title: The international study of pregnancy outcome in women with maternal phenylketonuria: report of a 12-year study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this report was to update the results of the Maternal Phenylketonuria Collaborative Study, which was established to assess the efficacy of a phenylalanine-restricted diet in preventing morbidity among the offspring of women with hyperphenylalaninemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  During a 12-year period 576 women with hyperphenylalaninemia were enrolled in this study. Outcome measures were stratified according to classification of maternal hyperphenylalaninemia and the time at which dietary control of phenylalanine level was achieved.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Optimal physical and cognitive fetal outcomes occurred when maternal blood phenylalanine level <600 micromol/L was achieved by 8 to 10 weeks' gestation and maintained throughout pregnancy (trimester average, </=600 micromol/L).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The achievement of blood phenylalanine level control through a phenylalanine-restricted diet significantly diminished the occurrence of congenital abnormalities among offspring of women with hyperphenylalaninemia and improved early intellectual progress of these offspring.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Burns and Allen Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine 90048, USA.
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Platt
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Hanley
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Matalon
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rouse
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Trefz
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de la Cruz
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Güttler
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Azen
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Friedman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D018753:Diet, Protein-Restricted; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000196:embryology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine; D017042:Phenylketonuria, Maternal / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000196:embryology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012923:Social Class
chemical_list: D010649:Phenylalanine