title: The results of serial dynamic enhanced computed tomography in patients with carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess serial dynamic enhanced computed tomography (serial DE-CT) as a diagnostic tool for carotid-cavernous sinus fistula (CCF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Serial DE-CT was performed in seven patients (ages 31-74) with CCF. Contrast material was injected intravenously at a dose of 60 mL with an injection speed of 4 mL per second. Serial axial images of the cavernous sinus were undertaken every 3 seconds using a helical computed tomography system. This relatively low-risk technique provides direct evidence of the arteriovenous shunt in the cavernous sinus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In early imaging after the injection, enhancement of the cavernous sinus on the side of the CCF was noted at the arterial phase in all patients, whereas early enhancement of the cavernous sinus was not observed on the contralateral uninvolved side.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest the usefulness of serial DE-CT as a diagnostic tool for the initial diagnosis of both high- and low-flow CCFs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohtsuka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001164:Arteriovenous Fistula / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002342:Carotid Artery, External / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002426:Cavernous Sinus / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media