title: Ca(2+) activation of heart mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation: role of the F(0)/F(1)-ATPase.
abstract: Ca(2+) has been postulated as a cytosolic second messenger in the regulation of cardiac oxidative phosphorylation. This hypothesis draws support from the well-known effects of Ca(2+) on muscle activity, which is stimulated in parallel with the Ca(2+)-sensitive dehydrogenases (CaDH). The effects of Ca(2+) on oxidative phosphorylation were further investigated in isolated porcine heart mitochondria at the level of metabolic driving force (NADH or Deltapsi) and ATP production rates (flow). The resulting force-flow (F-F) relationships permitted the analysis of Ca(2+) effects on several putative control points within oxidative phosphorylation, simultaneously. The F-F relationships resulting from additions of carbon substrates alone provided a model of pure CaDH activation. Comparing this curve with variable Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]) effects revealed an approximate twofold higher ATP production rate than could be explained by a simple increase in NADH or Deltapsi via CaDH activation. The half-maximal effect of Ca(2+ )at state 3 was 157 nM and was completely inhibited by ruthenium red (1 microM), indicating matrix dependence of the Ca(2+) effect. Arsenate was used as a probe to differentiate between F(0)/F(1)-ATPase and adenylate translocase activity by a futile recycling of ADP-arsenate within the matrix, catalyzed by the F(0)/F(1)-ATPase. Ca(2+) increased the ADP arsenylation rate more than twofold, suggesting a direct effect on the F(0)/F(1)-ATPase. These results suggest that Ca(2+) activates cardiac aerobic respiration at the level of both the CaDH and F(0)/F(1)-ATPase. This type of parallel control of both intermediary metabolism and ATP synthesis may provide a mechanism of altering ATP production rates with minimal changes in the high-energy intermediates as observed in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cardiac Energetics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1061, USA. territop@zeus.nhlbi.nih.gov
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Territo
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Mootha
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: French
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Balaban
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000818:Animals; D001149:Arsenates / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002259:Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000201:enzymology*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology*; D009243:NAD / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010085:Oxidative Phosphorylation; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006180:Proton-Translocating ATPases / Q000378:metabolism*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D013552:Swine; D014475:Uncoupling Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001149:Arsenates; D014475:Uncoupling Agents; D009243:NAD; D002259:Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D006180:Proton-Translocating ATPases; D002118:Calcium