Cardiac syndrome X: an overview.
Not all patients with angina have myocardial ischemia. A sizable minority--up to 30% of angina patients studied at tertiary referral centers--have normal coronary angiograms. Such patients often undergo an expensive and extensive array of testing and treatment. Yet the prognosis is generally good, and symptomatic management may be effective.
Kaski
J C
JC
Department of Cardiological Sciences, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London.
Russo
G
G
D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004562:Electrocardiography; D016232:Endothelins / Q000097:blood; D004967:Estrogens / Q000172:deficiency; D005080:Exercise Test; D006801:Humans; D017566:Microvascular Angina / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors
D016232:Endothelins; D004967:Estrogens