title: Multi-ribozyme targeting of human alpha-globin gene expression.
abstract: One approach to gene therapy for the treatment of hemoglobinopathies has been focused on increasing normal globin gene expression. However, because of the high concentration of hemoglobin in the red blood cell (32-34 g/dl), merely introducing the normal globin gene may not be enough to counteract the effect of an abnormal globin. We propose that in addition to strategies to add normal beta- or gamma-globin production to sickle erythrocytes, a decrease in overall hemoglobin concentration would further decrease the polymerization potential and should be considered with other gene therapy approaches. Ribozymes offer the potential to target a selected gene product. A model system has been set up using the human alpha-globin gene for specific gene suppression by ribozymes by cleaving alpha-globin mRNA transcripts. Ribozymes, specifically targeted to five different sites in the 5' portion of human alpha-globin mRNA, have been designed and tested in vitro. Cleavage of 32P-labeled alpha-globin mRNA by these ribozymes has been observed in vitro and the highest level of activity has been found for a multi-ribozyme combining all five ribozymes. The multi-ribozyme gene along with promoters with varying activities in erythroid cells was transfected into human erythroleukemia K562 cells. The multi-ribozyme gene, under the control of human alpha-2-globin promoter alone and combined with the locus control region enhancer, caused a decrease in the level of alpha-globin mRNA of 50-75% compared to the control, determined by RNase protection and by real-time quantitative PCR. The decrease in alpha-globin transcripts has been found to be correlated with expression of the multi-ribozyme in a dose-dependent manner and does not appear to be mediated by an antisense effect. These results suggest that the multi-ribozyme may be useful in gene therapy as an effective suppressor of a specific globin gene.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ikonomi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ho
mesh_terms: D016375:Antisense Elements (Genetics) / Q000494:pharmacology; D001665:Binding Sites; D002474:Cell-Free System; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015870:Gene Expression; D005914:Globins / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D020014:K562 Cells; D016337:RNA, Catalytic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D016375:Antisense Elements (Genetics); D016337:RNA, Catalytic; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D005914:Globins