title: Thymidine phosphorylase expression in progression of cervical cancer: correlation with microvessel count, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and apoptosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine how epithelial and stromal thymidine phosphorylase expression affects angiogenesis, rapid tumour growth, and decreased apoptotic activity in cervical cancer at varying stages of progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Epithelial and stromal thymidine phosphorylase expression, the microvessel count (reflected by factor VIII related antigen), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were assessed immunohistochemically in 25 specimens of normal cervical epithelium, 35 of carcinoma in situ (CIS), 34 of microinvasive carcinoma, and 34 of invasive cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Apoptosis was evaluated by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labelling (TUNEL) method. The relation of epithelial and stromal thymidine phosphorylase expression to microvessel count, PCNA index, and apoptotic index was examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Epithelial and stromal thymidine phosphorylase expression progressively increased along a continuum from normal epithelium to invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Epithelial and stromal thymidine phosphorylase expression showed a significant positive correlation with microvessel counts. Within each histological stage, CIS cases with high stromal thymidine phosphorylase expression, invasive squamous cell carcinoma cases with high epithelial thymidine phosphorylase expression, and microinvasive carcinoma cases with high thymidine phosphorylase expression in both epithelium and stroma had a significantly higher microvessel count. High epithelial thymidine phosphorylase expression was associated with a significantly higher PCNA index in CIS and microinvasive carcinoma, but not in invasive squamous cell carcinoma. No significant correlation was seen between apoptotic index and either epithelial or stromal thymidine phosphorylase expression or microvessel count.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Epithelial and stromal thymidine phosphorylase expression may combine to promote angiogenesis during progression of cervical cancer, and epithelial thymidine phosphorylase expression may stimulate tumour cell proliferation in the early stages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shimane Medical University, Izumo, Japan. fuji39@shimane-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fujiwaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hata
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iida
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maede
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koike
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000201:enzymology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000201:enzymology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000473:pathology*; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000378:metabolism*; D013939:Thymidine Phosphorylase / Q000378:metabolism*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D013939:Thymidine Phosphorylase