title: Gastrointestinal function and growth in premature infants: is non-nutritive sucking vital?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the importance of non-nutritive sucking (NNS) in the development of gastrointestinal function and growth in premature infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic computerized search of MEDLINE, the Cumulative Index of Nursing in Allied Health Literature, Health, Best Evidence, and the Cochrane Library was performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  The search yielded eight randomized controlled studies relative to the outcomes of interest: sucking response, gastric emptying, weight gain, and time to discharge from hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Relevant articles were selected using published criteria for detecting clinically sound studies and evidence-based information.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NNS reduces length of hospitalization; however, its effect on the other variables was inconclusive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a lack of agreement concerning the outcomes of interest, apart from the positive contribution of early hospital discharge. The studies were methodologically flawed, which compromised validity and estimation of the treatment effect. NNS cannot be currently recommended as a beneficial intervention.
authors.affiliation: Hamilton Health Sciences Corporation, Children's Hospital Neonatal Unit-4G McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Premji
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Paes
mesh_terms: D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D004068:Digestive System Physiological Phenomena; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008297:Male; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013391:Sucking Behavior; D015430:Weight Gain