title: Effects of general anesthesia and surgery on renal function in healthy dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate renal function in healthy dogs undergoing general anesthesia and ovariohysterectomy without concurrent IV administration of fluids.
  
  
  METHODS
  35 healthy client-owned dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dogs were medicated with promazine hydrochloride (0.05 mg/kg of body weight, SC) approximately 45 minutes before induction of anesthesia with thiopental sodium (10 to 15 mg/kg, IV). Anesthesia was maintained with 2% halothane in oxygen. Ovariohysterectomies were performed by senior veterinary students under the direct supervision of a veterinary surgeon. Renal function was assessed (serum urea and creatinine concentrations, fractional clearance of sodium, urine alkaline phosphatase [ALP] and gamma-glutamyltransferase [GGT] activities, urine specific gravity, and enumeration of renal tubular epithelial cells in urine sediment) prior to and 24 and 48 hours after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Duration of general anesthesia ranged from 80 to 310 minutes. Urine specific gravity and ALP activity and serum urea and creatinine concentrations did not change over time. Fractional clearance of sodium decreased 24 and 48 hours after surgery, whereas urine GGT activity and the ratio of urine GGT activity to urine creatinine concentration increased 24 hours after surgery, compared with presurgery values. Renal tubular epithelial cells increased in number in urine sediment from 11 of 35 (31.4%) dogs and 5 of 35 (14.3%) dogs 24 and 48 hours after surgery, respectively. However, this increase was not clinically relevant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intravenous administration of fluids to healthy dogs undergoing general anesthesia and elective surgery may not be necessary for maintenance of renal homeostasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lobetti
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lambrechts
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000652:urine; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004285:Dogs; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology; D005260:Female; D007044:Hysterectomy / Q000662:veterinary*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D007677:Kidney Function Tests / Q000662:veterinary*; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000502:physiology; D010052:Ovariectomy / Q000662:veterinary*; D011395:Promazine / Q000494:pharmacology; D012016:Reference Values; D013874:Thiopental / Q000494:pharmacology; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood; D014556:Urine / Q000166:cytology; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D014508:Urea; D003404:Creatinine; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D013874:Thiopental; D011395:Promazine