title: The endothelial cell protein C receptor aids in host defense against Escherichia coli sepsis.
abstract: The influence of the endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) on the host response to Escherichia coli was studied. Animals were treated with 4 separate protocols for survival studies and analysis of physiologic and biochemical parameters: (1) monoclonal antibody (mAb) that blocks protein C/activated protein C binding to EPCR plus sublethal numbers of E coli (SLEC) (n = 4); (2) mAb to EPCR that does not block binding plus SLEC (n = 3); (3) SLEC alone (n = 4); and (4) blocking mAB alone (n = 1). Those animals receiving blocking mAb to EPCR plus sublethal E coli died 7 to 54 hours after challenge, whereas all animals treated with the other protocols were permanent survivors. Histopathologic studies of tissues from animals receiving blocking mAb plus SLEC removed at postmortem were compared with those animals receiving SLEC alone killed at T+24 hours. The animals receiving the blocking mAb exhibited consumption of fibrinogen, microvascular thrombosis with hemorrhage of both the adrenal and renal cortex, and an intense influx of neutrophils into the adrenal, renal, and hepatic microvasculature, whereas the tissues from animals receiving only sublethal E coli exhibited none of these abnormal histopathologic changes. Compared with the control animals, the animals receiving the blocking mAb exhibited significantly elevated serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, anion gap, thrombin-antithrombin complex, IL-6, IL-8, and soluble thrombomodulin. The levels of circulating activated protein C varied too widely to allow a clear determination of whether the extent of protein C activation was altered in vivo by blocking protein C binding to EPCR. We conclude that protein C/activated protein C binding to EPCR contributes to the negative regulation of the coagulopathic and inflammatory response to E coli and that EPCR provides an additional critical step in the host defense against E coli. (Blood. 2000;95:1680-1686)
authors.affiliation: Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City 73104, USA. marie.brewer@omrf.ouhsc.edu
authors.forename: F B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Stearns-Kurosawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kurosawa
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ferrell
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Laszik
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kosanke
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Peer
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Esmon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D000990:Antithrombin III / Q000032:analysis; D001778:Blood Coagulation Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007378:Interleukins / Q000097:blood; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase / Q000097:blood; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D010215:Papio; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000032:analysis; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D018805:Sepsis / Q000097:blood / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018180:Thrombomodulin / Q000097:blood; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000032:analysis; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis; D014781:Viscera / Q000473:pathology; D000515:alpha 1-Antitrypsin / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors; D007378:Interleukins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D018180:Thrombomodulin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C091963:activated protein C receptor; D000515:alpha 1-Antitrypsin; C046193:antithrombin III-protease complex; D000990:Antithrombin III; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator