title: Effect of feather meal as a source of valine for lactating sows.
abstract: An experiment was conducted to evaluate feather meal as a source of Val in lactating sow diets. Sows (five farrowing groups; mean parity = 2.34) were allotted to one of two dietary treatments on the basis of ancestry, parity, and weight and date of d 110 of gestation. The treatment diets included 1) corn-soybean meal lactation diet (n = 40) or 2) corn-soybean meal lactation diet with 2.5% feather meal (n = 39). The diets were formulated on an equal Lys basis. All litters were adjusted to 10 pigs within 24 h after farrowing, and all sows weaned at least nine pigs. Sows were bled at 110 d of gestation and at weaning, and serum urea N was determined. Backfat thickness was determined ultrasonically at 110 d of gestation and at weaning. Serum urea N and backfat thickness at d 110 of gestation were used as covariates for serum urea N and backfat thickness at weaning, respectively. The litter response criteria (weaning weight, litter weight gain, and percentage survival) were not affected (P > .10) by feather meal. The sow response criteria (weaning weight, weight loss per day, weaning backfat thickness, change in backfat thickness, ADFI, and days to estrus) were not affected (P > .10) by feather meal. Sows fed feather meal had increased (P < .01) serum urea N and tended (P = .15) to have decreased sow weaning weight. Following the initial analysis of the data, the data set was split into two groups: 1) sows with litters gaining less than 2.17 kg/d (n = 19 and 20 for control and feather meal diets, respectively) and 2) sows with litters gaining more than 2.17 kg/d (n = 21 and 19 for control and feather meal diets, respectively). These two groups were analyzed separately. In sows with litters gaining less than 2.17 kg/d, the litter and sow criteria were not affected (P > .10) by treatment. In sows with litters gaining more than 2.17 kg/d, sow weaning weight was decreased (P < .04) and sow weight loss (P < .02) and serum urea N (P < .01) were increased in sows fed feather meal. Feather meal (as a source of Val) did not improve litter weight gain, but it increased serum urea N.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge 70803-4210, USA. Isouthern@agctr.Isu.edu
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Southern
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: LeMieux
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Bidner
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Knowles
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D005241:Feathers; D005260:Female; D007774:Lactation; D013552:Swine / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D014633:Valine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014633:Valine