title: Influence of dietary energy, supplemental fat and linoleic acid concentration on performance of laying hens at two ages.
abstract: 1. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of metabolisable energy (ME), supplemental fat (SFAT) and linoleic acid (LIN) content of the diet on the productive performance and weight of eggs and egg components of Isabrown hens of 22 or 74 weeks of age. 2. Six diets were formulated to contain the following concentrations of ME (MJ/kg), SFAT (g/kg) and LIN (g/kg), respectively: A) 11.8, 0 and 11.5; B) 11.8, 40 and 11.5; C) 11.8, 40 and 16.5; D) 11.2, 40 and 16.5; E) 11.2, 40 and 11.5; and F) 11.2, 0 and 11.5. Data were collected for 28 d and analysed using linear contrasts to test the effect of SFAT, LIN, ME and their interactions. 3. When the LIN content of the diets was maintained constant at 11.5 g/kg, an increase in the SFAT from 0 to 40 g/kg increased egg weight (63.8 vs 64.5 g; P<0.05), food intake (119 vs 124 g; P<0.01) and energy intake (1.36 vs. 1.42 MJ/d; P<0.01) and body weight change of the hens (-85 vs. 27 g; P<0.001). Supplemental fat also increased yolk (15.8 vs. 16.3 g; P<0.001) and albumen weight (40.8 vs. 42.3 g; P<0.01) but yolk to albumen ratio was not modified. 4. Egg and albumen weights were improved by SFAT in early but not in late producing hens. As a result, yolk to albumen ratio decreased in the younger hens, from 0.371 to 0.357, but increased in the older hens, from 0.408 to 0.415; P<0.01) with fat addition. 5. An increase in the LIN content of the diets from 11.5 to 16.5 g/kg did not modify any of the traits studied. 6. It was concluded that the LIN requirement of the hens for maximal productivity and weight of eggs is 11.5 g/kg or less. Supplemental fat increased the weight of eggs and albumen in the younger but not in older hens and the beneficial effect was independent of its LIN content.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad Politénica de Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grobas
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mendez
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Blas
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Mateos
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens / Q000254:growth & development*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004531:Eggs; D002149:Energy Intake; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D019787:Linoleic Acid