title: Driving in adults with refractory localization-related epilepsy. Multi-Center Study of Epilepsy Surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the frequency of driving an automobile and characteristics associated with driving in individuals with refractory localization-related epilepsy.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Driving is generally restricted and monitored in people with epilepsy. Little is known about the frequency of driving and subsequent accidents specifically in individuals with uncontrolled epilepsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  In an ongoing, prospective, multicenter study of resective epilepsy surgery, individuals were interviewed when they presented for surgical evaluation. Analyses were conducted using chi-square, t-tests, and multiple logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 367 eligible participants, 115 (31.3%) had driven in the last year, most on at least a weekly basis. In a multivariable analysis, factors associated with an increased likelihood of driving were having a current license (OR = 10.71, p < 0.001) and ever having had a license (OR = 3.86, p = 0.003). Younger individuals were also more likely to drive. Lower levels of driving were found in women (OR = 0.31, p < 0.001), individuals who were self-described as disabled (OR = 0.20, p < 0.001), and those who were employed full-time (OR = 0.43, p = 0.03) or part-time (OR = 0.15, p = 0.005). At some point in the past, 144 individuals experienced one or more seizures while driving, and 98 experienced at least one accident because of a seizure. Of those who had accidents, 94% reported property damage, 32% had an injury, and 20% caused injury to others.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite restrictions, almost one third of individuals with refractory epilepsy drive. Understanding why they do may help identify means of modifying this behavior or identifying services that, if provided, would help people with uncontrolled epilepsy forego driving.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb 60115, USA. atberg@niu.edu
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Vickrey
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Sperling
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Langfitt
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Bazil
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shinnar
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Walczak
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pacia
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Spencer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001334:Automobile Driving; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged