title: The relationship between nystagmus and surgical outcome in congenital esotropia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Congenital esotropia is often associated with congenital nystagmus. This study examines the relationship between the presence of nystagmus and surgical outcome in the treatment of patients with congenital esotropia.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this institutional retrospective study, we reviewed the charts of 200 consecutive patients who underwent surgical correction for congenital esotropia between 1991 and 1995. Preoperative clinical characteristics and subsequent need for additional strabismus surgery for a residual or consecutive deviation were noted. Minimum follow-up was 6 months after the original operation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 84 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 15 patients (18%) had latent or manifest latent nystagmus, and 69 patients (82%) had no nystagmus. Eight of the 15 patients with nystagmus had or required reoperation according to our criteria (53%). Nineteen of the 69 patients (28%) without nystagmus had or required reoperation (P =.155).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nystagmus, when associated with congenital esotropia, may increase the risk of requiring additional strabismus surgery for residual or consecutive deviations. Appropriate and complete preoperative counseling of patients with congenital esotropia who also have nystagmus should include this increased risk.
authors.affiliation: Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Sprunger
authors.forename: B N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Wasserman
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Stidham
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D018450:Disease Progression; D004948:Esotropia / Q000151:congenital* / Q000601:surgery*; D005133:Eye Movements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D020417:Nystagmus, Congenital / Q000150:complications*; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity