title: Treatment outcome of patients with smear-negative and smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis in the National Tuberculosis Control Programme, Malawi.
abstract: National tuberculosis control programmes (NTPs) in sub-Saharan Africa do not routinely record or report treatment outcome data on smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients. Twelve-month treatment outcome on patients with smear-negative PTB registered in all district and mission hospitals in Malawi during the year 1995 was collected, and was compared with 8-month treatment outcome in smear-positive PTB patients registered during the same period. Of 4240 patients with smear-negative PTB, 35% completed treatment, 25% died, 9% defaulted and 7% were transferred to another district with no treatment outcome results available. In 24% of patients treatment cards were lost and treatment outcome was unknown. These results were significantly inferior to those obtained in 4003 patients with smear-positive PTB in whom 72% completed treatment, 20% died, 4% defaulted, 2% were transferred and 1% had positive smears at the end of treatment. These differences between patients with smear-negative and smear-positive PTB were similar when analysed by sex and by most age-groups. Higher mortality rates in patients with smear-negative PTB are probably attributable to advanced HIV-related immunosuppression, and higher default and treatment unknown rates probably reflect the lack of attention paid by TB programme staff to this group of patients. As a result of this country-wide study the Malawi NTP has started to record routinely the treatment outcomes of smear-negative TB patients and has set treatment completion targets of 50% or higher for this group of patients.
authors.affiliation: National Tuberculosis Control Programme, Community Health Science Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi. epicentre@imul.com
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Harries
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Nyirenda
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Boeree
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Salaniponi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008295:Malawi / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents