title: Low-dose epinephrine supports plasma glucose in fasted elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: Recent studies indicate that endogenous epinephrine provides protection against hypoglycemia in fasted elderly patients with type 2 diabetes treated with sulfonylureas. To establish a dose-response relationship and further characterize this hormonal action, 10 subjects with type 2 diabetes aged 67 +/- 1.3 years and receiving glyburide 20 mg daily were studied on 3 separate occasions. Saline placebo, half dose epinephrine ([Epi] 0.375 microg/min), and full dose Epi (0.75 microg/min) were infused during the final 10 hours of a 28-hour fast in a paired, randomized single-blind study to simulate physiologic epinephrine levels. Substrate and hormonal parameters and glucose production (Rd), disposal (Rd), and metabolic clearance rates were determined every 30 minutes. In the placebo study, the mean decline in plasma glucose during the final 10 hours of fasting was -2.7 +/- 0.6 mmol/L, compared with -0.3 +/- 0.3 mmol/L in the half dose Epi study and an actual increase in glucose of 1.0 +/- 0.8 mmol/L in the full dose Epi study (P < .001). There was a similar decline in the glucose Ra in all 3 studies, and the glucose Rd was not significantly different among the 3 study conditions. The baseline-adjusted metabolic clearance rate of glucose was significantly decreased during the epinephrine studies compared with the placebo study (P = .01). The concentration of other counterregulatory hormones did not differ between the studies. We conclude that low physiologic concentrations of epinephrine prevent the progressive decline in plasma glucose observed during fasting in elderly sulfonylurea-treated patients with type 2 diabetes. This finding may be attributable to a relative insulin resistance induced by epinephrine, resulting in a decreased rate of glucose clearance by cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, and General Clinical Research Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Burge
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kamin
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Timm
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Qualls
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Schade
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D011941:Receptors, Adrenergic / Q000187:drug effects; D016037:Single-Blind Method
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin; D011941:Receptors, Adrenergic; D004837:Epinephrine