title: Oscillatory patterns in sympathetic neural discharge and cardiovascular variables during orthostatic stimulus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We tested the hypothesis that a common oscillatory pattern might characterize the rhythmic discharge of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and the spontaneous variability of heart rate and systolic arterial pressure (SAP) during a physiological increase of sympathetic activity induced by the head-up tilt maneuver.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten healthy subjects underwent continuous recordings of ECG, intra-arterial pressure, respiratory activity, central venous pressure, and MSNA, both in the recumbent position and during 75 degrees head-up tilt. Venous samplings for catecholamine assessment were obtained at rest and during the fifth minute of tilt. Spectrum and cross-spectrum analyses of R-R interval, SAP, and MSNA variabilities and of respiratory activity provided the low (LF, 0.1 Hz) and high frequency (HF, 0.27 Hz) rhythmic components of each signal and assessed their linear relationships. Compared with the recumbent position, tilt reduced central venous pressure, but blood pressure was unchanged. Heart rate, MSNA, and plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine levels increased, suggesting a marked enhancement of overall sympathetic activity. During tilt, LF(MSNA) increased compared with the level in the supine position; this mirrored similar changes observed in the LF components of R-R interval and SAP variabilities. The increase of LF(MSNA) was proportional to the amount of the sympathetic discharge. The coupling between LF components of MSNA and R-R interval and SAP variabilities was enhanced during tilt compared with rest.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  During the sympathetic activation induced by tilt, a similar oscillatory pattern based on an increased LF rhythmicity characterized the spontaneous variability of neural sympathetic discharge, R-R interval, and arterial pressure.
authors.affiliation: Centro Ricerche Cardiovascolari, CNR, Medicina Interna II, Ospedale L. Sacco, and Centro LITA di Vialba, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy. raffaellof@fisiopat.sacco.unimi.it
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Furlan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Porta
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tank
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schiavi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malliani
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mosqueda-Garcia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D010507:Periodicity; D010543:Peroneal Nerve / Q000502:physiology; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine