title: The prevalence of celiac disease in at-risk groups of children in the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In contrast to its prevalence in Europe, celiac disease (CD) is considered rare in the United States. We aimed to determine the prevalence of CD in children presenting with symptoms or conditions associated with CD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Individuals aged 6 months to 20 years were screened for IgG and IgA antigliadin (AGA-IgG and AGA-IgA) and antiendomysium (EMA) antibodies. Those with only elevated AGA-IgG were screened for selective IgA deficiency. Patients with elevated EMA, or AGA-IgG elevation and selective IgA deficiency, were advised to undergo small intestinal biopsy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1200 individuals were studied; 34 were EMA positive-26 (19 EMA positive) consented to biopsy and 21 had CD, giving a prevalence of 1 in 57 (21/1200). Including the 15 EMA positive patients who refused a biopsy, the prevalence of CD in this study could be as high as 1 in 33 (36/1200).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CD is not rare in the United States and may be as common as in Europe. AGA and EMA are useful for identifying patients who should undergo a small intestinal biopsy.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fasano
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Counts
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Glock
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Horvath
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000906:Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D001706:Biopsy; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004406:Dysgammaglobulinemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005903:Gliadin / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D017098:IgA Deficiency / Q000453:epidemiology; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007223:Infant; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000473:pathology; D008403:Mass Screening; D009210:Myofibrils / Q000276:immunology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D005903:Gliadin