title: Ultrasonic coagulator for video-assisted internal mammary artery harvest.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Harmonic Scalpel (HS; Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Cincinnati, OH, USA) is an ultrasonic coagulator that generates less heat than electrocautery. We compared canine internal mammary arteries (IMAs) harvested using the HS or electrocautery and reviewed the early clinical outcome after thoracoscopic IMA takedown with the HS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using HS and bipolar electrocautery (BE), 51 and 49 IMA branches, respectively, in six mongrel dogs were divided. The divided branches were subjected to a pressure tolerance test. The impact of coagulation on the main trunk was investigated microscopically. Thoracoscopic IMA harvesting with the HS was performed in 41 patients. Seven human IMA segments including 10 branches were examined microscopically. Postoperative angiography of 40 IMA grafts (97.6%) was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the IMA branches withstood intraluminal pressures up to 250 mmHg. With BE, coagulation reached the adventitia of the main trunk in six segments (12.2%), but the HS caused no injury. Thoracoscopic IMA harvesting with excellent hemostasis was achieved using only the HS in all 41 patients. The main trunks of the human IMA segments were microscopically intact, and postoperative angiography demonstrated that the IMA grafts were intact.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The HS appears to be a reliable coagulator for thoracoscopic IMA harvesting with minimal damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohtsuka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takamoto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Endoh
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kotsuka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D004285:Dogs; D004564:Electrocoagulation; D005260:Female; D006488:Hemostasis, Surgical / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008323:Mammary Arteries / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D013906:Thoracoscopy; D014465:Ultrasonics; D014741:Video Recording