title: Human aqueous and vitreous humour levels of ciprofloxacin following oral and topical administration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess aqueous and vitreous humour ciprofloxacin concentrations following oral and topical administration of ciprofloxacin in patients with non-inflamed cornea and an intact crystalline lens, and to compare the concentrations of the drug given by either route.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective study, 34 patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy for various ocular pathologies were divided into two groups. Eighteen patients received 2 drops of 0.3% ophthalmic solution of ciprofloxacin every 30 min for 3 h and then every 60 min for the next 3 h, and 16 patients received a single oral dose of 1000 mg ciprofloxacin 6 h before surgery. The aqueous and vitreous humour samples were simultaneously harvested after oral or topical administration during pars plana vitrectomy to assess penetration of the drug. These samples were assayed for ciprofloxacin concentrations by a method described previously by us using high-performance liquid chromatography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The aqueous and vitreous humour levels of ciprofloxacin were 0.59 +/- 0.06 microgram/ml (mean +/- SEM) and 0.64 +/- 0.06 microgram/ml after oral and 0.44 +/- 0.07 microgram/ml and 0.22 +/- 0.04 microgram/ml after topical ciprofloxacin administration, respectively. Aqueous humour levels were not statistically significantly different following oral and topical administration (p = 0.069). However, the vitreous level of the drug after oral administration was significantly higher than that after topical administration (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ocular bioavailability of ciprofloxacin in aqueous humour following oral and topical administration is found to be similar when the drug was applied as described above. Penetration of ciprofloxacin into vitreous humour is less than that into aqueous humour after topical administration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vitreoretinal Surgery, SSK Eye Hospital Akara, Turkey.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Cekiç
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Batman
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Yasar
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Başci
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bozkurt
authors.forename: S O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Kayaalp
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis / Q000379:methods; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014821:Vitrectomy; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D002939:Ciprofloxacin