title: Cocaine-opioid interactions in groups of rats trained to discriminate different doses of cocaine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The growing abuse of cocaine combined with morphine-like opiates ("speedballs") in human addicts has prompted efforts to characterize the roles of different opioid receptor subtypes in mediating their combined effects. Previous drug discrimination studies in rats have been inconsistent in showing significant interactions between cocaine and opioid agonists in subjects trained to discriminate a relatively high dose of cocaine from vehicle. It is known, however, that the training dose of cocaine can play a key role in drug-substitution and drug-interaction profiles and, therefore, training rats to discriminate a relatively low dose of cocaine may influence its interactions with opioid agonists.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of this study were to examine the degree to which a relatively high (10 mg/kg) versus a relatively low (3.0 mg/kg) cocaine training dose influenced the interactions between cocaine and either the mu opioid agonist morphine or the kappa opioid agonist U50,488.
  
  
  METHODS
  Substitution tests with cumulative doses of cocaine, morphine and U50,488 were conducted, as were studies in which selected doses of morphine or U50,488 were administered prior to cumulative doses of cocaine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In substitution tests, cocaine was 2.9 times more potent under the low- than the high-dose training condition. Morphine substituted fully for cocaine in the majority of subjects trained to discriminate the low, but not the high, dose of cocaine. U50,488 engendered mainly saline-lever responses under both training conditions. In pretreatment studies, morphine enhanced and U50,488 attenuated the discriminative stimulus effects of cocaine in low-dose, but not high-dose, trained rats. In low-dose trained rats, cocaine was five- to eightfold more potent after morphine and three- to fourfold less potent after U50,488 pretreatments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results demonstrate that cocaine-opioid interactions are dependent on the training dose of cocaine in rats and suggest an opposing influence of mu and kappa opioid receptors in modifying the discriminative stimulus effects of cocaine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Boston University, MA 02215, USA. kkantak@bu.edu
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kantak
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Riberdy
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Spealman
mesh_terms: D019900:3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer / Q000494:pharmacology; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D003042:Cocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004193:Discrimination Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D004192:Discrimination, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects*; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009294:Narcotics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D009294:Narcotics; D019900:3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; D009020:Morphine; D003042:Cocaine