venovenostomy in 157 cases (30.2%). The mean follow-up period was 24.9 months (range, 1 month to 7.4 years). Overall patency and limb salvage rates for all graft types were: primary patency, 30-day = 97.0% +/- 0.7%, 1-year = 80.2% +/- 2.1%, 3-year = 68.9% +/- 3.6%, 5-year = 54.5% +/- 6.6%; secondary patency, 30-day = 97.0% +/- 0.7%, 1-year = 80.7% +/- 2.1%, 3-year = 70.3% +/- 3.4%, 5-year = 57.5% +/- 6.2%; limb salvage, 30-day = 97.6% +/- 0.7%, 1-year = 89.8% +/- 1.7%, 3-year = 82.1% +/- 3.3%, 5-year = 71.5% +/- 6.9%. Secondary patency and limb salvage rates were greatest at 5 years for femoropopliteal grafts (69.8% +/- 12.8%, 80.7% +/- 11.8%), as compared with femorotibial (59.6% +/- 10. 3%, 72.7% +/- 10.5%), femoropedal (54.9% +/- 25.7%, 56.8% +/- 26.9%, ) and popliteo-tibial/pedal grafts (39.0% +/- 7.3%, 47.6% +/- 15.4%). The patency rate of composite vein grafts was equal to that of single-vein conduits. The overall survival rate was 54% at 4 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Autogenous arm vein has been used successfully in a wide variety of lower-extremity revascularization procedures and has achieved excellent long- and short-term patency and limb salvage rates, higher than those generally reported for prosthetic or cryopreserved grafts. Its durability and easy accessibility make it an alternative conduit of choice when an adequate saphenous vein is not available.
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Faries
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.forename: F B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Pomposelli
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Pulling
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Smakowski
authors.forename: D I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Rohan
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Gibbons
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Akbari
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: LoGerfo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017546:Angioscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D001132:Arm / Q000098:blood supply*; D005260:Female; D005268:Femoral Vein / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply*; D015993:Life Tables; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D011152:Popliteal Vein / Q000601:surgery*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014654:Vascular Patency; D014680:Veins / Q000637:transplantation*; D016748:Venous Cutdown / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality