title: Is short stature a handicap? A comparison of the psychosocial functioning of referred and nonreferred children with normal short stature and children with normal stature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Normal short stature (NSS), defined as height below the 5th percentile for age and sex norms that is not due to illness, hormonal deficiency, or part of a dysmorphic syndrome, has been thought to have a deleterious effect on psychosocial functioning based on observations of referred populations. Recent studies of nonreferred children with NSS, however, have demonstrated normal function. This study directly compared the psychosocial functioning of referred children with NSS, nonreferred children with NSS, and children with normal stature.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants, 90 children (46 boys, 44 girls) between 6 and 12 years of age (mean, 9. 6 years), were administered intelligence and achievement tests. Parents and teachers assessed adaptive and problem behaviors. Family adaptability and cohesiveness were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intelligence and achievement for referred and nonreferred children with NSS were average. Referred children with NSS were reported to have more externalizing behavior problems and poorer social skills than nonreferred children with NSS and children in the control group. Family adaptability and cohesiveness were comparable across groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children with NSS have normal psychosocial function, and results suggest that externalizing behavior problems, attention problems, and poor social skills in children referred to clinics for NSS are inappropriately attributed to short stature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Educational Psychology, University of Florida College of Education, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7047, USA.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kranzler
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Rosenbloom
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Proctor
authors.forename: F B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Diamond
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watson
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D001288:Attention; D001827:Body Height; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D002657:Child Development; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence; D008297:Male; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012917:Social Adjustment