title: A randomized trial of nasopharyngeal-synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation versus nasopharyngeal continuous positive airway pressure in very low birth weight infants after extubation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To prospectively compare the incidence of respiratory failure in premature infants randomized to receive either nasopharyngeal continuous positive airway pressure (NPCPAP) or nasopharyngeal-synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (NP-SIMV) in the immediate postextubation period.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a prospective study of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants randomized at the time of extubation to receive either NPCPAP or NP-SIMV in a university-based level III neonatal intensive care unit. Statistical analysis were performed with the Mann-Whitney U test for continuous and ordinal variables, and with the chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 41 VLBW infants were studied; 19 were in the NPCPAP group, and 22 were in the NP-SIMV group. Respiratory failure after extubation in the NP-SIMV group was significantly lower that in the NPCPAP group (5% vs 37%, respectively (p = 0.016). No statistically significant differences between groups with regard to demographics, severity of initial illness and associated complications, time to extubation, ventilatory management before extubation, weight, age, or nutritional status at the time of extubation were noted.
authors.affiliation: Division of Newborn Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Los Angeles County-University of Southern California (USC) Medical Center, USC School of Medicine, CA 90033, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Friedlich
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lecart
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Posen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ramicone
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramanathan
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015300:Ventilator Weaning