title: Semen quality of workers occupationally exposed to hydrocarbons.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether occupational exposure of men to hydrocarbons has adverse effects on the quality of their semen.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparative study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The rubber industry in Mexico City.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight workers who were exposed to hydrocarbons for 2-24 years and 42 unexposed workers.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  Environmental hydrocarbon concentrations were determined by continuous air monitoring in all areas of the factory. Analyses of semen samples were performed in accordance with World Health Organization criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hydrocarbon concentrations were as follows: ethylbenzene, 220.7-234 mg/m3; benzene, 31.9-47.8 mg/m3; toluene, 189.7-212.5 mg/m3; and xylene, 47-56.4 mg/m3. The number of subjects with ejaculates that had normal characteristics was greater in the unexposed group (76%) than in the exposed group (17%). More abnormal characteristics were found in the semen of exposed workers than unexposed workers, including alterations in viscosity, liquefaction capacity, sperm count, sperm motility, and the proportion of sperm with normal morphology. Some abnormal characteristics correlated with the number of years of exposure to the hydrocarbons.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Damage to the spermatogenic process resulting from hydrocarbon exposure was demonstrated by an increased rate of abnormalities in the semen of exposed workers compared with unexposed workers. This information may be useful for conducting future analyses of reproductive risks related to exposure to high concentrations of hydrocarbons.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Coordinación de Investigación Médica, Mexican Institute for Social Security, Guadalajara, Jalisco.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De Celis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Feria-Velasco
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: González-Unzaga
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Torres-Calleja
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pedrón-Nuevo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000633:toxicity*; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D009845:Oligospermia / Q000453:epidemiology; D012661:Semen / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D012907:Smoking; D013073:Sperm Agglutination / Q000187:drug effects; D013076:Sperm Count / Q000187:drug effects; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D006838:Hydrocarbons