title: Posterior epidural space depth: safety of the loss of resistance and hanging drop techniques.
abstract: We have compared skin to epidural space distance (SED) and tip to tip distance (TTD), a measure of posterior epidural space depth (PESD), in 40 patients with a 27-gauge Whitacre needle after identification of the epidural space using the hanging drop (HD) or loss of resistance (LOR) to air technique. After the LOR technique, TTD was found to be 2 mm greater than that after the HD technique, whereas SED was the same. We conclude that identification of the epidural space can be performed successfully with both techniques, but with a diminished risk of dural damage after LOR compared with the HD technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium.
authors.forename: V L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Vercauteren
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Vreugde
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Hans
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Coppejans
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Adriaensen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000388:Air; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D004824:Epidural Space / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006261:Headache / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged