title: The organizer factors Chordin and Noggin are required for mouse forebrain development.
abstract: In mice, there is evidence suggesting that the development of head and trunk structures is organized by distinctly separated cell populations. The head organizer is located in the anterior visceral endoderm (AVE) and the trunk organizer in the node and anterior primitive streak. In amphibians, Spemann's organizer, which is homologous to the node, partially overlaps with anterior endoderm cells expressing homologues of the AVE markers cerberus, Hex and Hesx1. For mice, this raises the question of whether the AVE and node are independent of each other, as suggested by their anatomical separation, or functionally interdependent as is the case in amphibians. Chordin and Noggin are secreted bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonists expressed in the mouse node, but not in the AVE. Here we show that mice double-homozygous mutants that are for chordin and noggin display severe defects in the development of the prosencephalon. The results show that BMP antagonists in the node and its derivatives are required for head development.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles 90095-1662, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bachiller
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klingensmith
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kemp
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Belo
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: May
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: McMahon
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: McMahon
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Harland
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rossant
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: De Robertis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D006720:Homozygote; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008648:Mesoderm; D051379:Mice; D016296:Mutagenesis; D020897:Organizers, Embryonic / Q000502:physiology*; D016548:Prosencephalon / Q000196:embryology*; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D000099176:Noggin Protein
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D000099176:Noggin Protein; C054234:chordin