title: The glucocorticoid receptor: rapid exchange with regulatory sites in living cells.
abstract: Steroid receptors bind to site-specific response elements in chromatin and modulate gene expression in a hormone-dependent fashion. With the use of a tandem array of mouse mammary tumor virus reporter elements and a form of glucocorticoid receptor labeled with green fluorescent protein, targeting of the receptor to response elements in live mouse cells was observed. Photobleaching experiments provide direct evidence that the hormone-occupied receptor undergoes rapid exchange between chromatin and the nucleoplasmic compartment. Thus, the interaction of regulatory proteins with target sites in chromatin is a more dynamic process than previously believed.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Building 41, Room B602, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-5055, USA.
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: McNally
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wolford
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Hager
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism*; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008024:Ligands; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D008324:Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009707:Nucleosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000378:metabolism*; D020218:Response Elements; D020079:Terminal Repeat Sequences
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D008024:Ligands; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D009707:Nucleosomes; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D003907:Dexamethasone