title: Embryology, anatomy, and surgical applications of the kidney and ureter.
abstract: This article discusses the embryology and anatomy of the kidney and ureter. Surgical approaches, such as the lumbar and thoracoabdominal, are provided. Operations for kidney (i.e., radical nephrectomy, nephroureterectomy, and partial nephrectomy) and ureteric tumors also are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Emory Clinic, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: el-Galley
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Keane
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000196:embryology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000196:embryology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000196:embryology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D009392:Nephrectomy; D014513:Ureter / Q000196:embryology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D014515:Ureteral Diseases / Q000196:embryology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014516:Ureteral Neoplasms / Q000196:embryology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*