title: Estrogen up-regulates Bcl-2 and blocks tolerance induction of naive B cells.
abstract: Sex hormones are presumed to contribute to sexual dimorphism in the immune system. Estrogen, in particular, has been suggested to predispose women to systemic lupus erythematosus. We report here that estradiol (E(2)) can break B cell tolerance and induce a lupus-like phenotype in nonautoimmune mice transgenic for the heavy chain of a pathogenic anti-DNA antibody. E(2) treatment resulted in a rise in anti-DNA serum titers and in Ig deposition in renal glomeruli. ELISPOT analysis confirmed a significant increase in the number of high-affinity anti-DNA antibody-secreting B cells in the spleens of E(2)-treated mice. Hybridomas generated from E(2)-treated mice express high-affinity, unmutated anti-DNA antibodies, indicating that naive B cells that are normally deleted or anergized are rescued from tolerance induction. Finally, immunohistochemical studies revealed increased Bcl-2 expression in splenic B cells of E(2)-treated mice. These data demonstrate that estrogen interferes with tolerance induction of naive autoreactive B cells and that the presence of these B cells in the periphery is associated with up-regulation of Bcl-2.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Bynoe
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Grimaldi
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Diamond
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000915:Antibody Affinity; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D001483:Base Sequence; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006825:Hybridomas / Q000276:immunology; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007145:Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains / Q000235:genetics; D007668:Kidney / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D013154:Spleen / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D007145:Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D004958:Estradiol; D004247:DNA