title: Cigarette smoking and epithelial ovarian cancer by histologic type.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine cigarette smoking as a risk factor for different types of epithelial ovarian cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used data from the Cancer and Steroid Hormone Study, a multicenter, population-based, case control investigation. Cases were 447 women aged 20-54 years with diagnoses of epithelial ovarian cancer. Controls were 3868 women selected by random-digit dialing. Conditional logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) as estimators of the relative risk of ovarian cancer. With age and study site as conditioning variables, OR point estimates were additionally adjusted for parity and use of oral contraceptives.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The OR of mucinous epithelial ovarian cancer for women who had ever smoked was 2.3 (95% CI 1.4, 3.9) and for current smokers was 2.9 (95% CI 1.7, 4.9). The OR of mucinous tumors for current smokers was significantly elevated regardless of years since first cigarette or age at which women first smoked. The OR of mucinous tumors for current smokers increased slightly as cumulative pack-years of smoking increased, although the trend was not significant. Similar patterns of elevated risk were not observed among serous, endometrioid, or other histologic types. Odds ratio point estimates for former smokers were not significantly elevated for any histologic type.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Current cigarette smoking was a risk factor for mucinous epithelial ovarian cancer, but not other histologic types.
authors.affiliation: Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Marchbanks
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bastos
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Cramer
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Schildkraut
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Peterson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014481:United States