title: The role of the pharmacist in humanitarian aid in Bosnia-Herzegovina: the experience of Pharmaciens Sans Frontières.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Founded in 1985, Pharmaciens Sans Frontières (PSF) is a nongovemmental organization of pharmacists involved in humanitarian aid. PSF relied on approximately 100 expatriates in 1998, which included 50 pharmacists distributed throughout 24 missions (i.e., 14 emergency, 7 development, 3 assessment). It is necessary to add 200-250 local staff to this group.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe PSF's mission in Bosnia-Herzegovina from 1992 to 1999 and to define the pharmacist's impact in the supply of medicines and the development of pharmaceutical care and services.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In April 1992, at the beginning of Sarajevo's siege, PSF sent a small team of three volunteer pharmacists to Bosnia-Herzegovina. The objective of the emergency phase (1992-1995) was to set up a massive supply program of essential medicines and medical and biologic materials and to implement a distribution system based on existing health centers. The signing of the Dayton peace agreement and a progressive return to peace and stability marked the beginning of the postemergency phase (1995-1997). This phase pursued previous objectives of establishing a distribution network and added the implementation of logistic centers. PSF widened its involvement to medical laboratory analysis, production of medicines, disposal of expired medications sent during the conflict, and the implementation of a national center for quality control. Currently, the development phase's (1998-1999) objective is to provide adequate support for the reorganization of pharmaceutical care and services by establishing pharmacy work groups and developing and maintaining good relationships with the international community and Bosnia-Herzegovina pharmacists.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Humanitarian aid is essential in major conflicts, as seen in the case of Bosnia-Herzegovina. Although it is difficult to evaluate the impact of the distribution network implemented by PSF, it allowed for a better provisioning of medications to the general population. PSF played an important role in such cases. In fact, PSF provides its pharmaceutical expertise to these embattled areas not only by offering financial support to the logistics or supplying of medications, but by offering professional support to the organization/reorganization of the pharmaceutical practice.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montréal, Department, Hôpital Sainte-Justine, Québec, Canada. bussiere@aei.ca
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Bussières
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: St-Arnaud
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schunck
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lamarre
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jouberton
mesh_terms: D017522:Bosnia and Herzegovina; D007390:International Agencies; D010593:Pharmaceutical Services; D010595:Pharmacists; D012011:Red Cross; D012066:Relief Work; D014837:Voluntary Health Agencies