title: Schwann cell grafting into the retina of the dystrophic RCS rat limits functional deterioration. Royal College of Surgeons.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether congenic Schwann cells grafted into the subretinal space of dystrophic Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats can prevent photoreceptor loss and maintain visual function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Purified neonatal Schwann cells derived from congenic rats were grafted into the subretinal space of 3- to 4-week-old dystrophic RCS rats. Graft placement was confirmed using Schwann cells labeled in vitro with the fluorescent dye Hoechst 33342 or in grafted eyes processed for electron microscopy (48-hour to 1-month survival). At longer intervals, up to 9 months after surgery, animals were examined for photoreceptor survival; preservation of a visual reflex, head-tracking to moving stripes; and preservation of visual receptive fields associated with the region of graft placement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One week after the graft was performed, Schwann cells had integrated into the subretinal space with little evidence of a reactive response. When screened for head-tracking to moving stripes, Schwann cell-grafted animals performed better than sham-treated or control dystrophic animals. Threshold sensitivity measurements and visual field assessment made by recording from the superior colliculus also showed a significant level of preserved function compared with control animals. Functional rescue was correlated with photoreceptor survival and could be observed for at least 9 months after grafting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Schwann cells injected into the subretinal space limit functional deterioration and prolong photoreceptor survival. It is suggested that they act by local release of growth factors that either support photoreceptors directly and/or stimulate phagocytosis in RPE cells.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, UK. jean.lawrence@ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sauvé
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Keegan
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Coffey
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hetherington
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Girman
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Whiteley
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Kwan
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pheby
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Lund
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D017690:Cell Transplantation; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D020419:Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D011922:Rats, Mutant Strains; D012160:Retina / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012162:Retinal Degeneration / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000601:surgery*; D012583:Schwann Cells / Q000637:transplantation*; D012584:Sciatic Nerve / Q000166:cytology; D013477:Superior Colliculi / Q000502:physiology; D014785:Vision, Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001562:Benzimidazoles; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; C017807:bisbenzimide ethoxide trihydrochloride