title: Antiviral properties of a mangrove plant, Rhizophora apiculata Blume, against human immunodeficiency virus.
abstract: A polysaccharide extracted from the leaf of Rhizophora apiculata (RAP) was assessed in cell culture systems, for its activity against human and simian immunodeficiency viruses. RAP inhibited HIV-1 or HIV-2 or SIV strains in various cell cultures and assay systems. It blocked the expression of HIV-1 antigen in MT-4 cells and abolished the production of HIV-1 p24 antigen in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC); the 50% effective concentration (EC50) of RAP in HIV-1 infected MT-4 cells and in PBMC was 10.7 and 25.9 microg/ml, respectively. RAP (100 microg/ml) completely blocked the binding of HIV-1 virions to MT-4 cells. RAP also reduced the production of viral mRNA when added before virus adsorption. RAP inhibited syncytium formation in cocultures of MOLT-4 cells and MOLT-4/HIV-1(IIIB) cells. RAP did not prolong activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) up to 500 microg/ml. These properties may be advantageous should RAP be considered for further development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kagoshima University Dental School, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Premanathan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arakaki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Izumi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kathiresan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakashima
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003588:Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral / Q000187:drug effects; D015726:Giant Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D015498:HIV-2 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D006801:Humans; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019685:Rosales / Q000737:chemistry*; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D000925:Anticoagulants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011134:Polysaccharides