title: In vivo assessment of synovial microcirculation and leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction in mouse antigen-induced arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The microcirculation and leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction in synovial tissue of an inflamed joint are known to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. The aim of this study was to characterize the in vivo changes in the microvasculature and in leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in the mouse synovial tissue using intravital fluorescence microscopy in three stages of antigen-induced arthritis. The expression of E- and P-selectin and ICAM-1 were also studied using immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Antigen-induced arthritis (AiA) was produced in Balb/c mice. The severity of arthritis at three different phases was quantified using a clinical and histological score. For the intravital fluorescence microscopy measurements, the patella tendon was partially resected for visualization of the intraarticular synovial tissue of the knee joint. The number of rolling and adherent leukocytes, functional capillary density (FCD) and RBC velocity were quantitatively measured in synovial microvessels. Expression of ICAM-1, E- and P-selectin was assessed by immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant increase in the leukocyte rolling fraction in postcapillary venules in the acute phase of AiA (from 0.26 +/- 0.05 in controls to 0.45 +/- 0.04 8 d after AiA induction). The number of leukocytes adherent to the endothelium was significantly elevated in all phases of arthritis (from 121 +/- 27 in controls to 376 +/- 62 mm2 63 d after AiA-induction). Functional capillary density was significantly enhanced in the acute (332 +/- 15 cm/cm2) and intermediate phases (320 +/- 15 cm/cm2) compared to control values (227 +/- 15 cm/cm2). Arthritis resulted in a distinct increase in the expression of ICAM-1 on the synovial endothelium in all phases of AiA. E- and P-selectin expression were detected only in the acute phase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our model provides new insights into the microcirculatory changes which occur in the synovial tissue of an arthritic joint.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Surgical Research, Department for Orthopedics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany. andyvei@lrz-muenchen.de
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Veihelmann
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Krombach
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schütze
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Refior
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Messmer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002450:Cell Communication; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology*; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008833:Microcirculation; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000098:blood supply*
chemical_list: D019040:E-Selectin; D019007:P-Selectin; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1