title: Leukemia initiated by PMLRARalpha: the PML domain plays a critical role while retinoic acid-mediated transactivation is dispensable.
abstract: The most common chromosomal translocation in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), t15;17(q22;q21), creates PMLRARalpha and RARalphaPML fusion genes. We previously developed a mouse model of APL by expressing PMLRARalpha in murine myeloid cells. In order to examine the mechanisms by which PMLRARalpha can initiate leukemia, we have now generated transgenic mice expressing PMLRARalpham4 and RARalpham4, proteins that are unable to activate transcription in response to retinoic acid. PMLRARalpham4 transgenic mice developed myeloid leukemia, demonstrating that transcriptional activation by PMLRARalpha is not required for leukemic transformation. The characteristics of the leukemias arising in the PMLRARalpham4 transgenic mice varied from those previously observed in our PMLRARalpha transgenic mice, indicating that ligand responsiveness may influence the phenotype of the leukemic cells. The leukemias that arose in PMLRARalpham4 transgenic mice did not differentiate in response to retinoic acid therapy. This result supports the hypothesis that a major therapeutic effect of retinoic acid is mediated directly through the PMLRARalpha protein. However, a variable effect on survival suggested that this agent may be of some benefit in APL even when leukemic cells are resistant to its differentiative effects. Transgenic mice expressing high levels of RARalpham4 have not developed leukemia, providing evidence that the PML domain of PMLRARalpha plays a specific and critical role in the pathogenesis of APL. (Blood. 2000;95:1541-1550)
authors.affiliation: G.W. Hooper Foundation and Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0100, USA.
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kogan
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Shultz
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Privalsky
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bishop
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics*; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D018450:Disease Progression; D015973:Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic / Q000187:drug effects*; D005799:Genes, Dominant; D006801:Humans; D007942:Leukemia, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics*; D015473:Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D016296:Mutagenesis; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology; D015514:Oncogene Proteins, Fusion / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology; D010641:Phenotype; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011828:Radiation Chimera; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D014162:Transfection; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D015514:Oncogene Proteins, Fusion; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C093476:promyelocytic leukemia-retinoic acid receptor alpha fusion oncoprotein; D014212:Tretinoin