title: TrkC expression predicts good clinical outcome in primitive neuroectodermal brain tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify biologic prognostic factors in childhood primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET), including medulloblastoma, that accurately define patient groups with sufficiently good prognosis to permit a reduction in treatment intensity.
  
  
  METHODS
  We determined expression levels of the neurotrophin receptor TrkC mRNA in formalin-fixed tumor samples from 87 well characterized PNET patients using in situ hybridization. Comparison of TrkC mRNA expression levels with clinical and other laboratory variables was performed using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High TrkC mRNA expression was found to be associated more with higher 5-year cumulative survival rate than was low TrkC mRNA expression (89% v 46%, respectively). When compared with established clinical prognostic factors and laboratory variables of potential prognostic significance, TrkC mRNA expression, by univariate analysis, was found to be the single most powerful predictor of outcome (hazards ratio, 4.81; P <.00005), exceeding all clinical prognostic factors. In multivariate analysis, the hazards ratio remained significant (P <.00005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High TrkC mRNA expression in PNET is a powerful independent predictor of favorable clinical outcome. Assessment of TrkC mRNA levels may aid in treatment planning for patients with PNETs and should be incorporated prospectively into PNET clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Division of Oncology, Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Grotzer
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Janss
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fung
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Biegel
authors.forename: L N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Sutton
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Rorke
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cnaan
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J Q
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Trojanowski
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000032:analysis; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002872:Chromosome Deletion; D002886:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D018242:Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality; D011379:Prognosis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020812:Receptor, trkC / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012737:Sex Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D020812:Receptor, trkC