title: Effects of inhaled nitric oxide and surfactant treatment on lung function and pulmonary hemodynamics in bronchoalveolar-lavage-induced respiratory failure.
abstract: Our aim was to study whether inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) moderates respiratory failure induced by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) without severe pulmonary hypertension. The following successive treatments, interrupted by 20-30-min rest periods, were given to piglets: iNO (20 ppm for 20 min), exogenous surfactant, iNO, Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), and iNO. The controls inhaled NO first after L-NAME. Lung mechanics and hemodynamics were measured serially. The pulmonary to systemic arterial pressure ratio decreased during iNO and tended to increase after its discontinuation. In contrast, the iNO-induced decreases in severity of respiratory failure were not reversible during the rest periods. In a second experiment, iNO/placebo and surfactant containing (3)H-labeled dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine were given to rabbits. The surfactant aggregates and the surface activity from postmortem BAL, and extravascular lung water, were studied. Inhaled NO improved the surface activity and increased the large surfactant aggregates. There was no detectable decrease in extravascular lung water. The results suggest that a low dose of iNO has a beneficial effect on the gas exchange that is in part unrelated to its effect on the pulmonary vasculature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sison
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bry
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sephus
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hallman
mesh_terms: D015060:1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D018893:Bronchoalveolar Lavage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015633:Extravascular Lung Water / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects*; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D010919:Placebos; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange / Q000187:drug effects; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011817:Rabbits; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000187:drug effects; D013552:Swine; D014316:Tritium; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010919:Placebos; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D014316:Tritium; D015060:1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester