title: Prediction of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in patients with congestive heart failure: a prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to prospectively determine whether patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) at risk for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) could be identified by clinical and study variables including the P-wave signal-averaged electrocardiogram (P-SAECG).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Although it is important to assess the risk of developing PAF in patients with CHF, it still remains difficult to predict the PAF appearance in patients with CHF clinically.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group consisted of 75 patients in sinus rhythm without a history of PAF, whose left ventricular ejection fraction, as measured by radionuclide angiography, was <40%. These patients underwent P-SAECG, echocardiography and 24-h Holter monitoring; in addition, the plasma concentration of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) was measured at study entry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An abnormal P-SAECG was found at study entry in 29 of 75 patients. In the follow-up period of 21 +/- 9 months, the PAF attacks documented on the ECG significantly more frequently occurred in patients with (32%) rather than without an abnormal P-SAECG (2%) (p = 0.0002). The plasma ANP level was significantly higher in patients with rather than without PAF attacks (75 +/- 41 vs. 54 +/- 60 pg/ml, p = 0.01), although there were no significant differences in age, left atrial dimension or high grade atrial premature beats between the groups. The multivariate Cox analysis identified that the variables significantly associated with PAF development were an abnormal P-SAECG (hazard ratio 19.1, p = 0.0069) and elevated ANP level > or =60 pg/ml (hazard ratio 8.6, p = 0.018).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An abnormal P-SAECG and elevated ANP level could be predictors of PAF development in patients with CHF.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Osaka Prefectural General Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukunami
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimonagata
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kumagai
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ogita
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Asano
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Masatsugu
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hoki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000097:blood; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004452:Echocardiography; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015635:Radionuclide Ventriculography; D013318:Stroke Volume; D013614:Tachycardia, Paroxysmal / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor