title: Effects of mental stress on brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation in healthy normal individuals.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mental stress is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular events, possibly because of acute increases in endogenous catecholamines. Recently, brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation has been used for noninvasive assessment of macrovascular endothelial function. The effect of mental stress and its associated changes in sympathetic activation on brachial artery endothelium-dependent vasomotor tone in vivo remains unknown.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two-dimensional ultrasound was used to measure brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation before and after mental stress (provoked by a standard arithmetic challenge) in 21 healthy individuals (10 men, 11 women; average age 23.5 years). The flow stimulus resulted from a 3-minute cuff occlusion of distal forearm blood flow, causing distal hyperemia and a transient 2- to 3-fold increase in brachial artery blood flow on cuff release. During mental stress, heart rate increased on average by 29.6% and blood pressure increased on average by 17.9%. The sympathetic stimulus resulted in a 64% average increase in flow-mediated vasodilator response (P <.001). The enhanced vasodilator response during mental stress was similar for men and women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mental stress can have marked effects on endothelium-dependent, flow-mediated vasodilation in healthy, normal individuals. Similar studies in individuals with impaired endothelial function may further our understanding of the role of mental stress in the development of cardiovascular events.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Internal Medicine/Cardiology and Neurology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1045, USA.
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baruch
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Riley
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Pusser
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Rejeski
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Herrington
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D008297:Male; D011340:Problem Solving / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D012737:Sex Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology*