title: Psychometric properties of the state-trait anxiety inventory for Asian/Pacific-islander adolescents.
abstract: Anxiety disorders are said to be universal across all cultures and recent reviews have found relatively high prevalence rates across different countries. However, the experience and interpretation of anxiety are strongly influenced by cultural factors. Demonstrating cross-cultural equivalence of measures of anxiety is essential to assure that comparisons between cultures will result in meaningful interpretations. Despite the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory being the most researched of anxiety measures from a cross-cultural basis, there is a lack of empirical studies on the psychometric properties of the STAI with adolescent Asian/Pacific Islanders. The present study examined the STAI using a large sample of ethnically diverse high school students in Hawaii. In general, a four-factor model (State-Anxiety Absent, State-Anxiety Present, Trait-Anxiety Absent, and Trait-Anxiety Present) provided the best fit based on a series of confirmatory factor analyses. Indicators of internal consistency supported the reliability of the factors and subscales, and the inter-factor correlations reflected positively on the concurrent validity of the different STAI factor and subscale measures. This study suggested cautious use and interpretation of one particular item (Trait Item 14 = I try to avoid facing a crisis or difficulty ), and cautious application of the STAI to Filipino adolescents (particularly Filipino males). Domains for further research are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Native Hawaiian Mental Health Research Development Program (NHMHRDP) Department of Psychiatry, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu 96813, USA. Earlhish@aol.com
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Hishinuma
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Nahulu
authors.forename: N N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Makini
authors.forename: N Y
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Yuen
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Goebert
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Guerrero
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D001213:Asian / Q000523:psychology*; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005260:Female; D006254:Hawaii; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010139:Pacific Islands / Q000208:ethnology; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results