title: Operative monitoring of hand and axillary temperature during endoscopic superior thoracic sympathectomy for the treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To find out how much the temperature in the palm rises after upper thoracic sympathectomy for palmar hyperhidrosis, and correlate the temperature with the outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital, Spain.
  
  
  METHODS
  73 patients (34 women and 39 men, age range 16-42 years, mean 26) who were operated for palmar hyperhidrosis between 1 January 1995 and 31 December 1997.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bilateral thoracic endoscopic sympathectomy during which the temperature was monitored on the skin of both axillae and thenar eminences, and in the oesophagus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Morbidity, alleviation of hyperhidrosis, recurrence rate, and differences in temperature postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was minor bleeding during operation in 25 cases (34%), but in only 4 was it sufficient to require insertion of a drain; 2 patients developed transient Homer's syndrome; but the most common complication was compensatory hyperhidrosis (n = 52, 71%). In only 5 was this other than mild and required treatment with aluminium chloride in ethanol 25%. Palmar hyperhidrosis was alleviated in all cases, axillary sweating was considerably improved, and there was improvement in the feet in 56 (77%). There were 5 recurrences, all on the right side, during a mean follow up of 9 months (range 2-36), but in no case was the sweating severe. In almost all cases the temperature of the palm was less than that of the axilla before operation by a mean (SD) of 0.9 (0.3) degrees C. The rise in temperature varied from 1.7 (0.4) degrees C to 2.6 (0.4) degrees C. In the 5 patients who developed recurrences the increase was less (0.5 (0.4) degrees C).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thoracic endoscopic sympathectomy is safe, simple, and effective in treating palmar hyperhidrosis that has not responded to conservative treatment. Intradermal monitoring is an accurate and cost-effective way of monitoring temperature during operation. Although it is essential to achieve a rise in temperature of 1 degrees C, our most important finding was that the final temperature in both hands and axillae should be above 35 degrees C and as near as possible to 36 degrees C.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Clinica Universitaria, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sáiz-Sapena
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vanaclocha
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Panta
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kadri
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Torres
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001365:Axilla / Q000502:physiology; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D005728:Ganglia, Sympathetic / Q000601:surgery; D006225:Hand / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006945:Hyperhidrosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012881:Skin Temperature; D013562:Sympathectomy / Q000379:methods*; D013900:Thoracic Nerves / Q000601:surgery; D013906:Thoracoscopy; D016896:Treatment Outcome