title: Arterial/venous plasma nicotine concentrations following nicotine nasal spray.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Arterial (A) and venous (V) plasma nicotine and cotinine concentrations were measured after nasal nicotine spray in tobacco smokers of both genders. The hypothesis for this research was that a greater A/V difference in plasma nicotine would be present in males than females because males have greater skeletal muscle mass to bind nicotine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine male and nine female healthy adult smokers were studied. They all abstained from use of tobacco overnight for 10 h or more prior to the study. Nicotine nasal spray was given in doses of 1-2.5 mg total, with half in each nostril while the subject was supine. Both A and V blood samples were obtained prior to and 3, 6, 10, 15, 20, and 30 min post-nasal nicotine spray.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nasal nicotine administration produced greater A than V plasma levels. There were no gender differences in A/V nicotine concentrations, disproving the above hypothesis, suggesting that other physiochemical factors besides skeletal muscle mass must be involved. Heart rate increases correlated well with arterial plasma nicotine levels (r = 0.77). Males had less variance than females in the expected increase in arterial plasma nicotine concentrations with increased number of nasal sprays. Although there was considerable overlap, mean A cotinine concentrations were consistently slightly larger than V concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-0632, USA.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Guthrie
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Zubieta
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ohl
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Koeppe
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Minoshima
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Domino
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000336:Aerosols; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D019540:Area Under Curve; D003367:Cotinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005731:Ganglionic Stimulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012016:Reference Values; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D005731:Ganglionic Stimulants; D009538:Nicotine; D003367:Cotinine