title: Parental adjustment and attitudes to parenting after in vitro fertilization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the psychosocial and parenthood-specific adjustment and attitudes to parenting at 1 year postpartum of IVF parents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Volunteers in a teaching hospital environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-five primiparous women with singleton IVF pregnancies and their partners, and a control group of 61 similarly aged primiparous women with no history of infertility and their partners.
  
  
  METHODS
  Completion of questionnaires and interviews.
  
  
  METHODS
  Parent reports of general and parenthood-specific adjustment and attitudes to parenting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The IVF mothers tended to report lower self-esteem and less parenting competence than control mothers. Although there were no group differences on protectiveness, IVF mothers saw their children as significantly more vulnerable and "special" compared with controls. The IVF fathers reported significantly lower self-esteem and marital satisfaction, although not less competence in parenting. Both IVF mothers and fathers did not differ from control parents on other measures of general adjustment (mood) or those more specific to parenthood (e.g., attachment to the child and attitudes to child rearing).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The IVF parents' adjustment to parenthood is similar to naturally conceiving comparison families. Nonetheless, there are minor IVF differences that reflect heightened child-focused concern and less confidence in parenting for mothers, less satisfaction with the marriage for the fathers, and vulnerable self-esteem for both parents.
authors.affiliation: Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. frgibson@laurel.ocs.mq.edu.au
authors.forename: F L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ungerer
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Tennant
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Saunders
mesh_terms: D001290:Attitude; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005220:Fathers / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology*; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012923:Social Class; D013223:Statistics as Topic