title: Intestinal perfusion during pneumoperitoneum with carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and nitric oxide during laparoscopic surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To find out what effect insufflation pressure and type of gas have on intestinal perfusion during pneumoperitoneum.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, controlled, prospective, experimental study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University affiliated animal experimental laboratory, Sweden.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fasted, anaesthetised, domestic pigs of both sexes operated on laparoscopically (n = 7, weight 26-31 kg).
  
  
  METHODS
  Insufflation of carbon dioxide (CO2), nitric oxide (NO), or nitrogen (N2) at intra-abdominal pressures of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mm Hg.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cardiac output, portal blood flow, and jejunal mucosal perfusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cardiac output decreased during N2 and NO (15, 20 mm Hg) but not during CO2 insufflation because of an accompanying tachycardia. Portal flow decreased during insufflation with N2 and NO (15, 20 mm Hg) and CO2 (20 mm Hg). Jejunal perfusion was reduced during N2 and NO insufflation (5-20 mm Hg) but remained unchanged during CO2 insufflation (5-20 mm Hg).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Insufflation with CO2 maintained jejunal mucosal perfusion, probably as a result of hypercarbia as N2 at equal pressures reduced mesenteric flow. The vasodilator NO provided no haemodynamic benefit.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aneman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Svensson
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Stenqvist
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dalenbäck
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lönnroth
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002302:Cardiac Output; D005260:Female; D005740:Gases; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D007327:Insufflation; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000098:blood supply*; D007583:Jejunum; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D009584:Nitrogen; D011028:Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial; D011169:Portal Vein / Q000502:physiology; D011312:Pressure; D012039:Regional Blood Flow
chemical_list: D005740:Gases; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D009584:Nitrogen