title: Opposing role of mitogen-activated protein kinase subtypes, erk-1/2 and p38, in the regulation of chondrogenesis of mesenchymes.
abstract: The present studies were performed to determine subtype-specific roles of mitogen-activated protein kinase in chondrogenesis. Erk-1/2 activities, downstream of protein kinase C, decreased as chondrogenesis proceeded, whereas p38 activities, independent of protein kinase C, continuously increased during chondrogenesis. Inhibition of Erk-1/2 with PD98059 enhanced chondrogenesis up to 1. 7-fold, whereas inhibition of p38 with SB203580 reduced it to about 30% of the control level. Inhibition of Erk-1/2 or p38 did not affect precartilage condensation. However, cartilage nodule formation was significantly blocked by the inhibition of p38, whereas Erk-1/2 inhibition did not affect it. Modulation of chondrogenesis by the inhibition of Erk-1/2 and p38 was accompanied by altered expression of adhesion molecules in an opposite way. Expression of N-cadherin was reduced as chondrogenesis proceeded. Inhibition of p38 caused sustained expression of N-cadherin, whereas Erk-1/2 inhibition accelerated the reduction of N-cadherin expression. Expression of integrin alpha5beta1 and fibronectin were found to transiently increase during chondrogenesis. Inhibition of p38 caused continuous increase of expression of these molecules, whereas Erk-1/2 inhibition accelerated the decrease of expression of these molecules at a later period of chondrogenesis. Because temporal expression of these adhesion molecules regulates chondrogenesis, the above results indicate that Erk-1/2 and p38 conversely regulate chondrogenesis at post-precartilage condensation stages by modulating expression of adhesion molecules.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Kyungpook National University, Pook-Gu, Taegu 702-701, Korea.
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Chun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D015820:Cadherins / Q000378:metabolism; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism; D002455:Cell Division; D002458:Cell Fractionation; D002642:Chick Embryo; D020219:Chondrogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D016023:Integrins / Q000378:metabolism; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000201:enzymology*; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D019030:Receptors, Vitronectin; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013997:Time Factors; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D015820:Cadherins; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005353:Fibronectins; D016023:Integrins; D019030:Receptors, Vitronectin; C094340:integrin alphavbeta1; D003094:Collagen; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases