title: Management of heparin therapy in the high-risk, chronically anticoagulated, oral surgery patient: a review and a proposed nomogram.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study analyzes the use of a standard nomogram that can help reduce the level of anticoagulation preoperatively to effectively manage perioperative heparin therapy in chronically anticoagulated oral surgery patients who are at high risk for thromboembolism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients with significant cardiovascular disease, ranging in age from 56 to 79 years and requiring oral surgery, were randomly divided into 2 groups. All patients were on chronic warfarin therapy, and perioperative heparinization was recommended by their cardiologist. Group A (n = 10) had their anticoagulation therapy managed with the use of a standard nomogram. The heparin therapy for group B (n = 10) was managed without the use of the nomogram. The records of all patients were analyzed for therapeutic efficacy of heparinization, number of laboratory tests required, duration of hospitalization, and complications related to heparinization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients in group A did significantly better in all parameters when compared with group B patients. There were no complications in group A, whereas there was a 20% incidence of complications related to anticoagulation therapy in group B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of a standard nomogram to manage anticoagulation therapy in the oral surgery patient requiring heparinization is strongly recommended. This provides optimal therapeutic benefit, decreases the incidence of complications, and makes the hospitalization less costly and more comfortable for the patient.
authors.affiliation: Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. pushkarmehra@hotmail.com
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mehra
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Cottrell
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Bestgen
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Booth
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000075202:Contraindications; D017742:Dental Care for Chronically Ill / Q000379:methods*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006493:Heparin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D006493:Heparin