title: Mortality of sheep exported by sea: evidence of similarity by farm group and of regional differences.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether mortality of sheep exported by sea is similar for sheep from the same farm exported in different years or is associated with the region of origin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mortalities were monitored in farm groups of sheep exported from the southwest of Western Australia under normal commercial conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mortalities were monitored on commercial shipments from 1985 to 1996. For each consignment, the mortality rate was assigned its percentile ranking within the month and year of loading of the ship. A mortality rate was high if its percentile ranking was above a selected cut-off value. Five cut-off values were used in separate analyses. The spatial distribution of farms with high mortality was compared between and within zones of rainfall and length of pasture-growing season.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 479 groups of sheep from 405 farms was monitored. Mortality rates ranged from nil to 28.2%. Half of all deaths were from 14.2% of the consignments. There was a significant association (P < 0.05) between the category of mortality (high or low) in the first and second years of monitoring for four of the five cut-off values. The spatial analyses indicated that there were more high-mortality groups, and the average mortality was higher, in the zones of higher rainfall and longer pasture-growing season (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mortality data can be used to identify regions and groups of sheep that are at risk of suffering high death rates when exported by sea.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Services, Agriculture Western Australia.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Higgs
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Norris
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Love
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Norman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D008297:Male; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000401:mortality*; D012767:Ships; D014186:Transportation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014904:Western Australia / Q000453:epidemiology