title: Facial growth in a cleft palate patient treated with the Herbst appliance: a long-term profile roentgenographic and roentgen stereometric analysis of profile changes and displacement of the jaws.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To monitor facial development in a patient with cleft palate who was treated with the Herbst appliance. Monitoring was in terms of changes in the skeletal profile and growth in the circummaxillary sutures and temporomandibular joints (TMJs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective profile roentgenography (between the ages of 6 and 20 years) and roentgen stereometric analysis (between the ages of 8 and 19 years).
  
  
  METHODS
  Center for Craniofacial Anomalies and Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
  
  
  METHODS
  Boy with cleft of the soft and posterior part of the hard palate and marked facial convexity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surgical repair of the soft palate at age 9 months, velopharyngeal flap at age 8 years, and insertion of implants under general anesthesia and treatment with the Herbst appliance at age 11 years. Roentgen examinations were performed in connection with continued clinical evaluations and treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Profile roentgenograms were traced and measured by one of the authors using conventional point-based analysis. Stereo roentgenograms were digitized by the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Malmö University Hospital.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The direction of profile changes was partly discordant with the direction of articular growth in the circummaxillary sutures and TMJs. The successful treatment result was accomplished by a temporary influence on sagittal growth direction in the circummaxillary sutures and on rotational growth direction in the TMJs, combined with a favorable natural remodeling and articular growth pattern.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mode of growth by which treatment aims were reached was partly unexpected, i.e., discordant with the generally accepted principal concept that treatment with the Herbst appliance positions the mandible forward.
authors.affiliation: The Center for Craniofacial Anomalies, Malmö University Hospital, Sweden.
authors.forename: K V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Sarnäs
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rune
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D003393:Cranial Sutures / Q000254:growth & development; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008445:Maxillofacial Development; D017289:Orthodontic Appliances, Functional; D010780:Photogrammetry; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019252:Radiography, Dental, Digital / Q000379:methods*; D063173:Retrognathia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques; D013704:Temporomandibular Joint / Q000254:growth & development