title: The effect of endothelin-1 on lipopolysaccharide-induced cyclooxygenase 2 expression in association with prostaglandin E(2).
abstract: We demonstrated previously that endothelin-1 (10(-14) to 10(-8) M) promotes lipopolysaccharide-induced cyclooxygenase 2 expression and prostaglandin E(2) production through endothelin ET(B) receptors effects which are up-regulated by lipopolysaccharide. In the present study, we confirmed these findings and showed that prostaglandin E(2) (10(-6) to 10(-5) M) inhibited the lipopolysaccharide plus endothelin-1-induced cyclooxygenase 2 expression more profoundly as compared to its inhibition of the lipopolysaccharide-induced cyclooxygenase 2 expression. The endothelin ET(B) receptor selective antagonist, N-cis-2, 6-dimethylpiperidino-carbonyl-L-gamma-methyl-leucyl-D-L-methoxy carbon yl-tryptophanyl-D-norleucine (BQ788), partly inhibited this suppression. Interestingly, the expression of endothelin ET(B) receptors in macrophages was increased by lipopolysaccharide plus prostaglandin E(2) (10(-8) to 10(-5) M) about 1.6-fold compared with that evoked by lipopolysaccharide stimulation alone. We also showed that treatment with endothelin-1 at 10(-14) M (15 min) elevated an intracellular cyclic AMP concentration in macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide or lipopolysaccharide plus prostaglandin E(2) (10(-6) M) for 6 h, and the elevation in the latter cells was more pronounced. These results suggested that endothelin-1 shows an opposite modulation of lipopolysaccharide-induced cyclooxygenase 2 expression in macrophages through endothelin ET(B) receptors, depending on the level of extracellular prostaglandin E(2), and the changes of intracellular cyclic AMP by endothelin-1 may be involved in this mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Nara Medical University, 840 Schijocho, Kashihara, Nara, Japan. keijishi@nmu-g.w.cc.naramed-u-ac.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kita
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yonetani
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suzumura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakashima
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D044023:Receptor, Endothelin B; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D019332:Endothelin-1; D004731:Endotoxins; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009842:Oligopeptides; D010880:Piperidines; D044023:Receptor, Endothelin B; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin; C086539:BQ 788; C044101:endotoxin, Escherichia coli; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D015232:Dinoprostone