title: Multiple antioxidants in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative disease: analysis of biologic rationale.
abstract: Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease are major progressive neurologic disorders, the risk of which increases with advancing age (65 years and over). In familial cases, however, early onset of disease (35-65 years) is observed. In spite of extensive basic and chemical research on Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, no preventive or long-term effective treatment strategies are available. The analysis of existing literature suggests that oxidative stress is a major intermediary risk factor for the action of diverse groups of neurotoxins that are involved in these neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, it is proposed that the epigenetic components (mitochondria, other organelles, membranes, protein modification) rather than nuclear genes of neurons are the primary targets for the action of neurotoxins, including free radicals. In addition, a scientific rationale for using multiple antioxidants in clinical trials for the prevention of Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease among high-risk populations, and as an adjunct to standard therapy in the treatment of these diseases is presented.
authors.affiliation: Center for Vitamins and Cancer Research, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262, USA. Kedar.Prasad@UCHSC.edu
authors.forename: K N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Hovland
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nahreini
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Edwards-Prasad
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Andreatta
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants