title: Hepatocyte growth factor is elevated in chronic lung injury and inhibits surfactant metabolism.
abstract: Adult respiratory distress syndrome may incorporate in its pathogenesis the hyperplastic proliferation of alveolar epithelial type II cells and derangement in synthesis of pulmonary surfactant. Previous studies have demonstrated that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in the presence of serum is a potential mitogen for adult type II cells (R. J. Panos, J. S. Rubin, S. A. Aaronson, and R. J. Mason. J. Clin. Invest. 92: 969-977, 1993) and that it is produced by fetal mesenchymal lung cells (J. S. Rubin, A. M.-L. Chan, D. P. Botarro, W. H. Burgess, W. G. Taylor, A. C. Cech, D. W. Hirschfield, J. Wong, T. Miki, P. W. Finch, and S. A. Aaronson. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88: 415-419, 1991). In these studies, we expand on this possible involvement of HGF in chronic lung injury by showing the following. First, normal adult lung fibroblasts transcribe only small amounts of HGF mRNA, but the steady-state levels of this message rise substantially in lung fibroblasts obtained from animals exposed to oxidative stress. Second, inflammatory cytokines produced early in the injury stimulate the transcription of HGF in isolated fibroblasts, providing a plausible mechanism for the increased amounts of HGF seen in vivo. Third, HGF is capable of significantly inhibiting the synthesis and secretion of the phosphatidylcholines of pulmonary surfactant. Fourth, HGF inhibits the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo phosphatidylcholine synthesis, CTP:choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.15). Our data indicate that fibroblast-derived HGF could be partially responsible for the changes in surfactant dysfunction seen in adult respiratory distress syndrome, including the decreases seen in surfactant phosphatidylcholines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78284-7756, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vivekananda
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Awasthi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Awasthi
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: King
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019916:Choline-Phosphate Cytidylyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D007701:Kinetin; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D011687:Purines / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007375:Interleukin-1; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants; D011687:Purines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor; C090046:olomoucine; D011494:Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D019916:Choline-Phosphate Cytidylyltransferase; D007701:Kinetin