title: Accidental removal of endotracheal and nasogastric tubes and intravascular catheters.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the rates of accidental removal of endotracheal tubes, nasogastric tubes, central venous catheters, and arterial catheters. To assess the efficacy of corrective measures aimed at reducing the accidental removal of these devices.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, observational, and interventional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen-bed medical-surgical intensive care unit of a 650-bed tertiary care hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients admitted to the intensive care unit who had any of the following devices in place for more than 24 hrs: endotracheal tube, nasogastric tube, central venous catheter, arterial catheter.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected on the date of placement of tubes and catheters, position of vascular catheters, date of removal, and reason for removal. The study involved three consecutive 6-month periods. At the end of the first and the second periods, information about rates of accidental removal was provided to the physicians and nurses. In addition, the personnel were instructed to be more vigilant and specific measures aimed at reducing the accidental removal were introduced.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the first period, 289 endotracheal tubes were placed and 13.1% (24.7 per 1000 days) were removed accidentally. In the second and third periods, 17.1% (25.5 per 1000 days) and 11.4% (15.1 per 1000 days) were removed accidentally, respectively. In the first period, 368 nasogastric tubes were placed and 41% (73.9 per 1000 days) were removed accidentally. In both the second and the third period, a significant reduction in the rate of accidental removal was observed (32.4% or 41.2 per 1000 days and 25.8% or 29.8 per 1000 days, respectively). A significant decrease was observed in the rates of accidental removal of central venous catheters from 7.5% (12.4 per 1000 days) in the first period to 3.6% (5.4 per 1000 days) in the second period. The rate of arterial catheters accidentally removed expressed according to the time at risk significantly decreased from 46.5 per 1000 days in the first period to 19.1 per 1000 days in the second period and 25.3 per 1000 days in the third period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The information provided by the rates of accidental removal expressed by patient-days is helpful to compare results obtained in populations with different times of follow-up. Education of medical personnel and limiting upper-extremity access to within 20 cm from any catheter or tube resulted in a significant reduction of patient-related removal of tubes and catheters.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Carrión
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ayuso
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marcos
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paz Robles
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: de la Cal
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Alía
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Esteban
mesh_terms: D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D003422:Critical Care / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000592:standards*; D007440:Intubation; D007441:Intubation, Gastrointestinal; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D019300:Medical Errors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care; D013030:Spain