title: Perceived submaximal force production in young adult males and females.
abstract: Clinical treatment in physical rehabilitation routinely uses perceived relative forces.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study used psychophysical methods to quantify subjects' errors during submaximal muscular force production.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of young adult (aged 23 +/- 3 yr) females (N = 60, 62 +/- 14 kg) and males (N = 50, 72 +/- 13 kg) performed a chest press on a hydraulic dynamometer with which they were unfamiliar. In four consecutive presses with a 2-min rest interval between each press, the subjects were asked to produce a force in the order of 25%, 50%, 75% of their maximal force, and a final maximal press. Pilot data (N = 10) indicated good reliability (r(xx) > 0.80) for the protocol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rs between perceived force production and the desired production were 0.76 (P < 0.001) for males and 0.75 (P < 0.001) for females. The exponent for the power function between the perceived and desired forces was 1.12 for males and 1.03 for females. The total error ranged from 2.82 kg x m (males) to 1.22 kg x m (females). The rs and the logarithmic matching of perceived and desired force indicated a linear relationship that is consistent with Borg's range model, which has proposed that perceptual intensities of force for different people are approximately set equal at a subjective maximum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many young healthy subjects can produce relative muscular forces with good accuracy. However, some subjects will provide very inaccurate forces that might affect outcomes in rehabilitation or physical training.
authors.affiliation: Department of KHPR, University of North Texas, Denton 76203, USA. JACKSONA@COEFS.COE.UNT.EDU
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Dishman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D017079:Exercise Tolerance / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010465:Perception; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012737:Sex Factors; D014891:Weight Lifting