title: Nephrocalcinosis in premature infants: variability in ultrasound detection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure variability among radiologists in the ultrasound diagnosis of nephrocalcinosis in premature infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective multicenter study, renal ultrasounds were performed on 54 very low birth weight infants using a 5.0- and 7.5-MHz transducer, and these ultrasounds were read independently by three radiologists. kappa coefficients were calculated to assess variability in identification of nephrocalcinosis among the radiologists.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The kappa coefficient (+/- confidence intervals) using a 5.0-MHz transducer was 0.143 (0.108, 0.178); using the 7.5-MHz transducer, the kappa coefficient was 0.268 (0.243, 0.293). All three radiologists agreed in their identification of nephrocalcinosis on 3 of 54 ultrasounds using a 5.0-MHz transducer; a total of 6 of 54 ultrasounds obtained using a 7.5-MHz transducer were read as positive by all three radiologists.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is significant variability among radiologists in the ultrasound identification of nephrocalcinosis in premature infants; a 7.5-MHz ultrasound transducer is associated with less variability in recognizing this lesion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA 01199, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Campfield
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Bednarek
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pappagallo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hampf
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ziewacz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wellman
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rockwell
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Braden
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Flynn-Valone
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Neylan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pangan
mesh_terms: D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D009397:Nephrocalcinosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015588:Observer Variation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography