title: Localization of cyclooxygenase-2 in human sporadic colorectal adenomas.
abstract: A putative target for the anti-colorectal cancer action of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is the inducible isoform of cyclooxygenase (COX), COX-2. COX-2 is expressed within intestinal adenomas in murine polyposis models, but expression has been poorly characterized in human colorectal neoplasms. Therefore, we investigated the localization of the COX-2 protein in human sporadic colorectal adenomas. Immunohistochemistry for COX-2 and CD68 (a tissue macrophage marker) was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (n = 52) and frozen, acetone-fixed (n = 6) sections of human sporadic colorectal adenomas. Forty of 52 (77%) formalin-fixed adenomas expressed immunoreactive COX-2. COX-2 was localized to superficial interstitial macrophages in 39 cases (75%) and to deep interstitial macrophages in 9 cases (17%). COX-2 staining of dysplastic epithelial cells was observed in 15 cases (29%). A logistic regression analysis identified the adenoma site (P = 0.012) and histological type (P = 0.001) as independent predictors of superficial macrophage COX-2 expression. There was no relationship between the number of macrophages within an adenoma and macrophage COX-2 expression. These results indicate that COX-2 is expressed predominantly by interstitial macrophages within human sporadic colorectal adenomas. If COX-2 does indeed play a role in the early stages of colorectal carcinogenesis in man, these data suggest COX-2-mediated paracrine signaling between the macrophages and epithelial cells within adenomas.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Medicine Unit, Department of Histopathology, University of Leeds, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Chapple
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Cartwright
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hawcroft
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tisbury
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bonifer
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Windsor
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Guillou
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Markham
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Coletta
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hull
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000201:enzymology*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism*; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases