title: Expression of steroidogenic factor 1 in the testis requires an E box and CCAAT box in its promoter proximal region.
abstract: Steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1), also known as adrenal 4-binding protein, is a member of the nuclear hormone receptor family that regulates transcription of genes encoding hormones and steroidogenic enzymes important to the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. The mammalian Ftz-F1 gene encodes SF-1 and is required for development of adrenal glands and gonads. To better understand the mechanisms regulating this gene in the gonads, we have examined its expression in the testis and characterized the promoter region for SF-1 in two testicular cell types. SF-1 promoter activity was examined in primary cultures of Sertoli cells and cell lines representative of Sertoli and Leydig cells. Deletion mutagenesis of the promoter identified several regions: both 5' and 3' to the transcriptional start sites that are important for transcriptional activity. Two elements, an E box and a CCAAT box, were found to be important for SF-1 transcription in the testis. An oligodeoxynucleotide containing both of these elements bound three specific protein complexes. The binding of one complex required only sequences within the E box and cross-reacted with antibodies against the basic helix-loop-helix ZIP proteins USF1 and USF2. A second specific complex required sequences within both the E box and CCAAT box for efficient binding, while a third complex predominantly interacted with sequences within the CCAAT motif. The presence of multiple protein complexes binding these sites suggests that regulation through these elements may involve interactions with different factors that depend on the state of the cell and its environment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Daggett
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Heckert
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D003429:Cross Reactions; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051717:Fushi Tarazu Transcription Factors; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D007985:Leydig Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D020218:Response Elements / Q000235:genetics; D012708:Sertoli Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D054339:Steroidogenic Factor 1; D013737:Testis / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D051720:Upstream Stimulatory Factors; D016335:Zinc Fingers / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051717:Fushi Tarazu Transcription Factors; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D054339:Steroidogenic Factor 1; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051720:Upstream Stimulatory Factors; C497183:Usf1 protein, mouse; C497182:Usf1 protein, rat; C497186:Usf2 protein, mouse; C497187:Usf2 protein, rat; C515058:steroidogenic factor 1, mouse; C515060:steroidogenic factor 1, rat