title: Can diagnostic laparoscopy be avoided in routine investigation for infertility?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether routine testing for serum Chlamydia trachomatis antibodies, considered in combination with a woman's clinical features, may avoid the need for diagnostic laparoscopy in routine investigation for infertility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case notes analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Secondary level care infertility clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty women who had undergone both laparoscopy and serum Chlamydia trachomatis antibody testing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ascertainment of any history of suspected pelvic inflammatory disease, pelvic pain, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, pelvic surgery or appendicectomy; any abnormality on clinical pelvic examination; the findings at laparoscopy; the result of serum Chlamydia trachomatis antibody testing by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) screening with microimmunofluorescence (MIF) confirmatory diagnostic testing. The usefulness of clinical features, the serum Chlamydia trachomatis antibody test and these two variables combined in the detection of tubal disease and pelvic pathology of relevance to infertility were measured statistically.
  
  
  METHODS
  Specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and likelihood ratio for each of the tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The combination of any positive clinical feature with a positive test for serum Chlamydia trachomatis antibodies detects tubal disease with sensitivity 92%, specificity 70%, positive predictive value 72%, negative predictive value 91% and likelihood ratio 3 x 1; it detects bilateral tubal obstruction with sensitivity 84%, specificity 51%, positive predictive value 35%, negative predictive value 91% and likelihood ratio 1 x 7; it detects pelvic pathology relevant to infertility with sensitivity 76%, specificity 71%, positive predictive value 80%, negative predictive value 65% and likelihood ratio 2 x 6. The negative predictive value for pelvic pathology from the use of clinical features in addition to the chlamydia antibody test is not significantly higher than that from the chlamydia antibody test alone (53%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A policy of selective laparoscopy in routine investigation for infertility, based on the result of the test for serum Chlamydia trachomatis antibodies and a woman's clinical features, is not supported.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, South Cleveland Hospital, Middlesbrough.
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Nadgir
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Chinn
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D019564:Unnecessary Procedures
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial