title: Effects of modified orthography on the identification of printed words.
abstract: Research has shown that instructional methods involving pairing pictures with print interfere with identification of written words. Preliminary evidence, however, indicates that use of modified orthography (where a line drawing is superimposed upon the printed word) may be effective for reading instruction with individuals who have mental retardation. In the present study, we used a single-subject parallel treatments design with 4 adults who had moderate to severe mental retardation. They received reading instruction under two conditions--traditional and modified orthography. Results showed that traditional orthography was a more effective method for word identification. The relative advantage of modified orthography over traditional orthography for individuals with mental retardation was not supported.
authors.affiliation: Purdue University, Dept. of Educational Studies, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1446, USA. lpufpaff@purdue.edu
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Pufpaff
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Blischak
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Lloyd
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001245:Association Learning; D001288:Attention; D004193:Discrimination Learning; D004495:Education of Persons with Intellectual Disabilities; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D011932:Reading; D014706:Verbal Learning