title: Randomized controlled trial of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor for the treatment of chronic hepatitis c.
abstract: Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was administered subcutaneously to 45 chronic hepatitis C patients, randomly assigned to receive 0.5, 1 or 2 microg GM-CSF/kg b.w. daily/6 weeks (n=30), or no treatment (n=15). Alanine transaminase (ALT) values normalized in four out of 10 (40%) patients administered 2 microg GM-CSF [1 cleared hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA] but in none given 0.5 or 1 microg or untreated controls (P=0.0079). Following 4 weeks of rest, patients received 5 million units of interferon (IFN)alpha2b every other day/6 months, alone (n=30), or combined with 2 microg GM-CSF/daily for 3 months (n=15). At treatment end, ALT levels in patients administered the combination normalized more frequently than in those given monotherapy (73% vs 47%, P=0.089). Viraemia decreased significantly in 11/15 (73%) patients administered GM-CSF/IFNalpha2b combination (mean log HCV RNA copies/ml+/-SEM: 4.13+/-0.40 vs 5.29+/-0.23;P=0.011), and in 20/30 (67%) receiving IFNalpha2b monotherapy (4.27+/-0.28 vs 5. 31+/-0.14;P=0.004); 27% and 20% of patients given the combination and monotherapy, respectively, cleared HCV RNA. One patient in each regime had a sustained response after 12 months. 2', 5'-Oligoadenylate synthetase activity (2-5AS) increased during GM-CSF therapy (P=0.033 with the 2 microg dose). 2-5AS increased more in the GM-CSF/IFN-alpha2b combination than with IFNalpha2b monotherapy (P<0.02). GM-CSF provoked a skin reaction at the injection site, accompanied by moderate and reversible rises in eosinophil and leucocyte counts. In summary, daily s.c. GM-CSF administration is safe and shows effects against HCV; the GM-CSF/IFNalpha2b combination has an additional-but transient-antiviral activity in chronic hepatitis C.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain. vcarreno@uni.fjd.es
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Carreño
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martín
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pardo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brotons
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Anchía
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Navas
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Arocena
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Quiroga
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003875:Drug Eruptions / Q000209:etiology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014766:Viremia / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor