title: Course of molecular hemostatic markers during and after different surgical procedures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish the most vulnerable time of thrombi formation with regard to the plasmatic (noncellular) part of the coagulatory and fibrinolytic systems.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nonrandomized observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A surgical and an orthopedic unit and the central laboratory of a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  61 consenting ASA physical status I and II inpatients undergoing four different types of surgery: total hip replacement (THR): 16 patients; hemicolectomy: 15 patients; endoscopic cholecystectomy: 15 patients; subtotal thyroid resection: 15 patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The time course of 11 procoagulatory and fibrinolytic parameters was examined during the different types of surgery. Blood samples were drawn on the day before surgery, directly before the induction of general anesthesia, 1 to 2 hours postoperatively, and on the mornings of postoperative days 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The coagulation samples were centrifuged within 1 hour of collection at 2,300 g for 15 minutes at 4 degrees C. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelets, fibrinogen, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, antithrombin III, and protein C were determined immediately on laboratory arrival of the samples. The samples were aliquoted at -70 degrees C. They were thawed within 2 weeks and prepared for the following assays: thrombin-antithrombin III complexes (TAT-complexes), D-dimers, and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1. Maximum activation of coagulation is not reached until 2 hours postoperatively and slowly decreases until normal values are reached around the fifth postoperative day. Parameters displaying the greatest changes are TAT-complexes and D-dimers. The type of surgery with the most pronounced changes was total hip replacement, followed by hemicolectomy, cholecystectomy, and subtotal thyroid resection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The total hip replacement and hemicolectomy groups show similar and strong activation of the procoagulatory and fibrinolytic systems. Much less pronounced are the changes during endoscopic cholecystectomy and subtotal thyroid resection. Maximum activation occurs 1 to 2 hours postoperatively.
authors.affiliation: 1st and 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Lübeck, Germany. siemens@medinf.mu-luebeck.de
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Siemens
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brueckner
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hagelberg
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schmucker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000990:Antithrombin III / Q000032:analysis; D015415:Biomarkers; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis; D006487:Hemostasis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000032:analysis; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000032:analysis; D011517:Prothrombin Time; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; C046193:antithrombin III-protease complex; D000990:Antithrombin III; D005340:Fibrinogen; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases