title: The kinetics of specific immune responses in rhesus monkeys inoculated with live recombinant BCG expressing SIV Gag, Pol, Env, and Nef proteins.
abstract: Development of an effective preventive or therapeutic vaccine against HIV-1 is an important goal in the fight against AIDS. Effective virus clearance and inhibition of spread to target organs depends principally on the cellular immune response. Therefore, a vaccine against HIV-1 should elicit virus-specific cytotoxic lymphocyte (CTL) responses to eliminate the virus during the cell-associated stages of its life cycle. The vaccine should also be capable of inducing immunity at the mucosal surfaces, the primary route of transmission. Recombinant Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) expressing viral proteins offers an excellent candidate vaccine in view of its safety and ability to persist intracellularly, resulting in the induction of long-lasting immunity and stimulation of the cellular immune response. BCG can be administered orally to induce HIV-specific immunity at the mucosal surfaces. The immunogenicity of four recombinant BCG constructs expressing simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Gag, Pol, Env, and Nef proteins was tested in rhesus macaques. A single simultaneous inoculation of all four recombinants elicited SIV-specific IgA and IgG antibody, and cellular immune responses, including CTL and helper T cell proliferation. Our results demonstrate that BCG recombinant vectors can induce concomitant humoral and cellular immune responses to the major proteins of SIV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, USA.
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aldovini
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Jarvis
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Carlos
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Torres
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D015686:Gene Products, env / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015683:Gene Products, gag / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015693:Gene Products, nef / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015684:Gene Products, pol / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D018449:SAIDS Vaccines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology*; D014611:Vaccination; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D001500:BCG Vaccine; D015686:Gene Products, env; D015683:Gene Products, gag; D015693:Gene Products, nef; D015684:Gene Products, pol; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D018449:SAIDS Vaccines; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic; D014764:Viral Proteins