title: Neutrophil functions and cytokine production in patients with gastric cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  One of the most important factors in the prevention of postoperative infection is the patient's own capacity to protect against infection. Neutrophils play a major role in this protection through phagocytosis and superoxide generation. Inflammatory cytokines are suitable for estimating the degree of surgical stress. The present study was designed to elucidate whether neutrophil functions are impaired in gastric cancer patients, and are related with cytokine production after surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Phagocytosis and superoxide generation by neutrophils was studied in 84 patients with gastric cancer by flow cytometry. IL-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor alpha were studied in 18 patients with gastric cancer by enzyme-linked immunosolubent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In gastric cancer patients phagocytosis was not impaired, whereas superoxide generation was lower than benign diseases and it was inhibited relative to the clinical stage. Moreover, superoxide generation was correlated with the nutritional parameters and was more suppressed in 7 patients who suffered from postoperative infection than in 40 patients whose postoperative course were uneventful. The fluctuation of superoxide generation correlated well with the serum cytokine levels in the postoperative course and its correlation was clarified in vitro. Nine patients with gastric cancer received intravenous hyperalimentation, and their superoxide generation was increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Superoxide generation by neutrophils was suppressed in gastric cancer patients and it is suggested that nutritional support prevents postoperative infection via the augmentation of superoxide generation.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical School, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arii
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanimura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwahashi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsunoda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tani
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mizobata
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hotta
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamori
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamaue
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D018529:Nutritional Support; D010587:Phagocytosis; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery; D013481:Superoxides / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D013481:Superoxides