title: Transitional cell carcinoma in dialysis patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of our study was to determine whether there is an increased incidence of urothelial cancer, especially transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), in uremic patients on dialysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart analyses were completed for 1,910 uremic patients undergoing maintenance dialysis between January 1987 and December 1997. The incidence of urinary tract cancer was assessed. Only the patients with cancers diagnosed after start of dialysis were enrolled in the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 1,910 patients, 70 had concomitant urinary tract cancers. Nineteen patients (0.99%), including 17 patients with TCC and 2 patients with renal cell carcinoma, were diagnosed after the initiation of dialysis. The average duration from dialysis to TCC diagnosis was 38.3 (range 2-144) months. Painless gross hematuria was the cardinal symptom in 16 of the 17 patients with TCC. In the 17 patients with TCC, no distant metastases were found at the time of diagnosis. Fourteen patients (82.3%) were stage 0 or A, and 1 patient was stage B1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 0.89% incidence of TCC in our dialysis patients was high as compared with that of the general population. The risks of developing urinary TCC in dialysis patients were examined, and we suggest that immunosuppressive stage, dialysis procedure, and chronic bladder irritation (decreased urinary wash effect) may play a part in the development of urinary TCC in dialysis patients. Early detection of hematuria due to regular visits and decreased exposure of urinary tract epithelium to carcinogens from urine may explain why early-stage TCC was seen in most of our patients.
authors.affiliation: National Cheng-Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Tzai
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Tong
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology