title: Dendritic cells generated from CD34+ progenitor cells with flt3 ligand, c-kit ligand, GM-CSF, IL-4, and TNF-alpha are functional antigen-presenting cells resembling mature monocyte-derived dendritic cells.
abstract: Dendritic cells (DCs) are powerful antigen-presenting cells. Because DCs are rare cells, methods to produce them in vitro are valuable ways to study their biologic properties and to generate cells for immunotherapy. This study defines the antigen-presenting properties of DCs generated in vitro from CD34+ cells of patients with breast cancer. The combination of cytokines flt3 ligand + c-kit ligand + granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) + interleukin-4 (IL-4) + tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) was used to maximize the output of mature DCs in the culture of CD34+ cells while minimizing the production of monocytes. Cells grew and differentiated into DCs as measured by a time-dependent upregulation of cell surface antigens major histocompatibility complex class II, CD1a, CD80, CD86, CD40, and CD4, so that 40% +/- 9% (n = 6) of cells in culture at day 15 were CD1a+CD14-. Markers were acquired in the same sequence as on monocytes induced to differentiate with GM-CSF + IL-4. Differentiation was marked by a time-dependent increase in allostimulatory function, which, at its peak, was more potent than in cultures of DCs generated from monocytes with GM-CSF + IL-4, but was comparable on a cell-to-cell basis to that of mature monocytes cultured in flt3-ligand + c-kit-ligand + GM-CSF + IL-4 + TNF-alpha. Both CD34+ cell-derived and monocyte-derived DCs were able to process and to present tetanus toxoid and keyhole limpet hemocyanin to autologous T cells and to present major histocompatibility class I-binding peptides to CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes inducing interferon-gamma production. Altogether, these results suggest that DCs generated from CD34+ cells of patients with breast cancer with flt3 ligand, c-kit ligand, GM-CSF, IL-4, and TNF-alpha are competent antigen-presenting cells, particularly for CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and resemble mature monocyte-derived DCs in the assays described here.
authors.affiliation: Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ferlazzo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Paliard
authors.forename: W Z
authors.initials: WZ
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Galy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017951:Antigen Presentation / Q000276:immunology; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000276:immunology; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005260:Female; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007519:Isoantigens / Q000276:immunology; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D012995:Solubility; D019089:Stem Cell Factor / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D018952:Antigens, CD34; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D007519:Isoantigens; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D019089:Stem Cell Factor; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C084881:flt3 ligand protein; D015847:Interleukin-4; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor