title: Can the MMPI-2 validity scales detect depression feigned by experts?
abstract: Major depression is one of the most frequently presented disorders for claims of psychiatric disability. Evidence also suggests that many individuals making claims of disability exaggerate or even fabricate mental illness. These facts suggest that the detection of feigned depression is an important task in psychiatric disability claim assessments. In this study, the capacity of a number of MMPI-2 validity scales and indicators to detect feigned depression was examined. Twenty-three mental health professionals with specific expertise and significant experience in assessing and treating major depression were asked to complete the MMPI-2 as if they were suffering from major depression. The MMPI-2 protocols of this sample were compared to those of a sample of patients diagnosed with major depression. Results indicated that the validity scales F, back F (FB), and the Dissimulation scale (Ds) were highly successful at distinguishing MMPI-2 protocols of feigned depression from bona fide depression. Replicating results from previous studies, however, FB proved most effective, outperforming all other validity scales and indicators, including F and Ds. These findings suggest that even experts are unable to feign major depression successfully on the MMPI-2, and that the FB scale might be the most effective indicator for detecting feigned depression.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Clarke Division, University of Toronto, Canada. michael_bagby@camh.net
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Bagby
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Nicholson
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Buis
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Bacchiochi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D008192:Deception; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008950:MMPI / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008306:Malingering / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results