title: Dual mode antimony electrode for simultaneous measurements of PO2 and pH.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In biomedical research and clinical medicine there is a demand for potent sensors to measure the components that make up blood gas analyses. Today, as when the electrochemical PO2, PCO2 and pH electrodes were first introduced, these measurements are usually made with the same type of sensor technology. The aims of the present study were, firstly, to find out whether the platinum cathode in the Clark electrode can be replaced by antimony for oxygen measurements (amperometry (A)); secondly, whether, during oxygen measurements, the inherent corrosion potential of the antimony metal can be used for measurement of pH in the same measurement area (potentiometry (P)).
  
  
  METHODS
  An electrode of purified, crystallographically orientated monocrystalline antimony (COMA) connected to a reference electrode (silver-silver chloride) was used for the P measurements. Measurements of A (at -900 mV) and P were made in an aqueous environment regulated for oxygen, pH, and temperature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reproducible oxygen sensitivities of 0.925 nA/% oxygen (2% CV (coefficient of variation)) (A), 10.7 mV/% (P), and 0.7 mV/% (P) were found in the oxygen range: 0-21%, <5%, and above 5%, respectively. The pH sensitivity was 57 mV/pH unit (P). Oxygen and pH measurements were less accurate at oxygen concentrations close to 0%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both the oxygen and pH part of the composite electrode signal can be identified by this dual mode technique (A and P). The sensor seems to be promising as it provides measurements of two separate variables (oxygen and pH) and also has the desirable characteristics of a solid state sensor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Linköping University Hospital, Sweden.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sjöberg
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nilsson
mesh_terms: D000965:Antimony; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004566:Electrodes; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
chemical_list: D000965:Antimony