title: Identification and cloning of a human urea transporter HUT11, which is downregulated during adipogenesis of explant cultures of human bone.
abstract: Bipotential cells in human trabecular bone explant cultures that express osteoblast characteristics are able to undergo adipogenesis in the presence of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine plus dexamethasone (Nuttall et al. [1998] J Bone Miner Res 13:371-382). The initial studies of these bipotential cells in explant cultures have been extended to examine differential gene expression during osteoblast/adipocyte transdifferentiation. Using differential display, we have identified a gene expressed in trabecular bone explant cultures that is downregulated as these cells differentiate from an osteoblast to an adipocyte phenotype. Homology searching identified this gene as the human urea transporter HUT11. The expression and downregulation of HUT11 have been observed in multiple patient bone explant cultures. The size of the bone explant-derived HUT11 mRNA is approximately 4.4 kb, which is identical to the largest splice variant reported. In this article, we report the cloning and sequencing of this gene from primary human osteoblasts. In addition, we report tissue distribution for the bone explant-derived form of HUT11 mRNA and show a reciprocal relationship between the expression of HUT11 and the nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2, which is a marker of adipocyte differentiation. Because the control of osteoblast/adipocyte transdifferentiation is unknown, selective downregulation of HUT11 during adipogenesis suggests that HUT11 expression may be a marker of the switch from an osteoblast to an adipocyte phenotype. Understanding the role of HUT11 in osteoblasts may provide insights into the mechanism controlling osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bone and Cartilage Biology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, USA.
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Prichett
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Patton
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Field
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Brun
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Emery
authors.forename: K B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Rieman
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: McClung
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Nadeau
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Mooney
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Suva
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gowen
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Nuttall
mesh_terms: D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine / Q000494:pharmacology; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D001483:Base Sequence; D015415:Biomarkers; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics*; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D006801:Humans; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D000096982:Urea Transporters
chemical_list: D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; D015415:Biomarkers; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D003907:Dexamethasone; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000096982:Urea Transporters