title: Net joint moments and joint powers in horses with superficial digital flexor tendinitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether analysis of net joint moments and joint powers is a suitable technique for evaluation of mechanics and energetics of lameness in horses and to measure effects of superficial digital flexor tendinitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  6 sound horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Horses were evaluated before (sound evaluation) and after (lame evaluation) induction of superficial digital flexor tendinitis in 1 forelimb by injection of collagenase. Recordings were made with an optoelectronic system and a force plate as horses trotted. Net joint moments and joint powers in the sagittal plane at each joint in the forelimbs during the stance phase were determined. Peak values were determined, and mechanical energy absorbed and generated at each joint was calculated. Comparisons were made between contralateral limbs during sound and lame evaluations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lame limbs had significant reductions in peak values for net joint moments on the palmar aspect of metacarpophalangeal (fetlock), carpal, and humeroulnar joints. Total energy absorbed was significantly lower at every joint in lame limbs, compared with compensating limbs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Horses with superficial digital flexor tendinitis had significant differences between lame and compensating limbs for net joint moments and joint powers at all joints, indicating that the gait of horses with superficial digital flexor tendinitis is energetically inefficient. Assessment of net joint moments and joint powers is a useful tool in evaluating equine lameness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824-1314, USA.
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Clayton
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Schamhardt
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Willemen
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Lanovaz
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Colborne
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006736:Horses; D007596:Joints / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007794:Lameness, Animal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009043:Motor Activity; D009068:Movement; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology; D011187:Posture; D052256:Tendinopathy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D013710:Tendons / Q000503:physiopathology*