title: Anemia management of adult hemodialysis patients in the US results: from the 1997 ESRD Core Indicators Project.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Health Care Financing Administration's End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) Core Indicators Project collects clinical information on prevalent adult patients receiving in-center hemodialysis (HD) care in the United States to assess the quality of care delivered. Although hematocrit values, transferrin saturations, and iron prescription practices have improved over the last five years, we sought to determine whether continued opportunities for improvement of this domain of care exist.
  
  
  METHODS
  A random sample of 7292 adult in-center HD patients was selected. Dialysis facility staff provided clinical information for the period of October through December 1996 for 6858 (94%) patients; complete laboratory information was available from 4991 (73%) returned forms. Hematocrit values, transferrin saturations, serum ferritin concentrations, epoetin alfa dosing, and iron prescriptions were abstracted from patient medical records to assess anemia management practices.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean hematocrit for this cohort was 32.6 +/- 3.5%. Seventy-two percent of patients had hematocrit values> 30%. Forty-two percent had hematocrit values of 33 to 36%, and 10% were severely anemic (hematocrit <28%). Ninety-four percent of the patients received epoetin alfa intravenously (i.v.) and 6% subcutaneously. The mean weekly dose was 202.4 +/- 137.2 units/kg. The mean transferrin saturation was 27.4 +/- 12.6%; 73% of patients had a mean transferrin saturation > or = 20%. The mean serum ferritin concentration was 386 +/- 422 ng/mL; 79 and 12% of patients had a serum ferritin concentration of> 100 and> 800 ng/mL, respectively. Nine percent of the sample (N = 434) had a transferrin saturation <20% and serum ferritin concentration <100 ng/mL. Regardless of the patient's transferrin saturation, approximately three fourths of the patients received either oral or i.v. iron, and only approximately one half of the patients received i.v. iron. Of the subset of patients with transferrin saturation <20% and serum ferritin concentration <800 ng/mL, only 53% were prescribed intravenous iron. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that serum albumin, urea reduction ratio, age, and transferrin saturation were significantly positively associated with hematocrit. Epoetin alfa dose and serum ferritin concentration were significantly and negatively associated with the hematocrit (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although substantial improvements have been made in anemia management for adult in-center HD patients over the past five years, significant opportunities persist to improve iron prescription practices.
authors.affiliation: Health Care Financing Administration, Baltimore, MD 21244, USA. dfrankenfield@hcfa.gov
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Frankenfield
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Wish
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Rocco
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Madore
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Owen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000592:standards; D000740:Anemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D000068817:Epoetin Alfa; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood; D006397:Hematinics / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006400:Hematocrit; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D019984:Quality Indicators, Health Care; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000592:standards*; D012709:Serum Albumin; D014168:Transferrin / Q000032:analysis; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D006397:Hematinics; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012709:Serum Albumin; D014168:Transferrin; D004921:Erythropoietin; D000068817:Epoetin Alfa; D005293:Ferritins; D007501:Iron