title: Effect of light-cure time on the initial shear bond strength of a glass-ionomer adhesive.
abstract: With the introduction of photosensitive (light-cured) restorative materials in dentistry, various methods were suggested to enhance the polymerization of these materials including layering and the use of more powerful light-curing devices. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of increasing the light-cure time on the initial shear bond strength (in the first half hour) of a resin-modified glass-ionomer adhesive. Eighty-six teeth were divided into 4 groups according to either; (1) the adhesive system used, namely resin, reinforced glass ionomer, or composite, and (2) the light-cure time for the glass ionomer adhesive, namely 40, 45, and 50 seconds. The bonding approach followed the manufacturer's instructions unless otherwise specified. The results of the analysis of variance comparing the 4 experimental groups (F = 19.4) indicated the presence of significant differences between the groups (P =. 0001). In general, the shear bond strength was greater for the composite adhesive system (¿x(-) = 5.2 +/- 2.9 MPa), followed by the 2 groups bonded with the resin-reinforced glass-ionomer adhesive and light cured for 50 seconds (¿x(-) = 3.8 +/- 1.1 MPa) and 45 seconds (¿x(-) = 3.4 +/- 2.7 MPa). On the other hand, the shear bond strength was significantly lower for the group bonded with the glass ionomer adhesive and light cured for 40 seconds only (¿x(-) = 0.4 +/- 1.0 MPa). The present findings indicated the following: (1) the resin-reinforced glass-ionomer adhesive has a significantly lower shear bond strength in the first half hour after bonding when compared to a composite resin adhesive; (2) the initial bond strength of the glass-ionomer adhesive was significantly increased by increasing the light-cure time for an additional 5 to 10 seconds; (3) the mean increase in the shear bond strength between 5 and 10 seconds of additional light curing was not significant but the variability was less with the longer cure time.
authors.affiliation: College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, USA.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Bishara
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: VonWald
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Laffoon
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Jakobsen
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects*; D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects*; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D017005:Dental Debonding / Q000379:methods; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008027:Light; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008963:Molar; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D011897:Random Allocation; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000538:Aluminum Silicates; C095451:Fuji Ortho LC; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D019279:Resin Cements; C065742:Transbond; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate