title: Voltage-shift of the current activation in HERG S4 mutation (R534C) in LQT2.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recently, a novel missense mutation (R534C) in the S4 region of human ether-a-go-go-related gene (HERG) was identified in one Japanese LQT2 family. The S4 region presumably functions as a voltage sensor. However, it has not yet been addressed whether the S4 region of HERG indeed functions as a voltage sensor, and whether these residues play any role in abnormal channel function in cardiac repolarization.
  
  
  METHODS
  We characterized the electrophysiological properties of the R534C mutation using the heterologous expression system in Xenopus oocytes. Whole cell currents were recorded in oocytes injected with wild-type cRNA, R534C cRNA, or a combination of both.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical features--QTc intervals of all affected patients with R534C mutation in HERG are prolonged ranging from 460 to 680 ms (averaged QTc interval > 540 ms). One member of this family had experienced sudden cardiac arrest, and other suffered from recurrent palpitation. Electrophysiology--Oocytes injected with R534C cRNA did express functional channels with altered channel gating. Kinetic analyses revealed that the R534C mutation shifted the voltage-dependence of HERG channel activation to a negative direction, accelerated activation and deactivation time course, and reduced steady-state inactivation. Quantitative analyses revealed that this mutation did not cause apparent dominant-negative suppression. Computer simulation--Incorporating the kinetic alterations of R534C, however, did not reproduce prolonged action potential duration (APD).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data revealed that arginine at position 534 in the S4 region of HERG is indeed involved in voltage-dependence of channel activation as a voltage sensor. Our examination indicated that HERG current suppression in R534C mutation was the least severe among other mutations that have been electrophysiologically examined, while affected patients did show significant QT prolongation. This suggest that another unidentified factor(s) that prolong APD might be present.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirano
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakurada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Katayama
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hiraoka
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials; D000818:Animals; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D000072237:ERG1 Potassium Channel; D004594:Electrophysiology; D051638:Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels; D015870:Gene Expression; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D006801:Humans; D015640:Ion Channel Gating / Q000235:genetics*; D008133:Long QT Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D009865:Oocytes; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000235:genetics*; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated; D015534:Trans-Activators; D000071230:Transcriptional Regulator ERG; D014981:Xenopus
chemical_list: D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C072312:ERG protein, human; D000072237:ERG1 Potassium Channel; D051638:Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels; C000606913:KCNH2 protein, human; C092509:KCNH6 protein, human; D015221:Potassium Channels; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated; D015534:Trans-Activators; D000071230:Transcriptional Regulator ERG