title: Postural hypotension following N-type Ca2+ channel blockade is amplified in experimental hypertension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relative importance of the cardiac and vascular sympathetic components of the orthostatic response to 90 degrees head-up tilt after N-type calcium-channel blockade in normotensive (sham renal cellophane wrap) and hypertensive (renal wrap) conscious rabbits.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects of N-type calcium-channel blockade with omega-conotoxin GVIA (omega-CTX, 10 microg/kg i.v. bolus) were assessed in the absence or presence of cardiac block by propranolol and methscopolamine. These were contrasted with the effects of alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonism (prazosin 0.5 mg/kg i.v. bolus, in the presence of cardiac block) or ganglion blockade (mecamylamine 4 mg/kg i.v. bolus).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vehicle (0.9% saline) treatment groups, the response to tilt consisted of a small pressor effect (4 +/- 2 and 7 +/- 1 mmHg) and tachycardia (29 +/- 6 and 17 +/- 6 beats/min) in sham (n = 6) and wrap (n = 5) rabbits, respectively. After prazosin administration (with cardiac block), there were significant falls in MAP of 3 +/- 1 and 7 +/- 2 mmHg in sham (n = 7) and wrap (n = 6) rabbits, respectively, in response to tilt omega-CTX caused postural hypotensive responses of 8 +/- 2 and 13 +/- 2 mmHg in sham (n = 6) and wrap (n = 7) rabbits, respectively, and 7 +/- 1 and 14 +/- 2 mmHg in sham (n = 7) and wrap (n = 7) rabbits with prior cardiac block. Similarly, mecamylamine caused falls in MAP of 8 +/- 1 and 10 +/- 2 mmHg in response to tilt in sham (n = 6) and wrap (n = 9) animals, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sympathetic vasoconstrictor effectors are primarily responsible for maintaining blood pressure during tilt in conscious rabbits. The postural hypotension caused by sympatholytic agents is about double in hypertensive rabbits, and N-type calcium-channel blockade is as effective as ganglion blockade at inducing this syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. c.wright@pharmacology.unimelb.edu.au
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Hawkes
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Angus
mesh_terms: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D020864:Calcium Channels, N-Type / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007024:Hypotension, Orthostatic / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D008729:Methoxamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000503:physiopathology; D011817:Rabbits; D012018:Reflex / Q000187:drug effects; D020866:omega-Conotoxin GVIA / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D020864:Calcium Channels, N-Type; D020866:omega-Conotoxin GVIA; D008729:Methoxamine; D007545:Isoproterenol