title: Ecto-ATPase activity in the rat cardiac muscle: biochemical characteristics and histocytochemical localization.
abstract: We used a combined biochemical and histocytochemical approach to study ecto-ATPase in the rat cardiac muscle. The reaction medium employed for histocytochemical detection was optimized in biochemical assays to achieve the highest enzyme activity and lowest inhibition by the capture agent used for visualization of the reaction product. Approximately 70% of the enzyme activity was retained in samples after the fixation procedure. Divalent cations stimulated ecto-ATPase. High activity was detectable within a wide pH range. Histocytochemical reaction was observed at sites at which extracellular ATP can potentially exert its actions on the cardiac muscle: nerve endings, plasma membranes of cardiac myocytes and capillary endothelial cells, and T-tubules. Product of the reaction was found exclusively at the outer surface of the cells. In controls, enzyme activity was abolished by diethyl pyrocarbonate and slightly stimulated by digitonin and concanavalin A, whereas sodium orthovanadate, N-ethylmaleimide, and sodium azide yielded no effect. Our results support the view that cardiac ecto-ATPase is involved in important physiological functions and suggest that its activity may be regulated by the release of ATP from nerve endings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kochi Medical School, Japan. zinchuk@kochi-ms.ac.jp
authors.forename: V S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Zinchuk
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002413:Cations, Divalent / Q000378:metabolism; D002414:Cations, Monovalent / Q000378:metabolism; D002563:Cerium / Q000494:pharmacology; D003470:Culture Media / Q000494:pharmacology; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000201:enzymology; D005404:Fixatives; D005976:Glutaral; D006321:Heart / Q000294:innervation; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006868:Hydrolysis; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009206:Myocardium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009411:Nerve Endings / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011983:Receptors, Purinergic / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D002413:Cations, Divalent; D002414:Cations, Monovalent; D003470:Culture Media; D005404:Fixatives; D011983:Receptors, Purinergic; D002563:Cerium; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; C027201:ectoATPase; D005976:Glutaral