title: Markers of tubular damage in pre-eclampsia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aaim of this study is to investigate the tubular damage markers in pre-eclampsia and in pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH).
  
  
  METHODS
  This transversal study involved 111 women admitted to the Department of Obstetric and Gynaecology, University Hospital, Padua (Italy) and was conducted from the 24th week until delivery: 23 had normal pregnancies, 54 manifest pre-eclampsia, and 34 manifested pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) without superimposed pre-eclampsia. The following laboratory tests were performed: U-alpha 1 microglobulin, U-NAG, uric acid and microalbuminuria. The four groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney test and the Kruskall-Wallis test for multiple comparisons. A value of p < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As for the markers of tubular damage, the values for urinary NAG were significantly lower in the control group (0.97 U/mmol Creat) than in the pre-eclampsia group (2.89 U/mmol Creat), and the PIH group (2.12 U/mmol Creat) (p < 0.01). Values for urinary alpha 1-microglobulin were higher in the pre-eclampsia group (4.03 U/mmol Creat) than in the control (0.74 U/mmol Creat), and PIH groups (1.88 U/mmol Creat) (p < 0.01). As for the markers of glomerular damage, the values of microalbuminuria were higher in the pre-eclampsia group (134 micrograms/min) than in the control (9.4 micrograms/min), and PIH groups (10 micrograms/min), (p < 0.05). Uric acid, the marker of glomerular and tubular damage, was higher in the pre-eclampsia group (0.27 mmol/L) than in the control (0.20 mmol/L), and PIH groups (0.24 mmol/L), (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In pre-eclampsia there is a tubular and glomerular damage to point out by an increased urinary excretion of NAG. In pre-eclampsia, an increase of urinary alpha 1-microglobulin excretion may be considered to be partly due to the overloading of the tubule and partly due to a mixed glomerular and tubular lesion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Padova.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Paternoster
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stella
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Babbo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pignataro
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mussap
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Plebani
mesh_terms: D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase / Q000652:urine; D000328:Adult; D000510:Alpha-Globulins / Q000652:urine; D015415:Biomarkers; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007684:Kidney Tubules; D008875:Middle Aged; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D000510:Alpha-Globulins; D015415:Biomarkers; D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase