title: Medicine information help lines: a survey of hospital pharmacy-based services in the UK and their conformity with guidelines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the prevalence and nature of hospital pharmacy-based medicine help lines for consumers in the UK and to compare service provision with published guidelines.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Since 1992, telephone help lines for patients have proliferated in hospital pharmacies in the UK. There is no common template for such services with variations in target group, number and type of calls, and arrangements for training and audit. Data on these factors will help guide further development of such services.
  
  
  METHODS
  All medicine help lines operating from hospital pharmacies in the UK were identified through the national Drug Information Pharmacists network. They were sent a piloted questionnaire covering many aspects of help line operation, including funding, method of advertisement, procedures, target group, number and nature of calls, and audit procedures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-two help lines were identified in England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Completed responses were received from 69 help lines (84% response rate). The pharmacy drug information center was the help line site in 57% of hospitals; all other help lines were located in the dispensary. In 55% of cases, help lines were open only to patients of the hospital. In the remainder of help lines, calls from the public were answered (although the majority of help lines only advertised to hospital patients). Calls were answered by pharmacists only in 45% of services, and additional staff training had been provided in 43%. Only 48% of services had written procedures or guidelines for operation of the help line. Forty-six percent of the services received fewer than five calls per week, 31% received between five and 10 calls per week, and 22% received 11 or more calls per week. In 59% of the sites, calls took an average of 10 minutes or less to answer; it took 11-15 minutes in 32% of the sites and >15 minutes in 9% of the sites. The most common queries related to adverse effects, dosage and administration, and interactions (including alcohol). Only 33% of help lines had any auditing or monitoring of the service in place.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increasing use of the telephone to provide services directly to consumers is reflected in the growth of hospital-based medicine help lines in the UK. The telephone route is likely to become more important as patients' needs for information about their medicines increase. However, the rate of calls is low when compared with the number of patients issued prescriptions; further research is needed to investigate the reasons for this low response. There is currently reason for concern because most help lines lack not only professional training in telephone counseling, but also proper documentation, monitoring, and audit procedures.
authors.affiliation: Division of Academic Pharmacy Practice, School of Healthcare Studies, University of Leeds, UK. D.K.Raynor@leeds.ac.uk
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Raynor
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sharp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rattenbury
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Towler
mesh_terms: D004346:Drug Information Services / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D015277:Hotlines / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008330:Management Audit; D010607:Pharmacy Service, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D006113:United Kingdom