title: An evaluation of two methods for chronic central venous access device placement.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic venous access devices (CVADs), placed for phlebotomy and the administration of medications and nutrition, require fluoroscopy to confirm correct catheter position. Long-term central venous catheters placed using an electromagnetic catheter locating system (EMCLS) could result in decreased radiation exposure and decreased cost without compromising accuracy of position.
  
  
  METHODS
  Charts of patients who underwent placement of CVADs at University of New Mexico (UNM) Hospital or UNM Cancer Center were reviewed. Inclusion criteria included age >20 years and placement of a central CVAD utilizing fluoroscopy (group 1) or the EMCLS (group 2). Radiation exposure, complications, cost, and accuracy of placement were determined for each technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between June 1996 and June 1998, 196 patients underwent placement of CVADs. Complete data sets were available for 46 patients in each group. There were no statistically significant differences in age, gender, complications, or operating room times (P = 0.26). Fluoroscopy and EMCLS were equally accurate for the correct placement of the tip of the line (P = 0.12). Mean patient radiation exposure was EMCLS, 30 mRem, and fluoroscopy, 771 mRem. EMCLS significantly decreased cost (P = 0.025) when compared with fluoroscopic assisted catheter placement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of EMCLS for CVAD placement reduces radiation exposure and cost without compromising the accuracy of placement when compared with standard fluoroscopic-assisted placement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque 87131, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bermas
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Albrecht
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vogt
mesh_terms: D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D055590:Electromagnetic Phenomena; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011835:Radiation Protection