title: [The determination of arterial pressure by the physician or the nurse: its relation to ambulatory pressure and left ventricular mass. The MAPA-Madrid Group. Monitorización Ambulatoria de la Presión Arterial (Ambulatory Monitoring of Arterial Pressure)].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the present study we evaluated the influence of the observer's status--physician or nurse--on blood pressure levels and the relationship among clinic blood pressure measurement with ambulatory blood pressure and left ventricle mass.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross sectional study performed in seven primary care centers. Participating physicians and nurses were trained for blood pressure measurement prior to the study and subsequently retrained at 3 month intervals during the study. Patients included in the study were 122 subjects with mild to moderate hypertension who underwent the following study protocol: a) measurement of clinic blood pressure by physician and nurse, in an independent fashion, on 3 visits; b) clinic-epidemiologic questionnaire; c) conventional hematological and biochemical study; d) electrocardiogram; e) 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, f) M-mode and Doppler echocardiography (only in 58 subjects).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nurse-measured blood pressure levels were higher than those determined by physicians (mean differences: 3.9 [6.7] mmHg in systolic blood pressure and 2.6 [5.4] mmHg in diastolic blood pressure). The blood pressure level differences between the two observers were higher in female patients and subjects with low educational level, independently of the observer's gender. Nurse-measured blood pressure was more closely related to ambulatory blood pressure and left ventricle mass than physician-measured blood pressure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nurse-measured blood pressure levels are lower than those determined by physicians and more closely related to ambulatory blood pressure and left ventricle mass than physician-measured blood pressure. These data support that nurses, instead of doctors, should routinely measure blood pressure in primary care centers.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación del Area 5 de Madrid, Hospital La Paz. anmar@nacom.es
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aguirre
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nevado
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Laguna
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Torre
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Manuel
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Villar
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: García-Puig
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination / Q000379:methods* / Q000451:nursing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000379:methods* / Q000451:nursing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009929:Organ Size; D010820:Physicians; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013030:Spain