title: Inhibitory glutamatergic regulation of evoked dopamine release in striatum.
abstract: Certain aspects of schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease suggest that glutamate might have an inhibitory effect on dopamine release. Several studies have reported that the excitatory actions of ionotropic glutamate agonists on extracellular dopamine levels in striatum are resistant to tetrodotoxin, which suggests that glutamate excites an impulse-independent mechanism of dopamine release. We tested the hypothesis that an inhibitory action of glutamate on dopamine terminals in the striatum specifically involves an impulse-dependent mechanism of dopamine release. We used voltammetry to monitor electrically-evoked dopamine release in striatal slices, which is completely tetrodotoxin- and Ca(2+)-sensitive and so provides a model of impulse-dependent dopamine release. Agonists of the ionotropic glutamate receptors significantly decreased the amplitude of the response, while antagonists significantly increased the amplitude of the response, by as much as approximately 60% in the case of kynurenic acid. These results support the hypothesis that ionotropic glutamate receptors can inhibit impulse-dependent dopamine release by a mechanism that acts locally within the striatum. This finding contrasts with previous reports that glutamate can excite impulse-independent dopamine release. This extends earlier findings that glutamate may both excite and inhibit subcortical dopamine systems by suggesting that the excitatory and inhibitory actions of striatal ionotropic glutamate receptors are specifically associated with impulse-independent and impulse-dependent dopamine release, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh 15260, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Pearl
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Zigmond
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Michael
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000378:metabolism*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000378:metabolism*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004594:Electrophysiology; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008274:Magnesium / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018079:Receptors, GABA / Q000502:physiology; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000502:physiology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D018079:Receptors, GABA; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D008274:Magnesium; D004298:Dopamine