title: A comparative study in Alzheimer's and normal brains of trace element distribution using PIXE and INA analyses and glucose metabolism by positron emission tomography.
abstract: The onset of Alzheimer's disease has been shown to affect trace element concentrations in the brain when compared to "normal" subjects in ex vivo samples. The techniques used to determine trace element concentrations were proton-induced X-ray emission and instrumental neutron activation analysis. With these methods, significant differences are seen between lobes within a hemisphere and between the same lobes of opposing hemispheres for "normal" brains. The change observed in trace element concentrations may indicate a possible alteration in the function of the blood-brain barrier, the effect of which can be investigated in vivo using the imaging technique of positron emission tomography (PET). A PET study was performed on nine female and nine male subjects to determine whether the regional metabolic rate of glucose (rCMRGlu) varied between hemispheres and sex in the Alzheimer diseased brain as was seen in the trace element study. Glucose metabolism was measured using [F-18]-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG). Hemispherical differences were observed for the frontal, occipital, parietal lobes, and the temporolateral region in both males and females for rCMRGlu. Variation was also seen between sexes, where the frontal lobe had a lower rCMRGlu in females compared to that of males.
authors.affiliation: Physics Department, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Cutts
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Maguire
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Stedman
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Leenders
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Spyrou
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009501:Neutron Activation Analysis; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014131:Trace Elements; D005947:Glucose