title: Effects of clomiphene citrate on the endometrium of regularly cycling women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effects of clomiphene citrate (CC) on the endometrium of regularly cycling women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty healthy, regularly cycling, female volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  All volunteers were studied for two consecutive cycles, one control cycle and one CC-treated cycle. Clomiphene citrate (100 mg/d) was given on days 3-7 of the CC-treated cycles. Ultrasonography was performed daily to assess ovulation. Ultrasonography and endometrial biopsy were performed, and blood samples were obtained for determination of E2 and progesterone levels 7 days after ovulation in both the control and CC-treated cycles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Histologic dating, morphometric analysis, and ultrasonographic appearance and thickness of the endometrium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histologic dating and ultrasonographic appearance and thickness of the endometrium were similar in the control and CC-treated cycles, but morphometric parameters were different. The number of glands per square millimeter and the mean diameter of the glands were lower in the CC-treated cycles than in the control cycles, but the number of vacuolated cells per 1,000 glandular cells was higher.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clomiphene citrate has effects on the endometrium of regularly cycling women, as demonstrated by a reduction in glandular density and an increase in the number of vacuolated cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. trcwsr@md2.md.chula.ac.th
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sereepapong
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suwajanakorn
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Triratanachat
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sampatanukul
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pruksananonda
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Boonkasemsanti
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Reinprayoon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002996:Clomiphene / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004717:Endometrium / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000187:drug effects*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D002996:Clomiphene