title: Hormone replacement therapy and patterns of osteoarthritis: baseline data from the Ulm Osteoarthritis Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It has been suggested that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may protect against osteoarthritis (OA). The aim of this paper was to assess the association between HRT and radiographically defined patterns of OA.
  
  
  METHODS
  475 consecutive women aged 50 years or older (mean age 66.1) who underwent hip or knee joint replacement because of advanced OA in four hospitals in south west Germany were enrolled in a cross sectional study. Participants underwent a standardised interview including detailed history of medication use and a physical examination. Furthermore, radiographs of the joint being replaced and of the contralateral joint as well as of both hands were obtained. Patients were categorised as having bilateral or unilateral OA according to the presence or absence of radiographic OA in the contralateral joint. If radiographic OA of different hand and finger joint groups was present, participants were categorised as having generalised OA (GOA). Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals for the association between HRT and bilateral or GOA while adjusting for potential confounders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty five women (11.6%) were using HRT. The median duration of use was 5.4 years. The prevalence of bilateral and GOA was similar among users of ORT (86.3% and 27.5%, respectively) and among non-users of HRT (88.7% and 35.7%, respectively). After adjustment for potential confounding factors, the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of bilateral OA and GOA among HRT users compared with non-users was 1.21 (0.48, 3.03) and 1. 21 (0.53, 2.74), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite limited generalisability because of the selective study sample, these data do not support the hypothesis that HRT acts as a systemic protective factor against OA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of Ulm, Germany, Helmholtzstr 22, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Erb
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Brenner
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Günther
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stürmer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017698:Postmenopause; D011859:Radiography; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors