title: Multiplexed single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping by oligonucleotide ligation and flow cytometry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We have developed a rapid, high throughput method for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping that employs an oligonucleotide ligation assay (OLA) and flow cytometric analysis of fluorescent microspheres.
  
  
  METHODS
  A fluoresceinated oligonucleotide reporter sequence is added to a "capture" probe by OLA. Capture probes are designed to hybridize both to genomic "targets" amplified by polymerase chain reaction and to a separate complementary DNA sequence that has been coupled to a microsphere. These sequences on the capture probes are called "ZipCodes". The OLA-modified capture probes are hybridized to ZipCode complement-coupled microspheres. The use of microspheres with different ratios of red and orange fluorescence makes a multiplexed format possible where many SNPs may be analyzed in a single tube. Flow cytometric analysis of the microspheres simultaneously identifies both the microsphere type and the fluorescent green signal associated with the SNP genotype.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Application of this methodology is demonstrated by the multiplexed genotyping of seven CEPH DNA samples for nine SNP markers located near the ApoE locus on chromosome 19. The microsphere-based SNP analysis agreed with genotyping by sequencing in all cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multiplexed SNP genotyping by OLA with flow cytometric analysis of fluorescent microspheres is an accurate and rapid method for the analysis of SNPs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Sciences, Glaxo Wellcome Research Laboratories, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-3398, USA. mai49583@glaxowellcome.com
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Iannone
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rivers
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Slentz-Kesler
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Weiner
mesh_terms: D002888:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods*; D005452:Fluoresceins; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D005819:Genetic Markers; D015894:Genome, Human; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008863:Microspheres; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000737:chemistry*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D005452:Fluoresceins; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D005819:Genetic Markers; D009841:Oligonucleotides; D004247:DNA