title: Neonatal seizures: incidence, onset, and etiology by gestational age.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the influence of gestational age on seizures in the neonatal intensive care unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of 4165 neonates admitted to a university intensive care unit between 1986 and 1995. The incidence, time of onset, and etiology of neonatal seizures in the cohort were distributed by gestational age. Logistic regression and t test were used to examine the relationship between gestational age and seizures in the neonatal intensive care unit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seizures occurred in 356 (8.6%) infants. The seizure rate was parabolically related to gestational age, such that infants at 30 to 36 weeks' gestation had a 4.8% rate compared with 11.9% and 14.1% rates for infants < 30 and > 36 weeks, respectively (p < 0.001). Seizures manifested earlier in infants < 30 weeks (2.3 +/- 5.6 days of life) and > 36 weeks (3.7 +/- 8.7 days) gestational age compared with neonates 30 to 36 weeks (10.4 +/- 14.5 days) (p < 0.001). Intraventricular hemorrhage was the principal etiology underlying the higher seizure rate for infants < 30 weeks (p < 0.001). Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and congenital malformations were primary factors for infants > 36 weeks (p < 0.01). Nervous system infections were evenly distributed across gestational age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gestational age exerts a considerable influence on the incidence, onset, and etiology of neonatal seizures.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Neurology, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison 53792-5132, USA.
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Sheth
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Hobbs
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mullett
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D016015:Logistic Models; D012640:Seizures / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology