title: Asthma self-management: do patient education programs always have an impact?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  During the past 15 years, programs to improve self-management practices in adults with asthma have reported improvement in functional status and reduction of inappropriate use of health care services. However, these programs usually represent an ideal approach, applying multiple patient education methods. Consequently, when these programs are found to be efficacious, it is important to replicate the programs as well as to evaluate less complex methods that may be more appropriate for nonacademic health care settings.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared the following 3 standardized self-management treatments in a randomized, controlled trial: (1) a replication of the self-management program developed at a university medical center that was previously shown to be efficacious; (2) a modified version of this program including only the core elements; and (3) a usual-care program. Outcome measures included medication and inhaler regimen adherence, asthma symptoms, respiratory illness, functional status, and use of health care resources.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 3 groups improved on measures of respiratory illnesses, use of health care services, and functional status. Patients in both education groups did no better than the usual-care group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results are inconsistent with the results of the first asthma self-management study at this institution and with those of efficacy studies of similar programs. Two factors, selection of the patient population and historical changes in asthma treatment, most likely contributed to the lack of impact of the self-management programs. As a result of the improved standards for usual care due to both factors, the opportunity to effect patient outcomes was substantially reduced.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 35233-7337, USA. wcbailey@uab.edu
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Kohler
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Windsor
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Gerald
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Higgins
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000328:Adult; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001249:Asthma / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006295:Health Resources / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D018579:Patient Selection; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000150:complications; D012648:Self Care; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents