title: 123I-antileukoproteinase scintigraphy reveals microscopic cartilage alterations in the contralateral knee joint of rats with "monarticular" antigen-induced arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the involvement of the contralateral knee joint in monarticular antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) by scintigraphy with the cationic (pI >10), 123I-labeled, serine proteinase inhibitor antileukoproteinase (123I-ALP) and to compare the scintigraphic findings with those of radiography and high-resolution ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Lewis rats with chronic AIA were examined 2.5 months following arthritis induction (injection of 500 microg of methylated bovine serum albumin/saline into the ipsilateral [arthritic] knee joint and injection of phosphate buffered saline into the contralateral knee joint following systemic immunization). 123I-ALP was injected intravenously into normal rats (n = 4) or rats with AIA (n = 6). The ipsilateral and contralateral knee joints and both ankles were examined by scintigraphy and radiography. Joint cartilage was examined by high-resolution ex vivo MRI, histopathology, and measurement of tissue radioactivity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ALP accumulation (typically observed in normal articular cartilage) was lost in both the ipsilateral and the contralateral knee joints, but not in the clinically unaffected ankles of rats with AIA. In both knee joints, 123I-ALP target:background ratios and cartilage radioactivity correlated negatively with the loss of toluidine blue staining in cartilage, which documents the depletion of charged matrix molecules. Findings of histopathology confirmed mild alterations in the ipsilateral knee joint and even milder alterations in the contralateral knee joint, while the ankles were normal. Radiography and high-resolution ex vivo MRI failed to detect abnormalities in the contralateral knee joint.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Loss of ALP accumulation appears to document proteoglycan depletion, even in the microscopically altered cartilage of the contralateral knee joint in AIA. These findings underscore the high sensitivity of 123I-ALP for in vivo detection of biochemical cartilage alterations in arthritis, and furthermore, question the use of the contralateral knee joint as a normal control in AIA.
authors.affiliation: University of Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Burkhardt
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Palombo-Kinne
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gründer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bräuer
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Stiller
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kalden
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Kinne
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000941:Antigens; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood; D002356:Cartilage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005260:Female; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000737:chemistry / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D053491:Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D011859:Radiography; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors; D013997:Time Factors; D014048:Tolonium Chloride
chemical_list: D000941:Antigens; D001323:Autoantibodies; D004396:Coloring Agents; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D053491:Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory; D011506:Proteins; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors; D014048:Tolonium Chloride