title: Auto-disable syringes for immunization: issues in technology transfer.
abstract: WHO and its partners recommend the use of auto-disable syringes, "bundled" with the supply of vaccines when donor dollars are used, in all mass immunization campaigns, and also strongly advocate their use in routine immunization programmes. Because of the relatively high price of auto-disable syringes, WHO's Technical Network for Logistics in Health recommends that activities be initiated to encourage the transfer of production technology for these syringes as a means of promoting their use and enhancing access to the technology. The present article examines factors influencing technology transfer, including feasibility, corporate interest, cost, quality assurance, intellectual property considerations, and probable time frames for implementation. Technology transfer activities are likely to be complex and difficult, and may not result in lower prices for syringes. Guidelines are offered on technology transfer initiatives for auto-disable syringes to ensure the quality of the product, the reliability of the supply, and the feasibility of the technology transfer activity itself.
authors.affiliation: World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lloyd
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Milstien
mesh_terms: D004209:Disposable Equipment / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008389:Marketing of Health Services; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care; D012449:Safety; D013594:Syringes / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards; D018581:Technology Transfer