title: Open-loop accommodation in emmetropia and myopia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the influence of method of measurement and refractive error on the open-loop accommodation response.
  
  
  METHODS
  Open-loop accommodation was measured in darkness (dark accommodation, DA) and using a pinhole pupil (pinhole accommodation, PA) in emmetropic subjects (EMMs, n = 63), subjects with late-onset myopia (LOMs, n = 50) and subjects with early onset myopia (EOMs, n = 51). Further a control experiment examined the differences between DA and bright-field accommodation (BA) conditions in a subset of subjects. All measurements of open-loop accommodation were carried out monocularly using a Canon R1 infra-red optometer in static recording mode. All myopic subjects were fully corrected using soft contact lenses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant variation (p < 0.001) in open-loop accommodation was found between DA and PA, but no variation in open-loop level was observed between the three refractive groups. There was no interaction between these two factors. No significant difference was found between the BA level and DA level in any of the refractive groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Open-loop accommodation response positions vary according to the experimental conditions employed during measurement. No refractive group differences in the open-loop response were apparent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Optometry, University of Bradford, England.
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Strang
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Gilmartin
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Winfield
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Winn
mesh_terms: D000065:Accommodation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003623:Dark Adaptation; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D009216:Myopia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011680:Pupil; D012029:Refraction, Ocular; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000503:physiopathology*