title: Effect of plasma exchange on serum tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 and cytokine concentrations in patients with fulminant hepatitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study assessed whether the serum concentrations of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) and cytokines are altered in patients with fulminant hepatitis and whether plasma exchange affects these concentrations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen patients with fulminant hepatitis, 14 patients with severe acute hepatitis, and 20 healthy controls were included in this study. The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), interleukin 6 (IL-6), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), and TIMP-1 were determined in all patients upon hospital admission and before and after a single course of plasma exchange in the patients with fulminant hepatitis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten out of the 15 patients with fulminant hepatitis and all patients with severe acute hepatitis survived. Serum TNF-alpha, IL-6, TGF-beta, and TIMP-1 levels in patients with fulminant hepatitis were significantly higher than the levels in patients with severe acute hepatitis (p < 0.01). IL-1beta was not detectable in either group. Plasma exchange reduced the increased serum concentrations of TNF-alpha, IL-6, TGF-beta, and TIMP-1 in patients with fulminant hepatitis (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that increased serum levels of TIMP-1 and cytokines may reflect severe hepatic inflammation and that plasma exchange is an effective therapy to reduce these levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Misato Junshin Hospital, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ushiyama
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ebihara
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzaki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koide
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D006505:Hepatitis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D017093:Liver Failure / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010951:Plasma Exchange / Q000592:standards*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000097:blood*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha