title: Antagonistic effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on adhesion of monocytes and neutrophils to cultured cerebral microvascular endothelial cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the action of Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) on tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha)-induced adhesion of monocytes (Mon) and neutrophils (Neu) to cultured cerebral microvascular endothelial cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  TNF-alpha-induced endothelial adhesivity toward Mon and Neu was studied using bovine cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (BCMEC) in vitro. The number of Mon and Neu adhering to the BCMEC monolayers was determined by flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pretreatment of BCMEC with TNF-alpha increased Mon and Neu adhesion to BCMEC from 12.5% +/- 0.2% to 31.3% +/- 0.5% and from 13.8% +/- 0.4% to 32.1% +/- 0.5%, respectively. GbE (1-100 mg.L-1) inhibited the effect of TNF-alpha in a concentration-dependent manner. E-selectin mAb (1 mg.L-1) blocked Mon and Neu adhesion to BCMEC induced by TNF-alpha.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The inhibition of GbE on Mon and Neu adhesion to BCMEC was mediated through the suppression of E-selection expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Rui
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply; D002417:Cattle; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004224:Diterpenes; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000276:immunology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology*; D020441:Ginkgo biloba / Q000737:chemistry; D046934:Ginkgolides; D007783:Lactones / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009000:Monocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000502:physiology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D051381:Rats; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D004224:Diterpenes; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D019040:E-Selectin; D046934:Ginkgolides; D007783:Lactones; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C045856:ginkgolide B