title: Sympathectomy potentiates the vasoconstrictor response to nitric oxide synthase inhibition in humans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nitric oxide exerts its cardiovascular actions at least in part by modulation of the sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone. There is increasing evidence that nitric oxide inhibits central neural sympathetic outflow, and preliminary evidence suggests that it may also modulate peripheral sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone.
  
  
  METHODS
  To test this latter concept, in six subjects having undergone thoracic sympathectomy for hyperhydrosis, we compared the vascular responses to systemic L-NMMA infusion (1 mg/kg/min over 10 min) in the innervated and the denervated limb. We also studied vascular responses to the infusion of the non-nitric-oxide-dependent vasoconstrictor phenylephrine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  L-NMMA infusion evoked a roughly 3-fold larger increase in vascular resistance in the denervated forearm than in the innervated calf. In the denervated forearm, vascular resistance increased by 58 +/- 10 percent (mean +/- SE), whereas in the innervated calf it increased only by 21 +/- 6 percent (P < 0.01, forearm vs. calf). This augmented vasoconstrictor response was specific for L-NMMA, and not related to augmented non-specific vasoconstrictor responsiveness secondary to sympathectomy, because phenylephrine infusion increased vascular resistance similarly in the denervated forearm and the innervated calf (by 24 +/- 7, and 29 +/- 8 percent, respectively). The augmented vasoconstrictor response was related specifically to denervation, because in control subjects, the vasoconstrictor responses to L-NMMA were comparable in the forearm and the calf.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that in the absence of sympathetic innervation, the vasoconstrictor responses to nitric oxide synthase inhibition are augmented.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lepori
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sartori
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Duplain
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nicod
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Scherrer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001120:Arginine; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000098:blood supply; D006801:Humans; D006945:Hyperhidrosis / Q000601:surgery; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply; D008297:Male; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D010656:Phenylephrine; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects; D013562:Sympathectomy; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects*; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D010656:Phenylephrine; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine; D001120:Arginine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase