title: Acrylate yellow filters in operating lights protect against photosensitization tissue damage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Photosensitized patients are exposed to bright lights when undergoing intraoperative photodynamic therapy or fluorescence measurements. Acrylate yellow filters might reduce unwanted tissue damage.
  
  
  METHODS
  To investigate the protective value of these filters, the spectral power distribution of the operating lights and light energy densities with and without an acrylate yellow filter were measured. Subsequently the effects of light exposure on the survival of a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line and the photodamage induced in pig tissues after the administration of 5-aminolaevulinic acid were also studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The light energy density in the ultraviolet and blue region of the light spectrum emitted by the operating light was reduced up to 50 per cent by the acrylate yellow filter. The survival of photosensitized cells was longer and photodamage induced in pig tissues was less when exposed to filtered light.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Photodamage induced by operating lights can be reduced by filtering out ultraviolet and blue light by means of acrylate yellow filters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Rotterdam-Dijkzigt, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hinnen
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: De Rooij
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Voortman
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Tilanus
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Siersema
mesh_terms: D000179:Acrylates; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005374:Filtration / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care / Q000295:instrumentation; D008029:Lighting / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009336:Necrosis; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D010787:Photosensitivity Disorders / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011482:Protective Devices; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000179:Acrylates; C036658:acrylic acid