title: Ocular toxicity of systemic medications: a case series.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are many visually threatening conditions that may result from long-term use of systemic medications. Many of these adverse side effects can be greatly reduced or prevented with close monitoring of patients. In view of current knowledge, updated clinical guidelines for appropriate monitoring of ocular toxicity from systemic medications need to be developed for the eye care practitioner.
  
  
  METHODS
  There have been many reports of ocular toxicity from isoniazid, thioridazine, steroids, and amiodarone therapy. Clinical cases illustrating possible adverse ocular side effects are presented, which include INH-induced optic neuropathy, phenothiazine-induced retinopathy, steroid-induced glaucoma, and vortex epitheliopathy secondary to amiodarone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Optometrists should be aware of the potential for ocular side effects from systemic medications. Eye care guidelines for monitoring ocular side effects from thioridazine, INH, steroids, and amiodarone use are suggested.
authors.affiliation: VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, West Los Angeles Healthcare Center, California, USA.
authors.forename: T Q
authors.initials: TQ
authors.lastname: To
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Townsend
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000638:Amiodarone / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002386:Cataract / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D003316:Corneal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007538:Isoniazid / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009902:Optic Neuritis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D011241:Prednisone / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D013881:Thioridazine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014794:Visual Fields
chemical_list: D013881:Thioridazine; D000638:Amiodarone; D007538:Isoniazid; D011241:Prednisone