title: Frequency of bitemporal independent interictal epileptiform discharges in temporal lobe epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bitemporal interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) occur in < or =42% of scalp EEGs in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) studied with routine EEGs or partial analysis of long-term recordings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight patients with TLE demonstrating exclusively unilateral temporal IEDs on routine EEGs underwent 24-h continuous recording. The entire record was visually inspected for epileptiform discharges. We used continuous EEG to assess the significance of long-term recording in detecting bilateral IEDs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-two patients had left temporal IEDs; 21 had right temporal IEDs. Seventeen (61%) patients had IEDs originating from both the right and left temporal lobes. The probability of detecting bilateral independent IEDs was correlated with the duration of continuous EEG recording. There was no correlation between the number of IEDs originating from one side and the probability of detecting independent IEDs on the other side. The frequencies of IEDs were not correlated with the length of time since onset of epilepsy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that when long-term recordings are performed, the incidence of bilateral discharges in TLE is higher than previously reported in the literature and supports the view that TLE is commonly a bilateral disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ergene
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Blum
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: So
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017286:Polysomnography / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013997:Time Factors