title: Chemical and microbiological characteristics of ewes' milk cheese manufactured with extracts from flowers of Cynara cardunculus and Cynara humilis as coagulants.
abstract: The chemical and microbial characteristics as well as the flavor and aroma of Los Pedroches cheese made using aqueous extracts of Cynara cardunculus L. flowers were compared with those of cheeses manufactured with extracts of Cynara humilis L. throughout ripening. The two thistle species assayed were found to have no appreciable effect on the moisture, fat, protein, and NaCl contents of the cheese or on its water activity, flavor, and aroma; however, the use of C. humilis resulted in reduced lactic acid content (p < 0.001) and higher pH values (p < 0.05) relative to those of cheese specimens produced with C. cardunculus. The protein breakdown of the cheeses was assessed in terms of soluble nitrogen (SN), nonprotein nitrogen (NPN), and amino acid nitrogen (AAN). Proteolysis was more marked and rapid in cheese containing C. cardunculus as coagulant, the SN and NPN contents of which were significantly higher (p < 0. 01) than those of the cheese obtained with the species C. humilis; AAN contents were similar in both species of Cynara throughout ripening. Although total viable, coliform, and lactobacilli counts were similar in cheeses produced with both types of plant coagulant throughout ripening, enterobacteria and yeasts counts (p < 0.01) and molds counts (p < 0.05) were higher in cheese produced with C. humilis than in cheese obtained with C. cardunculus.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio C-1, E-14014 Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vioque
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gómez
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mata
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tejada
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fernández-Salguero
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019659:Asteraceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D002611:Cheese / Q000032:analysis*; D003029:Coagulants / Q000737:chemistry*; D010450:Endopeptidases / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005504:Food Analysis; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D012756:Sheep
chemical_list: D003029:Coagulants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010450:Endopeptidases