title: Blepharoptosis and central nervous system abnormalities in combined valproate and hydantoin embryopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a case of intrauterine anticonvulsant exposure with subsequent ocular adnexal manifestations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case report.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An 18-month-old child with known anticonvulsant embryopathy was referred for the management of bilateral congenital blepharoptosis. Physical examination confirmed ocular and nonocular external manifestations of valproate and hydantoin embryopathies. Cavum septum pellucidum, mild sulcation defects, and cerebellar atrophy were identified on neuroimaging.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our knowledge, our patient represents the second reported case of anomalous septum pellucidum after intrauterine valproate exposure. Clinicians evaluating patients with craniofacial features associated with intrauterine valproate exposure should recognize that concomitant anomalies of the central nervous system, including the septum pellucidum, might exist.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri-Columbia, USA.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Gigantelli
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Braddock
authors.forename: L N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced / Q000209:etiology*; D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D001921:Brain / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005143:Eyelids / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange / Q000187:drug effects; D010672:Phenytoin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011247:Pregnancy; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D014635:Valproic Acid; D010672:Phenytoin