title: Weight loss and elevated gluconeogenesis from alanine in lung cancer patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The role of gluconeogenesis from protein in the pathogenesis of weight loss in lung cancer is unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to study gluconeogenesis from alanine in lung cancer patients and to analyze its relation to the degree of weight loss.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional study, we used primed-constant infusions of [6,6-(2)H(2)]-D-glucose and [3-(13)C]-L-alanine to assess whole-body glucose and alanine turnover and gluconeogenesis from alanine in weight-losing (WL, n = 9) and weight-stable (WS, n = 10) lung cancer patients and healthy control (n = 15) subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Energy intake and plasma alanine concentrations did not differ significantly among the subject groups. Mean (+/-SEM) whole-body glucose production was significantly higher in WL than in WS and control subjects (0.74 +/- 0.06 compared with 0.55 +/- 0.04 and 0.51 +/- 0.04 mmol*kg(-)(1)*h(-)(1), respectively, P < 0.01). Alanine turnover was significantly elevated in WL compared with WS and control subjects (0.57 +/- 0.04 compared with 0.42 +/- 0.05 and 0.40 +/- 0.03 mmol*kg(-)(1)*h(-)(1), respectively, P < 0.01). Gluconeogenesis from alanine was significantly higher in WL than in WS and control subjects (0.47 +/- 0.04 compared with 0.31 +/- 0.04 and 0.29 +/- 0.04 mmol*kg(-)(1)*h(-)(1), respectively, P < 0.01). The degree of weight loss was positively correlated with glucose and alanine turnover and with gluconeogenesis from alanine (r = 0.45 for all, P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aberrant glucose and alanine metabolism occurred in WL lung cancer patients. These changes were related to the degree of weight loss and not to the presence of lung cancer per se.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine II, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Netherlands. susanne.leij@numico-research.nl
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leij-Halfwerk
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Dagnelie
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: van Den Berg
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Wattimena
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hordijk-Luijk
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000409:Alanine / Q000378:metabolism*; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000378:metabolism*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003903:Deuterium; D005260:Female; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood; D005943:Gluconeogenesis; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D007328:Insulin; D005934:Glucagon; D003903:Deuterium; D005947:Glucose; D000409:Alanine