title: Lower-extremity Doppler for deep venous thrombosis--can emergency physicians be accurate and fast?
abstract: Clinical diagnosis of lower-extremity (LE) deep venous thrombosis (DVT) requires confirmation by an imaging study before committing the patient to anticoagulation therapy. Studies have shown that demonstrating compressibility of leg veins under ultrasound is accurate for ruling out DVTs when performed by vascular specialists. Although LE Doppler has become the preferred test for diagnosing DVTs, it is not always available 24 hours per day.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the accuracy and speed with which emergency physicians (EPs) could perform LE color duplex ultrasonography for the detection of DVT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients presenting to an urban community emergency department (ED) between August 1, 1998, and March 3, 1999, were enrolled into this prospective study. The EPs, who underwent brief and standardized training, scanned patients at high risk for DVT with leg pain, swelling, or both. Physicians performed color duplex ultrasound examinations with compression at the common femoral and popliteal veins. The time until completion of the ED scan was recorded with a standardized method. The vascular laboratory performed a complete duplex ultrasound examination within eight hours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred twelve patients were enrolled in the study, with 34 positive for DVT. The median examination time was 3 minutes 28 seconds (95% CI = 2 min 45 sec to 4 min 2 sec; IQR 3 min 9 sec). Times ranged from 1:02 to 18:20 minutes. The ED results had a high correlation with vascular laboratory studies, giving a kappa of 0.9 and a 98% agreement (95% CI = 95.4% to 100%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Emergency physicians can perform LE duplex ultrasound examinations accurately and quickly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Christ Hospital and Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA. blaivas@pyro.net
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blaivas
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Harwood
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Konicki
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D006801:Humans; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013924:Thrombophlebitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013997:Time Factors; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color