title: Age related prevalence of hepatitis G virus in South Africans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the age related prevalence of hepatitis G virus (HGV) infection and its mode of transmission in relation to hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) co-infection in South African blacks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect active infection, using primers for the 5'-NCR, NS5a, and NS3 regions. Antibodies to HGV envelope-2 protein (anti-E2), which measures past infection, were also sought.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall prevalence of active infection was 116/580 (20%). A higher prevalence was noted in HBsAg carriers (28/106; 26.4%) and HCV positive subjects (25/82; 30.5%). In contrast to developed countries, active and past infection was seen in 12.9% and 12.1% of the general population, respectively (subjects negative for HBsAg and anti-HCV markers and with normal alanine aminotransferase values), with a total prevalence of 21.1% (52/248). Viraemia and anti-E2 were almost mutually exclusive. The distribution of viraemia by age was: < or = 15 years, 20/223 (9.0%); 16-35 years, 42/147 (28.6%); > or = 36 years, 37/151 (24.5%), with a significant difference (p = 0.001) in age related prevalence. A similar trend was observed for the prevalence of past infection in the general population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HGV infection begins in childhood and increases with age in South Africa, but transmission is largely independent of HBV and HCV. No association was found between HGV viraemia and hepatitis, or with co-infection with either HBV or HCV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Medical University of Southern Africa, Pretoria, South Africa.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Mphahlele
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aspinall
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Spooner
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Carman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D001483:Base Sequence; D002353:Carrier State / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D018067:Flaviviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000453:epidemiology; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015995:Prevalence; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014766:Viremia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D012367:RNA, Viral