title: Second-generation perfluorocarbon emulsion blood substitutes.
abstract: A novel series of perfluorocarbon (PFC) emulsions, based on perfluorodecalin (C10F18) and stabilised with up to 2.5% (w/v) of lecithin have been produced for evaluation as injectable, temporary respiratory gas-carrying blood substitutes. Some formulations contained 1.0% (w/v) of perfluorodimorpholinopropane (C11F22N2O2) to retard droplet growth through molecular diffusion (Ostwald Ripening). Other emulsions contained novel, amphiphilic fluorinated surfactants, such as, for example, the monocarbamate, C8F17C2H4NHC(O)(CH2CH2O)2Me (designated compound P6), at 0.1% (w/v) to enhance stability. Emulsions were prepared by homogenisation, were steam sterilisable and were stable for > 300 days (25 degrees C). Injection of rats (7.5 ml kg-1 b.w.) with emulsions produced significant (P < 0.05), transient increases in liver and spleen weights. One emulsion inhibited phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated, Luminol-enhanced, chemiluminescence of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNL) in vitro, suggesting possible applications in ischaemic tissues for suppressing PMNL-mediated inflammation. The P6 fluoro-surfactant inhibited spontaneous platelet aggregation in hirudin-anticoagulated human blood in vitro, suggesting possible applications as an anti-thrombotic agent.
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences (Life Science), University of Nottingham, U.K.
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Lowe
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D001802:Blood Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004355:Drug Stability; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D001802:Blood Substitutes; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors