title: Immunohistochemical localization of cytokines and cell adhesion molecules in maxillary sinus mucosa in chronic sinusitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic sinusitis is a common disease characterized by persistent inflammation of the nasal and paranasal sinus mucosa. Accumulating evidence supports the importance of proinflammatory cytokines and endothelial cell adhesion molecule (CAM) expression as an initiating process in tissue inflammation. This study was conducted to investigate the localization of major cytokines and CAMs in the maxillary sinus mucosa from patients with chronic sinusitis and from normal subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Maxillary sinus mucosal specimens from patients with chronic sinusitis (n = 10) and from normal subjects (n = 6) were immunostained with specific antibodies directed against the cytokines (IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha) and the CAMs (intercellular adhesion molecule-1, ICAM-1 and vascular CAM-1, VCAM-1).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of immunoreactive cells for IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha was increased significantly in patients with chronic sinusitis compared with normal controls. Immunoreactivity for ICAM-1 was also increased significantly in patients with chronic sinusitis compared with normal controls, whereas VCAM-1 is only minimally expressed or is absent in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that bacterial and/or viral infection may induce functional and morphologic changes in the maxillary sinus mucosa in chronic sinusitis through enhanced generation of specific cytokines in conjunction with CAMs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mie University School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nonoyama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shinogi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakakura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000150:complications; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D046508:Culture Techniques; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D015523:Maxillary Sinusitis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D011852:Radioallergosorbent Test / Q000379:methods; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D016207:Cytokines