title: Steroid withdrawal in pancreas transplant recipients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Numerous studies of steroid withdrawal have been carried out in kidney and liver transplant recipients, but only a few in pancreas transplant recipients. Yet, pancreas transplant recipients could have significant long-term benefits from steroid withdrawal.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective analysis to determine the feasibility of steroid withdrawal in pancreas transplant recipients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 360 recipients who underwent a pancreas transplant between January 1, 1994 and June 30, 1998, 14 attempted steroid withdrawal (12 simultaneous pancreas-kidney [SPK]; 2 pancreas transplant alone [PTA]). Reasons for steroid withdrawal were bone fractures (n = 3), psychiatric disorders (n = 2), severe acne (n = 1), recurrent infections (n = 4), and problems with hypercholesterolemia or hypertension (n = 4). All 14 were maintained on tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) immunosuppression, except for 1 who was on tacrolimus and azathioprine (AZA). Of the 14 recipients, 11 had no episodes of acute rejection before steroid withdrawal. The remaining 3 had one or more acute rejection episodes. Of the 14 recipients, 10 (72%) currently remain off steroids (mean follow-up 18 months, range 5-51 months). However, 4 recipients have resumed steroids: 2 after an acute rejection episode (at 2 and 21 months post-withdrawal) and 2 because of leukopenia (WBC < 3000) and an inability to tolerate full-dose MMF. Steroid withdrawal was unsuccessful in both PTA recipients and in 2 of the 12 SPK recipients. All 14 recipients currently have a functioning pancreas graft. However, 1 of the SPK recipients, in whom steroid withdrawal failed, has developed chronic kidney rejection and is now back on hemodialysis awaiting a retransplant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Steroid withdrawal is possible in up to 70% of pancreas transplant recipients. Further studies are necessary to define ideal candidates for steroid withdrawal. Based on the results of this analysis, we have launched a prospective, randomized trial of steroid withdrawal in pancreas transplant recipients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Humar
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Parr
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Drangstveit
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kandaswamy
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Gruessner
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Sutherland
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016035:Pancreas Transplantation; D011241:Prednisone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D011241:Prednisone; D008775:Methylprednisolone