title: E4 allele dosage does not predict cholinergic activity or synapse loss in Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype and both cholinergic dysfunction and synapse loss in AD.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  A reduction in neocortical synapses and marked losses in the cholinergic system occur in AD. It has been suggested that the number of APOE epsilon4 alleles is inversely related to choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity, thereby influencing cholinergic function. Whether APOE genotype may influence neocortical synapse loss remains unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  An autopsy series of 182 patients with AD (National Institute on Aging and Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease criteria) and 16 normal controls (NC). APOE genotype was determined in blood samples or in postmortem brain tissue. Midfrontal synapse counts (AU/microg) were quantified by a dot-immunobinding assay for synaptophysin (Syn). Midfrontal ChAT activity (nmol/h/100 mg) was assessed using standard assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean midfrontal ChAT activity and Syn were both significantly reduced in patients with AD compared with NC. The relationship between ChAT activity and number of epsilon4 allele copies in AD was complex, with ChAT activity lower in patients with either two or no epsilon4 alleles compared with those with one epsilon4 allele. There was no relationship between APOE genotype and synapse loss in AD. Syn density was almost identical across the three genotypes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Unlike other studies, we failed to detect a linear relationship between ChAT activity and number of epsilon4 allele copies in the midfrontal cortex of this large sample of patients with AD. Our data also show that the presence of epsilon4 allele does not influence midfrontal synapse loss in AD. This suggests that factors other than APOE genotype may be operative in the decline in midfrontal cholinergic function and synapses seen in AD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA. jcoreybl@vapop.ucsd.edu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Corey-Bloom
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tiraboschi
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alford
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schoos
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Sabbagh
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Masliah
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Thal
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000483:Alleles; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics*; D001344:Autopsy; D002795:Choline O-Acetyltransferase / Q000032:analysis; D002799:Cholinergic Fibers / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000473:pathology; D018628:Gene Dosage; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D013569:Synapses / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D002795:Choline O-Acetyltransferase