title: Effects of spinal cord X-irradiation on the recovery of paraplegic rats.
abstract: Axonal regrowth is limited in the adult CNS, especially in the spinal cord, one of the major sites of traumatic lesions. Pathophysiological changes occurring after spinal cord injury include complex acute, subacute, and late processes. In this study, we assessed whether X-irradiation interferes with the acute/subacute phases, thereby improving the functional recovery of paraplegic animals. Two days after acute compression of adult rat spinal cords, various doses (0, 2, 5, 10, 20 Gy) of X-rays were administered as one single dose to the compression site. The animals were functionally evaluated over the course of 1 month after injury, using the Tarlov scale and the Rivlin and Tator scale. We also designed a "physiological" scale, including an assessment of urinary function and infection, appropriate for the evaluation of spinal-cord-lesioned animals. Behavioral analysis suggested that the high doses, 20 Gy and, to a lesser extent, 5 and 10 Gy, were toxic, as shown by morbidity rate and "physiological" score. The 2-Gy group showed better motor performances than the lesioned nonirradiated (LNI) animals and the 5- and 20-Gy groups. Motor performance in the 5-, 10-, and 20-Gy groups was poorer than that seen in the LNI group. Gliosis was reduced in the 2-Gy group compared to LNI animals, and there was high levels of gliosis in the highly (>/=5 Gy) irradiated animals. There was a 23% less lesion-induced syringomyelia in the 2-Gy group than in the other groups (LNI and 5-20 Gy). Thus, low doses of X-rays may interfere with the formation of syringomyelia and glial scar, thereby facilitating the recovery of paraplegic animals. These findings suggest that low-dose irradiation of the lesion site, in association with other therapies, is a potentially promising treatment for improving recovery after spinal cord injury.
authors.affiliation: CNRS UMR 9923, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris. luc.ridet@chuv.hospvd.ch
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ridet
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pencalet
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Belcram
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Giraudeau
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chastang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Philippon
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mallet
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Privat
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001369:Axons / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D001835:Body Weight; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005260:Female; D005911:Gliosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D009043:Motor Activity; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000528:radiation effects*; D016900:Neurofilament Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D010264:Paraplegia / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D013117:Spinal Cord Compression / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D013595:Syringomyelia / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D016900:Neurofilament Proteins; C051774:neurofilament protein H