title: Concentration and mindfulness meditations: unique forms of consciousness?
abstract: Electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings from 19 scalp recording sites were used to differentiate among two posited unique forms of mediation, concentration and mindfulness, and a normal relaxation control condition. Analyzes of all traditional frequency bandwidth data (i.e., delta 1-3 Hz; theta, 4-7 Hz; alpha, 8-12 Hz; beta 1, 13-25 Hz; beta 2, 26-32 Hz) showed strong mean amplitude frequency differences between the two meditation conditions and relaxation over numerous cortical sites. Furthermore, significant differences were obtained between concentration and mindfulness states at all bandwidths. Taken together, our results suggest that concentration and mindfulness "meditations" may be unique forms of consciousness and are not merely degrees of a state of relaxation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of West Florida, Pensacola 32514, USA. bdunn@ai.uwf.edu
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hartigan
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Mikulas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003243:Consciousness / Q000502:physiology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019122:Meditation; D008606:Mental Processes; D012063:Relaxation