title: The free gingival graft combined with the frenectomy: a clinical review.
abstract: Abnormal labial frena are capable of retracting gingival margins, creating diastemas, and limiting lip movement. When these frena are present, the traditional frenectomy alone generally is successful. However, when the frenulum is extensive, the possibility of coronal reformation exists. Several procedures have combined the frenectomy with either a lateral pedicle flap, free papilla graft, or free gingival (mucosal) graft taken from the palate. Three case reports demonstrate the continued efficacy of the traditional palatal free gingival graft when the patient has an extensive frenulum or an area of minimal esthetic concern is involved.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Army Dental Activity, Fort Wainwright, AK, USA.
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Breault
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Fowler
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Murray
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003832:Denture, Partial, Removable; D005881:Gingiva / Q000637:transplantation*; D005889:Gingival Recession / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008035:Lingual Frenum / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla; D013516:Oral Surgical Procedures, Preprosthetic