title: Rheumatoid synovial fluid contains bioactive leukemia inhibitory factor with cartilage degrading activity--another target for chondroprotective intervention.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if the procatabolic activity of inflammatory synovial fluids (SF) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) could be attenuated by the cytokine antagonists murine leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) binding protein (mLBP) and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra).
  
  
  METHODS
  Pig articular cartilage explants were cultured in the presence of either 20% v/v rheumatoid (RA) or osteoarthritic (OA) SF and varying concentrations of either mLBP and/or IL-1ra. The catabolic activity of the SF and the relative effects of mLBP and/or IL-1ra were assessed by determining the percentage release of sulfated glycosaminoglycans from cartilage explants. LIF concentrations were measured by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RA SF but not OA SF stimulated release of proteoglycans from pig cartilage explants in vitro (47.3 +/- 2.2% vs 24.6 +/- 2.0%; p < 0.0001). Murine LBP at 100 ng/ml and recombinant human (rh) IL-1ra at 5000 ng/ml produced a dose dependent inhibition of this proteoglycan release (p < 0.0067 and p < 0.0111, respectively). The RA SF stimulated proteoglycan release was attenuated by mLBP and rhIL-1ra independently. No additive effect of this attenuation was observed when maximal inhibitory doses were used in combination. The decrease in proteoglycan release produced by mLBP correlated significantly with LIF concentrations in RA SF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings are consistent with the concept that IL-1 stimulates cartilage proteoglycan resorption in RA. They also support the hypothesis that LIF, too, contributes to cartilage proteoglycan resorption in RA. The residual stimulation not accounted for by IL-1 or LIF suggests other cytokines may contribute. The role of LIF and related or unrelated cytokines may need to be taken into account to optimize chondroprotection in RA and other rheumatic diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and the Research Centre, Royal Perth Hospital, Australia.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Carroll
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000378:metabolism*; D002356:Cartilage / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D015850:Interleukin-6; C507837:LIF protein, human; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; D008222:Lymphokines; D011509:Proteoglycans