title: Comparison of tyrosine hydroxylase and preproenkephalin expression in rat adrenal medullary explants in vitro and transplanted into subarachnoid space.
abstract: When adrenal medullary cells are cultured in vitro, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA, preproenkephalin (PPEnk) mRNA, and methionine enkephalin (Mek) immunoreactivity was markedly increased compared with intact adrenal medullary cells in situ, suggesting an increased biosynthesis of catecholamines and enkephalin-containing peptides. In transplanted adrenal medullary cells in vivo, TH mRNA and TH immunoreactivity are still apparent for at least 1 year after transplantation, indicating continued capacity for catecholamine biosynthesis. PPEnk mRNA levels in surviving adrenal medullary grafted cells increased, particularly in the first week after transplantation, and remained above levels found in the intact adrenal gland for at least 1 year after transplantation. These results support other studies in our laboratory, suggesting that adrenal medullary transplants reduce pain by synthesis and secretion of both catecholamines and enkephalin-containing peptides. The differences in expression of TH mRNA and PPEnk mRNA in the adrenal medulla in situ, in explants in culture and in transplants in the spinal subarachnoid space, indicate that the mechanisms regulating the expression of neurohumoral factors depend upon environmental factors extrinsic to the medullary cells themselves.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60612, USA.
authors.forename: X T
authors.initials: XT
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Unnerstall
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ibuki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Pappas
mesh_terms: D000313:Adrenal Medulla / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000637:transplantation*; D000818:Animals; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004744:Enkephalin, Methionine / Q000032:analysis; D004745:Enkephalins / Q000235:genetics*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013346:Subarachnoid Space / Q000601:surgery; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines; D004745:Enkephalins; D011498:Protein Precursors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D004744:Enkephalin, Methionine; C033660:preproenkephalin; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase