title: The 2.0 A structure of bovine interferon-gamma; assessment of the structural differences between species.
abstract: The structure of bovine interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) was determined by multiple isomorphous replacement at 2.0 A resolution. Bovine IFN-gamma crystallizes in two related crystal forms. Crystal form 1 diffracts to 2.9 A resolution and is reproducible and stable to derivatization. Crystal form 2 diffracts to 2.0 A resolution, but shows significant non-isomorphism from crystal to crystal. The previously determined structures of several different species of INF-gamma were either at too low a resolution [human, 1hig; Ealick et al. (1991), Science, 252, 698-702] or were too inaccurate [bovine, 1rfb; Samudzi & Rubin (1993), Acta Cryst. D49(6), 505-512; rabbit, 2rig; Samudzi et al. (1991), J. Biol. Chem. 266(32), 21791-21797] for the structure to be solved by molecular replacement. The structure was solved in crystal form 1 using two derivatives produced by chemically modifying two free cysteine residues that were introduced by site-directed mutagenesis (Ser30Cys, Asn59Cys). After model building and refinement, the final R value was 21.8% (R(free) = 30.9%) for all data in the resolution range 8.0-2.9 A. The crystal form 1 structure was then used as a molecular-replacement model for crystal form 2 data collected from a flash-cooled crystal. Subsequent model building and refinement, using all data in the resolution range 15.0-2.0 A, gave an R value of 19.7% and an R(free) of 27.5%. Pairwise comparison of C(alpha) positions of bovine IFN-gamma (BOV) and the previously determined 1rfb and 2rig structures indicated some significant differences in the models (r.m.s.d. values for BOV to 1rfb, 4.3 A; BOV to 2rig, 4.0 A). An assessment of the quality of the structures was made using the 3D-1D algorithm [Eisenberg et al. (1992), Faraday Discuss. 93, 25-34]. The resulting statistical scoring indicated that BOV was consistent with expected criteria for a 2.0 A structure, whereas both 1rfb and 2rig fell below acceptable criteria.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Group in Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94000, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Randal
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Kossiakoff
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003460:Crystallization; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D019281:Dimerization; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D051379:Mice; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D020836:Protein Structure, Quaternary; D011817:Rabbits; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D012756:Sheep; D013045:Species Specificity; D055672:Static Electricity; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D007371:Interferon-gamma