title: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma C161-->T polymorphism and coronary artery disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) as a transcription factor plays an important role in lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, obesity, diabetes, foam cell formation and atherogenesis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We have studied distribution of the PPAR gamma C161-->T substitution at exon 6 in 647 Australian Caucasian patients aged < or = 65 years (484 men and 163 women) recruited consecutively, with or without angiographically documented coronary artery disease (CAD). The frequencies of the CC, CT and TT genotypes were 69.8%, 27.7% and 2.5% and the 'T' allele frequency 0.163. They were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and not different between men and women. The BMI and waist to hip ratio (WHR) among patients with CC, CT + TT genotypes were not different (P = 0.878, P = 0.677). However there was a significant association between the polymorphism and CAD. The 'T' allele carriers (CT + TT) had significantly reduced CAD risk compared to the CC homozygotes (odds ratio: 0.457, 95% CI: 0.273-0.763, P = 0.0045) in a logistic regression model after controlling other known risk factors. This reduced risk was particularly evident among CT heterozygotes (odds ratio: 0.466, 95% CI: 0.291-0.746, P = 0.0015), who also had lower apo B and total cholesterol to HDL-C ratios (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We report that the PPAR gamma C161-->T substitution is associated with a reduced CAD risk, particularly among CT heterozygous patients, but not with obesity in Australian Caucasian patients. It implicates that the PPAR gamma may have a significant role in atherogenesis, independent of obesity and of lipid abnormalities, possibly via a direct local vascular wall effect.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia. x.l.wang@unsw.edu.au
authors.forename: X L
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oosterhof
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Duarte
mesh_terms: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000032:analysis; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000032:analysis; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D017270:Lipoprotein(a) / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics*; D012306:Risk; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D017270:Lipoprotein(a); D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol