title: Thioredoxin prolongs survival of B-type chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells.
abstract: Thioredoxin (Trx) is a ubiquitous protein disulfide oxidoreductase with antioxidant, cytokine, and chemotactic properties. Previously, we showed that Trx, in synergy with interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-4, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and CD40-ligation induced S-phase entry and mitosis in normal B cells and B-type chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) cells. The viability of B-CLL cells stimulated by these protocols is high, and it has been hypothesized that the overexpression of Bcl-2 found in B-CLL protects the cells from apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we have analyzed the response of cells derived from 12 samples of patients with B-CLL to recombinant human Trx in spontaneous apoptosis, with special reference to the Bcl-2 expression. Long-term cultures of B-CLL clones showed significantly higher viability when supplemented with human Trx (P =.031), also exemplified with clones surviving more than 2 months. Short-term cultures of B-CLL cells exposed to 1 microg/mL of Trx for 1, 5, or 12 days maintained expression or delayed down-regulation of Bcl-2 compared with control cultures containing RPMI 1640 medium and 10% fetal calf serum only (P =.032,. 002,.026, respectively). All B-CLL cells expressed constitutive Trx at varying but low levels, in contrast to adult T-cell leukemias, which overexpress Trx, as previously reported. We found that Trx added to B-CLL cells increased in a dose-dependent fashion the release of TNF-alpha, which has been suggested to be an autocrine growth factor for these cells. In conclusion, we have found that human recombinant Trx induced TNF-alpha secretion, maintained Bcl-2, and reduced apoptosis in B-CLL cells. (Blood. 2000;95:1420-1426)
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Division of Cell Biology, University of Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Söderberg
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rosén
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000032:analysis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis; D007700:Kinetics; D015451:Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D013879:Thioredoxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D013879:Thioredoxins