title: Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum percutaneous radiofrequency-assisted valvotomy and balloon dilation versus surgical valvotomy and Blalock Taussig shunt.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We compared the result of radiofrequency (RF)-assisted valvotomy and balloon dilation with closed surgical valvotomy and Blalock Taussig (BT) shunt as primary treatment in selected patients with pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum (PA-IVS).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Patients with PA-IVS who have mild to moderate hypoplasia of the right ventricle (RV) and patent infundibulum have the greatest potential for complete biventricular circulation. The use of RF or laser wires to perforate the atretic valve followed by balloon dilation provides an alternative to surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between May 1990 and March 1998, 33 selected patients underwent either percutaneous RF valvotomy and balloon dilation (group 1, n = 21; two crossed over to group 2) or surgical valvotomy with concomitant BT shunt (group 2, n = 14). Second RV decompression by balloon dilation or right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) reconstruction were performed if necessary. Patients who remained cyanosed were subjected to transcatheter trial closure of the interatrial communication. Partial biventricular repair was offered to those with inadequate growth of the RV.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The primary procedure was successful in 19 patients in group 1. There was one in-hospital death and two late deaths. Of the remaining 16 survivors, 12 achieved complete biventricular circulation, 7 of whom required no further interventions. Two patients required repeat balloon dilation, 1 RVOT reconstruction and 2 transcatheter closure of interatrial communication. Two patients underwent partial biventricular repair. In group 2, there were 3 in-hospital deaths after the primary procedure and 1 patient died four months later. All survivors (n = 10) required a second RV decompression, 8 by balloon dilation and 2 by RVOT reconstruction, after which, two patients died. Of the final 8 survivors, 7 achieved complete biventricular circulation, 5 after coil occlusion of the BT shunt and 2 after closure of interatrial communication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radiofrequency valvotomy and balloon dilation is more efficacious and safe compared with closed pulmonary valvotomy and BT shunt in selected patients with PA-IVS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Institut Jantung Negara (National Heart Institute), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. mazeni@ijn.com.my
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alwi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Geetha
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Bilkis
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hasri
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Haifa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sallehudin
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zambahari
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D002404:Catheterization; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006343:Heart Septal Defects / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D018633:Pulmonary Atresia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome