title: An image-based approach for designing and manufacturing craniofacial scaffolds.
abstract: Bone tissue engineering (BTE), which combines biomaterial scaffolds with biologically active factors, holds tremendous promise for reconstructing craniofacial defects. A significant challenge in craniofacial reconstructive BTE applications is the complex patient-specific geometry that must be reconstructed. In this paper, we present an image-based approach for designing and manufacturing patient-specific craniofacial biomaterial scaffolds directly from CT or MRI data. In this approach, voxel density distribution is used to define scaffold topology. The scaffold design topology is created using image processing techniques. This voxel density distribution is then converted to data that can be used to drive a Solid Free-Form Fabrication machine to either directly build the scaffold or build a mold for the scaffold. Several preliminary applications for craniofacial surgery, including a mandibular condyle scaffold, an orbital floor scaffold, and a general mandibular defect scaffold, are illustrated. Finally, we show applications to in vivo models.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sugery (Orthopaedics) and Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, The Unviersity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA. scottho@umich.edu
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hollister
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Halloran
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Feinberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001709:Biotechnology; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008334:Mandible / Q000601:surgery; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000601:surgery; D009915:Orbit / Q000601:surgery; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D012886:Skull / Q000601:surgery*; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials