title: [Methodology for analyzing censored correlated data: application of marginal and frailty approaches in human genetics. The European Community Alport Syndrome Concerted Action Group (ECASCA)].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Statistical analysis for correlated censored data allows to study censored events in clustered structure designs. Considering a possible correlation among failure times of the same group, standard methodology is no longer applicable. We investigated proposed models in this context to study familial data about a genetic disease, Alport syndrome. Alport syndrome is a severe hereditary disease due to abnormal collagenous chains. Renal failure is the main symptom of the disease. It progresses toward end-stage renal failure (IRT) according to a high time variability. As shown by genetic studies, mutations of COL4A5 gene are involved in the X-linked Alport Syndrome. Due to the large range of the mutation types, the aim of this study was to search for a possible genetic origin of the heterogeneity of the disease severity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Marginal survival models and mixed effects survival models (so-called frailty models) were proposed to take into account the possible non independence of the observations. In this study, time until end-stage renal failure is a rightly censored end point. Possible intra-familial correlations due to shared environmental and/or genetic factors could induce dependence among familial failure times. In this paper, we fit marginal and frailty proportional hazards models to evaluate the effect of mutation type on the risk of IRT and an interfamilial heterogeneity of failure times.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, the use of these models allows to show the presence of an interfamilial heterogeneity of the failure times to IRT. Moreover, the results suggest that some mutation types are linked to a higher risk of fast evolution to IRT, which explains partially the interfamilial heterogeneity of the failure times.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This paper shows the interest of marginal and frailty models to evaluate the heterogeneity of censored responses and to study relationships between a censored criterion and covariables. This study puts forward the importance of characterizing the mutation at a molecular level to understand the relationship between genotype and phenotype.
authors.affiliation: Service de Biostatistique et d'Informatique Médicale, CHU Necker-Enfants Malades, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75743 Paris Cedex 15. albert@necker.fr
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Albert
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Jais
mesh_terms: D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D005823:Genetics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000235:genetics; D009154:Mutation; D016019:Survival Analysis