title: Involvement of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand/osteoclast differentiation factor in osteoclastogenesis from synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the mechanism by which osteoclasts are formed in culture of rheumatoid synoviocytes by exploring the involvement of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL)/osteoclast differentiation factor (ODF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Osteoclast formation was evaluated in cocultures of rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in the presence of macrophage colony stimulating factor and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25[OH]2D3) utilizing separating membrane filters. RANKL/ODF expression was examined by Northern blotting in synovial tissues from 5 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and tissues from patients with giant cell tumor (GCT), osteosarcoma (OS), and osteoarthritis (OA). RANKL/ODF expression and the ability of synovial fibroblasts to support osteoclastogenesis were investigated in coculture with PBMC in the presence or absence of 1,25(OH)2D3, and soluble RANKL/ODF and osteoprotegerin (OPG)/osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor (OCIF) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The effects of OPG/OCIF on the osteoclastogenesis in the primary culture of rheumatoid synoviocytes and the coculture system were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Synovial fibroblasts did not induce osteoclastogenesis when separately cocultured with PBMC. Northern blotting revealed that RANKL/ODF was highly expressed in all tissues from RA and GCT patients, but not from OA or OS patients. Cultured rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts efficiently induced osteoclastogenesis in the presence of 1,25(OH)2D3, which was accompanied by up-regulated expression of RANKL/ODF and decreased production of OPG/OCIF. Osteoclastogenesis from synoviocytes was dose-dependently inhibited by OPG/OCIF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RANKL/ODF expressed on synovial fibroblasts is involved in rheumatoid bone destruction by inducing osteoclastogenesis and would therefore be a good therapeutic target.
authors.affiliation: The University of Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takayanagi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iizuka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Juji
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koshihara
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000473:pathology*; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D002450:Cell Communication; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000166:cytology*; D010012:Osteogenesis; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D053245:RANK Ligand; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000166:cytology*
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D053245:RANK Ligand; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; C505686:TNFRSF11A protein, human; C506030:TNFRSF11B protein, human; C505688:TNFSF11 protein, human