title: Upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with acute Lyme neuroborreliosis.
abstract: It was investigated (1) whether metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), MMP-3, and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1, the natural tissue inhibitor of MMP-9) are increased in the CSF of patients with Lyme neuroborreliosis and (2) whether macrophages can express MMP-9 when stimulated with Borrelia burgdorferi. Zymography showed MMP-9 activity in 26 of 31 (84%) CSF samples from patients with acute stage 2 Lyme neuroborreliosis, but not in 20 controls with non-inflammatory neurological disorders. Activity of MMP-2 was detected in all CSF samples in both patients with neuroborreliosis and controls, suggesting a constitutive release of MMP-2. Using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) MMP-3 (which can activate MMP-9) was detected in low concentrations in the CSF of 13 of 29 patients with neuroborreliosis, but not in controls. TIMP-1 was increased twofold in CSF samples from patients with neuroborreliosis in comparison with the controls. MMP-9 activity was induced in vitro in a mouse macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) when stimulated with two different genospecies of B burgdorferi (B garinii, B afzelii ). This MMP-9 activity was reduced in a dose dependent manner when macrophages stimulated with B burgdorferi were coincubated with NF-kappaB SN50, a cell permeable peptide which inhibits the translocation of NF-kappaB into the nucleus of stimulated cells. The data show that (1) MMP-9 activity is present in the CSF of patients with neuroborreliosis, (2) macrophages stimulated with B burgdorferi are a possible source of MMP-9 increase, and (3) activation of NF-kappaB may play a part in the upregulation of MMP-9 by B burgdorferi.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Klinikum Grobetahadern, Ludwig-Maximilians- University, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kirchner
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Koedel
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fingerle
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wilske
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Pfister
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008193:Lyme Disease / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D008875:Middle Aged; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9