title: Titanium containing amorphous hydrogenated carbon films (a-C: H/Ti): surface analysis and evaluation of cellular reactions using bone marrow cell cultures in vitro.
abstract: Amorphous hydrogenated carbon (a-C : H) coatings, also called diamond-like carbon (DLC), have many properties required for a protective coating material in biomedical applications. The purpose of this study is to evaluate a new surface coating for bone-related implants by combining the hardness and inertness of a-C : H films with the biological acceptance of titanium. For this purpose, different amounts of titanium were incorporated into a-C : H films by a combined radio frequency (rf) and magnetron sputtering set-up. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of air-exposed a-C : H/titanium (a-C : H/Ti) films revealed that the films were composed of TiO2 and TiC embedded in and connected to an a-C : H matrix. Cell culture tests using primary adult rat bone marrow cell cultures (BMC) were performed to determine effects on cell number and on osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation. By adding titanium to the carbon matrix, cellular reactions such as increased proliferation and reduced osteoclast-like cell activity could be obtained, while these reactions were not seen on pure a-C : H films and on glass control samples. In summary, a-C : H/Ti could be a valuable coating for bone implants, by supporting bone cell proliferation while reducing osteoclast-like cell activation.
authors.affiliation: Chair of Biocompatible Materials Sciences and Engineering, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schroeder
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Francz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bruinink
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hauert
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wintermantel
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D008297:Male; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology*; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000166:cytology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002244:Carbon; D014025:Titanium