title: Effects of exercise training on gallbladder function in an obese female population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Aerobic exercise may influence gallstone disease pathogenesis through its effect on gallbladder motility. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of exercise training on gallbladder emptying in obese women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-seven obese subjects were randomized into one of two groups: exercise (E) (five 45-min brisk walking sessions per week at 75.2 +/- 0.5% of maximum heart rate) and controls (C). Gallbladder function via cholescintigraphy, cardiorespiratory fitness, and body composition were measured in all subjects before and after a 12-wk intervention period. In each cholescintigraphy trial subjects ingested an 8-oz liquid meal 45 min after injection of 99mTc disofenin to promote gallbladder emptying. Gallbladder areas were then scanned for 60 s and then every 5 min for 60 min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  VO2max increased significantly by 9% for E when compared with that for C (P < 0.001). Within E postprandial gallbladder ejection fraction (EF) increased significantly after training (39.5 +/- 4.9% to 54.7 +/- 6.5%, P < 0.05); however, this 15.2% increase in EF was not significantly greater than the change reported in the controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results indicate that 12 wk of moderate exercise training does improve cardiorespiratory fitness but does not significantly effect gallbladder emptying in obese women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Leisure, and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA. utterac@appstate.edu
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Utter
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Whitcomb
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Nieman
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Butterworth
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Vermillion
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000209:etiology; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016473:Gallbladder Emptying / Q000502:physiology*; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019785:Technetium Tc 99m Disofenin; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019785:Technetium Tc 99m Disofenin