title: The efficacy of habituation in decreasing subjective distress among high anxiety-sensitive college students.
abstract: While there is mounting evidence that the concept of anxiety sensitivity (AS) is linked to the expression of anxiety (specifically, panic), there has been little research comparing the efficacy of interoceptive exposure alone with interoceptive exposure coupled with cognitive restructuring among high AS participants. The present investigation addressed this issue in a sample of high anxiety-sensitive college students (scores above 29 on the Anxiety Sensitivity Index). Participants were randomly assigned to receive either five consecutive trials of voluntary hyperventilation or five consecutive trials of hyperventilation with cognitive restructuring instructions. It was expected that while repeated hyperventilation would be associated with a significant reduction in self-reported anxiety, catastrophic cognitions, and somatic sensations across trials, the greatest reduction in symptoms would occur with the addition of cognitive restructuring. These predictions were partially supported. As expected, high AS participants evidenced significant decreases in anxiety symptoms when habituation was accompanied by cognitive restructuring. Contrary to predictions, however, interoceptive exposure alone was not effective in reducing anxious symptoms. These results suggest that brief habituation alone may not be an effective strategy for high AS participants and are discussed as providing further support for a cognitive model of anxiety.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, American University, Washington, DC 20016-8062, USA.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: N W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Marin
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Murrell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D001143:Arousal; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003887:Desensitization, Psychologic; D005260:Female; D006185:Habituation, Psychophysiologic; D006801:Humans; D006985:Hyperventilation / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D010200:Panic; D010555:Personality Inventory; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome