title: Shuttle-box avoidance learning in mice: improvement by glucose combined with stimulant drugs.
abstract: Glucose was tested alone or in combination with two stimulant drugs, amphetamine and nicotine, in mice of the CD-1 strain subjected to five daily shuttle-box training sessions. Pretraining intraperitoneal administration of glucose (50 or 100 mg/kg) had no effect, while amphetamine and nicotine, given alone, significantly improved avoidance acquisition at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg, but not 0.025 mg/kg. Significant improvement of avoidance learning was also produced by a combination of glucose with the lower dose of amphetamine or nicotine. This enhancing action, produced by a combination of glucose and stimulant drugs, at doses ineffective by themselves, might be due to a concomitant cholinergic and dopaminergic activation, induced by glucose and stimulant drugs, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Psicobiologia e Psicofarmacologia, CNR, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sansone
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Battaglia
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pavone
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003214:Conditioning, Classical / Q000187:drug effects; D003913:Dextroamphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005950:Glucose Solution, Hypertonic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D009538:Nicotine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009949:Orientation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D005950:Glucose Solution, Hypertonic; D009538:Nicotine; D003913:Dextroamphetamine