title: Head and neck manifestations of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is the 2nd most common malignancy in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. However, limited information regarding head and neck manifestations of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is present in the literature. The aim of this article is to describe the head and neck manifestations of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in HIV-infected patients and compare it with that seen in noninfected patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study was performed including 124 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma presenting over a 5.5-year period to tertiary care center in a metropolitan location.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, the anatomic distribution of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is not altered in the presence of HIV infection with the head and neck region (63%) most often involved overall. However, within the head and neck region, extralymphatic disease is significantly more common in HIV-infected patients (59%) than noninfected patients (33%; P = .001). Central nervous system (CNS) involvement accounts for 41% of head and neck non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in HIV-infected patients, in contrast to only 12% of noninfected patients. High-grade lymphoma (68%) are more common than intermediate (30%) or low-grade disease (2%) in the HIV-infected population, whereas low (24%) and intermediate (60%) grades are more common than high-grade lymphoma (16%) in noninfected patients (P < .001). The large cell immunoblastic type (48%) is the most common subtype in HIV-infected patients, whereas diffuse large-cell type (32%) was most common in HIV-negative patients (P < .05). Survival is significantly poor for HIV-infected patients (P < .05). The impact of HIV infection on survival remain significant even after controlling for the effects of confounding factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Head and neck involvement with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma occurs in a significant number of HIV-infected patients. Our data show that the distribution and course of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is unique in HIV-infected patients. A high level of suspicion for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is required in all cases of head and neck lesions in patients with HIV infection to facilitate management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, State University of New York-Health Science Center at Brooklyn, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poluri
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Shaha
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Michuart
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Har-El
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Lucente
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D016483:Lymphoma, AIDS-Related / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology*; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis