title: Sorption of imidacloprid and its metabolites on tropical soils.
abstract: The sorption of imidacloprid (1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-methyl]-N-nitro-2-imidazolid-inimine ) (IMI) and its metabolites imidacloprid-urea (1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-methyl]-2-imidazol-idinone) (IU), imidacloprid-guanidine (1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-methyl]-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine) (IG), and imidacloprid-guanidine-olefin (1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-1H-imidazol-2-amine) (IGO) was determined on six typical Brazilian soils. Sorption of the chemicals on the soil was characterized using the batch equilibration method. The range and order of sorption (Kd) on the six soils was IG (4.75-134) > or = IGO (2.87-72.3) > IMI (0.55-16.9) > IU (0.31-9.50). For IMI and IU, Kd was correlated with soil organic carbon (OC) content and CEC, the latter due to the high correlation between OC and cation exchange capacity (CEC) (R2 = 0.98). For IG and IGO, there was no correlation of sorption to clay, pH, OC or CEC due to the high sorption on all soils. Average Koc values were IU = 170, IMI = 362, IGO = 2433, and IG = 3500. Although Kd and Koc values found were consistently lower than those found in soils developed in non-tropical climates, imidacloprid and its metabolites were still considered to be slightly mobile to immobile in Brazilian soils.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Estadual de Maringa, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Koskinen
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Werdin
authors.forename: P Y
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Yen
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D001938:Brazil; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000737:chemistry*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000737:chemistry*; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis*; D014329:Tropical Climate
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D007306:Insecticides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D012987:Soil; C082359:imidacloprid