The glucocorticoid receptor: rapid exchange with regulatory sites in living cells.
Steroid receptors bind to site-specific response elements in chromatin and modulate gene expression in a hormone-dependent fashion. With the use of a tandem array of mouse mammary tumor virus reporter elements and a form of glucocorticoid receptor labeled with green fluorescent protein, targeting of the receptor to response elements in live mouse cells was observed. Photobleaching experiments provide direct evidence that the hormone-occupied receptor undergoes rapid exchange between chromatin and the nucleoplasmic compartment. Thus, the interaction of regulatory proteins with target sites in chromatin is a more dynamic process than previously believed.
McNally
J G
JG
Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Building 41, Room B602, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-5055, USA.
Müller
W G
WG
Walker
D
D
Wolford
R
R
Hager
G L
GL
D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism*; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008024:Ligands; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D008324:Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009707:Nucleosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000378:metabolism*; D020218:Response Elements; D020079:Terminal Repeat Sequences
D002843:Chromatin; D008024:Ligands; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D009707:Nucleosomes; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D003907:Dexamethasone