title: Fucogalactan isolated from Sarcodon aspratus elicits release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and nitric oxide from murine macrophages.
abstract: Eight species of mushrooms were evaluated for mitogenic activity by the tetrazolium salt 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method using spleen cells of C3H/HeN female mice. The hot water-soluble (HWS) fraction extracted from Sarcodon aspratus showed the highest activity. The mitogen in Sa. aspratus was isolated by Sepharose 6B and DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography. Preliminary structural analyses indicated that the mitogen was a fucogalactan. Fucogalactan elicited the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and nitric oxide (NO) in macrophages of mice in vitro. TNF-alpha production induced with 50 microg/ml of fucogalactan was significantly higher than that induced by lentinan (500 microg/ml) by approximately 4.3-fold. Also, fucogalactan showed dose dependence at concentrations from 5 to 500 microg/ml in NO production. Thus, fucogalactan does elicit the release of cytokines such as TNF-alpha and NO.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University, Japan. mizuno@ans.kobe-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shiomi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Minato
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ashida
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsuchida
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology; D000363:Agaricales / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005685:Galactans / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008934:Mitogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D005685:Galactans; D008934:Mitogens; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C031159:fucogalactan