title: Use of phage display for the generation of human antibodies that neutralize factor IXa function.
abstract: The use of libraries of phage-displayed human single-chain antibody fragments (scFv) has become a new, powerful tool in rapidly obtaining therapeutically useful antibodies. Here, we describe the generation of human scFv and F(ab')2 directed against the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) domain of coagulation factor IX. A large library of human scFv, displayed either on M13 phage or expressed as soluble proteins, was screened for binding to human Gla-domain peptide (Tyr1-Lys43). Among a panel of scFv that bound to the factor IX-Gla domain, six scFv clones recognized full-length factor IX and exhibited strong inhibitory activity of factor IX in vitro. After reformatting as F(ab')2, the affinity for factor IX of three selected clones was determined: 10C12 Kd = 1.6 nmol/l, 13D1 Kd = 2.9 nmol/l, and 13H6 Kd = 0.46 nmol/l. The antibodies specifically bound to factor IX and not to other coagulation factors, as assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent-type and human plasma clotting assays. The complementarity determining region amino acid sequences of clones 10C12 and 13D1 only differed at a single residue, whereas 13H6 showed little homology, suggesting that 13H6 binds to a different epitope within the factor IX-Gla domain. Despite the slightly lower affinity of 10C12 F(ab')2 versus 13H6 F(ab')2, 10C12 was consistently more potent than 13H6 in prolonging the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), in inhibiting platelet-mediated plasma clotting, and in inhibiting factor X activation by the intrinsic Xase complex. Finally, 10C12 F(ab')2 also recognized and neutralized factor IX/factor IXa of different species, as demonstrated by the specific APTT prolongation of dog, mouse, baboon and rabbit plasma. In summary, the results validate the usefulness of scFv phage-displayed libraries to rapidly generate fully human antibodies as potential new therapeutics for thrombotic disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Antibody Technologies, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suggett
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kirchhofer
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hass
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lipari
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moran
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagel
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Judice
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schroeder
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tom
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lowman
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Eaton
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Devaux
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000915:Antibody Affinity; D000937:Antigen-Antibody Reactions / Q000187:drug effects; D001666:Binding Sites, Antibody; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000502:physiology; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology; D002417:Cattle; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D000939:Epitopes / Q000378:metabolism; D015949:Factor IXa / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D007135:Immunoglobulin Variable Region / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D008274:Magnesium / Q000494:pharmacology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D019151:Peptide Library; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors; D000939:Epitopes; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments; D007135:Immunoglobulin Variable Region; D019151:Peptide Library; D015949:Factor IXa; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium