title: Premorbid diet in relation to survival from prostate cancer (Canada).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the associations between prediagnostic energy, fat, and vitamin A intake and survival from prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and seven cases of prostate cancer from Toronto and 201 cases from Vancouver provided diet histories at diagnosis between 1989 and 1992 and were followed for survival from prostate cancer. After exclusions for various reasons, 263 cases (135 from Toronto, 128 from Vancouver) were analyzed in Cox proportional hazards models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following adjustments for clinical stage, histologic grade, and other factors, significantly lower risks of dying from prostate cancer in the highest compared with the lowest tertiles of monounsaturated fat intakes were observed in each city and in the combined city analyses (combined cities: hazard ratio [HR] = 0.3; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.1-0.7). Survival from prostate cancer was significantly better for cases in the highest tertile of energy intake in Toronto (HR = 0.1; CI = 0.01-0.6) in contrast to that in Vancouver where these cases did relatively worse (HR = 2.6; CI = 0.6-10.7). Other nutrients were either not consistently or not significantly associated with prostate cancer survival in the two cities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This bi-center cohort study observed a consistent and significant inverse association between the premorbid intake of monounsaturated fat and risk of death from prostate cancer. The inconsistent results for energy intake between cities could potentially be attributed to non-respondent bias in Toronto.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Gallagher
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Hislop
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Holowaty
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Howe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
authors.forename: C Z
authors.initials: CZ
authors.lastname: Teh
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Rohan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D014801:Vitamin A