title: Novel cell proliferation marker for identification of a growth center in the developing human cricoid.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Developmental histomorphology of the human cricoid cartilage has never been well described. Regional growth centers in the cricoid have been hypothesized, but have never been demonstrated in histological sections.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To apply Mib-1 immunostaining, a monoclonal antibody directed at a nuclear proliferation marker, in human cricoids to identify a growth center and to study the changing histomorphology of the developing cricoid.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemical Mib-1 studies were performed on postmortem cricoid sections of 2 fetuses (gestational age, 18.5 and 33 weeks), 1 newborn (full term, 41 weeks), and 3 children (aged 1, 4, and 13 years, respectively). Cell counts, surface areas, and organizational patterns of the chondrocytes were studied and described in hemotoxylin-eosin-stained sections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Differential Mib-1 staining was found. The 18.5-week fetus showed diffuse cell proliferation throughout the cricoid. The cricoid sections of the 33-week fetus and 1-year-old child revealed a distinct ring of proliferation in the outer third of the cricoid ring. The 4- and 13-year-old exhibited no cell proliferation. Histomorphologically, with increasing age came chondrocyte hypertrophy, decreasing cell count per standard square, and increasing organization from a scattered to radial columnar pattern.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Growth of the cricoid involves a diffuse pattern of cell proliferation throughout the cricoid in fetal tissue. At term and until age 1 year, the region of proliferation is more restricted to the outer subperichondrial surface. By age 4 years, cell proliferation has stopped. Histomorphologic changes in the developing cricoid include decreasing cell counts per standard unit area, but increasing surface area with age. The aging chondrocytes develop an increasingly organized layout to form a radially arranged columnar pattern similar to that in the growth plate of the developing limb bud.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston 02114-3096, USA.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Mankarious
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002452:Cell Count; D002455:Cell Division; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology; D003413:Cricoid Cartilage / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development*; D005333:Fetus / Q000166:cytology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015415:Biomarkers; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen