title: Tear and serum soluble leukocyte activation markers in conjunctival allergic diseases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure markers of leukocyte activation in patients with an exclusively ocular inflammatory or bacterial disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Neutrophil myeloperoxidase, eosinophil cationic protein, eosinophil neurotoxin, and soluble interleukin-2 receptor were measured in serum and tears of 17 patients with allergic vernal keratoconjunctivitis, seven with atopic keratoconjunctivitis, 11 with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, seven with giant papillary conjunctivitis, 13 with rosacea blepharokeratoconjunctivitis, seven with bacterial conjunctivitis, and 13 normal subjects as controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In serum of patients with vernal and atopic keratoconjunctivitis, levels of eosinophil cationic protein, eosinophil neurotoxin, and interleukin-2 receptor were significantly increased compared with control subjects but were not correlated with the severity of ocular symptoms. In tears of patients with vernal and atopic keratoconjunctivitis and seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, as well as in the nonallergic diseases, rosacea blepharokeratoconjunctivitis and bacterial conjunctivitis, levels of eosinophil cationic protein, neurotoxin, and interleukin-2 receptor were significantly increased compared with control subjects. The highest values of these markers were found in vernal keratoconjunctivitis samples. Neutrophil myeloperoxidase was significantly increased in vernal and atopic keratoconjunctivitis, rosacea blepharokeratoconjunctivitis, and bacterial conjunctivitis. In vernal keratoconjunctivitis, tear markers were correlated to the clinical score of the disease, but not with cytology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tear histamine was measured in 10 allergic patients after allergen challenge. Although none of the above markers can be considered specific to a single disease, their measurement may still be useful for the quantification of local cell activation in ocular inflammatory diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Physiopathological Optics, Hospital and University of Padova, Padua, Italy. mdvol@tin.it
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leonardi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Borghesan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Faggian
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Depaoli
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Secchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Plebani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D003233:Conjunctivitis, Allergic / Q000097:blood*; D003234:Conjunctivitis, Bacterial / Q000097:blood*; D047091:Eosinophil Granule Proteins; D047208:Eosinophil-Derived Neurotoxin; D005260:Female; D006632:Histamine / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D007637:Keratoconjunctivitis / Q000097:blood*; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D018375:Neutrophil Activation; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000201:enzymology; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D012260:Ribonucleases; D013666:Tears / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001798:Blood Proteins; D047091:Eosinophil Granule Proteins; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D011506:Proteins; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2; D006632:Histamine; D009195:Peroxidase; D047208:Eosinophil-Derived Neurotoxin; D012260:Ribonucleases