title: An analysis of work environments and operations in hot and humid areas.
abstract: Crews on tankers traveling and hauling cargo on the lower reaches of the Mississippi River during the hot and humid (H&H) summer season face various occupational safety and ergonomics problems. Evaluation of medical data reveals that a large number of the crewmembers experience job related injuries, diseases, disorders, and exhaustion as a result of adverse environmental conditions (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health [NIOSH], 1993). The accidents and injuries that occurred were characterized and then analysis was used to recommend constructive remedies and solutions. The results were also used to design and develop better work environments on the tankers and in the general industry. In H&H conditions, the body's chemical reactions constantly change in order to maintain the best possible reaction to changing environments. This chemical reaction increases blood flow to the skin through sweating. Body metabolism stabilizes body temperature through muscular work and convection, evaporation and radiation remove heat.
authors.affiliation: Engineering Management Department, School of Engineering, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, MO 65409-0370, USA. ghahrama@umr.edu
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ghahramani
mesh_terms: D001831:Body Temperature; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation; D006804:Ergonomics; D006359:Heat Exhaustion / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D006813:Humidity; D016272:Occupational Health; D012767:Ships; D017132:Workplace; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control