title: Smaller tidal volumes during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: comparison of adult and paediatric self-inflatable bags with three different ventilatory devices.
abstract: Gastric inflation and subsequent regurgitation of stomach contents is a major hazard of bag-valve-face mask ventilation during the basic life support phase of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Recent investigations suggested that use of a paediatric self-inflating bag may reduce stomach inflation while ensuring sufficient lung ventilation. The purpose of our study was to examine whether use of a paediatric self-inflating bag in association with laryngeal mask airway, combitube, and bag-valve-face mask may provide adequate lung ventilation, while reducing the risk of gastric inflation in a bench model simulating the initial phase of CPR. Sixteen intensive care unit registered nurses volunteered for our study. Use of a paediatric versus adult self-inflating bag resulted in a significantly (P < 0.01) lower mean (+/- S.D.) tidal lung volume with both the laryngeal mask airway and combitube (laryngeal mask airway 349 +/- 149 ml versus 725 +/- 266 ml, combitube 389 +/- 113 ml versus 1061 +/- 451 ml). Lung tidal volumes were below the European Resuscitation Council recommendation with both self-inflatable bags in the bag-valve-face mask group (paediatric versus adult self-inflatable bag 256 +/- 77 ml versus 334 +/- 125 ml). Esophageal tidal volumes were significantly (P < 0.05) lower using the paediatric self-inflatable bag in the bag-valve-face mask group; almost no gastric inflation occurred with the laryngeal mask airway, and none with the combitube. In conclusion, use of the paediatric self-inflating bag may reduce gastric inflation, but measured lung tidal volumes are below the European Resuscitation Council recommendation when used with either, the laryngeal mask airway, combitube, or bag-valve-face mask.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital of Lübeck, Germany. v.doerges@t-online.de
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Doerges
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sauer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ocker
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Wenzel
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schmucker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D013271:Gastric Dilatation / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D017214:Laryngeal Masks; D008297:Male; D008348:Manikins; D011015:Pneumonia, Aspiration / Q000517:prevention & control; D013990:Tidal Volume; D012122:Ventilators, Mechanical