title: The effects of clonidine on ropivacaine 0.75% in axillary perivascular brachial plexus block.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The new long-acting local anesthetic ropivacaine is a chemical congener of bupivacaine and mepivacaine. The admixture of clonidine to local anesthetics in peripheral nerve block has been reported to result in a prolonged block. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of clonidine added to ropivacaine on onset, duration and quality of brachial plexus block.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomly allocated into two groups. In group I brachial plexus was performed using 40 ml of ropivacaine 0.75% plus 1 ml of NaCL 0.9%, and in group II brachial plexus was performed using 40 ml of ropivacaine 0.75% plus 1 ml (0.150 mg) of clonidine. Onset of sensory and motor block of radial, ulnar, median and musculocutaneous nerve were recorded. Motor block was evaluated by quantification of muscle force, according to a rating scale from 6 (normal contraction force) to 0 (complete paralysis). Sensory block was evaluated by testing response to a pinprick in the associated innervation areas. Finally, the duration of the sensory block was registered. Data were expressed in mean+/-SD. For statistical analysis a Student t-test was used. A P-value of < or = 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The duration of blockade was without significant difference between the groups. Group I: 718+/-90 min; Group II: 727+/-117 min. There was no intergroup difference in sensory and motor onset or in quality of blockade.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of clonidine to ropivacaine 0.75% does not lead to any advantage of block of the brachial plexus when compared with pure ropivacaine 0.75%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and General Intensive Care, University of Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Erlacher
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schuschnig
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Orlicek
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marhofer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koinig
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kapral
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000577:Amides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001365:Axilla; D001917:Brachial Plexus; D003000:Clonidine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009407:Nerve Block; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000700:Analgesics; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D003000:Clonidine