title: Novel allosteric effectors of the tryptophan synthase alpha(2)beta(2) complex identified by computer-assisted molecular modeling.
abstract: Tryptophan synthase is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent alpha(2)beta(2) complex catalyzing the formation of L-tryptophan. The functional properties of one subunit are allosterically regulated by ligands of the other subunit. Molecules tailored for binding to the alpha-active site were designed using as a starting model the three-dimensional structure of the complex between the enzyme from Salmonella typhimurium and the substrate analog indole-3-propanol phosphate. On the basis of molecular dynamics simulations, indole-3-acetyl-X, where X is glycine, alanine, valine and aspartate, and a few other structurally related compounds were found to be good candidates for ligands of the alpha-subunit. The binding of the designed compounds to the alpha-active site was evaluated by measuring the inhibition of the alpha-reaction of the enzyme from Salmonella typhimurium. The inhibition constants were found to vary between 0.3 and 1.7 mM. These alpha-subunit ligands do not bind to the beta-subunit, as indicated by the absence of effects on the rate of the beta-reaction in the isolated beta(2) dimer. A small inhibitory effect on the activity of the alpha(2)beta(2) complex was caused by indole-3-acetyl-glycine and indole-3-acetyl-aspartate whereas a small stimulatory effect was caused by indole-3-acetamide. Furthermore, indole-3-acetyl-glycine, indole-3-acetyl-aspartate and indole-3-acetamide perturb the equilibrium of the catalytic intermediates formed at the beta-active site, stabilizing the alpha-aminoacrylate Schiff base. These results indicate that (i) indole-3-acetyl-glycine, indole-3-acetyl-aspartate and indole-3-acetamide bind to the alpha-subunit and act as allosteric effectors whereas indole-3-acetyl-valine and indole-3-acetyl-alanine only bind to the alpha-subunit, and (ii) the terminal phosphate present in the already known allosteric effectors of tryptophan synthase is not strictly required for the transmission of regulatory signals.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemical Sciences, University of Parma, 43100, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marabotti
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cozzini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mozzarelli
mesh_terms: D000494:Allosteric Regulation; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D003198:Computer Simulation; D008958:Models, Molecular; D011487:Protein Conformation; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium; D014367:Tryptophan Synthase / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D014367:Tryptophan Synthase