title: Inhibition of IkappaB kinase and IkappaB phosphorylation by 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) in activated murine macrophages.
abstract: Activation of the macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) induces the expression of gene products involved in host defense, among them type 2 nitric oxide synthase. Treatment of cells with 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) (15dPGJ(2)) inhibited the LPS- and IFN-gamma-dependent synthesis of NO, a process that was not antagonized by similar concentrations of prostaglandin J(2), prostaglandin E(2), or rosiglitazone, a peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligand. Incubation of activated macrophages with 15dPGJ(2) inhibited the degradation of IkappaBalpha and IkappaBbeta and increased their levels in the nuclei. NF-kappaB activity, as well as the transcription of NF-kappaB-dependent genes, such as those encoding type 2 nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase 2, was impaired under these conditions. Analysis of the steps leading to IkappaB phosphorylation showed an inhibition of IkappaB kinase by 15dPGJ(2) in cells treated with LPS and IFN-gamma, resulting in an impaired phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha, at least in the serine 32 residue required for targeting and degradation of this protein. Incubation of partially purified activated IkappaB kinase with 2 microM 15dPGJ(2) reduced by 83% the phosphorylation in serine 32 of IkappaBalpha, suggesting that this prostaglandin exerts direct inhibitory effects on the activity of the IkappaB kinase complex. These results show rapid actions of 15dPGJ(2), independent of peroxisomal proliferator receptor gamma activation, in macrophages challenged with low doses of LPS and IFN-gamma.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Bioquímica (Centro Mixto CSIC-UCM), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Castrillo
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Díaz-Guerra
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hortelano
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martín-Sanz
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Boscá
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D008264:Macrophages / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D010766:Phosphorylation; D015230:Prostaglandin D2 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C097240:15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C496564:Chuk protein, mouse; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase; C496562:Ikbkb protein, mouse; C496566:Ikbke protein, mouse; D015230:Prostaglandin D2