title: Overexpression of Fas-ligand by neuroblastoma: a novel mechanism of tumor-cell killing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Binding of Fas ligand (Fas-L) to the membrane-bound Fas receptor incites a series of intracellular events that results in programmed cell death or apoptosis. Although this apoptotic phenomenon plays a key role in down-regulating cytotoxic T cells, the authors have shown previously that pancreatic beta cells (bTC) overexpressing Fas-L paradoxically undergo accelerated rejection that is dependent on a Fas/Fas-L interaction. This study evaluates whether a neuroblastoma (NB) cell line manipulated to overexpress Fas-L undergoes similar destruction and whether tumor-specific protective immunity can be produced.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors transfected NB cells (SK-N-MC) with either mFas-L cloned into a pcDNA3.1/Zeo plasmid vector (NB/Fas-L) or with the vector alone (NB/control). Successful transfection of Fas-L was characterized by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the ability of transfectants to induce apoptosis of Fas-sensitive T cells (Jurkat). Expression of Fas and Fas-L in untransfected NB clones was characterized by immunohistochemistry and RNase protection assay (RPA). Apoptosis was measured by FACScan analysis using an Annexin V assay. A total of 3x10(6) NB/control and NB/Fas-L cells were implanted subcutaneously into the hind leg of Balb/C SCID mice. Tumor-specific protective immunity was also tested in this model by inoculating mice with NB/Fas-L before implanting NB/control cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Zeocin resistance and RT-PCR confirmed successful transfection of Fas-L into NB cells. Fas Ligand transfectants induced apoptosis in 17.6%+/-2.9% of Fas-sensitive T cells, whereas controls induced apoptosis in only 2.8%+/-1.2% (P = .01, n = 3). Although Fas appears to be constitutively expressed by NB in low amounts, introduction of Fas-L into NB cells did not induce suicide or affect tumor cell growth in vitro. In vivo, NB cells expressing Fas-L failed to grow in SCID mice (n = 3), whereas controls grew rapidly in all animals until death (n = 3). NB/control cells implanted into the opposite leg of mice that rejected initial NB/Fas-L transfectants also grew rapidly (n = 3) implying no protective immunity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overexpression of Fas-L in NB clones targets such cells for rapid destruction even in immune compromised hosts, suggesting potential utility of Fas-L in combating NB. In this SCID mouse model, the observed effect is probably neutrophil mediated and does not provide tumor-specific protective immunity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takamizawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bishop
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sandler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016513:Mice, SCID; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019014:fas Receptor