Combination therapy with amprenavir, abacavir, and efavirenz in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients failing a protease-inhibitor regimen: pharmacokinetic drug interactions and antiviral activity.
Patients with plasma viral RNA >50,000 copies/mL, despite a protease-inhibitor regimen, received abacavir, amprenavir, and efavirenz to assess efavirenz-amprenavir drug interactions and to evaluate safety and antiviral response. Patients first received amprenavir with abacavir and other nucleoside analogs. Amprenavir levels were measured before and after adding efavirenz. Patients then received a second protease inhibitor. There was evidence of genotypic and phenotypic resistance at study entry. No patient had study drugs discontinued because of toxicity. Efavirenz decreased the steady-state area under the curve, maximum plasma concentration, and minimum plasma concentration of amprenavir by 24%, 33%, and 43%, respectively. Three of 10 patients had >1.5 log10 viral response to abacavir and amprenavir. All 8 patients who added efavirenz had >0.5 log10 decline in viral load, and this response lasted >24 weeks for 3 of the patients. A combination regimen that included abacavir, amprenavir, and efavirenz was well tolerated and had sustained activity in some patients. Concomitant efavirenz therapy decreases amprenavir concentrations.
Falloon
J
J
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1880, USA. jfalloon@nih.gov
Piscitelli
S
S
Vogel
S
S
Sadler
B
B
Mitsuya
H
H
Kavlick
M F
MF
Yoshimura
K
K
Rogers
M
M
LaFon
S
S
Manion
D J
DJ
Lane
H C
HC
Masur
H
H
D000328:Adult; D000480:Alkynes; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001483:Base Sequence; D048588:Benzoxazines; D002219:Carbamates; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D015224:Dideoxynucleosides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004351:Drug Resistance; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005663:Furans; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010078:Oxazines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D010641:Phenotype; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D019562:Viral Load; D000099227:Abacavir
D000480:Alkynes; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D048588:Benzoxazines; D002219:Carbamates; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D015224:Dideoxynucleosides; D005663:Furans; D010078:Oxazines; D012367:RNA, Viral; D013449:Sulfonamides; D000099227:Abacavir; C095108:amprenavir; C098320:efavirenz