title: Neuropsychological and clinical correlates of antisaccade task performance in schizophrenia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To elucidate pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in abnormal antisaccade task performance in schizophrenia by investigating a possible relationship among antisaccade task performance, neuropsychological test results, and symptomatology in a group of young patients with recent-onset schizophrenia; to compare the effects of olanzapine and risperidone on antisaccades and reflexive saccades.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Patients with schizophrenia consistently perform worse than controls on the antisaccade task in which the subject is required to inhibit a reflexive saccade to a suddenly appearing visual target and look in the opposite direction.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 37 young (mean age 21 years), medicated patients with recent-onset schizophrenia the authors assessed antisaccades, reflexive saccades, neuropsychological test performance, and symptomatology. A subgroup of 18 patients was treated with olanzapine, and 15 patients were treated with risperidone. Reflexive-saccade and antisaccade task results were compared with those obtained in 13 control subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The antisaccade error rate was significantly higher in the patients than in the control subjects. In the patients, poor working memory function was related to increased antisaccade error rate. Severity of disorganization symptoms at intake was related to prolonged mean latency of the correct antisaccades. Patients on risperidone had a prolonged mean latency in the reflexive saccade task compared with patients using olanzapine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Abnormal antisaccade task performance is already present in early schizophrenia and may reflect working memory dysfunction. In future studies, medication effects should be considered in interpreting eye movement test results of patients with schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Nieman
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Bour
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Linszen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goede
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Koelman
authors.forename: B P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Gersons
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Ongerboer de Visser
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011930:Reaction Time; D012438:Saccades / Q000502:physiology*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis