title: In vitro cloning of complex mixtures of DNA on microbeads: physical separation of differentially expressed cDNAs.
abstract: We describe a method for cloning nucleic acid molecules onto the surfaces of 5-micrometer microbeads rather than in biological hosts. A unique tag sequence is attached to each molecule, and the tagged library is amplified. Unique tagging of the molecules is achieved by sampling a small fraction (1%) of a very large repertoire of tag sequences. The resulting library is hybridized to microbeads that each carry approximately 10(6) strands complementary to one of the tags. About 10(5) copies of each molecule are collected on each microbead. Because such clones are segregated on microbeads, they can be operated on simultaneously and then assayed separately. To demonstrate the utility of this approach, we show how to label and extract microbeads bearing clones differentially expressed between two libraries by using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS). Because no prior information about the cloned molecules is required, this process is obviously useful where sequence databases are incomplete or nonexistent. More importantly, the process also permits the isolation of clones that are expressed only in given tissues or that are differentially expressed between normal and diseased states. Such clones then may be spotted on much more cost-effective, tissue- or disease-directed, low-density planar microarrays.
authors.affiliation: Lynx Therapeutics, Inc., 25861 Industrial Boulevard, Hayward, CA 94545, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brenner
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Vermaas
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Storck
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McCollum
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Kirchner
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eletr
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: DuBridge
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Burcham
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Albrecht
mesh_terms: D003001:Cloning, Molecular / Q000379:methods*; D015342:DNA Probes; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008863:Microspheres; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009691:Nucleic Acid Denaturation; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D015342:DNA Probes; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate