title: Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 and their inhibitors in peripheral blood cells of patients with chronic hepatitis C.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To clarify whether circulating matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) can be used as serum markers of fibroproliferation in chronic liver diseases, we studied the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in relation to TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 in peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (MNLs) and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMLs), and compared this expression to circulating concentrations and hepatic histology in patients with chronic active hepatitis C (CAH).
  
  
  METHODS
  Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR/ELISA assays were performed for MMP and TIMP RNA, and corresponding circulating protein concentrations were studied by ELISA in 20 healthy controls, 40 patients with CAH, and 20 patients with hepatitis C-induced cirrhosis (Ci).
  
  
  RESULTS
  MMP-2 mRNA was found almost exclusively in the liver, MMP-9 mRNA in leukocytes. TIMP RNA-equivalents were decreased in MNLs of CAH patients, but neither MMP-9 nor TIMP RNA expression showed any correlation to the extent of inflammation and fibrosis. MMP-2 and TIMP-1 protein concentrations were increased in Ci patients and showed a wide overlap in CAH patients and healthy controls. MMP-9 values were lower in CAH and Ci patients than in healthy controls. TIMP-2 values showed a wide overlap in all three groups. The MMP-2/TIMP-1 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratios were lower in Ci patients than in healthy controls; the MMP-2/TIMP-2 and MMP-9/TIMP-2 ratios were not different. Circulating TIMP-1 and the MMP-2/TIMP-1 ratio correlated to the inflammatory activity in liver biopsies, but only the circulating MMP-2/TIMP-1 ratio also correlated with the degree of fibrosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Peripheral blood cell expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMP revealed no correlation with the circulating concentrations of these proteins. Only the circulating MMP-2/TIMP-1 ratio correlated to the histological degree of fibrosis in hepatitis C and should be further evaluated as a progression marker in patients with chronic liver disease.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Chemistry I, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Institute of Pathology, Medizinische Hochschule, D-30623 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lichtinghagen
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Huegel
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Seifert
authors.forename: C I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Haberkorn
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Michels
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Flemming
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bahr
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Boeker
mesh_terms: D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000473:pathology; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000097:blood*; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9