title: Natural history of residual renal stone fragments after ESWL.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  After extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), residual fragments (RF) 4 mm or less are usually considered as clinically insignificant. We retrospectively reviewed the natural history and clinical significance of 97 noninfected and isolated RF (4 mm or less) observed 3 months after the last ESWL session on renal tomography.
  
  
  METHODS
  They represented 83 among 1, 216 patients treated by ESWL over a 9-year period (1989-1997). These RF were mostly localized in the inferior calyx (62%). Median follow-up was 40.6 months (range: 7-96 months). Renal tomography was always performed at the end of follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stone-free status, or a decreased, stable or increased amount of residual stone occurred in 27 (33%), 1 (1%), 24 (29%) and 31 (37%) of the 83 patients, respectively. During this study, 18 patients (22%) were proposed for a complementary treatment related to a size increase of the residual fragments (13 ESWL, 1 retrograde endoscopy, 3 percutaneous nephrolithotomy, and 1 polar inferior nephrectomy).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The term clinically insignificant should not be employed to describe RF after ESWL. Efforts should be performed to obtain true stone-free status after ESWL.
authors.affiliation: Urology, University Hospital, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Candau
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Saussine
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Faure
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jacqmin
mesh_terms: D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000628:therapy*; D008096:Lithotripsy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017211:Treatment Failure