title: Synthetic inhibitors of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa in clinical development.
abstract: Activation of the platelet glycoprotein (GP IIb/IIIa) receptor on the platelet surface is the final pathway of platelet aggregation, regardless of the initiating stimulus. Inhibitors of GP IIb/IIIa receptors include monoclonal antibodies (abciximab) against this receptor and peptidic and nonpeptidic synthetic specific receptor blockers. Abciximab exchanges between and binds to platelets for as long as 2 weeks, whereas synthetic GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors inhibit ex vivo platelet aggregation for only a few hours after the end of infusion, but some have the advantage of also being orally active. In the secondary prevention of atherothrombosis, large-scale trials were successfully conducted with aspirin, dipyridamole, ticlopidine, and clopidogrel. In the first large-scale trials with GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors, abciximab was investigated. In aggregate, synthetic GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors, combined with aspirin and heparin, were shown to reduce ischemic events in patients with high- and low-risk coronary intervention, stents, unstable angina, and non-Q-wave infarction. With short-term use of synthetic GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors, there is no suppression of clinical evident restenosis 6 months after the end of treatment. With the doses currently used, bleeding occurs more often with the synthetic GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors (used for 3 days) than with abciximab (used for 12 hours), but there are no direct comparisons between these drugs.
authors.affiliation: Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Verstraete
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D015539:Platelet Activation / Q000502:physiology; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D020521:Stroke / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex