title: Effects of head-slaved and peripheral displays on lane-keeping performance and spatial orientation.
abstract: To improve the efficiency of images presented in low-cost vehicle simulators, the virtual viewing direction (i.e., the direction in which the image is rendered) can be head-slaved, the display can be surrounded with a less detailed peripheral image, or both. Three simulator experiments were used to evaluate the effect of these techniques on lane-keeping performance and spatial orientation. In Experiment 1, vehicle references or a head-slaved display (HSD) provided feedback on the virtual viewing direction. Vehicle references improved lane-keeping performance somewhat with a standard 50 degrees h x 50 degrees v display. An HSD (50 degrees h x 50 degrees v) allowed better steering performance, but not to the levels obtained with a wide display (150 degrees h x 50 degrees v). Experiments 2a and 2b evaluated the effects of surrounding the HSD with a less detailed peripheral image and of moving the HSD discretely or continuously. With the peripheral image, lane-keeping performance (Experiment 2a) and spatial orientation (Experiment 2b) were similar to those with a wide display. In both experiments, performance with the discretely moving HSD was superior to that with the continuously moving HSD. The results show that low-cost driving simulators can be equipped with more efficient displays that are as effective as wide displays for lane-keeping and spatial orientation.
authors.affiliation: TNO Human Factors Research Institute, Soesterberg, Netherlands. kappe@tm.tno.nl
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kappé
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Erp
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Korteling
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001334:Automobile Driving; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012984:Software; D013028:Space Perception; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014584:User-Computer Interface