title: Evaluation of pigmented intraorifice barriers in endodontically treated teeth.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of three pigmented glass ionomer cements used as intraorifice barriers to prevent coronal microleakage. One hundred ten extracted mandibular human premolars were divided into four experimental groups of 25 teeth each and two control groups of 5 teeth each. The experimental teeth were instrumented and obturated using thermoplasticized gutta-percha and AH26 sealer. Group 1 teeth received no further treatment. Teeth in groups 2 through 4 had 1 of 3 pigmented glass ionomers (Vitrebond, GC America, and Ketac-Bond) placed as an intraorifice barrier. Positive control teeth were instrumented but not obturated. The negative control teeth were instrumented, obturated, and externally sealed with epoxy resin. The coronal 3 mm of each root was sealed into the lumen of an 18-mm segment of latex surgical tubing. After the apparatus was sterilized, 2.0 ml of a 24 h growth of Proteus vulgaris in trypticase soy broth (TSB) was placed in the coronal reservoir of the tooth. The inoculated apparatus was placed into a presterilized test tube containing 1.5 ml of TSB and incubated for 90 days at 37 degrees C. The TSB in the lower reservoir was observed daily for turbidity, which would indicate leakage along the full length of the obturated root canal. To determine if differences in microbial leakage occurred among the four experimental groups, Pearson's chi 2 and Fisher's exact tests were performed. The confidence level was set at 95%. The positive and negative controls validated the microbial testing method. The teeth without an intraorifice barrier leaked significantly more than teeth with Vitrebond intraorifice barriers (p < 0.05). The difference in leakage among the experimental glass ionomer barriers was not significant (p > 0.05).
authors.affiliation: I. B. Bender Division of Endodontics, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Wolcott
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Hicks
authors.forename: V T
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Himel
mesh_terms: D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D006801:Humans; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D012389:Root Canal Obturation / Q000379:methods*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D019553:Tooth, Nonvital
chemical_list: C091837:GC dentin cement; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; C061499:Ketac-Bond; C067790:Vitrabond