title: The natural history of ulcerative proctitis: a multicenter, retrospective study. Gruppo di Studio per le Malattie Infiammatorie Intestinali (GSMII).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical features and the long term evolution of patients with a well defined initial diagnosis of ulcerative proctitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with an original diagnosis of ulcerative proctitis who had been seen at any of 13 institutions from 1989 to 1994 were identified. Data on disease onset and subsequent evolution were recorded. In addition, 575 patients with more extensive disease, treated in the same centers, were used as controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 341 patients satisfied the inclusion criteria. The percentage of smokers in these patients was slightly lower than in controls; no differences were found in the other clinical/demographic variables evaluated. A total of 273 patients entered long term follow-up (mean, 52 months). Proximal extension of the disease occurred in 74 of them (27.1%). The cumulative rate of proximal extension and of extension beyond the splenic flexure was 20% and 4% at 5 yr and 54% and 10% at 10 yr, respectively. The risk of proximal extension was higher in nonsmokers, in patients with >3 relapses/yr, and in patients needing systemic steroid or immunosuppressive treatment. Refractory disease was confirmed as an independent prognostic factor at multivariate analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Proximal extension of ulcerative proctitis is frequent and may occur even late after the original diagnosis. However, the risk of extension beyond the splenic flexure appears to be quite low. Smoking seems to be a protective factor against proximal extension, whereas refractoriness is a risk factor for proximal extension of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Gastroenterologia, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Meucci
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vecchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Astegiano
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Beretta
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cesari
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dizioli
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ferraris
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Panelli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prada
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sostegni
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Franchis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012809:Colon, Sigmoid / Q000503:physiopathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011349:Proctitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D013256:Steroids / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D013256:Steroids