title: [Perinatal factors can be risk factors of diabetic nephropathy].
abstract: This article discusses the association of perinatal risk determinants and the future development of diabetic nephropathy. A low birth-weight seems to increase the risk for future cardiovascular disease, hypertension and insulin resistance, all of which are features of diabetic nephropathy. In a nation-wide case-controlled study we found that smoking during pregnancy and low maternal education, rather than low birth weight per se increase the risk of developing incipient nephropathy in offspring with type-1 diabetes. These factors are in addition to, and independent of, a familial disposition for cardiovascular disease and hypertension. Persistent hyperglycaemia is a prerequisite for the influence of these factors. Our findings support the hypothesis of a multifactorial aetiology of diabetic nephropathy.
authors.affiliation: Institutionen för kvinnors öch barns hälsa, Karolinska institutet, Astrid Lindgrens barnsjukhus, Stockholm. Sus.Rud@Stockholm.mail.telia.com
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rudberg
mesh_terms: D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors