title: Location of the lower turnaround point in typical AV nodal reentrant tachycardia: a quantitative model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent observations suggest that the circuit of AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) may extend down to the His bundle. The purpose of this study was to develop a quantitative model indicating the location of the lower turnaround point in AVNRT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Slow pathway modification was performed in 70 patients with typical AVNRT. During sinus rhythm, ventricular pacing was performed with the AVNRT cycle length. During AVNRT, the HinitAinit interval was measured from initial His to the initial atrial deflection recorded in the His-bundle lead. During ventricular pacing, the HendAinit interval was measured from end of the His to the beginning of the atrial deflection. It was hypothesized that x reflects conduction time from the lower turnaround point to Ainit, whereas y reflects conduction time from the lower turnaround point to Hinit. Anterograde conduction during AVNRT and retrograde conduction during ventricular pacing were assumed to be identical if there was 1:1 retrograde conduction at the AVNRT cycle length. The following formulas describe the relation of the measured parameters: x - y = HinitAinit; and x + y = HendAinit. Resolving both formulas yields the unknown x and y: y = (HendAinit - HinitAinit)/2, x = (HendAinit + HinitAinit)/2. These criteria were present in 52 of 70 patients. The mean cycle length of AVNRT was 355 +/- 42 msec, mean HinitAinit was 54 +/- 27 msec, and mean HendAinit was 60 +/- 29 msec. Accordingly, in 20 of 52 patients, the lower turnaround point was located within the His bundle (y = -15.4 +/- 16.1 msec), in 3 of 52 it was in the nodal-His junctional area (y = 0), and in 29 of 52 it was above the His bundle (y = +12.7 +/- 10.3 msec). The HinitAinit interval was significantly longer (66 +/- 32 msec vs 47 +/- 20 msec; P = 0.02) and the HendAinit interval was significantly shorter (45 +/- 30 msec vs 69 +/- 24 msec; P = 0.004) when the first group was compared with the others.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In about 1 of 3 of patients with typical AVNRT, the lower turnaround point of the circuit is within the His bundle; in more than half of the patients it is above the His bundle. These data do not support the concept that all AVNRTs have an intranodal circuit, but are in accordance with the finding of longitudinal dissociation of the His bundle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Y G
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bender
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bogun
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grönefeld
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hohnloser
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002036:Bundle of His / Q000503:physiopathology; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013611:Tachycardia, Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry / Q000503:physiopathology*