title: [Changes in isolated ciliary muscle caused by repeated instillation of carbachol ointment in rabbits and effect of topically applied amlexanox].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated changes in ciliary muscle caused by continual contraction in rabbits and evaluated the efficacy of topically applied amlexanox, which relaxes the ciliary muscle, on such changes.
  
  
  METHODS
  After topical application of carbachol ointment 5 times daily for 2 weeks, the contractile responses of isolated ciliary muscles to carbachol were measured isometrically, and the ciliary smooth muscle fibers were stained with phosphotungstic acid and hematoxylin and observed histologically. 1% amlexanox solution was instilled 5 minutes before every instillation of carbachol ointment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Repeated topical carbachol ointment caused decreases in both contractile responses of isolated ciliary muscles to carbachol and number of ciliary smooth muscle fibers stained by phosphotungstic acid and hematoxylin. Amlexanox inhibited these changes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that continual contraction of the ciliary muscle caused functional and histological changes in it. These changes are thought to occur in some diseases which cause excessive contraction of the ciliary muscle. Topical amlexanox might be useful for these diseases.
authors.affiliation: Creative Center, Senju Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Isaka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yorozuya
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Ushijima
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gomi
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000631:Aminopyridines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002217:Carbachol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018679:Cholinergic Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002924:Ciliary Body / Q000187:drug effects*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008916:Miotics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009824:Ointments; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D000631:Aminopyridines; D018679:Cholinergic Agonists; D008916:Miotics; D009824:Ointments; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D002217:Carbachol; C045742:amlexanox