title: 99mTc-human serum albumin scans in children with protein-losing enteropathy.
abstract: Protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) can be diagnosed scintigraphically using 99mTc-human serum albumin (HSA) scans.
  
  
  METHODS
  To evaluate the usefulness of this method in detecting enteric protein loss, we retrospectively reviewed the 99mTc-HSA scans of 18 children presenting consecutively with PLE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Enteric 99mTc-HSA uptake was noted in 12 patients (8 boys, 4 girls) with a mean age of 7.4 y. Early dynamic images showed abdominal uptake that was most likely in the small bowel in 91% of the scans. Delayed images showed abnormal accumulation that was localized in the colon in 73% and in the small bowel in 27% of the scans. A 4-mo follow-up scan obtained in 3 patients showed reduced HSA uptake after a high-protein, low-fat, medium-chain triglyceride oil-based diet and fat-soluble vitamins. Mean serum albumin, total protein, gammaglobulin, and calcium levels were significantly decreased. Ten patients (from 4 families) were diagnosed to have primary intestinal lymphangectasia. One patient had active Salmonella enterocolitis, and 1 had giardiosis. 99mTc-HSA was normal in the remaining 6 patients (3 boys, 3 girls) with a mean age of 3.5 y (range, 2-5 y). Mean serum albumin, total protein, gammaglobulin, and calcium levels were less decreased than those of the first group. Five of these patients had primary intestinal lymphangactesia (associated with infantile systemic hyalinosis in 1 patient). The remaining patient had normal duodenal biopsy, and the cause of protein loss remained unknown.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 99mTc-HSA scan is useful in the evaluation of children with PLE, especially those with severe hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia, presumably reflecting a high rate of protein loss.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Halaby
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Bakheet
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shabib
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Powe
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al Mehaidib
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nazer
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003106:Colon / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D011504:Protein-Losing Enteropathies / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013668:Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013668:Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin