title: Paroxetine in human breast milk and nursing infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of infant medication exposure through breast-feeding during maternal treatment with paroxetine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Breast milk and paired maternal and infant sera were collected after 10 days of maternal treatment with paroxetine at a stable daily dose (10-50 mg/day). All samples were analyzed by means of high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection and a limit of detection of 2 ng/ml.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Breast milk paroxetine concentrations were highly variable (2-101 ng/ml) and were present in all breast milk samples (N=108). A significant gradient effect was observed, with greater paroxetine concentrations found in later portions of breast milk (hind milk) than in early portions (fore milk). No clear time course of paroxetine excretion into breast milk was demonstrated, although maternal paroxetine daily dose reliably predicted both trough and peak breast milk concentrations over a 24-hour period. In 16 mother and infant serum pairs, no detectable concentrations of paroxetine were found in the serum of the nursing infants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study extends previous data by demonstrating the presence of paroxetine in the breast milk of nursing women treated with this medication. The low concentrations of paroxetine in infant serum and lack of any observable adverse effects after maternal use of this medication while breast-feeding parallels the available data on other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
authors.forename: Z N
authors.initials: ZN
authors.lastname: Stowe
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hostetter
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Ritchie
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Owens
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Nemeroff
mesh_terms: D001942:Breast Feeding; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn / Q000097:blood*; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D017374:Paroxetine / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011644:Puerperal Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017374:Paroxetine