title: Zic2 regulates the kinetics of neurulation.
abstract: Mutation in human ZIC2, a zinc finger protein homologous to Drosophila odd-paired, causes holoprosencephaly (HPE), which is a common, severe malformation of the brain in humans. However, the pathogenesis is largely unknown. Here we show that reduced expression (knockdown) of mouse Zic2 causes neurulation delay, resulting in HPE and spina bifida. Differentiation of the most dorsal neural plate, which gives rise to both roof plate and neural crest cells, also was delayed as indicated by the expression lag of a roof plate marker, Wnt3a. In addition the development of neural crest derivatives such as dorsal root ganglion was impaired. These results suggest that the Zic2 expression level is crucial for the timing of neurulation. Because the Zic2 knockdown mouse is the first mutant with HPE and spina bifida to survive to the perinatal period, the mouse will promote analyses of not only the neurulation but also the pathogenesis of human HPE.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Tsukuba Life Science Center, RIKEN, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aruga
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Minowa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mikoshiba
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000196:embryology / Q000473:pathology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000196:embryology* / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018390:Gene Targeting; D016142:Holoprosencephaly / Q000196:embryology; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009154:Mutation; D009436:Neural Tube Defects / Q000235:genetics; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D016135:Spinal Dysraphism / Q000196:embryology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D060508:Wnt3 Protein; D060509:Wnt3A Protein; D016335:Zinc Fingers
chemical_list: D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C555510:WNT3A protein, human; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D060508:Wnt3 Protein; D060509:Wnt3A Protein; C555511:Wnt3a protein, mouse; C491812:ZIC2 protein, human; C491811:Zic2 protein, mouse