title: Moderate and severe endometriosis is associated with alterations in the cell cycle of granulosa cells in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether folliculogenesis is impaired in patients with endometriosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty women participating in an IVF program.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patients were divided into four groups according to the cause of their infertility: tubal factor (T), n = 7; male factor (M), n = 7; idiopathic (I), n = 7; and endometriosis (E), n = 9. Granulosa cells were obtained from the follicular fluid of each patient and analyzed by flow cytometry.
  
  
  METHODS
  The percentage of granulosa cells in each cell-cycle stage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean (+/- SD) rate of apoptosis in the granulosa cells obtained from the patients with endometriosis was the highest among the four groups (T = 11.7% +/- 3.3%; M = 5.6% +/- 3.8%; I = 9.6% +/- 5.1%; and E = 18.6% +/- 9.6%). The percentage of S-phase granulosa cells was significantly higher in the patients with endometriosis than in all the other patients combined (E = 12.5% +/- 6%; T + M + I = 9.3% +/- 2.9%). The percentage of G2/M-phase granulosa cells was significantly lower in the endometriosis group than in the other three groups combined (E = 2.3% +/- 2.5%; T + M + I = 4.6% +/- 2.1%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endometriosis impairs the cell cycle in granulosa cells. This phenomenon may have a detrimental effect on folliculogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Japan. mtoya@med.id.yamagata-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toya
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hiroi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000235:genetics; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006107:Granulosa Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D007248:Infertility, Male; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009865:Oocytes / Q000502:physiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013256:Steroids / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D013256:Steroids; D004247:DNA