title: Anticardiolipin and anti-beta2GPI antibodies in a large series of European patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Prevalence and clinical associations. European Concerted Action on the Immunogenetics of SLE.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the prevalences and the clinical associations of anticardiolipin (aCL) and anti-beta2GPI (abeta2GPI) antibodies in a large series of European patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
  
  
  METHODS
  574 SLE patients from 7 European countries were tested for aCL and abeta2GPI by ELISA methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  aCL of IgG, IgM, and IgA isotypes were detected in 22.8%, 14%, and 13.9% of the patients, respectively. IgG and IgM abeta2GPI were detected in 20% of the patients. The presence of aCL was highly associated with the presence of abeta2GPI. Medium-high titer IgG aCL and abeta2GPI were associated with thrombosis, with similar sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value. When present at medium-high titer, IgG aCL were associated with thrombocytopenia, IgM aCL with hemolytic anemia, and cerebrovascular accidents. IgA aCL with livedo reticularis and Raynaud's phenomenon.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  aCL, when present at medium-high titer, are as important as abeta2GPI, as a risk factor for thrombosis. Medium-high titer aCL, but not abeta2GPI, are associated with other clinical features of the antiphospholipid syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Divisione di Reumatologia, Ospedale San Camillo, Roma Italy.
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Sebastiani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galeazzi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tincani
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Piette
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Font
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Allegri
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mathieu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smolen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de Ramon Garrido
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Nebro
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jedryka-Goral
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Papasteriades
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Morozzi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bellisai
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: De Pitá
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marcolongo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin / Q000032:analysis*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000032:analysis; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000032:analysis; D007518:Isoantibodies / Q000145:classification; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I
chemical_list: D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin; D006023:Glycoproteins; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D007518:Isoantibodies; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I