title: Clinical results of fetal obstructive uropathy treated by vesicoamniotic shunting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the clinical results of 5 fetuses after a vesicoamniotic shunting procedure (VASP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1995 and 1998, 5 patients (two with prune belly syndrome, one with a cloacal anomaly, one with urethral stenosis, and one with a sacrococcygeal teratoma) underwent VASP using a double-basket catheter. We used the following selection criteria: a fetus without chromosomal defects, with oligohydramnios, and with a predicted good renal function from sequential or single fetal urinalysis (sodium concentration, chloride concentration, and osmolarity at less than 100 mEq/L, less than 90 mEq/L, and less than 210 mOsm, respectively).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean gestational age was 20.8 +/- 6.9 weeks at diagnosis, 24.2 +/- 6.0 weeks at VASP, and 30.6 +/- 6.2 weeks at delivery. In our study, 2 of 5 patients survived. One of the patients with prune belly syndrome was 18 months old at last follow-up, with hydrocephalus and a creatinine level of 0.2 mg/dL. The patient with the cloacal anomaly was 4 years old at last follow-up and had signs of clonic convulsion. However, psychomotor development was delayed in both. Of the 3 patients who died, 2 died after birth, and the autopsy determined death was due to pulmonary insufficiency. The patient with urethral stenosis died in utero.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the principal purpose of VASP is to prevent pulmonary hypoplasia and dysfunctional kidneys, VASP was not always effective, as the outcomes were poor in most of our patients. A greater standardization of patient selection and a large cohort study in the future should be considered to assess VASP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Makino
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kyono
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oshima
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawarabayashi
mesh_terms: D000650:Amnion / Q000601:surgery*; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D002988:Cloaca / Q000002:abnormalities; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D011535:Prune Belly Syndrome; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000601:surgery*; D014524:Urethral Obstruction / Q000601:surgery*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000601:surgery*; D001748:Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction / Q000601:surgery*