title: MRI study of human brain exposed to high-dose repetitive magnetic stimulation of visual cortex.
abstract: T1-, T2-, and diffusion-weighted MRI was used to determine whether repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) affects the blood-brain barrier or induces localized brain edema. In 11 healthy individuals, 1,200 to 3,800 stimuli were applied over the visual cortex of one hemisphere in series of 5-, 10-, or 20-Hz stimulus trains. MRI performed 6 minutes to 6 hours after rTMS did not show pathologic changes in conventional MRI sequences, after application of gadolinium diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA), or by determining apparent diffusion coefficients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Charité, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Humboldt-University, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Niehaus
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grosse
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Röricht
authors.forename: B U
authors.initials: BU
authors.lastname: Meyer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000502:physiology; D001834:Body Water / Q000378:metabolism; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008280:Magnetics; D008297:Male; D010719:Phosphenes / Q000502:physiology; D010812:Physical Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA