title: Intraperitoneal photoimmunotherapy of ovarian carcinoma xenografts in nude mice using charged photoimmunoconjugates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of photoimmunoconjugates with cationic and anionic molecular charges on intraperitoneal photoimmunotherapy of ovarian cancer xenografts in nude mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  The photosensitizer chlorin(e6) (c(e6)) was conjugated via a poly-l-lysine linker to the F(ab')(2) fragment of the murine anti-ovarian cancer monoclonal antibody OC125, resulting in a photoimmunoconjugate with a pronounced cationic charge. Alternatively, by succinylating the poly-l-lysine conjugate, a photoimmunoconjugate with a pronounced anionic charge was obtained. A murine model of ovarian cancer derived from intraperitoneal inoculation of NIH:OVCAR-5 cells was employed. The conjugate was injected intraperitoneally followed after 3 h by red light delivered through a fiber into the peritoneal cavity. These photoimmunotherapy treatments were repeated three times, and the results obtained with the anionic and cationic photoimmunoconjugates were compared with those obtained with free c(e6) and control. The extent of residual macroscopic disease and death from disease were the evaluable outcomes for tumoricidal and survival studies, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In contrast to other intraperitoneal photosensitizers, mice showed no systemic toxicity or morbidity from the treatment. In this initial study the mean residual tumor weights in all treatment groups ranged from 33 to 73 mg, as compared with 330 mg in untreated controls (P < 0.0001), and the response to the cationic conjugate was significantly better than that to the anionic conjugate or free c(e6) (P < 0.005). The median survival for mice treated with cationic photoimmunoconjugate was 41 days, compared with 35 days in controls (P = 0.009).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Photoimmunotherapy with a cationic photoimmunoconjugate produces results superior to those obtained with an anionic conjugate, and further optimization of the treatment regimen may lead to a potential treatment for advanced ovarian cancer.
authors.affiliation: Wellman Laboratories of Photomedicine, Vincent Memorial Obstetrics and Gynecology Service, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Molpus
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Hamblin
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rizvi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hasan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000838:Anions; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D002412:Cations; D002735:Chlorophyllides; D005260:Female; D018796:Immunoconjugates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007167:Immunotherapy; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010789:Phototherapy; D011166:Porphyrins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000838:Anions; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D002412:Cations; D002735:Chlorophyllides; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D011166:Porphyrins; C062985:phytochlorin