title: Fatal hyperammonemia after orthotopic lung transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A case of fatal hyperammonemia complicating orthotopic lung transplantation was previously reported.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the incidence, clinical features, and treatment of hyperammonemia associated with orthotopic lung transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic medical center and lung transplantation center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
  
  
  METHODS
  145 sequential adult patients who underwent orthotopic lung transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma ammonium levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six of the 145 patients who had had orthotopic lung transplantation developed hyperammonemia, all within the first 26 days after transplantation. The 30-day post-transplantation mortality rate was 67% for patients with hyperammonemia compared with 17% for those without hyperammonemia (P = 0.01). Development of major gastrointestinal complications (P = 0.03), use of total parenteral nutrition (P < 0.001), and lung transplantation for primary pulmonary hypertension (P = 0.045) were associated with hyperammonemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hyperammonemia is a potentially fatal event occurring after orthotopic lung transplantation. It is associated with high nitrogen load, concurrent medical stressors, primary pulmonary hypertension, and hepatic glutamine synthetase deficiency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104-4283, USA.
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Lichtenstein
authors.forename: Y X
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tuchman
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tino
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Kaiser
authors.forename: H I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Palevsky
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Kotloff
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Furth
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Bavaria
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Stecker
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Berry
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000641:Ammonia / Q000097:blood*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D005974:Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase / Q000172:deficiency; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000601:surgery; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D016040:Lung Transplantation; D008875:Middle Aged; D010289:Parenteral Nutrition, Total; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000097:blood*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016042:Transplantation, Heterotopic; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000641:Ammonia; D005974:Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase