title: Survey of the effectiveness of stunning procedures used in Spanish pig abattoirs.
abstract: Two pig abattoirs (A and B) equipped with an automated head-only and head-to-chest electrical stunning system, and two (C and D) equipped with a manual carbon dioxide stunning system, were evaluated to compare the effectiveness of stunning in a total of 10,454 pigs slaughtered under commercial conditions. In the abattoirs with the electrical stunning system, the percentage of animals that responded to a nose prick was significantly lower (P<0.05) in abattoir B, where a higher current intensity was used (P<0.05), than in abattoir A. No righting reflex was observed in the electrically stunned pigs. In the abattoirs with the carbon dioxide stunning system, the percentage of animals that responded to a nose prick and showed a righting reflex was significantly lower (P<0.05) in abattoir C, where the duration of the carbon dioxide cycle was longer and the interval between discharge from the system to sticking was shorter (P<0.05), than in D. Comparing the electrical and carbon dioxide stunning systems, the pigs stunned with carbon dioxide were significantly more responsive to a nose prick (P<0.05) and 25 per cent of them showed a righting reflex. Under the conditions of the study the fully automated head-only stunning with additional chest electrodes appeared to be more effective and less susceptible to incorrect handling than the manual carbon dioxide stunning system.
authors.affiliation: Centre de Tecnologia de la Carn, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, Monells, Girona, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Velarde
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gispert
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Faucitano
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Manteca
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Diestre
mesh_terms: D000003:Abattoirs / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000592:standards*; D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D004560:Electricity; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013552:Swine / Q000502:physiology*; D014474:Unconsciousness / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide