title: Tandem mass spectrometry: a helpful tool in hair analysis for the forensic expert.
abstract: The Bavarian State Bureau of Investigation in Munich has the exclusive responsibility for investigation of criminal acts. One considerable expertise is that of hair analysis. According to the legal system in Germany, there is a special interest when some clients' hair tested positive for illicit drugs. An accused with a lot of drugs in his hair will be treated as a supposed addict and will be guaranteed extenuating circumstances. The instrumentation used for hair analysis is a powerful analytical tool: a Varian 3400 gas chromatograph linked to a Finnigan Tandem-MS (TSQ 700). The methanol extraction method is used for the detection of illegal drugs and metabolites: amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDA, MDMA (ecstasy), MDE, MBDB, methadone, THC, EDDP (metabolite of methadone), cocaine, benzoylecgonine, cocaethylene, opiates (dihydrocodeine, codeine, heroin, 6-monoacetylmorphine, morphine, acetylcodeine). For the detection of 9-carboxy-THC by negative chemical ionization the hair sample is hydrolyzed under alkaline conditions. Solid-phase extraction is used for clean-up. The LOQ for the determination of 11-nor-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic-acid is 0.16 pg/mg hair. An unsurpassed combination for rendering an expert opinion based on hair analysis may be: a forensic expert using diligence and experience, coupled with the performance of a sophisticated analytical instrument.
authors.affiliation: Bayerisches Landeskriminalamt, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uhl
mesh_terms: D002186:Cannabinoids / Q000032:analysis; D003042:Cocaine / Q000032:analysis; D003415:Crime; D005554:Forensic Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D005858:Germany; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry*; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine / Q000032:analysis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002186:Cannabinoids; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D003042:Cocaine; D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine