title: Hyaluronan in peritumoral stroma and malignant cells associates with breast cancer spreading and predicts survival.
abstract: Hyaluronan (HA) is an extracellular matrix polysaccharide that promotes cell migration through its cell surface receptors and by effecting changes in the physical environment. HA expression is frequently increased in malignant tumors, whereas its association with the invasive potential and patient outcome in breast cancer has not been reported. The localization and signal intensity of HA was analyzed in 143 paraffin-embedded tumor samples of human breast carcinoma using a biotinylated HA-specific probe. In the immediate peritumoral stroma, HA signal was moderately or strongly increased in 39% and 56% of the cases, respectively. Normal ductal epithelium showed no HA, whereas in 57% of the tumors at least some of the carcinoma cells were HA positive. The intensity of the stromal HA signal and the presence of cell-associated HA were both significantly related to poor differentiation of the tumors, axillary lymph node positivity, and short overall survival of the patients. In Cox's multivariate analysis, both the intensity of stromal HA signal alone and that combined with the HA positivity in tumor cells were independent prognostic factors for overall survival. These results suggest that HA is directly involved in the spreading of breast cancer and may offer a potential target for new therapies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Kuopio University Hospital, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland. paivi@auvinen@kuh.fi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Auvinen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tammi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Parkkinen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tammi
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Agren
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hirvikoski
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eskelinen
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Kosma
mesh_terms: D001365:Axilla; D001710:Biotin; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011379:Prognosis; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D001710:Biotin; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid