title: Tumour necrosis factor alpha enhances the expression of hydroxyl lyase, cytoplasmic antiproteinase-2 and a dual specificity kinase TTK in human chondrocyte-like cells.
abstract: Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is a cytokine with pleiotropic effects on cells ranging from proliferation to apoptosis. These biological effects of TNF-alpha are believed to be elicited by the induction or enhancement of the expression of TNF-alpha responsive genes in the target cells. TNF-alpha is pro-inflammatory and a principal mediator in the pathogenesis of arthritis. The activation of an inflammatory cascade by TNF-alpha in arthritis results in the degradation of cartilage, joint destruction and loss of function. Because TNF-alpha is an important mediator in the pathogenesis of arthritis, the present study addresses the identification of novel TNF-alpha responsive genes in HTB-94 cell line which is of human origin and maintains a chondrocytic phenotype. The three identified cDNAs were previously not known to be induced or upregulated by TNF-alpha in chondrocytes or cells of chondrocytic lineage. One of the identified cDNAs had sequence similarity to human hydroxyl lyase mRNA (PLOD), an enzyme involved in collagen biosynthesis and its metabolism; the second cDNA had sequence similarity to the human cytoplasmic anti-proteinase-2 mRNA (CAP-2), a member of a group of proteins shown to be associated with protecting cells from TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis; and the third cDNA had sequence similarity to a dual specificity kinase, TTK, which is associated with cell proliferation. Relative gene expression level analysis by PCR and by Northern blotting revealed that treatment with TNF-alpha enhanced the expression of PLOD, CAP2 and TTK transcripts which confirmed the results obtained with display gels. Furthermore, TTK mRNA expression was also induced in human articular chondrocytes treated with TNF-alpha but not in untreated chondrocytes. Our results suggest that these genes may play a role in chondrocytic responses to TNF-alpha-mediated stimuli affecting the cartilage homeostasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106-4946, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ah-Kim
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Sofi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Glickberg
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Malemud
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Moskowitz
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Haqqi
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002460:Cell Line; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D008240:Procollagen-Lysine, 2-Oxoglutarate 5-Dioxygenase / Q000235:genetics*; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015843:Serpins / Q000235:genetics*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D017931:DNA Primers; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C108403:SERPINB8 protein, human; D015843:Serpins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D008240:Procollagen-Lysine, 2-Oxoglutarate 5-Dioxygenase; D011494:Protein Kinases; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C075840:TTK protein, human; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3