title: Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication in children: a single surgeon's experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Adult laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication has been steadily growing since its introduction to the United States in the 1990s. Its advantage over the traditional open approach is manifold. Application of laparoscopic fundoplication to children is slowly but surely following this trend. This study evaluates our initial experience with pediatric laparoscopic Nissen fundoplications.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the records of 25 consecutive laparoscopic Nissen fundoplications performed by a single surgeon (GS) at our institution in the past three years. The patient ages ranged from 7 months to 18 years (mean, 7 years). All patients had documented gastroesophageal reflux disease. Complications from the reflux included vomiting in 15 patients, failure to thrive in nine, esophagitis in nine, and pulmonary symptoms in six.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All Nissen fundoplications were performed laparoscopically without need for conversion to open technique. Blood loss was less than 50 cc in all cases. A tube gastrostomy was concurrently performed in 17. Mean operative time in all cases was 221 minutes. Average postoperative day on which feedings were begun was day 2, with an average resumption of regular feedings on postoperative day 3.5. Average date of discharge was postoperative day 6.8. Complications included difficulty controlling glucose in an insulin-dependent diabetic, and a lost needle, which added an additional hour to the operative time. There were eight admissions to the pediatric intensive care unit, all for observation secondary to their underlying medical problems. There was one postoperative death due to an underlying medical condition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication is a safe and effective treatment option for children suffering from significant reflux. Time to regular feeding, analgesia requirements and hospital stay are decreased when compared to traditional procedures. Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication may well become the procedure of choice for pediatric gastroesophageal reflux disease.
authors.affiliation: Minimally Invasive Institute, New York Medical College, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY 10594, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hopkins
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stringel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D018662:Fundoplication / Q000379:methods*; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome