title: [The evaluation of experimentally induced injuries to the upper cervical spine with a digital x-ray technic, computed tomography and magnetic resonance tomography].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare digital X-ray, CT, and MRI in the evaluation of ligamentous and osseous lesions in upper cervical spine specimens after artificial craniocervical injury with the findings of macroscopic preparation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A rotation trauma of defined severity was applied to 19 human corpses. After dissection of the neck specimens, digital X-ray (DIMA Soft P41, Feinfocus), conventional and helical CT (CTi, High Speed, GE, collimation 1 mm; pitch 1.0), and MRI were performed from the skull base to C3. The findings were correlated with the macroscopic results of preparation. MR (Magnetom Vision, Siemens) imaging was obtained with a 1.5 T system using 2D- and 3D-sequences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preparation revealed 6 fractures of the vertebral bodies, 5 fractures of the dens axis, 1 fracture of the arcus anterior of the atlas, 4 osseous flakes at the occipital condylus, and 6 lesions of the alar ligaments. Digital radiography showed all fractures and 4 osseous flakes at the occipital condylus. With conventional and helical CT, all fractures and all ruptured alar ligaments could be detected. 2D MRI depicted 9 of the fractures and 3D MRI showed fractures. With 2D MRI, 2 of the 4 osseous flakes at the condylus could be detected and with 3D MRI one occipital condylus fracture could be depicted. Ligamentous injuries were visualized by 2D MRI in 2 of 6 cases and by 3D MRI in one case.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In post-mortem studies, CT was superior to MRI in the visualization of osseous and ligamentous injuries after trauma of the upper cervical spine. However, these results are not transferable to patients with rotation injury in general.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung Röntgendiagnostik I, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen. s.oben@med.uni-goettingen.de
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Obenauer
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Herold
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fadjasch
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koebke
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grabbe
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Saternus
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002102:Cadaver; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008022:Ligaments / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data