title: The Golgi apparatus segregates from the lysosomal/acrosomal vesicle during rhesus spermiogenesis: structural alterations.
abstract: The acrosome is an acidic secretory vesicle containing hydrolytic enzymes that are involved in the sperm's passage across the zona pellucida. Imaging of the acrosomal vesicle and the Golgi apparatus in live rhesus monkey spermatids was accomplished by using the vital fluorescent probe LysoTracker DND-26. Concurrently, the dynamics of living spermatid mitochondria was visualized using the specific probe MitoTracker CMTRos and LysoTracker DND-26 detected the acrosomal vesicle from its formation through spermatid differentiation. LysoTracker DND-26 also labeled the Golgi apparatus in spermatogenic cells. In spermatocytes the Golgi is spherical and, in round spermatids, it is localized over the acrosomal vesicle, as confirmed by using polyclonal antibodies against Golgin-95/GM130, Golgin-97, and Golgin-160. Using both live LysoTracker DND-26 imaging and Golgi antibodies, we found that the Golgi apparatus is cast off from the acrosomal vesicle and migrates toward the sperm tail in elongated spermatids. The Golgi is discarded in the cytoplasmic droplet and is undetectable in mature ejaculated spermatozoa. The combined utilization of three vital fluorescent probes (Hoechst 33342, LysoTracker DND-26, and MitoTracker CMTRos) permits the dynamic imaging of four organelles during primate spermiogenesis: the nucleus, the mitochondria, the acrosomal vesicle, and the Golgi apparatus.
authors.affiliation: Oregon Regional Primate Research Center, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon, 97006, USA.
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ramalho-Santos
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Wessel
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schatten
mesh_terms: D000176:Acrosin / Q000378:metabolism; D000177:Acrosome / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000818:Animals; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000648:ultrastructure; D050765:Qa-SNARE Proteins; D050683:R-SNARE Proteins; D050600:SNARE Proteins; D013087:Spermatids / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D013091:Spermatogenesis; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D050765:Qa-SNARE Proteins; D050683:R-SNARE Proteins; D050600:SNARE Proteins; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins; D000176:Acrosin