title: Dilated cardiomyopathy associated with simian AIDS in nonhuman primates.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiomyopathy is being recognized with increasing frequency in patients with AIDS, yet the relationship between HIV infection and cardiac contractile dysfunction remains obscure. The purpose of the present study was to determine if infection with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in nonhuman primates is associated with cardiac dysfunction and myocardial injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Left ventricular size and function were determined by 2D echocardiography in 16 rhesus macaques before and at weekly intervals following infection with cloned pathogenic SIV(mac) 239 or the highly attenuated SIV(mac) 239 nef deletion mutant. A second group of 15 rhesus macaques chronically infected with pathogenic (n=6) or nonpathogenic (n=9) virus were studied at >2 years following infection. Cardiac tissues from 24 rhesus macaques chronically infected (>2 years) with pathogenic SIV were reviewed for evidence of cardiac pathology. Acute infection (<6 weeks) with either pathogenic or nonpathogenic SIV caused neither contractile dysfunction nor cardiac pathology. However, LV ejection fraction was significantly (P<0.05) depressed (43+/-7%) in rhesus macaques chronically infected with pathogenic SIV compared with rhesus macaques chronically infected with nonpathogenic SIV (61+/-3%). Furthermore, two thirds of rhesus macaques that succumbed to simian AIDS had myocardial pathology including lymphocytic myocarditis (n=9) and coronary arteriopathy (n=6), with complete vessel occlusion (n=4) and associated myocardial infarction and necrosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This unique model is valuable in understanding the pathogenesis of cardiac injury associated with retroviral infection in a relevant nonhuman primate model of AIDS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA. rshannon@pgh.auhs.edu
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Shannon
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mathier
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mankad
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Lackner
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000821:virology*; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left