title: A genetic and molecular characterization of the garnet gene of Drosophila melanogaster.
abstract: The garnet gene was one of the first genes to be identified in Drosophila melanogaster. Mutations in the garnet gene affect both of the biochemically distinct types of pigments in the eye and disrupt pigmentation of other organs. As an initial step in the analysis of this gene, we have analyzed the pigmentation defects in several of the garnet alleles. We have also cloned the gene and examined its expression in various tissues and at different stages of development. The garnet gene is expressed throughout development and in all tissues examined. Structurally related sequences can be detected in a variety of other eukaryotes. The predicted protein sequence of the garnet product resembles clathrin and nonclathrin adaptin proteins and is highly similar to the delta subunit of the newly isolated mammalian AP-3 adaptin complex, which is associated with the trans-Golgi network and endosomes. This suggests that garnet encodes a protein that acts in the intracellular sorting and trafficking of vesicles from the trans-Golgi network to endosomes, and related specialized organelles such as the pigment granule. This finding provides an explanation for the phenotype of garnet mutations and predicts that other Drosophila eye-colour genes will be a rich resource for the genetic dissection of intracellular vesicle transport.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Lloyd
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Sinclair
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wennberg
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Warner
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Grigliatti
mesh_terms: D033963:Adaptor Protein Complex 3; D033981:Adaptor Protein Complex delta Subunits; D000483:Alleles; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics*; D005127:Eye Color / Q000235:genetics*; D005136:Eye Proteins; D017344:Genes, Insect; D006801:Humans; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008317:Malpighian Tubules; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013737:Testis; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D033963:Adaptor Protein Complex 3; D033981:Adaptor Protein Complex delta Subunits; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D005136:Eye Proteins; C406291:G protein, Drosophila; D019476:Insect Proteins