title: Isokinetic performance and shoulder mobility in elite volleyball athletes from the United Kingdom.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the differences in strength and mobility of shoulder rotator muscles in the dominant and non-dominant shoulders of elite volleyball players.
  
  
  METHODS
  Isokinetic muscle strength tests were performed at speeds of 60 and 120 degrees/s, and shoulder mobility was examined in ten players from the England national men's volleyball squad. The subjects also completed a questionnaire that included a visual prompt and analogue pain scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The range of motion of internal rotation on the dominant side was less than that on the non-dominant side (p < 0.01). The average peak strength at 60 degrees/s external eccentric contraction was lower than that of internal concentric contraction in the dominant arm, but was higher in the non-dominant arm. Six of the ten subjects reported a shoulder problem, described as a diffuse pain located laterally on the dominant shoulder.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These elite volleyball players had a lower range of motion (internal rotation) and relative muscle imbalance in the dominant compared with the non-dominant shoulder.
authors.affiliation: Sheffield Institute of Sports Medicine and Exercise Science, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Macfarlane
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cochrane
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005080:Exercise Test; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D011336:Probability; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D013177:Sports / Q000502:physiology*; D013718:Tensile Strength / Q000502:physiology; D006113:United Kingdom