title: Alternative splicing of GAD67 results in the synthesis of a third form of glutamic-acid decarboxylase in human islets and other non-neural tissues.
abstract: Two forms of glutamic-acid decarboxylase (GAD) have been identified in mammalian tissues: a 65-kDa form (GAD65) and a 67-kDa form (GAD67). Alternate splicing produces one or two smaller variants of GAD67 in the brain of embryonic mice and rats. Additionally, a short, heretofore unidentified transcript homologous to GAD67 has been detected in human testis RNA. Because GAD, the enzyme responsible for gamma-aminobutyric acid production and a key autoantigen in type I diabetes, has unclear function in non-neural tissue, it is important to understand its pattern of expression. Unlike GAD65, GAD67 is not produced in human pancreatic islets. Here, we describe a novel splice variant of GAD67 that is produced in human islets, testis, adrenal cortex, and perhaps other endocrine tissues, but not in brain. This transcript directs the synthesis of a protein without GAD enzymatic activity: GAD25. A unique peptide sequence at the carboxyl terminus of GAD25 is highly conserved between mice, rats, and humans. We conclude that humans produce a third form of GAD in non-neural tissues and that human islets, although they do not synthesize full-length GAD67, do express this shortened variant.
authors.affiliation: Robert H. Williams Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7710, USA. chessler@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Chessler
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lernmark
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000201:enzymology*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D013737:Testis / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D007527:Isoenzymes; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase; C402565:glutamate decarboxylase 1