title: Arsenic trioxide-induced apoptosis and differentiation are associated respectively with mitochondrial transmembrane potential collapse and retinoic acid signaling pathways in acute promyelocytic leukemia.
abstract: Recent studies showed that arsenic trioxide (As2O3) could induce apoptosis and partial differentiation of leukemic promyelocytes. Here, we addressed the possible mechanisms underlying these two different effects. 1.0 microM As2O3-induced apoptosis was associated with condensation of the mitochondrial matrix, disruption of mitochondrial transmembrane potentials (DeltaPsim) and activation of caspase-3 in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells regardless of their sensitivity to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). All these effects were inhibited by dithiothreitol (DTT) and enhanced by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO). Furthermore, BSO could also render HL60 and U937 cells, which had the higher cellular catalase activity, sensitive to As2O3-induced apoptosis. Surprisingly, 1.0 microM As2O3 did not induce the DeltaPsim collapse and apoptosis, while 0.1 microM As2O3 induced partial differentiation of fresh BM cells from a de novo APL patient. In this study, we also showed that 0.2 mM DTT did not block low-dose As2O3-induced NB4 cell differentiation, and 0. 10.5 microM As2O3 did not induce differentiation of ATRA-resistant NB4-derived sublines, which were confirmed by cytomorphology, expression of CD11b, CD33 and CD14 as well as NBT reduction. Another interesting finding was that 0.10.5 microM As2O3 could also induce differentiation-related changes in ATRA-sensitive HL60 cells. However, the differentiation-inducing effect could not be seen in ATRA-resistant HL60 sublines with RARalpha mutation. Moreover, low-dose As2O3 and ATRA yielded similar gene expression profiles in APL cells. These results encouraged us to hypothesize that As2O3 induces APL cell differentiation through direct or indirect activation of retinoic acid receptor-related signaling pathway(s), while DeltaPsim collapse is the common mechanism of As2O3-induced apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University, 197 Rui-Jin Road II, Shanghai, 200025, PR China.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Y L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Z Y
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: G Q
authors.initials: GQ
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D000077237:Arsenic Trioxide; D001152:Arsenicals / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; D004792:Enzyme Precursors / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D015473:Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000235:genetics; D000072482:Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000378:metabolism*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001152:Arsenicals; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D004792:Enzyme Precursors; D010087:Oxides; C000607071:RARA protein, human; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D000072482:Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha; D014212:Tretinoin; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases; D000077237:Arsenic Trioxide