title: Prominent expression of mRNA for proinflammatory cytokines in synovium in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis or chronic Lyme arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the cytokine profiles in synovium of patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) or Lyme arthritis, 2 chronic inflammatory arthritides that affect children.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used in situ hybridization with specific riboprobes to determine the expression of mRNA for proinflammatory or antiinflammatory cytokines in synovial samples from 5 patients with early, untreated JRA, 15 patients with late, treated JRA, and 9 patients with chronic Lyme arthritis. For comparison, synovia were examined from 6 patients with rheumatoid or psoriatic arthritis, and from 9 patients with various orthopedic conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the children with early, untreated JRA, a median of 3 to 8% of inflammatory cells in synovial samples expressed mRNA for the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-alpha), or interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). Although a median of 3.9% of the cells expressed mRNA for the antiinflammatory cytokine IL-10, none had IL-4 mRNA. Most of the patients with late, treated JRA, chronic Lyme arthritis, rheumatoid, or psoriatic arthritis had mRNA for each of these proinflammatory cytokines in about 1% of the cells, whereas mRNA for the antiinflammatory cytokines was less frequent. The inflammatory cell density was much less in the synovium of patients with various orthopedic conditions, but about 1% of the infiltrating cells expressed mRNA for at least one of the proinflammatory cytokines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with early or late JRA or chronic Lyme arthritis have expression of mRNA in synovial tissue primarily for proinflammatory cytokines, with less expression of antiinflammatory cytokines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, New England Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harjacek
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Diaz-Cano
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Alman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Coburn
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ruthazer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wolfe
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Steere
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001171:Arthritis, Juvenile / Q000276:immunology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008193:Lyme Disease / Q000276:immunology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger