Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis.
Heparin remains the most commonly used parenteral medication in hospitalized patients. Heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) and heparin induced thrombocytopenia with thrombosis syndrome or the white clot syndrome are important complications of heparin use. This article provides an in-depth review of the etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management options in patients with HIT. Clinical problems associated with HIT such as antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and venous gangrene are described. The management options of HIT patients during cardiac interventional procedures and coronary surgery as well as recent advances in therapeutic options are summarized.
Ananthasubramaniam
K
K
Division of Cardiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA. vanji@pol.net
Shurafa
M
M
Prasad
A
A
D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006493:Heparin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D013577:Syndrome; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy
D000925:Anticoagulants; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D006493:Heparin