title: HIV-1 protease inhibitor-associated partial lipodystrophy: clinicopathologic review of 14 cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A novel type of acquired partial lipodystrophy resulting from chronic treatment with HIV-1 protease inhibitor drugs has recently been described.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We studied the clinical and histopathologic features of a series of patients with HIV-1 protease inhibitor-associated lipodystrophy to evaluate the frequency of associated abnormalities.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group consisted of 14 consecutive HIV-infected patients receiving treatment with HIV-1 protease inhibitors, who experienced partial lipodystrophy. Clinical (including anthropometric data) and histopathologic findings, as well as biochemical and virologic data, were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant loss of fat in the face and extremities was associated with fat deposition on the abdomen, breast, and dorsocervical fat pad. Central obesity was frequently present. Histopathologic features disclosed a peculiar type of involutional lipodystrophy. Hypertriglyceridemia was detected in 78.5% of patients. Low serum levels of cholesterol-high-density lipoprotein and high cholesterol-very-low-density lipoprotein were noted. Hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, or hyperinsulinemia were occasionally detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIV-1 protease inhibitor-associated lipodystrophy represents a new entity with peculiar clinical and histopathologic features. Metabolic associated abnormalities may imply a risk of future atherogenic complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Pujol
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Domingo
authors.lastname: Xavier-Matias-Guiu
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Francia
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sanbeat
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alomar
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vazquez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D001823:Body Composition; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D008060:Lipodystrophy / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000139:chemically induced; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D011480:Protease Inhibitors