title: Quantifying the 'appleness' or 'pearness' of the human body by subcutaneous adipose tissue distribution.
abstract: To quantify subcutaneous adipose tissue topography (SAT-Top) describing individual SAT distribution for a subject or even a group we measured subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness at 15 specified body sites of 303 healthy women aged 20-69 yrs and 20 women with proven non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) by the optical device 'LIPOMETER'. The type of upper-body- and lower-body-fat pattern, (apples or pears), was determined by factor analysis of the data. Upper body sites were highly loaded in factor 1, whereas factor 2 included highly loaded body sites from the lower extremities. For an individual, factor 1 scores > factor 2 scores, was described as an 'apple'-type, while factor 2 > factor 1 was described as a 'pear'-type. We found about 80% 'pears' and 20% 'apples' in 20-29 year olds and 20% 'pears' and 80% 'apples' in 60-69 year old women. Women with NIDDM tended to be 'super-apples'. SAT-Top provides a useful differentiation between apples and pears and we recommend this approach as a screening method.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Chemistry and Pregl Laboratory, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Austria. erwin.tafeit@kfunigraz.ac.at
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Möller
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tafeit
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sudi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reibnegger
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000886:Anthropometry; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D013008:Somatotypes