title: Multi-organ metastatic capability of Chinese hamster ovary cells revealed by green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression.
abstract: Stable high-level green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) were used to visualize the degree of metastatic behavior of this cell line in nude and SCID mice. A stable GFP high-expression CHO clone, selected in 1.5 microM methotrexate, was injected subcutaneously in nude and severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice and implanted orthotopically in the ovary of nude mice. CHO proved to be highly metastatic from both the subcutaneous and orthotopic sites as brightly visualized by GFP fluorescence. High-level GFP-expression allowed the visualization of metastatic tumor in fresh live host tissue in great detail. Metastases were visualized by GFP expression in the lung, pleural membrane, spleen, kidney, ovary, adrenal gland, and peritoneum after orthotopic implantation in nude mice. Metastases were visualized by GFP expression mainly in the lung, pleural membrane after subcutaneous implantation in nude mice. Metastases were visualized in the lung and pleural membrane, liver, kidney, and ovary after subcutaneous implantation in SCID mice. The construction of highly fluorescent stable GFP transfectants of CHO has revealed the multi-organ metastatic capability of CHO cells. CHO has such a high degree of malignancy that it is metastatic from both the orthotopic and subcutaneous transplant sites. This highly malignant GFP-expressing cell-line with multi-organ metastatic affinity should serve as a powerful tool to study tumor-host interaction.
authors.affiliation: AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA 92111, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chishima
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Baranov
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Moossa
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Hoffman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D006224:Cricetinae; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D016513:Mice, SCID; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009928:Organ Specificity
chemical_list: D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins