title: Interaction of anti-HLA antibodies with pig xenoantigens.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many patients with renal failure are condemned to long-term dialysis with little prospect of transplantation because they are highly sensitized with immunoglobulin G (IgG) directed against class I human leukocyte antigens (HLA) of virtually all donors. Xenotransplantation could represent an attractive solution providing their alloantibodies (alloAb) do not recognize porcine motifs. Hitherto there has been no in vivo demonstration of any cross-reactivity and the objective of this work was to investigate this problem using a technique of extracorporeal pig kidney perfusion as a model of clinical xenografting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pig kidneys were perfused ex vivo with plasma from both a group of highly sensitized patients and healthy individuals. Sequential plasma samples were analyzed for the titer of anti-Galalpha1-3Gal antibody (Ab) (major natural xenoreactive Ab) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and anti-HLA class I Ab against a cell panel. At the end of perfusion, kidneys were perfused with a citric acid buffer to elute bound Ab.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Galalpha1-3Gal Ab were shown to decrease rapidly in the plasma (in less than 10 min) and then reached a plateau. A fractional decrease in anti-HLA Ab was also found in some of the perfused plasma samples. Anti-Gal Ab were readily detected in all citric acid perfusates and anti-HLA Ab in 8 of 10. The HLA specificities of eluted Ab were mainly concordant with the originally designated specificities for each patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anti-HLA class I Ab presumably cross-react with pig class I homologues. However, some plasma samples did not cross-react, suggesting that negatively cross-matched pig kidneys could be identified in the pig population for xenotransplantation in these patients. Further studies are required to precisely describe these cross-reactivities and to understand their functional significance in xenotransplantation.
authors.affiliation: Inserm Unit 437 Immunointervention in Allo and Xenotransplantation and ITERT (Institut de Transplantation Et de Recherche en Transplantation), Nantes, France.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Barreau
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Godfrin
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Bouhours
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Bignon
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Karam
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Leteissier
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moreau
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dantal
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Menoret
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Anegon
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Imbert
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brouard
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Soulillou
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Blancho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000276:immunology*; D015478:Antigens, Heterophile / Q000276:immunology*; D001769:Blood / Q000276:immunology; D003429:Cross Reactions; D004187:Disaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000276:immunology*; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D007158:Immunologic Techniques; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007668:Kidney / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D007700:Kinetics; D010477:Perfusion; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D013552:Swine / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D015478:Antigens, Heterophile; D004187:Disaccharides; D006680:HLA Antigens; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; C055075:galactosyl-(1-3)galactose