title: Practical primary pediatric orthopedics.
abstract: Pediatric orthopedic problems often puzzle the primary health provider and worry families. A thorough orthopedic history and examination by the primary care provider is all that is necessary to determine whether a problem requires further evaluation and referral. This article addresses a practical approach to common orthopedic problems, assessment, and management strategies from the specialist perspective. A general description of developmental dysplasia of the hip, foot misalignments, tibial torsion, toe-walking, genu varum (bowlegs), growing pains, sprains and fractures, and the child with a limp is provided. Management strategies before and after orthopedic referral are presented.
authors.affiliation: Sports Medicine Division, Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039, USA.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Wall
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005530:Foot Deformities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000451:nursing / Q000628:therapy; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000175:diagnosis; D006618:Hip Dislocation, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000451:nursing / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016530:Orthopedic Nursing; D012775:Shoes; D013180:Sprains and Strains / Q000175:diagnosis; D016138:Walking