title: Temperature mapping using the water proton chemical shift: self-referenced method with echo-planar spectroscopic imaging.
abstract: An echo-planar spectroscopic imaging method of temperature mapping is proposed. This method is sufficiently faster than the so-called 3D magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (3D-MRSI) method and does not require image subtractions, unlike the conventional phase mapping method when an internal reference signal is detectable. The water proton chemical shift measured by using the tissue lipid as an internal reference clearly visualized the temperature change in a porcine liver sample in vitro. It was also demonstrated that the internally referenced echo-planar spectroscopic imaging method could markedly reduce a temperature error caused by a simple, translational motion between scans compared with the phase-mapping method.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Science and Technology, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan. kagayaki@ridt.u-tokai.ac.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuroda
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Mulkern
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oshio
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Panych
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moriya
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okuda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hynynen
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Jolesz
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Joles
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature; D001834:Body Water; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011522:Protons; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D011522:Protons