title: Reduction of radiation exposure to patients in the follow-up of shockwave lithotripsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess, in patients undergoing extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), if a policy of using unilateral X-rays of the kidney, ureter and bladder (hemi-KUB) whenever possible and appropriate during diagnosis and follow-up, was successful in reducing the radiation exposure associated with ESWL.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two groups of patients of statistically comparable size and demography were assessed retrospectively before and after the implementation of the policy. All had undergone ESWL for radio-opaque upper urinary tract stones and all were finally rendered stone-free. The number and type of all radiological procedures from initial diagnosis of the stone to documented stone-free status were recorded and the dose calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The appropriate use of hemi-KUB X-rays resulted in a significant mean reduction of radiation exposure after treatment of 2.28 mSv per patient (P<0.05). Furthermore, as expected, the radiation dose was clearly but not closely correlated with stone size (r = 0.419).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The appropriate use of hemi-KUB X-rays during the follow-up after ESWL is a simple and effective way of significantly reducing the radiation exposure of such patients.
authors.affiliation: Urology Unit, Department of Surgery, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Talati
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Biyabani
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Naz
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Abbas
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Buchholz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*