title: Bladder neck reconstruction in classic bladder exstrophy: the role of osteotomy in the development of continence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the role of osteotomy at the time of bladder neck reconstruction (BNR) for continence in classic bladder exstrophy, in which closure of the pelvic ring and reconstitution of the pelvic diaphragm may affect eventual continence.
  
  
  METHODS
  The results of using osteotomy at the time of BNR in 29 children were reviewed. The mean bladder capacity before BNR was 76 mL. The indications for osteotomy were a wide pubic diastasis and a soft intersymphyseal bar. After osteotomy, all children were maintained in external fixation and lower-extremity traction for 6-8 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complications of osteotomy were limited to a partial femoral nerve palsy (one patient) and delayed union of fragments (one patient). Complications of BNR included urethral stricture (five patients) and bladder calculi (six patients). Continence results were modest, with 11 of 29 children (38%) dry during the day (dry interval >3 h) and eight of 29 (28%) dry at night. Eight children had daytime dry intervals of approximately 3 h. The mean preoperative bladder capacity in children who were dry both day and night was 101 mL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The preoperative bladder capacity remains a key determinant for the attainment of continence after BNR in the reconstruction of classic bladder exstrophy. Osteotomy allows pelvic closure and thus improves cosmesis of the mons and stabilizes the BNR in patients with a soft intersymphyseal bar, but seems to have no effect on continence when performed at the time of bladder neck plasty.
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Pediatric Urology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287-2101, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mathews
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Sponseller
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Jeffs
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Gearhart
mesh_terms: D001746:Bladder Exstrophy / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000379:methods*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000601:surgery*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000601:surgery