title: Lipid peroxidation of intravenous lipid emulsions and all-in-one admixtures in total parenteral nutrition bags: the influence of trace elements.
abstract: An iodometric titration was used to assess the influence of a daily portion of trace elements on lipid peroxidation of pure lipid emulsions and lipid-containing all-in-one (AIO) admixtures by measuring the peroxide value (PV; mmol peroxides/L). A pure lipid emulsion (Intralipid 20%; Pharmacia & Upjohn, Dubendorf, Switzerland) was stored in ethylvinylacetate bags under light protection (LP) at 40 degrees C with and without trace elements. In absence of trace elements the PV of Intralipid 20% was significantly lower (day 14: 2.77 vs 18.04; p < .001). After the same time period with the same storage conditions the drop in pH was two times higher in presence of trace elements (1.54 vs 0.77). In an AIO admixture with LP stored at 2 degrees C to 8 degrees C, trace elements increased the PV from 0.04 to 0.19 mmol/L (day 29; p < .01). The drop in pH was 0.01 and 0.02 units, respectively. When stored at 20 degrees C to 30 degrees C and exposed to daylight, the PV of the AIO admixture containing trace elements reached 1.92 compared with 0.52 in their absence (day 19; p < .001) with a pH drop of 0.03 and 0.11, respectively (day 29). Although trace elements led to a much higher drop in pH in pure lipid emulsions, no obvious influence on the pH of AIO admixtures was demonstrated. To minimize lipid peroxidation, AIO admixtures should be stored light-protected and refrigerated without trace elements. The latter should be added immediately before administration or should be given separately.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Kantonsspital Aarau, Switerland.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Steger
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Mühlebach
mesh_terms: D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008027:Light; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D010289:Parenteral Nutrition, Total; D010545:Peroxides / Q000032:analysis; D013696:Temperature; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; D010545:Peroxides; D014131:Trace Elements