title: Relative influence of insulin resistance versus blood pressure on vascular changes in longstanding hypertension. ICARUS, a LIFE sub study. Insulin Carotids US Scandinavia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Insulin resistance is associated with hypertension. The relative influences of hyperinsulinaemia and high blood pressure on vascular hypertrophy and carotid distensibility is unclear in patients with longstanding hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 88 unmedicated patients with stage II-III hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy on electrocardiogram we measured blood pressure, minimal forearm vascular resistance (MFVR) using plethysmography, intima-media thickness (IMT) and the wall distensibility of the common carotid arteries using ultrasound, and insulin sensitivity using a 2-h isoglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IMT was positively correlated to systolic blood pressure (r= 0.26, P < 0.05), whole body glucose uptake index (M/IG; r= 0.22, P< 0.05), age (r= 0.24, P< 0.05) and negatively correlated to body mass index (r= -0.24, P < 0.05); IMT did not correlate to fasting serum insulin (r= -0.14, NS). In men (n = 64) MFVR was positively correlated to systolic blood pressure (r = 0.30, P < 0.05), but was unrelated to M/G and serum insulin. The distensibility of the common carotid arteries was negatively correlated to systolic blood pressure (r = -0.40, P< 0.001) and in untreated patients (n = 22) positively correlated to M/IG (r = 0.47, P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High systolic blood pressure was related to vascular hypertrophy, whereas hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance were not, suggesting that longstanding high blood pressure is a far more important determinant for structural vascular changes than insulin resistance at this stage of the hypertensive disease. However, hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance were associated with low distensibility of the common carotid arteries in the subgroup of never treated hypertensive patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fossum
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hjerkinn
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wachtell
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Høieggen
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Nesbitt
authors.forename: U B
authors.initials: UB
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Gaboury
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ibsen
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kjeldsen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Julius
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000098:blood supply; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000209:etiology; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013599:Systole; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014655:Vascular Resistance; D014666:Vasomotor System / Q000503:physiopathology