title: Effect of tauroursodeoxycholic acid on bile acid-induced apoptosis in primary human hepatocytes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The accumulation of endogenous bile acids contributes to hepatocellular damage during cholestatic liver disease. To evaluate the potential role of apoptotic cell death due to increased concentrations of bile acids, primary human hepatocytes were treated with hydrophobic and hydrophilic bile acids. Because the Fas receptor-ligand system may mediate apoptosis in human liver cells, the effect of toxic bile acids on hepatocellular Fas receptor expression was evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary human hepatocytes were incubated with 50 and 100 microM glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA) and co-incubated with equimolar concentrations of tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA). To evaluate cytolytic and apoptotic effects, morphological alterations, hepatocellular enzyme release, nuclear DNA fragmentation and hepatocellular Fas receptor expression were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Apoptotic cell death was significantly increased after exposure to 50 microM GCDCA. Bile acid-induced apoptosis was not accompanied by hepatocellular Fas receptor overexpression. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid reduced apoptosis, as indicated by a significant reduction of oligonucleosomal DNA cleavage. Fas receptor expression was not significantly affected by tauroursodeoxycholic acid. At higher concentrations, direct cytolytic cell destruction was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Primary human hepatocytes represent a suitable model to study bile acid-induced apoptotic cell death. In these hepatocytes, already low bile acid concentrations might induce apoptotic cell death, which is not triggered by hepatocellular Fas receptor overexpression. Apoptotic DNA fragmentation was significantly reduced by co-incubation with tauroursodeoxycholic acid. The reduction of bile acid-induced apoptosis by ursodeoxycholic acid and its conjugates may contribute to the beneficial effects of these hydrophilic bile acids used for medical treatment of several cholestatic liver diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Benz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Angermüller
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Otto
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sauer
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Stremmel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stiehl
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D006801:Humans; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013655:Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019014:fas Receptor
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D019014:fas Receptor; D013655:Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid; C031655:ursodoxicoltaurine; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases