title: Effects of amlodipine on exercise tolerance, quality of life, and left ventricular function in patients with heart failure from left ventricular systolic dysfunction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A preliminary study suggested that the long-acting late-generation calcium-channel blocker amlodipine has favorable effects on exercise tolerance and is safe to use in heart failure, in contrast to earlier generation agents. The goal of 2 multicenter studies was to assess the effect of adjunctive therapy with amlodipine in addition to standard therapy on exercise capacity, quality of life, left ventricular function, and safety parameters in patients with heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two large multicenter trials examining the effects of amlodipine on these parameters over a 12-week period of therapy were undertaken in patients with mild to moderate heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction. A total of 437 patients with stable heart failure were studied in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled prospective design.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Amlodipine at a dose of 10 mg/day in addition to standard therapy in such patients was associated with no significant difference in change in exercise tolerance on a Naughton protocol compared with placebo in each trial. Among all patients taking amlodipine, exercise time increased 53 +/- 9 (SE) seconds; exercise time for those taking placebo increased 66 +/- 9 seconds (P = not significant). There were no significant differences in changes of quality of life parameters between amlodipine- and placebo-treated patients, and there were no significant differences in symptom scores or New York Heart Association classification between groups. Left ventricular function (measured as ejection fraction) improved 3. 4% +/- 0.5% in amlodipine-treated patients and 1.5% +/- 0.5% in placebo-treated patients (P =.007). There was no statistically significant excess of important adverse events (episodes of worsening heart failure in 10% amlodipine-treated vs 6.3% of placebo-treated patients) or differences in need for changes in background medication between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of 10 mg of amlodipine per day to standard therapy in patients with heart failure is associated with no significant improvement in exercise time compared with placebo therapy over a 12-week period, and there was no increased incidence of adverse events. These data suggest that the addition of amlodipine to standard therapy in heart failure will not result in additional efficacy per se beyond standard therapy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New England Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA. james.udelson@es.nemc.org
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Udelson
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: DeAbate
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berk
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Neuberg
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Packer
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Vijay
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gorwitt
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Kukin
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: LeJemtel
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Konstam
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017311:Amlodipine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005080:Exercise Test; D017079:Exercise Tolerance / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects; D016138:Walking
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D017311:Amlodipine