title: Successful virtual screening of a chemical database for farnesyltransferase inhibitor leads.
abstract: Virtual screening of chemical databases is an emerging approach in drug discovery that uses computers to dock chemicals into the active site of a drug target to identify leads through evaluation of binding affinities of the chemicals. However, there are concerns about the validity and scope of the reported virtual screens due to lack of studies to show that randomly selected chemicals are not equally active and due to the fact that metalloproteins were rarely used as drug targets. We have performed a virtual screening of a chemical database to identify prototypic inhibitors of farnesyltransferase (FT) with zinc present in the active site. Among the 21 compounds identified by computers, four inhibited FT in vitro with IC(50) values in the range from 25 to 100 microM. The most potent inhibitor also inhibited FT in human lung cancer cells. In contrast, none of 21 randomly selected compounds have an IC(50) lower than 100 microM. The results demonstrate the validity of virtual screening and the feasibility of applications of this approach to metalloprotein drug targets, such as matrix metalloproteinases, farnesyltransferase, and HIV-1 integrase, for the treatments of cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and AIDS.
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Tumor Biology Program, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Molecular Neuroscience Program, Mayo Medical School and Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Perola
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Kollmeyer
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kaufmann
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Prendergast
authors.forename: Y P
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Pang
mesh_terms: D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D016208:Databases, Factual; D015195:Drug Design; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D051231:Farnesyltranstransferase; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D051381:Rats; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D015032:Zinc / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases; D051231:Farnesyltranstransferase; D015032:Zinc