title: Subjective visual experience during phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation under topical anesthesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the subjective visual experience of patients during phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation under topical anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Postoperative questionnaire survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study cohort consisted of 52 patients with cataracts. There were 18 male (34.6%) and 34 female (65.4%) patients. Their mean (+/- SD) age was 67.5 (+/-10.8) years.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patients underwent routine phacoemulsification and IOL implantation under topical anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patients were interviewed on the same day after their operation regarding their visual experience in the operated eye during surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients (100%) reported that they could see at least some light during the surgery. Some patients reported they could also see one or more colors (50 patients, 96.2%), movements (32 patients, 61.5%), flashes (24 patients, 46.2%), the surgeon's fingers/hands (13 patients, 25%), instruments (12 patients, 23.1%), and/or the surgeon (4 patients, 7.7%). The colors seen included red (24 patients, 46.2%), yellow (23 patients, 44.2%), blue (12 patients, 23.1%), green (7 patients, 13.5%), and orange (6 patients, 11.5%). Eight patients (15.4%) saw the spectrum of colors similar to that of the rainbow. Twenty-four patients (46.2%) reported that the brightness of light changed during the course of the operation. Eight patients (15.4%) found their visual experience frightening. There was no statistically significant association between those who found the visual experience frightening and the sex or age of the patient, a history of cataract operation in the fellow eye, the type of visual sensation experienced, or the presence of coexisting ocular pathology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All patients undergoing phacoemulsification under topical anesthesia experience a variety of visual sensations that may be frightening in a small proportion of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Au Eong
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Low
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Heng
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aung
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: V S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Yong
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003118:Color Perception; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019654:Lens Implantation, Intraocular; D008297:Male; D009039:Motion Perception; D018918:Phacoemulsification; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local