title: Effect of aerobic exercise and ginsenosides on lipid metabolism in diet-induced hyperlipidemia mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of aerobic exercise and its combination with Gin (ginsenosides from stems and leaves of ginseng) on lipid metabolism in diet-induced hyperlipidemia mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  The mouse hyperlipidemia model was set up by feeding high cholesterol diet. Unloaded swimming was designed to be a manner of aerobic exercise. The effects of aerobic exercise and its combination with Gin on total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) in serum, malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in liver tissue were measured; the thymus and liver were weighed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) The mouse hyperlipidemia model was set up successfully: TC and MDA increased (P < 0.05) but HDL-c and SOD decreased (P < 0.05); the liver weight increased and the thymus weight reduced; fatty liver was found; (2) aerobic exercise reduced TC but increased MDA and HDL-c in cholesterol-rich diet mice; the liver weight did not reduce, and fatty liver did not clear up; and (3) when aerobic exercise combined with Gin, TC and TG decreased markedly (P < 0.01), and MDA also decreased (P < 0.05); SOD and HDL-c increased markedly (P < 0.01); the thymus weight increased and the liver weight decreased to normal level; fatty liver cleared up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aerobic exercise could lower serum lipid to some extent but could not satisfactorily regulate lipid metabolism. When combined with Gin, aerobic exercise could better lower serum lipid, regulate lipid metabolism, promote antioxidation, and enhance immune activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China. wujianbo@gdmc.edu.cn
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Z G
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Fu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D036145:Ginsenosides; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D012503:Saponins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D036145:Ginsenosides; D012503:Saponins; D014280:Triglycerides; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002784:Cholesterol; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase