title: Impaired mucosal defense to acute colonic injury in mice lacking cyclooxygenase-1 or cyclooxygenase-2.
abstract: To investigate roles in intestinal inflammation for the 2 cyclooxygenase (COX) isoforms, we determined susceptibility to spontaneous and induced acute colitis in mice lacking either the COX-1 or COX-2 isoform. We treated wild-type, COX-1(-/-), COX-2(-/-), and heterozygous mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to provoke acute colonic inflammation, and we quantified tissue damage, prostaglandin (PG) E(2), and interleukin-1beta. No spontaneous gastrointestinal inflammation was detected in mice homozygous for either mutation, despite almost undetectable basal intestinal PGE(2) production in COX-1(-/-) mice. Both COX-1(-/-) and COX-2(-/-) mice showed increased susceptibility to a low-dose of DSS that caused mild colonic epithelial injury in wild-type mice. COX-2(-/-) mice were more susceptible than COX-1(-/-) mice, and selective pharmacologic blockade of COX-2 potentiated injury in COX-1(-/-) mice. At a high dose, DSS treatment was fatal to 50% of the animals in each mutant group, but all wild-type mice survived. DSS treatment increased PGE(2) intestinal secretion in all groups except COX-2(-/-) mice. These results demonstrate that COX-1 and COX-2 share a crucial role in the defense of the intestinal mucosa (with inducible COX-2 being perhaps more active during inflammation) and that neither isoform is essential in maintaining mucosal homeostasis in the absence of injurious stimuli.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Morteau
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Morham
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sellon
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Dieleman
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Langenbach
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Smithies
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Sartor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology; D003092:Colitis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000401:mortality; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D003911:Dextrans / Q000494:pharmacology; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000473:pathology*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051379:Mice; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D009578:Nitrobenzenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D013431:Sulfates / Q000494:pharmacology; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D003911:Dextrans; D007375:Interleukin-1; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009578:Nitrobenzenes; D013431:Sulfates; D013449:Sulfonamides; C012036:sodium sulfate; C080955:N-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; C496512:Ptgs1 protein, mouse; D015232:Dinoprostone