title: Drop in relapse rate of MS by combination therapy of three different phosphodiesterase inhibitors.
abstract: Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDEIs), when used in combination, synergistically suppress TNFalpha production by various cells and also suppress experimental demyelination at very low concentrations. We conducted a pilot study to determine whether the combination of three PDEIs suppresses the relapse of MS at the usual therapeutic doses. Of the 12 relapsing remitting MS, the mean relapse rate/year dropped remarkably (from 3.08+/-3.32 to 0.92+/-1.86) after PDEI treatment. Seven out of 12 (58.3%) were relapse-free in the follow up period (499+/-142 days). The combination of three PDEIs can be safe and useful strategy for the future treatment of MS. - 58
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-0813, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suzumura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamuro
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tamaru
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takayanagi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012008:Recurrence; D013806:Theophylline / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014748:Vinca Alkaloids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014970:Xanthines / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014748:Vinca Alkaloids; D014970:Xanthines; C013983:vinpocetine; C032114:propentofylline; D013806:Theophylline