title: Novel salmon cardiac peptide hormone is released from the ventricle by regulated secretory pathway.
abstract: We used the secretion of the novel salmon cardiac peptide (sCP) as a model to examine the mechanisms of ventricular hormone release. Mechanical load increased dose dependently the secretion of immunoreactive sCP from isolated perfused salmon ventricle, with 3. 3-fold increase when a load of 13 cmH(2)O was applied. Endothelin-1 (5 nmol/l) was also able to rapidly increase the secretion of sCP. The released peptide corresponded to the biologically active sCP-29, whereas the large ventricular storage consisted of pro-sCP-sized material. With the use of immunoelectron microscopy, a large number of granules containing immunoreactive sCP could be detected in salmon ventricle. As judged by RNA blot analysis, there was very active basal expression of the sCP gene in the ventricle, which was not increased by mechanical load of up to 2-h duration. Our results show that the ventricle actively expresses the gene of sCP, stores the prohormone in secretory granules, and releases the peptide in response to mechanical load and endothelin-1. Thus the salmon ventricle uses the regulated pathway to produce and release a hormone structurally related to the mammalian natriuretic peptides.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Oulu, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kokkonen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vierimaa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bergström
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tervonen
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Arjamaa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ruskoaho
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Järvilehto
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Vuolteenaho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003594:Cytoplasmic Granules / Q000378:metabolism; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D029941:Fish Proteins; D015870:Gene Expression; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D016253:Microscopy, Immunoelectron; D045265:Natriuretic Peptides; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012474:Salmon / Q000502:physiology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016474:Weight-Bearing
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D019332:Endothelin-1; D029941:Fish Proteins; D045265:Natriuretic Peptides; D011498:Protein Precursors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors; C403482:cardiac natriuretic peptide, Salmo salar