title: Optimizing screening for blunt cerebrovascular injuries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The recognition that early diagnosis and intervention, prior to ischemic neurologic injury, has the potential to improve outcome following blunt cerebrovascular injuries (BCVI), led to a policy of aggressive screening for these injuries. The resultant epidemic of BCVI has created a dilemma, as widespread screening is impractical. We sought to identify independent predictors of BCVI, to focus resources.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cerebral arteriography was performed based on signs or symptoms of BCVI, or in asymptomatic patients with high-risk mechanisms (hyperextension, hyperflexion, direct blow) or injury patterns. Logistic regression analysis identified independent predictors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 249 patients underwent arteriography; 85 (34%) had injuries. Independent predictors of carotid arterial injury were Glasgow coma score < or =6, petrous bone fracture, diffuse axonal brain injury, and LeFort II or III fracture. Having one of these factors in the setting of a high-risk mechanism was associated with 41% risk of injury. Of patients with cervical spine fracture, 39% had vertebral arterial injury.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients sustaining high-risk injury mechanisms or patterns should be screened for BCVI. In the face of limited resources, screening efforts should be focused on those with high-risk predictors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Denver Health Medical Center and University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, 80204-4507, USA.
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Biffl
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Offner
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Brega
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Franciose
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Burch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D020214:Cerebrovascular Trauma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D012307:Risk Factors; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology