title: The xeroderma pigmentosum group C gene leads to selective repair of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers rather than 6-4 photoproducts.
abstract: We investigated the contribution of the xeroderma pigmentosum group C (XPC) gene to DNA repair. We stably transfected XPC cells (XP4PA-SV-EB) with XPC cDNA and selected a partially corrected (XP4PA-SE1) and a fully corrected (XP4PA-SE2) clone. Cell survival after UVC (254 nm) exposure was low for XP4PA-SV-EB, intermediate for XP4PA-SE1, and normal for XP4PA-SE2 cells. XP4PA-SV-EB cells had undetectable XPC mRNA and protein levels. XP4PA-SE1 cells had 130% of normal mRNA but 25% of normal protein levels, whereas XP4PA-SE2 cells had an 18-fold mRNA overexpression and normal XPC protein levels compared with normal cells. We measured cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) and 6-4 photoproducts (6-4PP) by using specific mAbs and the ELISA technique. XP4PA-SV-EB cells had no detectable removal of CPD or 6-4PP from their global genome by 24 h after 30 J/m(2) UVC exposure. The partially corrected XP4PA-SE1 cells had normal repair of CPD but minimal repair of 6-4PP by 24 h, whereas the fully corrected XP4PA-SE2 cells regained normal CPD and 6-4PP repair capacities. We also exposed pRSVcat plasmid to UVC (to induce CPD and 6-4PP), to UVC + photolyase (to leave only 6-4PP on the plasmid), or to UVB + acetophenone (to induce only CPD). Host cell reactivation of UVB + acetophenone-, but not of UVC + photolyase-treated plasmids was normal in XP4PA-SE1 cells. Thus, increasing XPC gene expression leads to selective repair of CPD in the global genome. Undetectable XPC protein is associated with no repair of CPD or 6-4PP, detectable but subnormal XPC protein levels reconstitute CPD but not 6-4PP repair, and normal XPC protein levels fully reconstitute both CPD and 6-4PP repair.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Emmert
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kraemer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000528:radiation effects; D004260:DNA Repair; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D011740:Pyrimidine Dimers / Q000235:genetics*; D014983:Xeroderma Pigmentosum / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D011740:Pyrimidine Dimers; C058406:pyrimidine-pyrimidone dimer; C086984:XPC protein, human