title: Anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in two clinics in Ecuador.
abstract: METHODS
  Two private hospitals, one in the capital city and one in the eastern rainforest of Ecuador.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To document the prevalence of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in Ecuador in patients who had not received prior treatment and in those who had.
  
  
  METHODS
  Drug resistance was determined using the proportion method with solid medium on the first isolate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from all patients who attended the two hospitals between 1989 and 1996. Documentation of prior treatment was obtained by patient interview.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Resistance was identified in 39 of 161 patients (24%) who had had no prior treatment. Resistance was 14.2% to isoniazid, 11.8% to rifampin and 8.7% to both (multidrug-resistant tuberculosis). Among 60 patients who had received prior treatment, 18 (30%) were resistant to isoniazid, and 14 (23.3%) to rifampin, while multidrug resistance was seen in 10 (16.7%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In these populations the prevalence of resistance both in patients with no prior treatment and in patients with prior treatment was ominously high. The initial treatment regimens and patient management in Ecuador should be re-evaluated in an effort to prevent further increases in drug resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Hospital Vozandes del Oriente, Shell, Province of Pastaza, Ecuador.
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Mertz
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Douce
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Brito
mesh_terms: D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003906:Developing Countries; D004484:Ecuador / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015995:Prevalence; D012424:Rural Population; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents