title: Optimal route of administration of mixed endothelin receptor antagonist (TAK-044) in liver transplantation.
abstract: It is well known that endothelin-1(ET-1) is a factor involved in the pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion injury. This study was undertaken to investigate the optimal route (intravenous vs intraportal) for administering mixed endothelin receptor antagonist (TAK-044) in a liver transplantation. First, in a rat isolated liver cold-perfusion model, the pharmacodynamics of TAK-044 and endothelin-1 (ET) in the liver tissue and the systemic circulation after cold perfusion were compared in the different administration routes. Next, in a rat orthotopic transplantation model, we compared the hepatoprotective effect of TAK-044 among different administration routes. In each model, there were three groups: IV group, intravenous injection of TAK-044 (10mg/kg) immediately before cold perfusion or anhepatic phase; IP group, intraportal administration with cold perfusion solution or with reflush solution for the graft; control group, no treatment. In the cold perfusion model, liver tissue ET level increased to a similar extent after reperfusion in the three groups, and the plasma and liver tissue TAK-044 concentrations after reperfusion were highest in the IV group. However, the increase in plasma ET was also greatest, and therefore, the ratio of liver tissue to plasma TAK-044 was lower in the IV group compared with the IP group. In the transplantation model, elevation of plasma ET was significantly higher in the IV group. Leakage of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), sinusoidal narrowing, and cell swelling after grafting were significantly suppressed in the IP group. We conclude that intraportal administration before reperfusion offers more efficient accumulation of TAK-044 in the liver tissue, without harmful systemic elevation of ET, and achieves a hepatoprotective effect on the graft compared with intravenous administration.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamanaka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Onishi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yamanaka
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Okamoto
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin / Q000378:metabolism; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D019332:Endothelin-1; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin; C088196:TAK 044; D000410:Alanine Transaminase