title: Cardiovascular basic helix loop helix factor 1, a novel transcriptional repressor expressed preferentially in the developing and adult cardiovascular system.
abstract: We have cloned a cardiovascular-restricted basic helix-loop-helix factor that interacts with arylhydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) in a yeast two-hybrid screen. Cardiovascular helix-loop-helix factor 1 (CHF1) is distantly related to the hairy family of transcriptional repressors. We analyzed its expression pattern during mouse embryo development. At day 8.5, the expression of CHF1 is first detected in the primitive ventricle of the primordial heart tube and persists throughout gestation. In rat hearts, this expression is down-regulated after birth, concurrent with terminal differentiation of cardiomyocytes. In the developing vasculature, CHF1 first appears in the dorsal aorta at day 9.0, which precedes the reported expression of smooth muscle cell markers, and persists into adulthood. In an in vitro system of smooth muscle cell differentiation, CHF1 mRNA was barely detectable in undifferentiated cells but was induced highly in differentiated smooth muscle cells. To determine whether CHF1 might affect the function of ARNT, we performed transfection studies. Co-transfection of CHF1 inhibited ARNT/EPAS1-dependent transcription by 85%, and this inhibition is dose-dependent. In electrophoretic mobility studies, CHF1 inhibited the binding of the ARNT/EPAS1 heterodimer to its target site. Our data suggest that CHF1 functions as a transcriptional repressor and may play an important role in cardiovascular development.
authors.affiliation: Program of Developmental Cardiovascular Biology, Cardiovascular Program of Developmental Cardiovascular Biology, Cardiology Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maemura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukumoto
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Layne
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051784:Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000196:embryology* / Q000254:growth & development; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D019281:Dimerization; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006321:Heart / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development; D018257:Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D024510:Muscle Development; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development; D010802:Phylogeny; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection; D015003:Yeasts; D000099162:Endothelial PAS Domain-Containing Protein 1
chemical_list: D051784:Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000099162:Endothelial PAS Domain-Containing Protein 1; C497398:ARNT protein, rat; C497397:Arnt protein, mouse; C405694:Hairy, HRT1 protein; C485778:Hey2 protein, mouse