title: Mesenchyme with fgf-10 expression is responsible for regenerative capacity in Xenopus limb buds.
abstract: A young tadpole of an anuran amphibian can completely regenerate an amputated limb, and it exhibits an ontogenetic decline in the ability to regenerate its limbs. However, whether mesenchymal or epidermal tissue is responsible for this decrease of the capacity remains unclear. Moreover, little is known about the molecular interactions between these two tissues during regeneration. The results of this study showed that fgf-10 expression in the limb mesenchymal cells clearly corresponds to the regenerative capacity and that fgf-10 and fgf-8 are synergistically reexpressed in regenerating blastemas. However, neither fgf-10 nor fgf-8 is reexpressed after amputation of a nonregenerative limb. Nevertheless, nonregenerative epidermal tissue can reexpress fgf-8 under the influence of regenerative mesenchyme, as was demonstrated by experiments using a recombinant limb composed of regenerative limb mesenchyme and nonregenerative limb epidermis. Taken together, our data demonstrate that the regenerative capacity depends on mesenchymal tissue and suggest that fgf-10 is likely to be involved in this capacity.
authors.affiliation: Biological Institute, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yonei-Tamura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Izpisúa Belmonte
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ide
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002678:Chimera / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D004817:Epidermis / Q000502:physiology; D005121:Extremities / Q000502:physiology; D051526:Fibroblast Growth Factor 10; D051524:Fibroblast Growth Factor 8; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D007814:Larva / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000502:physiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012038:Regeneration / Q000235:genetics*; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014981:Xenopus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D029867:Xenopus Proteins
chemical_list: C496463:FGF10 protein, human; D051526:Fibroblast Growth Factor 10; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; C496466:fgf10 protein, Xenopus; D051524:Fibroblast Growth Factor 8; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors