title: Bloodstream infections due to Candida species: SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program in North America and Latin America, 1997-1998.
abstract: An international program of surveillance of bloodstream infections (BSI) in the United States, Canada, and Latin America detected 306 episodes of candidemia in 34 medical centers (22 in the United States, 6 in Canada, and 6 in Latin America) in 1997 and 328 episodes in 34 medical centers (22 in the United States, 5 in Canada, and 7 in Latin America) in 1998. Of the 634 BSI, 54.3% were due to Candida albicans, 16.4% were due to C. glabrata, 14.9% were due to C. parapsilosis, 8.2% were due to C. tropicalis, 1.6% were due to C. krusei, and 4.6% were due to other Candida spp. The percentage of BSI due to C. albicans decreased very slightly in the United States between 1997 and 1998 (56.2 to 54.4%; P = 0.68) and increased in both Canada (52.6 to 70.1%; P = 0.05) and Latin America (40.5 to 44. 6%; P = 0.67). C. glabrata was the second most common species observed overall, and the percentage of BSI due to C. glabrata increased in all three geographic areas between 1997 and 1998. C. parapsilosis was the third most prevalent BSI isolate in both Canada and Latin America, accounting for 7.0 and 18.5% of BSI, respectively. Resistance to fluconazole (MIC, >/=64 microgram/ml) and itraconazole (MIC, >/=1.0 microgram/ml) was observed infrequently in both 1997 (2.3 and 8.5%, respectively) and 1998 (1.5 and 7.6%, respectively). Among the different species of Candida, resistance to fluconazole and itraconazole was observed in C. glabrata and C. krusei, whereas isolates of C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis were all highly susceptible to both fluconazole (98.9 to 100% susceptible) and itraconazole (96.4 to 100% susceptible). Isolates from Canada and Latin America were generally more susceptible to both triazoles than U.S. isolates were. Continued surveillance appears necessary to detect these important changes.
authors.affiliation: Medical Microbiology Division, Department of Pathology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA. michael-pfaller@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pfaller
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: G V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Doern
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Sader
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Messer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Houston
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Coffman
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Hollis
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D002175:Candida / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects*; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D016469:Fungemia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D007843:Latin America / Q000453:epidemiology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D018571:Sentinel Surveillance; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents