Toll signaling pathways in the innate immune response.
The Toll signaling pathway, which is required for the establishment of the dorsal-ventral axis in Drosophila embryos, plays an important role in the response of larval and adult Drosophila to microbial infections. Recent genetic evidence has shown that a mammalian Toll-like receptor, mouse Tlr4, is the signal transducing receptor activated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Thus, Toll-like receptors appear to detect a variety of microbial components and to trigger a defensive reaction in both Drosophila and mammals. Genetic data from both Drosophila and mice have defined components required for activation of Toll-like receptors and for the downstream pathways activated by the Toll-like receptors.
Anderson
K V
KV
Molecular Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10021, USA. k-anderson@ski.mskcc.org
D000818:Animals; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000276:immunology; D004330:Drosophila / Q000276:immunology; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D007107:Immune System / Q000378:metabolism*; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008322:Mammals / Q000276:immunology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018448:Models, Immunological; D009181:Mycoses / Q000276:immunology; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism*; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051198:Toll-Like Receptor 5; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors
D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D019476:Insect Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; C068721:Tl protein, Drosophila; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051198:Toll-Like Receptor 5; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; C495341:tehao protein, Drosophila