title: Laryngeal airway resistance in cleft palate children with complete and incomplete velopharyngeal closure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the effect of velopharyngeal insufficiency on aerodynamic measures of laryngeal function in children with cleft palate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance. The independent variable was velopharyngeal closure, and the dependent variables were laryngeal resistance, laryngeal airflow, and transglottal pressure. Age and gender were covariates.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data were collected at The Craniofacial Center, University of Illinois, a tertiary health care center located in Chicago.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six children with cleft palate were recruited from among the patients at The Craniofacial Center. Ten children with velopharyngeal areas >5 mm2 during oral speech were placed in the incomplete closure group, while 26 children with areas <1 mm2 were placed in the complete closure group.
  
  
  METHODS
  The three dependent variables (transglottal pressure, transglottal airflow, and laryngeal resistance) were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Laryngeal resistance and transglottal pressure were significantly higher, and transglottal airflow was significantly lower in the group with complete closure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In summary, cleft palate patients with complete velopharyngeal closure exhibited higher laryngeal resistances than those with incomplete closure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA.
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Guyette
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000403:Airway Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002648:Child; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007830:Larynx / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009666:Nose / Q000502:physiology; D010614:Pharynx / Q000502:physiology; D011312:Pressure; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D014681:Velopharyngeal Insufficiency / Q000503:physiopathology*