title: An examination of the steric effects of 5-tert-butylproline on the conformation of polyproline and the cooperative nature of type II to type I helical interconversion.
abstract: The influence of steric effects on the helical geometry and the interconversion of type II to type I polyproline in water was examined by the synthesis and analysis of proline dimers and hexamers containing up to three (2S,5R)-5-tert-butylproline residues. In the dimers, the bulky 5-tert-butyl substituent was found to exert a significant influence on the local prolyl amide geometry such that the predominant trans-isomer in N-(acetyl)prolyl-prolinamide (1) was converted to 63% cis isomer in N-(acetyl)prolyl-5-tert-butylprolinamide (2) as measured by (1)H-nmr spectroscopy. Similarly, the presence of a 5-tert-butyl group on the C-terminal residue in the polyproline hexamer Ac-Pro(5)-t-BuPro-NH(2) (4) produced a local 5-tert-butylprolyl amide population containing 61% cis isomer in water. In spite of the presence of a local prolyl cis amide geometry, the downstream prolyl amides in 4 remained in the trans isomer as determined by NOESY spectroscopy. Conformational analysis by (13)C-nmr and CD spectroscopy indicated that Ac-Pro(6)-NH(2) (3) adopted the all-trans amide polyproline type II helix in water. As the amount of 5-tert-butylproline increased from one to three residues in hexamers 4-6, a gradual destabilization of the polyproline type II helical geometry was observed by CD spectroscopy in water; however, no spectrum was obtained, indicative of a complete conversion to a polyproline type I helix. The implications of these results are discussed with respect to the previously proposed theoretical mechanisms for the helical interconversion of polyproline, which has been suggested to occur by either a cooperative C- to N-terminal isomerization of the prolyl amide bonds or via a conformational intermediate composed of dispersed sequences of prolyl amide cis and trans isomers.
authors.affiliation: Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, C. P. 6128, Succursale Centre Ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Beausoleil
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Lubell
mesh_terms: D010455:Peptides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D011392:Proline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry*; D011487:Protein Conformation; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D010455:Peptides; C011083:polyproline; D011392:Proline