title: Interleukin-6 induces prostate cancer cell growth accompanied by activation of stat3 signaling pathway .
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine that regulates growth and differentiation of various types of malignant tumors, including prostate carcinomas. The levels of IL-6 are elevated in sera of patients with metastatic prostate cancer. In this study, we evaluate the role of IL-6 in the growth regulation of prostate cancer cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Expression of IL-6 and its receptors in human prostate cancer cells was measured by ELISA and RT-PCR. The effects of IL-6 on cell growth were evaluated by ectopically expressing IL-6 cDNA into IL-6-negative LNCaP human prostate cancer cells. Stat3 DNA binding activities were analyzed by electromobility shift assay and supershift assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expression of IL-6 was detected in the androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cell lines (i.e. , TSU, PC3, and DU145), but not in the androgen-sensitive LNCaP cell line. IL-6 receptors, including both IL-6-specific receptor alpha chain and gp130 signal transducer, are expressed in all human prostate cancer cell lines (i.e., LNCaP, TSU, PC3, and DU145). Overexpression of IL-6 by ectopically expressing IL-6 into IL-6-negative LNCaP human prostate cancer cells significantly increased clonogenic ability and cell proliferation in vitro compared to the IL-6-negative parental LNCaP cells and the antisense controls. This growth stimulation by IL-6 was accompanied by activation of the Stat3 signaling transduction pathway.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IL-6 is an autocrine growth factor for LNCaP human prostate cancer cells; the effects of IL-6 on prostate cancer cell growth are mediated through the Janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lou
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dyer
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Tweardy
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D050822:Cytokine Receptor gp130; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C494199:IL6ST protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494086:STAT3 protein, human; D015534:Trans-Activators; D050822:Cytokine Receptor gp130