title: Predicting the need for anti-incontinence surgery in continent women undergoing repair of severe urogenital prolapse.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We determined the indications for anti-incontinence surgery in continent women undergoing surgical repair of severe urogenital prolapse.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively evaluated 24 continent women referred for evaluation of severe urogenital prolapse. All patients underwent a meticulous clinical evaluation, including a complete history and physical examination, urinary questionnaire, voiding diary, pad test, cotton swab test, video urodynamics and cystoscopy. The urodynamic evaluation was repeated with prolapse repositioning by a fitted vaginal pessary. Surgical intervention was tailored according to urodynamic findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reduction of prolpase with a pessary unmasked sphincteric incontinence in 14 women (58%). Ten women with no urodynamic evidence of sphincteric incontinence underwent anterior colporrhaphy and no additional anti-incontinence procedure was performed. Mean followup was 44 months (range 12 to 96). None had postoperative stress incontinence but 1 (10%) had a recurrent grade 2 cystocele. The 14 remaining women with sphincteric incontinence after prolapse reduction underwent anterior colporrhaphy with a pubovaginal sling procedure. Mean followup in these cases was 47 months (range 12 to 108). In 2 patients (14%) stress incontinence developed postoperatively and 1 (7%) had a recurrent grade 3 cystocele. The incidence of urge incontinence did not appear to be significantly influenced by either surgical intervention. Overall 12 patients had preoperative urge incontinence, of whom 9 (75%) had persistent urge incontinence postoperatively. In another woman new onset urge incontinence developed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preoperative urodynamic evaluation with and without prolapse reduction is essential for making the correct diagnosis of masked stress incontinence in women with urogenital prolapse. The decision to perform a concomitant prophylactic anti-incontinence procedure should be tailored to individual urodynamic findings. Larger series and longer followup are needed to establish the most effective preventive procedure for this troublesome clinical problem.
authors.affiliation: Weill Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Chaikin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Groutz
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Blaivas
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014596:Uterine Prolapse / Q000601:surgery*