title: Intestinal adaptation occurs independent of transforming growth factor-alpha.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Signal transduction via the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is critical for intestinal adaptation after massive small bowel resection (SBR). Although it has been assumed that the major ligand for the EGFR during adaptation is EGF, the role for transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha), another major ligand for the EGFR is unknown. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that TGF-alpha is an important ligand for the EGFR during intestinal adaptation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wild-type mice (C57BI/6) underwent a 50% proximal SBR or sham operation (bowel transection or reanastomosis) and were then assigned randomly to receive either intraperitoneal TGF-alpha or placebo. In a separate experiment, SBR or sham operations were performed in mice lacking TGF-alpha (Waved-1). After 3 days, adaptation was measured in the ileum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exogenous TGF-alpha enhanced intestinal adaptation in the wild-type mice after SBR as shown by increased ileal wet weight and DNA content. Normal adaptation occurred in the mice lacking TGF-alpha as shown by increased ileal wet weight, protein and DNA content, proliferation, villus height, and crypt depth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although exogenous TGF-alpha enhanced adaptation after massive SBR, adaptation was preserved in TGF-alpha-absent mice. These results refute TGF-alpha as an essential ligand for EGFR signaling during intestinal adaptation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH, USA.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Falcone
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kemp
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Erwin
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Warner
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D007422:Intestines / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha; D066246:ErbB Receptors