title: A prospective study of fever and bacteremia after flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the incidence of fever and bacteremia after fiberoptic bronchoscopy in immunocompetent children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunocompetent children undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy between January 1997 and June 1998.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-one children were included in the study. Forty-four children (48%) developed fever within 24 h following bronchoscopy. Bacteremia was not detected in any of the cases at the time of the fever. Children who developed fever were younger than those who remained afebrile (mean age, 2.4 +/- 3.6 years vs 4.2 +/- 3.7 years; p = 0.025). In the fever group, 66% of the bronchoscopies were considered abnormal, compared to 45% in the nonfever group (p = 0.04). Of the fever group, 40.5% of BAL fluid cultures had significant bacterial growth, significantly higher compared to the nonfever group (13.2%; p = 0.006). Of the 80 patients in whom BAL was performed, fever occurred in 52.5% compared to only 18.2% in those who did not have BAL (p = 0.03). BAL fluid content of cell count, lipid-laden macrophages, and interleukin-8 were not significantly different in both groups. In a logistic regression analysis, the significant predictors for developing fever were positive bacterial culture (relative risk, 5.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.6 to 16.4; p = 0.007) and abnormal bronchoscopic findings (relative risk, 3.1, 95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 8.3; p = 0.02). When age < 2 years was included in the model, this factor became highly significant (relative risk, 5.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.83 to 13.75; p < 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fever following fiberoptic bronchoscopy is a common event in immunocompetent children and is not associated with bacteremia. Risks to develop this complication are age < 2 years, positive bacterial cultures in BAL fluid, and abnormal bronchoscopic findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Picard
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Glick
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Villa
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kerem
mesh_terms: D016470:Bacteremia / Q000209:etiology*; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000382:microbiology; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005335:Fever of Unknown Origin / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors