title: Fathers and child neglect.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association between father involvement and child neglect.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were recruited from an inner-city pediatric primary care clinic and a clinic for children at risk for human immunodeficiency virus infection in a teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mothers and fathers or father figures, and 244 five-year olds participating in a longitudinal study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Child neglect measured via home observation, a videotaped mother-child interaction, and child protective services reports.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A father or father figure was identified for 72% of the children. Rates of neglect ranged between 11% and 30%. Father absence alone was not associated with neglect. However, in families with an identified and interviewed father, a longer duration of involvement (P<.01), a greater sense of parenting efficacy (P<.01), more involvement with household tasks (P<.05), and less involvement with child care (P<.05) were associated with less neglect. The overall model explained 26.5% of the variance in neglect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is substantial involvement of fathers in a subset of this high-risk sample, although more than a quarter of the children lacked a father or father figure. The mere presence of a father did not significantly influence the neglect of the children; rather, the nature of his involvement did. Fathers who felt more effective as parents were less likely to have neglected their children. A greater sense of efficacy may reflect parenting skills and be important in enhancing the contribution of fathers to their children's well-being. Pediatric health care providers can play a valuable role in enhancing the involvement and skills of fathers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21291, USA. hdubowit@umaryland.edu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dubowitz
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kerr
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Starr
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Harrington
mesh_terms: D002649:Child Abuse; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005219:Father-Child Relations; D005220:Fathers; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009035:Mothers; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors