title: Cholesterol depletion of enterocytes. Effect on the Golgi complex and apical membrane trafficking.
abstract: Intestinal brush border enzymes, including aminopeptidase N and sucrase-isomaltase, are associated with "rafts" (membrane microdomains rich in cholesterol and sphingoglycolipids). To assess the functional role of rafts in the present work, we studied the effect of cholesterol depletion on apical membrane trafficking in enterocytes. Cultured mucosal explants of pig small intestine were treated for 2 h with the cholesterol sequestering agent methyl-beta-cyclodextrin and lovastatin, an inhibitor of hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase. The treatment reduced the cholesterol content >50%. Morphologically, the Golgi complex/trans-Golgi network was partially transformed into numerous 100-200 nm vesicles. By immunogold electron microscopy, aminopeptidase N was localized in these Golgi-derived vesicles as well as at the basolateral cell surface, indicating a partial missorting. Biochemically, the rates of the Golgi-associated complex glycosylation and association with rafts of newly synthesized aminopeptidase N were reduced, and less of the enzyme had reached the brush border membrane after 2 h of labeling. In contrast, the basolateral Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase was neither missorted nor raft-associated. Our results implicate the Golgi complex/trans-Golgi network in raft formation and suggest a close relationship between this event and apical membrane trafficking.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, the Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Niels-Christiansen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Thorsen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Immerdal
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Danielsen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D018826:CD13 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism*; D003505:Cyclodextrins / Q000494:pharmacology; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D008148:Lovastatin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008871:Microvilli / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins
chemical_list: D003505:Cyclodextrins; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins; C108732:methyl-beta-cyclodextrin; D002784:Cholesterol; D008148:Lovastatin; D018826:CD13 Antigens; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase