title: Nonsurgical fluoroscopically guided dacryocystoplasty of common canalicular obstructions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess dacryocystoplasty in the treatment of epiphora due to obstructions of the common canaliculus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients with severe epiphora due to partial (n = 16) or complete (n = 4) obstruction of the common canaliculus underwent fluoroscopically guided dacryocystoplasty. In all cases of incomplete obstruction balloon dilation was performed. Stent implantation was attempted in cases with complete obstruction. Dacryocystography and clinical follow-up was performed at intervals of 1 week, and 3, 6, 12, and 18 months after the procedure. The mean follow-up was 6 months (range 3-18 months).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Balloon dilation was technically successfully performed in all patients with incomplete obstructions (n = 16). In three of four patients with complete obstruction stent implantation was performed successfully. Subsequent to failure of stent implantation in one of these patients balloon dilation was performed instead. The long-term primary patency rate in patients with incomplete obstructions was 88% (n = 14/16). In three of four cases with complete obstruction long-term patency was achieved during follow-up. Severe complications, infections, or punctal splitting were not observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fluoroscopically guided balloon dacryocystoplasty is a feasible nonsurgical therapy in canalicular obstructions with good clinical results that may be used as an alternative to surgical procedures. In patients with complete obstructions stent placement is possible but further investigations are needed to assess the procedural and long-term results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, D-53127 Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Wilhelm
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hofer
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Textor
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Böker
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Strunk
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Schild
mesh_terms: D002404:Catheterization / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007766:Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D007767:Lacrimal Duct Obstruction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015607:Stents; D013997:Time Factors