title: Günther Tulip filter: preliminary clinical experience with retrieval.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Günther Tulip filter is a permanent filter that has a hook to permit retrieval. The authors report their preliminary clinical evaluation of the filter with regard to feasibility and safety of retrieval.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine men and six women who ranged in age from 17 to 79 years (mean, 51 years) underwent treatment with use of the Günther Tulip filter. Patients judged to require caval interruption for < 14 days were selected to receive the filter and retrieval was planned for all patients. Indications for filter placement were: recent pulmonary embolism (PE) or proximal deep vein thrombosis (DVT) with a contraindication to anticoagulation (11 patients), massive PE treated with thrombolytic therapy (one patient), PE with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (one patient), and prophylaxis after major trauma (two patients). Patients were followed for inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis, bleeding, and recurrent DVT or PE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all nine patients in whom it was attempted, the filter was successfully snared and retrieved via a jugular approach. The mean implantation period was 8.6 days (range, 5-13 days). Retrieval required 2.2-13 minutes (mean 5.3 minutes) of fluoroscopy. No caval injuries occurred as a result of retrieval. All retrieved filters had strands of organized thrombus on the filter struts. The patients were followed for 52-285 days (mean, 115 days) after retrieval. One patient developed a recurrent DVT 230 days after retrieval. No other patients developed a recurrent DVT and no patients developed IVC thrombosis, bleeding, or PE. Six filters were not retrieved: five because of an ongoing contraindication to anticoagulation and one because the patient died of causes unrelated to the filter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This preliminary study confirms the feasibility and safety of retrieval of the Günther Tulip filter up to 13 days after implantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada. smillward@civich.ottawa.on.ca
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Millward
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhargava
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aquino
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Veinot
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bormanis
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Wells
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004867:Equipment Design; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D012449:Safety; D016306:Vena Cava Filters / Q000009:adverse effects; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging