title: NOS inhibition potentiates norepinephrine but not sympathetic nerve-mediated co-transmission in resistance arteries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The in vitro interaction between sympathetic nerves and basal nitric oxide release was studied in a resistance artery, since these interact powerfully in large vessels.
  
  
  METHODS
  The pharmacological interaction between L-NAME and vasoconstriction to field stimulation of sympathetic nerves or exogenous norepinephrine was studied in rabbit cutaneous resistance arteries in wire myographs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Relaxation of norepinephrine-induced tone by acetylcholine, but not sodium nitroprusside, was blocked by N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME: 100 microM), indicating that the agonist-induced release of nitric oxide could oppose the vasoconstrictor effect of norepinephrine and confirming that L-NAME had no effect on endothelium-independent vasodilatation. L-NAME increased norepinephrine potency indicating basal NO release. With short bursts of electrical field stimulation purinergic transmission was dominant at low frequencies and adrenergic at high frequencies. L-NAME had no effect on nerve-mediated responses, even after blocking the purinergic component with alpha,beta-methylene ATP (3 microM), suggesting that the influence of spontaneously released nitric oxide does not extend to the vascular smooth muscle cells under adrenergic nervous control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This resistance artery exhibits a highly effective nitric oxide-mediated vasodilatation to acetylcholine. It has basal release of nitric oxide which antagonises exogenous norepinephrine. However, basal nitric oxide did not influence adrenergic nerve transmission, which contrasts with previous studies of larger arteries and veins. We speculate that in small resistance arteries there may be a spatial limitation to the zones of vascular smooth muscle influenced by the adrenergic nerves and by basal nitric oxide from the endothelium, respectively. The role of endogenous nitric oxide in modulating vascular tone may thus be less in resistance arteries than in conducting arteries or capacitance vessels and purinergic transmission appears to be particularly resistant.
authors.affiliation: Autonomic Physiology Unit, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Macmillan
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: McCulloch
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: McGrath
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011224:Prazosin / Q000494:pharmacology; D011817:Rabbits; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D009599:Nitroprusside; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D000109:Acetylcholine; C002630:alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; D009638:Norepinephrine; D011224:Prazosin