title: Infrequent widespread microsatellite instability in hepatocellular carcinomas.
abstract: Widespread or high-frequency microsatellite instability (MSI) due to the defective DNA mismatch repair (MMR) occurs in the majority of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer and a subset of sporadic malignant tumors. The incidence of MSI and underlying DNA MMR defects have been well characterized in gastrointestinal carcinogenesis, but not in hepatocarcinogenesis. To address the issue, we analyzed 55 Japanese hepatocellular carcinomas using several indicators of DNA MMR defects, such as microsatellite analysis, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and mutation analysis of MMR genes, methylation of hMLH1 promoter, and frameshift mutations of mononucleotide repeat sequences within possible target genes. Mutation of beta2-microglobulin gene, which is presumably involved in MSI-positive tumor cell escape from immune surveillance was also examined. Some of these analyses were also carried out in 9 human liver cancer cell lines. None of the 3 quasi-monomorphic mononucleotide markers sensitive for MSI, BAT26, BAT25, and BAT34C4 presented shortened unstable alleles in any of the carcinoma, cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis tissues, or cell lines. LOH at MMR genes was infrequent (4.4 approximately 7.1%), and no mutations were detected. Neither hMLH1 hypermethylation nor frameshift mutation in the target genes was detected. No mutations were found in beta2-microglobulin. Widespread MSI due to the defective DNA MMR appears to play little if any part in Japanese hepatocarcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, South-1, West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fukushima
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaneto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohmura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Karino
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Toyota
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Imai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D020137:Base Pair Mismatch; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000235:genetics* / Q000821:virology; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000821:virology; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D008875:Middle Aged