title: A convenient assay for estimating the possible involvement of efflux of fluoroquinolones by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus: evidence for diminished moxifloxacin, sparfloxacin, and trovafloxacin efflux.
abstract: We developed a simplified assay for estimating efflux by measuring the effect of reserpine on the growth of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus over 7 h. Reserpine enhanced ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin 17 to 68%. The hydrophobic drug trovafloxacin and the drug moxifloxacin, with a bulky C-7 substituent but hydrophilicity similar to that of levofloxacin, showed little (0 to 11%) reserpine-enhancing effect. The ease of resistant mutant strain selection correlated with efflux susceptibility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Beyer
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pestova
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Millichap
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Stosor
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Noskin
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Peterson
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001372:Aza Compounds; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D000077266:Moxifloxacin; D009287:Naphthyridines / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D011804:Quinolines; D012110:Reserpine / Q000494:pharmacology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D001372:Aza Compounds; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D009287:Naphthyridines; D011804:Quinolines; D012110:Reserpine; C080163:trovafloxacin; C061363:sparfloxacin; D000077266:Moxifloxacin