title: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in the management of loculated empyema.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fibropurulent empyema (stage II of Light) does not respond to antibiotic therapy and simple drainage. If the condition is inadequately treated, restrictive pulmonary deficit develops, necessitating thoracotomy and decortication. We report our experience with the videoscopic management of stage II and limited stage III disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten consecutive patients underwent videoscopic debridement of fibropurulent empyema; three of them required removal of limited visceral and parietal rind.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean operating time was 42 +/- 8.1 min. Postoperative pyrexia and leucocytosis settled within 4.2 +/- 2.1 days and 13.1 +/- 3.2 days, respectively. Intercostal chest tubes were removed by 4.5 +/- 1.0 days. The mean fall in hematocrit following surgery was 4.9%. Parenteral analgesics were required for 1.0 +/- 0.5 days and oral analgesics for 3 +/- 1.6 days. The mean postoperative stay was 11 +/- 8.1 days. No patient required any further intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Videoscopic debridement of empyema produces excellent results, with minimal patient morbidity and a short hospital stay. We recommend it as the preferred method for first-line management of fibropurulent (stage II) empyema.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University College Hospital, Galway, Ireland.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Cunniffe
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Maguire
authors.forename: O J
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: McAnena
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Gilmartin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003646:Debridement / Q000379:methods*; D016724:Empyema, Pleural / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020775:Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted; D016896:Treatment Outcome