title: Serum amyloid A predicts early mortality in acute coronary syndromes: A TIMI 11A substudy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the ability of serum amyloid A (SAA), alone and in combination with a rapid qualitative assay for cardiac-specific troponin T (cTnT), to predict 14-day mortality in patients with unstable angina or non-Q wave myocardial infarction (NQMI).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) has been associated with adverse outcomes in unstable coronary syndromes but data regarding its acute phase counterpart, SAA, are conflicting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum amyloid A measurement and a rapid cTnT assay were performed on blood obtained at enrollment into Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 11A, a dose-ranging trial of enoxaparin for unstable angina and NQMI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum amyloid A was higher in patients who died compared with survivors (6.28 vs. 0.75 mg/dL, p = 0.002). Among patients with a negative rapid cTnT, mortality was higher for those in the top quintile of SAA (6.1 vs. 0.7%, p = 0.003). Patients with both an early positive rapid cTnT (< or =10 min until assay positive) and SAA in the fifth quintile had the highest mortality followed by those with either markedly elevated SAA or an early positive rapid cTnT, while patients with both a negative rapid cTnT and SAA in quintiles 1-4 were at very low risk, (9.1 vs. 3.6 vs. 0.7%, p <0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Similar to CRP, baseline elevation of SAA identifies patients hospitalized with unstable angina and NQMI at higher risk for early mortality, even among those with a negative rapid assay for cTnT. These data support further investigation of inflammatory markers used alone and in combination with cardiac troponins for risk assessment in unstable coronary syndromes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. damorrow@bics.bwh.harvard.edu
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Morrow
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rifai
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Antman
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Weiner
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: McCabe
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Cannon
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Braunwald
mesh_terms: D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality*; D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000097:blood*; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D015996:Survival Rate; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy
chemical_list: D001053:Apolipoproteins; D015415:Biomarkers; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D011498:Protein Precursors; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein