title: Anti-HIV antiviral activity of stavudine in a thymidine kinase-deficient cellular line.
abstract: Stavudine (d4T) is a potent inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase. It is known that stavudine is metabolized in cells to the mono-, di- and triphosphate nucleotides but the enzymes responsible for its phosphorylation are as yet unidentified. In particular, there are conflicting results concerning the role of thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) in stavudine metabolism. To gain new insights into this phenomenon we analysed the antiviral activity of stavudine in a TK1-deficient, resistant cell line. The results indicate that TK1 is responsible for the phosphorylation of stavudine but it is not the only enzyme involved in its activation. The other enzyme(s) that might be involved in the metabolism of stavudine, however, are not able to phosphorylate stavudine with the same efficiency as TK1. Since it has been shown that prolonged treatment with zidovudine may induce an in vivo defect in TK1 activity, it is tempting to speculate that patients treated for a long time with zidovudine could be resistant to further treatment with stavudine.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy. virosap@flashnet.it
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Turriziani
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Simeoni
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dianzani
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Antonelli
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D006801:Humans; D010766:Phosphorylation; D018119:Stavudine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013937:Thymidine Kinase / Q000172:deficiency / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D018119:Stavudine; D013937:Thymidine Kinase