title: The role of affect on the perception of disability in multiple sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of depression in multiple sclerosis in the community and to assess how the presence of depression affects patients' perception of their disability.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was carried out at a regional multiple sclerosis (MS) clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-eight patients with MS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were asked to complete the following questionnaires: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Rankin Scale of Disability/Handicap (completed by patient and physician to assess relative perceived disability) and two visual analogue scales (coping ability and perceived service adequacy).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-nine per cent were case level for depression using the BDI criteria of Sullivan; 17% were case level for depression (34% borderline case) and 34% case level for anxiety on HADS. Depressed patients using both BDI and HADS criteria were three times more likely than nondepressed patients to perceive their disability as being greater than the physicians' perception (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depression is common in MS and adversely affects patients' perception of their disability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, University of Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000523:psychology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012649:Self Concept