title: Defining hepatocellular chimerism in a liver failure patient bridged with hepatocyte infusion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A practical method of monitoring engraftment by transplanted hepatocytes for the purpose of bridging human liver failure to native regeneration is described.
  
  
  METHODS
  A previously healthy 37-year-old female with a 2-week history of a febrile illness presented with fulminant liver failure. Findings on admission included the following: illicit drug use, serum hepatitis B surface antigen positive, grade 1 encephalopathy, prothrombin time (pt) >100 sec, F7<1%, NH3 150 micromol/L, alanine aminotransferase 4079 U/L, total bilirubin level 11.4 mg/dl, and glucose 70 mg/dl (on IV D10). With immunosuppression, 8.8x10(8), 96% viable human hepatocytes were intraportally infused. Clinical chemistries, total sHLA class I, and ELISA to measure donor-specific sHLA-A1 and -B8 were recorded. Serial transjugular liver biopsies were performed and pooled for histological examination, DNA extraction, and HLA DNA typing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient fully recovered. At months 3 and 4 with donor biopsy specimen class I HLA DNA no longer detectable, immunosuppression was tapered off. The patient is clinically normal, serum hepatitis B surface antigen negative at 10 months of follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bridging liver failure with donor hepatocytes with HLA class I antigen disparate from recipients is clinically feasible, and allows for a marker, combined with serial graft histology, to safely wean immunosuppression when native liver regeneration succeeds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298-0254, USA.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tisnado
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sterling
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Posner
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Strom
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D017690:Cell Transplantation; D005260:Female; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000097:blood; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology*; D017093:Liver Failure / Q000601:surgery*; D008115:Liver Regeneration; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D018183:Transplantation Chimera
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006680:HLA Antigens; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I