title: Microbiologic survey of long-term care facilities.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We undertook a microbiologic survey of long-term care facilities to categorize bacteria found in cultures of residents. Culture and sensitivity data were collected on 566 samples from indwelling bladder catheters, percutaneous gastrostomy tubes, nares, stool, wounds, pressure ulcers, and tracheostomies in 25 Nebraska and Iowa facilities. Information was also collected on resident factors (eg, presence of indwelling urinary catheter, prior antibiotic administration) and institutional variables (eg, number of beds, nosocomial infection rates).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 478 gram-negative isolates, the leading organisms being Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. There were 221 gram-positive isolates, the most frequently seen of which were enterococci and Staphylococcus aureus. Of the 442 residents sampled in the study, 168 (38%) were taking, or had within the previous month been taking, a systemic antibiotic. Quinolones were the most frequently prescribed antibiotic class. The institutional prevalence of urinary catheterization averaged 6.7%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant antibiotic pressure exists in long-term care facilities, a fact that is reflected in antibiotic resistance patterns. A variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were found in nursing home culture specimens.
authors.affiliation: Nebraska Infection Control Network and the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5400, USA.
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Seip
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Schaefer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bell-Dixon
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000009:adverse effects; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D004866:Equipment Contamination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D005774:Gastrostomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D017053:Infection Control / Q000379:methods*; D007484:Iowa; D008297:Male; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology; D009329:Nebraska; D015995:Prevalence; D012866:Skilled Nursing Facilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014139:Tracheostomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation; D014556:Urine / Q000382:microbiology; D014946:Wound Infection / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology