title: Relationships between obesity and DSM-IV major depressive disorder, suicide ideation, and suicide attempts: results from a general population study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to test the relationships between relative body weight and clinical depression, suicide ideation, and suicide attempts in an adult US general population sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  Respondents were 40,086 African American and White participants interviewed in a national survey. Outcome measures were past-year major depression, suicide ideation, and suicide attempts diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. The primary predictor was relative body weight, treated both continuously (i.e., body mass index [BMI]) and categorically in logistic regression analyses. Covariates included age, income and education, disease status, and drug and alcohol use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Relative body weight was associated with major depression, suicide attempts, and suicide ideation, although relationships were different for men and women. Among women, increased BMI was associated with both major depression and suicide ideation. Among men, lower BMI was associated with major depression, suicide attempts, and suicide ideation. There were no racial differences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Differences in BMI, or weight status, were associated with the probability of past-year major depression, suicide attempts, and suicide ideation. Longitudinal studies are needed to differentiate the causal pathways and mechanisms linking physical and psychiatric conditions.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology, Joseph L. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Carpenter
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Hasin
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Allison
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Faith
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013405:Suicide / Q000523:psychology*; D013406:Suicide, Attempted