title: Correlation of clinical score, intrapleural pressure, cytologic findings of bronchoalveolar fluid, and histopathologic lesions of pulmonary tissue in horses with summer pasture-associated obstructive pulmonary disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To correlate clinical score, intrapleural pressure, cytologic findings of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and histologic lesions of pulmonary tissue in horses affected with summer pasture-associated obstructive pulmonary disease (SPAOPD).
  
  
  METHODS
  8 adult horses affected with SPAOPD and 6 adult horses without evidence of respiratory tract disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical score, change in intrapleural pressure (deltaPpl) during tidal breathing, results of cytologic examination and bacteriologic culture of BALF, and results of histologic examination of pulmonary parenchyma were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical scores for SPAOPD-affected horses (median, 5.75; range, 4.0 to 7.5) were significantly greater, compared with clinically normal horses (median, 2.0; range, 2.0 to 3.0). Cytologic examination of BALF from SPAOPD-affected horses revealed predominantly nondegenerate neutrophils. Histologic lesions were identified throughout pulmonary tissue and included severe accumulation of mucus and neutrophils within the small airways, metaplasia of bronchiolar goblet cells, and mild peribronchial infiltrate. Histologic examination of specimens collected via percutaneous biopsy was predictive of disease and corresponded to findings at postmortem examination. Clinical score and deltaPpl were highly correlated with mucus accumulation in the airways of affected horses. Peribronchial inflammatory infiltrate correlated with percentage of neutrophils in BALF of affected horses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical scoring and deltaPpl provided valid estimates of disease severity. Findings from cytologic examination of BALF of SPAOPD-affected horses varied, although, in most instances, it was diagnostically useful. Severe mucus accumulation in the airways was the most remarkable histopathologic finding in SPAOPD-affected horses. Examination of biopsy specimens collected from pulmonary parenchyma was consistently useful in diagnosing SPAOPD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70803, USA.
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Seahorn
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Gaunt
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Beadle
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000473:pathology; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006736:Horses; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000473:pathology; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology*; D008173:Lung Diseases, Obstructive / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000473:pathology; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000473:pathology; D010994:Pleura / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006109:Poaceae / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011312:Pressure