title: Experimental study of intracisternal administration of tissue-type plasminogen activator followed by cerebrospinal fluid drainage in the ultra-early stage of subarachnoid haemorrhage.
abstract: This experimental study evaluated the effect of intrathecal injection of tissue-type plasminogen activator followed by cisternal drainage in the ultra-early stage of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage to prevent vasospasm. Twenty Japanese white rabbits were divided into five groups. Either tPA (groups A, B, and E) or saline (groups C and D) was injected intrathecally 1 hour (groups A, B, C, and D) or 21 hours (group E) after the intrathecal injection of blood. Cerebrospinal fluid was drained 2, 4, and 6 hours after the intrathecal injection of blood (groups A, C, and E). On day 4, the angiographic caliber of the basilar artery in each group was as follows (mean +/- SD): A, 85.9 +/- 5.0%; B, 74.6 +/- 5.3%; C, 69.1 +/- 2.7%; D, 64.0 +/- 4.9%; E, 80.2 +/- 2.7% (compared with baseline). In the two groups in which CSF was drained (groups A and C), fibrinolysis with tPA significantly suppressed vasospasm. In the two groups treated with tPA (groups A and B), cisternal drainage significantly suppressed vasospasm. In the two groups treated with saline (groups C and D), however, cisternal drainage did not suppress vasospasm. Examination of the series of CSF samples (groups A and C) showed that fibrinolysis with tPA effectively cleared clots early. In the two groups treated with tPA and CSF drainage (groups A and E), early removal of subarachnoid clots reduced the degree of vasospasm. Early fibrinolysis with tPA and early removal of subarachnoid clots by drainage is effective for preventing vasospasm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Medical School, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawada
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kinugasa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Meguro
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hirotsune
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tokunaga
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kamata
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohmoto
mesh_terms: D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D000818:Animals; D001488:Basilar Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D002557:Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D011817:Rabbits; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects; D020301:Vasospasm, Intracranial / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator