title: Low midpregnancy placental volume in rural Indian women: A cause for low birth weight?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to study midpregnancy placental volume in rural Indian women, its maternal determinants, and its relationship to neonatal size.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a prospective community-based study of maternal nutrition and fetal growth in 6 villages near the city of Pune. Measurements included midpregnancy placental volume determined by means of ultrasonography at 15 to 18 weeks' gestation, maternal anthropometric measurements before and during pregnancy, and maternal blood pressure and biochemical parameters during pregnancy. Neonatal size and placental weight were measured at birth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mothers were short and underweight (mean height, 1.52 m; weight, 42 kg; body mass index, 18 kg/m(2)) and produced small babies (mean birth weight, 2648 g). Midpregnancy placental volume (median, 144 mL) was related to the mother's prepregnancy weight (r = 0.15; P <.001) but not to weight gain during pregnancy, blood pressure, or circulating hemoglobin, ferritin, red blood cell folate, or glucose concentrations. Midpregnancy placental volume was related to placental weight at birth (r = 0.29; P <.001) and birth weight (r = 0.25; P <.001) independent of maternal size.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In Indian mothers midpregnancy placental volume is significantly associated with prepregnant maternal weight and is an independent predictor of birth weight. Our findings may provide clues to the high prevalence of low-birth-weight infants in India.
authors.affiliation: King Edward Memorial Hospital and Research Centre, Rasta Peth, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Kinare
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Natekar
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Chinchwadkar
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Yajnik
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Coyaji
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Fall
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Howe
mesh_terms: D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000097:blood; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight / Q000502:physiology*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010920:Placenta / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012424:Rural Population; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D014743:Videotape Recording; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006454:Hemoglobins; D005293:Ferritins; D005492:Folic Acid; D001205:Ascorbic Acid