title: Relatively poor oocyte quality is an indication for intracytoplasmic sperm injection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relation between the insemination method used and the quality of oocytes and embryos.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Assisted reproductive centers at Yamagata University Hospital and Kuramoto Women's Clinic in Yamagata, Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients undergoing IVF and 40 patients undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
  
  
  METHODS
  To estimate oocyte quality, the granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte were fixed and stained with a commercial dye in both groups of patients. One thousand granulosa cells were examined under a fluorescence microscope.
  
  
  METHODS
  The incidence of apoptotic granulosa cells surrounding each oocyte.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of apoptosis in the granulosa cells enclosing the oocytes that were fertilized by IVF was significantly lower than that in the oocytes that were fertilized by ICSI. Moreover, the incidence of apoptosis in the granulosa cells enclosing the oocytes that grew into good-quality or fair-quality embryos was significantly lower after conventional IVF than after ICSI. With ICSI, the incidence of apoptosis was not significantly different among the granulosa cells surrounding the oocytes that were inseminated, were fertilized, or developed into good-quality or fair-quality embryos. With IVF, the incidence of apoptosis was highest in the granulosa cells surrounding the oocytes that were inseminated and lowest in the granulosa cells surrounding the oocytes that developed into good-quality and fair-quality embryos.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A good-quality oocyte is necessary for the development of a good-quality embryo with IVF but not with ICSI. Thus, relatively poor oocyte quality is a good indication for the use of ICSI.
authors.affiliation: Yamagata University; and Kuramoto Women's Clinic, Yamagata, Japan. hsaitou@med.id.yamagata-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sasagawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuramoto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hiroi
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000379:methods*; D006107:Granulosa Cells / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D009865:Oocytes / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric