title: Disulfide formation in bovine zona pellucida glycoproteins during fertilization: evidence for the involvement of cystine cross-linkages in hardening of the zona pellucida.
abstract: The time for solubilization of the bovine zona pellucida in a hypotonic buffer containing 5% (v/v) beta-mercaptoethanol and 7 mol urea l-1 increased by 10% after fertilization. Coupling with a specific fluorescent thiol probe, monobromobimane (mBBr), was markedly greater in the zona pellucida of ovarian eggs compared with fertilized eggs, indicating that the cysteine residues in the zona pellucida of unfertilized eggs are oxidized to cystines during fertilization. After endo-beta-galactosidase digestion to remove N-acetyllactosamine repeats of the carbohydrate chains, three zona pellucida glycoproteins (ZPA, ZPB and ZPC) coupled with the fluorescent bimane groups were fractionated efficiently by reverse-phase HPLC. Estimation of bimane groups in the three components and SDS-PAGE revealed that intramolecular disulfide bonds in ZPA and intra- and intermolecular disulfide bonds in ZPB were formed during fertilization, but oxidation of cysteine residues in ZPC was low. Specific proteolysis of ZPA during fertilization was also observed. These results indicate that the formation of disulfide linkages together with specific proteolysis result in the construction of a rigid zona pellucida structure, which is responsible for hardening of the zona pellucida.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiba University, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iwamoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yonezawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kudo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hamano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuwayama
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001643:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism*; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D003553:Cystine / Q000378:metabolism; D004220:Disulfides / Q000378:metabolism*; D004527:Egg Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005306:Fertilization / Q000502:physiology*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008858:Microscopy, Phase-Contrast; D013439:Sulfhydryl Reagents / Q000378:metabolism; D015044:Zona Pellucida / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001643:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds; D004220:Disulfides; D004527:Egg Proteins; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006023:Glycoproteins; D013439:Sulfhydryl Reagents; D003553:Cystine; C028381:monobromobimane