title: Preventing smoking relapse in postpartum women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although many women quit smoking during pregnancy, the majority resume smoking shortly after giving birth.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To test a program to prevent smoking relapse in the postpartum period by comparing the rates of continuous smoking abstinence, daily smoking, and smoking cessation self-efficacy in treatment and control groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomized clinical trial, nurses provided face-to-face, in-hospital counseling sessions at birth, followed by telephone counseling. The target population included women who quit smoking during pregnancy and who gave birth at one of five hospitals. The 254 participating women were interviewed 6 months after delivery and assessed biochemically to determine smoking status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 6-month continuous smoking abstinence rate was 38% in the treatment group and 27% in the control group (odds ratio [OR] = 1.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] .96 - 2.78). Significantly more control (48%) than treatment (34%) group participants reported smoking daily (OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.08 - 2.99). Smoking cessation self-efficacy did not vary significantly between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smoking cessation interventions focusing on the prenatal period have failed to achieve long-term abstinence. Interventions can be strengthened if they are extended into the postpartum period.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. johnson@nursing.ubc.ca
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Ratner
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bottorff
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dahinten
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D012008:Recurrence; D020377:Self Efficacy; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D013689:Telephone