Cellular routes of invasion by enteropathogens.
The cellular pathways of infection utilized by pathogenic enteric bacteria have important implications for their clinical manifestations. Yersinia reaches Peyer's patches via M cells and uses plasmid-encoded factors to resist phagocytic cells. Shigella also translocates via M cells and incapacitates phagocytes, but subsequently re-enters the epithelium basolaterally to elicit an acute inflammatory response. Salmonella has recently been shown to both colonize Peyer's patches via M cells and independently disseminate to extraintestinal sites via CD18-expressing phagocytes. M cell-mediated entry can lead to gastroenteritis and mucosal antibody production, while systemic dissemination can result in septicemia and elicitation of systemic immune responses.
Vazquez-Torres
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Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, USA.
Fang
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D000818:Animals; D018821:CD18 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D004756:Enterobacteriaceae Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000382:microbiology*; D051379:Mice; D010581:Peyer's Patches / Q000166:cytology* / Q000382:microbiology*
D018821:CD18 Antigens