title: Infectious necrotizing enteritis and mortality caused by Vibrio carchariae in summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus during intensive culture.
abstract: An epizootic causing mortality among cultured summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus occurred in summer of 1998 at a land-based facility on Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, USA. The disease, flounder infectious necrotizing enteritis (FINE), was characterized by reddening around the anal area, distended abdomens filled with opaque serosanguineous fluid, enteritis and necrosis of the posterior intestine. In extreme cases of the disease, the posterior intestine was detached from the anus and was observed coming out the vent. The intestine of individuals that recovered from the disease ended in a blind-sac; the abdomens of these fish were distended, due to food and water inside the intestinal blind-sac. A bacterium was isolated from ascites fluid and kidney of moribund flounder and identified as the causative agent in challenge experiments. The pathogen was identified as Vibrio carchariae by morphological and biochemical characteristics and sequence of the 16S rRNA. The LD50 estimate was 5 x 10(5) colony-forming units injected intraperitoneally into 100 to 200 g summer flounder.
authors.affiliation: University of Rhode Island, Graduate School of Oceanography 02882-1197, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Soffientino
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gwaltney
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Specker
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mauel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gómez-Chiarri
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000473:pathology; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture; D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000662:veterinary; D004751:Enteritis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D005432:Flounder; D007422:Intestines / Q000473:pathology; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009336:Necrosis; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D012237:Rhode Island; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D014733:Vibrio / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014735:Vibrio Infections / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004269:DNA, Bacterial