title: The Sos1 and Sos2 Ras-specific exchange factors: differences in placental expression and signaling properties.
abstract: Targeted disruption of both alleles of mouse sos1, which encodes a Ras-specific exchange factor, conferred mid-gestational embryonic lethality that was secondary to impaired placental development and was associated with very low placental ERK activity. The trophoblastic layers of sos1(-/-) embryos were poorly developed, correlating with high sos1 expression in wild-type trophoblasts. A sos1(-/-) cell line, which expressed readily detectable levels of the closely related Sos2 protein, formed complexes between Sos2, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Shc efficiently, gave normal Ras.GTP and ERK responses when treated with EGF for < or =10 min and was transformed readily by activated Ras. However, the sos1(-/-) cells were resistant to transformation by v-Src or by overexpressed EGFR and continuous EGF treatment, unlike sos1(+/-) or wild-type cells. This correlated with Sos2 binding less efficiently than Sos1 to EGFR and Shc in cells treated with EGF for > or =90 min or to v-Src and Shc in v-Src-expressing cells, and with less ERK activity. We conclude that Sos1 participates in both short- and long-term signaling, while Sos2-dependent signals are predominantly short-term.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Esteban
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Vass
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Upadhyaya
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Papageorge
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yienger
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Lowy
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Santos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D011905:Genes, ras; D016391:Genes, src; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D020837:SOS1 Protein / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D020664:Son of Sevenless Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D020837:SOS1 Protein; D020664:Son of Sevenless Proteins; C116864:Sos2 protein, mouse; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D018631:ras Proteins