title: Isolation and characterization of human orthologs of yeast CCR4-NOT complex subunits.
abstract: The yeast CCR4-NOT protein complex is a global regulator of RNA polymerase II transcription. It is comprised of yeast NOT1 to NOT5, yeast CCR4 and additional proteins like yeast CAF1. Here we report the isolation of cDNAs encoding human NOT2, NOT3, NOT4 and a CAF1-like factor, CALIF. Analysis of their mRNA levels in different human tissues reveals a common ubiquitous expression pattern. A multitude of two-hybrid interactions among the human cDNAs suggest that their encoded proteins also form a complex in mammalian cells. Functional conservation of these proteins throughout evolution is supported by the observation that the isolated human NOT3 and NOT4 cDNAs can partially com-plement corresponding not mutations in yeast. Interestingly, human CALIF is highly homologous to, although clearly different from, a recently described human CAF1 protein. Conserved interactions of this factor with both NOT and CCR4 proteins and co-immunoprecipitation experiments suggest that CALIF is a bona fide component of the human CCR4-NOT complex.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Physiological Chemistry and Centre for Biomedical Genetics, Utrecht University, PO Box 80042, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands,
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Albert
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lemaire
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: van Berkum
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gentz
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Collart
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Timmers
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D017124:Conserved Sequence / Q000235:genetics*; D020224:Expressed Sequence Tags; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005800:Genes, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D011485:Protein Binding; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D054398:Receptors, CCR4; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012260:Ribonucleases; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020798:Two-Hybrid System Techniques
chemical_list: C515354:CCR4 protein, human; C089931:CDC36 protein, S cerevisiae; C489780:CNOT8 protein, human; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D054398:Receptors, CCR4; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C078657:CCR4 protein, S cerevisiae; D012260:Ribonucleases; C079009:POP2 protein, S cerevisiae