title: Ovarian cancer in female-to-male transsexuals: report of two cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ovarium cancer is the fifth most common cause of cancer-related death in women and is the most common fatal gynecologic malignancy. So far, ovarium carcinoma has not been reported to have occurred in female-to-male transsexuals.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We report on two such cases. Long-term exposure to increased levels of endogenous and exogenous androgens is hypothesized to constitute an additional risk factor in transsexuals as it has been associated with ovarian epithelian cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Simultaneous salpingo-oophorectomy should be performed in any female-to-male transsexual undergoing hysterectomy in the course of gender-confirming therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Academisch Ziekenhuis Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. J.JorisHage@inter.nl.net
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Hage
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Dekker
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Karim
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Verheijen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bloemena
mesh_terms: D000728:Androgens / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017588:Hyperandrogenism; D007044:Hysterectomy; D008297:Male; D009376:Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms; D010052:Ovariectomy; D012307:Risk Factors; D014189:Transsexualism
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens