title: Magnetic resonance imaging of athlete's heart: myocardial mass, left ventricular function, and cross-sectional area of the coronary arteries.
abstract: To evaluate left ventricular myocardial mass and function as well as ostial coronary artery cross-sectional area in endurance athletes, an athlete group of 12 highly trained rowers and a control group of 12 sedentary healthy subjects underwent MR examination. An ECG-gated breath-hold cine gradient-echo sequence was used to calculate myocardial mass, end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes, stroke volume, and cardiac output, all related to body surface area, as well as ejection fraction. A 3D fat-saturated ECG- and respiratory-triggered navigator echo sequence was used to evaluate coronary arteries: left main (LM), left anterior descending (LAD), left circumflex (LCx), and right coronary artery (RCA). Cross-sectional area was calculated and divided for body surface area. Myocardial mass was found significantly larger in athlete group than in control group (p = 0.0078), the same being for end-diastolic volume (p = 0.0078), stroke volume (p = 0.0055), LM (p = 0.0066) and LAD (p = 0.0129). No significant difference was found for all the remaining parameters. Significant correlation with myocardial mass was found for LM (p < 0.001) and LAD (p = 0.0340), not for LCx and RCA. Magnetic resonance imaging is a useful tool in evaluating the myocardial hypertrophy and function of athlete's heart. Magnetic resonance angiography is a valuable noninvasive method to visualize the correlated cross-sectional area increase of the left coronary artery system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiotherapy, University of Genoa School of Medicine, San Martino Hospital, Largo R. Benzi, 10, I-16132 Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zandrino
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Molinari
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Smeraldi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Odaglia
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Masperone
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sardanelli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000175:diagnosis*; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine; D008297:Male; D010807:Physical Endurance; D005082:Physical Exertion; D013177:Sports; D013318:Stroke Volume; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left