title: Poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate): an effective candidate topical antimicrobial for the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases.
abstract: Presently marketed vaginal barrier agents are cytotoxic and damage the vaginal epithelium and natural vaginal flora with frequent use. Novel noncytotoxic agents are needed to protect women from sexually transmitted diseases. One candidate compound is a high-molecular-mass form of soluble poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) (T-PSS). The antimicrobial activity of T-PSS was evaluated in primary culture systems and in a genital herpes murine model. Results obtained indicate that T-PSS is highly effective against herpes simplex viruses, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Chlamydia trachomatis in vitro. A 5% T-PSS gel protected 15 of 16 mice from vaginal herpes, compared with 2 of 16 mice treated with a placebo gel. Moreover, T-PSS exhibited little or no cytotoxicity and has an excellent selectivity index. T-PSS is an excellent candidate topical antimicrobial that blocks adherence of herpes simplex virus at low concentrations, inactivates virus at higher concentrations, and exhibits a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA. betsy_herold@mssm.edu
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Herold
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bourne
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marcellino
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kirkpatrick
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Strauss
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Zaneveld
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Waller
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Chany
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Barham
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Stanberry
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Cooper
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000166:cytology; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D005260:Female; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006493:Heparin / Q000494:pharmacology; D006558:Herpes Genitalis / Q000188:drug therapy; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009344:Neisseria gonorrhoeae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D011137:Polystyrenes / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D011137:Polystyrenes; C003321:polystyrene sulfonic acid; D006493:Heparin